One of the key determinants of success for today;s high-technology companies is product strategy'and this guide continues to be the only book on product strategy written specifically for the 21st century high-tech industry. More than 250 examples from technological leaders including IBM, Compaq, and Apple'plus a new focus on growth strategies and on Internet businesses'define how high-tech companies can use product strategy and product platform strategy for competitiveness, profitability, and growth in the Internet age.


The year 2015 saw major structural changes to international procurement rules -- including (1) a proposed Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) trade agreement which will impact procurement, and important shifts in Canada's laws regarding contractor debarment and exclusion (discussed here by Brenda Swick), (2) European procurement laws which favor open, multilateral negotiations (Hans-Joachim Priess), and (2) new, more liberal procurement policies at the World Bank (Christopher Yukins) -- all of which are likely to help open procurement markets around the world. This article, prepared for presentation at the February 2016 Thomson-Reuters Year in Review conference in Washington, D.C., surveys these developments and discusses their future implications.


Patients with unilateral central serous chorioretinopathy showed no significant difference in scleral thickness between the affected and unaffected fellow eyes, indicating that scleral thickening may be a potential predisposing factor for the development of central serous chorioretinopathy. Purpose: The sclera is reportedly thicker in eyes with central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) than in healthy control eyes. We compared the scleral thicknesses of the affected and unaffected fellow eyes of patients with unilateral CSC. Methods: We retrospectively examined the findings of 115 patients with unilateral CSC. Comparisons of the spherical equivalent, axial length, anterior chamber depth, subfoveal choroidal thickness, scleral thickness, and presence of peripheral ciliochoroidal effusion of the affected and fellow eyes were made. Using anterior segment optical coherence tomography, scleral thickness was measured vertically, 6 mm posterior to the scleral spur in the superior, temporal, inferior, and nasal directions. Results: No significant differences in scleral thickness in all four directions, spherical equivalent, axial length, anterior chamber depth, and frequency of ciliochoroidal effusion were found between the affected and unaffected fellow eyes. The only significant difference between the affected and fellow eyes was observed in the subfoveal choroidal thickness (398.8 µm vs. 346.6 µm, P < 0.001). Conclusion: A thickened choroid seems to have a direct effect on CSC development. By contrast, the affected and fellow eyes showed no significant difference in scleral thickness, indicating that scleral thickening may be a predisposing factor for the development of CSC.


Two novels from different points in the vast and varied post-apocalyptic canon are the subject of this paper. Russell Hoban's Riddley Walker and Cormac McCarthy's The Road both depict a world following what can be presumed to be the devastation of a nuclear holocaust, and while the settings and circumstances of each novel are in many ways dissimilar, both project a fictional world characterized by bleakness, desolation, and, arguably, hopelessness. Hoban and McCarthy would appear to have little else in common beyond the fact that they are near contemporaries and both are American, yet these two novels are strikingly similar stylistically: despite the appearance of being radically different (Hoban's distinctive orthography bears little resemblance to McCarthy's standard English, for example), the syntax of the two novels is remarkably alike in fundamentally important ways. In particular, the use that each author makes of deviant or foregrounded sentence structures assists, as I will argue, in projecting the fictional world that forms the core of each novel. In many ways the syntactic chaos that appears to be (but is not, in fact) at work both mirrors and contributes to projecting the chaos and destruction of the worlds of the novels, acting congruently with other stylistic features to depict an effective, but nonetheless depressing, representation of the post-holocaust landscape. By comparing the conscious syntactic choices of Hoban and McCarthy, I will demonstrate not only how such choices enable the authors to project their desired fictional worlds (and in turn allow readers to construct these worlds), but also how this form of close stylistic analysis has broader applications and benefits—from both a literary-linguistic and a pedagogical perspective—for the interpretation and explication of literary texts. Working within a traditional stylistics framework, I will illustrate the types of syntactic structures exploited by both authors and speculate on how these contribute to the interpretation of each novel as a whole. I begin with some background to each novel before proceeding to examine their syntactic features; I end with some of the broader implications of such an analysis, particularly as they have an impact upon making the linguistics–literature interface more transparent and its examination more practically useful.


A predominant strand of contemporary criticism identifies the creation of atmosphere as the way in which an architectural space is distinguished from the 3-dimensions of physical buildings. This idea that, in essence, there is an experiential and associative aspect to the creation of architectural meaning is therefore a foundational aspect of architectural teaching; and most first year courses in architecture include design exercises that require the student to respond creatively to some form of charged atmospheric stimulus. This paper reflects upon a version of this project, delivered yearly to students in their first term of architectural studies. Students are asked to capture the atmosphere they find on visits to more eccentric, less accessible space in central Bristol and to bring this atmosphere back to the school of architecture in drawn-form. This brief poses questions for all involved. The learners confront an open-ended, experimental investigation in design requiring interpretative skills they may not have encountered previously. The teachers are asked to answer the question: What is atmosphere? The answer has been a 5-year collaboration between Fine Art and architectural educators that has evolved into a sequenced series of short workshops that lead students towards the abstract representation of atmospheres they discover in Bristol. Central to this pedagogy has been the students' development of diptychs and a reflection on the nature of atmosphere as something found between elements. This paper will use the project's pedagogy to define atmosphere as such a dyptichal combination of associations and images, visitor and extant space, participant and observer.


BACKGROUND
People with HIV (PWH) have an increased risk of chronic lung diseases and chronic inflammation. We aimed to investigate if inflammatory markers and monocyte activation are associated with faster lung function decline in PWH.

METHODS
We included 655 PWH from the Copenhagen Comorbidity in HIV Infection (COCOMO) Study. Eligible participants were ≥25 years and had two spirometries separated by >2 years. Inflammatory markers (interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, tumor-necrosis-factor-alpha (TNFα) and interferon-gamma (IFNγ)) were measured at baseline by Luminex and soluble CD14 (sCD14) and sCD163 by ELISA. Using linear mixed models, we investigated whether elevated cytokine levels were associated with faster lung function decline.

RESULTS
The majority of PWH were males (85.2%) with undetectable viral replication (95.3%). We found a faster decline in forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) in PWH with elevated IL-1β and IL-10, with an additional decline of 10.3 mL/year (95% CI:2.1-18.6, p=0.014) and 10.0 mL/year (95% CI:1.8-18.2, p=0.017), respectively. We found no interaction between smoking and IL-1β or IL-10 on FEV1 decline.

CONCLUSION
Elevated IL-1β and IL-10 were independently associated with faster lung function decline in PWH, suggesting that dysregulated systemic inflammation may play a role in the pathogenesis of chronic lung diseases.


Magnetism-induced applications of nanomaterials and scaffolds are currently gaining great interest for their potential applications in tissue repair and disease treatment. Here, we prepare novel magnetic scaffolds of gelatin–siloxane (GS) hybrids for bone repair and regeneration by incorporating magnetite nanoparticles (MNs). MNs were incorporated during the sol–gel process of the organic–inorganic hybrids, and highly porous scaffolds were achieved via the free-drying method. The MNs incorporated up to 3 wt% were shown to uniformly distribute within the GS matrix. The incorporated MNs significantly improved the mechanical properties of the scaffolds, including resistance to static load and dynamic storage modulus (from 100 kPa to 450 kPa). The scaffolds presented superparamagnetic behaviors, and the saturation magnetization increased with increasing MN content. The GS-MN scaffolds showed excellent bone-bioactivity, inducing apatite minerals rapidly in a body simulating medium. Rat mesenchymal stem cells cultured on the scaffolds spread better on the MN-incorporated magnetic scaffolds, and cell proliferation significantly improved on the magnetic scaffolds with respect to MN-free scaffolds. Osteogenic differentiation, as assessed by alkaline phosphatase activity of cells, was significantly higher in the magnetic scaffolds, and, furthermore, the cellular mineralization behavior also greatly improved with the incorporation of MNs. The results suggest that the MNs incorporated at small concentrations are effective in stimulating cell growth and osteogenic differentiation in the GS hybrid porous scaffolds, and thus the magnetic hybrid scaffolds may be useful for bone tissue engineering.


The two coloring methods,electrochemical and chemical,for brass deposit were introduced.On the basis of practical experience obtained in production,it was pointed out that color and luster of the film,coloring time,stability of coloring agents and their oxidation capability had to be synthetically considered to select the right coloring process for brass deposit.The specification,process flow and mainpoints of process control for the two coloring methods were respectively described.The common failure and troubleshooting were totally listed with a table.Moreover,the quality inspection for the coloring film and return of the rejects were presented.


We consider the effects of gate noise on the operation of an entanglement purification protocol. We characterize the performance of the protocol by two measures, the minimum purifiable input state fidelity, and the maximum output state fidelity. Both these measures are a function of gate error rate. For sufficiently large gate error rate these two measures converge, defining a threshold on gate error rates. Numerically, we estimate this threshold to be $9.2\times 10^{-2}$, which is achievable with many present day experimental architectures. (This paper is written in an experimental rapid communication format).


To integrate large-scale islanded onshore wind power with different sizes, this paper proposes an integration system based on the cascaded hybrid HVDC transmission system, which consists of LCC and several MMCs in series connection at the DC side of the rectifier. A large-scale wind farm is connected with one LCC and one MMC while several small-scale wind farms are connected with MMCs directly. Owing to the hierarchical integration arrangement, the operating flexibility can be improved with reduced capacity and the number of step-up interfacing transformers. A resilient DC voltage control is proposed for the integration system to adaptively redistribute power among the converters during wind power fluctuations. Firstly, the topology and operating characteristics of the wind power integration system are introduced. Then, a resilient DC voltage control is proposed to ensure stable operation during wind power curtailments. Finally, a simulation model of the hybrid cascaded HVDC transmission system is built in PSCAD/EMTDC to verify the effectiveness. The research results show that the system provides a new option for long-distance transmission of large-scale islanded wind power.


