This thesis is the result o-f research carried out in the area o-f computer aided process planning (CAPP) . The research -focused on the use of a micro computer to aid the process engineer in the development of process plans. The use of a micro computer was an important consideration since it allows for a more wide spread use by todays industries. A procedure to adequately describe the component in terms of shapes to be removed was developed which would allow the system to optimize the machine tool selection procedure. The research focused on the selection of machines and the generation of cutting parameters to aid the process engineer by speeding up the arithematic and heuristic procedures required for the generation of process plans. The procedure allows the system to select machines based on the operations determined by the system, generate the cutting parameters and rank each alternative for selection by the process engineer. The alternatives were ranked according to minimum cost or maximum production rate. As a result of this research, it has been determined that micro—computers can be effectively used to aid the process engineer in the development of process plans in smaller machine shop environments.


➤ Femoral neck stress fractures (FNSFs) are an infrequent condition in athletic and military populations.➤ A high index of suspicion with liberal use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is vital for early recognition and treatment initiation.➤ An associated hip effusion on MRI is a risk factor for an evolving stress injury and requires close assessment and consideration for repeat MRI.➤ Stress reactions and stable, incomplete FNSFs (<50% of femoral neck width) can be treated nonsurgically.➤ Surgical intervention is accepted for high-risk, incomplete (≥50% of femoral neck width), and complete FNSFs.➤ Overall, there is a paucity of high-quality literature on the rates of return to activity following FNSF.


Objective To evaluate the acid-fast staining of digestive juice processed specimen in improving the detection rate of mycobacterium tuberculosis.Methods Taking the positive samples detected by BACTEC MGIT 960 as a reference,the acid-fast stainingof digestive juice processed specimen was compared to the direct smear and the L-J cultured method,and then the detection results of positive rate were evaluated.Results 635 positive samples were detected by the MGIT 960.The positive detective rate of digestive juice processed samples was 48.03%(305/635),62.20% of direct smear(395/635),and 87.55% of L-J cultured method(556/635).There was no significant difference of positive detective rate between the digestive juice processed samples and direct smear(X2=136.327,P=0.000),but it showed a significant difference between the digestive juice processed samples and L-J cultured method(X2=23.039,P=0.000).Conclusion The acid-fast staining of digestive juice processed specimen has no advantage to direct smear and L-J cultured method.The acid-fast staining of direct smear is a simple and rapid method in the discovery of tuberculosis,and the L-J cultured method has a relatively higher positive detective rate though it takes a little longer time.


The study utilizes the energy-flux-vector method to analyze the heat transfer characteristics of natural convection in a wavy-wall porous square cavity with a partially-heated bottom surface. The effects of the modified Darcy number, modified Rayleigh number, modified Prandtl number, and length of the partially-heated bottom surface on the energy-flux-vector distribution and mean Nusselt number are examined. The results show that when a low modified Darcy number with any value of modified Rayleigh number is given, the recirculation regions are not formed in the energy-flux-vector distribution within the porous cavity. Therefore, a low mean Nusselt number is presented. The recirculation regions do still not form, and thus the mean Nusselt number has a low value when a low modified Darcy number with a high modified Rayleigh number is given. However, when the values of the modified Darcy number and modified Rayleigh number are high, the energy flux vectors generate recirculation regions, and thus a high mean Nusselt number is obtained. In addition, in a convection-dominated region, the mean Nusselt number increases with an increasing modified Prandtl number. Furthermore, as the length of the partially-heated bottom surface lengthens, a higher mean Nusselt number is presented.


VIPRE (Versatile Internals and Component Program for Reactors; EPRI) has been developed for nuclear power utility thermal-hydraulic analysis applications. It is designed to help evaluate nuclear-reactor-core safety limits including minimum departure from nucleate boiling ratio (MDNBR), critical power ratio (CPR), fuel and clad temperatures, and coolant state in normal operation and assumed accident conditions. This is Volume 3, the Programmer's Manual. It explains the codes' structures and the computer interfaces.


ABSTRACT The nickel-base superalloys have significant usage in aviation, aerospace and other modern industries owing to its valuable engineering properties, which include good corrosion, creep resistance, high strength and elevated temperature resistance. However, its machinability faces extreme difficulty due to inherent characteristics. In this study, one such attempt has been made to enhance the machinability of the specific nickel-base superalloy i.e. Inconel 718 by using eco-benign cooling approaches, i.e., dry and atomized spray cutting fluid system (vegetable oil with graphite + molybdenum disulfide). A set of turning experiments with ceramic inserts were performed on different combinations of cutting parameters under dry and atomized spray cutting fluid conditions. The important machining indices such as tool wear, surface topography, power consumption, machine vibrations, machining cost, and chip morphology were evaluated subsequently with respect to these two cooling conditions. The overall results reveal that the atomized spray cutting fluid technique can be considered as an alternative cooling technique toward the enhancement of the sustainable machinability compared to dry machining.


Osler–Weber–Rendu disease or Hereditary Haemorrhagic Telangiectasia (HHT) is a rare dominantly inherited disease that affects 2.5–19.4 per 100,000 people (Kjeldsen et al. 1999). It is an autosomal dominant disorder composed by five genetic mutations, although 80% of the patients are affected by mutations of ENG and ACVRL1 genes (Wain et al. 2012; Inocêncio et al. 2013). The Curacao diagnostic criteria include: recurrent spontaneous epistaxis, mucocutaneous telangiectases, visceral telangiectases or arteriovenous malformations (AVMs); or an affected firstdegree relative with HHT (Shovlin et al. 2000). The most frequent symptoms are nasal telangiectasia with nose bleeding (90%), mucocutaneous telangiectases (80%), pulmonary arteriovenous malformation (AVMs) 50% and hepatic AVMs (30%) (Begbie et al. 2003; Govani and Shovlin 2009). The impairment of the brain is rare, affecting 10% of the HHT patients (Govani and Shovlin 2009). Life-threatening haemorrhage, stroke, heart failure and death can occur in untreated AVMs (de Gussem et al. 2014). Pregnancy, a period characterised by vasodilatation, has been related with worsening of symptoms such as increased frequency of epistaxis, increased number of telangiectases, anaemia requiring iron supplementation and preeclampsia (Shovlin et al. 2008; de Gussem et al. 2014). Furthermore, pregnancy is as high-risk period for severe complications mainly during third trimester and postpartum (de Gussem et al. 2014). Massive haemoptysis, spontaneous haemothorax, stroke and death have been reported (de Gussem et al. 2014). Below we describe a case of HHT diagnosis during pregnancy with lungs and brain involvement.


abstract:"Femme" as an identity construct and a theoretical frame of reference has historically been conceptualized with trans*femme individuals on the margins, if at all included. This theoretical analysis centers trans*femme identity in the negotiation of a comprehensive conceptualization of femme—proposing an initial framework for trans*femme theory. It is argued that gender from the femme and trans*femme frame of reference is a biopsychosocial phenomenon, which is fluid, inclusive, and vulnerable to change. Additionally, the ways that femme, as discussed here, extends the boundaries of feminist and queer theory is explored. Lastly, an analysis of femme identity framed as a counter-culture is discussed in concluding remarks.


A real-time digital phase demodulation scheme is developed. This scheme, based on cos -1 and channel-choosing
techniques, uses the two optical outputs from a 3×3 coupler to overcome the signal fading problem of fiber
interferometer.


We discuss solutions of the minimum energy problem in one dimensional wireless sensor networks for the data transmission cost function $E(x_i,x_j) = d(x_i,x_j)^a + \lambda \;d(x_i,x_j)^b$ with any exponent $a,b\in R$ and $\lambda \geq 0$, where $d(x_i,x_j)$ is a distance between transmitter and receiver. We define the minimum energy problem in terms of sensors signal power, transmission time and capacities of a transmission channels. We prove, that for the point-to-point data transmission method utilized by the sensors in the physical layer, when the transmitter adjust the power of its radio signal to the distance to the receiver, the solutions of the minimum energy problem written in terms of data transmission cost function and in terms of the sensors signal power coincide.


Formulation and characterization of taste masked oral suspension of Mefenamic acid and Paracetamol by ion exchange resin method. The pediatric Population are most sensitive for the bad taste of medicaments. And pediatric are also unable to take tablets and capsule easily. So, taste mask suspension play an important role in the pediatric health. Because it is liquid form to take by children's in easily manner. In the present work, aimed to prepare taste masked oral suspension of Mefenamic acid and Paracetamol. In this formulation, itwas observed that bitter taste of suspension due to the Mefenamic acid drug. So, object was mask the taste by complexation ofMefenamic acid and ion exchange resin (IER) polymers. In this method, Seven formulations were developed by using two different types of ion exchange resin polymers Kyron T-134 and Doshion 544P in different ratio such as (1:1, 1:2, 1:3) respectively.. Here formulation F1 use as a reference formulation because it's not contain any ion exchange resin polymer. F2-F4 were prepare by Kyron T-134 and formulation. F5-F7 were prepare by Doshion 544P. Hence, in the final results, F7 gives the % drug release and assay were (99.98, 99.95) and (99.989, 99.980) of Mefenamic acid and Paracetamol. That's by F7 Formulation was acceptable and other all physical and chemical parameters alsosatisfactory.


