Introduction:
 Coronary disease is the most common cause of heart failure (HF). HF is classified as ischemic (IHF) or non-ischemic (NIHF) based on this etiology. IHF and NIHF have distinct mechanisms not accounted for by ejection fraction (EF) and an improved understanding of the differences could drive the discovery of novel therapeutic targets. We therefore sought to identify proteomic signatures between IHF and NIHF.

 Methods:
 Proteomic profiling using the SomaScan®1.7K was performed using plasma samples from HF patients in a community cohort (Rochester Epidemiology Project, 2003-2012). IHF was defined by prior myocardial infarction, percutaneous coronary intervention or coronary artery bypass graft, or obstructive disease in at least 1 vessel on coronary angiography. We compared the protein expression levels between IHF and NIHF using t-test and applied the Benjamini-Hochberg false-discovery rate (FDR) procedure for multiple comparisons. We explored pathway analysis for functional annotations using the biological process component of the Gene Ontology Resource (Panther 17v).

 Results:
 Among 1,388 patients, there were 518 IHF patients (age: 75±12years, 39.4% female, NYHA Class III/IV: 72.5%, EF:45±15%), and 870 NIHF patients (age: 75±14years, 53.6% female, NYHA Class III/IV: 66.9%, EF:49±17%). Among 7335 plasma proteins quantified, 63 unique proteins (FDR < 0.05) were differentially expressed between IHF and NIHF. Thirty-seven proteins including Troponin-I and T, and Myoglobin showed increased expression in IHF compared to NIHF and 26 including IGFBP-3 showed decreased expression. Pathophysiologic pathways including angiogenesis, coagulation, and lipid metabolism were represented in IHF, while inflammation and remodeling signaling pathways were dominant in relation to NIHF.

 Conclusions:
 High-throughput proteomic techniques are able to delineate IHF versus NIHF patients based on distinct biomarkers and pathophysiologic processes.


This work proposes a current-sensor less tracker that eliminates the use of the current sensor, by using only the voltage sensors. Getting rid of the current sensor has many merits such as saving cost, decreasing complexity, and increasing the efficiency and the power density of the tracker. Digital control is a flexible and attractive hardware design option, becoming lower cost, and getting faster. These competitive tools have made the application of many sophisticated control algorithms possible in this field. Boost converter with average current mode control is considered to validate the current sensorless (observer based) Perturb and Observe (P&O) maximum power point tacking (MPPT) algorithm. The above proposed algorithm is implemented through microcontroller (Arduino) in digital flat form.


Johne's disease can be an economically devastating disease on dairy farms. Current risk assessment (RA)-based control programs use best management practices to prevent the transmission of the causative pathogen, Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis (MAP), between animals. Most effort is focused on the fecal-oral route of transmission between infectious dams and calves. Because MAP has been isolated from water troughs, the objective of this pilot study was to determine whether MAP can be detected in the saliva (a previously overlooked route of transmission) of infected cattle.


Trials have shown that white French millet can be used extensively in all-mash chicken starter rations as a meal or as a whole grain. An average of 19.5 per cent. protein should be used for It when formulating mashes based on caliculated values.


Monte Carlo simulations for model polymer chains composed of hard spheres with square-well attractions were performed to find a precise relation between the parameters of a crossover theory and the parameters of the square-well chain. For sufficiently large bond lengths, there was a direct relation between the effective parameters of the crossover theory and the second- and third-virial coefficients of the square-well atoms. For the systems under study, the theta temperature is close to the Boyle temperature of the disconnected monomers, is mainly dependent on the details of the monomer–monomer interactions, and is only weakly dependent on the bond length of the chain. Above the theta temperature, the crossover theory is in good agreement with the simulation data. Near the theta point, the main effect of tricritical corrections is a shift in the critical amplitudes. Other effects are extremely small. The simulation data are consistent with the tricritical crossover theory. However, more precise data are n...


... .Finally, Mr. -is the most eminent of the Musikanten in --. He is an extraordinary artist on the clavier and on the organ, and he has until now encountered only one person with whom he can dispute the palm of superiority. I have heard this great man play on various occasions. One is amazed at his ability, and one can hardly conceive how it is possible for him to achieve such agility, with his fingers and with his feet, in the crossings, extensions, and extreme jumps that he manages, without mixing in a single wrong tone, or displacing his body by any violent movement. This great man would be the admiration of whole nations if he had more amenity, if he did not take away the natural element in his pieces by giving them a turgid and confused style, and if he did not darken their beauty by an excess of art.1


Although social media are increasingly used by employees during work, little is known about what employees are actually doing on social media or why. To remedy this key gap in the literature, a series of three studies were conducted. In Study 1, a qualitative critical incident study was conducted to develop a taxonomy of social media behaviors that are beneficial to work performance, along with a taxonomy of behaviors that are harmful. In Study 2, the Work-related Social Media Questionnaire (WSMQ) was developed to measure these behaviors. In Study 3, cross-validation and criterion-related validity evidence was collected on the WSMQ. Behaviors identified by employees as harmful to job performance were positively related to counterproductive work behaviors and negatively related to task, contextual, and adaptive job performance. Behaviors identified by employees as beneficial to job performance were generally unrelated to actual job performance. Thus, behaviors identified as harmful by employees were indeed harmful, but behaviors identified as beneficial were not beneficial. This suggests limited value in permitting access to social media by employees without a particular plan in place to utilize the features of social media productively.


A all floating structures operating within a limited area require, stationkeeping to maintain the motions of the floating structure within permissible limits. In this study, methods for selecting and optimizing the mooring system Caisson for floating wind turbines in shallow water are investigated. The design of the mooring system is checked against the governing rules and standards. Adequately verifying the design of floating structures requires both numerical simulations and model testing, the combination of which is referred to as the hybrid method of design verification. The challenge in directly scaling moorings for model tests is the depth and spatial limitations of wave basins. It is therefore important to design and build equivalent mooring systems to ensure accurate static properties (global restoring forces and global stiffness).


Teachers require interventions for students with intellectual disability (ID) that are simple, efficient, and can be implemented in the classroom versus interventions requiring isolation. The purpose of this review was to update the prior review by Joseph & Seery (2004) and to serve as a resource for parents, practitioners and researchers interested in the reading education of students with ID. Studies that focused on implementation of phonics based reading interventions to students with ID occurring over the subsequent 12-year period since the last review by Joseph & Seery (2004) were examined to determine which types of settings are typically used, what type of interventions are being implemented, outcomes for each intervention, Results indicate students with ID continue to respond to phonics based reading interventions and indicate an increase in published studies involving phonics based reading interventions for students with ID. Implications for future research and practice are also discussed.


ABSTRACT This paper examines the evolving state-building conversations in Ethiopia and the role of political settlement thereof in charting a pathway for durable peace and strong state. The paper argues that costly mistakes in state and nation building, the radicalisation of the Ethiopian Student Movement coupled with Marxism–Leninism and ethno-nationalism polarised and fragmented the state-building conversations of the country leading to civil war in the 1970s and 80s. This led to an exclusionary victor settlement in 1991 when the TPLF/EPRDF militarily defeated other political groupings and the Derg. Consequently, the post-settlement in the Ethiopian state has been exclusively forged by the winning coalition sidelining competing narratives about the Ethiopia state including its history and the place of various groups therein. This historically veracious, violent, and exclusionary state and peacebuilding conversation undermined the post-1991 political settlement and the transition towards a durable peace and state. The outbreak of war in Ethiopia in November 2020 (which is not the core focus of this paper) is deeply connected to this violent and exclusionary conversation on the nature and future direction of the Ethiopian state.