In view of the sudden transmission of nodes in the Internet of things, this paper adopts the method of establishing data traffic model based on statistical analysis. On the basis of statistical analysis, the traffic is analyzed in the time domain, that is, the data traffic model is studied on different time scales. Then the traffic is analyzed in the spatial domain. It can be seen that the fitting effects of different time scales and different spatial domain are different. In addition, according to the energy consumption model of Internet of things nodes, it shows that the data traffic and energy consumption have a positive correlation.


A process for the production of MR images by means of a magnetic resonance system (5) and a correspondingly designed magnetic resonance system (5) will be described. In this MR data by means of a purely phase-encoded imaging in a K space (20) with a predetermined amount (21) of potential measurement points detected, but only for a predetermined subset (22) of measuring points of this set (21) MR data detected become. an image is reconstructed in such a manner from the detected measuring points of the subset (22) that also includes information about not detected measurement points (23) of the set (21) is obtained.


Measurements of total precipitable water w and of water vapor scale height H were obtained from both sun photometer measurements and soundings taken in the Mediterranean, Red Sea, and Indian Ocean during the scientific cruise of the vessel Salernum (January and February 1979). Scale height H was found to assume average values of 1.93 km for the Mediterranean leg of the cruise, 2.33 km for the Indian Ocean, and 2.45 km for the Red Sea and Somalian Coast. Moreover, average vertical distribution curves of air temperature, dew point, and absolute humidity were determined from the soundings taken in an equatorial area of the Indian Ocean. This atmospheric water vapor model gives a value of w = 5.12 g cm−2, while the tropical model proposed by McClatchey et al. (1972) gives w = 4.20 g cm−2. In fact, absolute humidity was found to assume appreciably higher values than those in the tropical model from sea level to about 14 km altitude and considerably smaller values throughout the tropopause region. The measurements also show that the present evaluations of scale height H can be conveniently used to represent the absolute humidity vertical profiles in tropical oceanic areas.


Using a three-player dictator-game experiment, we find that similar performance during a shared self-determined experience causes a redistributor to privilege the stakeholder who performed similarly. Sharing a self-determined experience, however, is not, in itself, sufficient to influence redistributive preferences. We generate the shared self-determined experience by varying whether a third-party decision maker and a stakeholder acquire money through an effortful activity or through random selection of a ticket. Our results have implications for how redistributive preferences are affected by perceptions of one's own self-determination and by social connectedness based on perceived similarities.


NF-κB-mediated transcriptional activation is controlled at several levels including interaction with coregulatory proteins. To identify new proteins capable of modulating NF-κB-mediated activation, a cytoplasmic two-hybrid screen was performed using the p65 C-terminal transactivation domain as bait and identified the product of the DEK proto-oncogene. DEK is a ubiquitous nuclear protein that has been implicated in several types of cancer and autoimmune diseases. DEK appears to function in several nuclear processes including transcriptional repression and modulation of chromatin structure. Our data indicate that DEK functions as a transcriptional corepressor to repress NF-κB activity. DEK expression blocked p65-mediated activation of an NF-κB-dependent reporter gene and also inhibited TNFα-induced activation of the reporter gene. Chromatin Immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays showed that DEK associates with the promoters of the NF-κB-regulated cIAP2 and IL-8 genes in untreated cells and dissociates from these promoters upon NF-κB binding in response to TNFα treatment. Moreover, the expression levels of an NF-κB-dependent reporter gene as well as the NF-κB-regulated Mcp-1 and IκBα genes is increased in DEK–/– cells compared with wild-type cells. ChIP assays on these promoters show enhanced and prolonged binding of p65 and increased recruitment of the P/CAF coactivator. Overall, these data provide further evidence that DEK functions to negatively regulate transcription.


Vestibular disorders are the leading cause of dizziness in children. Vestibular disorders in youngsters with and due to Otitis Media Effusion have recently gained attention. The best way to identify vestibular disorders in youngsters is to use crude methods. The majority of the time, the parents' history is used to form the view. As a result, questionnaires are the finest tool for estimating children. The Pediatric Vestibular Symptom Questionnaire was created and validated to measure children's private vestibular symptom inflexibility (i.e. dizziness, shakiness), as a reliable and valid tool for assessing the presence and inflexibility of private vestibular symptoms in children with vestibular diseases or concussion provides a tool for assessing the presence and inflexibility of private vestibular symptoms in children with vestibular diseases or concussion. The questionnaire was used to distinguish between children with vestibular symptoms and healthy controls, and it should be used to detect and quantify vestibular symptoms that require further examination and treatment. The adaptation of the same in Malayalam Language among the natives of Kerala, the Southern Indian states were used widely to evaluate and identify the vestibular symptoms among the children for the effective treatment and better prognosis. Based on the statistics and analysis obtained the questionnaire demonstrated robust reliability, construct and discriminate validity.


Clinical revolutions come and go but doctors have to deal with the constancy of their patients and their problems. The advent of the acid suppression drugs, particularly the proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), initiated a revolution in the management of upper gastrointestinal problems. This was particularly effective for the management of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), with the promise of a near abolition of symptoms. Suppressing acid was the key. The truth, as so often is the case, has however, turned out to be more complex and a little different.1 The original relatively simple entity of heartburn and reflux disease has transformed into a complex arborisation of clinical problems that embraces systemic symptoms, major quality of life issues, laryngeal and pulmonary problems and even a neoplastic threat - Barrett's!


Aims: It has been demonstrated that sirolimus, a potent immnunosuppressant agent, allowing a reduction of nephrotoxic effects of CNIs.  We have evaluated whether conversion from a CNIs to sirolimus reduces nephrotoxicity in liver transplant recipients. We have also investigated whether this effect is accompanied to systemic, splanchnic and renal hemodynamic changes. Material and methods: Twelve patients with a suboptimal renal function, defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of less than 50 ml/min, were included. Hemodynamic parameters were measured by doppler. Both measurements were performed in baseline (pre conversion to sirolimus) and 30 and 90 days after sirolimus . Results: The target range for whole blood sirolimus concentration was between 5 and 12 mg/ml. There was a significant difference in GFR at 30 (57 ± 20 ml/min) and 90 (58 ± 21 ml/min) days in patients switching to sirolimus compared to those observed during the administration of CNIs (39 ± 9 ml/min, p<0.05).  This effect on renal hemodynamic is accompanied by a significant reduction in mean arterial pressure. No significant changes were observed in the other parameters studied. Conclusion: Our results suggest that early withdrawal of CNIs is a safe option, which allows an improvement in renal hemodynamic in liver transplant recipients.


The Moreton Bay Marine Park (MBMP) is a multiple-use marine park in eastern Australia that was established in 1993 and rezoned in 2009 by Queensland's Environmental Protection Agency, thereby increasing the total no-take area of marine national park from 0.5 to 16%. In conjunction with measured trends in the human use of no-take areas before and after rezoning (previously reported by the authors (37)), we documented vessel use and characteristics of vessels in MBMP by way of on-water and aerial surveys. About 35% of vessel-based activity in the marine park was nonextractive use. Fishing was the dominant activity in the MBMP (65%), both within Moreton Bay itself and on nearby offshore waters, and recreational fishing comprised 97% of all fishing activity. Despite a thirty-fold increase in no-take area in the MBMP, there was minimal change in the spatial distribution of all on-water activities, including recreational fishing. Vessels with overnight accommodation capacity (lifestyle vessels) comprised about 20% of vessel activity in the marine park. Sailing, sightseeing, jetskiing, paddling and camping made up significant proportions of other vessel-based activity. Small vessels < 5m in length made up 50% of all vessel length classes. The largest vessels encountered in MBMP were not found offshore; they were 'weekender' lifestyle vessels frequenting the many safe anchorages within the Bay. Vessels in the 5–8m length range were the most common vessels operated offshore. The majority of vessels (80%) had one or two people onboard, while offshore three to four people per vessel was common. Available leisure time and weather impacted the use of the marine park; all vessel types were observed more often on weekends and when forecast wind speed was low.


A subject of current debate is a taxable municipal bond subsidy plan that would subsidize state and local governments choosing to issue taxable rather than tax-exempt debt. This plan generally is regarded as a loophole-closing device that would help to achieve a more equitable wealth distribution. We find that over the range of subsidy rates usually discussed, the taxable bond plan would indeed have a progressive effect on the wealth distribution, but beyond some ascertainable point, further increases in the subsidy rate become regressive. Furthermore, at high rates of subsidy, the equity gains are quite expensive to the Treasury.


Ameloblastomas are defined as aggressive neoplasms arising from the odontogenic epithelium which exhibit a locally invasive behavior with a high rate of recurrence. If left untreated, they often lead to extensive tissue destruction and deformity. Due to the fact that these tumors emerge from remnants of normal odontogenic apparatus, which is strictly regulated through several genes, studies have been done in an attempt to unravel the relation between these two processes. The normal genetic regulation takes place through different signaling pathways, including four major families: TGF [Transforming Growth Factors, which include BMPs (Bone Morphogenetic Proteins)], FGF (Fibroblast Growth Factors), Hh (Hedgehogs) and Wnt (Wingless). Each family consists of several signals encoded by different genes. The unraveling of specific details concerning these genes and the mechanisms whereby the expression and relationships among them are mediated, may provide an opportunity to develop new treatment therapies and afford efficient prevention.

 Key words: Ameloblastoma, sonic hedgehog, bone morphogenetic protein, fibroblast growth factor, wingless.


Stra8(stimulated by retinoic acid gene 8) is a germ cell-specific gene and can initiate meiosis of germ cell,whose expression is induced by retinoic acid.Stra8 is a regulator of meiotic initiation in female embryonic and male postnatal germ cells.Meiosis is retarded in the fetal testis by the retinoid-degrading enzyme CYP26B1 and development-related regulator Nanos 2,which can inhibit the expression of Stra8.These studies on Stra8 and meiotic initiation are beneficial to the understanding for spermatogenesis and oogenesis.