In this issue of the journal, Sturup and Lindqvist help fill the void of data on the factors associated with serious recidivism, with their report on violent recidivism in a cohort of 174 people convicted of homicide in Sweden during the decade 1971–1980 (Sturup and Lindqvist, 2014). Twenty-two (13%) of these offenders had a psychotic illness and five (3%) had committed a previous homicide. One hundred and fifty-three were followed after the index homicide for an average of over 21 years, during which time 15 committed further serious offences, including five homicides. Only one of the recidivist homicide offenders had a diagnosed psychotic illness; the remaining nine members of the cohort who had committed earlier or later homicides had been diagnosed with personality disorder. However, five of the 15 serious recidivists suffered from psychosis, which was the only clinical factor that was significantly associated with repeat offending. In a previous issue of the journal we reported a 30-year retrospective study of homicide offenders with schizophrenia from the Chuvash Republic of the Russian Federation between 1981 and 2010 (Golenkov et al., 2013). We found that 16 (11%) of the 149 homicide offenders with schizophrenia had committed a previous homicide. We found some possible risk factors – living in a rural area and dissocial personality traits – but a limitation of the study was that we were not able to examine whether homicide offenders with schizophrenia were more likely to commit a second homicide than other homicide offenders. It is widely believed that schizophrenia is a risk factor for homicide recidivism. Although this may well be true, the assumption is largely on the basis of the findings of a single study from Finland with a small number of cases. The Finnish study found that four of the 93 (4%) homicide offenders with a diagnosis of


Abstract In this work, the effect of migration of two polymers, namely polyethylene oxide (PEO) and sodium carboxymethyle cellulose (CMC) with concentrations of 2, 4 and 6 g/L on improvement of a clay soil, is investigated through a program of experimental tests. The tests were conducted in a special apparatus under the voltage of 50 V and over a period of 7 days. During each test, the values of pH and EC in the two reservoirs, discharge fluid from the cathode reservoir were measured at different time intervals. At the end of each test, the strength of soil was measured across the length of sample. SEM tests were also carried out at the end of the test on the samples. The results showed that both polymers caused significant increase in the settlement and undrained shear strength of the soil but the maximum strength was obtained at a concentration of 4 g/L. At this concentration, the values pH and EC at the cathode reservoir were about 13 and 48 dS/m for both polymers. The SEM results revealed that the increase in strength is due to the covering of the particle surfaces and penetration of the polymer between the spaces of soil particles.


French cinema has consistently represented ageing in terms of a series of well-worn stereotypes which portray older people as 'the enemy other', to use Simone de Beauvoir's phrase. Such negative images reflect a pervasive fear of ageing which is perceived as a threat to social models of adult identities. However, as this article shows, a number of recent French films have begun to question such dominant constructions of ageing. A detailed analysis of three films – Rue du Retrait (2000), La Tête en friche (2010) and Paulette (2012) – focuses on the significance of intergenerational relationships in the formulation of a positive and empowering vision of ageing. The article begins by exploring the films' critical representations of ageing in the context of a society that is deeply hostile towards its older citizens. I argue in the subsequent sections that, in all three films, cross-generational companionship becomes a means of counteracting the social exclusion of elders and of constructing different models of ageing identities.


Israel's construction of a 670 kilometre wall and barrier through the West Bank and East Jerusalem has generated international political controversy, and two significant judicial rulings. In July 2004, the International Court of Justice issued its Advisory Opinion to the United Nations General Assembly, stating that the Separation Wall violated international human rights and humanitarian law, and proposing that Israel immediately dismantle it, with reparations to its victims. The week before, the Israeli Supreme Court released its decision in Beit Sourik Village Council vs Israel, finding that the Wall complied in principle with legal norms, but portions of it must be re-located to reduce avoidable harm to Palestinian villages. This article critically assesses the two decisions against the requirements of international law. It also tracks the response of the international community to Israel's continued construction of the Wall in the aftermath of these two judicial rulings.


Quality education is a kind of education of full development, which we need explore and study from different angle. We must reform the structure of the lesson and teaching mode in class if we fully carry out the quality education, both of which have important significance to the reform of politics lesson teaching and fully developing students' quality.


Manual methods for measuring cholesterol are numerous, some simple, others complicated, and there is as yet no common agreement as to the value of all these techniques. The many causes of error have already been studied (Furst and Lange, 1954; Rivin, Yoshino, Shickman, and Schjeide, 1958). Even in highly complicated methods, errors may arise at each stage of the analysis if the conditions are not identical, especially in unskilled hands. A method which gives excellent results when a small number of samples is being run will be faulty when applied to the determination of a series, because the conditions of time and temperature are not rigorously the same at the beginning and at the end of the series. It seems, therefore, that an automatic method might offer the means of a more exact determination of a large number of samples. Moreover, the automatic method permits the evaluation of the reproducibility of the reaction. So far it has been possible to transfer only simple manual methods to the automatic level.


A theoretical investigation is reported of the influence of a phase nonreciprocity of a resonator on the frequency kinetics of a ring laser with an inertial active medium under conditions of 1f switching of the emission direction. Numerical modeling is used to show that the difference between the frequencies of the counterpropagating waves assumes two different values, depending on which of the waves predominates at a given moment. These values are identical with the frequencies of relaxational oscillations specific to a given laser and they carry information on the phase nonreciprocity. The influence of the resonator detuning from the line center and of the coupling of the waves via scattering on the effects under consideration is also investigated.


Preface: Final LIMTECH Colloquium and International Symposium on Liquid Metal Technologies (LIMTECH) Sept. 19-20, Dresden Germany This volume of IOP Conference Series – Materials Science and Engineering represents a selection of contributions presented at the Final LIMTECH Colloquium and International Symposium on Liquid Metal Technologies (LIMTECH) held at Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden – Rossendorf (Dresden, Germany) on Sept. 19-20, 2017. Inspired by both the growing societal interest and awareness in energy and resource efficiency and the enhanced measurement and computational capabilities being available nowadays, liquid metal research has recently regained increased attendance. Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf (HZDR) and the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), both being members of the German Helmholtz Association of Research Centres, therefore took the initiative to synthesize a multi-directional program in order to ■ bridge the Helmholtz activities within the Helmholtz energy R&D programs, ■ foster collaboration with the knowledge driven university research, ■ utilize jointly the infrastructures of Helmholtz centres and universities, ■ stimulate collaboration with industrial partners and international research groups, ■ enhance talent development in a competitive ambience.


Shortly after two o'clock on the afternoon of Saturday, 19 September 1789, the last act of the sessions at Justice Hall in the Old Bailey began. London's accused capital offenders were tried here eight times yearly. Those who were convicted and received sentence of death or transportation remained in nearby Newgate Prison until their sentences could be carried into execution. So, too, did the capital respites: those convicts who were to be spared execution but who would not actually be pardoned until the Recorder of London, the chief sentencing officer at the Old Bailey, had decided what condition should be imposed. The vast majority of pardoned capital respites were transported to New South Wales. Before that condition of pardon could be put into effect, however, the respites had first to be brought back into the court at the end of another sessions in order to be formally notified, and to signal their acceptance, of the condition of their pardon—that is, to "plead their pardon" at the bar of the court. Although it is unclear from the sources whether or not the respites were still obliged, as they had been down to the 1690s at least, to present the most overt symbol of deference—kneeling while pleading their pardon—the symbolic significance of this procedure seems still to have been thought important, even if it had become largely a formality.


Taking the geographical location,traffic streamline,history and culture,economy and commercial competition as the breakthrough point,this paper researched the factors of spatial organization structure of Liuxiang in Taiyuan,and put forward reasonable suggestions to the future development of Liuxiang business district,in order to integrate existing resources,prompting Liuxiang formation had its own characteristics of spatial structure and form.


This paper outlines the structure, design and first year results from the Australian Business Longitudinal Survey being conducted by the Australian Bureau of Statistics. The survey will be conducted over five years, 1994-95 to 1998-99. Only the first has yet been completed; the second is currently in the field. One of the aims of the project is to make the data collected readily available to small business researchers and policy makers around Australia. The last section of this paper therefore provides some information about how users might access the results.


The interferences in the precursory observation data are analyzed in Xining seismic station during January 2008 to May 2008,the results show that the surroundings and the meteorological factors such as pressure mutations,and lightning did not caused any interferences,and they are mainly caused by artificial and the observation system.


The round-spotted pufferfish (Tetraodon fluviatilis) had the genome size of 380 Mb which is the smallest of any vertebrate. We used this organism for complete determination of the genomic structure and characterization of the promoter region of disease-related genes (ret and Menkes-related genes) and all JAK/STAT genes. All pufferfish JAK kinase genes are composed of 24 exons except JAK1 gene, which has an additional exon. A comparison of the exon-intron organization of these genes reveals that all splice sites of JAK kinase genes are nearly indentical, suggesting that the pufferfish JAK kinase genes may evolve from a common ancestor. The putative promoter regions of four JAK kinase genes were tested either in a carp CF cell line or in zebrafish embryos by using CAT or lacZ as reporter genes. Both assays confirmed the transcriptional activities of these promoters in vitro and in vivo. We have also completely determined the genomic structure of seven STAT genes. Currently, we have constructed the constitutively active form of different STAT cDNAs and are analyzing their DNA binding and transactivation activity in various cell lines. At present, we are trying different approaches such as the generation of transgenic zebrafish that carried the constitutively active STAT or microinjection of constitutively active STAT mRNA into one-cell stage zebrafish embryos to test its effect in vivo. We have also cloned and characterized the mnk gene that encodes the copper transporter of the roundspotted pufferfish. The mnk gene is composed of 23 exons spanning about 12.5 kb comparing to >150 Kb in human. The intron-exon junctions are all highly conserved between the round-spotted pufferfish and human. By comparing the amino acid sequence, the pufferfish MNK protein shows 62.1% identity to the corresponding human Menkes disease gene product. In addition, we are working on some novel intron-less protein kinases and one brain-specific protein kinase that may involve in the development of zebrafish nervous system. Some techniques, such as wholemount in situ hybridization, transgenic zebrafish, and microinjection of RNAi/double-stranded RNA into zebrafish embryo have been established and used to study the possible function of these protein kinases.