Rice consumption in Benin is increasing along with shifting consumer demand toward higher quality rice. In this context of changing demands, experimental estimation methods provide an effective way to estimate the current state of consumer preferences. We conducted a hypothetical choice experiment in 15 open markets in Benin to analyze the demand for rice and its substitutes. The results reveal that consumers value quality rice, even those in the low-income class. While high income consumers are more likely to choose high quality imported rice, lowand middle-income consumers are more likely to select high quality domestic rice among the set of rice available. In the high-income group, the demand for high quality imported and domestic rice is price inelastic. High quality domestic rice is almost as likely as high quality imported rice to be selected by urban consumers. In the rural area, consumers are highly responsive to rice price change. Whereas, the demand for rice in the urban area is price inelastic. Consumers are not responsive to corn price changes across the three income groups, although corn is the most likely commodity to be chosen by lowand middle-income consumers. The results suggest that any increase in rice prices could have an untoward effect on rice consumption in urban area.


In this paper, we propose a collaborative decision support platform that supports the product manager in defining the contents of a product release. The platform allows interactive and collaborative decision making by facilitating the exchange of information about product features among individual autonomous stakeholders, providing reputation-enhanced collaboration, ensuring a positive collaboration atmosphere by avoiding public stakeholder ratings and reconciling individual goals with group decisions.


The invention provides a preparation method of polystyrene with a thermo-sensitive surface. The method comprises the following steps of: adopting benzophenone as a photosencitizer on the surface of polystyrene, initiating N-isopropyl acrylamide monomer or N-isopropyl acrylamide monomer and styrene monomer to occur graft copolymerization reaction by ultraviolet light and preparing the polystyrene with a thermo-sensitive surface layer. The preparation method can initiate homopolymerization of N-isopropyl acrylamide or copolymerization of styrene under the ultraviolet irradiation of 300 to 395nm at room temperature, and forms a layer of thermo-sensitive film with water-washing resistance and good transparency on the surface of the polystyrene. The method is simple, convenient and fast, is easy to operate, has low cost and can maintain good surface transparency of a culture dish of the polystyrene.


A chlamydia treatment program remained successful in contacting and treating chlamydia-positive patients discharged from women's emergency services despite challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic. Background Chlamydia is the most frequently reported sexually transmitted infection. COVID-19 exacerbated the challenges in treating and preventing new Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) infections. This study examined the impact of COVID-19 on treating CT-positive patients discharged from a safety-net women's emergency unit. Methods This was a preretrospective and postretrospective cohort study. Chlamydia trachomatis–positive female patients seen in the women's emergency unit were evaluated. Patients discharged in 2019, the "pre–COVID-19" group, and those discharged in 2020, the "COVID-19" group, were compared. The primary outcome was CT treatment within 30 days, and secondary outcomes included prescription dispensation, repeat tests taken, and expedited partner treatment. A subgroup of patients discharged before treatment who entered a nurse-led follow-up program was also evaluated. Results Of the 1357 cases included, there were no differences in successful 30-day treatment (709 of 789 [89.9%] vs. 568 of 511 [89.9%], P = 0.969) or repeat positive CT test (74 of 333 [22.2%] vs. 46 of 211 [21.8%]), P = 0.36) between pre–COVID-19 and COVID-19. However, the patients who picked up their prescription (196 of 249 [78.7%] vs. 180 of 206 [87.4%], P = 0.021) and those who were prescribed expedited partner therapy (156 of 674 [23.1%] vs. 292 of 460 [63.5%], P < 0.001) increased. Findings in the subgroup of patients who entered the follow-up program were consistent with those in the full cohort. Conclusions The COVID-19 pandemic did not change treatment patterns of CT-positive patients in this safety-net women's emergency unit. However, patients were more likely to pick up their medications during COVID-19. Despite the perseverance of these programs through the pandemic, most patients are discharged before positive results, and a fair amount remain untreated.


We present a methodology to enable the complete software development life cycle on Cray XC systems within a container that can hold any version of the Cray Programming Environment (CPE). The installation of the CPE inside a container facilitates many aspects of the typical HPC support and operation workloads of managing Cray XC systems such as testing new CPEs, comparing CPE performances, or keeping software built with an old CPE running on updated systems. The procedure for creating a container with a CPE inside consists of three steps: the creation of a container holding the targeted CPE, the compilation of the desired software within such containers, and the packaging of the resulting binaries, libraries, and dependencies within a second lightweight container. We showcase the methodology by fulfilling a user requirement of running a two‐year‐old version of the COSMO model built with an old CPE 16.11 on today's system.


Abstract : These proceedings include papers and presentations that deal with a wide range of research in psychology with emphasis on military issues. Symposium, Training, Leadership, Counseling, Cognitive Performance, Family Issues, Total Quality Management, Desert Storm, Human Factors, Gender Issues.


The present article is dedicated to the problem of interconnection and mutual influence of literatures, which are reviewed here as an important factor in the cultural development of peoples. In particular, it traces the acquaintance of Europeans with the rich literature in Arabic through translations and familiarization with its historical and artistic experience, images and motifs.


This study deals with theories of community, justice, and freedom within liberalism, communitarianism, African philosophy and theology. The study maintains that there are different latitudes on how to formulate and articulate theories of community, justice and freedom informed by particualr moral experiences with bearing on different views of human. People differ and their claims on moral matters are influenced by contexts in which they find themselves, which means that cultural diversity has bearing on different interpretations of what it means to be a human being. Given the importance of this diversity, of particular significance in this study is the relationship between various theories of justice and freedom and different understandings of the relationship between the individual and the community. The study endorses that any contemporary discourse on community, justice, and freedom to be adequate should take notice on the political, economic, and cultural aspirations of the people it seeks to address itself. It argues that there might be alternative theories of community, justice, and freedom which may give a fuller appreciation to the fact that there are different understandings of what community implies as well as what justice and freedom means. One such alternative is the African view of human, that of "ubuntu", which maintains that "to be" is "to belong". In this view a person is because of others, and by inference one's humanity, including one's sense of personhood, is affirmed by affirming the humanity and personhood of others. The first aim of the study is to examine how we should understand different theories of justice and freedom within Western political philosophy, and African political theory and theology. The second aim is to analyse how different theories of justice and freedom are related to different conceptions of the relationship between the individual and the community. The third and final aim is to propose an adequate theory of community, justice, and freedom from an African perspective.


Research on and use of biodiesels for engines is growing continuously in the present era. Compression ignition (CI) engine performance for biodiesels of blends B20 from Acid oil, Mahua oil, and Castor oil is experimentally investigated. The engine performance analysis in the form of brake‐specific fuel consumption, brake‐specific energy consumption, brake thermal efficiency (BTE), exhaust gas temperature (EGT), and air fuel ratio are compared with diesel as base fuel. Emission characteristics like CO, CO2, NOx, and opacity are comparatively studied in detail for the considered biodiesels. The entire study is compared with the performance of engine when pure diesel is chosen as fuel. From the complete analysis it was observed that the BTE was higher for Acid oil and Mahua oil among the biodiesels used. And regarding CO emissions, Mahua oil showed lower effect than other biodiesels. Upto 6% increase in EGT of Mahua oil was obtained at no load and for other loads the percent reduced. For all the biodiesels the % enhancement in Co, CO2, and NOx was more than 60% at highest load compared with diesel.


We have developed a new injectable bone substitute combining specific granules of BCP with or without radiopaque elements with a reversible thermo sensitive resorbable carrier such as Pluronic F-127. The composite is liquid at ambient temperature and set as hydrogel at 37°C. Rabbit experiment demonstrates high biocompatibility and bone ingrowth at the expense of the injectable bioceramic composite.


Surveys Spanish literature from 1100 to the present, aiming to reveal the subtle nuances of the Christian ingredient in the literature of various epochs of Spanish history. This text seeks to show how the literature reflects powerful, conflicting forces of secularization and supernaturalization.


Abstract In this paper, a new methodology which is referred as joint time-frequency domain reflectometry (JTFDR) is proposed to detect and to locate faults of control and instrumental cables in nuclear power plants. Since this method considers information both in time and frequency domain at the same time, we use a linearly increasing Gaussian envelope chirp reference signal as an incident signal which has a adjustable time duration and frequency bandwidth together. After calculating the time-frequency cross-correlation function with two distribution signals, we can determine the fault distance using time delay between the peak of the incident and reflected signals in the cross-correlation. The usefulness of the proposed method in nuclear power plants is verified by the experiments. Experimental results show that JTFDR can be the reliable method for diagnosis of control and instrumentation cables in the nuclear power plants.