Quantum leaps advances in the single-molecule investigative science have been made possible over the past decades through the implication of nanopores, as versatile components on dedicated biosensors. Here, we employed the nanopore-tweezing technique to capture amino acid-functionalized, peptide-nucleic acids (PNA) with -hemolysin-based nanopores, and correlate the ensuing stochastic fluctuations of the ionic current through the nanopore with the composition and order of bases in the PNAs primary structure. We demonstrate that while the system enables detection of distinct bases on homopolymeric PNA or triplet bases on heteropolymeric strands, it also reveals rich insights into the conformational dynamics of the entrapped PNA within the nanopore, relevant for perfecting the recognition capability single-molecule sequencing.


New, multi-pixel, air-filled ionization chamber for beam monitoring was constructed. For processing of 400 input signals, it utilizes a dedicated, homemade ASIC. Device parameters: sensitivity, resolution, dynamic range, etc. are discussed together with results from the particle beam tests.


A many-body Hamiltonian involving the mean field for a projected spherical single-particle basis, the pairing interactions for alike nucleons, and the dipole-dipole proton-neutron interactions in the particle-hole (ph) channel and the ph dipole pairing potential is treated by the projected gauge fully renormalized proton-neutron quasiparticle random phase approximation approach. The resulting wave functions and energies for the mother and daughter nuclei are used to calculate the 2{nu}{beta}{beta} decay rate and the process half-life. For illustration, the formalism is applied for the decay {sup 100}Mo{yields}{sup 100}Ru. The calculated half-life is in agreement with the corresponding experimental data. The Ikeda sum rule is obeyed.


The present invention provides a method suitable for containing the primary volatile hydrocarbons, may also be hydrogen or nitrogen gas mixture extracted C


(57) Abstract: The present invention is a sandwich-type coordination compound (5, 6) incorporate a polymer composed of, at a high density, provides a memory device of non-volatile. Such polymers are different, distinguishable oxidation states (e.g., 10 different, distinguishable oxidation states) may exhibit, thus, the molecule that stores a plurality of bits of information, the information storage medium and apparatus I will provide a. Furthermore, the polymer is fixed or bonded to the substrate, an electrochromic display (221), capable of producing other useful articles such as molecular capacitor (208) and a battery (222).


Aerobic fitness and repeated high-intensity efforts have been shown to be a determinant in the performance of team sports, especially in the ability to finish a match, to cover a distance, to repeat and recover between sprints and explosive movements (e.g. accelerations, changes of direction; COD) and to reduce the deterioration in some technical skill. Due to this, coaches must appropriately develop these capacities to adequately prepare athletes for match-play demands. High-intensity interval training is considered an effective and time efficient means to optimise individual physiological adaptation. However, the best processes which examine these qualities (physical testing protocols), prescribe training and monitor the response of this training requires attention, particularly in team sport athletes that possess heterogenous physical attributes. Therefore, this thesis aimed to examine a valid and reliable approach to assess the training outcome as well as prescribe and monitor the training process in rugby league athletes.


The method of least -square support vector machine (LS-SVM),which was an improved algorithm for traditional support vector machine(SVM) based on statistical learning theory,was presented to study the recognition of reservoir fluids from geologic logging. By using the principle of structure risk minimization as opposed to empirical risk supported by conventional technique,the LS-SVM method was very good in global optimization and generalization. Furthermore,it acquires a high computing efficiency by solving a set of linear equations instead of solving a convex quadratic programming problem. It can be used to introduce the basic principle and multi-classified method of LS-SVM algorithm,then make use of a small quantity of well logging information as training sample to recognize the oil and water zones accurately based on this method. The comparison of predicted classification with the result by employing cross plot and BP neural network methods shows that the proposed method of LS-SVM is not only feasible in correctly recognizing the fluids of reservoir,but also gains much superiority.


Dispersion relations---a corollary of unitarity and analyticity---are among the few methods which can be employed to study low energy processes in QCD. In this work we critically revisit the calculation of decay widths of a hypothetical light scalar boson into pions and kaons. Strong interactions of the mesons in the final state affect these decays significantly. We argue that applications of the dispersion relations to the calculation of these decay widths, which are present in the literature, rely on an uncontrollable approximation of the reduced S-matrix. When a limited number of initial and final decay channels are considered, in general neither a unitary S-matrix nor its version corrected by an inelasticity factor are justified. The scalar form factor calculation provides a transparent example to illustrate this statement. Therefore, the results of this calculation, which are important for theoretical, cosmological and experimental applications, must be treated with caution. Our work, therefore, calls for a breakthrough in the understanding of the dispersion relations of realistic many-channel systems.


Background:  Several papers have reported an association of high CA125 serum levels with advanced non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) as well as a relationship between high CA125 values and poor outcome.


The complex system information can be simplified by the knowledge rule.They are controlled according the transaction ACID attribute.This paper uses the procedure technique that the VFP DBMS provides,builds the knowledge representation and theorization that the system starts the integrity constraint rule by the trigger.Combined the object-orientation technique,it completes the system that the VFP provides,sets up the all-in-one knowledge system.


A new linear A–D–A type low band gap small molecule (IDT-2DPP) based on 4,4,9,9-tetrakis(4-hexylphenyl)-4,9-dihydro-s-indaceno[1,2-b:5,6-b′]dithiophene (IDT) and 2,5-bis(2-ethylhexyl)-3,6-di(thiophen-2-yl)pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-1,4(2H,5H)-dione (DPP) was designed and synthesized by Pd-catalyzed Stille coupling reaction. IDT-2DPP exhibits good solubility and good thermal stability with a decomposition temperature of 395 °C. IDT-2DPP shows strong absorption from 500 to 700 nm with a high molar extinction coefficient of 1.3 × 105 M−1 cm−1 at the absorption peak (640 nm) in chloroform solution. The HOMO and LUMO levels of IDT-2DPP were estimated to be −5.11 and −3.32 eV, respectively. Solution processed bulk-heterojunction solar cells using IDT-2DPP as a donor material blending with PC71BM as an acceptor yielded a power conversion efficiency of 2.82%, and solar cells using IDT-2DPP as an acceptor material blending with P3HT as a donor yielded a power conversion efficiency of 0.83% with a high Voc of 1.17 V.


Since the early 1980s, developed country governments have made a strong effort to promote cooperative industrial research. Europe has been at the forefront. The support of international research consortia has been the major funding mechanism of the Framework Programmes on research, technological and development (RTD). Awareness and support for cooperative RTD has also increased at the national level, but there are great policy approach differences between member states, and between Europe and the USA and Japan. An interesting development of the last two decades in Europe has been the increasing convergence of key policy areas at the national level that directly affect the incentives of firms to participate in research partnerships, including competition and intellectual property rights policies. Copyright , Beech Tree Publishing.


Background: Internet use is an integral part of everyday life in contemporary society, especially among young people. It is used to perform activities in everyday life by an increasing proportion o ...


Objective To study 18F-FDG PET/CT and enhanced CT in the evaluation of resectability of pancreatic cancer.Methods The 18F-FDG PET/CT and enhanced CT images of patients with pancreatic cancer were analyzed and the results in assessing resectability were compared.The diagnosis of pancreatic cancer and resectability were confirmed by intraoperative findings and histopathology.Results 31 patients with pancreatic cancer underwent surgery.Complete resection of the tumor was successfully carried out in 18 patients.Palliative operations were performed in the remaining 13 patients because the tumors were unresectable.The sensitivity,specificity and accuracy for unresectabilitywere 94.4%,15.3%,61.2% using enhanced CT,94.4%,38.4%,70.9% using 18F-FDG PET/CT,and 88.8%,53.8%,71.3% using a combination of these two examinations,respectively.There was no significant difference between enhanced CT and 18 F-FDG PET/CT.A combination of these two examinations was significantly better than either one of these examinations.Conclusions Either enhanced CT or 18F-FDG PET/CT was useful,and they complemented each other in assessing resectability of pancreatic tumor.A combination of these two examinations was more evaluable than either one of these examinations.

Key words:
Pancreatic neoplasms;  Pancreatectomy;  Tomography, X-ray computed


Most countries have active road safety policies that seek the objective of reducing deaths in traffic accidents. One of the main factors in this regard is the awareness of the safety measures, one of the most important being the correct usage of the seat belt, a device that is known to save thousands of lives every year. The presented work shows a VR-enhanced edutainment application designed to increase awareness on the use of seat belts. For this goal, a motorized rollover system was developed that, synchronized with a VR application (shown in a head-mounted display for each user inside a real car), rolls over this car with up to four passengers inside. This way, users feel the sensations of a real overturn and therefore they realize the consequences and the results of not wearing a seat belt. The system was tested for a month in the context of a road safety exhibition in Dammam, Saudi Arabia, one of the leading countries in car accidents per capita. More than 500 users tested and assessed the usefulness of the system. We measured, before and after the rollover experience, the perception of risk of not using the seat belt. Results show that awareness regarding the use of seat belts increases very significantly after using the presented edutainment tool.


The carrier density mobility in organic electron transporting semiconductor is very low compared with the inorganic semiconductor,which affects the efficiency and luminance of Organic Light-emitting Devices(OLEDs).To improve the performance of OLED,the electron injecting and transporting ability should be enhanced,and n-type electrically doping can enhance the electron transporting ability of the orangic materials.Li3N was used as n-type dopant and Alq3∶Li3N doped layer was used as the electron injecting layer for OLED.As a result,the performance of OLED were improved.The optimal doping concentration and the thickness were 5% and 10 nm,respectively.Because Li3N is stable in the air and can decomposite to Li atoms and nitrogen at a low temperature and pressure,the disadvantage can be avoided of the effecting of moisture and oxygen to the metal dopant such as Li and Cs.The research result is also helpful to the preserve and doping process.