Objective To determine the sustainability of food quality in an obesity-prevention strategy for adolescent girls. Methods The study is a randomized controlled trial with 253 girls (Mean=15.61, 95% Confidence Interval 15.51-15.72) enrolled in 10 vocational schools in São Paulo. The diet intake was determined using a "Food Frequency Questionnaire" and analyzed according to the Brazilian Healthy Eating Index-Revised adequacy, moderation, and overall scores. The adolescents' dietary intake was compared to the baseline 6 months and 12 months postintervention. Descriptive statistics and analyses of covariance were used, considering a 5% significance level. Results Significant increases were found on the components total fruits (F=6.98, p<0.01), total vegetables (F=5.76, p=0.02), beans (F=5.96, p=0.02), and whole cereals (F=12.35, p<0.001). However, there was also a significant decrease on the scores for milk and dairy (F=6.48, p=0.02), and oils (F=5.98, p=0.02). At 12-month post intervention, improvement on the overall score was found (F=3.89, p=0.05), but there was a decrease on the component whole cereals (F=11.85, p<0.001), as well as in milk and dairies (F=6.38, p=0.02). Despite no significant effect for the SoFAAS component, a moderate effect size was revealed (d=0.56).


Changes in urogenital anatomy in aging women are common and with the changing demographics of the world's population will result in even more women being affected. The United States Census Bureau has projected that the number of American women aged 65 and over will double in the next 25 years, to more than 40 million women by 2030. The demand for health care services related to pelvic floor disorders has been estimated to increase at twice the rate of the population itself. The changes that occur can result in the development of pelvic floor disorders manifest as pelvic organ prolapse, urinary, defecatory, and sexual dysfunction. Pelvic organ prolapse including anterior, posterior and apical vaginal prolapse, uterine prolapse, and enterocele encompass a range of disorders from mild altered vaginal anatomy which is completely asymptomatic to complete vaginal eversion with associated severe dysfunction including urinary frequency, hesitancy, incomplete bladder emptying, urgency, urge incontinence, and stress urinary incontinence and defecatory difficulties such as excessive straining, incomplete rectal emptying, sometimes requiring the need for perineal or vaginal pressure to accomplish defecation. Some women may have fecal soiling or incontinence due to altered anatomy with prolapse and or anal defects. Sexual functioning can also be affected by anatomical changes. Knowledge of the changes in anatomy, the symptoms resulting and that effective therapy is available for these conditions will help future physicians provide better care for our aging population.


Breast cancer (BC) is one of the most frequent malignant diseases among women worldwide. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) as a novel class of noncoding RNA (ncRNA), display unique features due to their specific circular configuration. One of the important roles of CircRNAs is the regulation of gene expression via different mechanisms, including sponging microRNAs and proteins. Moreover, evidence indicates that circRNAs act as key regulators in the initiation and progression of BC. Currently, many circRNAs have been reported to be associated with different biological processes of BC, such as cell division, migration, invasion, and programmed cell death. The aim of this review was to provide a concise overview of the biogenesis and roles of circRNAs and track the related knowledge in BC development, diagnoses and treatment.


s of the International Mine Water Conference 19 – 23 October 2009 Proceedings ISBN Number: 978-0-9802623-5-3 Pretoria, South Africa Produced by: Document Transformation Technologies cc Conference organised by: Cilla Taylor Conferences HYDROGEOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISATION OF WASTE DEPOSITS FROM A COPPER MINE 1G.P. MOUKODI, 1B.H. USHER and 2M. SURMON 1Formerly Institute for Groundwater Studies, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 2Palabora Mining Company (PMC), Phalaborwa, South Africa.


Abstract From the culture medium of Pseudomonas putida several derivatives of 3,4-dihydro-5-methyl- 2H-pyrrole were isolated differing in the C-4 substituent (unbranched C11, C13 and C15 alkyl and alkenyl groups), the structures of which could be elucidated


In response to previous commentaries, we report here that different CLAVATA3 (CLV3) peptides have strikingly different activities in immune response gene activation and root growth repression, which are mediated by the FLAGELLIN SENSING2 (FLS2) and CLAVATA2 (CLV2) receptors, respectively ([Figures 1


Purpose: We developed an animal SPECT system using clinical Philips ARGUS scintillation camera and pinhole collimator with specially manufactured small apertures. In this study, we evaluated the physical characteristics of this system and biological feasibility for animal experiments. Materials and Methods: Rotating station for small animals using a step motor and operating software were developed. Pinhole inserts with small apertures (diameter of 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 mm) were manufactured and physical parameters including planar spatial resolution and sensitivity and reconstructed resolution were measured for some apertures. In order to measure the size of the usable field of view according to the distance from the focal point, manufactured multiple line sources separated with the same distance were scanned and numbers of lines within the field of view were counted. Using a Tc-99m line source with 0.5 mm diameter and 12 mm length placed in the exact center of field of view, planar spatial resolution according to the distance was measured. Calibration factor to obtain FWHM values in 'mm' unit was calculated from the planar image of two separated line sources. Te-99m point source with i mm diameter was used for the measurement of system sensitivity. In addition, SPECT data of micro phantom with cold and hot line inserts and rat brain after intravenous injection of [I-123]FP-CIT were acquired and reconstructed using filtered back protection reconstruction algorithm for pinhole collimator. Results: Size of usable field of view was proportional to the distance from the focal point and their relationship could be fitted into a linear equation (y=1.4x+0.5, x: distance). System sensitivity and planar spatial resolution at 3 cm measured using 1.0 mm aperture was 71 cps/MBq and 1.24 mm, respectively. In the SPECT image of rat brain with [I-123]FP-CIT acquired using 1.0 mm aperture, the distribution of dopamine transporter in the striatum was well identified in each hemisphere. Conclusion: We verified that this new animal SPECT system with the Phlilps ARGUS scanner and small apertures had sufficient performance for small animal imaging.


The traditional network model has difficulty in reflecting the characteristics of multi-service joint operations issues.The complex network theory was applied to modeling the joint operations command.Based on the traditional combat model of the tree network topology,the lateral connections were added.This paper presents a complex network of joint operations based on the complex network model.The model breaks the "platform centric" form of combat and reflects the characteristics of joint operations under information conditions.A number of parameters of the model are defined.Through simulation and statistical analysis,the network is characteristic of regular network and random network.And the model as a whole has the tree hierarchy,scale-free and small-world features.The result can provide a certain theoretical basis for studying the robust and survivability of joint operations network.


The utilization of wanyi seeds (Mangifera caesia Jack.) in making ethanol by enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation using Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been carried out. The method used is the hydrolysis of α-amylase and gluco-amylase enzymes, fermentation with time variation and yeast concentration as well as the addition of 0.5% urea nutrition and 0.06% NPK, distillation and gas chromatography. Ethanol content 98.508% at 6 days fermentation with yeast concentration 0.23%.


In the paper the substitute acoustic boundary impedance conditions for boundaries with periodic geometry are considered. The complex geometry of boundary is treated as planar one with the equivalent impedance conditions obtained from the process of numerical homogenization. The computer simulations used the finite element method (FEM) and all analyses took into consideration the sinusoidal acoustic planar waves. Homogenized boundaries, significantly decreases number of degrees of freedom in acoustic analysis, what in many cases, is the only way to overcome extremely high hardware requirements [7].


(57) An image processing method for extracting the threadlike structure represented on a background in many digital original images SUMMARY noise includes the steps of capturing original image data including the data of one of the end points of the thread-like structure a repetitive front propagation step of providing an end front point starting from one end point causes the end front point, to build a candidate path between one end point and the completion of reception points, one representing a threadlike structure and a step of selecting the best candidate path. Applications: medical imaging, X-rays apparatus having an image processing means and display means.


Recent observations of the adsorption of oxygen on nickel are interpreted in terms of double scattering processes instead of the single scattering mechanism which has been used in all previous interpretations. This permits a single explanation of the observed variation of the intensity of the diffraction pattern with electron energy and provides a plausible understanding of the early stages of adsorption. (auth)


Sweating rates at five body regions on four Jersey and four Sahiwal x Jersey crossbred heifers were measured in a hot room under three treatments differing in temperature and duration. The correlations between sweating rate and some quantitative components of sweat gland volume for a given area of skin were examined. Differences in sweating rate between body regions, interactions between breed and body region in sweating rate, and differences in sweating rate for the various treatments were all shown to be statistically significant. There was no significant interaction between body regions and treatment in sweating rate. Between body regions within an animal, there was a positive correlation between sweat gland population density and sweating rate and a negative correlation between mean sweat gland volume and sweating rate. This negative correlation was associated with the fact that regions with high sweat gland population density also tended to have smaller sweat glands and vice versa. Indications of a positive correlation between the total sweat gland volume per unit area and sweating rate were also found, though none of these approached statistical significance.