The dynamics of an unexploited bobwhite (Colinus virginianus) population were investigated over a 9-year period in southern Illinois. Deteriorating habitat caused an 85% population decline from 136 to 21 birds per 100 hectares. Accompanying changes in demographic parameters are described.


A neutron decays into a proton, an electron, and an anti-neutrino through the beta-decay process. The decay lifetime (∼880 s) is an important parameter in the weak interaction. For example, the neutron lifetime is a parameter used to determine the || parameter of the CKM quark mixing matrix. The lifetime is also one of the input parameters for the Big Bang Nucleosynthesis, which predicts light element synthesis in the early universe. However, experimental measurements of the neutron lifetime today are significantly different (8.4 s or 4.0 \(\sigma \)) depending on the methods. One is a bottle method measuring surviving neutron in the neutron storage bottle. The other is a beam method measuring neutron beam flux and neutron decay rate in the detector. There is a discussion that the discrepancy comes from unconsidered systematic error or undetectable decay mode, such as dark decay. A new type of beam experiment is performed at the BL05 MLF J-PARC. This experiment measured neutron flux and decay rate simultaneously with a time projection chamber using a pulsed neutron beam. We will present the world situation of neutron lifetime and the latest results at J-PARC.


.........................................................................................ix CHAPTER 1 – BLACK-TAILED PRAIRIE DOG SPATIAL DYNAMICS IN CONATA BASIN, SOUTH DAKOTA AND UL BEND, MONTANA 1. Abstract....................................................................................1 2. Introduction...............................................................................2 3. Study sites.................................................................................3 4. Methods....................................................................................4 5. Results.....................................................................................8 6. Discussion.................................................................................9 7. Literature Cited.........................................................................12 CHAPTER 2 – RESOURCE SELECTION AND SPACE USE BY BLACK-FOOTED FERRETS IN SOUTH DAKOTA AND MONTANA 1. Abstract.................................................................................24 2. Introduction.............................................................................25 3. Study Sites..............................................................................26 4. Methods.................................................................................27 Field observations................................................................27 Utilization distribution............................................................28 Space use and overlap analyses.................................................29 Developing a resource utilization function....................................30


Objective To investigate the effect of eico sapentaenoic acid (EPA) on three hepatoma cell lines and the mechanisms. Methods HepG2 (expressing wild type p53 gene), Huh7 (expressing mutated p53) and Hep3B (deficient of p53) were cultured in medium supplemented with EPA, and the effect of EPA on these three hepatoma cell lines was evaluated through cell count and viability, analysis of DNA fragm entation, flow cytometric DNA analysis, and TUNEL. R esults There was a time- and dose-dependent decrease in cell count and viability of HepG2 cells cultured with supplement of EPA mainly by in duction of apoptosis of HepG2 cells, whereas EPA had no effects on the other two cell lines. Conclusion EPA may ha ve the inhibitory effect on HepG2 cell line through the induction of apoptosis a nd p53 might be involved with the process of EPA-induced apoptosis.


This research studies mutual fund performance in three selected Asian countries — China, Singapore and Thailand — for twelve years during 2000 to 2011 to determine whether any equity mutual funds significantly outperformed, or beat the market. The study begins with direct and simple single-dimensional comparisons of total returns, and then moves to multi-dimensional comparisons of return-to-risk ratios in second-moment frameworks, lower-partial-moment frameworks, higher-moments frameworks, CAPM, and Fama-French-Carhart four-factor model, to see whether there are any differences in the results of the different measures in the various moment frameworks. The result shows that the chance for equity mutual fund to beat the market is very slim but the chance that equity mutual funds perform poorer than their index performance is much higher. Even the difference of performance of the majority of equity mutual funds and their index's are not significant, the chance to be beaten by the market is higher than the chance to beat the market, particularly in Singapore and Thailand, no matter what performance measures to be used.


The invention relates to alloys, or superalloys, nickel-based (Ni) essentially comprising the following elements in the contents given in percentages by weight: Cr: 11.5 to 13.5%; Co: 11.5 to 16.0%; Mo: 3.4 to 5.0%; W: 3.0 to 5.0%; Al: 2.2 to 3.2%; Ti: 3.5 to 5.0%; Nb: 0.5 to 2.0%; Hf: 0.25 to 0.35%; Zr: 0 to 0.07%; C 0.015 0.030%; B: 0.01 to 0.02%; and Ni: remainder to 100% .The use for making turbine disks and turbine engine compressor according metallurgical methods powders.


In this paper we propose a meshless technique using radial basis functions together with method of lines for the numerical solution of the Burgers' equation, KdV-Burgers' equation and modified KdV- Burgers' equation. Accuracy of the method is assessed in terms of L∞ error norm, number of nodal points and time step size. Efficiency and ease of implementation of the proposed method is shown through comparison with Chebyshev spectral collocation method and B-spline finite element method.


The problem of tubal sterilization by laparoscopy under vision is reviewed and the experience with 120 operations reported. The best results are obtained by wide coagulation of the mid-portion with the electric knife. The procedure is much less risky for the patient requiring only one-day hospitalization. Tubal sterilization by laparoscopy may be done on the third or fourth day postpartum. Since the isthmic portion and the fimbriated end of the tube are left intact reanastomosis is possible in most cases if required and this was done in one case. In spite of the simplicity of the procedure it is recommended that the operation be done only on in-patients with a set-up for immediate laparotomy in case of complication. The rate of sudden complications is low if the surgeon is familiar with the technique and takes appropriate precautions.((AUTHORS SUMMARY MODIFIED))


Aim: Clinical and CBCT evaluation of the impact of MTA used by two different techniques (revascularization and apexification) in immature non-vital permanent incisors on root length, bone density around root apex and PDL space volume . Material and methods: Immature permanent incisors with irreversible pulpitis or necrotic pulp were selected and randomly divided into 2 groups; revascularization group (Group I) and apexification group (group II). After complete rubber dam isolation, access opening was done for the selected incisor. 2.5% NaOCl then sterile saline and water were used for irrigation of pulp chamber with the same sequence. Triple antibiotic paste (TAP) was administered for root canal sterilization. In group I (revascularization) bleeding enhancement was done, and MTA material was performed over the formed blood clot while in group II (apexification) the whole root canal space was filled with MTA. Finally, pulp chamber was filled with GIC filling in both groups. Conclusions: Revascularization and MTA apexification techniques resemble in all clinical criteria while different in bone density and PL space.


Magnesium plays an important role in the prevention of central sensitization and in the attenuation of established pain hypersensitivity, and its main mode of action appears to involve its voltage-gated antagonist action at N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors. Given the putative function of the NMDA receptor in pain transduction, magnesium has been investigated in various clinical conditions associated with acute or chronic pain. The parenteral administration of magnesium, via an intravenous, intrathecal, or epidural route, may reduce pain, and anaesthetic and analgesic requirements during the intra- and post-operative periods. The beneficial effects of magnesium treatment have also been demonstrated in patients suffering from neuropathic pain, such as in those with malignancy-related neurologic symptoms, postherpetic neuralgia, diabetic neuropathy, and chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy. In addition, magnesium therapy has been shown to be effective in alleviating dysmenorrhea, headaches, and acute migraine attacks. Magnesium is playing an evolving role in pain management, but a more thorough understanding of the mechanisms underlying its antinociceptive action and additional clinical studies are required to clarify its role as an analgesic adjuvant.


