Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra of nitrogen dioxide layers deposited at various rates and substrate temperatures, are reported. Bands assignable to N2O4(D2h) (ordered and disordered layers), to O=N–O–NO2 ''D'' and ''D''' isomers, to NO+NO−3 nitrosonium nitrate and to the NO2 monomer were observed. The relative amounts of species depends upon deposition conditions. Temperature cycling effects were followed up to 205 K. Solid N2O4(D2h) behaves like a normal, stable molecular solid, its disordered layer exhibiting small frequency shifts, but also being stable with respect to temperature cycling. The observation of NO+NO−3 bands is related to the existence of the D' isomer and of monomeric NO2. Raman experiments overemphasize the NO+NO−3 form due to resonant enhancement.


Earth may have become the blue planet just 200 million years after it formed, making it a welcoming home for life hundreds of millions of years earlier than people thought. But hell may actually have been relatively shortlived. Judith Coggon and her colleagues at the University of Bonn in Germany have found that rocks in Greenland contain a chemical signature from the mantle 4.1 billion years ago--just 400 million years after Earth was born. That signal suggests conditions at the time may have been more like they are today than people expected.


A new rerouting approach for vehicular transit is introduced. The approach is illustrated with a real world scenario and evaluated through a hardware-in-the-loop simulation platform.


In the world of technology that is growing very rapidly at this time, has enough people who feel a high level of saturation point will be twists hard enough life, to overcome the saturation point people have their own ways to overcome them. In eliminating boredom by playing games a lot also someone chooses gaming PC with a wide variety of games. And for more emphasis on these types of games the author wants to build a gaming PC that is intended to educate the game lovers do not see the point of saturated own. To generate Mouse Hunter Game application using Macromedia Flash animation programs is very popular today. Macromedia Flash is widely used to create web animations, animated cartoons, interactive games to applications.


In order to constrain the bolometric luminosities, dust properties, and molecular gas content of giant Lyα nebulae, the so-called Lyα blobs, we have carried out a study of dust continuum and CO line emission in two well-studied representatives of this population at z ∼ 3: an Lyα blob discovered by its strong Spitzer Multiband Infrared Photometer 24 μm detection (LABd05) and the Steidel blob 1 (SSA22-LAB01). We find that the spectral energy distribution of LABd05 is well described by an active-galactic-nucleus–starburst composite template with LFIR = (4.0 ± 0.5) × 1012 L☉, comparable to high-z submillimeter galaxies and ultraluminous infrared galaxies. New Large APEX Bolometer Camera 870 μm measurements rule out the reported Submillimeter Common-User Bolometer Array detection of the SSA22-LAB01 (S850 μm = 16.8 mJy) at the >4σ level. Consistent with this, ultradeep Plateau de Bure Interferometer observations with ∼2″ spatial resolution also fail to detect any 1.2 mm continuum source down to ≈0.45 mJy beam−1 (3σ). Combined with the existing (sub)millimeter observations in the literature, we conclude that the FIR luminosity of SSA22-LAB01 remains uncertain. No CO line is detected in either case down to integrated flux limits of SνΔV ≲ 0.25–1.0 Jy km s−1, indicating a modest molecular gas reservoir, M(H2) < (1–3) × 1010 M☉. The non-detections exclude, with high significance (12σ), the previous tentative detection of a CO J = 4–3 line in the SSA22-LAB01. The increased sensitivity afforded by the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array will be critical in studying molecular gas and dust in these interesting systems.


Manganese oxihydroxide behaviour has been studied under heat treatment to understand the transformation mechanisms and subsequently to gain insights into the preparation procedures of black painting materials during the Palaeolithic period. These manganese oxihydroxides have been studied as a function of heat treatment by TEM, XRD, DTA and FTIR and XANES (Mn K-edge) spectroscopies. These materials have been used as black pigments during the Palaeolithic period to realise rock art paintings such as in Lascaux (Dordogne, France) and Gargas (Midi-Pyrénées, France). Specific morphological, chemical and structural criteria were determined to distinguish between natural and heat-treated pigments.


An abstract of your manuscript, summarizing the content in no more than 200 words, should be provided. Abstracts should follow a structured format. For empirical studies, this will usually Stellenbosch University http://scholar.sun.ac.za


Dialdehyde cellulose( DAC) was prepared via sodium periodate as selective oxidized agent. A 3 ×3 orthogonal experiment was applied in the experiment,with factors including oxidant concentration,reaction temperature and pH value. The optimal reaction conditions were determined with content of aldehyde group as an indicator. The optimum conditions were listed as following: the reaction temperature is 35 ℃,molar ratio of sodium periodate to cellulose is 2∶ 1,and pH is 2. It was found that the factors affecting the reaction were successively the temperature,pH value and the oxidant concentration. The molecular structure of dialdehyde cellulose is characterized with infrared spectrum.


SUMMARY The paraganglioma are tumors of slow growing and highly vascularized, with presentation between the third and fifth decades of life without a clear predisposition for either sex. They are functioning in 25 % - 60 % of patients. Case of female patient 39 years old, presents with low back pain radiating to the ipsilateral sharp right lower extremity CT imaging of the chest, abdomen and pelvis is requested, showing occupied space lesion retroperitoneal, performing multiple biopsies which initially reported negative for malignancy. Turn to 4 years after consultation with CT abdomen and thorax, with evidence of your retro peritoneum and multiple liver and lung occupied space lesions, review of biopsy and immunohistochemistry are compatible with paraganglioma, concluding as extra adrenal not funcionante retroperitoneal paraganglioma with un resecable liver metastases and lung, receiving chemotherapy regimen with complete clinical response of lung and liver injury and a partial becoming resecable retroperitoneal injury.


Geologic mapping carried out in the Mossâmedes-Sanclerlândia - Corrego do Ouro region , State of Goias, lead to the separation of the following geologic units in the southwestern part of the Serra Dourada : The Basal Complex of Goias occurs in the north of the area, comprising cataclastic muscovite-granite-gneiss and migmatitic biotite-gneiss. The Araxa Group appears south of the ridge, and includes cordierite-hornblende-gneiss, garnet-biotite-muscovite gneiss, amphibolite, garnet-muscovite-schist, calcitic muscovite-biotite-schist and minor quartzite, marble and amphibole-schist. The sequence was intruded by two gabbro-norite-ultramaphite bodies, which are possibly chronologically related to a layer of greenschist unconformably overlying the Basal Complex in the North. The Upper Precambrian Canastra Group is the youngest unit of the region. It rests unconformably over the Basal Complex and the greenschist, whereas towards the South it is separated through and inverse fault from the Araxa Group. The group is composed of tourmaline-chlorite-schist, muscovitic quartzite with numerous intraformational conglomerate lenses in the upper part , quartz-schist and phyllite.


Due to the vast volume of publications in nowadays research environment, methods for analyzing, organizing, and accessing information from large databases are in great need. Through appropriate analytic tools, competitive intelligence can be revealed to enhance the organization or individual performance. This article will show how a free software package called CATAR carry on the analysis about the literature of the Adult Education science. Adult Education Quarterly (AEQ) is a scholarly forum of research and theory in adult education. The field of adult education is broad-based and inter disciplinary, during 1990 to 2010 having 672 papers from the ISI Web of Knowledge database was collected. The data analyzed include the distribution of authors' countries, topical clusters, the most cited references, the productivity rankings, and others to provide information for further study. Our analysis scenario also suggests a feasible way of analyzing other similar data for readers interesting in literature mining applications.


We study four dimensional N = 2 supersymmetric gauge theory in the -background with the two dimensional N = 2super-Poincare invariance. We explain how this gauge theoryprovides thequantization oftheclassicalintegrablesystemunderlyingthemoduli space ofvacua ofthe ordinaryfourdimensional N = 2theory. The e-parameter isidentifiedwiththePlanckconstant, thetwistedchiralringmapstoquantumHamiltonians,the supersymmetric vacua are identified with Bethe states of quantum integrable systems. This four dimensional gauge theory in its low energy description has two dimensional


geted inhibition of one of several effector–inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1, TNF or eventually IL-6, IL-8 or IL-23/T helper 17. However, according to the genetics and mechanistic findings in DITRA on the one hand, and the major clinical benefit obtained with anakinra in the IL-1a/ b-dependent syndrome DIRA (deficiency of IL-1 receptor antagonist) on the other hand, it appears more appealing to support the development of IL-36-targeted inhibition strategies.


This study sets out the basic facts necessary for an understanding of the current problems, trends and tensions in French library and information manpower. It reports on the various types of library and information service in France; on the levels of work within them; on career structures and promotion chances; on the education and qualifications tied into those structures; and on the government's role in maintaining or changing them. A list of abbreviations used, with brief explanations, is appended.


Road transport of goods by overloaded trucks creates a number of serious problems on Europe's road network. These include unfair competition, safety, mobility and last but not least the considerable extra costs for additional maintenance/repair of the roads. After finishing previous EU projects that had mainly been focusing on the technological side of WIM, it was recognized, that these projects would need a follow up, that would focus more on the implementation WIM-systems within the EU. That is why the REMOVE project was initiated. The name 'REMOVE' stands for Requirements for EnforceMent of Overloaded Vehicles in Europe. The proposal for the REMOVE project is submitted to DGTREN as part of the Call for Proposals for a Grand Application Transport 2003. At this moment the contract for the project is in the last stages of being signed.


