Room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) from metal-free materials has recently attracted the interest of the scientific community in a variety of imaging fields owing to the fact that it provides high-resolution information independent of the autofluorescence and dual-colored emitting characteristics, which are advantages that fluorescent materials and phosphorescent heavy-metal complexes do not possess. State-of-the-art advances in security, sensors, and bioimaging have been proposed using the aforementioned advantages. This Research Topic includes ten articles on the latest advances in this research area. Suppression of triplet deactivation, including oxygen quenching, is an important factor to enhance the RTP properties. An article by (Yang et al.) reports oxygen sensing using thianthrene derivatives doped into amorphous polymer matrices. The thianthrene chromophores show dual emission of fluorescence and RTP in the polymers because folding-induced spin–orbit coupling of the chromophores greatly enhances the RTP characteristics. Ratiometric imaging owing to the dual fluorescence and the enhanced RTP allows easy quantitative detection of oxygen under a variety of conditions. Furthermore, the relationship between the RTP intensity and oxygen concentration provides quantitative information about the oxygen permeability in solid materials. As different triplet-quenching characteristics independent of oxygen, a study by (Thomas et al.) investigates the change of the triplet nonradiative processes of RTP chromophores doped in a polymer host under inert conditions depending on different preparation techniques of the films. Residual solvents and the role of guest chromophores in enhancing the intermolecular interactions of the polymer matrices are proposed as reasons for the different nonradiative deactivation from the triplet state. For the interaction between the guest chromophore and polymer host, the tendency of OPEN ACCESS


Summary Sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) is a warm climate plant. The optimum temperature for growth is 25°C and, at this temperature, the volatile oil content of leaves is enhanced. Plants grown at 25°C for 2 weeks were taller and had a higher dry matter content and larger leaves than plants grown at other temperatures. The total volatile oil contents in fresh leaves from plants grown at 25°C or 30°C for 2 weeks were three times the levels found in leaves of plants grown at 15°C. Temperature also affected the composition of the volatile oils. Warm conditions (25°C) resulted in the accumulation of eugenol and cis-ocimene, whereas cooler temperature (15°C) resulted in more camphor and trans- farnesene. There was no effect of temperature on the relative contents of 1,8-cineole and linalool. Treatments with alternating temperatures, that supplied the same accumulated 'day-degrees' but with a different sequence of temperatures, did not affect most plant growth parameters. In contrast, volatile oil content and composition were strongly affected by the temperature regime during the final 2 weeks of growth. For example, the higher the temperature before harvesting, the higher the volatile oil content and the greater the relative content of eugenol.


Recently, there has been media attention on the occurrence and severity of concussions in sports and the long-term effects that they have. A concussion is a traumatic brain injury that can be suffered after sustaining a direct blow. This injury can lead to serious complications, including second impact syndrome. The presence of an athletic trainer to assess and manage these types of injuries is imperative at every level of competition. The National Athletic Trainers' Association has released a position statement on the management of sport-related concussions. It is of the utmost importance that athletic trainers and other health care professionals are able to recognize the signs and symptoms of this injury and be able to manage it. It is also important to have a concussion policy in place. Acknowledgements I would like to acknowledge Casey Galloy for advising me through this capstone experience and for being an outstanding clinical instructor. She has greatly influenced me and has helped to shape the athletic trainer that I will become. Concussions have been a hot button topic in the news and media as of late. Concussions are most likely to occur in contact sports, such as football, hockey, and soccer, but there is a potential for sustaining a concussion in every sport. To the general public, concussions are referred to as "dings" or when someone has had their "bell rung". These terms tend to diminish the seriousness of a concussion. To healthcare professionals, concussions are serious traumatic brain injuries that could possibly have serious consequences. A certified athletic trainer is often the first responder when an athlete suffers a concussion in an athletic event. Athletic trainers are certified healthcare professionals that specialize in the prevention, diagnosis, management, and rehabilitation of athletic injuries and are well qualified to manage a concussion. A concussion is a traumatic brain injury that is a result of a direct blow. It could also be the result of a blow to the body that causes a whiplash effect, which means that the head snaps forwards and backwards.} There are two mechanisms of injury for a concussion, coup injury and contrecoup injury. A coup injury occurs when the head is immobile and sustains a forceful blow resulting in injury under the point of contact. A contrecoup injury occurs when a moving head comes in contact with an unyielding object resulting in an injury opposite the site of impact as a result of the brain shifting in the cranium. Most occurrences of concussions are a combination of a coup and contrecoup injury? When it is suspected that an athlete has sustained a concussion, a certified athletic trainer should complete a thorough evaluation of the athlete. In 2004, the National Athletic Trainers' Association (NATA), the governing body of certified athletic trainers, issued a position statement on the management of sport-related concussion, outlining what should be done by an athletic trainer if an athlete should suffer a concussion. These aspects include a history, observation and inspection of the athlete, palpation, testing for anterograde and retrograde amnesia, testing cognitive function, neurological testing, functional testing, and neuropsychological testing? A history will give the athletic trainer an understanding of what the athlete remembers, let an athletic trainer know if the athlete has previously suffered a concussion, and determine the mechanism of injury. There is evidence that the effects of concussions are cumulative which means that repeated concussions can lead to irreversible damage. During observation and inspection, general demeanor of the athlete should be noted, among many other things like facial symmetry. The Glasgow Coma Scale, which is used to determine the level of consciousness, can be used during this part of the evaluation. I Palpation of the skull should be performed to ensure that there are no fractures or deformities. Retrograde and anterograde amnesia are tell-tale signs of a concussion, but do not necessarily have to be present for an athlete to be concussed. Retrograde amnesia is when the athlete cannot remember the events before suffering a concussion. l To test the athlete, the athletic trainer could ask questions to see if the athlete remembers his or her name, to see if the athlete remembers what play was being run, and who his or her opponent is. Anterograde amnesia is when the athlete cannot remember the events after suffering a concussion. 1 Some questions that can be asked to test the athlete are how they got to the athletic training room from the floor or field, who was the first person to help you, and three word recall. Cognitive function testing is done to assess the performance of the brain, including the level of consciousness, intellectual performance, emotional status, and sensory interpretation. I Loss of consciousness can occur after an athlete has sustained a concussion, but loss of consciousness is not always present and indicative of a concussion. To test cognitive function, there are a couple of tests that can be done. The athletic trainer can have the athlete recite the months of the year backwards from December and counting backwards from 100 by 2. For neurological testing, the seven cranial nerves should always be tested. Included in this is testing eye function and balance. When an athlete suffers a concussion, it is important to make sure that the athlete's pupils are equal and reactive to light. It is also important to note any nystagmus, which is the involuntary jerking of the eye, when testing eye movement. If nystagmus is present, it could indicate a lesion in the posterior aspect of the brain. 1 The athlete's sensation, motor function, and reflexes should all be tested during a neurological exam. Functional testing can include Romberg test, heel-toe walking, the finger-to-nose test, and the Balance Error Scoring System (BESS) test. Lastly, neuropsychological testing should be performed. Neuropsychological testing assesses the athlete's orientation, immediate memory recall, delayed recall, and concentration. 1 These tests, such as the Standardized Assessment of Concussion (SAC), should be done to test any neuropsychological deficits that the athlete might have after the injury. There is even some computerized neuropsychological testing that is now being used on athletes. The most well known is called Immediate Postconcussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing (ImPACT). The advantage of having a computerized test is that it less time consuming and more efficient. After completing this evaluation, an athletic trainer should determine if the athlete can return to play. Return-to-play guidelines are extremely important. An athlete can return to play 7 to 10 days after the injury but only if they are completely symptom free. 1 If a player is returned to play too soon before full recovery from the initial injury it can result in serious complications, which is why it is better for the athletic trainer to err on the side of caution when deciding to return an athlete to play. Second impact syndrome is a very serious condition that can occur when an athlete is returned to play before full recovery and sustains another concussion. Second impact syndrome is most likely to occur in athletes 20-years-old or younger. It is characterized by rapid swelling of the brain and can result in permanent brain damage or even death. This makes it essential for an athletic trainer to recognize the signs and symptoms of a concussion. After completing the evaluation and determining that the athlete is concussed, an athletic trainer should classify the severity of the injury and determine whether a referral to a physician is necessary. There are scales and checklists that an athletic trainer can refer to help in this determination. There are scales that athletic trainers and other healthcare professionals use to determine the severity of concussions. Most of them use a three level grading system. The problem with these scales is that none of them have been universally accepted, so there is no standardization in one particular scale being used by everyone. The Cantu Evidence-Based Grading System for Concussion and the American Academy of Neurology Concussion Grading Scale are two examples of such tests? Another problem with these tests is that they are largely based on the loss of consciousness to determine the severity of a concussion. As previously stated, loss of consciousness is not always present in a concussed athlete. The grading of a concussion, mild, moderate, or severe, should be determined by the severity of the symptoms. In terms of when to refer a concussed athlete to a physician, there several criteria that indicate whether an athlete should be referred the day of the injury or if there should be a delayed referral (Appendix A). There will come a point where the athlete has to leave the care of the athletic trainer. At this point, it is essential for the athletic trainer to educate the concussed athlete and the individual who will be taking care of them. It is important for any institution to have a checklist in place on home care of a concussed athlete to share with the individual who is assuming care of the athlete (see attached checklist). Education is of the utmost importance, not only education regarding homecare, but education of coaches, parents, and athletes on the recognition of concussions. In a bill that went into effect in 2007, Texas requires high school coaches to learn how to recognize and manage catastrophic injuries, including concussions, second impact syndrome, and returning a player to activity too soon. Education of athletes and parents can be achieved by the athletic trainer giving a presentation at the beginning of the season for each sport and sending them home with materials on the subject. Weeks or even months after an athlete has suffered a concussion, an athletic trainer should be aware


By means of literature review,questionnaire survey and interview,this paper investigates and analyzes the phenomenon of Physical Education teacher's career plateau.The result shows that: 1) the Physical Education teachers' career plateau is in moderate level.The PE teachers get lowest secores in content plateau while highest in hierarchical plateau;2) The total plateau and factors change with the increase of their teaching time and their age,the level of hierarchical plateau is significant increase;There is no significant gender difference in total plateau,hierarchical plateau and centralized plateau,but the gender difference in content plateau(P0.01);There are extremely evident difference in total plateau,centralized plateau and hierarchical plateau among the Physical Education teachers with different educational background(P0.01).The conclusion is Physical Education teachers' career plateau is at moderate level,there are evident differences in the various factors between different gender,age,educational background,the teaching time and so on.