* From the Division of Oncology, The Chicago Medical School, Chicago, Illinois. Read at the 12th Microcirculatory Conference, Hot Springs, Virginia, June 1964. This work was supported by United States Public Health Service Grants Ca-5070 and Ca-7278. t Permanent address: Department of Cancer Research, University of Otago, New Zealand. ‡ Permanent address: School of Pathology, Oxford University, U.K. The cheek pouch of the Syrian hamster is a protected site for transplantation in the immunological sense, and also is anatomically convenient for in vivo microscopy. The thin epithelium of the pouch transmits light with little distortion. These advantages have been exploited in designing a transparent tissuechamber for chronic implantation, which permits high power microscopy in vivo of the microcirculation in grafts at this site.1-3 Essentially, the chamber encloses the pouch epithelial membrane between two thin transparent plates, and is of the &dquo;preformed-tissue-chamber&dquo; type. Grafts may be made onto the pouch membrane at the time the chamber is implanted. There are two parts to the chamber. The outer one is composed of a grooved rim serving to retain the edges of the skin wound, to carry the pins necessary for aligning the chamber on the microscope, and it also supports the thin sheet of Mylar plastic used as the outer observation window. The inner part of the chamber is a simple plate which is passed through the mouth into the pouch lumen and serves to keep the pouch membrane unwrinkled and in apposition to the observation window of the outer part. Two small rivets penetrate the membrane and hold the two parts together. For microscopy the hamster lies on a specially modified stage which holds the chamber perpendicular to the optical axis of the microscope. Transillumination of the membrane and grafts within the chamber is achieved by passing a special light train terminating in a right angled prism through the animal's mouth and into the lumen of the pouch. The light train consists of mirrors and simple convex lenses focussing light from a xenon arc lamp onto the &dquo;ocular&dquo; of a specially made reversed microscope; light emerges from the &dquo;objective&dquo; lens into the Plexiglas prism and is deflected vertically through the preparation and into the observation microscope. The chamber has proven suitable for medium to high resolution photomicrography of small blood vessels and pigmented melanoma cells, and it is expected that the system will also be useful for cinephotography. The first application of the chamber was to study the microvascular morphology in grafts of our transplantable hamster neoplaSMS3 and a brief account


The study on length-weight relationship and condition factor of Chrysichythys nigrodigitatus and Schilbe mystus from Erelu Lake, Oyo was conducted monthly for Twenty-one months (July, 2013-March, 2015). A total of One thousand one hundred and seventy-nine (1179) fish samples composed of Six hundred and twenty-eight (628) C. nigrodigitatus and Five hundred and fifty-one (551) S. mystus were collected using gill nets. The specimens were preserved in ice-packed box and taken to laboratory for length - weight measurement. The length-weight relationship was estimated using the linear regression model W=aLb and condition factor, (k) determined using the equation K= 100.W/L3. The result revealed preponderance of females (301 and 382) over males (250 and 246) for S. mystus and C. nigrodigitatus respectively in the population. Negative allometric growth was recorded for both species and sexes. The values of (b) ranged from 1.76 to 2.56 for C. nigrodigitatus and 2.20 to 2.95 for S. mystus. Also, the condition factor were varied between 0.199 and 2.053 for C. nigrodigitatus and 0.172 -2.417 for S. mystus but female C. nigrodigitatus and S. mystus have higher k value than their male counterpart indicating better state of well-being when compared to the males. A further investigation on the bionomics of fishes in this lake is advocated to substantiate the results of this study.


The presented study examines the formation and evolution of the theories of entrepreneurship in the context of the global economic thought; analyzes the crisis of these theories following the development of a great variety of economic practices and government regulation tools; explores relevant directions for the transformation of the theories of entrepreneurship in the context of global socioeconomic instability and implementation of the import substitution policy in the national economic complex. Aim. The study aims to substantiate the major directions for the development of the theories of entrepreneurship in the context of the emerging new external threats and internal risks through the systematization of the fundamental provisions of the classical economic theory and new theoretical and methodological aspects that ensure the implementation of a systems approach to the operation of enterprises and managerial decision-making. Tasks. The authors examine the evolution of the theories of entrepreneurship formulated in the works of R. Cantillon, J. Thunen, F. Knight, J. S. Mill, A. Marshall, J. B. Say, J. Schumpeter, L. Mises, and I. Kirzner; demonstrate the importance of transformation of the theories of entrepreneurship for the systematic theoretical explanation of production and sales issues, prediction of the efficiency of the socioeconomic policy, and development of a decision-making benchmark for managers; substantiate directions for the development of the theories of entrepreneurship in the context of the modern socio-economic realities characterized by the emergence of new strategic risks, development of the innovative and digital economy, enhancement of integration processes, and the growing global socioeconomic instability. Methods. This study uses general scientific methods of cognition, such as analysis, synthesis, and generalization, as well as empirical research methods (description, comparison). The abstract-logical and monographic methods make it possible to trace the transformation of the theories of entrepreneurship and to substantiate the major directions for their development under current conditions. Results. Directions for the development of the modern theories of entrepreneurship are examined: descriptive theories, which explain the actual economic practice from a theoretical standpoint, and normative theories, which characterize the ways for an enterprise to achieve a more favorable position in the market. The main principles of using the systems paradigm for the descriptive theories of entrepreneurship are identified. It is shown that the typifcation of the theories of entrepreneurship is based on the consideration of enterprise operation and interaction with the dynamic external environment. The major modes of interaction between an enterprise and the external environment are analyzed: holism — particularism, homeostasis — heterostasis, reactivity — proactivity, constitutionalism — environmentalism, rationality — irrationality. Conclusions. The structure of examination of the theories of entrepreneurship within the framework of content analysis is substantiated based on the exploration of the nature of entrepreneurial activity. The relevance of the systems approach in the theoretical examination of the functioning of the triad "enterprise — theory of the firm — managerial decision-making" for solving the problems of the modern Russian economic practice is shown. The feasibility of developing a single complex theory of the firm is substantiated using J. Kornai's theory, which combines the modern integration trends in the economic theory with the principles of the systems approach.


Femtocell network is an efficient technique to improve the coverage performance indoor and promote the capacity of wireless communications. However, the uncertainty of channel gain caused by the dynamic communication environment deteriorates the quality of service of users. The power control problem of two-tier Femtocell networks is studied based on bit error rate constraint in fast fading channel environment. Considering the requirements in aspect of outage probability of signal transmission and the quality of service index-bit error rate, the optimization problem under the probability constraint is constructed to maximize the net income of the two-tier Femtocell networks, which makes the communication performance of the network system optimal. By processing the probability constraint, it is transformed into a deterministic expression form, and the distributed robust optimization algorithm is proposed to solve the equivalent deterministic optimization problem, so as to obtain the optimal solution of the optimization problem. Finally, the convergence and effectiveness of the proposed distributed optimization algorithm are verified by simulations.


Abstract : An investigation was conducted to determine whether tornadoes presented a unique signature in analyses of digital radar data from central Oklahoma during the Spring. The data were collected by the 10-cm-WSR-57 radar at the National Severe Storms Laboratory at Norman, Oklahoma. Three types of numerical analyses were used in this study: constant-altitude reflectivity maps (CAZM), total vertically-summed reflectivity maps (TVSZ), and partial vertically-summed reflectivity maps (PVSZ), with greatest emphasis placed on the PVSZ maps. Presentations covering a 100-km square were constructed at either 5 to 10 min intervals. From the analysis of three case studies during during 1974 and 1975, that contained five tornadoes, it was concluded that tornadoes did not produce a singular identifying signature in analyses of digital radar data, but rather produced a combination of features which indicated, with a high probability, the presnce of a tornado. Such features were the appearance of a small area of reduced reflectivity known as a Bounded Weak-Echo Region (BWER), a tilt of the core of the storm toward the BWER, and a rapid decrease in the upper-level mass of the storm as indicated by a rapid decrease in the reflectivity of the upper PVSZ.