The present study examined the effects of therapist presence and the addition of relaxation training on the efficacy and generalizability of in vivo exposure procedures in the treatment of multiply-phobic individuals. Thirty-two individuals who were severely phobic of at least two objects/situations were assigned to one of three treatment groups or a waiting list control group, but received treatment for only one phobia. The Exposure Alone group received prolonged exposure to a phobic stimulus while alone in a room with that stimulus. The Exposure + Relaxation group were also exposed to a phobic stimulus but had received additional training in a relaxation technique. Subjects in the Exposure + Therapist group were accompanied by a nonanxious/nonavoiding "therapist" during exposure sessions. All treatment groups improved significantly, but the Exposure + Therapist group demonstrated significantly greater extinction of fear responses related to the treated phobias than the other groups. The Exposure + Relaxation group demonstrated the greatest generalization of treatment effects to untreated phobias. Clinical and theoretical implications are discussed.


Abstract The F.I.R. spectra of CoL2X2 complexes (X = Cl, Br, I and L = , where for R = H, R' = H, Me, Et and R = R' = Me, Et and Y = S, Se) have been investigated in order to locate the CoY vibrations by means of selenation. The mass effect of the halogens and selenium has enabled us to identify both vCoX and vCoY vibrations. The bending motions are strongly coupled.


This study examines neurocognitive functioning in a large, well‐characterized sample of homeless adults with mental illness and assesses demographic and clinical factors associated with neurocognitive performance.


To construct a expression recombinant plasmid pET-32a-85b of Mycobacterium bovis ag85b gene,ag85b gene of Mycobacterium bovis was amplified(PCR method) from the Mycobacterium bovis AF2122/97,the ag85b contained 978 bp.Amplification product and vector pET-32a were cut by endonuclease EcoR Ⅰ and Sal Ⅰ.Then the two restriction products were linked together by T4 DNA ligase for cloning ag85b gene into vector pET-32a to construct recombinant plasmid.The recombinant plasmid was transformed into E.coli DH5α.Firstly,extractive recombinant plasmid was cut by double cloning enzymes EcoR Ⅰ and Sal Ⅰ.Secondly,recombinant plasmid was checked by PCR amplification.Lastly,sequencing of recombinant plasmid was done.The cutting product size and amplification product size were in accord with anticipation,sequencing of recombinant plasmid showed that sequence of amplification gene ag85b was same with the sequence from GenBank.The ag85b gene was successfully amplified and cloned into pET-32a expression vector.


The crystalline or liquid character of the downward cusp states in N-electron parabolic quantum dots at high magnetic fields is investigated using conditional probability distributions obtained from exact diagonalization. These states are of crystalline character for fractional fillings covering both low and high values, unlike the liquid Jastrow-Laughlin wave functions, but in remarkable agreement with the rotating-Wigner-molecule ones [Phys. Rev. B 66, 115315 (2002)]. The crystalline arrangement consists of concentric polygonal rings that rotate independently of each other, with the electrons on each ring rotating coherently. We show that the rotation stabilizes the Wigner molecule relative to the static one defined by the broken-symmetry unrestrictedHartree-Fock solution. We discuss the nonrigid behavior of the rotating Wigner molecule and pertinent features of the excitation spectrum, including the occurrence of a gap between the ground and first-excited states that underlies the incompressibility of the system. This leads us to conjecture that the rotating crystal (and not the static one) remains the relevant ground state for low fractional fillings even at the thermodynamic limit.


We are living in the age of information where our lives are shaped by information and communication technologies. As a consequence, there is an explosion in the amount of generated data. Distribute storage systems (DSSs) are a storage technology wherein large amounts of data are stored on a network of inexpensive storage nodes in a distributed fashion, in an efficient and inexpensive way. This thesis explores three aspects of DSSs: efficient storage, security, and privacy. We start with the description of DSSs as they are the underlying theme for the majority of the thesis. For such systems, we propose a code construction that performs efficient repair of failed systematic nodes with low repair complexity. We construct such codes by concatenating two different classes of codes. The first code serves to provide the ability to tolerate node failures, while the second allows for efficient and low complexity repair. The proposed codes achieve better repair bandwidth compared to maximum distance separable (MDS) codes, codes constructed using piggybacks, and local reconstruction/Pyramid codes, while they have a better repair complexity compared to MDS, Zigzag, Pyramid codes, and codes constructed using piggybacks. Next, we consider the notion of information-theoretic security in DSSs. To this end, we assume an eavesdropper model that has access to the data stored on a subset of nodes and a subset of the data exchanged during the repair of nodes. We present a secure coding scheme that is secure against this adversary. Furthermore, the proposed scheme ensures an efficient node repair. The security is achieved by appending the data with random symbols, and encoding the resulting sequence using a concatenated coding scheme consisting of a Gabidulin code and a repairable fountain code. We then move toward the problem of private information retrieval (PIR) in DSSs. PIR is the problem of retrieving data from the nodes without revealing the identity of the requested data (or files) to the nodes. A scheme that achieves PIR is referred to as a PIR protocol, and its efficiency is determined by its PIR rate, i.e., the ratio of downloaded data and the requested file size. For the DSS scenario, we present PIR protocols for two cases: first, where some nodes act as spies, which do not collaborate, with a goal of determining what the user is requesting. We refer to this scenario as the noncolluding case, and, second, where these nodes collaborate together in order to determine the request of a user, which we refer to as the colluding case. For the noncolluding case, we show that it is possible to achieve MDS-PIR capacity, i.e., the maximum PIR rate achieved by any protocol when the DSS stores the data using an MDS code, even when the codes used by the DSS are non-MDS. We go on to give a necessary and a sufficient condition based on the structure of the storage code for our PIR protocol to achieve this capac-


Objective Predicting the risk of future events is an essential part of health economic simulation models. In pursuit of this goal, the current study aims to predict the risk of developing first and second acute myocardial infarction, heart failure, non-acute ischaemic heart disease, and stroke after diagnosis in patients with type 2 diabetes, using data from the Swedish National Diabetes Register. Material and Methods Register data on 29,034 patients with type 2 diabetes were analysed over five years of follow up (baseline 2003). To develop and validate the risk equations, the sample was randomly divided into training (75%) and test (25%) subsamples. The Weibull proportional hazard model was used to estimate the coefficients of the risk equations, and these were validated in both the training and the test samples. Results In total, 4,547 first and 2,418 second events were observed during the five years of follow up. Experiencing a first event substantially elevated the risk of subsequent events. There were heterogeneities in the effects of covariates within as well as between events; for example, while for females the hazard ratio of having a first acute myocardial infarction was 0.79 (0.70–0.90), the hazard ratio of a second was 1.21 (0.98–1.48). The hazards of second events decreased as the time since first events elapsed. The equations showed adequate calibration and discrimination (C statistics range: 0.70–0.84 in test samples). Conclusion The accuracy of health economic simulation models of type 2 diabetes can be improved by ensuring that they account for the heterogeneous effects of covariates on the risk of first and second cardiovascular events. Thus it is important to extend such models by including risk equations for second cardiovascular events.


The age-old controversy between church and the arts has not been resolved by a long shot. The ethically repellent in modern art is definitely over-emphasized at the cost of the ethically acceptable. This leads to the question about the Christian response to a play with a non-Christian lifeview, one in which the characters use crude language and in which vulgar actions are indulged in.


This study aims to see the effect of (1) Organizational culture on employee motivation in the Finance Division of the Sungai Penuh City Regional Secretariat (2) Job satisfaction on the work motivation of employees of the Regional Secretariat of the Regional Secretariat of Sungai Penuh (3) Work experience on the work motivation of employees of the Finance Section of the Regional Secretariat of Sungai Penuh City(4)Organizational culture, job satisfaction and work experience have a joint effect on the work motivation of employees of the Regional Secretariat of Sungai Penuh City. The population in this study were all employees Sungai penuh City Regional Secretariat Finance Sectionas many as 31 people. The technique of determining the number of samples using total sampling. The data analysis technique used multiple regression by fulfilling the requirements of the classical assumption test of normality, and multicollinearity, heteroscedasticity. The results of this study indicate that (1) Organizational culturehas a positive significant effect on employee motivation in the Finance Division of the Sungai Penuh City Regional Secretariat (2) Job satisfactiongive a positive influence on the work motivation of the employees of the Regional Secretariat of the Finance Division of Sungai Penuh City (3) Work experienceprovide a positive influence on the work motivation of employees of the Regional Secretariat of the Finance Division of Sungai Penuh City (4) Organizational culture, job satisfaction and work experiencecollectively have a positive effect on the work motivation of the employees of the Regional Secretariat of the City of Sungai Penuh.


Concurrent programming is notably known as a hard discipline. Over the last few years, great strides have been made in improving concurrent programming abstractions, techniques, and tools to ease concurrent programming practice. However, little effort has been placed on assessing what are the real-world problems faced by developers when writing concurrent applications. In this paper, we describe an empirical investigation of the top-250 most popular questions about concurrent programming on StackOverflow. We observed that even though some questions (22.94%) are related to practical problems (e.g., "how to fix this concurrency bug"), most of them (66.23%) are related to basic concepts (e.g., "what is a mutex?"), which were created by well- experienced StackOverflow users. Curiously, we did not find any question about how to use concurrent programming techniques to improve application performance.


C‐X‐C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) is an alpha‐chemokine receptor specific for stromal cell‐derived factor 1 (SDF‐1 also called CXCL12). The antagonist of CXCR4 can mobilize CD34+ cells and hematopoietic stem cells from bone marrow within several hours, and it has an efficacy on diabetes ulcer through acting on the SDF‐1/CXCR4 axis. In this study, we investigated for the first time whether the antagonist of CXCR4 (Plerixafor/AMD3100) delivered on acellular dermal matrix (ADM) may accelerate diabetes‐impaired wound healing. ADM scaffolds were fabricated from nondiabetic mouse skin through decellularization processing and incorporated with AMD3100 to construct ADM‐AMD3100 scaffold. Full‐thickness cutaneous wound in streptozotocin (STZ)‐induced diabetic mice were treated with ADM, AMD3100, or ADM‐AMD3100. 21 days after treatment, wound closure in ADM‐AMD3100‐treated mice was more complete than ADM group and AMD3100 group, and it was accompanied by thicker collagen formation. Correspondingly, diabetic mice treated with ADM‐AMD3100 demonstrated prominent neovascularization (higher capillary density and vascular smooth muscle actin), which were accompanied by up‐regulated mRNA levels of SDF‐1 and enhanced migration of CXCR4 in the granulation tissue. Our results demonstrate that ADM scaffold provide perfect niche for loading AMD3100 and ADM‐AMD3100 is a promising method for diabetic wound healing mainly by increasing expression of SDF‐1 and enhancing migration of CXCR4‐positive cells.