Sari SLA, Setyaningsih R, Wibowo NFA. 2017. Isolation and screening of cellulolytic fungi from Salacca zalacca leaf litter. Biodiversitas 18: 1282-1288. Cellulases are the main enzymes in a bioconversion of lignocellulosic biomass. Fungal cellulases have been proven to be better candidates for this process than other microbial cellulases since they secrete free cellulase complex including endoglucanases, cellobiohydrolases, and I²-glucosidase. This study was conducted to isolate and screen of cellulolytic fungi from Salacca leaf litter. There were about 12 fungal isolates which were obtained in this research and 8 isolates showed cellulolytic activity. Based on morphological characters, these cellulolytic fungi were identified as belonging to 4 genera, i.e. Penicillium, Aspergillus, Paecilomyces, and Thielaviopsis. Based on clear zone formation, isolate SLL03, SLL06 and SLL10 showed highest cellulolytic activity. Whereas, based on 18S rRNA gene sequence, these isolates were identified as Aspergillums flavus (SLL03), Penicillium sp. (SLL06) Thielaviopsis ethacetica (SLL10). Therefore, these isolates would be good candidates for cellulase producer.


We study the role of the superconducting proximity effect on the electron-phonon energy exchange in diffusive normal metals (N) attached to superconductors (S). The proximity effect modifies the spectral response of the normal metal, in particular the local density of states. This leads to a weakening of the electron-phonon energy relaxation. We show that the effect is easily observable with modern thermometry methods, and predict that it can be tuned in structures connected to multiple superconductors by adjusting the phase difference between superconducting order parameters at the two NS interfaces.


This research aims at shedding the light on the role of contact, by internet, in the education in terms of its definition, functions and effectiveness. The knowledge breadth of societies, development of education philosophy and the change of teachers' role tempt pedagogical to pay attention to the new instructional techniques. These techniques are addressing some of main problems that educational institutions faced and increasing their products through the rise of education rate which may be realized by providing equal opportunities for all individuals wherever they are and at any time taking in consideration the individual differences among learners. In the late of twenty century and in the early of twenty one century, the internet web pervade economical, social, cultural and political aspects of life due to its distinctive services it provides. This network is turned into a clarification device that provides information and photos in short time and little effort for teacher and learner altogether. Importance of the research lies on the significance of internet which is one of education requirements that teacher must know including the e-mail, conversations and other electronic programs . Also, the significance of instructions for their impact on societies as the performers of scientific and educational objectives that Institutions of Higher Education are seeking to realize. The current research wants to identify the role of contact services (with internet) in education development in Faculty of Education at Al-Mustansyria University and tries to: 1- Identify the role of networks in education development. 2- Know which kind of networks is more widely used in teaching. 3- Sign the differences of internet use for teachers according to gender variable. The research sample consists of (200) of both genders with (100) of females and (100)of males. The two researchers come up with the following set of results: 1- Using the internet shall become an urgent necessity for the development of Higher Education Institutions. 2- Using the internet in Higher Education shall increase opportunities for getting unique outputs. 3- The application of using the internet shall push up the desire of learning. 4- Using the internet in education shall promote the Higher Education level and contribute to country advance. Both researchers have come up with set of recommendations as a complement for this research as follows: 1- Utilization of internet network shall be popularized in education. 2- Concept of communication by internet shall be spread among all employees of Institutions of Higher Education. 3- Institutions of Higher Education shall pay more attention to provide an educational environment enhanced with electronic devices in all Universities. Both researchers suggested a number of researches as follows: 1- Conduct comparative studies among Foreign, Arab and Iraqi Universities on using the internet to know the Deficiencies to be overcome in future. 2- Conduct a study on using the internet and its relation with social level. 3- Conduct a study on the impact of using the internet on the curriculum for various stages.


A pinched-beam diode consists of a thin annular cathode which emits electrons that are accelerated toward a planar anode. Once the energy deposited by the electrons on the anode is sufficiently large, a plasma forms on the anode and the electrons are strongly pinched toward the axis of the diode. An intense ion beam with a current of 100's kA is also produced. Previous simulations of the pinched-beam diode focused on the electron dynamics. [1] In this paper, we focus on the properties of the ion beam formed in the diode. Specifically, we focus on the electric and magnetic field distributions in the diode and how these charge distributions influence the uniformity of the ion beam. There are a number of factors that can affect the overall quality of the ion beam in a pinched beam diode including spotty emission from the anode and the distribution of ion and electron charge in the diode gap. In this paper, we will present results from simulations that neglect spotty emission and focus on the role that the electron and ion charge distribution in the diode play on the overall ion beam quality. The simulations show the formation of "hot spots" in the electron flow that attract the ion flow. This causes non-uniformity in the ion flow as it passes through the electron flow. As the ion beam exits the diode region it picks up electrons either from the electron flow in the diode itself or from field emitted electrons that come from conducting surfaces located behind the cathode tips. The geometry behind the cathode tips influences how much of the neutralizing electron flow is pulled from the high-energy diode flow and how much comes from the wall emission behind the tips. Simulations results will be presented to address the effect that this geometry has on the electron hot spots and ion beam uniformity.


Wheat shorts and clear flour are by-products generated during flour milling that are either sold as animal feed or added back to certain types of bread products. The residual carbohydrates make them a suitable carbon sources provided appropriate measures are taken to free the fermentable sugars. The objective of the study is to validate the effectiveness of extraction of carbohydrates originating from both wheat shorts and clear flour. The extraction process will consist of thermal hydrolysis and enzymatic hydrolysis of wheat shorts and clear flour to free fermentable sugars and take 2 days. The fermentation process will be completed at 37C for 5 days, and in doing so the two by-products can be compared as a carbon source in terms of fermentable sugar and lactic acid yield.


Exploring the space connotations of "inside" and "outside" of Chinese traditional He-Yuan architecture, we could get two conclusions. 1. It could satisfy our requirements of the security, privacy and ceremony. Two characteristics the "order" and "inward" become different concepts of the space order of the "primary" and "secondary" , "left" and "right", "inside" and "outside", etc.; and then turn or guide people's thoughts to reflect on and review their own inner. The people who live in the building could get an orderly and harmonious feeling. 2. With the constituent parts of the building such as walls, doors, windows and curtains, these could define the differences between indoor and outdoor spaces and also form senses of depth and rhythm of the space by moving our sights or footsteps. In the meanwhile, these could bring feelings of deep quiet and full of substance through the spatial separation.


To improve the literacy rate of the population, the government, through the Ministry of Education and Culture, has initiated the National Literacy Movement (GLN) program since 2016, consisting of the School Literacy Movement (GLS), Family Literacy Movement, and Community Literacy Movement. motion exists. The National Literacy Movement has encouraged the growth of a reading culture. The purpose of habituation is to increase interest in reading and improve reading skills so that knowledge can be acquired better. The researchers chose Kediri city in East Java. Kediri City is a service city, a city with a thriving trade and service industry. The purpose of this study is to determine how to develop a test of variables and indicators that represent reading habits and suitable indicators for measuring levels of reading habits. Reading habits in Kediri city. East Java. According to the findings, the Kediri City Reading Interest Index is in the top category with 79.7, the score he is composed of four index dimensions. Each index value mentioned for the city of Kediri is a skill dimension index of 93.9. An Access Dimension Index of 65.3 belongs to the high category. 90.3 Very High Categorical Alternate Dimension Index. The cultural dimension index is 69.2, which is in the high category. The nine years of obligatory schooling are a great contribution to Kediri Municipality's efforts to increase community literacy, and electronic reading material for smartphones and computers (laptops, PCs, tablets, and/or tablets) that supports Latin letter reading and writing is also available. According to the aforementioned statistics, there is truly very great potential for local communities to independently provide print reading and Internet networks, as well as the use of computer devices that bridged the majority of the access to multiple reading sources. Therefore, we must concentrate on promoting more streamlined, secure, and dependable access.


Background and Aim:  Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is a promising, minimally invasive treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, thermal injury sometimes occurs in the bile duct, potentially leading to a critical situation. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether bile duct injury is reduced by an intraductal chilled saline perfusion (ICSP) through a nasobiliary tube during RFA for HCC.


In this thesis, we address the issue of gravitational collapse in electromag- netic theory.For this purpose, we adopt two approaches one by assuming charged perfect fuid in the interior of a star and another by studying the dynamics of thin shell of matter on the surface of a charged star.The cylindrically symmetric charged perfect fuid collapse is explored by assum ing that charged perfect fluid is moving along geodesics in the interior of cylinder.In this case, the analytic solution of the Einstein-Maxwell eld equations represents gravitational collapse.The end state of collapse is found to be conical singularity.We formulate general dynamical equations using Israel thin shell formal- ism in charged background which helps to investigate gravitational collapse of scalar eld and polytropic matter thin shell. In massless case, we find that scalar shell either expands to ini?½nity or collapses to a point forming a curvature singularity.Also, the massive scalar eld shell can exhibit the bouncing behavior.It is found that expanding and collapsing polytropic matter as well as perfect i?½uid shell comes to rest, then re-expands to innfinity or re-collapses to a point. We also discuss the polytropic matter collapse in non-commutative geometry.The non-commutative parameter stops the shell to expand or collapse again, so there occurs a singularity at non-zero value of shell radius.The charged perfect i?½uid collapse with positive cosmological constant is investigated in Friedmann and 5D Tolman-Bondi models. We nd mar ginally bound solution for both models and non-marginally bound solution for 5D model.Also, the formation of apparent horizons is discussed.The end state of charged perfect fluid gravitational collapse in both models has been found as a black hole. Finally, we discuss phantom energy accretion onto a 5D charged black hole. It is found that if the charge of black hole is larger than its mass, then a black hole is converted into naked singularity.The critical accretion points are investigated. We conclude that when phantom energy accretes onto 5D charged black hole then there appears a mass to charge ratio, the lower limit of this ratio represents a regular as well as extremal 5D charged black holes, while upper limit represents a naked singularity.