In the title compound, C20H18N4O3, the dihedral angles between the central benzene ring and the 1H-1,2,3-triazole ring and the fused benzene ring are 65.34 (19) and 3.64 (18)°, respectively. The dioxole ring adopts a shallow envelope conformation, with the methylene C atom displaced by 0.156 (5) Å from the other four atoms (r.m.s. deviation = 0.007Å). In the crystal, the molecules are linked by C—H⋯O and C—H⋯N hydrogen bonds, generating a three-dimensional network.


In patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 positive (HER2+) breast cancer, leptomeningeal metastases (LM) are a rare but often a fatal clinical scenario. In this multicentric study, clinical and pathologic characteristics of patients with HER2+ breast cancer developing LM were described, as well as survival outcomes. Data were gathered retrospectively from medical records of 82 patients with advanced HER2+ breast cancer and LM treated between August 2005 and July 2020. Following LM diagnosis, 79 (96.3%) patients received at least one line of anti‐HER2 therapy, 25 (30.5%) patients received intrathecal therapy and 58 (70.7%) patients received radiotherapy. Overall survival (OS) was 8.3 months (95% confidence interval [CI] 5.7‐11), 1‐year OS was 42%, and 2‐year OS was 21%. At univariate analysis, patients who were treated after 2010, had better Karnofsky performance status, were free of neurological symptoms, had better prognostic, received chemotherapy (OS difference 9.4 months, P = .024), or monoclonal antibodies (trastuzumab ± pertuzumab; OS difference 6.1 months; P = .013) after LM diagnosis, had a statistically significantly longer OS. Presence of neurological symptoms (hazard ratio 3.32, 95% CI 1.26‐8.73; P = .015) and not having received radiotherapy (hazard ratio 2.02, 95% CI 1.09‐3.72; P = .024) were all associated with poorer OS at multivariate analysis. To summarize, not having neurological symptoms and receiving RT at LM diagnosis were associated with prolonged OS in our cohort. Survival seemed to be prolonged with multimodality treatment, which included targeted therapy, chemotherapy, and RT to the LM sites.


Provided is a method for manufacturing a culture medium of algae using natural seawater, which has inexpensive manufacturing costs and prevents a drop in the content of biochemical components. The method for manufacturing a culture medium of algae includes: a step of adding coal and NaOH into natural seawater to manufacture pretreated seawater from which the materials for the generation of white turbidity are removed; and a step of adjusting the pH and salt concentration of the pretreated seawater to manufacture the pretreated seawater having the desired pH and salt concentration for culturing algae.


1Student, C.G.P.I.T, Uka Tarsadia University, Bardoli, Surat, India 2Assistant Professor, C.G.P.I.T, Uka Tarsadia University, Bardoli, Surat, India 3Assistant Professor, C.G.P.I.T, Uka Tarsadia University, Bardoli, Surat, India ---------------------------------------------------------------------***---------------------------------------------------------------------Abstract There are a number of factors behind the development of a nation, electricity is one of them. Nowadays, the main challenge for both developed and developing countries is to generate electricity continuously to meet the demand which is increasing tremendously day by day. This paper simulates the feasibility of installing a stand-alone and Grid connected system in the Nursing college building and Feeder 2 connected loads of Uka Tarsadia University respectively. The technical performance of a 21.12 kW standalone system of performance ratio 56.99% based on load analysis is evaluated. Feeder 2 with total load demand of 1074 kW, a technical performance of a 1121 kW grid connected system of performance ratio 78.53% is evaluated. The overall performance of PV systems are always characterized by various parameters such as geographical location, panel orientation, mounting structure, climatic conditions, PV module, system characteristics etc. Performance ratio and Solar fraction are index which represents the level of utilization of the system. The simulations are carried out using PVsyst, a software package for the analysis and simulation of a complete PV systems.


The development of technologies to hasten the establishment of grass lawn putting greens would be of a great advantage to landscape turf developers and renovators under dry regions conditions like Arabian Gulf region. A field experiment was conducted at Sultan Qaboos Center for Developed and Soilless Agriculture, Arabian Gulf University (Bahrain) to determine the effect of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal (AM) fungi inoculation (German BioMyc™ Vital inoculum) on water use efficiency and establishment of a lawn mixture of Kentucky bluegrass and perennial ryegrass grown on a sandy soil with low P fertilizer level (50% of commonly recommended rate). Root colonization with AM fungi occurred extensively in AM inoculated plants seven weeks after seeding (∼88%). Inoculated plots with AM fungi had improved turf coverage, shoot and root growth, clipping yield, and water use efficiency in comparison with uninoculated plots. The results revealed that turfgrass inoculated with AM fungi established more quickly and had more biomass than uninoculated turf which indicate the potential of mycorrhiza in improving utilization of fertilizer and irrigation water to hasten and improve the establishment of grass lawn under Arabian Gulf region conditions.


Agarwood is the resinous infected wood obtained from Aquilaria species, which is a highly priced product in the flavour and fragrance market. Its formation is a complex process of interaction between the plant, insect, and microorganisms. Multiple studies concerning the interaction of microorganisms with the Aquilaria tree have been reported. However, the significant interaction between the insect Zeuzera conferta Walker (Lepidoptera: Cossidae) with Aquilaria has been overlooked, and only exiguous studies have been accomplished. Considering the dearth of available literature on this interesting phenomenon a review has been attempted. The taxonomical and morphological descriptions proffered by researchers and the insect life cycle are discussed. The review lays emphasis on the chemical ecology of the interaction between Z. conferta, Aquilaria and associating microorganisms as a possible continuum operating in the form of complex chemical signalling via release and sensing of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs), Herbivore Induced Plant Volatiles (HIPVs) and Microbial Volatile Organic Compounds (MVOCs). The review also scrutinizes the future perspectives of understanding the interaction in devising suitable management strategies to prevent uncontrolled infestation and, simultaneously, develop artificial rearing technology for the insect Z. conferta as a strategy for ensuring sustainable livelihood of farmers dependent on agarwood production.


A holographic storage drive and control of a holographic storage system are configured to write at least a group of holograms in a predetermined pattern in the holographic storage medium, and to write a directory hologram which relates to the holograms of the group to form an anchor location of the predetermined pattern. Further, a directory comprising the directory hologram stored in a memory, and the control is configured to initiate a read operation of at least one hologram of a group with an access for the directory hologram of the group at the anchor location; to read the accessed hologram, employing a matched filter to cross-correlate the read accessed hologram with an ideal version of the directory hologram derived from the directory stored in the memory; and to determine whether the read accessed hoIogram is the directory hoIogram of the group.


The article sums up the common problems of CNC machining in practical training,and then after analyzing them,puts forward the corresponding solutions.


Occupancy grids have been used for a variety of applications in the field of robotics. These grids have typic ally been created based on data provided by range sensors such as laser or ultrasound. Current practice is to create the gridsbased on a probabilistic sensor model such as [1]. The use of stereo vision to create occupancy grids is less common. This paper will detail a novel approach to compute occupancy grids, as applied to intelligent vehicles. Occupancy is initially computed directly in the stereoscopic sensor's disparity space, all owing the handling of occlusions in the observed area. It is also computationally efficient, since it uses the u-disparity aproach to avoid processing a large point cloud. The occupancy calculation formally accounts for the detection of obstacles a nd the road in disparity space, as well as partial occlusions inthe scene. In a second stage, this disparity-space occupancy gr id is transformed into a Cartesian space occupancy grid to be used by subsequent applications. This transformation incl udes a filtering step to reduce discretization effects and explic itly account for the relation between range and uncertainty in stereoscopic data. In this paper, we present the method and show the results obtained with real road data.


SUMMARY A patient is described with constrictive pericarditis after insertion of an endocardial pacemaker. As far as we know this complication has not been reported previously. Permanent endocardial pacemakers are now commonly implanted and a number of complications have been described.1 Constrictive pericarditis has been reported as a complication of epicardial pacemakers2; this has never been reported, however, after insertion of an endocardial pacemaker.


This paper describes a novel lateral Bipolar Transistor build on SOI substrate for RF power amplifier applications. The lateral design concept significantly reduces parasitic resistances and capacitances, and enables very high operating frequency and good trade-off to breakdown voltages. The SOI-LBJTs are fabricated with the support from Asahi Kasei Microsystems. It delivers operating frequency (fτ/fmax= 12/30GHz) and breakdown voltage (BVCEO= 27V) that approaches the Johnson's limit. This is the first reported Si-BJT that reaches Johnson's limit with BVCEOabove 10V. The high breakdown voltage and frequency characteristics make this silicon device and ideal low-cost solution for PA design for GHz wireless communication systems.


Waste problem is a problem that facing many cities in Indonesia, even in all of the world not except Makasssar. Waste problem such as infrastructures capacity which can't fulfill all of the waste, transporting problem, modes of transportation until transport regularity. Based on this condition, there are some question to be answered. For example, what is the component Level Of Service of waste, how about the condition of waste in planning area, until do the services in that area showing good act or not based on Level Of Service? Methods that using to collect data is by observation or directly view to the location and also do interview. Directly viewed do with met with all of head of RW in Kel. Maccini, Makassar. Then, Interview method do with give some questions to the people which are near with the theme. People who met are head of each RW in Kel, Maccini, Makassar, until Head of Wasting & Gardening Department of Makassar. By the past methods, produce primary data and secondary data. Primary data such as citizens data dan the condition of the waste in that area, and the secondary data is the result of interview with all of the people. The result of directly view and observation showing that the waste services in that area is still so far from the general. Recommendation that giving are to makes better waste services based on people environment. In this case, it have to make easy the next act in TPS/TPA until give profit to the people itself. For example, from the sorting result, can used to increasing people economy. To get more sustainable, making better of the system based on standard hopefully to make a good condition, environmentally thinking and also showing healthy people.