In his 1960 book, The Other America, Michael Harrington helped launch the "war on poverty" when he spoke of the persistence of poverty despite our generally affluent society. He called our attention to the need to open our eyes to the plight of the "invisible poor" and the impact of poverty on their lives. Twenty-five years later, Jonathan Kozol again awakened us to the issue of poverty in his book, Rachel and Her Children: Homeless Families in America. In the chapter titled, "The Road to Potter's Field," Kozol documented the lament and sorrow of a poor family with an infant who dies in her first year of life from a presumed perinatal infection. Rachel's baby was born at a low birthweight, visually and hearing impaired, hydrocephalic, developmentally delayed and with a seizure disorder. Behind the statistics on childhood poverty, there is a face to family impoverishment and the lost potential of our children.


Distributed key-value stores employ large main memory caches to mitigate the high costs of disk access. A challenge for such caches is that large scale distributed stores simultaneously face multiple workloads, often with drastically different characteristics. Interference between such competing workloads leads to performance degradation through inefficient use of the main memory cache. This paper diagnoses the cache interference seen for representative workloads and then develops A-Cache, an adaptive set of main memory caching methods for distributed key-value stores. Focused on read performance for common workload patterns, A-Cache leads to throughput improvements of up to 150% for competing data-intensive applications running on server class machines.


Plant fibers are of increasing interest for use in composite materials. They are renewable resources and waste management is easier than with glass fibers. In the present study, longitudinal stiffn ...


There is an urgent need to transform the way we shape our built environment. Royal BAM Group is taking a leading role in the digital transformation of the industry. We are building the present while we are creating the future. We "make it before we make it", in other words: we built it digital first, before we built it physically. After a brief introduction to Royal BAM Group, the WHY, the HOW and the WHAT are discussed, including examples of using digital technologies in real projects. The WHY part focusses on the needs of the digital transformation for the construction industry, showing that the world of construction is changing. In the second part, the HOW part, Royal BAM Group's vision and strategy on the digital transformation is entailed. In the final part, the WHAT part, actual examples from daily practice in BAM are presented. Final conclusions and a summary of the presentation concludes the keynote.


With the advent of globalisation at the end of the twentieth century, and a rising consciousness of the long-lasting consequences of European imperial colonizations in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, the "Empires" of earlier periods have come to be seen as appropriate objects of investigation and reflection in a new "world history" (Cooper and Burbank, Martinez-Gros). While a generation earlier Eric Hobsbawm still referred to "the Age of Empire" as encompassing the turn of the ninetee...


This research is aimed at finding out to what extent IBL strategy can affect students speaking ability and to find out the significant of IBL strategy on students speaking ability. The populations of this study were all students in second grade at SMAN 7 Bengkulu. The samples of this study were 30 students on one class of second grade at SMAN 7 Bengkulu Selatan. This study used quasi-experimental study with one group design in order to test hypotheses. The study was conducted by pretest, the treatment in three meetings by using IBL strategy and posttest to the students. The instruments of this study were pretest and posttest. The result of this research showed that there were increasing scores of students speaking ability from 40,27 to 51,33, the increasing scores covered in; vocabulary aspect (13,54), grammar aspect (10,67), fluency aspect (7,33), and pronunciation aspect (12,67). The conclusions of the study were: firstly, IBL strategy affected students speaking ability with average increasing score of 11,05 covering the four aspects (vocabulary, gramar, fluency and pronunciation) of speaking. Secondly, IBL strategy affected sufficiently significant ( 0,05) on students speaking ability. This current study contributes to give the teachers an additional strategy on the effective strategy for teaching of speaking.


The one-to-one mapping relationship is proved between the process expression of an unbounded Petri net Σ and the language of its process net system Σ_ P , so we can express the language of Σ_ P in order to establish the process expression of Σ . However, it is not easy to describe the language behaviors of Σ_ P directly because its structure is usually complex. A new decomposition method for structure-complex Petri net by assigning an index to each place is introduced, with which Σ_ P can be decomposed into some structure-simple subnet systems. With these subnet systems, the language of Σ_ P can be expressed based on the synchronization intersection operation of languages. By the description of the language of Σ_ P , an algorithm to obtain the process expression of Σ is obtained.


Procedural rights of private parties not only have the outside instrumentalism value of protecting substantial rights of private parties to be reality, but also have independent values of respecting the dignity of private parties and protecting the equal status of private parties and defending procedural justice. If the independent values of procedural rights be realized, two special function of voicing and controlling power will be embodied. From this, we can conclude that it is necessary for administrative legality to protect procedural rights of private parties. We should put the start of this job on systematism of protecting rights and mechanism construction of realizing rights.


Background — The anti-osteoporotic drug raloxifene reduces the risk of vertebral fractures by increasing bone mass density. We investigated whether raloxifene offers any benefits in augmenting early fixation of orthopedic implants in the setting of impaction bone grafting. Methods — 24 non-weight-bearing grafted gap implants were inserted bilaterally into the tibia of 12 dogs. The 2.5-mm peri-implant gap was filled with either raloxifene-impregnated or untreated bone allograft. Implants were harvested after 28 days. Implant fixation was assessed by mechanical testing and histomorphometric evaluation. Results — Raloxifene-treated allograft reduced early implant fixation compared to untreated allograft, as measured by inferior maximum shear strength (p < 0.001) and apparent shear stiffness (p = 0.001). We found that the raloxifene group had more newly formed bone in the gap around the implant (p = 0.02), but also less allograft (p = 0.03). Interpretation — The accelerated allograft resorption in the raloxifene group explained the impaired early fixation, despite its stimulation of new bone formation. Our results with local and possible high-dose treatment are not consistent with current theory regarding the mechanism of how systemic raloxifene administration counteracts the decrease in BMD in postmenopausal women. Instead of being solely anti-resorptive as generally held, our results indicate a possible anabolic side of raloxifene.


With deep research of the high capability of the variable speed compressor,the application of permanent magnetic synchronous reluctance motors become more and more.The inductance of the q-axis and d-axis has the tremendous influence to the capability of motor for permanent magnetic synchronous reluctance motor.The way of Test and Emulation of the inductance of the permanent magnetic synchronous reluctance motor is analyzed,and a more applied way of test and emulation of the inductance of the q-axis and d-axis is got.The test of parameter of the inductance is taken by the way of voltage integral,and it has no evident difference between the result of test and the emulation.Finally,the way of test and emulation is validated truly with the contrast of electromagnetic torque of motor,it has very applied value of referring.


We present the first UV spectral observations of six magnetic cataclysmic variables discovered by the ROSAT Wide Field Camera (WFC). Using the International Ultraviolet Explorer (IUE), 1200–3400 Å spectra were obtained of the AM Herculis stars RE 0531-46, RE 1149+28, RE 1844-74, QS Tel (RE 1938-46), and HU Aqr (RE 2107-05) and the DQ Herculis star PQ Gem (RE 0751+14). The high-state UV spectra are dominated by strong emission lines. Continuum flux distributions for these stars (from 100 to 5500 Å) reveal that over this entire range, none of the spectral energy distributions can be fitted by a single-valued blackbody. Our new UV observations and additional archival IUE spectra were used to discover a correlation between the strength of the high-state UV emission lines and the strength of the white dwarf magnetic field. Model spectral results are used to confirm the production of the UV emission lines by photoionization from X-ray and EUV photons.


This paper aims to evaluate how managers influence accidental and intentional organizational forgetting, i.e. knowledge depreciation, knowledge loss and unlearning.,The literature was reviewed based on predetermined search terms to identify peer-reviewed articles published in English and available in full-text format from the EBSCOhost and Google Scholar databases. Empirical and theoretical contributions were included. Additional articles, books and book chapters were manually selected and included based on recent reviews and syntheses of organizational forgetting work.,Findings revealed that managers contributed to preventing accidental knowledge depreciation and loss and preserving organizational memory. With respect to intentional forgetting, findings revealed contradictory positions: on the one hand, managers contributed to the disbandment of existing beliefs and frames of reference, but on the other hand, they preserved existing knowledge and power structures.,The study was limited by the accessibility of subscribed journals and databases, research scope and time span.,This paper provides useful guidelines to managers who need to reduce the disruptive effects of accidental forgetting or plan intentional forgetting, i.e. managed unlearning.,This paper represents a first attempt to review and define the influence of managers on organizational forgetting.


Geological prospection in covered areas is an important issue,which is confronted with a series of problems to be worked out,such as overcoming ore-generated messages faults ranging from weak to sluggish,overlapping,absent to uncompleted faults and to gain effectively the ore-generated information associated with ore bodies in the covered areas.Identifying the main ore elements and type of mineralization,establishing a regional model of ore genesis-prospection and using the method of nonlinear integrated prediction should be better to strengthen and extract mineralized information from the existing geological data.A primary framework of a new approach on integrated geological prospection in covered areas is presented in this paper.With a case study of Northwestern Xilinguole of Inner Mongolia,it shows the approach and result in detail of its application to grassland-covered area for integrated geological prospection.