Recently, biocompatibility report revealed that the TiO2 nano-network (TiO2 NT) structure has much higher cells colonization than the native TiO2 on Ti surface. In this study, we prepared the hyaluronic acid (HA) immobilized TiO2 NT layer by plasma surface modification and then evaluated biological behavior of MC3T3-E1 on the Ti, TiO2 NT and TiO2 NT/NH2/HA surface. The cell viability tests revealed slightly enhanced viability on the TiO2 NT/NH2/HA surfaces than on the untreated Ti surfaces.


Introduction: Given the importance of screening as one of the health behaviors in breast cancer, the aim of this research is to develop and evaluate the psychometric characteristics of Health Behavior Constructs Scale (HBCS) for breast cancer screening.Methods: In this cross sectional study, 376 women who referred to Javaheri Health Center during the study period due to health problems, were selected through convenience sampling method. Then, the instrument was developed and its content and face validities were examined. To ensure divergent and convergent validity, Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21) was used. Internal consistency method (Cronbach's alpha) was used to determine the reliability of the questionnaire. Finally, confirmatory factor analysis was used to assess the construct validity of the Health Behavior Constructs Scale and SPSS and LISREL software were applied for analyzing data.Results: The findings of this study provided strong supports, which confirmed the content and face validities. Regarding the convergent and divergent validity, perceived vulnerability, perceived severity and deterioration, and perceived barriers have a direct and significant relationship with the three variables of depression, anxiety, and stress. On the other hand, perceived self-efficacy and perceived motivation had a significant inverse correlation with all three variables of depression, anxiety, and stress. The results of the Cronbach's alpha indicated the appropriate internal consistency of the whole questionnaire and its components. Cronbach's alpha for the whole questionnaire was 0.75. According to confirmatory factor analysis, the goodness of fit indicators of proposed model were confirmed and all paths were significant.Conclusion: HBCS is a reliable and valid tool for measuring the screening behavior of breast cancer in Iranian women and it appears to be a comprehensive and useful instrument for assessing women's beliefs related to breast cancer and breast cancer screening.


Ukhrul district which is one of the nine districts of Manipur, is a hilly region predominantly inhabited by the Tangkhul tribe. Wild edible fungi constitute an essential component in the diet and food security of the Tangkhul tribe living around the forest fringe or in its vicinity. Since time immemorial, Tangkhul tribe collects and consumed a wide variety of wild edible fungi for sustenance their livelihood. Moreover, many wild edible fungi are rich in nutrient content and formed as good sources of proteins, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins, minerals etc,. This article reports 14 wild edible fungi species documented during field survey in the local markets of Ukhrul district of Manipur, along with their vernacular names and mode of uses.


Though the province of Imbabura has a vast diversity of cultural and natural tourist attractions, it has become a place where people tend to pass through. This meaning that people stay to rest in Imbabura for one day maximum. This is the reason why this project seeks to give a diverse offer within the province itself. Rather than just buying in the Otavalo market, I intent to give an activitie that people in general enjoy. This circuit starts in the park San Sebastian and ends in the restored train station of Otavalo. Passing through natural atractions such as "la cascada de Peguche", El Lechero and Parque condor, the last ones located on top of Pucara Rey Loma. A place were the view of the Otavalo valley and its sorroundings is imponent and magnifisent at sight.


Background: Determination of the hemoglobin (Hb) levels of prospective blood donors has been performed on capillary blood obtained by finger prick using a gravimetric CuSO4 method. Noninvasive Hb testing devices based on pulse oximetry technology have recently been developed. This study was conducted to evaluate the performance of two noninvasive Hb testing devices, NBM 200 and Pronto-7 as a predonation Hb screening test. Methods: Hb levels of 993 blood donors (727 males, 266 females) were measured using five methods: two noninvasive methods, CuSO4 method, HemoCue, and hematology analyzer (Sysmex KX-21N). The hematology analyzer was considered as the reference method. Results: Compared with Hb levels of the hematology analyzer, the bias was 0.7 g/dL for NBM 200, 0.1 g/dL for Prtonto-7, and 0.4 g/dL for HemoCue. The intraclass correlation coefficients of Hb measurements compared to the hematology analyzer were 0.57 (95% CI: 0.25∼0.73) for NBM 200, 0.73 (95% CI: 0.69∼0.75) for Pronto-7, and 0.87 (95% CI: 0.69∼0.93) for HemoCue. The ability to detect Hb <12.5 g/dL and ≥12.5 g/dL was 16.4% and 99.2% for NBM 200, 55.8% and 95.9% for Pronto-7, 60.0% and 98.6% for HemoCue and 81.8% and 95.2% for the CuSO4 method, respectively. Conclusion: Unsatisfactory results were obtained using the noninvasive Hb testing devices for a predonation Hb screening test, although they have the apparent advantage of reducing pain and stress in donors thereby increasing donor satisfaction. However, for application in the blood donation setting, performance of these devices should be improved. (Korean J Blood Transfus 2015;26:273-281)


A novel, simple approach to the synthesis of macrocyclic Schiff base ligand resulted from the condensation of bisaldehyde and ethylenediamine was prepared (7, 8, 15, 16, 17, 18-hexahydrodibenzo (a, g) (14) annulene) (L) and its complexes were synthesized and characterized using different physicochemical studies as elemental analysis, FT-IR, 1H NMR, conductivity, magnetic properties, thermal analysis, and their biological activities. The spectroscopic data of the complexes suggest their 1:1 complexe structures which are investigated by elemental analysis, FT-IR, 1H NMR, conductivity, magnetic properties, thermal analysis, and their biological activities. The spectroscopic studies suggested the octahedral structure for the all complexes. The spectroscopic data of the complexes suggest their structure in which (N2O2) group act as a tetradentate ligand and two chlorides as monodentate ligands. Also electronic spectra and magnetic susceptibility measurements indicate octahedral structure of these complexes. The synthesized Schiff base and its metal complexes also were screened for their antibacterial and antifungal activity. Here we report the effect of a neutral chelating ligand on the complexation with iron to determine it in different types of natural water using recovery test. The activity data show that the metal complexes to be more potent/ antibacterial than the parent Schiff base ligand against one or more bacterial species.


T H E frequency and importance of acute and recurrent urinary tract infection (UTI) in infants and children has been recognised for more than half a century (Findlay, 1922; Smellie & Normand, 1968; MacGregor, 1970). Paradoxically the very high incidence and apparently rapid response of UTI to antimicrobials in this age group has led to casualness in diagnosis, investigation, treatment and particularly follow-up which is to be deprecated. In a recent study of 100 children referred to this renal clinic as UTI some 40 per cent had been diagnosed only on the strength of a filter paper strip test for proteinuria. A satisfactory culture had been obtained in less than 10 per cent of this group and the urine had not been examined in 30 per cent. Simple and accurate methods of diagnosing UTI reliably in general practice are now available. The diagnosis oflatent UTI ('asymptomatic bacteriuria') in schoolchildren could have been even more neglected but in some schools the reverse is the case. Kass (1956) emphasised the need for arbitrary standards in quantitation of bacteriuria. The difficulties of using hospital techniques such as collection of a mid-stream sample (Kunin et al., 1964; Savage et al., 1973) and setting up accurate quantitative culture in one hour proved insuperable in school screening programmes until recently. The problems were exaggerated because real or apparent refrigeration of urine specimens at 4 is unsatisfactory. Apparently easy techniques such as standard loop plating (McGeachie & Kennedy, 1963) are time-consuming, require some skill and are not comparable in accuracy to plane dipslide quantitative culture (Arneil and McAllister, 1971; McAllister et al., 1973). Various chemical tests have been found to have too high a failure rate to be reliable. One such test is the minimal glycosuria test (MGT) which relies on the fact that some 20 mg. per litre of glucose is present in normal fasting urine. Provided the child is fasting and urine has not been voided for 6-8 hours the normal glucose in the urine is consumed by significant bacteriuria and the MGT becomes negative. It is impossible to be sure that 5-year-old children are fasting but Dr. Mair, in the paper on page 51 of this issue of the Scottish Medical Journal, is to be congratulated on her initiative in arranging for mother and schoolchild to report at school before breakfast, provide an MSU and then breakfast at school. Even with such efforts the MGT test is not reliable enough and produced many false negatives as already reported (Arneil & McAllister, 1971). It is expensive, must later be confirmed by bacteriological cutlure and has little to recommend it as compared to 'dipstream' plane dipslide quantitative culture. In most published series the correlation between pyuria and bacteriuria has not been convincing. Dr Mair personally counted 2,165 morning specimens of urine finding 85 with pyuria « 10 w.b.c.rml.). Thirtyfour of these were found to have pyuria persisting in 3 specimens of whom 33 proved to have persisting significant bacteriuria. This very good correlation confirms that a skilled individual using morning urines (which are more likely to have a high concentration of leucocytes) can produce good results from quantitative counting but the technique is time-consuming, requires mid-stream urine and is thus not practicable on a wide scale. The methodology developed by Dr Mair has great potential. Noting the difficulty of persuading young girls to void in the company of nurses, doctors, etc. in a strange environment (school or clinic) she devised a system whereby the mother sampled the urine at home, and the success rate rose to 92 per cent. The child stands legs astride in the bath with the water running gently, or over a W.C. The mother either catches mid-stream


Libraries are purchasing access to increasing numbers of electronic resources, which has brought to the forefront many issues regarding the interlibrary lending of electronic books. The three predominantly accepted models for providing access to ebooks include borrowing, buying, and renting. Libraries have used these models in many ways to provide access to electronic content. Options for addressing barriers for ebook resource sharing include reviewing local license agreements for ebooks, gathering information on customer preferences, providing feedback to vendors and licensing librarians on customer needs, and evaluating ebook borrowing, buying, and renting options to identify which options best meets the needs of customers.