The structure of VOD system based on Ethernet is studied.The interaction characteristics of the system are ana-lysed.An implementation scheme of multimedia interactive terminal in VOD system based on Embedded browser technology is discussed in detail.[


In this issue of Blood , 2 independent reports by [Rapetti-Mauss et al][1] and [Glogowska et al][2] describe the first example of a human disease: a novel type of hemolytic hereditary xerocytosis (HX) that is caused by a genetic defect in the Gardos channel, a Ca2+-sensitive K+ channel critical for


Long afterglow photoluminescent materials Sr 2MgSi 2O 7∶Eu, Dy were prepared by sintering in reductive atmosphere at high temperature. The luminescent properties and phosphorescent mechanism of Sr 2MgSi 2O 7_based luminescent phosphor were studied. The analytical results indicated that the emission spectra of Sr 2MgSi 2O 7: Eu, Dy lied in near 469 nm, resulted from the transition of 4 f5d-4f of Eu 2+ ions. Co_doped Dy 3+ produced suitable depth energy traps, which improved afterglow property dramatically. Its initial luminescent intensity reached 2 200 mcd/m 2 and the duration time lasted over 5 h.


Enormous progress has been made over the past decade in developing bulk amorphous alloys with high strength and other mechanical properties while possessing improved glass forming and processing abilities. Particularly important in developing new systems is identifying the compositions most likely to lead to glass formation. We illustrate here for the Al−Ni system how Molecular Dynamics (MD) using a force field derived from first-principles quantum mechanics (QM) can be used to determine the optimum compositions for glass forming ability (GFA). Using the Two-Phase Thermodynamics (2PT) method to extract entropy and free energy directly from MD, we find that the GFA is closely related to (ΔGlc)Tg, the Gibbs free energy difference between the liquid state and crystal state at the glass transition temperature Tg. We find that the glass phase is preferred at compositions where (ΔGlc)Tg is small and where the equilibrium crystal structure is complex. For the AlNi alloys, our calculations suggest that the best g...


Pyrolysis experiments of a typical printed circuit boards has been carried out under various conditions in a laboratory installation Liquid yield of 15%~21%, gas yield of 15%~20% and solid yield of about 60% were obtained The liquid products had high gross calorific values that might be recycled as fuel oils after simple treatment CO, CO 2 and N 2 were the main constitutes of the gas products Using combustion method, organic carbon of 7% in the solid products could be removed Then the solid products, which contained high purity fiberglass and CaCO 3, could be reused as filling materials in the process of SMC production In addition, the effects of final pyrolysis temperature (FPT) and particle size on pyrolysis products had been investigated The yield of gas products will be increased under high temperature and with powder samples


The advertising industry is also responsible for promoting a sustainable future for our planet. Besides launching messages of environmental respect, it is essential to choose and use advertising tools that will leave the lightest footprint in the environment. While environmental issues are indeed relevant, in any way, the need remains to spread the word about the products/services and make rational decisions that will maximize the reach of potential consumers. In other words, support measures are needed to reach the target market more effectively. Based on the above considerations, the article presents the research results of evaluating the expediency of eco-friendly advertising formats to different generational cohorts in the Spanish media scene. The MCDM method defined the structure of the research and was used to summarize the results of the expert study. This method's choice is based on motive related to the purpose of the evaluation and the applicability of the research results in practice. Research results are helpful guidelines for decision-makers of advertising agencies or their clients in the campaign planning process. They show that generational differences are a determining factor for reaching the target market.


Referring to the cited articles of Hans Malicky and Glenn Wiggins there are two questions: 1. How far do accomplished trichopteran buildings (cases etc.) represent building behaviours. 2. What are the phylogenetic relationships between larval and pupal cases, especially in the Integripalpia ? The great variety of design among caddis houses, more or less specific of the taxonomic units, leads to the assumption of different genetically determined programs. This includes the variability of building behaviour during larval ontogenesis as well as the adaptive flexibility, more or less pronounced in the different taxa. The building activity of the larvae includes searching for an appropriate place, selection and adaptation of building material, inserting and fixing it with silk, and especially in the Integrepalpia, the construction of the inner lining, the rear apertur o r in pupal cases the porous silken opercle of the tube-case and shortening of the tube from time to time. Prior to each larval moulting and to pupation, fixing of cases with silken threads usually happens. In many species, full grown larvae are searching specific places for pupation, e.g. to assemble to aggregations. After all, the construction plan, leading to the specific shape of the case, is part of the genetic program. From the structure of the building we can refer to some of the building activities, especially the construction plan, the result of the selection of building materia], and by a thorough analysis also to some of the results of the different spinning activities (BOHLE 1972, 1974). If we are able to compare the products of different ontogenetic phases and different origins it should be possible to describe and perhaps to explain the structural variance. In this way we gain important information on building behaviour. Nevertheless, some aspects, e.g. searching behaviour or the details in the sequence and form of building motion, are not to grasp. Direct and accurate investigation of a rather complex behaviour, as in case construction, costs much time and makes it difficult to compare a large number of objects. Extensive control is necessary in order to comprehend the variability on the individual scale and between species of a taxonomic group. The comparative analysis of case building behaviour by STUART & CURRIE (2001) contains some deficits, which could be avoidable, regarding e.g. the structure of the silken layers. If we want to reconstruct the phylogenetic relationship between pupal and larval buildings, we should, as a first step, explain those general phylogenetic relationships which are important for the definition of plesiomorphic and apomorphic traits. Larval cases of Glossosomatidae are in the dome shaped upper part structurally nearly identical with the pupation chamber of Rhyacophilidae


This article aims to comprehend in depth the structure and characteristics of the dialogical relationship shown in Kim Chun-su's Deulim, Dostoevsky. In the poems, Kim Chun-su used negative expressions related to 'father'. This seems to be related to Kim's negative reaction to paternal power. While trying to get away from this paternal power, however, Kim faces unexpected difficulties. It is because paternal power controls reality. Kim Chun-su's poetry was the product of his dilemma between these extremes. More specifically, it was anxiety and conflicts he suffered between the existential request of eliminating paternal power and the perception of reality in which fulfilling such a request was impossible. In the process of dealing with his dilemma, the poet Kim Chun-su focused on Dostoevsky's novels, which paid close attention to similar problems. He tried to bring out the existence of innumerable inner-others from his ego by the voices of the characters in Dostoevsky's novels. In the poems, the poet is talking about others and listening to others' confusing and disorderly utterances. Furthermore, it is the act of accepting others' utterances and understanding their situations. In short, this process was a way to understand and forgive others, who could not reveal their inner truth in an organized form by themselves. Therefore, it is the process of transforming something meaningless into meaningful. If psychoanalysis is defined as a process of making a dialogue with inner-others, it is possible to say that Kim Chun-su shows this attitude in his poetry.


In Turkey, especially between 1960 and 1975, the popularity and influence of melodramatic cinema grew during dramatic socio-economic changes and hegemonic ideology of modernization project; melodrama tried to create a new morality for this emerging social order. The melodramatic imagination of Yesilcam during this time period achieved formation of a characteristic Turkish melodramatic tradition. This thesis attempts to explore the influence of the melodramatic imagination of Yesilcam on the post 1990s Turkish cinema. Focusing on some prominent examples (Zeki Demirkubuz, Nuri Bilge Ceylan and Yavuz Turgul) of the new Turkish cinema, this analysis identifies Yesilcam's melodramatic tradition at the basis of this new cinema. The work of this thesis includes analysis of the structure of the melodramatic text, search for the historical and cultural background of melodramatic imagination, and investigation of the fundamental characteristics of Yesilcam melodrama that forms the melodramatic tradition in Turkey.


This papier proposes to focus on organizational learning and how it is carried out accross boundaries. Based on the case of a automotive dealerships group, we highlighted the role of mediating management tools in the trading zone (Kellogg et al., 2006) to cross boundaries and help managing knowledge.


ABSTRACT: Purpose: Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) is a relatively new yet controversial approach to the treatment of dysphagia that is gaining clinical popularity. The purpose of this study was to contribute to our understanding of the clinical viability of NMES, in light of empirical controversy, by describing current trends in the use/nonuse of NMES and clinician-perceived barriers to use among a sample of speech-language pathologists (SLPs) in the state of Iowa. Method: Eighty SLPs employed in a variety of professional settings completed an online survey on practice patterns and perceptions related to general clinical practice, dysphagia management, and the use of NMES. Responses from 73 of these participants were included for quantitative and qualitative analyses. Results: Despite high familiarity with NMES (70%) and the frequent provision of dysphagia services (74% of facilities and 62% of individuals), only 17% of facilities providing dysphagia services were reported to offer NMES as a treatment option, and only 3 respondents personally D Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation in Dysphagia Management: Clinician Use and Perceived Barriers


This paper presents a search technique for translating verses in the Al-Quran into Indonesian by developing a query expansion of the hot themes currently being discussed in social media. The hope of finding information in the verses of the Koran is very high as a step to respond and find a holistic religious perspective on the theme being discussed. The method of searching for verses using Indonesian translations is still deemed inadequate. The availability of dictionaries and indexes for the Indonesian translation of the Al-Quran is still very little, most of the verse search indexes use the Arabic book language including the very popular ones are Al-Mu'jam al-Mufahras lialfazhi Al-Qur'an and Fathurrahman li Thalibi Ayatil Qur'an. Researchers have carried out many studies to make certain techniques in searching to find related words in the Al-Quran, including from exact matching, matching according to major themes in the Koran (topic matching), matching with synonyms and a search for explanatory books (tafsir matching). This is done to find relevant verses and provide comprehensive information on the search terms. This research was conducted on 11 random keywords to the entire translation of the Al-Quran and the query results were tested based on the Al-Quran Index Book How to Find Al-Quran Verses compiled by N.A. Baiquni. HE. S Compoundqi, and R.A. Azis. The results of this study indicate that the use of query expansion gets a value of 44% and the exact query gets a value of 33% to find related themes, however the use of query expansion is better than the use of exact queries in the search for the translation of the Indonesian Al-Quran.