A 53‐year‐old woman is described with tachycardia dependent block (Phase 3 block) within the left bundie branch and a right‐sided accessory AV bypass tract Simple bedside autonomic maneuvers allowed an accurate assessment of these com‐plex conduction disturbances


In December 2019, the world was confronted with the outbreak of the respiratory disease COVID-19 (Corona). The first infection (confirmed case) was detected in the City Wuhan, Hubei, China. First, it was an epidemic in China, but in the first quarter of 2020, it evolved into a pandemic, which continues to this day. The COVID-19 pandemic with its incredible speed of spread shows the vulnerability of a globalized and networked world. The first months of the pandemic were characterized by heavy burden on health systems. Worldwide, the population of countries was affected with severe restrictions, like educational system shutdown, public traffic system breakdown or a comprehensive lockdown. The severity of the burden was dependent on many factors, e.g. government, culture or health system. However, the burden happened regarding each country with slight time lags, cf. Bracke et al. (2020). This paper focuses on data analytics regarding infection data of the COVID-19 pandemic. It is a continuation of the research study COVID-19 pandemic data analytics: Data heterogeneity, spreading behavior, and lockdown impact, published by Bracke et al. (2020). The goal of this assessment is the evaluation/analysis of infection data mining considering model uncertainty, pandemic spreading behavior with lockdown impact and early second wave in Germany, Italy, Japan, New Zealand and France. Furthermore, a comparison with other infectious diseases (measles and influenza) is made. The used data base from Johns Hopkins University (JHU) runs from 01/22/2020 until 09/22/2020 with daily data, the dynamic development after 09/22/2020 is not considered. The measles/influenza analytics are based on Robert Koch Institute (RKI) data base 09/22/2020. Statistical models and methods from reliability engineering like Weibull distribution model or trend test are used to analyze the occurrence of infection.


Investigating the mechanism of authoritarian regime survival, Wallace's book provides us with some great insights into the relationship among China's rural-urban migration, urbanization and regime survival through a geopolitical perspective. He explicitly argues that it is through short-circuiting "the Faustian Bargain of urban bias" (p.121) that not only has the authoritarian regime in China successfully survived but also prospered in the past three decades. 왈라스의 책은 권위주의 체제의 생존 메커니즘을 조사하여 중국의 도시-농촌 이주, 도시화 그리고 체제 생존에 관한 통찰을 지정학적 관점에서 제시한다. 그는 중국의 권위주의 체제가 성공적으로 생존할 수 있었을 뿐만 아니라 번창할 수 있었던 것은 도시적 편견의 파우스트적 경매였음을 명백하게 주장한다.


For miniaturization and multi-band application in modern microwave and wireless communication system, this article proposed a miniaturized triple-band quarter-wave open-circuit stub based on the simplified dual-composite right/left-handed transmission line (S-D-CRLH-TL) for the first time. The proposed S-D-CRLH-TL has been analyzed by the full wave simulator, and the simulated results prove that there are three frequency points with phase of -90-degree in the passbands, and this characteristic can be used to design triple-band quadrature microwave components. Then, the proposed novel triple-band quarter-wave open-circuit stub is fabricated and measured, the measured and simulated results are in good agreement, showing that the designed open-circuit stub operating at 2.29GHz, 2.92GHz and 3.89GHz respectively possess insertion loss -21.08dB, -36.4dB and -26.9dB. In comparison with the conventional design operating at 2.29GHz, this novel open-circuit stub not only realizes triple-band, but also has a 31% size reduction, which thanks to the special dispersion characteristics of S-D-CRLH.


Photocathode RF gun with cartridge-type cathode exchanging system produces high-brightness lowemittance subor femto second electron bunches. A cathode without breaking the vacuum of RF gun was replaced and a high quantum efficiency (QE) photocathode such as Ce2Te or Na2KSb was used. Using the photocathode LINAC system, the application for observation of physico-chemical reactions by pulse radiolysis system in a time-range of picoseconds and subpico seconds was investigated. The important factors for the fast radiation chemistry are the pulse length of the beam, the synchronization between beam and laser and the electro beam current. Na2KSb photocathode is the workable cathode and has been widely used for photomultipliers which can be driven by visible light. The workfunction of Na2KSb is 2.0 eV, which is the sum of the energy gap 1.0 eV and the electron affinity 1.0 eV. A Na2KSb photocathode was installed into RF cavity and the RF was aged. After aging for 12h, the UV light (266 nm ; third harmonic of Ti:Sa laser 800 nm) and 400nm visible light (second harmonic) were brought in the Na2KSb cathode. The maximal charge was 3.1 nC at 266 nm and 1.6 nC at 400 nm. The saturation of the beam current caused by space charge limit was observed. The saturation charge at 400 nm was half of that at 266 nm. The life time of the cathode was measured. The half life time of the cathode was 100h. The damping of the quantum efficiency occurred rapidly and it reached 1/5 after 280 h. The QE remained about 0.1% after 500 h.


Critical to the success of any business endeavor is the product and critical to the product is its design. This design must meet the customers' expectations while being manufacturable, thus ensuring its quality and price competitiveness. ISO 9000 recognizes the importance of the design phase and specifies its control. The design qualification process is an integrated one and combines a number of disciplines in an evolving process. The ISO 9000 document requires that a system of checks and balances be applied to assure process success; that is, a product that meets the customers' expectations. The following is one solution to the rigors of the process and compliance with the requirements. In practice, this solution would be documented to satisfy the ISO 9000 Design Control requirements.


1,2 Department of Applied Statistics, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow-226025, (India) ABSTRACT Generalized inverse Weibull distribution is widely used in the field of reliability and engineering for estimation of failure rate. The problem of stress-strength reliability model is studied through establishing the relationship among the parameters of the distributions related to stress and strength of the manufacturing items.Life testing models are inverse exponential distribution, inverse Rayliegh distribution and inverse Weibull distribution are specific cases of generalized inverse Weibull distribution. In this paper, itis considered that the stress follows generalized inverse Weibull distribution and strength follows a power function distribution.


Carol was admitted to the hospital because of bleeding into the anterior chamber of her left eye. She was told to lie perfectly straight and still in bed. She had to wear patches over both eyes, and her right eye was never to be uncovered. She was to have no visitors. Carol, whose home was a thousand miles away, was visiting her cousins and her grandparents when the bleeding began. She was extremely frightened, not only by this strange, new situation, but also by the hospital routines and the various tests. But more than anything else, she was afraid of being alone. I became Carol's friend and spent many hours with her. We talked of various subjects. I wrote letters for her and carried messages, but most of all, I listened. It is easy to forget that 14-year-olds have emotions, but they do. In the beginning, Carol needed prodding to tell me of her fears and ideas, but as we became friends a bond of trust and security developed, and she began to talk


Stomach contents of the Sebastes inermis species complex (Sebastes inermis, S. ventricosus and S. cheni ) captured in western Wakasa Bay, Sea of Japan were examined. The index of relative importance (IRI) was used for analyses. Dominant prey items of S. inermis captured by angling were shrimps (Macrura), and the following items ontogenetically changed from copepods to fish (Engraulis japonicus). Sebastes ventricosus captured by angling mainly preyed on shrimps, gammarids and mysids, and they ontogenetically changed from decapods to gammarids and mysids. S. cheni captured by angling preyed mainly shrimps and mysids, and they ontogenetically changed from shrimps to mysids with body size. Their stomach contents varied among months. Comparison of the three species caught by set nets indicates that S. cheni consumed fishes more than the other two species.


For understanding the influence of medium to long period waves on the dynamic response of ships, the hydrodynamic analysis of three typical moored container ships under wave interaction is carried out based on potential flow theory. The calculated and experimental results comparison shows that the numerical calculation is more suitable for simulation of long-period wave, as the dynamic response of ship is larger, but more accurate. For the larger ship, the peak response period of the mooring system usually reaches 100 s because the mooring stiffness is relatively small. With extended wave period, the ship motion response increases almost linearly. The symmetrical mooring arrangement and the similar mooring stiffness can effectively reduce the inhomogeneity of mooring forces. In addition, the ship motion and mooring force response can reach a minimum value at a special angle between ship and wave.


In this paper, we discussed fabrication and characteristics of layered polymeric OLED using water-soluble molecular and polymer with wet process for flexible display. We demonstrated the emission properties of OLEDs with the three-layered structure using water-soluble organic materials. The threshold voltage of an OLED with three-layered structure using water-soluble organic materials is lowered by 30% than that with two-layered structure.


Disclosed is a porous film with a separator used in the lithium ion secondary battery, a lithium ion secondary battery separator having a binder can contribute to the film smoothness and long term cycle characteristics of the separator. On the A organic separator, the porous film is being laminated, including a non-conductive particles and a binder, wherein the binder is (meth) monomer units and (meth) from acrylonitrile from acrylic acid ester copolymerization lithium ion secondary battery separator, wherein the comprise that made thereof, and a positive electrode, a negative electrode, electrolyte and a lithium ion secondary battery including the separator comprising a monomer unit. .BACKGROUND


This report represents preliminary results of a more extensive study which is presently being carried out in Israel. The main aims of this study were twofold: (1) to carry out a survey of the state of immunity of children of various ages and of teenagers to the three poliovirus types and (2) to compare the antibody response of the seronegatives to the two kinds of presently available poliovaccines, the oral poliovaccine (O. P. V., Savin Vaccine) and the inactivated poliovaccine (I. P. V., Salk Vaccine).


Carries out experimental study on the LSBLG17LB5 new semi-hermetic screw water chiller unit under different operating conditions,analyzes the feasibility of replacing R22 with R404A.


Iron deficiency anemia and anemia of chronic disease are relatively common manifestations of Crohn's disease. Autoimmune hemolytic anemia, however, is quite rare with few reported cases.

 To present a rare case of IgA-mediated warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia in Crohn's Disease.

 A chart review and literature search were performed in preparation of this case report.