With the further spread of the new crown epidemic and the enactment of the "double reduction" policy in 2021, the online education market is challenged by ice and fire. This paper collects data on the size of the online education market and related influencing factors, and introduces multiple linear regression analysis for comparative analysis. I found that is effective in estimating the online education market in the new environment, with significantly higher model accuracy. This has important implications for how to develop a quality online education market, which in turn has significant practical implications for the country's response to the epidemic affecting offline education, meeting people's educational needs, and improving the education system.


Vessel trajectories implied in AIS data are crucial to obtain a good understanding of the maritime traffic situation for shipping safety. Starting from raw AIS data, a trajectory database is created for vessels within surveillance area after parsing, noise reduction, and DBSCAN clustering. With mmsi as the key index, the trajectory for each vessel is extracted ordering by timestamp. To remove the time interval difference between points in trajectories, interpolation and cleaning are carried out on each vessel trajectory to get trajectories with equal time intervals. Through implied motion pattern computation between adjacent points in each trajectory, maneuvering actions can be identified. Then, sailing segments with continuous same maneuvering actions are merged. With sailing segments partition results, critical points are extracted for already known different collision avoidance situations. Trajectory similarity computation for different vessels are computed with our new multi-scale and multi-resolution trajectory matching method. Experiments for the recognition of collision avoidance situations show that the adoption of the matching algorithm with multi-scale and multi-resolution trajectories for different vessel pairs to complete collision avoidance situations analysis is effective and achieves good performance.


Human resources is to develop the productive forces of the core resources during the new era. With the development of Chinese sports career, scientific research plays an important role in the development of sports. The level of the value of human resources has become an important criterion of to judge the competitiveness of sports career. In this paper, we give comprehensive evaluation model of sports science and technology human resources management by building a multi-factor multi-level fuzzy evaluation model, on a basis of pointing out the defect of the traditional econometric model of human resource value, and finally table a instructional proposal on it


Although geologists have been thinking and writing about diffusion in minerals, magmas, and rocks since early in the 20th century (e.g., Penrose 1914; Van Orstrand 1915; Bowen 1921; Eskola 1934; Duffell 1937; Reynolds 1947; Garrels 1949), very few experimental measurements of diffusion in minerals by geologists were published until the 1960's. The development of commercial electron microprobes in the late 1960's made it possible to measure compositional zoning in minerals on a micron scale, which provided both the motivation for and a means of determining diffusion coefficients. This led to a significant increase in the rate of publication of papers on diffusion in minerals during the 1970's (see Fig. 1⇓). Other technological advances (e.g., secondary ion mass spectrometry) have further increased interest in diffusion data, leading to a continued growth of published diffusion coefficients and to the application of a host of experimental designs and measurement techniques (e.g., vapor deposition, Rutherford backscattering, nuclear reactions) that have expanded the range of measurable diffusivities (see Watson and Baxter 2007, Fig. 5⇓; Watson and Dohmen 2010; Cherniak et al. 2010).

 Figure 1.
Numbers of published papers in the mineral diffusion database are shown here by date of publication on a bar graph. There were very few publications of experimentally determined diffusion coefficients for minerals until the 1970's, but there has been significant growth in the publication rate of diffusion papers since then.

As interest in diffusion and the number of published diffusion coefficients have grown, several compilations of diffusion data for minerals have been published to assist researchers in finding the data they need (Harrop 1968; Askill 1970; Freer 1980, 1981; Brady 1995). However, such reviews do not provide easy (electronic) access to the data and they become …


We present spectroscopic observations of 103 galaxies from a sample of interacting galaxies with tails, loops of material or debris. Radial velocities, relative emission-line intensity measurements and optical classifications are presented. Three new Seyfert candidates are identified. The frequency of Seyfert-type nuclei in our sample of strongly interacting galaxies (3.9 per cent; 4/103) is not significantly different from that of the interacting doubles of comparably sized galaxies (3.1 per cent; 4/129), which are presumably at an earlier stage of interaction than the galaxies observed in the present study. However, the lack of a suitable control sample for our interacting samples prevents us from confirming whether interactions and mergers enhance Seyfert nuclear activity compared to that of non-interacting galaxies


Abstract Maintaining vocal health can be challenging for actors and students of acting, given the unique vocal demands placed on the performer's voice including the use of heightened speech, character voices, prolonged speaking at loud volumes, and stage screaming. Vocal fatigue is related to the amount, type, and duration of voice use, and over time, can lead to acute or chronic vocal injury. This article discusses a measurement technique, called vocal dosimetry, which can quantify in real time the vocal fold tissue stresses related to the frequency, intensity, and accumulated duration of vocal fold vibrations. The unique vocal challenges of three different actors (undergraduate student, professional graduate student, and professor of acting) are reviewed in order to examine ways to effectively manage vocal load and optimize vocal health. Ways to monitor, prevent, and recover from vocal fatigue are presented. The actor should adopt the mindset of a vocal athlete, being intentional about training, exercise, self-care, and injury prevention and recovery. Even without access to a vocal dosimeter, actors can benefit from creating and adhering to a plan for managing vocal demands at any stage of a career, and successfully avoid a "vocal overdose."


ABSTRACT This study aimed to compare the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant coliforms and Escherichia coli strains between industrial and antimicrobial-free poultry manure. The mean counts of high-level antibiotic-resistant coliforms were determined using the spread plate technique. Metal and antibiotic resistance of Escherichia coli strains in manure samples was compared using plate dilution and CLSI procedures, respectively. Several multi-drug resistant Escherichia coli strains were screened for plasmids using alkaline lysis method as well. The relative abundance of high-level antibiotic-resistant coliforms was significantly (p < 0.05 and 0.001) higher in industrial manure than in antimicrobial-free manure. Metal analysis indicated that the concentrations of copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), lead (Pb), and cadmium (Cd) in manure samples were significantly (p < 0.05) correlated with the percentage of coliforms resistant to several antibiotics. The number of multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli strains was significantly (p < 0.001) higher in industrial manure (97.4%) than in antimicrobial-free manure (80.7%). Four out of twelve screened Escherichia coli strains harbored plasmids. Considering the high number of drug-resistant isolates in both samples, reductions in co-selecting agents is essential for the effectiveness of antibiotics, along with controlling the activities which cause the spread of resistance.


Based on RMS averaging of the frequency response functions of the absolute acceleration and relative displacement transmissibility, optimal parameters describing the hydraulic engine mount are determined to explain the internal mount geometry. More specifically, it is shown that a line of minima exists to define a relationship between the absolute acceleration and relative displacement transmissibility of a sprung mass using a hydraulic mount as a means of suspension. This line of minima is used to determine several optimal systems developed on the basis of different clearance requirements, hence different relative displacement requirements, and compare them by means of their respective acceleration and displacement transmissibility functions. In addition, the transient response of the mount to a step input is also investigated to show the effects of the optimization upon the time domain response of the hydraulic mount.


cal methods for acid mucopolysaccharides, such as colloidal iron and Alcian blue. MassonFontana stain for melanin pigment may also occasionally prove positive in a few balloon cells. Other differential diagnoses should include, in the ocular context, sebaceous adenoma, granular cell tumour, clear cell hydradenoma, and malignant clear cell neoplasms. In granular cell tumour, the cytoplasm can also look clear although at high power it is usually finely granular. Features more in keeping with a diagnosis of balloon cell naevus in this case are the absence of immunoreactivity to panmacrophage markers (granular cell tumour are often positive) and the presence of characteristic naevus cells adjacent to the main lesion. Adnexal tumours could be ruled in or out of the diagnosis on the basis of cytokeratin staining.


ABSTRACT A nested-PCR protocol based on the linker region of the Plasmodium dihydrofolate reductase-thymidylate synthase gene (dhfr-ts) was developed. This provides highly sensitive specific detection and identification of the five parasite species that infect humans.


Comparative tests were made on a diesel engine fueled by the blended fuel of bio-diesel and diesel in terms of the output power,fuel consumption and emission characteristics.The test results show that the combustion behind time slightly increase,the pressure,pressure go up rate and put the hot rate all move to right,and the biggest worth decrease.The diesel engine uses the admixture fuel the engine function that the output powerfuel consumption are lower,but the emission of HC,CO,NO_x and smoke are improved.


According to the application of the planet detection, visual localization of the planet rover was studied in this paper. A corresponding robot arm plane localization simulation system for real rover robot arm based on stereo vision and virtual reality was developed. The system provided motion parameters of virtual robot arm to real arm by means of off-line teaching, which ensured the rover's safety. The visual orientation theory and the simulation system realization based on OpenGL were introduced in detail. The united experiments between real and virtual systems were made and the high orientation precision was gotten, which verified the validity of the scheme inversely.


An analysis of the bipolar transistor bucket-brigade shift-register operation is presented for comparison to other charge-transfer shift-register schemes. It is shown that incomplete charge transfer, the most important performance limiting effect for the charge-coupled device and the IGFET bucket brigade, is very small under most practical operating conditions for the bipolar transistor bucket brigade. In addition to charge loss due to finite transistor current gain h/SUB fe/ the next most important performance limitation comes from collector-emitter capacitance. It is shown that this collector-emitter capacitance leads to reduced analog time delay on transfer through the register and to signal attenuation effects similar to those resulting from incomplete charge transfer. Using the results of the analysis, experimental data reported by Sangster are discussed and a comparison of the advantages and disadvantages of the bipolar bucket-brigade register with the MOS charge-transfer registers is made.


The spatially controlled synthesis of poly(glycidyl methacrylate-co-ethylene dimethacrylate) monolithic stationary phases in polyimide coated fused silica capillaries by visible light induced radical polymerisation using a three-component initiator and a 660 nm light emitting diode (LED) as a light source is presented here.