The photon-photon optical depth for gamma-ray bursts at cosmological distances is potentially so large that accurate calculations are needed to evaluate the conditions for which high energy photons can escape. one must explicitly included the rest frame emission pattern and determine the photon field at each point along the path of a high-energy test'' photon to the observer. Relativistic expanding shell models have a key advantage over static relativistic wind models. For an expanding shell there is a sudden decrease of the optical depth with increasing Lorentz factor when the surface that contributes photons to the path of the test photon no longer subtends more than a critical angle regardless of how close the test photon is to the shell. As a result, expanding shell models require smaller relativistic flow rates than stationary surfaces. The minimum Lorentz factor that models must provide is roughly 100 for a 100 MeV photon to escape. We have made two crucial assumptions which require further study. The spectrum has been assumed to be a power law and a two component power law or a power law with a high-energy cut-off would decrease the required [gamma]. The expanding shell model uses a infinitly thin emittingmore » surface and one with a finite thickness would increase the required [gamma].« less


A thin film transistor array device 100, a first decision is configured by crystal grains having an average grain size property and the driving TFT (10a) for having a semiconductor film (5a), the first average grain size smaller than the average crystal grain size of the 2, the second decision constituted by the mean grain size of the crystal grains castle and a switch TFT (10b) for having a semiconductor layer (5b). A first crystalline semiconductor film (5a) and the second crystalline semiconductor film (5b) is, the key is to use a laser having a light intensity distribution non-crystalline semiconductor film temperature of a Gaussian distribution so that the range of 600 ℃ to 1100 ℃ crystalline is formed by laser irradiation the semiconductor film, the first crystalline semiconductor film (5a) is formed to ensure that the temperature range of 1414 to 1100 ℃ ℃ by the latent heat by laser irradiation. The second crystalline semiconductor film (5b) has a first formed simultaneously with the formation of the crystalline semiconductor film (5a).


The present investigation aims to study the flow field characteristics of a single expansion nozzle (SEN). The flow field characteristics of conventional convergent-divergent (C-D) nozzle are also investigated for comparison. The experimental and computational studies were carried out for nozzle pressure ratios of 1.45, 1.55, 1.75, 2, 3, 4 and 5. The studies reveal that, for the single expansion nozzle the oblique shock moves towards the solid boundary with the increase of nozzle pressure ratio, which makes the flow to accelerate continuously in the majority of the divergent portion. The single expansion nozzle delivers the flow with higher Mach number than the C-D nozzle at the exit of the nozzle.


The effects of liquid fermentation and solid fermentation on nattokinase activity produced by Bacillus natto No.ZN-4 strain were studied.The effects on producing nattokinase were compared between the two processes.The result showed that the optimum culture conditions of liquid fermentation were as follows:2% glucose,1% peptone,Na2HPO40.6%,NaH2PO40.1%,MgSO40.05%,CaCl20.02%;initial pH7.0;the inoculum size 3%;temperature 35℃.The nattokinase activity was 1903U/mL after 56 hour fermentation.The inoculate size,temperature,and time were studied in solid fermentation.The result showed the optimum culture conditions of solid fermentation were as follows:the inoculum size 10%;temperature 37℃.The nattokinase activity was 2200U/g after 48 hour.


It is clear that dynamic structural plant models (or preferably functional-structural plant models) have an important role to play in many remote sensing applications. Principal among these is the use of such models in the inversion of canopy biophysical parameters from remote sensing observations. The 'traditional' empirical approach to the derivation of such information has been through calibrating simple empirical relationships between single or compound terms derived from the measured signal (spectral radiance or reflectance at optical wavelengths or backscatter in the microwave) and the biophysical parameters of interest (typically Leaf Area Index from optical data or Biomass from microwave observations). The field has matured now to the level where it is feasible to replace these empirical relationships with the inversion of physically-based models of the scattering by vegetation canopies. The parameters that can be potentially inverted by such methods are the biophysical parameters to which the signal is sensitive, which can be largely grouped into those describing the vegetation structure (LAI or scatterer size and number density; the angular distribution of scatterers; the spatial arrangement of scatterers) and 'radiometric' parameters (the factors affecting scattering by the leaves etc. – chlorophyll concentration at visible wavelengths; leaf dry matter and water content at longer optical wavelengths; scatterer size, thickness and moisture content at microwave wavelengths). Given this wide range of terms affecting the remote sensing signal, it is not surprising that a large number of parameters are required to describe the potential effects of these terms, even when making many generalisations (e.g. assuming a horizontally homogeneous canopy). Further parameters are required to describe the 'structural' and 'radiometric' effects of any lower boundary conditions to the scattering problem (soil roughness height and correlation lengths etc.). However, having such a large dimensionality to the forward radiometric models causes significant problems in inversion, mainly because the problem becomes ill-posed (effectively, more than one set of parameters can give rise to the same set of results).


The increasing number of loading/unloading activities at container terminal of Soekarno-Hatta Port Makassar, Indonesia has urged the port administrator to increase the number of port moorings and deck length in 3 (three) stages until 2025. The main purpose of the present research is to find a model of demand flow for container capacity and ship traffic as well as the appropriateness of the current mooring facility and the development plan at Soekarno-Hatta port Makassar. The methods used are based on queueing theory, empirical approaches, and multiple linear regressions. Analysis results show that the average growth of ship visits to the port is 7.07% per year and flow of container loading/unloading is 6.4 % per year. Therefore, it could be concluded that the current mooring facility would be sufficient until year 2025 but it will need 1 (one) unit mooring until 2019 and 2 (two) units mooring until 2025. These predictions are consistent with the development plant made for this port. Keywords—container port; mooring facility; queueing theory; berth occupancy ratio; port development


The present invention relates to a process and apparatus for preparing a liquid fuel combustible solid waste, the solid waste and garbage collection, sorting after removal of incombustible components, purified, dried, crushed and fed into the reactor, there is in the presence of the supercritical fluid, so as to control the temperature and pressure for liquefaction conversion, the liquid fuel and give semi solid residue, the solid residue was enriched, pressurized, molded to give a solid fuel, a liquid fuel to obtain the refined after semifinished finished liquid fuel. Overheat tin heated reactor, the reaction speed, yield liquefaction, can be suppressed, and reduce the pyrolysis reaction, thereby reducing the carbon deposition reactions common phenomenon, and the supercritical fluid products easily separated.


Anisotropy is the result of optional orientation or geometric asymmetry caused by the position of particles in an object. This property of material influences convection heat transfer of objects two ways: hydrodynamic permeability and thermal diffusion due to changes of thermal conductivity.1 There are various applications for the effect of anisotropy on heat transfer, such as: nuclear industries,2 geology,3 water resource management,4,5 oil and gas,6 and fixed bed reactors.7 Porous beds are one of the very applicable research areas of the field of heat transfer based on anisotropy. Research on the effect of anisotropy on heat transfer can be categorized based on heat transfer regimes, the variety of materials and the applied solution methodology.8 In terms of the type of heat transfer regimes, natural convection,9–11 forced convection,12–14 and mixed convection15,16 have been studied, where natural convection is more noticeable. Horizontal, vertical and inclined rectangular or cylindrical objects were studied to investigate the effect of anisotropy on convection heat transfer. The governing equations were solved by numerical or analytical methodologies.17 In early studies of convection heat transfer in porous beds, the term of anisotropy had been ignored. The first studies examining the effects of anisotropy were performed by Castinel and Combarnous on free convection over a horizontal plane with anisotropic permeability.18 The anisotropic thermal diffusion was investigated by Epherre, who determined that anisotropy effects on the thermal properties influence the marginal stability criterion as the preferred width of the convection cells.19 Their studies were completed by Kvernold and Tyvand to analyze the effects of anisotropy in permeability on the critical Rayleigh number for the onset of convection and attitude of convective flow at slightly supercritical Rayleigh numbers.20 Tyvand and Storesletten studied natural convection in an anisotropic medium where none of the principal axes were vertical by considering Benard convection in a horizontal porous layer with anisotropic permeability.21 Recently, some research has been directed to the effect of anisotropy on the onset of convection Analytical Solution of Forced Convective Heat Transfer in a Horizontal Anisotropic Porous Media Cylinder: Effect of Variations of Frictional Heating and Heat Generation on the Temperature Profile and Nusselt Number


Abstract The purpose of this article is to explain an international perspective on strategies to increase college students' empathy in gymnastics courses. One of the most popular basic physical activity courses in Japan is a trampoline-based gymnastics course that helps college students practice the safe use of the trampoline based on their own developmental interest and skill level. Instructors who teach gymnastics in basic instructional courses must understand the background of their students and should reduce the academic and social uncertainty and anxiety associated with gymnastics performance and practices in their courses. The authors explain four instructional strategies that foster the development of empathy in gymnastics courses in higher education. These strategies are (a) perspective taking through understanding different roles, (b) refraining from judgement and learning how to give empathy-based feedback, (c) recognizing emotion in others, and (d) self-assessment of empathy through communicating the understanding of another person's emotions. While our materials and examples are unique to gymnastics and trampoline, the structure of the materials can be applied across physical activity settings at the secondary school and university level. Motor learning experiences in physical education and physical activity classes can help improve empathy when presented using the strategies and components introduced in this article. By having similar experiences through physical activity, we can come to understand each other's emotions, and based on this understanding, we can communicate with others in a positive, empathetic manner.