Objective To investigate the relationship of the expression of matrix metalloproteinases-2(MMP-2) and matrix metalloproteinases-9(MMP-9) to gastric carcinoma invasion and metastasis.Methods Immunohistochemical staining was used to determine the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in 44 cases of gastric carcinoma.Results The levels of MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression in patients with serosal invasion or lymph node metastasis were significantly higher than those in patients without serosal invasion or lymph node metastasis(P0.01).Conclusion The expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 is positively correlated with gastric carcinoma invasion and metastasis,indicating that the up-regulation of MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression involves biological character of gastric carcinoma.Therefore,MMP-2 and MMP-9 may be the indicators to evaluate the biological characters of gastric carcinoma.


inclusion of one in the other or by their complete exclusion. Since there is a case of overlap, there are cases of memory that are not (immediate) experience, and there are cases of experience that are not memories, Sri Harsa seems to have proved that the Naiyayikas must disallow either memory or experience as a universal. It is on account of difficulties of this sort that some later Naiyayikas gave up this requirement on universals, and this requirement is not a feature of Western theories of universals at all. As a result this section is one that is not liable to be convincing to the reader. The introduction to the K begins with Sri Harsa's arguing that a person who does not admit the existence of means of knowledge may nonetheless engage in debate. This is in opposition to the Naiyayikas who required agreement on means of knowledge and canons of debate before discussion could begin. Sri Harsa points out quite rightly that debate concerning the existence of means of knowledge exists, that both disputants need not believe in the existence of such means in order for the debate to proceed, and that it is proper for one member of the debate to point out inconsistencies in the other's views without advancing a counterview (as in the form of debate translated as "wrangling"). Here Sri Harsa meets the objection sometimes put to radical skeptics that they must hold some view or other in order to argue at all. A second topic taken up in the introduction is Sri Harsa's claim that nonexistent objects may be causes. One suspects that the dispute centers on an equivocation on the meaning of "existence." Also contained in this section are criticisms of the view that knowledge is not self validating, which do not seem to be conclusive. The third major topic of the introduction is a criticism of pluralistic ontologies. Included is Sri Harsa's claim that any attempt to refute Monism involves contradiction. One argument employed by him may serve to give the flavor of the section. The opponent has asked, "What is the proof that it is without a second?"—what is the proof of Monism?—and Sri Harsa's reply is that the asking of a question implies a knowledge of that which is asked. Therefore, the questioner implies a knowledge that there is some specific proof on nonduality. The reader may pursue the intricacies of this discussion in greater detail, but it seems unlikely that conviction will result. In sum, the book is a valuable contribution to the field of Indian philosophy, standing as a testimonial to the diligence and scholarship of Granoff. The book may also serve as a sample text for scholars interested in Indian dialectics, for the arguments are explained so that even a person unfamiliar with Indian philosophy may grasp them. An understanding of this book will certainly provide the reader with a feeling for the strengths and weaknesses of Indian philosophical argumentation.


Interfacial structure of laminated polyethylene (PE)/polypropylene (PP) films was investigated by synchrotron X-ray microbeam. The X-ray microbeam (0.9 μm (vertical) × 1.7 μm (horizontal)) formed using a phase zone plate was irradiated on the cross-section of the laminated films. In order to irradiate X-ray microbeam in the direction perpendicular to the cross-section of the film sample, adjustment of the sample setting was performed by Thomson scattering method. The Thomson scattering intensity is proportional to the number of the irradiated electrons, so the irradiated position of the X-ray microbeam could be determined from the intensity profile with high spatial resolution. By changing the sample position, diffraction patterns could be obtained from the laminated films across the PE/PP interfacial region. The thickness of the interfacial region of the annealed laminate was estimated as 5 μm judging from the changes of the diffraction intensities from the PE crystallites to the PP ones. The interfacial thickness depended on the thermal treatment of the film. It was found that the adhesion strength of the PE/PP laminate increased with increasing the interfacial thickness. Both of PE and PP chains entangled each other during laminate processing. The entangled molecular chains play important role as anchoring effect at the PE/PP interdiffusion region. However, the phase separation progressed with further crystallization by annealing. Thus, the adhesion strength of the PE/PP laminate was considered to be influenced by the interfacial thickness.


Objective: To-date, in middle-aged men the collection of data regarding the measurement of a wide range of health indicators, and the mutual relationships among these indicators, has been insufficient. Here, we evaluated from the viewpoint of anti-aging medicine, the effects on various anti-aging indicators in middle-aged men of a long-term intervention to prevent lifestyle-related diseases.Methods: Subjects were 18 male employees (mean age, 54.4 ± 7.4 years; mean body weight 77.5 ± 12.5 kg; mean BMI, 26.1 ± 3.6 kg/m2) of a machine manufacturer located in Kyoto City on whom a company-wide anti-aging medical checkup was performed. On the basis of the medical checkup results, exercise and nutritional instructions were given to the study subjects. In addition, subjects were lent pedometers and encouraged to walk, and the data recording the number of steps taken was collected once every four weeks. Anti-aging related indicators were measured before the study as well as 12 and 24 weeks thereafter. Muscle mass was measured with a body composition measuring device by bioelectrical impedance analysis (Physion MD), higher-brain functions were determined by the Wisconsin card sorting test (WCST), the degree of arteriosclerosis was evaluated by acceleration plethysmography (SDP-100), and bone mineral density was measured by ultrasonography (A-1000).(View PDF for the rest of the abstract.)


During 1952-57, we observed 53 patients with caseous pneumonia aged 20 to 60 years and above; men-34, women-19. In 6 patients, caseous pneumonia was the first manifestation of the disease, in 47 it was an exacerbation of progressive pulmonary tuberculosis (in 46 chronic fibrotic cavernous, in 1-disseminated). In 21 cases, the prescription of tuberculosis was 3-5 years, in 26-more than 5 years. In 7 people, caseous pneumonia developed due to blood aspiration during pulmonary bleeding.


Vessel traffic flow was analyzed from the aspects of number,time-space characteristic and composition and other behavior characteristics of vessel traffic flow. And the influence factors of vessel traffic flow were analyzed according to the time-space characteristic and its composition. Meanwhile, the principles of traffic organization were put forward according to the essence of water traffic accident. And then,the necessity of the study and the feasibility of application on vessel traffic flow behavior characteristics were elaborated based on vessel traffic flow applying in traffic organization. The study on vessel traffic flow behavior characteristics is helpful to guide the evolution of the traffic flow,which can make the vessel traffic flow more orderly and reasonably,so as to reduce the rate of the maritime traffic accident and improve the navigation efficiency.


The tourism sector is currently the leading sector of local governments in an effort to develop their regions. South Minahasa Regency, which is rich in tourism potential, establishes a tourism village policy by taking into account the potential of the village. The tourism village policy is expected in addition to managing tourism objects that are owned through local wisdom as well as in an effort to increase community and regional income. By using a qualitative design, it was found that the implementation of tourism village policies in South Minahasa Regency had not been carried out properly judging from the aspects of policy content, implementing organizations and the policy environment. To be able to make the tourism village policy in South Minahasa Regency well implemented, improvements are needed in the preparation and implementation of tourism infrastructure development programs in the village by the South Minahasa Regency Government, strengthening the potential of rural communities through training in making typical village products to support tourism activities, and involving interest groups. such as tourism actors and the private sector to invest in tourism locations.


In this paper, we mainly discuss the existence of solutions for impulsive fractional differential equations. By applying variational methods and critical point theory, some new criteria to guarantee that the impulsive fractional differential equation has infinitely many solutions are established. Moreover, we improve and extend some previous results.