This paper is an exploratory analysis of some tweets from the current president Cristina Fernandez de Kirchner. Without claiming the representativeness of the corpus to analyze, we will use for this paper tweets posted during the months of May and June 2014. From the consideration that Twitter reinforces contact one-on-one, a breakdown of the hierarchical relationship and building an alleged horizontality, we wonder how these characteristics of this microblogger features work when the writer's tweets is the president of Argentina.


The atomic absorption behavior of europium and ytterbium was studied in an air-hydrogen flame as a cool flame. The effects of inorganic acids in the range of 0.01 to 2.5 M on the absorption of europium (300 ppM) and ytterbium (30 ppM) were investigated. The effects of metal ions in the range of l0 to 5000 ppM on the absorption of eurcpium and ytterbium were investigated. The absorption of europium increased in the presence of potassium of 10 to l000 ppM, and that of ytterbium decreased with increasing the concentration of potassium. Magnesium and aluminum remarkably suppressed the absorption of both the elements, but the interferences with the absorption of europium were eliminated by adding l% lanthanum. The absorption of europium gradually decreased with increasing the concentration of calcium, and that of ytterbium decreased by 80% in the presence of calcium of 100 to 5000 ppM. The absorption of both the elements decreased with increasing the concentration of Cr, Mn, Fc, and Pb. The absorption of europium increased by 20% in the presence of La and Nd more than l00 ppM, and by 50% in the presence of Sm of l000 ppM, but that decreased with increasing the concentration ofmore » Y and DY,. The absorption of ytterbium decreased with increasing the concentration of Y, La, Eu, Dy, and Er. The calibration curve for europium was linear in the range of 0 to 400 ppM. The calibration curve obtained by adding 0.l of 0 to 400 acid showed a sensitivity of 2.7 times in comparison with that for europium alone. The calibration durve for ytterbium obtained by adding 0.1 M perchloric acid showed a sensitivity of 4.5 times that for ytterbium alone and of 1.8 times that for yettebium obtained in a nitrous oxide-acetylene flame, Europium in synthetic or practical samples of rare earth oxide was determined by atomic absorption method using the air-hydrogen flame. A sample was dissolved by perchloric acid, and europium in the sample solution was determined. (auth)« less


Abstract : Polyamides have been obtained in yields of 92-95% from the unsaturated 6-dodecene-1, 12-dicarboxylic and 6, 10-hexadecadiene dicarboxylic acid sethylene diamine, hexamethylene diamine and decamethylene diamine. The polyamide from 6-dodecene-1, 12-dicarboxylic acid and hexamethylene diamine yields fiber which after irradiation with gamma rays from Co-60 at a dose rate of 2.7 Mrad/hr., showed a breaking strength of up to 33.1 rkm and an elongation of 23%, compared with values of 20.3 rkm and 25% for the unirradiated fiber. (Author-PL)


Single-RF front-end MIMO systems have drawn the attention of the research community due to their considerable advantages against the conventional MIMO systems. MIMO multiplexing capabilities are implemented in the beamspace domain using parasitic antenna arrays with one active and many parasitic elements, like the Electronically Steerable Passive Array Radiator (ESPAR) antenna. The multiplexing is achieved in terms of linear combination of diverse symbols with orthonormal basis patterns. Initially, an analytical method was proposed to derive the basis patterns, which remain orthogonal in rich scattering environments. Recently, the numerical calculation of channel-aware orthonormal patterns was introduced. In this paper, we extend the presented method in 3-dimensional channels and radiation patterns. The proposed technique is based on the singular value decomposition of the wireless channel, as seen in the beamspace domain, and it adaptively computes 3D orthonormal basis patterns at both transmitter and receiver sides. It is expected that the 3D analysis will facilitate the compensation of the body effects in the handheld terminal performance.


The utility model discloses a one-time injection slipper mold, which comprises an upper template, a lower template, a middle connecting plate and a shoe tree-shaped mold core; the inner side faces of the upper and lower templates are provided with cavities; the middle connecting plate is clamped between the upper and lower templates, and one side edges of the middle connecting plate and the upper and lower templates are hinged together; the tree-shaped mold core is fixed in a space enclosed by the upper and lower templates on the middle connecting plate; material accommodating cavities which are communicated and matched with the shape and pattern of a slipper are formed among the upper and lower templates and the shoe tree-shaped mold core; and the one-time injection slipper mold also comprises a feeding channel communicated with the material accommodating cavities from the outer side face of the upper template. Compared with the prior art, the slipper mold improved structure can manufacture slippers integrally, a production process for the slippers can be simplified, the production efficiency is improved, and the manufactured slippers have the advantages that: uppers and soles are difficult to separate and the service life is long.


The purpose of this review is to provide the haematologist with a working knowledge of the common inherited bone marrow failure syndromes (iBMFS) diagnosed in early childhood to young adulthood. Although these disorders are heterogeneous, this article discusses their common features, pathophysiology, and management. Each of these syndromes has a spectrum of clinical variation and can cause both haematological and non-haematological manifestations. Most pathogenic mutations responsible are in genes important to a progenitor cell's ability to maintain genomic integrity, which accounts for the clinical phenotypes often affecting multiple tissues. Furthermore, all of these syndromes predispose not only to aplastic anaemia but also to myelodysplastic syndrome/acute myeloid leukaemia. Since iBMFS only account for a small percentage of childhood leukaemia cases, it is important that the clinician maintains a high clinical suspicion as appropriate diagnosis impacts treatment, health screening, and family members. Identification of iBMFS is critically important for appropriate donor selection and transplant regimens, as haematopoietic stem cell transplantation is curative for the haematological manifestations of these diseases, but treatment-related mortality can be excessive if modifications are not made to conditioning.


Acknowledgements 1. Introduction 2. Electromagnetic wave propagation 3. The absorption of light 4. Specular reflection 5. Single particle scattering: perfect spheres 6. Single particle scattering: irregular particles 7. Propagation in a nonuniform medium: the equation of radiative transfer 8. The bidirectional reflectance of a semi-infinite medium 9. The opposition effect 10. A miscellany of bidirectional reflectances and related quantities 11. Integrated reflectances and planetary photometry 12. Photometric effects of large scale roughness 13. Polarization 14. Reflectance spectroscopy 15. Thermal emission and emittance spectroscopy 16. Simultaneous transport of energy by radiation and conduction Appendix A. A brief review of vector calculus Appendix B. Functions of a complex variable Appendix C. The wave equation in spherical coordinates Appendix D. Fraunhoffer diffraction by a circular hole Appendix E. Table of symbols Bibliography Index.


The preparation

of ortho-nitro substituted isomer of

flutamide,2-methyl-N-(2-nitro-5-trifluoromehyl phenyl )-propionamide,

its melting point,UV,IR,MS,lHNMR,and13CNMR spectral data were

replrted .The obvious difference of TLC behavior between this

compoundand flutamide offered a method for detecting this compound in

impure flutamide。


It is an important step to encourage college graduates to be self-employed instead of obtaining employment to consequently expand employment opportunities.There are still some problems such as weakness of self-employment education,inadequate support from the government policies,low rate and low quality of successful cases,though college graduates' self-employment significantly proceeds.Research conveys that college graduates' self-employment presents periodicity with its demerits mainly through stages of preparation,attempting,and recession.It is necessary for colleges,government,and other organizations involved to support to make college graduates' self-employment sufficient and successful.


Excerpt A majority of patients with active sarcoidosis develop a granulomatous nodule within 6 weeks of the intracutaneous injection of suspensions prepared from spleens or lymph nodes involved by ...


Abstract With comparable molar quantities, chromotropic acid reacts with compounds containing aldehyde groups -CHO e.g. with formadehyde or glyoxylic acid to form cyclic compounds with rings containing four chromotropic acid fragments — cyclotetrachromotropylene derivatives. The cyclic compounds, due to the presence of a cavity in the molecule, can play the part of host and complex smaller molecules, which has been confirmed on the basis of triethylamine by the 1H-NMR measurements. Using spectrophotometric method the stability constant of 1:1 complex formed between Ti(IV) and cyclic compound chromotropic acid with formaldehyde has been determined - K = (9,0 ± 0,1) 104.


PURPOSE
Deformable image registration (DIR) plays a pivotal role in head and neck adaptive radiotherapy but a systematic validation of DIR algorithms has been limited by a lack of quantitative high-resolution groundtruth. We address this limitation by developing a GPU-based framework that provides a systematic DIR validation by generating (a) model-guided synthetic CTs representing posture and physiological changes, and (b) model-guided landmark-based validation.

METHOD
The GPU-based framework was developed to generate massive mass-spring biomechanical models from patient simulation CTs and contoured structures. The biomechanical model represented soft tissue deformations for known rigid skeletal motion. Posture changes were simulated by articulating skeletal anatomy, which subsequently applied elastic corrective forces upon the soft tissue. Physiological changes such as tumor regression and weight loss were simulated in a biomechanically precise manner. Synthetic CT data was then generated from the deformed anatomy. The initial and final positions for one hundred randomly-chosen mass elements inside each of the internal contoured structures were recorded as ground truth data. The process was automated to create 45 synthetic CT datasets for a given patient CT. For instance, the head rotation was varied between +/- 4 degrees along each axis, and tumor volumes were systematically reduced up to 30%. Finally, the original CT and deformed synthetic CT were registered using an optical flow based DIR.