The internalisation of stigma by adoptive parents has been related to depressive symptoms and dysfunctional family behaviour. This study investigates stigma internalisation and perception, and their relationships with social support from family, friends and the broader community. The aim is to determine the extent to which adoptive parents feel that societal attitudes are stigmatising and how social support influences stigma. Data were collected using an online survey and semi-structured interviews. Participants (n = 43) reported that the motivation to adopt and the nature of the adoptive family are poorly understood by non-adopters and that the media portrays parents in an unrealistic manner, as either 'heroes' or 'desperate'. Location was found to be significant, with people living in cities perceiving lower stigma than those in towns, suburbs and rural areas. Social support came from an extended 'family' made up of close friends, other adopters and religious communities. The findings point to a need for more extensive education on adoption in schools and the media, for increased support services in less urbanised areas and for earlier support for parents adopting from outside their local authority.


This research literature provides a literal review combing the most significant aspects of the author's research with respects to trust establishment. The aim of this review is to provide an in-depth description of the field of study. Section 1 provides fundamental background to the concept of trust within an ad hoc network. The concepts of trust, trust establishment and trust evidence are investigated and defined. A requirements list for trust establishment protocol is provided. Section 2 includes a trust establishment model survey, where the researched publications are gathered and the most important and relevant trust establishment schemes are presented providing an overview of the existing trust establishment models. The discussions are structured by grouping models similarities therefore the schemes were discussed in two groups: Certification based models and Conduct based models. Section 3 provides concluding assessment and remarks upon the research preformed.


Recently, molybdenum diselenide (MoSe2) has attracted nascent research attention for potential applications in electronic and optoelectronic devices due to its unique properties including tunable bandgap, strong photoluminescence and large exciton binding energy. However,
 the synthesis of reproducible, controlled and large scale MoSe2 films is still a great challenge. Here, we have investigated the morphology, structure and crystalline quality of MoSe2 films synthesized by the selenization of Mo metal films. The Mo metal films of different
 thicknesses were deposited at room temperature by direct current sputtering. Subsequently, MoSe2 films were prepared by selenization of sputtered Mo films at 550 °C for 20 minutes. The obtained MoSe2 films are polycrystalline with hexagonal crystal structure. The
 crystalline quality of the MoSe2 films is improved with increase in the thickness of Mo metal films. The MoSe2 films are found to be n-type in nature and reasonably stoichiometric (Mo/Se ratio ∼1:1.9). This study provides an experimental demonstration of an
 alternative cost-effective direct synthesis of MoSe2 films on SiO2/Si for the applications of semiconductor devices.


Several transmission and distribution systems are known to have unbalanced lines and line sections carrying a mixture of single, double, and three-phase loads; moreover, their steady-state conditions are affected by unavoidable uncertainties that require to analyze these systems with probabilistic approaches. In this article, a probabilistic three-phase load flow using a multi-linear simulation algorithm is proposed. The method properly extends to the field of unbalanced systems a probabilistic method proposed for balanced systems. Numerical examples on the three-phase unbalanced IEEE 13-bus and 34-bus distribution test systems are provided and discussed to illustrate the application of the proposed method. The results obtained with the proposed algorithm are compared with the ones obtained using a Monte Carlo simulation algorithm, which includes the non linear three-phase load flow equations. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


I. INTRODUCTION As a new commissioner at the Federal Communications Commission ("FCC" or "the Commission"), I have developed five key principles that inform my regulatory philosophy and that will serve as guideposts during my tenure at the FCC. This Article defines and gives context to those principles. First, Congress sets the FCC's responsibilities in the Communications Act, and the Commission should faithfully implement those tasks rather than pursuing an independent agenda. Second, fully functioning markets deliver better products and services to consumers as compared to markets regulated by the government. Unless structural factors prevent markets from being competitive, or Congress has established objectives (such as universal service) that are not market-based, government should be reluctant to intervene in the marketplace. Third, where the FCC promulgates rules, it should ensure that those rules are clear and vigorously enforced. Efficient markets depend on clear and predictable rules, and a failure to enforce rules undermines the agency's credibility and effectiveness. Fourth, a regulatory agency--particularly one with jurisdiction over a high-tech sector like communications--cannot possibly duplicate the resources and expertise of those it regulates. Therefore, the FCC must be humble about its own abilities and must reach out to consumer groups, industry, trade associations, and state regulators to maximize the information available in the decision-making process. Finally, as a government agency supported by taxpayers, the FCC should strive to provide the same degree of responsiveness and effectiveness that would be expected of an organization in the private sector. These principles are the product of my experiences in government and the private sector. I have previously served at the FCC as a legal advisor under two respected and dedicated commissioners, and I have worked for an array of businesses representing a broad spectrum of the communications industry, including providers of satellite, wireless, and wireline communications services. I have also served in a variety of leadership capacities for the Federal Communications Bar Association, including a term as its president. While I am fortunate to have learned a lot from these diverse experiences, no set of experiences can fully prepare a commissioner to address all of the complex technical and legal issues the Commission faces on a daily basis. But I am confident that, by relying on the principles discussed in this Article, I will help the Commission deliver to consumers the benefits envisioned by Congress in enacting the Communications Act. While we have many hard problems to address, I look forward to working with my fellow commissioners, the talented and hard-working agency staff, state regulators, consumers, trade associations, businesses, and the Bar to meet these challenges. II. GUIDING PRINCIPLES A. The FCC Should Focus on Implementing the Agenda Set by Congress in the Statute The FCC is an independent agency created by Congress, and as such, its priorities are defined not by the predilections of the commissioners but by the text of the Communications Act. Like any institution, the FCC has a finite amount of resources. We should expend those resources implementing congressional priorities, and only after those are fulfilled should we pursue objectives that lie within our discretionary authority. Statutory language at its best provides a clear guide for the Commission's priorities. Landmark legislation like the Telecommunications Act of 1996 ("the 1996 Act" or "the Act") serves as an excellent example. In many of the Act's provisions, Congress set forth explicit timetables for the FCC's execution of statutory mandates, including a six-month deadline for implementing the market-opening duties in section 251 (1) and a two-year deadline for overhauling the universal service subsidy scheme in section 254. …


Empirical studies suggest that mission-oriented bureaucrats bias their design of program alternatives to increase the odds that a superior will choose the kind of program the officials want. However, political executives may anticipate this manipulation and try to reassert control. These struggles are examined in three models. In Model 1 a senior bureaucrat is interested only in missions; the bureaucrat's political superior controls him or her by rejecting inferior proposals and entertaining new options from other policy specialists. Model 2 is a principal-agent analysis. Here the official is interested only in budgets; the official's superior reduces search bias by creating an ex ante incentive scheme. In Model 3 the bureaucrat cares about both budgets and programs; the superior uses both his or her final review authority and ex ante incentives to reduce agenda manipulation. The models' contrasting implications for the political control of bureaucracy are examined.


This is the second Falco mystery which follows on from "Silver Pigs". In this book the Roman private eye has been hired by the Emperor Vespasian. Falco finds himself rushing around Ancient Italy on the track of a man in a green toga who is connected with a devious plot to overthrow the emperor.


Systems and methods to discover access points in wireless networks are disclosed. In one embodiment, an access point of a wireless network may be placed in a sleep mode when there is no network activity. Normally, a remote device would not be able to discover such sleeping access points because the access point is not sending out a beacon signal. Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure provide for a remote device that may send a wake up signal to the access point. On receipt of the wake up signal from the remote device, the access point begins sending a beam formed beacon signal to the remote device to initiate registration of the remote device with the access point. By providing a way to wake a sleeping access point, wireless networks may be effectively established while concurrently saving power and reducing electromagnetic interference.


Recent events in intercollegiate athletic department organizational cultures demonstrate the need to examine the experiences of personnel who serve in a toxic leadership culture. The purpose of this qualitative study was to identify how three head coaches, one associate athletic director, and a facilities manager perceived and reacted to 6 years of destructive leadership. Each participant was interviewed for 60–90 min. Consistent with Padilla, Hogan, and Kaiser's (2008) toxic triangle theory, findings suggest that perceptions and reactions to the evaluated athletic department were seemingly negative. The leadership and actions of two head coaches, the athletic director, and the university president were perceived as destructive to the department and the institution. The culprits of the destructive consequences were the university's lack of internal and external checks and balances, a president who centralized control, and an absence of effective athletic department leadership. Follower repercussions identified were avoidance of the athletic director, keeping opinions to oneself, and adherence; followers employed their strategies to avert conflict or job termination.


RAF psychiatric patients are predominantly young males, and they present usually with neuroses or personality disorders but not infrequently with acute psychotic illnesses at a very early stage of development (Anthony 1972). The balance of our case-load is made up of the wives and children of RAF personnel who are also a predominantly young population. There are areas of special emphasis related to the flying role, e.g. phobic disorders in aircrew and disorientation in the air, for which special investigation and therapy facilities have been set up, and an active programme of inpatient evaluation and treatment for alcoholism, including a therapeutic group. RAF psychiatrists overseas have responsibility for the psychiatric care of all dependants, including children, and their training must therefore give them a sound working knowledge of child and adolescent psychiatry. Overriding other considerations is the knowledge that RAF psychiatrists must be competent to practise effectively under combat conditions.


As an important legal system in maritime law, maritime lien is very important to the relative claim party. The latest judicial interpretation of the Supreme Court listed the maintenance fees for the waterway as the maritime lien. Through the analysis of the connotation and legal characteristics of maritime lien, this paper brings forward some oppugns to this judicial interpretation. [


Researchers hypothesized that during a time of resource scarcity, the incidence of PSA-detected prostate cancer would decrease and the use of noncurative management strategies would increase, reports Urology Times SUO internship program member Ryan Hutchinson, MD.