Prevalence of hookworm and other helminthes infections from year 2004 till May, 2007 was carried out in both the State Specialist Hospital and Federal Medical Centre, in Ekiti State. Of the 2,686 recorded and examined, 1,246 persons representing 46.3% were infected with helminthes while 53.7% were infected with other helminthes like Ascaris lumbricoides and Trichuris trichura. At State Specialist Hospital (Ado-Ekiti), 646 persons representing 47.1% were infected with hookworm while 600 persons representing 45.5% were infected with hookworm at Federal Medical Centre, (Ido-Ekiti). There is a significant difference (X 2 =8.9; P 0.05) in the prevalence and susceptibility of males and females to hookworm infections. Key words: Prevalence; Epidemiology; Helminthes; Infections Hospital. DOI: 10.3329/bjsir.v44i4.4588 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 44(4) , 399-402, 2009


We compute the matrix element of the four-quark operator $\Op_S$ = $\bar{b}(1-\gamma_5) s \bar{b} (1-\gamma_5) s$ in the $B_s-\bar{B}_s$ mixing on the lattice using NRQCD, which gives a leading contribution in the calculation of the width difference $\Delta\Gamma_s$ in the $1/m_b$ expansion. Using the next-to-leading formula of Beneke \textit{et al.}, we obtain $(\Delta\Gamma/\Gamma)_s$ = 0.151(37)(36)(17), where the the first error reflects the uncertainty of $f_{B_s}$ = 245(30) MeV, the second error comes from our calculation of the matrix element of $\Op_S$, and the third represents unknown $1/m_b$ correction.


We rst investigate the Hermitian matrices with k distinct eigenvalues, and then give an algebraic characterization to a graph with k distinct eigenvalues with respect to the adjacency and (normalized) Laplacian matrix.


This research, based on the theoretical frameworks of Positive Psychology and Mathematics Teaching, aimed to investigate the possible relationships between Positive and Negative Affectivities and School Performance in Mathematics. To achieve this objective, a survey was used to collect data on affectivity in a sample of students from technical courses integrated into high school and collected data on school performance in Mathematics through the semester grades of these same students. With these data in hand, we proceeded to data analysis. This analysis was carried out using Pearson's Correlation Coefficient (r), which resulted in evidence of the existence of a moderate correlation between Positive Affectivities and School Performance in Mathematics, as well as evidence of the existence of a weak correlation, but between Negative Affectivities and School Performance in Mathematics. Thus, it was concluded by the statistical confirmation of the relationship between Positive and Negative Affectivities and School Performance in Mathematics. This research also advised parsimony in the generalization of its conclusions, since there was a limitation linked to the use of the convenience sampling technique and, in addition, suggested that future studies explore other concepts belonging to the field of Positive Psychology and that others be investigated types of relationship, in addition to correlation, since there is the possibility of seeking evidence on cause/effect, mediation and moderation relationships related to Mathematics Teaching constructs.


Objective To analyse the characteristics of adverse drug reaction,treatment,clinical manifestations and treatment to provide reference for rational drug use in clinic.Methods 128 cases of adverse drug reaction carried out in our hospital in 2010 were retrospectively analyzed and summarized with statistical methods.Results Adverse drug reactions related to drugs 86 species including 30 kinds of anti-infective drugs,accounting for 34.9% of the total number of drugs,accounting for 44.5% of the total cases;eight kinds of Chinese medicine,accounting for 9.3% of the number of varieties of drugs,accounting for 6.3% of the total cases;intravenous route of administration infusion,accounting for 75%;common adverse events were skin and its appendages injury;serious adverse drug reactions accounted for 6%.Conclusion Adverse drug reactions are related to multiple factors,more susceptibly in elderly patients;ADR monitoring should be attached importance in clinic to reduce adverse drug reactions conducively.


Chiles, Lambert, and Hatch (this issue) utilize meta-analysis methodology to demonstrate how psychological interventions historically have offset medical costs. Implications for future integrated health care delivery are discussed. Essentials for successful health service integration are identified, including unified substance abuse and mental health Interventions as well as managed care's systemic and financial support. Proposed provider integration involves a three-way partnership of primary care, surgical care, and behavioral care.


Parasitological and entomological studies were carried out to determine the prevalence of malaria and role of anophelines in the transmission of lymphatic filariasis in two villages; Orijiriafor and Ndiagu Obu both in Ohaukwu, Ebonyi State, Nigeria. This study was carried out between January 2010 and July 2010 using rapid diagnostic test kits for Plasmodium falciparum and standard entomological methods. The knowledge and practices on the role of mosquitoes in the transmission of malaria and lymphatic filariasis were also determined using self administered questionnaires. Of the 257 persons examined, 88 (34.24%) tested positive for Plasmodium falciparum antigens. The two villages showed inter-village variation with Ndiagu Obu having a higher prevalence of 41.60% as against Orijiriafor with prevalence of 26.52%. The infection rates showed no relationship to sex (P>0.05) but relationship to age (P<0.05) with the age range 0-15 years having the highest prevalence (48.67%). Of the 149 mosquitoes collected, Anopheles gambiae accounted for 75.17%. Lymphatic filarial larvae was recorded only in Anopheles gambiae sl. Overall, only 6(4.03%) mosquitoes were infected of which 3(2.01%) were infective. The people living in the study area had poor knowledge on the transmission and control of malaria and lymphatic filariasis. These findings have revealed the need for an effective community health enlightenment campaigns and provision of basic amenities like pipe-borne water and electricity which will reduce the breeding and biting rates of mosquito vectors while also improving the standard of living of the people in the study area.


Contents:List of Illustrations Preface to the Revised Edition Preface to the First Edition Introduction Time Line: The Martini Decade by DecadeThe Simple Messages of the MartiniMessage One: The Martini is American-it is not European, Asian, or African Message Two: The Martini is urban and urbane-it is not rural or rustic Message Three: The Martini is a high-status, not a low-status, drink Message Four: The Martini is a man's, not a woman's, drink Message Five: The Martini is optimistic, not pessimistic Messgae Six: The Martini is the drink of adults, not of children Message Seven: The Martini belongs to the past, not the present The Simple Messages ReconsideredThe Ambiguities of the MartiniAmbiguity One: The Martini is civilized-the Martini is uncivilized Ambiguity Two: The Martini unites-the Martini separates Ambiguity Three: The Martini is classic-the Martini is individual Ambiguity Four: The Martini is sensitive-the Martini is tough Historical Background of the AmbiguitiesConclusion Theory, Method, and Bibliography Appendix: The Martini Glass Notes Index


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The two β-lactam antibiotics produced by Cephalosporium acremonium ATCC 14553, cephalosporin C and penicillin N, have been proposed to be biosynthesized through the peptide, δ-(l-α-aminoadipyl)-l-cystemyl-d-valine.Many β-lactam negative mutants were derived from the strain No. 52, which was a more potent producer of the β-lactam antibiotics than the parent strain, C. acremonium ATCC 14553. Some of them were found to accumulate two sulfur-containing peptides. These compounds were isolated from the culture filtrate of one of the mutants, N-2 and determined to be the dimer of δ-(l-α-aminoadipyl)-l-cysteinyl-d-valine and the S-methylthio derivative of the tripeptide.


In this study, the effect of distance-dependent and time-dependent dispersion coefficient on the transport of multispecies contaminants subjected to Freundlich non-linear adsorption in porous media has been analyzed. An implicit finite difference has been used to develop the numerical model. A constant continuous source of first species contaminant has been assumed at the inlet of the porous domain. The results obtained from distance-dependent and time-dependent dispersion coefficient has been compared with that obtained using constant dispersion coefficient for different fluid velocities and dispersivity–distance ratios. The first species of the multispecies transport is subjected to Freundlich non-linear sorption. Sensitivity analysis has been conducted to study the effect of different simulation time, fluid velocities, sorption exponent, and dispersivity–distance ratio on solute transport mechanism within the porous media. Results suggest that the effect of distance-dependent dispersion coefficient on multispecies contaminant movement is negligible when the fluid velocity is very low. The fluid velocity has a significant impact on the multispecies solute movement when non-linear sorption and distance-dependent dispersion coefficient are considered. The effect of variation of the Freundlich sorption exponent on contaminant concentration is negligible when distance-dependent and time-dependent dispersion coefficients are considered.