 A 21-year-old male with a recent diagnosis of Crohn's disease on Vedolizumab presents to infusion clinic with generalized weakness, coke-colored urine and weight loss. Physical examination was remarkable for tachycardia and jaundice. Laboratory investigations revealed profound anemia with IgA-mediated DAT positivity. The patient remained admitted in hospital for a prolonged period. Bone marrow biopsy, CT imaging and infectious workup were negative. Vedolizumab was held and treatment with both high-dose corticosteroids and rituximab was required. Eventually, the anemia would stabilize and Vedolizumab was safely resumed as an outpatient.

 Here we report a both rare and challenging case of IgA-mediated DAT positive autoimmune hemolytic anemia in a patient with Crohn's disease who was successfully treated with corticosteroids and rituxumab.

 None


We indicated that the cause of hypoglycemia was not entirely resolved. Certainly, among the possibilities we cited, an abnormality in glucose metabolism due to reduced liver glucose-6-phosphatase should also be considered. We regret its omission. Indeed, all causes of hypoglycemia should receive consideration. We were most impressed with the leukemic infiltration of the organs and tissues noted at autopsy. Report by other workers suggesting that this could be an etiological factor1-3 and particularly the correlation between a reduction in the size of the spleen and an increase in blood sugar,4 prompted us to infer that the leukemic mass probably played a major role in the pathogenesis.


The results of numerical studies of heat and mass transfer during adiabatic evaporation of an aqueous solution of ethanol into an accelerated steam-air laminar boundary layer on a flat wetted plate are presented. The flow acceleration is realized due to the inclination of the upper channel wall, which ensures the constancy of the Kays acceleration parameter. The dependences of the evaporation intensity of the components of solutions of various compositions are obtained for the acceleration parameter 0 and 10-6 for the flow temperature from 20 to 50 °C. A significant effect of the accelerating pressure gradient on the evaporation intensity and its weak effect on the equilibrium wall temperature are shown.


Objective To investigate the therapeutic effect of long-term home oxygen therapy(LTOT) combined with tiotropium bromide in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in stable stage.Methods Totally 80 patients with COPD in stable stage were randomly divided into 2 groups,each group had 40 cases.The control group was treated with simple LTOT,and the observation group were treated with tiotropium bromide combined with LTOT.The re-hospitalization rate,the pulmonary function [FEV1、FEV1 / FVC(%) and FEV1(%) ],the exercise tolerance(6 minute walk distance,6-MWD) and the quality of life(SGRQ score) were measured after 1 year treatment.Results ① The re hospitalization rate of the observation group was 40%,and it was significantly lower than that of the control group(77.5%,χ2= 11.605,P 0.05);② After treatment,the FEV1,FEV1 / FVC(%) and FEV1(%) of two groups were significantly improved,and those of the observation group were higher than those of the control group(P 0.05);③ After treatment,the 6MWD of two groups were increased,and it of the observation group was higher than that of the control group(P 0.05);④ After treatment,the SGRQ score of two groups were decreased,and it of the observation group was higher than that of the control group(P 0.05).Conclusion The combination therapy of LTOT and tiotropium bromide can obviously improve the lung function,exercise tolerance and quality of life of COPD patients in stable stage,and can reduce the rate of re-hospitalization.


It is the objective need and inevitable choice for local colleges to cultivate interdisciplinary and applied talents.This paper takes Beijing Technology and Business University as an Example and discusses on the establishment of interdisciplinary and applied talent cultivation mode in local colleges to cater to regional economy and develop characteristics.


In this article, we examine the transient response of a co-current double-pipe heat exchanger with respect to the inlet temperature change. For this investigation, a method whose main feature is analytical solution of the energy equation for one element of the heat exchanger is developed. The governing equations are linearized with respect to space and time in one element, and the temperature distribution for the element is obtained. Finally, the obtained temperature distribution for one element is utilized numerically for the whole length of the heat exchanger. Various boundary conditions (ramp, exponential, and sinusoidal) are applied, and the responses are investigated with respect to various parameters. A comparison of the results with data from previous studies shows that the method applied in this article is capable of predicting transient behavior accurately. In addition, because the energy equation is solved analytically, the present method has higher accuracy than those previously utilized, and the calculation time declines noticeably.


A well-established judiciary ensures a conducive environment for economic growth; relations between legal fraternity and investment have been interlinked, if there is no stable judiciary political miser ability, loopholes in securitymatters, law and order scenario, and energy situation shall be in a worse position. On the contrary, an efficient judiciary shall safeguard and protect the confidentiality of the business class in the country. For the smooth functioning of the economic sector property rights,contracts, and non-discriminatory behaviour on the part of the government ensures economic growth, investors always fear fake accountability and threatening situation in the country.


Such as by providing answers provide services to facilitate interaction between a user and supplies a reply to the questions of the user and the other users supplying the question, only to promote the production of useful content based on user interaction not, the techniques also facilitates the use of generated content in a variety of methods are described. In some situations, the user, in a variety of ways, including assessing and using expertise level of the user in such manner that compares the one or more categories with other users, using the answers provided service interaction against to participate in, the incentive is given. For example, a user with the highest level of expertise and participation past, assigned to at least some of such user one or more of the incentive level was raised, then the user with such lifted status in a variety of ways, including providing additional benefits of the different types, with respect to continue to participate in the system, it is possible incentive is given.


In this essay, I closely examine the role of the screening criterion in the Howard-Snyders' thought experiment. Jove's use of a screening criterion plays a crucial role in preserving his moral status. It allows him to take significantly less moral risk in selecting a world for creation. It also helps him resolve the problem of moral luck in his favor. However, it is plausible that a highest screening criterion may not exist, and that for a given screening criterion, a higher one may exist. If this is the case, then Jove faces an infinite regress in selecting a screening criterion, making it impossible for him to use the randomizer.


: In sensor array processing literature, near-field bearing and range estimation algorithms generally use spherical wavefront to model only array sensors' phase response (sometimes with Fresnel approximation) and assume equality in amplitude response. Ignoring the range dependent amplitudes, though facilitating the algorithmic development, will cause systematic estimation errors due to model mismatch. By taking the spherical wavefront amplitude into account, a new bearing and range estimation algorithm for locating multiple near-field sinusoid sources is presented. With the estimation of the near- field sensor array's response vector, closed-form formulas for bearing and range estimates are derived from its magnitude, or phase, or both. The problem of estimation ambiguity is discussed as well. Cramér-Rao bound is also derived to serve as a benchmark for performance study.


Brassinosteroids (BRs) are a group of bioactive steroid molecules that act as plant hormones. Brassinosteroid signaling is monitored by the plasma membrane (PM)-bound receptor BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE1 (BRI1), a leucine-rich repeat (LRR) receptor-like kinase (RLK) (Belkhadir & Jaillais, 2015). Binding of BRs to the extracellular domain of BRI1 initiates an intracellular signal cascade response which is rapidly transmitted to the nucleus ultimately resulting in transcription of BR-responsive genes (Jaillais & Vert, 2016). Brassinosteroid responsive genes ultimately help to control various aspects of plant growth and development, including root development, cell division, vascular patterning, organ boundary development, stress response and pathogen defense (Nakashita et al., 2003; Yamamoto et al., 2007; Gonzalez-Garcia et al., 2011; Gendron et al., 2012; Bekh-Ochir et al., 2013). This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


To date, tremendous efforts of the battery community are devoted to batteries that employ Li+, Na+, and K+ as charge carriers and nonaqueous electrolytes. However, aqueous batteries hold great promise for stationary energy storage due to their inherent low cost and high safety. Among metal batteries that use aqueous electrolytes, zinc metal batteries are the focus of attention. In this study, iron as an anode candidate in aqueous batteries is investigated because iron is undoubtedly the most earth‐abundant and cost‐effective metal anode. Reversible iron plating/stripping in a FeSO4 electrolyte is demonstrated on the anode side and reversible topotactic (de)insertion of Fe2+ in a Prussian blue analogue cathode is showcased. Furthermore, it is revealed that LiFePO4 can pair up with the iron metal anode in a hybrid cell, delivering stable performance as well.


This paper reports on the construction of an interactive image management system. The system's operation is improved by image processing techniques and parallel processing technology. Although image processing is largely a well understood problem, the technology for supporting it is still immature. Basically, it is a highly computationally intensive activity, and the purpose of our project was to address this very problem using parallel processing technology in the form of transputers. More specifically, we will describe the use of a transputer network in the development of an image database consisting of a collection of historical museum photographs. During the first phase of the project, we developed a prototype system consisting of a small number of photographs using a simple hardware configuration. It made use of the hard disk of the PC to store the photographs and was implemented using a single transputer. During the second phase, the full hardware configuration was implemented, including the building up of the database of around 1,000 photographs. The final system consists of an IBM-compatible PC equipped with the necessary image processing and mass storage facilities (650 Mb hard disk) and linked to a network of six transputers. The user interface is provided through a serial mouse and a keyword menu. Users are able to retrieve images in three different modes: (i) a predefined keyword list, which is arranged in a hierarchical fashion to select images relating to a particular subject or geographical area; (ii) the Browse mode allows the user to display a set of up to twelve photographs in miniature 'stub' format at one go (this is similar to the turning of the pages of an album). Individual items can then be selected and displayed in full size, if necessary; (iii) if the museum reference number is known, the user can type in the number to retrieve the relevant item. Section 1 will provide a brief review of the background to the project and the use of transputer technology in image processing. The selection and documentation of the photographs are described in Section 2. Section 3 describes the hardware and software configuration of the single-transputer-based prototype, and the full image database system implemented on a network of transputers. The organisation of the database, both textual and image data, is explained in Section 4. This is followed by a description of the processing techniques for image enhancement and compression, and a discussion of the results of both compression and decompression processes. The final section will discuss the menu-based, mouse-driven user interface, including the various search facilities and display modes used to view images from the database.