. Let X be a separable Banach space. It is shown that every diagonally dominant invertible operator on L1([0, 1], X) can be factored uniquely as a product of an invertible upper triangular operator and an invertible unit lower triangular operator. 1 are upper triangular with respect to the canonical basis of it a factorization is called an LU-factorization. The object of this paper is to prove an analogous result for operators on the space L1 ([0, 1 J, X) of Lebesgue-Bochner integrable functions on [O,IJ with values in a separable Banach space X. We first show that there are natural classes of operators on L1 ([0, IJ, X) to which the terms diagonally dominant, upper triangular and lower triangular may and will be applied. We then show that a diagonally dominant invertible operator on L 1 ([0, IJ,X) has a unique LU-factorization. We base our work on a


This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of organic foliar sprays on the growth of Beta valgaris (Beetroot) plants cultivated soil. Organic foliar sprays were prepared by fermenting method. After 15 days, the fermented liquid was filtered and used as liquid manure. Beetroot seeds were sown in different plots based on randomized block designed method the plots were mark and used by the name as C1 (control), C2 (Chemical) and organic foliar sprays uses different combination like E1, E2, E3 plots. Application of organic foliar sprays shows the impact of decreased the soil pH and enhanced the exchangeable cation levels, organic matter and humic acids and the essential plant nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium it's improved by the OFS. Improvement in the growth traits of Beetroot plants like were observed when compared with water control and chemical fertilized treatment groups. The results indicated that organic foliar sprays packages combination of E3 it shows a valuable resource for enhancing the soil health & fertility and growth root vegetables like beetroot. This study indicated the potential for the reclamation of organic waste as a useful liquid fertilizer for agricultural purposes.


Objective To investigate the effects of Aucubin on blood glucose levels and mitochondria antioxidant capacity in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Methods Diabetic rats were induced by intraperitoneal injection of STZ. Rats were randomly allocated into diabetic group, low dose group,high dose group and normal control group. During and after the treatment, the general state, body weight, blood gloucose, lipid per-oxidative level and antioxidative enzymes activities in mitochondria were observed.Results The level of blood glucose and MDA in the diabetic group significantly increased, and the activities of CAT, GSH-Px and SOD vigor reduced significantly. After the administration of Aucubin, the level of blood glucose and MDA in the diabetic group reduced significantly, as well as the activities of CAT, GSH-Px and SOD increased significantly. Conclusion This study showed that Aucubin administration could reduce the level of blood glucose, improve mitochondria antioxidant capacity in diabetic rats. Thus, Aucubin may be implicated as a preventive medicine against diabetes mellitus.


BACKGROUND AND AIMS
The aroid vine Rhodospatha oblongata is characterized by a habitat change from terrestrial to canopy, relying on aerial roots at maturity to obtain water and nutrients from the forest soil. We hypothesize that morpho-physiological acclimation occurs in roots as they grow under atmospheric conditions. These changes would guarantee the whole plant survival of aroid vines in the new and potentially stressful habitat of the canopy.

METHODS
Terrestrial and aerial roots were compared on a morpho-physiological basis. Root anatomy, water balance, water absorption capacity via fluorescent tracer, and photochemical activity via chlorophyll fluorescence were measured.

KEY RESULTS
While thin fasciculate roots occur on terrestrial crawling individuals, two clearly distinct aerial roots (anchor and feeder) are produced on canopy individuals, which are both adhered to the host trunk. The color of both aerial roots change during development from red and brownish to striped and green at maturity. Color changes are induced by the replacement of epidermis, exodermis, and outer cortex by an inner layer of lignified cork on the root region exposed to the atmosphere. In the root region that is in contact with the host, covering substitutions do not occur and both exodermis and lignified cork, along with several epidermal hairs, appear. Water retention capacity was higher in green roots than in other root types. Rehydration capacity via water absorption by hairs of aerial roots was confirmed by fluorescence. Chlorophyll fluorescence data indicated low levels of photosynthetic capacity in both root types.

CONCLUSIONS
Plants should evolve strategies to survive stress situations. The transition from soil to canopy imposes abiotic changes and potentially stressful situations to R. oblongata. We conclude that the morpho-physiological changes observed represent an important strategy that permits the maintenance of aroid roots and the survival of R. oblongata in the canopy.


Objective To explore epidemiological characteristic and main influential factors of induced abortion in order to provide theoretical basis for effective measure to decrease induced abortion rate.Methods Multistage random sampling and strict quality controlling are applied during the process of the research.The actual sample size is 854 married women of 20~49 ages from two districts of Wuhan city.Logistic regression is applied to analyze the factors influencing abortion.Results Nearly half (49.30%)of the respondents experienced at least one induced abortion.The age of induced abortion was from 21 to 34 years old.The influential factors of induced abortion are occupation,contraceptive knowledge,child gender and accessibility of counseling services of fertility regulation.Conclusion The study showed that the rate of induced abortion is high,and the age tends to be smaller.As a result,it is very necessary to enhance the promotion and control of the reproductive health and reduce the induced abortion rate at present.


Those familiar with H J Eysenck's book Know Your Own IQ will remember that it contained eight tests designed to allow the reader to quantify his own ego and to delude himself into thinking that the tests did something more than measure his ability to do the tests. I lapped it up when it appeared and four years later bought its successor, Check Your Own IQ. I immediately regretted my purchase. Three of the tests in the second book were devoted to verbal, numerical, and visuospatial abilities and I quickly found out that my visuospatial abilities, those supposedly associated with the right side of the brain, were vanishingly small. I had to modify my assessment of the value of such tests in order to reinflate the fragile bubble of my self respect. What then am I to make of a book on adverse drug reactions that relies for its novelty on pictorial presentation? The format is simple. Each of the 40 chapters deals with a therapeutic category of drug (for example, antihypertensives, diuretics, narcotic analgesics) and contains one or more sections on individual drugs or groups of drugs. Each section starts with a stylised picture of a man in whom is shown organs (heart, lungs, liver, etc) or examples of organs (such as the descending colon to represent the large bowel and a femur and ilium to represent the bones and marrow). The female sex organs are depicted only in the section on female sex hormones, where the pelvic organs are drawn in beside the male figure, and in some other cases where breasts are added. A sphygmomanometer represents the blood pressure, and the formed elements of the blood are depicted in an inset over the umbilicus, which is therefore absent. This Adam-like figure, drawn in a manner reminiscent of but decidedly inferior to that of Fred Netter, appears in 87 virtually identical reproductions, to which have been added labelled pictorial representations of the adverse effects that drugs may have. Digitalis may cause arrhythmias and heart block-a line pointing from a label to the heart tells you so; penicillins may cause urticaria-quasi urticarial squiggles appear in the flanks; guanethidine may cause diarrhoea-fluid pours out of the colon; clonidine may cause impotence-spots appear on the penis and testes. After each diagram is a page or two of text that describes the adverse effects, contraindications, precautions, interactions, and treatment. In his preface the author claims that there is a dearth of ready reference, as opposed to specialised, sources on the adverse effects of drugs and justifies his book by the need to fill that gap. His text, however, merely repeats what may be found in other books in which adverse drug effects are briefly listed, and if the book has any added value it must rest on the impact of its illustrations. Fearing that my own visual inadequacies might be biasing me against the illustrations, I lent the book to a visually competent GP, who confirmed that they did not help. Why are the illustrations of no value? In short, because they are not individual enough to stick in the mind. As each is essentially the same with minor variations they act merely as frames for adding labels, and there is little to stimulate the visual imagination. They are no better than lists of the labels that they contain. Furthermore, the oversimplification of the illustrations leads to misleading, if not inaccurate, representations. Anaphylactic shock is shown merely as a fall in blood pressure; cytotoxic drug induced nausea and vomiting are depicted as originating in the stomach rather than the brain; vincristine induced peripheral neuropathy is shown as affecting the brachial plexus, ignoring its more important effects on, for example, the autonomic nervous system. Carroll's Alice, looking over her sister's shoulder at acres of unbroken text, thought that there was little use for a book without pictures. Maybe. But in this case there is little use for an expensive book whose 87 pictures spread too thinly the 1000 words each is supposed to be worth. For ready reference I would stick to the British National Formulary and the Data Sheet Compendium.


The quality of the segmentation process directly affects the performance of the shape recognition. In this paper, we address the problem of shape recognition using only the available shape parts instead of the whole shape. For this purpose, we propose a shape parts recognition strategy that uses a robust distance based on geodesics in the shape space. The proposed combining strategy seeks to handle the contour discontinuity can occur in edge maps due to various disturbing factors encountered in real images. The experimental validation through the MPEG-7 shape database and some real images demonstrates the efficiency of our proposed approach.


Recent developments in technology have presented viable dosage alternatives for patients who may have difficulty swallowing tablets. Traditional tablets and capsules may be inconvenient or impractical for some patients. Geriatric and pediatric patients experience difficulty in swallowing conventional tablets which leads to poor patience compliance. This problem is overcomed with use of drug delivery system known as orally disintegrating tablets. These are novel types of tablets which disintegrate/dissolve/disperse in saliva for 60 seconds or less (1, 2, 3). They are also suitable for the mentally ill, the bedridden and patients who do not have easy access to water. The benefits in terms of patience compliance, rapid onset of action, possibility for increased bioavailability, and good stability make these tablets popular as a dosage form of choice in the current market (2). Orally disintegrating tablets are suitable formulation for all active substances which can be orally administered (3). A pharmaceutical formulation is composed of several composition factors and process variables. These factors and variables not only affect the characteristic property of the dosage form but also make it difficult to formulate. Formulation experience with pharmaceutical preparation generally can guide a formulation expert to select those variables that most likely have an effect on those corresponding responses (4). Traditional formulation designs were based on trial and error. It is time-consuming, unreliable, costly and often unsuccessful. The rapid development of statistical experimental designs, optimisation techniques and computer technologies provide an effective method for modelling Macedonian pharmaceutical bulletin, 51, (1,2) 15-22 (2005) ISSN 1409 8695 UDC: 615.214.24.014


In view of EV energy transmission,every part for energy transmission that may affect EV economy is analyzed. The battery,motor and mechanic transmission part may affect energy consumption economy. The effect of matching of battery and motor,motor and mechanic transmission mechanism to energy consumption economy is analyzed.