Environment Canada is currently planning to raise the lid of its operational global forecast model GEM (Global Environmental Multiscale) from 10 hPa (~30 km) to 0.1 hPa (~60 km) in the first quarter of 2009. The new version is called GEM-Strato. This project has several major components: changes to the model physics, new vertical coordinate, new background error statistics, and additional data types for the assimilation system. These include AMSU-A stratospheric channels 11-14 in addition to data types recently implemented operationally: AIRS and SSM/I radiances and Quickscat oceanic winds. This paper presents results on the impact of the new model configuration, followed by that of adding the new data types mentioned above, and that from GPS-RO refractivity profiles in the variational assimilation system.


Objective It is commonly known that gait disturbance is related with Alzheimer's disease (AD) in its late stage. However, recent studies showed that gait disturbance may start in the early stage of AD or even mild cognitive impairment (MCI). This paper aims to explore the correlation of gait speed and Timed Up & Go (TUG) with AD and MCI.  Methods All subjects were examined by Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). Besides, they were designed to walk in two assigned conditions: single task (free gait) and dual task (walking and counting). The gait parameters of Four-Meter Walk Test (4mWT) and TUG were measured in the two conditions.  Results Forty-two patients with AD, 39 with MCI and 39 control subjects were enrolled in this study. Compared with control group, both single and dual gait speed of MCI and AD groups decreased (MCI single:  t = -3.223, P = 0.002; MCI dual:  t = -2.476,  P = 0.016; AD single: t = -3.793,  P = 0.003; AD dual:  t = -12.708,  P = 0.000). For TUG, compared with control group, both single and dual tasks of MCI and AD groups increased (MCI single:  t = 2.831,  P = 0.006; MCI dual:  t = 4.060,  P = 0.000; AD single:  t = 3.420,  P = 0.001; AD dual:  t = 4.259,  P = 0.000). As for the comparison between MCI and AD groups, dual gait speed of AD group decreased ( t = -8.254, P = 0.000), but there was no significant increase of both single and dual TUG in AD group (single:  t = 1.569,  P = 0.121; dual:  t = 1.904, P = 0.061). Compared with single task, no significant difference existed in dual gait speed of MCI group ( t = -1.934,  P = 0.057), while dual TUG of MCI group increased ( t = 3.693, P = 0.000); dual gait speed of AD group decreased ( t = -12.333, P = 0.000), while dual TUG increased significantly ( t = 2.584, P = 0.012).  Conclusions Gait disturbance can be found even in early stage of dementia, so gait speed and TUG are reliable parameters for identification of AD, even MCI. Dual TUG increasing is meaningful for both AD and MCI, while dual gait speed shows its great significance in AD. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6731.2015.07.011


The efficacy of hair loss prevention by scalp cooling to prevent chemotherapy induced hair loss has been shown to be related to scalp skin temperature. Scalp skin temperature, however, is dependent not only on local cooling but also on the thermal status of the body.


The response of a soap film to the continuous deformation of its wire boundary is considered, with particular attention to the topological transitions that can occur at critical stages of the deformation process. Two well-known examples that have been studied by both theory and experiment are the catenoid suspended between circular wires in parallel planes, and the Möbius-strip soap film spanning a wire that is twisted and folded back on itself. In this latter case, we have shown in previous publications that, when the wire is unfolded, the soap film undergoes a topological transition through a boundary singularity to a two-sided film, with a corresponding jump in the linking number between the axis of the wire and the Plateau boundary on its surface. Here, we review this particular aspect of the problem, and propose a simplified model experiment through which the slipping adjustment of a Plateau border on a solid surface may be investigated.


The invention has the technical object to provide an expandable to any length light that consists of many modules that can be easily assembled and disassembled, and preferably uses LED lighting technology. According to the invention, the object is achieved in that the metal profile body modules (1) adjusted by a simple and to the metal profile body modules (1) connecting elements (3, 4) are used, which allows a safe connection of the metal profile body modules (1) with each other, that the electrical connecting means or at withdrawable . insertable installation angles (7) are fixed, and thus allow easy power supply, current continuation or current feedback from metal profile body module (1) to metal profile body module (1) and the lined metal profile body modules (1) have no intermediate distances and thus constitutes a compact unit of the long-field light.


In view of the traditional genetic algorithm in intrusion detection problems, a modified genetic algorithm. The algorithm com- bined with simulated annealing algorithm, and the use of uniform crossover and Gaussian mutation. Experimental results show that the algorithm than the traditional genetic algorithm can more accurately detect the invasion data.


Some mental health clinicians may think that it is best to keep clients in treatment as long as possible. After all, this might be seen as an effective way to ensure the stability of one's private practice, especially for those who are not familiar with how to market their practice effectively. This chapter illustrates how this practice is actually counterproductive to the goal of maintaining a steady client base. It likely will alienate and displease clients and referral sources alike, discourage potential future clients from seeking treatment, place the clinician at risk ethically and legally, and not be a sustainable business practice. This chapter illustrates how meeting each client's clinical needs appropriately, and helping them toward independent functioning as quickly as is reasonably possible, will actually be a practice-building strategy that will encourage more referrals and a more financially successful practice.


Under the trusteeship cooperation model,the public hospital may adopt centralization,decentralization or middle course as its finance management policy.The finance management system features of different polices is analyzed,the precondition of applications is explained,the individual accounting methods are described,the financial function is defined,the capital management is expatiated and the advantages and disadvantages of each model are summarized.Meanwhile,proposals on trusteeship property management policy and how to enhance finance management as well are proposed.Furthermore,theory guideline and practical references for the finance management development of public hospital are offered under the trusteeship operation.


Previous studies have related preoperative status and severity of disease to the outcome of coronary artery bypass surgery. Although increased perfusion and clamp times increase the risk of cardiac surgical procedures, the importance of these factors in relation to the patient's preoperative condition and the severity of disease has not previously been determined. In this study of 1078 patients, we examined the correlation between the patient's preoperative condition, the severity of coronary disease, and duration of perfusion and clamp time, and the type of oxygenator used with the mortality and morbidity associated with coronary artery bypass grafting. One-way analysis of variance and multiple correlation analysis showed that perfusion time, clamp time and nonclamp perfusion time correlated with mortality, perioperative infarction, the use of intra-aortic balloon pump, stroke, renal failure, pulmonary failure, infection, and leg wound complications (p < 0.05). Perfusion time, clamp time and nonclamp perfusion time did not correlate with postoperative bleeding or sternal wound complications. Nonclamp perfusion time correlated more strongly than any other factor with mortality, perioperative infarction, the use of intra-aortic balloon pump, renal failure, pulmonary failure and infection (p < 0.05). Clamp time correlated more than any other factor with the development of leg-wound complications (p < 0.05). The use of a bubble rather than a membrane oxygenator was significantly related to mortality, stroke, infection and leg wound complications by one-way analysis of variance (p < 0.05). The results of this study suggest that increased duration of nonclamp perfusion time and clamp time, combined with the use of a bubble oxygenator, increases the risk of mortality and morbidity for coronary artery bypass grafting.


SUMMARY

Lipase-treated spinach chloroplasts show a decreased dichroism. Treatment with protease yields rather scattering results, be it that in most cases protease causes the dichroic effect to increase. The results are discussed in terms of an earlier suggested hypothetical model of a quantasome.


Nutrition is one of the vital role in improving the healing and recovery after surgery, either preoperative (before surgery), intraoperative (during surgery), or postoperative (after surgery). The Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) Society has published a multidisciplinary approach to perioperative care aimed at achieved early recovery for patients undergoing major surgery.