The last decade has seen the emergence and growth in this country, and elsewhere, of science parks. In 1984 the United Kingdom Science Park Association (UKSPA) was set up with eight founder members. The mushrooming that followed meant that by 1986 the Association could report 28 fully operated parks, seven others under construction and a number of Associate Members, of which Reading University was one.


The article deals with the main pedagogical problems of performing arts competitions in the context of the humanistic paradigm of the forming artistic and pedagogical space. Different pedagogical situations determining the requirements for organizing and conducting contest programs are analyzed. Various pedagogical strategies of involving the younger generation in performance activities that ensure mass participation and provide children and adolescents with access to creative activities regardless of the level of their performing abilities are proposed. The article also pays special attention to the creation of a pedagogical environment that motivates children and adolescents to participate in contest performance; the organizational conditions of the competition that minimize the negative psychological effects on its participants are highlighted and further prospects for their improvement from the point of humanistic art pedagogy are outlined. The pedagogical problems considered in the article allow the authors to conclude on the need for greater use of the achievements of theater pedagogy in work with contestants, as well as for a thought-out differentiation of competition programs accounting for the composition of the participants and the nature of the pedagogical problems.


To improve the optical properties of vanadium dioxide(VO2) film, a mathematical model describing the optical properties of VO2 film with nano-periodic holes was proposed based on the effective medium approximation theory. The VO2 films were deposited on quartz substrates via magnetron sputtering and oxidation annealing. The VO2 films with nano-holes were fabricated by ion beam etching with the mask of porous alumina. The theoretical analysis and experimental results show that the minimum value of the reflectance moves toward a shorter wavelength when the porosity increases. The transmittance of the VO2 film with nano-holes is better than that of the VO2 film deposited on quartz substrate. The transmittance is increased by 20% in the infrared region. The VO2film with nano-holes has better thermochromic properties for some potential applications.


Using the fixed-node diffusion quantum Monte Carlo method (FN-DMC), the density functional theory (DFT), and the Hartree-Fock (HF) approximation, we investigate the valence electron binding energies of atomic clusters. Calculations are applied to the metal-doped anionic aluminum clusters XAl4− (X = K, Rb, Ag, and Au) and their vertical detachment energies (VDE) are obtained. A comparison between the FN-DMC results and the HF ones allows us to quantify the electron correlation effects and their impact on the stability of the clusters. The analysis reveals that the electron correlation enhances the vertical detachment energies of the atomic clusters significantly.


Biological motifs are defined as overly recurring short-sized patterns in biological systems. Sequence motifs, structural motifs and network motifs are the examples of biological motifs. Due to its expensive searching process, many biological motif finding algorithms have been focusing on the computational efficiency to discover the motifs. However, there is no comprehensive benchmark to validate the biological significance of the "candidate motifs," which are discovered computationally with their sequential or structural similarities. Some of sequence motifs are verified by their structural similarities or their functional roles in the DNA or protein sequences, and stored in databases. However, the biological role of network motifs is still invalidated and no databases exist.
In this dissertation, we emphasize more on the biological meanings for the motifs. We provide an efficient way to incorporate biological information with clustering analysis methods: For example, a sparse nonnegative matrix factorization (SNMF) method is used with a biological information of Chou-Fasman parameters for the protein motif finding. Biological network motifs are searched by various clustering algorithms with Gene ontology (GO) information. In addition, the algorithms can replace existing approximation algorithms and parallel search algorithms as well. Experimental results show that the algorithms perform better than existing algorithms by producing more number of high-quality of biological motifs.
Additionally, biological network motifs are applied to predict essential proteins in two ways. We design a more robust and biologically meaningful centrality algorithm to rank proteins in a PPI network, name it MCGO, then show that highest detection rate of MCGO compared with existing centrality algorithms. MCGO is then combined with other centrality algorithms to be plugged as features for a machine learning algorithm to predict essential proteins in a network.
We have three contributions to the study of biological motifs through this thesis; 1) Clustering analysis is efficiently used in this work and biological information is easily integrated with the analysis; 2) We focus more on the biological meanings of motifs by adding biological knowledge in the algorithms and by suggesting biologically related evaluation methods. 3) Biological network motifs are successfully applied to a practical application of prediction of essential proteins.
INDEX WORDS: Biological network motif, Clustering analysis, Gene ontology, Essential protein, Machine learning.


Introduction to Diversity in Jewish Education - page 1
MARK YOUNG

Embracing Diversity While Building Jewish Community: An Imperative - page 4
DR. ABIGAIL UHRMAN, DR. BARRY HOLTZ AND DR. JEFFREY KRESS

Beneath the "We": Promoting Productive Discomfort as a Means to Educating Ourselves in Our Own Diversity - page 6
SARAH OSSEY

Educators Learing to Address Race: An Uneasy and Critical Process - page 8
PROFESSOR SHIRA EVE EPSTEIN

The Power of "We" - page 10
YAVILAH MCCOY

Why Race and Ethnicity Are Absent from the Conversation About Jewish Education - page 12
RABBI RUTH ABUSCH-MAGDER, PHD

Toward Inclusive Pedagogical Content Knowledge for Jewish Learners with Disabilities - page 15
RABBI RUTI REGAN

Inscribed Upon Your Doorpost: Our Responsibility to LGBTQ Young People - page 17
IDIT KLEIN AND JUSTIN ROSEN SMOLEN

From "Impure" to Sage: Transforming Our Conception of the Educator - page 20
LAYNIE SOLOMAN

From Field Preparation to the Harvest: A Formula for Practicing Deep Institutional Pluralism - page 22
RABBI SCOTT SLARSKEY

To Open the Gates, Let's Open Our Mouths More Mindfully - page 24
RABBI MATT DREFFIN


Mixed organoboranes can be conveniently prepared in a single stage by treatment of a dialkylborane with various lithium dialkyl- or diaryl-cuprates.


Cloud computing provides means for reducing over- and under-provisioning through enabling a highly flexible resource allocation. Running an existing software system on a cloud computing basis can involve extensive reengineering activities during the migration. To reduce the correspondent effort, it is often possible to deploy an existing system widely unmodified in IaaS VM instances. However, this simplistic migration approach does not solve the challenge of over- and under-provisioning or scalability issues per se, as our experiments using Eucalyptus and the popular open source system Apache OFBiz show. Moreover, current migration approaches suffer from several further shortcomings. For example, they are often limited to specific cloud environments or do not provide automated support for the alignment with a cloud environment. We present our model-based approach CloudMIG which addresses these shortcomings. It aims at supporting SaaS providers to semi-automatically migrate existing enterprise software systems to scalable and resource-efficient PaaS and IaaS-based applications. To facilitate reasoning about the suitability of certain cloud environments for a given system and the degree of alignment during the reengineering process, we introduce the Cloud Suitability and Alignment (CSA) hierarchy. For example, Apache OFBiz used in our experiments is initially categorized "cloud compatible" but not "cloud optimized" as it does not exploit the cloud's advantages.


The irrigation system on the Jing river changed a lot during Tang dynasty. The Zheng Guo channel and Bai channel used to be the arterials from north to the south in the area. After several times rebuilt ,the head part of Zheng Guo channel gradually lost its efficiency in the mid-Tang dynasty .Its downstream ,such as Ye river, Qing river ,Zhuo river, Qi river, Ju river all formed their own independent irrigation system .The Jing river's diversion system mainly by the Bai channel, gradually developed into three trunk from the south via middle to the north, those are, the three gateway, Peng Cheng weir, and the tapping facility worked sound ,the trunk and the branch matched well, and the irrigation system tends to be perfect, managerial technique advanced unprecedented .What we mentioned above had bring into play huge economic efficiency in that time.


It has been only a few years since our nation suddenly awoke to the serious problem of controlling pollution in all forms. The most important development is the greater participation of the federal government in what had traditionally been a "states rights" area. This had led to restrictive legislation, appropriations of funds, and enforcement hearings; and these factors are creating a growing need for legal advice both to private industry and the government. In 1965, 1966 and 1967, important legislation dealing with various aspects of the problem was passed at both federal and state levels. Significantly, in almost all cases, the voting in favor of measures for pollution abatement was unanimous.


Icelanders gradually adopted an Individual Transferable Quota (ITQ) system in the Icelandic fisheries. This property rights based system yielded benefits to the economy but was not applied to all fishermen. Some fishermen remained outside of the ITQ system and were subject to other management measures. In this paper we investigate the effects of various effort restrictions on the behaviour of fishermen outside of the ITQ system. Empirical estimates from duration model analysis are presented which measure the effects of various management measures aimed at effecting the behaviour of those 'outsiders' as well as the indirect effect of the ITQ system on the behaviour of those who stayed outside of it. The conclusions show that outsiders had incentives to stay outside of the ITQ system and free-rided from the behaviour of the ITQ fleet. Management measures aimed at restricting their effort proved to be useless. The conclusions can be generalized to other situations where property rights based management systems are used and economic agents harvest a common resource pool.