This publication presents properties, benefits and limitations of smart materials and potential ways of using them in adaptive structures. It also sheds light on the techniques and methods for creating adaptive structures and the future and development needs of adaptive structures. The focus is in adaptive fiber reinforced polymer composite structures. Smart, or adaptive, structure can monitor its environment and its own condition and loads, and adapt to changes in these. The adaptation may involve large changes of the mechanical properties (shape, stiffness, damping etc.) of the structure and/or exertation of active forces. This provides possibilities for creating structures with increased performance, considerably longer life time, smaller maintenance costs and/or mass savings. Smart materials, like shape memory alloys and piezoelectric and magnetorheological materials, have great potential in sensor and actuator usage in adaptive structures. Design and implementation of an adaptive structure is a challenging multitechnical task that requires know-how from several fields of engineering, like materials engineering, structural mechanics, simulation, control engineering etc. System integration know-how along with supporting modelling and simulation are especially important abilities in order to achieve reliable and optimized system designs. Chapter 1 illustrates the properties of various smart materials. Chapter 2 shows the many ways a structure can adapt its mechanical properties using smart materials. Structures from civil engineering to mechanical engineering and vehicle engineering are discussed with examples from literature. In Chapter 3 general development trends and needs of various smart structures related technologies are presented and some light is also shed on the role of adaptive structures as a part of larger intelligent and communicating systems. Chapter 4 presents tools for modelling and simulation of adaptive structures. Chapter 5 presents the basics of control of adaptive structures.


In this paper we consider an economy consisting of identical homo-geneous good Cournot duopolies. Firms decide whether to experiment or not on the basis of their aspiration level. If they decide to experiment, then there is a switching rule which determines the output they will produce next period. The switching rules that we consider are: (i) random switching, (ii) imitation, (iii) best-response dynamic. The aspiration level is given by the average level of pro(cid:12)t in the economy, as in Dixon (1996), possibly subject to some noise. We (cid:12)nd that the random switching and imitation leads to all duopolies becoming joint pro(cid:12)t maximizing, even with a small level of noise. Best-response dynamic leads to all duopolies becoming Cournot even with very small levels of noise. With high levels of noise the di(cid:11)erent learning rules lead to di(cid:11)erent and diverse limiting populations. We are able to compare the di(cid:11)erent limiting populations and the dynamic path. (cid:3) This is a preliminary draft: comments are welcome. We would like to thank conference participants at the II Workshop on Economics with Heterogeneous Interacting Agents held at Ancona, Italy (May '97) and at III International Conference on Computingin Economics held at Stanford CA (July '97). This paper is part of an ESRC funded project \Evolution, Oligopoly and Competitiveness" (grant R000 23 6179).


Thank you for reading the wilson plot the intelligence services and the discrediting of a prime minister. As you may know, people have search hundreds times for their chosen readings like this the wilson plot the intelligence services and the discrediting of a prime minister, but end up in harmful downloads. Rather than reading a good book with a cup of tea in the afternoon, instead they are facing with some harmful virus inside their laptop.


[Objective]To solve the problems in selecting analog objects for occupational hazard pre-evaluation in construction projects by establishing an analogy database of construction projects to prioritize analog objects and improve analog deduction reliability.[Methods]Based on the accumulation of occupational hazard evaluation data,an analog database was established and used to identify analog objects meeting selected requirements.Statistical balance test on objects selecting was performed.[Results]The prioritized objects selection was explained by an example.A balance test was applied to the most appropriate analogy objects which were identified by a query filter in two projects using the established database(P0.05).[Conclusion]Prioritized selection using analog database querying in combination with statistical principle can improve the quality of pre-evaluation of occupational hazards in construction projects.


Doctoral dissertations on suicide from 1990 to 1995 appearing in Volumes 51-55 and the 1995 issues of Volume 56 of Dissertation Abstracts International are listed. A total of 214 dissertations from 119 North American institutions of higher learning (110 in the United States and 9 in Canada) are compiled and organized by the year in which the dissertation was completed. An average of 40 dissertations were completed annually for the years 1990-1994. The institutions granting the most doctorates are indicated. More than half of the doctoral projects involve topics of youth suicide, with only small numbers of dissertations on any other specific topic.


Internal thought refers to the process of directing attention away from a primary visual task to internal cognitive processing. It is pervasive and closely related to primary task performance. As such, automatic detection of internal thought has significant potential for user modeling in human-computer interaction and multimedia applications. Despite the close link between the eyes and the human mind, only few studies have investigated vergence behavior during internal thought and none has studied moment-to-moment detection of internal thought from gaze. While prior studies relied on long-term data analysis and required a large number of gaze characteristics, we describe a novel method that is user-independent, computationally light-weight and only requires eye vergence information readily available from binocular eye trackers. We further propose a novel paradigm to obtain ground truth internal thought annotations by exploiting human blur perception. We evaluated our method during natural viewing of lecture videos and achieved a 12.1% improvement over the state of the art. These results demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of vergence-based detection of internal thought and, as such, open new research directions for attention-aware interfaces.


One of the most problematic places in the agroindustrial complex (AIC) is the systematic implementation of resource saving, in particular in agricultural engineering. To overcome this problem, the author proposed a scheme for selecting a resource-saving project in order to assess the effectiveness of resource-saving technologies. The author set the task to analyze the effectiveness of the implementation of resource-saving measures in the complex of the first sphere of agriculture. To detail the goal, the task was set to test the resource-saving project selection scheme and determine the effectiveness of resource-saving measures. As a result, the model of multi-criteria substantiation of increasing the resource saving of agro-industrial enterprises was evaluated as adequate for assessing the efficiency of production and the level of resource saving. The economic efficiency of the resource-saving technology of sowing row crops by the seeding apparatus with a directional metering device has been calculated. Average annual gain of profit after introducing an improved seeder for the main commercial crops (corn, sunflower, soybean, sugar beet) amounts to 1216.45 c.u. per one hectare. By the example of sowing one of the crops of the greatest economic effect gives corn - 1,6 million c.u. per year, the least - sunflower (266 thousand c.u.). At the same time, the prototype showed itself best when sowing soybeans, reducing losses in value terms by 98%.


Among the measures that contribute to LCC, urban planning should be concerned as a precondition since it can 'lock' the CO2 emission and energy use by determination to the spatial structure of a city. According to Pan and Tang et al. (2008), the physical space form of a city will deeply affect the modes of socio-economic activities once it has been built. Although the adjustment of industrial structure, healthy life style and technological innovation are helpful to cut down the CO2 emission and energy use in production and living, however, these measures can hardly change traffic volume and relative energy consumption and emission determined by urban spatial structure.


The purpose of this study is to apply inverse dynamics control for attitude control of a quadrotor. A nonlinear model of an six degrees of freedom (6 DOF) quadrotor UAV is derived. Imperfect compensation of the inverse dynamic control is intentionally introduced in order to simplify the implementation of this approach and external disturbances are considered. The control strategy is applied in the outer loop of the inverse dynamic control to counteract the effects of imperfect compensation and external disturbances. The control strategy is designed using Lyapunov stability theory (LST).


Principal component analysis is a useful multivariate statistical analysis methods,Which removes the correlation between sample indicators,while maintaining the samples under the premise of the key messages,extracts a small amount of the principal component representative.Through nineteen major economic indicators of seven major equipment manufacturing industries for principal component analysis,this paper summarized the results of the analysis and carried out a comparative study of the western region,which has a comparative advantage to identify the major industry.


In this work we study the contributions to the chromomagnetic dipole moment of the top quark in the contex of the standard model. Top quark mass is of the same order of the electroweak symmetry breaking scale, which suggests that this particle must be very sensitive to new physics. The prediction is SM = 5;6 10 2 at one loop order.


We propose a bi-level network design model comprising automated vehicle (AV) links and congestion pricing to improve traffic congestion. As upper-level road planners strive to minimize total travel-time costs by optimizing both the network design and the congestion pricing, lower-level travelers make choices about their routes to minimize their individual travel costs. Our proposed model integrates a network design and congestion pricing to improve traffic congestion and we use a relaxation-based method to solve the model. We conducted a series of numerical tests to analyze the proposed model and solution method. Our results indicate that network design is more effective than congestion pricing when the AV market penetration is high and the opposite is true when AV penetration is low. More importantly, we find that a network design of automated vehicle links with congestion pricing is superior to a single network design or congestion pricing, especially when both AVs and conventional vehicles have a relatively large market penetration.


Two Greek brothers (46XY) aged 16 and 18 years were brought up as females because of predominantly female external genitalia with clitoromegaly and urogenital sinus. At puberty there was genital masculinization with development of male musculature and body habitus without gynaecomastia. Both subjects changed from a female to a male gender role. Psychosexual orientation was male. Internal genitalia were normally formed with an ejaculate containing mature spermatozoa. In both subjects plasma testosterone(T) and androstenedione(A) were elevated, dihydrotestosterone(DHT) was in the low normal range and the plasma T/DHT ratio was elevated (34, 36). Plasma oestrogens were normal whereas SHBG binding capacity was elevated. The urinary 5β-aetiocholanolone/5α-androsterone ratios were elevated compared with normal subjects. Basal LH was normal but the LH response to LH-RH was exaggerated. Basal and peak FSH were elevated. The clinical and hormonal features are consistent with impaired peripheral conversion of T to DHT due to deficiency of 5α-reductase.