RESULTS
Each synthetic data creation took approximately 28 seconds of computation time. The number of landmarks per data set varied between two and three thousand. The validation method is able to perform sub-voxel analysis of the DIR, and report the results by structure, giving a much more in depth investigation of the error.

CONCLUSIONS
We presented a GPU based high-resolution biomechanical head and neck model to validate DIR algorithms by generating CT equivalent 3D volumes with simulated posture changes and physiological regression.


The utility model belongs to the technical field of electrical, and provides a digital product charging cabinet. The digital product charging cabinet includes a cabinet body (1), the cabinet body has a plurality of charging chambers (8) for charging digital products, the charging chambers are individually set, and a door body (2) is set corresponding to each charging chamber (8). The charging chamber is mounted with charging apparatuses for charging the digital products to-be-charged. The plurality of charging apparatuses are respectively connected with a power supply through a wire. The charging apparatuses are power sockets (4), and have chargers (5) matched with the digital products to-be-charged. The utility model provides convenient conditions for charging mobile phones, MP3 and other digital products in public places and office spaces at any moment, and ensures the safety of the charging apparatuses during charging. The digital product charging cabinet has the characteristics of simple structure and easy operation.


272 Background: In 2005, the National Quality Measures for Breast Centers (NQMBC) was initiated as a web-based program to capture breast center performance using process of care measurements. The program participant enters data verified by the breast center director or administrator which was randomly audited. As a center submits data, their results are immediately compared with other similar centers as well as with all submitting centers.

METHODS
Of the 31 measures, we focus on six pertinent measures of quality breast care; time from diagnostic mammogram to needle biopsy, time from needle biopsy to initial breast cancer surgery, breast conservation rate, use of radiation therapy for breast conserving patients, use of endocrine therapy, and use of chemotherapy. Data was submitted in aggregate form, with each center submitting their average performance for any measure every 6-12 months from 2005 to 2014. Each submission included the number of patients used to calculate their submission. For this report, we have defined the "benchmark" as the average performance of all centers submitting data for a particular time period.

RESULTS
At the end of 10 years, the time from diagnostic mammogram to needle biopsy decreased by 2 days (207,425 patients reviewed), while the time from needle biopsy to initial cancer surgery increased by 5 days (86,084 patients). Breast conserving surgery markedly decreased 2.4% per year from 2005 to 2010, yet increased 2% per year from 2010 to 2014 (29,455 patients). For use of adjuvant therapies, we saw gradual increase in use. At 10 years, use of radiation therapy was at 92.5%, had increased at 0.7% per year, 6.5% overall increase (13,202 patients); use of endocrine therapy was 89%, had increased at 1.2% per year, 12% overall increase (12,684 patients); and use of chemotherapy was 97%, had increased at 0.5% per year, 10% overall increase (2,467 patients).

CONCLUSIONS
Benchmarks of quality breast care are necessary as guideposts for providers. While the use of adjuvant therapies have increased over 10 years as expected, the fluctuations of use of breast conserving surgery as well as changes in time spent prior to surgery were unexpected. Benchmarks may change over time in unpredictable ways which supports ongoing monitoring the level of breast quality care.


Summary In an investigation of the primary a-particle component of the cosmic radiation a nuclear emulsion technique has been employed. A value of 60 ± 17 g/cm2 was found for the collision mean free path of α-particles in emulsion. The justification for using this value to obtain values for the mean free paths in other media is discussed. A value of 320±36 αparticles per m2 per steradian per sec was found for the primary flux at a geomagnetic latitude of 55°N. This was in agreement with previous values. The energy distribution found was in agreement with that for the heavy primaries (Z>3) given by Dainton et al. (1952) and Gottstein (1954).


Mental health therapeutic digital applications can be used in supporting the rehabilitation treatment and help patients to understand and motivate themselves and persist in therapeutic practices. Although the importance and use of such software systems continue to increase, the literature does not specify a consolidated methodology to be employed in the design of such application. There is consensus, however, that in the complex scenario of health, it is beneficial to involve different stakeholders. Thus, this paper reports a collaborative process, which is guided in the frame of the organizational semiotics, for the enrichment of Personas characterizing target users of therapeutic applications in the context of mental health. The paper discusses the application of this process in creating user profiles to therapeutic games that aim to support the rehabilitation of chemical dependent and depressive patients.


UNTIL comparatively recently, the stock assumption of literary historians was that in the later sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries there was an intense mutual antipathy and hostility between Puritanism and the stage. Puritans regarded theaters as abominable haunts of vice and corruption which a well-regulated state would completely suppress. Dramatists regarded Puritans as hypocrites, who pretended to be holier than other people but were in fact motivated by various kinds of greed, for food, sex, and money. The standard view can be seen in three American studies from the first half of the twentieth century: E. N. S. Thompson, The Controversy between the Puritans and the Stage (1903), A. M. Myers, Representation and Misrepresentation of the Puritans in Elizabethan Drama (1931), and W. P. Holden, Anti-Puritan Satire 1572-1642 (1954). They provide useful surveys of attitudes on both sides, and also have considerable value as repositories of raw material: they combed through the various dramatists and brought to light the comments made on Puritans. In 1980 appeared Margot Heinemann's Puritanism and Theatre: Thomas Middleton and Opposition Drama under the Early Stuarts. Her main argument was that there existed a Parliamentary Puritan opposition to King James, notably in the second half of his reign, and that Middleton was writing on behalf of this opposition, particularly in his notorious play A Game at Chess (1624), which she saw as a scathing satire on royal policy. She used various arguments to show Middleton as working for Puritan patrons, but I will not spell them out as I have already expressed my reservations about them elsewhere. (1) Her book aroused considerable enthusiasm among literary scholars, though it has to be said that historians reviewed it much less favorably. (2) She established "opposition drama"--plays attacking King James's policies, especially his foreign policies--as a kind of literary genre, and subsequent critics extended her approach to other dramatists, as did Julia Gasper in her book on Dekker, The Dragon and the Dove: The Plays of Thomas Dekker, which appeared in 1990. Heinemann was rather dismissive of Caroline drama, the drama of the 1630s, seeing it as enfeebled by harsh censorship and lacking the radical and populist elements of the best Jacobean drama. Martin Butler, however, in his Theatre and Crisis 1632-1642, published in 1984, argued that Caroline drama was not simply royalist and sycophantic, as used to be commonly thought, but independent and intelligently alert to the social and political crises of the time, and was often hostile to the policies of king Charles. In the same year, 1984, Jonathan Dollimore published his Radical Tragedy, which argued that Jacobean tragedy was skeptical toward, and subversive of, current political and religious orthodoxies. The books by Heinemann, Butler, and Dollimore differed in various ways, but shared a basic assumption that early seventeenth-century drama was critical of James I and Charles I. Not surprisingly, this could lead to the suggestion that drama played a part in the shift of attitudes which provoked the civil war. Butler put the idea fairly cautiously: It has become fashionable among historians to see the Civil War as the product as much of miscalculation, accident and circumstance as of design, but if we wish to see the readiness of those who were prepared to go to war as part of something much more deeply-rooted, then we may conclude that the drama too, by calling the old certainties into question and educating attitudes to them over a period of years, was in part responsible for creating the conditions in which men would have the capacity, and the will, to take such a step. (3) An Italian critic, Franco Moretti, made a much more sweeping claim: "Elizabethan and Jacobean tragedy contributed, more radically than any other cultural phenomenon of the same period, to discrediting the values of absolute monarchy, thereby paving the way, with wholly destructive means, for the English revolution of the seventeenth century . …


The significantly enhanced performance upon incorporation of Au nanoparticles in solution-processed small-molecule solar cells is demonstrated. Simultaneously incorporating Au nanospheres into the hole transport layer and Au-silica nanorods into the active layer results in superior broadband absorption improvement in the device with a power conversion efficiency of 8.72% with 31% enhancement.


. For discrete groups we introduce a new class of sets, called weak uniqueness sets, which for abelian groups contains the class of sets of uniqueness. Considered is the problem of determining groups for which every finite set is a weak uniqueness set. Some examples are given.


In a rapidly evolving health environment facing significant challenges associated with an ageing population, ageing health workforce, increasing patient acuity, and resource constraint, there is widespread agreement that current models of health care provision will struggle to meet future health need. In 2011, NZNO developed a vision for nursing that outlined a future direction for nursing in a range of areas including health sector models of care (Clendon, 2011). With specific reference to models of care the vision states:


Transport of carbon and boron impurity ions parallel to magnetic field lines in the tokamak SOL (scrape-off layer) is numerically investigated for a one-dimensional steady state. The spatial distributions of density and velocity of the impurity ions in a steady state are calculated by finite difference method for a single-fluid model. The calculated results show that among forces acting on SOL particles thermal force produced tv plasma temperature gradient is a principal force determining the feature of impurity distribution profiles in the tokamak edge. However, strong collisional friction forces appearing dominant in front of the diverter plate restrain impurity ion flows due to temperature gradients from moving toward the midplane. Consequently, the stagnation point develops in the impurity flow by these two forces near the diverter region, in which ion flows change their directions. Impurity ions turn out to be accumulated at the stagnation points, where peaked profiles of highly-ionized state ions are relatively predominant over those of low-ionized state ions


A semimagnetic semiconductor microcavity is described and its behaviour under non-linear effects explained. The variation produced both in the Faraday rotation and the dephasage of the optical signal is calculated, showing that it can be obtained as the addition of the different non-linear processes effects.