Seitz and Farmer (1969 demonstrated the interaction of intrinsic motivational variables with conditions of learning in guided, or prompted (P) and trial-and-error, or confirmation (C) studies using institutional and noninstitutional educable subjects. In this study institutionalized educable and trainable MR children were compared in a discrimination learning task in an identical . peradigm. Results indicate that social reinforcement may not be as motivating for trainable as for educable Ss, and further that guided learning is not as effective is trial and -error learning for this type of task and trainable Ss. An Investigation of Factors Influencing Learning in the Mentally Retarded, and Their Use in the Design of Instructional Materials Differential Effects of Motivational Var'.ables In Two Levels of Mnta1 Retardation Michael Farmer and Sue Seitz The University of Texas and Texas Research Institute


1.1. The first true linguistic typologist – recognisable as a predecessor by the likes of ourselves, now publishing in journals like Linguistic Typology – was Giovanni Domenico Campanella (1568–1639). A Dominican friar from Calabria (Fra Tommaso by monastic name) who was to rise to lasting fame as a utopian social thinker with his La città del sole, Campanella was a philosopher in the wide and colourful Renaissance sense. As was the standard repertoire, his Philosophia realis (1623) covered Physiologia, Ethica, Politica, and Oeconomica, and his Philosophia rationalis (1638) continued with Dialectica, Grammatica, Rhetorica, Poetica, and Historiographia; but, with labour not yet divided between scholar and wizard, Campanella also distinguished himself as a seeker of arcaner truths. However far he may have strayed from his early rationalism, the grammar part of his Philosophia rationalis did show Campanella (now in exile in Paris, after almost thirty years in prison for religious and political reasons) the sober champion of sense experience that he had been since his very first, antiAristotelian beginnings: he was able, or indeed bound, to advance linguistic theory because he let himself be guided by observation rather than doctrine. This was in stark contrast to current practice in the ever popular genre of Universal Grammar (UG), where conventional accounts of Latin and Greek, and whatever could be accommodated (however awkwardly) of the Romance or Germanic mother tongues of the respective Universal Grammarians, were felt to be all it needed to keep speculation going, if mostly in circles. Campanella was aware of what was then known about these particular languages: the contemporary Romance vernaculars (Italian, French, and Spanish, the latter the language of Southern Italy's rulers), Latin, Ancient Greek, Biblical Hebrew (and Chaldean), (Classical) Arabic, Turkish, and Chinese and Viet-


Recent research into community resilience, both in Australia and the United Kingdom (UK), indicates that resilience is a multi-dimensional attribute that in its different forms contributes in various but equally important ways to disaster recovery. The author starts with the premise that effective recovery can be achieved only where the affected community participates fully in the recovery process and where it has the capacity, skills and knowledge to make its participation meaningful. Resilience addresses the second of these qualities; in fact it may be defined as the total of the individual elements, but is ineffectual without the means of engagement through participation with the wider social, economic and political communities. The research focuses on four particular areas: 1. The changing risk landscape where new types of risks are emerging that are not amenable to the traditional command and control management model. 2. The changing policy agenda of governments since the attacks of 911 1, in particular the UK's Resilience Agenda. 3. The engagement of local people, whether planned or not, in the recovery process. 4. The limited capacity of emergency services to deal with the protracted and multifarious demands of comprehensive recovery. This research is derived from a variety of sources including direct experience in recovery management and the investigation of community and emergency service responses to different types of disasters. Community resilience is largely neglected in planning and in operations, though in practice community engagement in recovery, a measure of resilience tends to happen spontaneously. In this sense resilience may be inherent or at least developed in situ after a disaster. However, resilience can also be planned for and developed before a disaster strikes. The author indicates that there are a variety of capacity building methods, and especially linkages with other capacity building programmes, that can materially increase community resilience.


The effect of double-wave-front reversal in the system of dipolar and dipole-exchange spin waves propagating in a ferrite film is studied experimentally and theoretically with the goal of development of a nonlinear microwave signal processor. In the proposed processor microwave signal pulse supplied to the input antenna excites in the ferrite film a long-wavelength dipolar spin wave (magnetostatic wave), which in the course of propagation is scattered on the film inhomogeneities and is transformed into short-wavelength long-lifetime dipole-exchange spin waves. Then, a sequence of two high-power double-frequency parametric pumping pulses, supplied to the film through an open dielectric resonator with a certain time delay between them, performs first, and then second, wave-front reversal for all the spin waves created by the input signal in the ferrite film. As a result of this double wave-front reversal process microwave output pulses with either reversed (input antenna) or nonreversed (output antenna) tim...


Knowledge and science process skills are important in the science classroom. Science processes are thinking processes that foster lifelong learning. In inquiry-based science learning, students are engaged in many of the activities and thinking processes that scientists use to produce new knowledge. The inquiry approach can be implemented effectively with the use of questions leading to an investigation through which students learn to understand the content of the subject. This study investigated the effectiveness of a question-based inquiry module (QBIM) for learning biological knowledge and science process skills. The research participants were 34 eight graders of junior high school. The results showed biological knowledge and science process skills of students were mostly in the good category. The effectiveness index (EI) of biological knowledge and science process skills were 85.29 % and 79.41% respectively. The students' responses to the implementation of QBIM were positive. The students stated that they enjoyed learning biology (91.18%), the learning was considered attractive (97.06%), the module was easy to learn (85.29%), the tasks were challenging (85.29%), and the assessment was good (97.06). QBIM was an effective medium for teaching biological knowledge and science process skills. The findings of this study also pointed out the students' positive responses to the QBIM-based science learning.


This paper, through a simulation study, examines the behaviour of Wald's, the likelihood ratio and Rao's tests for testing (a) simple hypotheses, (b) one-dimensional composite hypotheses, as well as (c) multi-dimensional composite hypotheses. Peers (1971) has shown that none of these three asymptotic test procedures is uniformly superior to the other two tests for testing simple hypotheses versus composite hypotheses. In a series of papers, Chandra and Joshi (1983), Chandra and Mukerjee (1985), and Chandraand Samanta (1988) have claimed that for large sample size, Rao's size-adjusted test is locally more powerful than either the size-adjusted likelihood ratio test or the size-adjusted Wald test, when these tests are performed at a common and sufficiently low level of significance. In the present study, the tests were performed at the standard levels (5% and 1%) of significance, and various local alternatives were considered. For sample size as small as 20, the simulation study appears to support the resul...


In the last lecture, we motivated and described Zwegers' type (n, 1) indefinite theta functions. Several key objectives remain. Firstly, we have to describe their exact relation to the theory of harmonic Maass forms, and in particular how to compute their shadows. After all, something should really only count as a completion if it is "simpler" than the thing you started with (without some restriction like this, you could always "complete" a function by adding minus itself to it!). Finally, we have to discuss the proof. Although we will not give all details of the proof, and although we won't follow Zwegers' original proof, we shall try to emphasize the intuition behind it and explain "why" functions like E(z) should arise in our theta functions. This will be crucial when we discuss more general types of indefinite theta functions in the next lecture as well.


Current WiFi positioning systems (WPSs) require databases - such as locations of WiFi access points and propagation parameters, or a radio map - to assist with positioning. Typically, procedures for building such databases are time-consuming and labour-intensive. In this paper, two autonomous crowdsourcing systems are proposed to build the databases on handheld devices by using our designed algorithms and an inertial navigation solution from a Trusted Portable Navigator (T-PN). The proposed systems, running on smartphones, build and update the database autonomously and adaptively to account for the dynamic environment. To evaluate the performance of automatically generated databases, two improved WiFi positioning schemes (fingerprinting and trilateration) corresponding to these two database building systems, are also discussed. The main contribution of the paper is the proposal of two crowdsourcing-based WPSs that eliminate the various limitations of current crowdsourcing-based systems which (a) require a floor plan or GPS, (b) are suitable only for specific indoor environments, and (c) implement a simple MEMS-based sensors' solution. In addition, these two WPSs are evaluated and compared through field tests. Results in different test scenarios show that average positioning errors of both proposed systems are all less than 5.75 m.


High-speed atomic force microscope has been a promising tool for dynamic process investigation in the fields such as crystallization, phase change, biological and biophysical events, nanolithography as well as industrial serial production. In the paper, the principle of atomic and friction force microscopic imaging is first described. A high-speed atomic and friction force microscopic imaging system based on a novel optical beam deflection design is then presented in details. Topographic and friction force images of a fluorine-doped tin oxide-coated conductive glass surface taken with the system are given, showing that the system has the high speed imaging capability with a nanometer resolution.


This Article encourages HUD to establish installation standards for mobile or manufactured homes (referred to as MHs in the Article for ease of reference) as required by the 2000 Manufactured Housing Improvement Act ("MHIA"), and aims to raise awareness regarding the overlooked burdens and realities of MH contracting that threaten MH safety. It also invites policymakers to craft additional safety and financing regulations that account for the unique character and complexities of MH transactions, and explains that such protections are necessary to protect MHs as the fastest growing source of affordable housing in the United States.


The charge on micron-sized dust grains plays a crucial role in the structure and evolution of forming aggregates within the dust population during the coagulation process. The manner in which the charge is arranged on developing irregular structures can affect the fractal dimension of aggregates formed during collisions, which in turn influences the coagulation rate and size evolution of the dust cloud. Preliminary models for the charge evolution on fractal aggregates immersed in a plasma environment calculated using a modification to the orbital-motion-limited (OML) theory are presented in this paper.


This chapter continues to detail the history of the social justice–focused Cambridge movement and white politicos' use of laissez-faire gradualism to thwart it. It discusses Richardson's growing influence in the Cambridge movement, particularly her ideas about who should be involved in the movement, what its goals should be, and what strategies and tactics should be used to achieve them. She rejected the politics of respectability, which stressed adherence to certain dress and personal behavior standards, and presented herself to white leaders, including Attorney General Robert F. Kennedy, as an unflinching advocate for black liberation. This chapter also covers Richardson's role in the "Treaty of Cambridge," a formal agreement between city leaders and CNAC that outlined the steps white leaders would take to address the city's racial issues.