Regarding the importance of the stock market and commodity indexes as a predictive index, in this study, the effect of selected global commodity indices on the index of metal ores in the Tehran Stock Exchange has been investigated. Using the monthly state data from April 25 th , 2012 to January 20 th , 2020, the impact of the index of Bloomberg industrial metals, and the index of Nasdaq industrial metals on the index of metal ores extraction in Tehran stock exchange were studied by ARDL method. To investigate the existence of the long-term relationship, a bound testing was used. In order to control the effects of liquidity, consumer's inflation, producer's inflation, and the exchange rate in the unofficial market on independent and dependent variables, these variables were used as control variables in the model. The results show that the global commodity indexes of CRB without energy, Bloomberg industrial metals index, and Nasdaq industrial metals index have a positive and meaningful relationship with the index of metal ores extraction in the Tehran stock exchange Among the above two indexes, the Nasdaq industrial metals index was more influential on the metal ores extraction index than the Bloomberg industrial metals index.


This study aims to determine the effect of age and education on the customers' service compatibility and determine the awareness level of the banking customers related to the banking services. The collection of data will be a blend of primary and secondary sources based on private banks. Based on the findings, it can be said that gender affects service compatibility with the user. Still, the education level has no direct effect on compatibility.


We propose a theoretical model for the efficient emission of high‐power terahertz (THz) radiation. The pre‐modulation of the beam is accounted for by the interaction of the two laser beams with the relativistic electron beam (REB). The pre‐modulated REB travels through a dielectric liner waveguide, which is filled with a plasma. The REB travels near the dielectric lining boundary and therefore transfers maximum energy to the electromagnetic radiation wave via Cerenkov interaction. The growth rate and efficiency of the radiation wave are examined and found to be altered by the parameters of the REB and the dielectric medium. The growth rate varies as one‐third power of the beam density and as two‐thirds power of the amplitude of the pump wave field. The proposed scheme seems to be an effective method for the generation of tunable THz radiation.


A new thiazole, 2-amino-4-methyl-5-cyanothiazole (V) m. p. 164–166° was synthesized from thiourea and α-bromo-β-ketobutyronitrile (IV), b. p. 70–73°/4 mm., prepared by the action of bromine on β-iminobutyronitrile obtained from acetonitrile.


Numerous studies have revealed a negative correlation between the body size and temperature among a variety of aquatic ectotherms. Many studies at individual and population levels indicated that this mechanism may be explained by the decrease of competitive abilities of larger- over smaller-bodied individuals, as the production of larger-bodied individuals is more limited due to greater susceptibility to decreased oxygen concentrations (i.e., environmental hypoxia) at elevated temperatures. However, this hypothesis is still not tested at the community level. To test this, we performed several experiments on the food thresholds (which is a proxy for competitive ability) of 6 zooplankton (Daphnia) species varying in body size, at high or low oxygen concentrations. Contrary to the hypothesis tested, hypoxia increased threshold food concentrations to a relatively greater extent in smaller species than in larger ones. This may be attributed to the better evolutionary adaptations of larger-bodied daphnids to oxygen-poor environments manifested in higher production of haemoglobin. The results obtained in this study cannot exclude the possibility that environmental hypoxia is responsible for the temperature-size pattern in aquatic ectotherms, as our experiments did not take into account the long-term energetic costs of expedited haemoglobin synthesis, which could shift size-dependent competitive power.


Described are the features, command language, and functional design of the SIFT (Software Implemented Fault Tolerance) fault injection and data acquisition interface software. The document is also intended to assist and guide the SIFT user in defining, developing, and executing SIFT fault injection experiments and the subsequent collection and reduction of that fault injection data. It is also intended to be used in conjunction with the SIFT User's Guide (NASA Technical Memorandum 86289) for reference to SIFT system commands, procedures and functions, and overall guidance in SIFT system programming.


In the present study, 93 consecutive women, 20-40 years of age, referred to our clinic from 1976-85 with Graves' disease, were examined with respect to a possible relation between onset of disease and previous pregnancy. An increased relative risk of 6.5 (3.8-11.0, 95% confidence interval) of developing Graves' disease within one year following delivery was found. After excluding the nulliparous women, almost 2 out of 3 women who developed Graves' disease in the principal child-bearing age of 20-35 years had a postpartum onset, suggesting an important role of immunomodulatory events following delivery for the development of this disease in young women. Future studies will ascertain to which extent the recognition of postpartum Graves' disease has implications on the choice of therapy in this group of women.


Abstract The catecholic ketal core substructure of trichotomone, a dimeric abietane-type diterpenoid, was constructed. Key elements of the synthesis include an Ullmann condensation between a phenol and phenyl bromide, and the final 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone (DDQ)-mediated oxidative dearomatization/ketalization reaction.


The purposes of this study are 1) To find and analyze institutions authorized to deal with children in conflict with law in Indonesia and Malaysia, and 2) To find and analyze the process of fostering children in conflict with law in Indonesia and Malaysia. The main problems discussed in this study are 1) Guidance institutions that deal with children in conflict with the law in the future must consider respect for the dignity of children in the form of structural and infrastructure perspectives in coaching institutions in other words a child-friendly coaching institution. Furthermore, to provide protection and the needs of the rights of parents of child development institutions in conflict with the law, it is necessary to prepare the rights for parents or guardians of children who will meet and visit. In addition, from the aesthetic and architectural point of view of building institutions for children in conflict with the law must be child-friendly, so as not to be stigmatized such as prisons or correctional institutions generally for adults. 2) Guidance for children in conflict with the law at this time is only a duty and responsibility of the supervisor in the institution, criminal offender and the community alone, so that restorative justice is not achieved. In the future, the development of children in conflict with law in Indonesia needs to use a restorative justice approach. In each stage of its development, guidance for children in conflict with the law is not only oriented to rehabilitation and resocialization of perpetrators but also recovery of victims and people's lives.


Field, laboratory, and electroantennogram (BAG) data were obtained on 1-tetradecanol acetate, an inhibitor of attraction of Pectinophora gossyprella (Saunders) moths to hexalure and related compounds. Of the 16 compounds tested, those giving the greatest EAG responses also were the most effective inhibitors of attraction of moths to hexalure-containing traps in field tests. Hexalure alone produced an intense EAG response which was depressed by addition of most of the test compounds. In field and laboratory tests, the addition of inhibitor, on the same or on separate wicks, to traps containing hexalure depressed captures compared to those of traps containing only hexalure. However, in laboratory and field experiments in which 1-tetradecanol acetate on paper squares was distributed over cotton plants, mating inhibition did not occur, indicating that the inhibitor did not interfere with the moth's ability to orient to the female's sex pheromone.


Objective—The receptor-like protein-tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) CD148 and the nontransmembrane PTP1-B have been shown to be net positive regulators of Src family kinases in platelets. In the present study, we compared the relative contributions of these PTPs in platelet activation by the major glycoprotein, glycoprotein VI, &agr;IIb&bgr;3, and C-type lectin-like receptor 2 (CLEC-2). Methods and Results—PTP-1B–deficient mouse platelets responded normally to the glycoprotein VI–specific agonist collagen-related peptide and antibody-mediated CLEC-2 activation. However, they exhibited a marginal reduction in &agr;IIb&bgr;3-mediated Src family kinase activation and tyrosine phosphorylation. In contrast, CD148-deficient platelets exhibited a dramatic reduction in activation by glycoprotein VI and &agr;IIb&bgr;3 and a marginal reduction in response to activation by CLEC-2, which was further enhanced in the absence of PTP-1B. These defects were associated with reduced activation of Src family kinase and spleen tyrosine kinase, suggesting a causal relationship. Under arteriolar flow conditions, there was defective aggregate formation in the absence of PTP-1B and, to a greater extent, CD148 and a severe abrogation of both adhesion and aggregation in the absence of both PTPs. Conclusion—Findings from this study demonstrate that CD148 plays a dominant role in activating Src family kinases in platelets relative to PTP-1B. Both PTPs are required for optimal platelet activation and aggregate formation under high arterial shear rates.


A class of polynomial basis function of 5th degree with four shape control parameters is presented.It is an exten- sion of cubic Bernstein basis functions.Properties of the basis function are analyzed and the corresponding polynomial curve with four sharp parameters is defined.QE-Bezier curve is extension of quartic Bezier curve,so the QE-Bezier curve not only inherits the outstanding properties of the quartic Bezier curve,but also is adjustable in sharp and fit close to the control polygon.The question about approximate merging a pair of QE-Bezier is researched.The explicit formula of control points of the merged QE-Bezier curve can be given directly by combining the fitting method of curves with the theory of general in- verse matrix and the error is given.Finally,the examples are presented,which show the effectiveness of the presented method.


Objective To probe into action thresholds of integrated rodent management in urban residential area of Wuhan,and validate whether improved components IPM could depress commensal rodent population of urban residential area in a short time.Methods Integrated rodent management was carried out,while IPM components consisted of monitor,action thresholds,inspection,record,communication,education and quality control.Residents and garbage collector of the area were interviewed for every half month,to investigate satisfaction rate and assess the efficacy.Results Infestation rate of the dwellings before control was 68.8%,satisfaction rate of the residents was 18.8%,all the 7 trash passageways of the building were infested with rodent.Two months after control infestation rate of the dwellings was 80.6%,residents satisfaction rate was 100%,infestation rate of trash passageways was 100%.Control measure ceased after two months,after that infestation rate of the dwellings increased and satisfaction rate decreased continuously.Infestation rate of the dwellings was 23.5%,satisfaction rate was 70.6% in 5 months.Colligation ratio calculated from quality control correlated linearly with arc sine transformation of satisfaction rate,correlation coefficient was-0.905 6(P0.01).Action thresholds of colligation ratio calculated from regression equation were 0.087 12 and 0.055 80 respectively at 80% and 90% satisfaction rate.Conclusion Action thresholds of this study can be referenced by integrated rodent management in urban residential area of Wuhan in the future.Improved components IPM could depress commensal rodent population of urban residential area in a short time.