The article reveals the problematic issues of countering domestic violence in the Russian Federation. The authors analyze the regulatory framework for the prevention of domestic violence, based on the changes provided for by Federal Law No. 8-FZ dated 07.02.2017 «On Amendments to Article 116 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation,» according to which, from the disposition of Article 116 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation criminal liability for beating close persons was excluded, and beatings against loved ones, as well as those committed out of personal hostility, passed into the category of an administrative offense provided for in Article 6.1.1. Of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation, as well as a number of practical problems arising in law enforcement practice when implementing Article 6.1.1 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation, conclusions are drawn about the need to develop a uniform practice in the course of implementing the norms of Article 6.1.1. Also, the article analyzes and examines the statistical data of the Judicial Department at the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation, which show an increase in the number of offenses in this area. Based on the analysis, the authors draw conclusions and recommendations for improving the legal regulation in the field of countering domestic violence in the Russian Federation.


This article deals with the pedagogical system of building the information culture of senior pupils. The authors draw attention to the fact that there is a necessity to form the pedagogical system during the education process. The process of building the information culture of senior pupils is considered from the position of a value basis.


Herrick Archives Building 023 A. IDENTIFICATION & LOCATION 1. Name 1.1 Never officially named by Board of Trustees action. 1.2 Alternate names noted: Built as "Farm Barn and Implement Storage Building" Waterman Barn Dairy Barn Project, Waterman Site Waterman Dairy Barn Dairy Herd Barn [See Addendum No. 2] 2. Location 2.1 Located at 2491 Carmack Road. (Formerly listed at 1110 West Lane Avenue.) See map below. 2.2 For greater detail, see Sheet 39 in the book of campus maps in the University Archives.


Dystonia is a disabling disorder for which, in the majority of cases, no curative treatment is available. Current treatment consists of medication, botulinum toxin injections and deep brain stimulation (DBS), which all have limitations. The therapeutic effect of medication is often limited and sedating side-effects frequently occur. Botulinum toxin is restricted to focal dystonias, and certain forms of dystonia, e.g. antecollis, are typically difficult to treat due to side-effects (e.g. dyspnea). DBS can be highly effective in (primary) dystonia but there is large heterogeneity in response rates [1] and, especially during implantation, there is a risk of serious side-effects. For these reasons, there is still an unmet challenge in the treatment of dystonia. In their review, Erro et al. [2] provide a comprehensive update on non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) in dystonia. Although they correctly state that none of the available NIBS strategies should yet be considered as a treatment, the experimental data derived from NIBS studies are invaluable for the further understanding and treatment of dystonia. More specifically, NIBS might act in synergy with invasive brain stimulation, i.e. DBS, especially as the effect sizes of the published NIBS studies are substantially lower than those of DBS in dystonia [3]. One of the key limitations of DBS in dystonia is that its effect, especially on the non-mobile parts, only occurs after weeks or months, with large interindividual differences [1]. It is not yet possible to predict which patients will develop a sufficient clinical response. This makes it difficult to decide in which patients stimulation parameters should be changed during the titration period and in which patients time will do its work. Several approaches are available to circumvent this by systematically evaluating the effect of DBS on all electrodes [4]. These approaches not only violate the precision of spatial targeting within the internal part of the globus pallidus (GPi) but also the natural temporal course of improvement of symptoms. For these reasons it would be especially useful if neurophysiological biomarkers preceding clinical improvement would become available. Recent work on NIBS in patients with dystonia treated with DBS indicates that the electrophysiological responses elicited by transcranial magnetic stimulation changed after the implantation and activation of DBS but before a clinical effect is present [5]. This is especially the case for the paired associative stimulation (PAS) motor evoked potential amplitude, which dramatically drops as early as 1 month after the activation of GPi DBS in patients with dystonia. The evoked response to PAS (in this case virtually simultaneous median nerve and contralateral motor cortex stimulation) is a measure of cortical plasticity and is increased in dystonia [6]. However, although PAS clearly changes after the application of GPi DBS, it is not yet established whether a critical change in PAS evoked responses needs to be achieved in order to establish a clinical effect and whether it can predict clinical efficacy. This is probably due to the small number of subjects and the response rate of 50% clinical improvement in all subjects in the only report on early changes in PAS evoked responses after GPi DBS in dystonia [5]. Nevertheless, the robustness of the decrease in PAS evoked responses 1 month after DBS activation (about 65% 9%) shows that NIBS might be developed into a biomarker that is predictive for the success of GPi DBS in dystonia. In line with this, pre-surgical PAS evoked response values might also predict GPi DBS efficacy and play a role in deciding which patients are likely to benefit from DBS, e.g. in patients with acquired forms of dystonia who generally have a less favorable response to DBS. This might be the case not only for PAS evoked responses but also for other NIBS parameters, such as short-latency intracortical inhibition, that are also disturbed in dystonia [7]. Finally, although the simultaneous application of transcranial magnetic stimulation and DBS is considered safe [8], it should be noted that this approach needs to be applied with care.


The issue of how to assess learning is addressed in the context of an investigation of student understanding of the work-energy and impulse-momentum theorems. Evidence is presented that conceptual and reasoning difficulties with this material extend from the introductory to the graduate level and beyond. A description is given of the development of an instructional sequence designed to help students improve their ability to apply the theorems to real motions. The results from this study demonstrate the need to prove for the reasons behind the answers that students give. Questions that require students to explain their reasoning are necessary. Implications for the preparation of teaching assistants are discussed.


The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of fertilization,Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and basal diameter of ortets on numbers with growth parameters of new bamboo ramet of Dendrocalamus brandisii,one-year-old D.brandisii bamboo seedling buried culms was selected as the test material.Different amounts of compound fertilizer,solution concentrations of B.amyloliquefaciens B9601-Y2 and basal diameter of ortets were trail factors and levels.The U12(6×32) mixed-level uniform design was applied to implement experiment of seedling proliferation in order to increase transplanted stocks.The results showed that(1) the fertilizer was significantly influenced the ramet numbers and their heights(P=0.0020.01,P=0.0440.05);(2) there were significant differences of ortet survival rate and ramet numbers(P=0.0300.05,P=0.0240.05) between solution concentrations of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens B9601-Y2;(3) basal diameters of ortets were significantly influenced the basal diameter,height and ramet numbers(P=0.0090.01,P=0.0290.05,P=0.0420.05).The optimal treated combination was A4B3C2,i.e.,compound fertilizer 150 g/ortet with 6.4×106 cfu/mL of B9601-Y2 B.amyloliquefaciens solution to treat one-year-old and 2~3 basal diameter culms of the ortets,which with the mean survival percent,basal diameter and height of the ramet were 100.0%,4.9 ramet/ortet,3.8cm and 4.5m,respectively.


A new method to simulate flows past a two-dimensional porous plate is proposed. The method is a simple application of a discrete vortex method which has been well established for flows past an inclined flat plate. In this method, a flow past a porous plate is described as superposition of the velocity potential of a uniform flow on that of a flow past a flat plate. The effect of porosity is replaced by that of a mass flow rate of the approaching freestream passing through the plate. Calculated flow features are compared with experiments. It is shown that the present method is effective in the simulation of the flow past a porous plate.


O ver the next year I would like to devote a few articles in The American Surveyor to the defenses that may be available to a land surveyor when someone sees fit to allege some wrong on that surveyor's part. The first rule, however, when you first hear of a threat of litigation, or when the sheriff hands you a subpoena summoning you to appear in court on account of an alleged faulty survey, is to immediately notify your liability insurance carrier and your attorney. There could be many defenses that could be pled on behalf of the surveyor; this article addresses two of those defenses: the statute of limitations and the statute of repose. The one caveat that I must first express, as with all of my discussions on the law, is that you, the reader, must always take into account the law of the jurisdiction where your survey work is being performed. This being the case, many of the issues that I write about must therefore be in somewhat general terms.


<italic>Objective:</italic> Intra-interventional respiratory motion estimation is becoming a vital component in modern radiation therapy delivery or high intensity focused ultrasound systems. The treatment quality could tremendously benefit from more accurate dose delivery using real-time motion tracking based on magnetic-resonance (MR) or ultrasound (US) imaging techniques. However, current practice often relies on indirect measurements of external breathing indicators, which has an inherently limited accuracy. In this work, we present a new approach that is applicable to challenging real-time capable imaging modalities like MR-Linac scanners and 3D-US by employing contrast-invariant feature descriptors. <italic>Methods:</italic> We combine GPU-accelerated image-based realtime tracking of sparsely distributed feature points and a dense patient-specific motion-model for regularisation and sparse-to-dense interpolation within a unified optimization framework. <italic>Results:</italic> We achieve highly accurate motion predictions with landmark errors of <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\approx$</tex-math></inline-formula>1 mm for MRI (and <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\approx$</tex-math></inline-formula>2 mm for US) and substantial improvements over classical template tracking strategies. <italic>Conclusion:</italic> Our technique can model physiological respiratory motion more realistically and deals particularly well with the sliding of lungs against the rib cage. <italic>Significance:</italic> Our model-based sparse-to-dense image registration approach allows for accurate and realtime respiratory motion tracking in image-guided interventions.