The effects of fish kill and different fish stocks on the phytoplankton and zooplankton dynamics were studied in a shallow hypertrophic reservoir system. When fish stock was below 100 kg ha−1, nutrient availability was not the main limiting factor for growth of phytoplankton. Consequently top-down forces controlled phytoplankton. In the years with high fish stock (>100 kg ha−1) the bottom-up forces dominated as nutrient availability was the main limiting factor for growth of phytoplankton. We can conclude that significant water quality improvement can be achieved in the reservoir system by decreasing fish stock below 100 kg ha−1. Although clear-water phase could be stabilised temporary by macrophytes, stabilisation of good water quality requires continuous regulation of fish community. (© 2004 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


The lasers possess a high potential for space technology application. The article substantiates the main requirements as well as suggests approaches to the construction of spaceborne lasers for location and lidar applications, energy transfer, space debris removal from near-earth orbits, and acceleration of space vehicles. The achievements in the field of high brightness solidstate lasers based on the phase conjugation effect are demonstrated, and the feasibility of their application in space technology is substantiated.


Natural deltas can provide human beings with flat and fertile land to be cultivated. It is important to monitor cropland dynamics to provide policy-relevant information for regional sustainable development. This paper utilized Landsat imagery to study the cropland dynamics of the Yellow River Delta during the last three decades. Multi-temporal Landsat data were used to account for the phenological variations of different plants. Several spectral and textural features were adopted to increase the between-class separability. The robust random forest classifier was used to generate the land cover maps of the Yellow River Delta for 1986, 1995, 2005 and 2015. Experimental results indicated that the proposed methodology showed good performance with an average classification accuracy of 89.44%. The spatial-temporal analysis indicated that the cropland area increased from 467.6 km 2 in 1986 to 718.5 km 2 in 2015 with an average growth rate of 8.65 km 2 /year. The newly created croplands were mainly due to the reclamation of grassland and bare soil while the losses of croplands were due to abandoned cultivation and urban sprawl. The results demonstrate that a sustainable perspective should be adopted by the decision makers in order to simultaneously maintain food security, industrial development and ecosystem safety.


In the next decade, gravitational wave instruments in space may provide high-precision measurements of gravitational-wave signals from strong sources, such as black holes. Currently variations on the original Laser Interferometer Space Antenna mission concepts are under study in the hope of reducing costs. Even the observations of a reduced instrument may place strong demands on numerical relativity capabilities. Possible advances in the coming years may fuel a new generation of codes ready to confront these challenges.


PURPOSE
To compare the efficacy, in regard to time to progression (TTP) and objective response rate (ORR), of letrozole (Femara; Novartis Pharma AG; Basel Switzerland), an oral aromatase inhibitor, with that of tamoxifen (Tamofen; Leiras OY; Turku, Finland) as first-line therapy in younger (<70 years) and older (>/=70 years) postmenopausal women with advanced breast cancer.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
Nine hundred seven patients with advanced breast cancer were randomly assigned to receive 2.5 mg letrozole (n = 453) or 20 mg tamoxifen (n = 454) once daily in a double-blind, multicenter, international trial. Among the prospectively planned analyses were analyses of TTP and ORR by age (<70 and >/=70 years). The results of these prospectively planned analyses are reported here.

RESULTS
Letrozole was as effective in older postmenopausal women (>/=70 years of age) as it was in younger postmenopausal women (<70 years of age). The overall ORR in the older subgroup was significantly higher in patients treated with letrozole (38%) than in patients treated with tamoxifen (18%). In the younger subgroup of postmenopausal patients, the ORRs were not significantly different (letrozole, 26%; tamoxifen, 22%). TTP was significantly longer for letrozole than for tamoxifen in both age groups (younger: letrozole median TTP, 8.8 months; tamoxifen, 6.0 months; older: letrozole median TTP, 12.2 months; tamoxifen, 5.8 months). Although age was independently prognostic of TTP, there was no significant effect of age on ORR in the presence of other factors.

CONCLUSION
The data show that letrozole, 2.5 mg once daily, is as effective in older, postmenopausal women as it is in younger postmenopausal women with advanced breast cancer. In addition, letrozole was more effective than tamoxifen in both younger and older patients.


This paper explores the role of Entrepreneurial Orientation (EO) as an antecedent of early internationalisation in the context of University Spin-Out companies (USOs); in particular, the paper focuses on a single, second-order dimension of EO: Entrepreneurial Proactiveness (EP). USOs are an interesting context as, beyond frequently internationalising early, they tend to be highly innovative and risk-averse, enabling the research to capture the individual role of EP as a catalyst for internationalisation. Moreover, USOs tend to have long gestation periods, thus providing the study with the opportunity to extend its focus to include the pre-foundation period of the firm and add a temporal dimension to proactiveness. To achieve this, we employ a qualitative case study methodology of two Italian universities. Thematic analysis of the data shows that early internationalising USOs differ in the way they identify and pursue opportunities during pre-foundation. Additionally, the timing of proactive behaviours emerges as bearing critical implications for early internationalisation.


Queen Wu consolidated her power and position through a host of cultural and academic activities in palace so that she started to share rights with her husband, Gao Zhong and finally distorted Tang Dynasty into Zhou. The paper is to analyze how Queen Wu ascended in power through these cultural and academic activities, which reveals the fierceness of the then palace disputes.


The existence of gay is blooming all around the world. This kind of phenomenon develops in any age, professions, ethnics, and many others. Some of them are getting married to heterosexual female people. I dug some inputs about existentialism in both bad faith and good faith experienced by married bisexual men through gay application Hornet. I found six people from four different cities in Java. I raised some open-ended questions to them. All the collected data I interpreted to satisfy the aim of my research. After analyzing the findings I could say that the married bisexual men could not escape from their responsibility of freedom


Objectives To evaluate the clinical and radiological outcome of Kienbӧck's disease treatment by scaphocapitate fusion in 20 patients. Background Kienböck's disease remains a difficult entity to treat till understanding the etiology and natural history of the disease. Treatment will continue to be based on trails to decrease load across the lunate or revascularizing it. Patients and methods This study was retrospectively performed on 20 patients, with age of 19–59 years. All of the patients presented with Kienböck disease grades II and IIIa and with no evidence of arthritis. They were treated with scaphocapitate arthrodesis using the dorsal approach. The mean follow-up period was 6 months. Complications and adverse events were recorded. Results The clinical results were classified on subjective base and were graded as excellent outcome in six (30%) patients, good in 10 (50%) patients, and fair in 4 (20%) patients. Conclusion Scaphocapitate arthrodesis is a good procedure that mechanically decompresses the lunate and prevents progressive carpal instability with minimal complications.


Abstract Objective The aim of this study was to determine the effects of a 2-day prenatal course of indomethacin on the premature kidney as reflected by serum creatinine and urinary biomarkers. Study Design Urine of infants ≤ 32 weeks was collected for the first 14 days and analyzed for cystatin C, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, osteopontin, β2 microglobulin, epidermal growth factor, uromodulin, and microalbumin. Bivariate analysis compared serum creatinine and biomarkers of exposed (INDO) and unexposed (CONT) subjects. Results Fifty-seven infants (35 CONT and 22 INDO) were studied. The cohorts were similar in gestational age, birthweight, race, gender, nephrotoxic medication exposure, and Apgar scores. CONT had more dopamine exposure and included more pre-eclamptic mothers (p = 0.005). No difference in creatinine-based acute kidney injury or the log transformed mean, maximum, and minimum values of urinary biomarkers was detected. Conclusion Our findings suggest that a short course of tocolytic indomethacin does not result in neonatal acute kidney injury. Key Points A short prenatal course of indomethacin does not result in neonatal AKI. Urinary EGF might have a promising role as a more sensitive biomarker for early detection of AKI in premature infants.


The subject of the study is the processes of interaction between interest rates and inflation in the domestic economy, contributing to changes in the quality of life of the population, business activity and the volume of investments of organizations. the purpose of the work is to establish a mechanism for increasing the efficiency of the interest rate and stabilizing inflation in the conditions of turbulence of the Russian economy. the study summarizes the processes of the relationship between the key rate of the Bank of Russia, bank interest rates and inflation; the reasons for the price increase have been identified, the current trends in the consumer price index, the dynamics of prices in the markets of goods and services, changes in the cost of housing have been identified, and the conditions for increasing the effectiveness of the interest rate in Russia have been established. Through a systematic and comprehensive analysis, the strengths and weaknesses of inflation targeting as a tool for stabilizing monetary relations under conditions of uncertainty in Russia are identified; the dependence of the growth of the consumer price index (inflation rate) on average annual interest rates is revealed. the conclusions are made that the strengthening of the role of the mega-regulator for regulating the interest rate and the inflation rate makes it possible to determine clear guidelines and quickly adapt to new macroeconomic conditions. the proposals to increase the efficiency of the interest rate and stabilize inflation within the framework of the implementation of a soft monetary policy are substantiated.