In this paper, a novel method for designing templates of cellular neural networks to reduce the image noise is discussed. The discrete-time cellular neural network (DTCNN) combining with genetic algorithm (GA) is applied to image noise reducing. Based on GA method, the templates of CNN are optimized to diminish noise interference in polluted image. The demonstrated examples are presented to illustrate the better performance of the proposed methodology (GA-CNN).


Background: The aim of the study was to assess the effect of levonorgestrel intrauterine contraceptive device (LNG-IUCD) on menstrual blood loss and its acceptance in Indian women with Heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB). Methods: 50 women with HMB and meeting the inclusion criteria were enrolled in the prospective non-randomized observational study from November 2013-2014 in PGIMER, RML HOSPITAL, a tertiary care hospital. LNG-IUCD was inserted and patients were followed up for six months. Reduction in menstrual blood loss, reduction in endometrial thickness, improvement in hemoglobin and serum ferritin and side effects due to LNG-IUCD was noted. Results: LNG-IUCD was effective in 47 out of 50 patients suffering from HMB. There was 98% reduction in menstrual blood loss (PBAC score) and 67.8% reduction in endometrial thickness after six months. Improvement in hemoglobin was by 2.44 gm/dl whereas serum ferritin improved by 15.39 µg/l after 6 months. Relief in dysmenorrhea was 94.7%. Complete amenorrhea was achieved in 19.14% and 44.6% were suffering from spotting. Treatment failure was seen in 3 patients who expelled LNG-IUCD at varying intervals. One patient with misplaced LNG-IUCD was relieved of symptoms after repositioning. Proper counseling prior to insertion and after insertion made LNG-IUCD well accepted in our study population. Conclusions: LNG-IUCD is an effective and acceptable non-surgical alternative to a common problem of HMB. The success rate was 94% in our study with only 3 patients needing hysterectomy due to expulsion. Emphasis on counseling patients of troublesome spotting and correct fundal placement is essential.


ethical considerations and more towards concrete and immediate requirements than in those of the Chinese. As a result, even the legal language sounds more direct and practical in the Siamese texts. There is no denial that Siamese law had been greatly influenced by moral-religious influences of Buddhism and Hinduism . But with the flexible and " down-to-earth" philosophy of the Siamese, the blend of universalism and particularism in the law produced a rather pragmatic legal framework. (c) Absence of clear-cut distinctions between public and private laws; Both Siamese and Chinese legal philosophies were predicated upon the notion of protecting the prerogatives of the few and, at the same time, upholding order in society at large. In this respect, law was understandably a prohibitive tool. Both systems recognized social gradation and based the operation of law on the basis of proportional retribution. Law upheld the principle of propriety, as the individual's worth was determined in accordance with his social standing. Consequently, one's actions were almost always directly or indirectly tied in with one or more aspects of society, and law itself was made to operate principally in this public sphere. (d) Comprehensiveness of coded law. Both Siamese and Chinese laws developed through the ages by accretion, and came to cover a comprehensive range of human conduct and behavior (including minute and seemingly insignificant details). Traditional legal pronouncements LAW IN TRADITIONAL SIAM AND CHINA 129 were, in most instances, predictable, being specific in definition and description in contrast to the modern practice of keeping law vaguely worded; they represented the sum total of the operational values and standards, as well as of applicable customs and attitudes, of society. In this regard, law served not merely as a prohibitive regulation with punitive sanction, but also as a description or elaboration of societal norms and conduct. (Consequently the legal treatises can make for interesting supplementary literary reading.) (e) Corruptibility of the system. Operating, as they did , in a setting of monarchal absolutism, both the Siamese and Chinese legal systems were inevitably susceptible to abuses, despite their presupposed foundation upon a divine set of ethics and morality. The main problem was, of course, human frailty. No matter bow perfect a structure for the administation of justice could be drawn up, under the operating system of pouvoir arbitraire, the human element was ever ready to undermine it. Consequently, the main drawbacks to the traditional systems stemmed from such factors as unscrupulous judges and other officials concerned with the administration of justice, including the king himselflOB. In spite of the undisputed fact that law served as an effective instrument to perpetuate arbitrary monarchic rule, always at the expense of the individual's rights, the Siamese and Chinese systems remained in force over centuries. Today, even though such institutions have been supplanted by new legislation in a Western democratic dress, the 108) As mentioned above, Siamese law recognized this danger and allowed for appeals to the king against improper conduct of judges in trials. As for the ruler who, according to written laws was to be the upholder of justice, there were numerous instances when he acted in the most remote fashion from this expectation. Several Siamese kings have been noted to mete out summary executions in a fit of uncontrolled anger. See illustrations in the popular literature written in Ayudhaya times by the noted literatrts Suntorn Pu (!Yumti) called Khzm Xang Khun Paen ('11\l,j'H'IJUILHU), vols. I, II (Bangkok, . . .. . Tai Press, 1925). 130 Sarasin Viraphol traditional spirit of justice continues to operate strongly, and democratic tendencies are still far from paramount. This gives rise to the obvious assumption that, while the traditional legal norms might have been arbitrary in fact, they fitted the socio-political orientation of the time. And, after all, whatever tendencies towards pouvoir arbitraire were present in the legal system, it was not meant to serve only the exclusive interests of the ruler, but was also somehow geared towards ensuring peace and order for the populace. This may be demonstrated by the fact that in Siamese history, there was never a popular revolt against the ruling regime. LAW IN TRADITIONAL SIAM AND CHINA 131


Permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) servo system has been widely used in various fields. To improve its performance, the hardware and software of PMSM servo system based on the advance DSP of TMS302F28335 were designed in this paper. The principle of DTC for PMSM and stator flux estimator used LPF instead of pure integrator are introduced. The simulation and experimental results show that the designed servo system can achieve good dynamic, static performance and good robustness.


Sensitized NIR emission from Yb3+ ions is realized under near-UV excitation of Cu+ and a Cu2+–Yb2+ CTS model is proposed to explain the luminescence down-shifting.


Abstract The paper deals with professional training of future foreign language teachers in the USA based on the experience of Lewis University. As evidenced by research findings, the scope of foreign language education in the USA is rather broad, since they attempt to promote both traditional and critical languages in the context of developing translingual and transcultural competences. Based on the example of Lewis University, we have characterized professional training of future foreign language teachers, who major in the Spanish language. The obtained results prove that the programme content is extremely practice-oriented and designed to fulfill personal needs of every student; the programme curriculum is not overwhelmed with theoretical paradigms and foreign language students can participate in different activities and fully comprehend the realities of schools and the education process. It has been found that while mastering the programme, they are able to acquire the professional knowledge, skills and abilities they will definitely need in practice. The positive aspects of Lewis University's foreign language education programme have been determined. They are the following: practice-oriented approach to professional training of future foreign language teachers; an optimal selection of professional education courses and electives, as well as effective clinical practice; the assessment and evaluation of foreign language students' results during and after undergoing clinical practice from different perspectives, namely, organization, content, specifics; the implementation of the inclusive education component into the content of the programme curriculum; the fulfillment of different personal, learning and occupational needs of future foreign language students. It has been concluded that the outlined positive aspects of American experience in providing professional training of future foreign language teachers based on the experience of Lewis University can be implemented into the system of foreign language education in Ukraine in order to enhance quality and efficiency of these specialists' training at Ukrainian higher education institutions.


For nonlinear stochastic systems, a probability density function adjust algorithm is presented in this paper. Firstly, the state equation and the control equation are supposed to be the polynomial form, and an exponential form is used to represent probability density function. Then, the equations with respect to Tay lor series expansion coefficients and adjust gain accordingto the parameter relationships under steady-state conditions is obtained from FPK equation. Thus, the corresponding relationship between Taylor expansion coefficients and the polynomial coefficients of the control equation can be obtained through solving the equations. Then an optimization problem of track-target probability density function is constructed. After obtaining the optimization solution, the adjust gain can be gotten. Finally, examples show the effectiveness of the proposed method.


Radar measurement and resolution performance, as well as target detection in clutter, depend largely on the transmitted waveform. This explains the sizable effort that has gone into studies of radar waveforms, including attempts at the synthesis of optimum waveforms. This paper shows that, despite the unlimited variety of radar signals, waveform selection is a straightforward process. There are only four classes of waveforms, each with distinct resolution properties. When the target environment is analyzed for a particular application, it is rather evident which of these classes will fit the situation best. Choice of the specific waveform within the selected class then is merely a matter of practical implementation. Although the facts used in developing the unified theory of this paper are not new, it is demonstrated that these facts can be combined into an extremely simple theory of waveform design. Much of today's work is guided by past approaches to a particular problem, and when a design is completed there may be a question as to how close to the optimum it is. The theory presented here permits a systematic approach to waveform selection, with the important benefit that the designer knows exactly where and how much he may have deviated from the best design, and why this was done.


Radix-4 signed-digit (SD) arithmetic circuits using multiple-valued logic are proposed from the viewpoint of VLSI implementation. Because of the property of sign-symmetry in the SD number representation, a new bi-directional current-mode MOS technology is employed very effectively in implementing very fast and compact SD arithmetic circuits. These basic operations are simulated and evaluated using SPICE2. Finally, it is demonstrated that these arithmetic circuits can be fabricated using 2 um CMOS technology. For example, a multiply time of 40 ns can be achieved in the SD multiplier with a 17 × 16 bit precision.