We discuss an extension of the minimal supersymmetric standard model with five generations of matter superfields. The extra generations are assumed to form a generation--mirror-generation pair (the fourth and antifourth generations) enabling the extra fermions to have $\mathrm{SU}{(2)}_{L}\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}\mathrm{U}{(1)}_{Y}$-invariant masses. Because of the contribution of the extra generations, all three running gauge couplings of $\mathrm{SU}{(3)}_{C}\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}\mathrm{SU}{(2)}_{L}\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}\mathrm{U}{(1)}_{Y}$ become asymptotically nonfree while preserving gauge coupling unification at the grand unified theory (GUT) scale. We show that, due to the asymptotically nonfree character of the gauge couplings, (1) the top and bottom Yukawa couplings are strongly focused onto infrared fixed points as they are evolved down in scale making their values at $\ensuremath{\mu}{=M}_{Z}$ insensitive to their initial values at $\ensuremath{\mu}{=M}_{\mathrm{GUT}},$ (2) the model predicts ${R}_{b\ensuremath{\tau}}{(M}_{Z})\ensuremath{\equiv}{Y}_{b}{/Y}_{\ensuremath{\tau}}{|}_{\ensuremath{\mu}{=M}_{Z}}\ensuremath{\approx}1.8$, which is consistent with the experimental value provided we take the ratio of Yukawa couplings at the GUT scale to be ${R}_{b\ensuremath{\tau}}{(M}_{\mathrm{GUT}}{)=Y}_{b}{/Y}_{\ensuremath{\tau}}{|}_{\ensuremath{\mu}{=M}_{\mathrm{GUT}}}=1/3$, and (3) the $t$ mass prediction comes out to be ${m}_{t}$\ensuremath{\approx}180 GeV which is also consistent with experiment.


This work is the second volume in a three-volume collection of the late Professor Patricia Crone's collected studies. They have been organized according to the subject matter and the volume under r...


The utility model relates to a steel scrap preheating device for horizontal continuous feeding of steelmaking electric-arc furnace, comprising a trolley vibration charging device (2) for continuous feeding into the electric-arc furnace (1), a channel for scrap preheating (3), a pipeline (5) for exhausting flue gas, a device (6) for adjusting the flux of flue gas, a box-type hydraulic device (9) for feeding scrap, a device (10) for driving channel. The utility model is characterized in that the feeding device (9) is arranged above the tail of the channel and communicated with the channel, the pipeline (5) which is provided with the adjusting device (6) is communicated with a water cooled feed trough (4) in the channel, the channel driving device (10) is arranged on the back-end of the channel (3), the water cooled feed trough (4) has double sidewall. The high temperature flue gas in the furnace flows into the channel and through the water cooled feed trough (4) from top to bottom to preheat the steel scrap. The utility model has the advantages of simple structure, small occupy area, few investment, short construction period, high preheating temperature of steel scrap and convenience of operation. With the improvement of the present steel scrap preheating device for horizontal continuous feeding of steelmaking electric-arc furnace, 65 to 100kwh power will be saved when produce one ton steel.


We introduce a new methodology that enables detection of the onset of convergence towards Nash equilibria in simple repeated games with infinitely large strategy spaces, thereby revealing the heuristics used in decision-making. The method works by constraining on a special finite subset of strategies. We illustrate how the method can predict (at certain special times) participants' actions with a high success rate in a series of experiments.


Academic design methods appear not to adapt to industrial design activities. Methods originating in industry are naturally adapted to the problem but their completeness and reliability are questionable. In this paper the way methods originating in industry are linked to design problems is analysed by the study of seven successful solution developments in industry. The definition of a method comprising alternative sub-methods and the conditions in which they are useful increases the flexibility of the method to adapt to different design situations. Fundamental characteristics of problem conditions that define the usability conditions of methods and sub-methods are presented.


We present an extension of the ACT-R model by Taatgen and Anderson (2002) of learning the English past tense that can take into account the production of irregularization errors. These errors are produced by using examples of irregular verbs as the basis for analogy. The relative rareness of irregularization errors puts constraints on the rule generalization process. The model explains this by the fact that the probability for a particular irregularization is too low to establish a rule.


Should cosmetics be no more than materials for personal adornment or ought they to be medicaments which in some way actually improve or alter the skin? In a purely semantic sense the answer is easy. A cosmetic is by definition a material for adornment; any product for which more is claimed ought to be described as a medicament. Under the British Medicines Act of 1968, (1, 2) for example, exemption from licensing as medicinal products is given to 'cosmetics' which are defined as 'any substance or preparation intended to be applied to the various surfaces of the human body including epidermis, pilary system and hair, nails, lips and external genital organs, or the teeth and buccal mucosa wholly or mainly for the purpose of perfuming them, cleansing them, protecting them, caring for them or keeping them in condition, modifying their appearance (whether for aesthetic purpose or otherwise) or combating body odours or normal body perspiration'. Such definitions do little or nothing to solve the problem of cosmetic scientists, which is to meet the demand of consumers, admittedly encouraged by the writers of advertizing copy, for cosmetics and toiletries which are charms against ageing, the ravages of the environment, rejection by the opposite sex and spasmodic depression. The dilemma has now become acute. On the one hand, the pressures of consumerism as well as the requirements of legislation demand that curative or remedial claims must be justifiable. On the other hand, paradoxically, the possibility that advances in skin biology may indeed come up with some of the sought-after magic makes it even more urgent for the cosmetic industry to examine its philosophy, if not its conscience. The overriding problem is that the physiological objectives of cosmetology remain largely undefined. Dermatology is concerned with the restoration of pathological skin to normality. But how can normal skin be improved? In what ways can it be made more 'beautiful' or more 'healthy'? If beauty is scientifically indefinable, it can be characterized in behavioural, sociological and cultural terms. The idea of beauty springs from the fact that the skin, especially that of the face, is concerned with communication (3). The eyes, eyelids and eyebrows, in particular, transmit signals for sexual and other social purposes which are more direct and primitive than speech. The observation that some monkeys display imitations of their coloured genitalia on their chests and faces suggests that the red margins of the human lips, mimicking the labia, and the human breasts, mimicking the buttocks, may both the releasers of sexual interest. The purpose of cosmetics such as eye make-up and lipstick is to create a hyperstimulus, just as the cleavage furrow between the breasts can be accentuated by approximating them with a brassitre. Even the base colour of the face has a social message. For at least four thousand years European and Mediterranean ladies paraded white facial skin to show that their social status did not require them to work in the open air. Only in the last century has the freedom of women to engage publicly in sports and the cult of the beach holiday brought darker shades into favour.


This paper presents the design of a compact size, passive, W to K band subharmonic mixer with post-wall waveguide (substrate integrated waveguide) RF input interface. The mixer is based on a silica-glass structure where the post-wall waveguide and microstrip line are on separate substrates. This configuration maximizes the performance as the substrate thicknesses can be separately optimized for the lowest loss and mono-mode operation. Integration of different types of guiding structures also allows realization of e.g., millimetre-wave waveguide filters and microstrip circuits in a single structure, while preserving low-cost, low-weight and compact size. Furthermore, post-wall waveguides can be easily interfaced with conventional rectangular waveguides, as demonstrated in the paper, which simplifies millimeter-wave circuit packaging and eventual system integration. Design methodology of the mixer and transition circuits as well as measurements are presented. Minimum conversion loss of 19.6 dB was achieved at 86 GHz with 13.7 dBm/32.4 GHz LO signal. The presented design would be suitable for the future W-band cellular, radar, or satellite communication systems.


In modern software implementations of artificial neural networks the approach inspired by biology has more or less been abandoned for a more practical approach based on statistics and signal processing. In some of these systems, neural networks, or parts of neural networks (such as artificial neurons), are used as components in larger systems that combine both adaptive and non-adaptive elements. There are many problems which are solved with neural networks, especially in business and economic domains.


[Objective] The purpose was to study the situation of wind power resources of Yanshan Lake area in Chaoyang County of Liaoning province.[Method] The wind-measuring tower was set up on April,2006.The wind direction and velocity at the heights of 10,30 and 60 m were measured during 1 year.Parameters of wind power resources were calculated and analyzed in detail to evaluate the wind power resources of Yanshan Lake area in Chaoyang County.[Result] The corrected annual average wind velocities of Yanshan Lake wind power field at the tower heights of 60,30 and 10 m were 4.7,4.2 and 3.8 m/s resp,and the annual and monthly average wind velocities increased along with the increment of height.Yanshan Lake wind power field took WSW wind as dominant wind direction,with occurrence frequency of 13%;the next was NW wind with occurrence frequency of 10%~12%,and the wind leaning to S was dominant energy wind direction.The occurrence frequency of wind velocity of 3 m/s was highest at tower height of 60 m,and that of wind velocity of 2 m/s was highest at tower height of 30 and 10 m.All the wind velocity changes of each gradient were shown as single peak type,with maximum wind velocity at 10:00~20:00 and minimum wind velocity at 4:00~8:00.The measured effective wind power hours of 3~25 m/s at tower height of 60 m was over 5 151 h,with annual average density of wind power being over 140 W/m2.[Conclusion] The wind power resources of Yanshan Lake area was richer and suitable to build wind power field,and had some value in exploitation and use.


The paper presents the three years results of ground flora at plot II of cross-border monitoring at Fruska gora. The floristic analysis determined 14 plant species that were classified into 11 families. The most numerous family by number of species is Poaceae. The hemicryptophytic character of the ground flora was determined by the analysis of the biological spectrum. The results of phytogeographic analysis showed the largest share of species from the sub-Mediterranean group of floral elements.


A simple law of growth is formulated. It links growth trajectories with the driving force and thus furnished an easy way to study and interpret the mechanisms of growth. The application of this law is illustrated by examples.


Abstract : The long term goal of this work is to develop a numerical model for studying acoustic propagation in range and depth dependent shallow water environments, with inclusion of bottom effects. In this project, simplified two dimensional models, both analytical and numerical, were developed to study the effect of complex (rigid) bottom topography on the acoustic propagation in an otherwise homogeneous water column. In both cases, a Boundary Integral Equation approach was used. Matching was specified along interface boundaries between the solution in the interior region, with irregular topography, and exterior constant depth radiation regions. Eigenfunction expansions of the solution were used in radiation region. Results were obtained for simple obstacles in an otherwise flat bottom (steps, rectangular obstacles, plus plane slopes and wedges). Using an impedance transfer matrix, the method can also solve problems for an arbitrary combination of steps and wedges.


Chiral azetidines (I) react with isocyanates or isothiocyanates to form the corresponding urea intermediates, which undergo a completely regio- and stereoselective ring opening reaction to furnish oxazoles (IV) or thiazoles (VI).