In this paper we present LANTENNA - a new type of an electromagnetic attack allowing adversaries to leak sensitive data from isolated, air-gapped networks. Malicious code in air-gapped computers gathers sensitive data and then encodes it over radio waves emanated from Ethernet cables. A nearby receiving device can intercept the signals wirelessly, decodes the data and sends it to the attacker. We discuss the exiltration techniques, examine the covert channel characteristics, and provide implementation details. Notably, the malicious code can run in an ordinary user mode process, and can successfully operates from within a virtual machine. We evaluate the covert channel in different scenarios and present a set of of countermeasures. Our experiments show that with the LANTENNA attack, data can be exfiltrated from air-gapped computers to a distance of several meters away.


condition with zero added inspiratory resistance (Normox0) and 3 hypoxic (17% O2) conditions with 3 levels of added resistance (Hypox0, Hypox1.5, and Hypox7.5 cm H2O) attached to a two-way non re-breathing face-mask. The exercise protocol consisted of data collection at baseline and after 30 min rest in the hypoxia chamber. Three submaximal stages followed on the cycle ergometer with increasing levels of intensity (50, 100, and 150 W) which were then immediately followed by a VO2max test. After completion of the VO2max test the participants recovered in the hypoxia chamber for an additional 30 min. Lac and Hb data were collected by a finger prick and analyzed. A 2 factor repeated measures ANOVA was used to evaluate condition (Normox0, Hypox0, Hypox1.5 and Hypox7.5) by time (baseline, 30 min of rest in hypoxia chamber, immediately after the VO2max test, and during 30 min recovery period) on Lac and Hb. Paired-samples t-test were performed as the post-hoc test (p < 0.05) level of significance set apriori. RESULTS: A significant interaction was found between condition and time for Lac (p = 0.014) and was attenuated during Hypox7.5 condition at recovery compared to the other conditions (Normox0: 6.3±3 mmol; Hypox0: 6.5±3.2 mmol; Hypox1.5: 6.3±3.4 mmol; Hypox7.5: 4.5±3 mmol). Also, a main effect of time for Hb (p < 0.001) such that there was 6.7% increase in Hb at max compared to base and rest, and 5.6% higher Hb at recovery compared to base and rest. CONCLUSION: Individuals who wear respirator masks with 7.5 cmH20 in a hypoxic condition may clear Lac faster (turnover) which might improve recovery time. Future research may focus on Lac, Hb and other hemodynamic variables and the mechanism underlying lactate clearance in varying hypoxic conditions.


Many people with severely limited muscle control can only communicate through augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) systems with a small number of buttons. In this paper, we present the design for ColorCode, which is an AAC system with two buttons that uses Bayesian inference to determine what the user wishes to communicate. Our information-theoretic analysis of ColorCode simulations shows that it is efficient in extracting information from the user, even in the presence of errors, achieving nearly optimal error correction. ColorCode is provided as open source software.


Abstract To date, Indonesia has not sought to resolve conflict stemming from the minority claims for self‐determination in the territories of West Papua and East Timor, nor has it been able to stem resistance to its rule of force in these territories. Yet in the current context of global change, and despite continued reluctance from Australia to criticise Indonesia, there is mounting international scrutiny and pressure on Indonesia to review its policies. The Cold War concerns which served to protect Indonesia as a non‐aligned country from international criticisms have given way, and challenges to authority by other minority groups may fuel both internal and external pressure on Indonesia in its handling of its minorities.


A change in qualitative (final) product parameters can be caused by: 1. A change in nominal data of working equipment. This situation can occur as a consequence of lacking periodical maintenance or a slow wear and tear of the equipment. 2. A supply of a defective workpiece (subassembly) to the working station causing the making of a defective product and under extreme circumstances a damage of a manufacturing tool or a failed action of the working station, e.g. as a result of impossibility to fix the workpiece at the working station. The incoming defected workpieces create a random flow of damage level, whose value, validated as a number of discards, is often estimated in course of production preparation. The damage level value is estimated under specific manufacturing duration time frames and is usually considered as a permissible damage level. 3. A damage of manufacturing tool. If the workpiece was good, we experience a random damage of a tool making impossible to fulfill its basic functions. The product is removed from the working station and the working tool must be replaced.


An Extensible Message Format for Delivery Status Notifications draft-ietf-notary-mime-delivery-03.txt Status of this Memo This document is an Internet-Draft. Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), its areas, and its working groups. Note that other groups may also distribute working documents as Internet-Drafts. Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference material or to cite them other than as ''work in progress.'' To learn the current status of any Internet-Draft, please check the ''1id-abstracts.txt'' listing contained in the Internet-Drafts Shadow Directories on ftp.is.co.za (Africa), nic.nordu.net (Europe), Abstract This memo defines a MIME content-type that may be used by a message transfer agent (MTA) or mail gateway to report the result of an attempt to deliver a message to one or more recipients. This content-type is meant to be a machine-processable alternative to the full range of electronic mail delivery status notifications currently in use in the Internet.


There are marked differences in the frequency of ovarian neoplasms in the first 3 decades compared with later and some variations within each of the first 3 decades. In these decades there is a much higher percentage of germ cell and sex cord stromal tumors because of the lesser frequency of surface epithelial neoplasms and great rarity of metastatic tumors. The first decade has a unique aspect related to tumor-like lesions, namely, the contribution to the numbers provided by the occurrence of follicle cysts in the neonatal period. Other pertinent comments about the first decade are as follows. Dermoid cysts are rare in the first 2 years but become progressively more common thereafter. Primitive germ cell tumors are seen but are much commoner in the next 2 decades. Surface epithelial tumors are exceptionally rare. Granulosa cell tumors, particularly of the juvenile type are seen occasionally, as, less often, are adult granulosa cell tumors. Sertoli–Leydig cell tumors are seen occasionally. The small cell carcinoma of hypercalcemic type is rare before 10 years. The second decade is noteworthy for the acceleration of the frequency of all the primitive germ cell tumors (Figure 1) as shown by the average age of occurrence of all of them being circa 18 to 19 years. Surface epithelial tumors remain uncommon although more frequent than in the first decade. Virtually the only cell types seen are serous and mucinous. The small cell carcinoma of hypercalcemic type begins to be seen with an accelerated pace and this tumor is only somewhat less common in the second, compared with the third decade. The retiform Sertoli–Leydig cell tumor peaks in the second decade. Metastatic carcinomas, which are virtually unheard of in the first decade, are seen occasionally in the teenage years with well-documented examples of Krukenberg tumor and even metastatic colonic carcinoma (we have seen one of the latter in a 12-year-old) being documented. Lymphoma and leukemia involving the ovary are occasionally seen in the second decade and even before having no great predilection for any of the first 3 decades. Ovarian involvement by the intra-abdominal desmoplastic small round cell tumor is commonest in the teenage years. One significant aspect of the third decade, particularly when compared with the prior 2 decades, is the appreciably greater frequency of surface epithelial tumors, particularly as the decade moves along. For example, serous borderline tumors, which are rare before 20 years, are seen with some frequency in the third decade although their pace of occurrence accelerates even more after the age of 30 years. Of all tumors with any malignant potential in the surface epithelial category, serous borderline tumors, and mucinous borderline tumors account for the majority encountered in the third decade. Mucinous carcinomas are occasionally seen, but less frequently than borderline tumors and serous carcinomas remain exceptionally rare in the third decade. The third decade sees a peak in the frequency of Sertoli– Leydig cell tumors, which occur at an average age of 25 years. Steroid cell tumors are also seen in this decade and even earlier; about 7% of these tumors occur in prepubertal girls. Pure stromal tumors, except the sclerosing stromal tumor remain rare; the latter has an average age of 27 years and is commoner in the third decade than in any other. I shall now consider individually 3 important and morphologically interesting tumors of the young.


Several changes in electrocardiographic examination may arise from training in horses, since changes in heart rate, heart rhythm and conduction system, until changes in ventricular depolarization and repolarization. The knowledge of the electrocardiographic profile specific to each modality allows the physical monitoring, distinguishing physiological responses from pathological conditions. In this context, this study aimed to describe the electrocardiographic profile of polo horses by determining the heart rate and rhythm, P-wave duration, QRS complex duration, P-R, Q-T and S-T intervals duration, T-wave amplitude, and still to establish the QTc and heart score. The results allow concluding that polo horses presented a pattern appropriate to the type of effort they played. The electrocardiographic profile revealed prevalence of sinus rhythm as the physiological one, wandering pacemaker, sinus bradycardia and second degree atrioventricular block. These alterations were considered as physiological ones. As for the morphology, positive bifid P-waves and negative-positive bifid T-waves predominated. The comparison between the sexes detected a significant difference only in QT interval, which was longer for females.


Opto-Phono-Kinesia (OPK) is an audio-visual performance piece in which all media elements are controlled by the body movements of a single performer. The title is a play on a possible synesthetic state involving connections between vision, sound and body motion. Theoretically, for a person who experiences this state, a specific colour could trigger both a sound and a body action. This synesthetic intersection is simulated in OPK by simultaneity of body movement, and audio-visual result. Using the Gesture and Media System 3.0 motion-tracking system, the performer can dynamically manipulate an immersive environment using two small infrared trackers. The project employs a multipart interface design based on a formal model of increasing complexity in visual-sound-body mapping, and is therefore best performed by an expert performer with strong spatial memory and advanced musical ability. OPK utilizes the "body as experience, instrument and interface" [1] for control of a large-scale environment.


In literature, design of model reference adaptive control (MRAC) schemes and adaptive laws has always been developed based on Lyapunov stability theory. Over the past few decades, it has been a common practice to use quadratic Lyapunov functions (QLFs). In contrast to such development and as a continuation to the research effort earlier published by the same authors, this paper involves the use of non-quadratic Lyapunov functions (NQLFs) for higher order systems. These new laws have the same advantage of assuring the stability of the overall system as well as improving the overall system performance whether in the absence or presence of disturbance. This improvement is considered in the fast and better convergence of the system output error signal while going to zero. Finally, this paper presents simulation results supporting the arguments


Progress in contemporary civilization is commonly identified with increasing consumption and the myth of tomorrow in architecture is a part of this belief. The metaphor of "tragedy of the commons" is reflecting accurately the essence of crisis of the civilization of consumption, where unlimited growth is confronted with limited resources. The concept of sustainable development is so far the only myth of tomorrow attempting to find the way out of this crisis. Myth of tomorrow could become a tale about what should happen in opposition to our "today". The patterns of inhabiting our settlements will be more and more shaped by social changes. Tomorrow of architecture, settlement and housing development should rely more on the change of the system of values, needs and reflection on production of social space. The housing of tomorrow should be affordable, accessible and socially inclusive. Słowa kluczowe: mit, opowieść, przyszłość, tragedia wspólnego pastwiska, zrównoważony rozwój, przestrzeń społeczna, mieszkalnictwo dostępne


Up to now,the interference principle of rail traffic stray current has been researched clearly,but a very effective method has not been found to judge the degree of damage by the interference current.Therefore,several methods are compared and a synthetic method—the pipe-to-soil potential sequential fluctuation monitoring and stray current detection by using SCM is brought forward,which provides new evidence to buried gas pipeline stray current detection and evaluation.


For a device for deriving a leakage gas, in particular hydrogen, from a preferably motor space into the free environment, it is proposed for the energy-free derivative of that one of the gas discharge duct serving aperture in a room boundary is associated with a gas-permeable and liquid-tight cover.


Nutrients can influence cellular functions associated with physiological and pathological processes. Major energy sources in our body, such as glucose and amino acids, are decomposed, resynthesized via numerous synthetic pathways, and finally, metabolized into energy molecules (e.g., ATP) and metabolites involved in various molecular events such as gene expression. Our previous study demonstrates that a sugar metabolite, N‐acetyl mannosamine, when used as a supplement in the culture medium, can induce the differentiation of pluripotent stem cells into orexin neurons and activate the epigenetic status at the orexin‐coding gene locus. Thus, our observations suggest that some metabolites can change the fate of a cell by participating in epigenetic alterations at specific loci. However, there is insufficient information about the role of specific nutrients and their metabolites in altering the epigenetic status. In the present study, we aimed to screen for metabolites that function as epigenetic modulators. We supplemented the culture medium with 129 metabolites individually during the induction of neural differentiation from human iPS cells (hiPSCs). We investigated the epigenetic status at 40 loci of the neural peptide‐coding genes by ChIP‐qPCR, using a high‐throughput platform. Trimethylation of lysine 4 of histone H3 (H3K4me3) and histone O‐GlcNAcylation of serine 40 of H2A (H2AS40Gc) were used as active epigenetic markers. Metabolites 4 and 12 considerably altered the levels of H3K4me3 and H2AS40Gc, respectively, at the loci of most genes, except at those of genes encoding pan‐neural markers. Among them, metabolites produced via the kynurenine pathway (one of the tryptophan metabolic pathways) increased H3K4me3 and H2AS40Gc levels at multiple neural peptide‐encoding gene loci such as CART (cocaine‐and amphetamine‐regulated transcript) and OXT (oxytocin). The mRNA expression levels of these genes were also found to have increased following supplementation of the culture medium with metabolites of the kynurenine pathway. In other words, supplementation with these metabolites could effectively induce the differentiation of hiPSCs into CART‐ and OXT‐producing neurons. Collectively, we have identified metabolites that can alter the epigenetic status at specific loci. Our findings provide a better understanding of the use of nutrients or bioactive food components in modifying epigenetic mechanisms.


The nondirectional coevolutionary dynamics often produced by the geographic mosaic of species interactions may be precisely the important processes that allow interactions to persist in the midst of a constantly changing world. This view contrasts with that of Vermeij, who has argued that antagonistic coevolution has been largely replaced by a more diffuse macroevolutionary process that he has called escalation. It is likely that coevolution and escalation are both crucial as ongoing evolutionary processes. Although the geographic mosaic of coevolution may often not scale up to major macroevolutionary patterns, it is the true interface of evolution and ecology. These ongoing coevolutionary processes and patterns are what we need to understand how to develop more effective approaches to the conservation of species diversity, the manipulation of the geographic dynamics of diseases, and increased long‐term effectiveness of biological control programs.


Fiscal and taxation policy tools play an important role in promoting green and low-carbon development. Based on classical tax theory, including the Potter hypothesis and the environmental Kuznets curve, this paper explores the impact of environmental tax regulation on economic growth and carbon emission reduction. We find that resource tax reform could promote green total factor productivity; however, the ad valorem reform of resource tax does not significantly raise the level of low carbon development. This effect varies among different regions as well as different tax cuts and fee reductions. Fiscal revenue decentralization has a reverse adjustment effect on the impact of resource taxes on green total factor productivity. We conclude that it is necessary to deepen the reform of the fiscal and taxation system to achieve the carbon neutrality and emission peak goal.


The objective of this study was to evaluate the requirement of digestible tryptophan for white laying hens in the production stage fed diets of different digestible tryptophan:digestible lysine ratios, as well as animal performance and histological alterations in their reproductive and digestive systems. A total of 280 white laying hens at 29 weeks of age were distributed in a completely randomized design with five treatments and seven replications with eight birds in each. The treatments consisted of a base feed, formulated with corn, soybean meal and corn gluten meal, and supplemented with the synthetic amino acids L-lysine, DL-methionine, L-threonine, L-isoleucine, L-arginine, and L-valine, so as to meet the nutritional requirements for laying hens, except for digestible tryptophan. The basal diet was supplemented with 0.00; 0.017; 0.035; 0.052; and 0.069 g/kg of L-tryptophan in substitution for corn starch with the objective of reaching the levels of 0.151; 0.167; 0.183; 0.199; and 0.215 g/kg of digestible tryptophan in the feed. For the ratio between digestible amino acids and lysine, the recommendation of Brazilian Tables for Poultry and Swine was followed, except for the digestible tryptophan:digestible lysine ratios, which were 19, 21, 23, 25 and 27 for each treatment. The variation in the digestible tryptophan:digestible lysine ratio promoted changes in performance and in the histological characteristics, improving the results. The digestible tryptophan:digestible lysine ratio of 24.5% in the feed of white laying hens in production stage promotes better animal performance and histological results.


Objective: To observe the effects of Bushen Qiangjin Capsule on patients' serum nuclear factor kappa β receptor activation factor ligand(RANKL),bone protection element(OPG) concentration and RANKL / OPG after total knee arthroplasty.Method: The 52 cases of artificial knee replacement(TKA) were randomly divided into treatment group and con-trol group,serum levels of OPG and RANKL were determined preoperative and 2 weeks,3 months,6 months after operation,RANKL/OPG value before and 2 weeks,3 months and 6 months after operation were calculated,and total values and all data were statistically analyzed.Results: The concentration of RANKL in the treatment group was higher than those in the control group at 3 months and 6 months after treatment(P0.05); the concentration of OPG was lower than that of the control group at 3 months after treatment(P0.05); there was no significant statistical difference between two groups at the 6 months after treatment(P 0.05); there was no significant statistical difference between the RANKL/OPG value of two groups at the two weeks after the treatment(P0.05); there was significant statistical difference between the RANKL/OPG value of two groups at3 months and 6 months(P 0.05).Conclusions: Bushen Qiangjin Capsule can reduce the concentration of RANKL and the RANKL/OPG value after total knee arthroplasty.


1. In this paper we study rigidity properties of holomorphic mappings. Let X and Y be complex normed spaces. Let Zλ be a balanced domain in X and D2 be a bounded convex balanced domain in Y. We consider holomorphic mappings / from Dx into D2. We prove two theorems. One of them is a generalization of the Schwarz lemma, which gives an upper bound for μD2(f(x))> χ(=Dx. Here μDi denotes the Minkowski functional of D2. We also discuss the extremal mappings related to the Schwarz lemma. We deduce as a corollary the following fact: if f: X-+Y is a holomorphic mapping which satisfies | |/O)| | = | |# | | for all x^X, then / is linear. Another theorem gives a lower bound for μD2(f(x)), x^Di. Finally we are concerned with the limits of sequences of automorphisms of bounded domains. It is known that if D is a bounded domain in C and if a mapping / : D-+D is a pointwise limit of a sequence of automorphisms of D, then / is also an automorphism of D. However, in the case that D is a bounded domain in a complex normed space X the limit / : D-+D need not be an automorphism of D. We give a simple counterexample. Using the above two theorems we show that the limit / is one-to-one.


ABSTRACT "Participation" has become an accepted doctrine in contemporary rural community development practice, despite persistent ambiguities. However, who are the people who participate? The various variables of participation referred to in the existing literature, are systematically examined in a case study of community project in Guatemala. The results illustrate that the rural population is heterogeneous, and demonstrate that participation is significantly associated with socio-economic characteristics. Participatory projects respond mainly to the needs of the middle class in rural communities. Participation and non-participation within this "middle" socio-economic strata are best explained by cultural values, individual characteristics, and community factionalism.


SEHI and RAMSES-NG are airborne SAR systems developed by the French Aerospace Lab. ONERA, and integrating various sensors. The microwave ones cover from VHF-UHF to X Band, full polarimetric and very high resolution, along track and cross track interferometry and very high precision multi-baseline capacity for interferometry and tomography applications. The optronic sensors offer very high spatial resolution visible images and fine spectral scene analysis in VNIR and SWIR bands. This paper presents the flexible capacity of these platforms and last campaign results with various sensor configurations.


2-morpholin-4-yl -9H- purine and 5-morpholin-4-yl-3H-[1, 2, 3] triazolo [4,5-d] pyrimidine derivatives, in particular, substituted with 6-heteroaryl what is unexpected PI3 kinase isoform selective inhibitors have a good drug properties, cancer, immune disorders, cardiovascular disease, viral infection, inflammation, metabolism / endocrine disorders and abnormal PI3K such as neuropathy useful in treating diseases associated with the activity. .BACKGROUND


In this study we have analyzed the diversity of the endophytic bacterial community associated with Sphagnum mosses from Nort-West Region and Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous District of Russia during the years 2009 -2012. We isolated a more then 400 strains which were identified by means of phenotypic tests and by 16S rRNA sequences. The ribosomal data showed that the isolates belonged to genera Pseudomonas (20 -57%), Colimonas (7 -10%), Flavobacterium (6 -8%), Burkholderia (5 -6%), Serratia (3%). The data reported in this work are consistent with the results of research performed by the Berg group with samples of mosses of the Austrian Alps. It was found that Sphagnum mosses are a promising source for the isolation of beneficial microorganisms.