Asymbiotic and associative diazotropic bacteria such as Azotobacter and Azosprillum, respectively are widely distributed in different rhizospheric and nonrhizospheric soils and help in growth and development of plants. Sixty two soil samples were collected from different crop rotations namely Rice-Wheat, Vegetables, Agro forestry and Grassland from the districts Chandauli, Jaunpur,Ballia, Ghazipur, Sultanpur and Faizabad of eastern Uttar Pradesh in India for enumerating population of Azotobacter & Azospirillum and electro-chemical properties of soil. The result showed that per gram cfu of Azotobacter and Azospirillum in rice-wheat ranged from 10x 105 to 21 x 105 and 5.5 x 105 to 15 x 105, in vegetables 14.5 x 105 to 21 x 105 and 9 x 105 to 15 x 105, in agro-forestry 11x 105 to 20 x 105 and 6 x 105 to 14 x 105 and in grassland 8x 105 to 12 x 105 and 5 x 105 to 9 x 105, respectively. Soils had a neutral to sodic reaction (pH= 7.2-8.9), medium to high organic carbon (0.59-0.94%), low to medium phosphorus (5.34 -10.23 kg ha-1), medium to high potassium (129-379 kg ha-1) and medium available nitrogen (310-466 kg ha-1).


This article is concerned with how the contemporary media process and disseminate specialist knowledge through an analysis of the increasing interaction between universities and the media. The burgeoning "promotional culture" of the former and the "content hunger" of the latter are encouraging closer, regular interactions between two largely distinct categories of "knowledge worker"—journalists and academics. A qualitative study of their encounters is reported here in seeking to understand the ways in which these macro-structural trends are played out at the "coalface" of cultural labour. It is observed that these micro-encounters exhibit a clear inequality of discursive power in favour of journalists, who are well positioned to select, reject or otherwise discipline academic language and discourse. In conclusion, it is proposed that, from the evidence of this case study, discursive "equity" in the media is elusive, even where there is relative parity of cultural labour power.


Reading in a foreign language has value for learners as a potentially rich source of input as well as enjoyment. It requires persistence, however. Within models of self-regulated learning, persistence relates to learners? self-efficacy and use of strategies to aid task completion and regulation of engagement. Yet the relationship between self-efficacy and self-regulatory strategies is underexplored for second language (L2) reading, despite some intervention studies finding that instruction aimed at improving strategy use positively influences self-efficacy. The current study investigated the relationship between what we call text engagement regulatory reading strategies (TERRS) and reading self-efficacy among 529 beginner learners of French. It also explored whether different learner profiles exist with respect to that relationship, and how far learners of different profiles benefited in respect of reading self-efficacy from 3 instructional approaches: phonics instruction plus the use of challenging texts; strategy-based instruction using the same texts; and no explicit phonics or strategy instruction using the texts only. The use of TERRS was an important predictor of reading self-efficacy and central to 3 distinct learner profile clusters. Increases in reading self-efficacy were significantly greater for learners of certain profiles who received strategy-based instruction, with implications for theories of self-regulated language learning and classroom practice.


The main objective of this work was to determine the effects of pyrolysis heating rate on intrinsic O2 reactivity of coal chars. Relationships of intrinsic reactivity to other pyrolysis conditions and char physical and chemical structure were also investigated, and empirical correlations were obtained. Two different entrained flow reactors (a flat flame methane/air burner and a drop tube reactor) were used to prepare chars under a variety of different pyrolysis conditions at maximum particle temperatures and heating rates of 840−1627 K and 104 to 2 × 105 K/s, respectively. Intrinsic reactivities of a lignite and two bituminous coal chars decrease with increasing preparation heating rate. Maximum particle temperature and heating rate are difficult preparation parameters to separate and were closely coupled in this work, as in most entrained flow coal research. Indeed, much of the work described in the literature defining the effects of pyrolysis heating rate on coal char reactivity has utilized vast reside...


The purpose of this study was to determine the factors related to a parent's involvement in their child's education. More specifically it addressed the factors related to the involvement by parents of children with learning disabilities. The subjects (n=52) were all parents of children with learning disabilities. All parents attending a convention sponsored by the Learning Disabilities Association of North Carolina were surveyed. A self-developed questionnaire was used for this research. 37% of the questionnaires were returned. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and a Pearson r. A significant correlation was found between teacher involvement and parental involvement (r= .33, p<.05). The return rate was not high and this was a limitation in generalizing the results. A recommendation would be to use a larger population with subjects from several conventions. lo i 'o 0 D 0 D [D 0 D 0 0 10 I ID D 0 10 io I jD \ c-, ' ' Parental Involvement 3


A successful social entrepreneurship project in Dublin, Ireland, Fastrack into Information Technology (FIT) forms the backdrop for this article on the value, influence and significance of a dedicated first-person inquiry. The work makes the connections between the early poverty experiences of the author, a subsequent business career of high achievement and this followed by a deliberate choice to sell his assets and to commit himself to the resolution of serious social problems. Underpinning this new orientation is a faith-based spirituality reflected in the Spiritual Exercisesof St. Ignatius (Founder of the Jesuits). The article explores the close relationship between these Spiritual Exercisesand first-person inquiry practice. In tracing their influence over a time span of quarter of a century, it places first-person inquiry appropriately at the core of the activity while, at the same time, describing the organic links which forge growthful outcomes in second and third-person arenas. With a descriptive image of the bloc of influence which make up the FIT project – government, industry and local communities – and emphasizing its co-creative nature, the work concludes with a vision for the next stage. The realisation of this vision will continue to see first-person inquiry in a central and pivotal role.


— Data obtained from measurements 1 recently performed at the High Intensity (cid:126)γ ray Source (HI (cid:126)γ S) are being analyzed to extract the Gerasimov-Drell-Hearn (GDH) integrand on the deuteron at γ -ray energies of 3.5, 4.0, 6.0, and 10.0 MeV. Linearly polarized γ -rays were used to extract the shape of the polarized differential cross section for the d ( (cid:126)γ, n ) p reaction near breakup threshold using the 88 neutron detec-tors of the BLOWFISH array. The coefficients of a Legendre polynomial expansion of the data were extracted and written in terms of the amplitudes and phases of the transition matrix elements. A grid search was performed to determine the amplitudes of the T-matrix elements, using the phase shifts obtained from n - p scattering data 2 to fix the relative phases. The amplitudes are used in a low-energy expansion of the GDH integrand to determine the integrand values at each energy. This talk will provide a brief overview of the experiment, describe how the amplitudes were extracted, and compare the results obtained for the GDH integrand to theory 3 .


The generalized orthogonal matching pursuit method supposes that the sparsity is known, however, the sparsity is unknown in many practices. To overcome the problem, an improved method that can reconstruct signal without the prior sparsity information is proposed. The proposed method divided the signal reconstruction into two stages. The first stage will be stopped until the residual equal or less than the chosen threshold, and the size of the current estimated support set is used as an initial valued of adaptive parameter. In the second stage, a backtracking step is executed. We separately use the size of current adaptive parameter and updated adaptive parameter that is the sum of current adaptive parameter and the number of chosen indices, as the size of estimated support set, and compare their corresponding residual. If the residual of former is larger than the latter, the updated adaptive parameter is used as the new adaptive parameter; else we do not update the adaptive parameter. The simulation results demonstrated that the proposed method could reconstruct signal without requiring prior information of the sparsity. This method had a better recovery performance than the original algorithm..


The Cisuralian tetrapod ichnoassociation from Italy is long known, in fact it is the first described from the Southern Alps. After some pioneering works in the 19th Century, several new research and discoveries were undertaken starting from the second half of the 20th Century until now. This ichnoassociation is characterised by abundant and diverse reptile tracks (Dromopus, Erpetopus, Hyloidichnus, Merifontichnus and Varanopus), uncommon anamniote tracks (Amphisauropus, Batrachichnus and Limnopus) and very rare synapsid tracks (cf. Dimetropus). The bulk of discoveries are located in the central Southern Alps, in the Orobic and Collio basins, and in minor part in the Athesian District. These basins include a well-preserved and diverse ichnoassociation that is central to tetrapod footprint biostratigraphy and in the definition of the late Cisuralian reptile radiation inferred from the footprint record, well-calibrated by several recent radiometric dates that constrain the ages of the footprint-bearing units. The new site from NW Sardinia includes few late Kungurian?-Roadian tetrapod footprints, that however deserve great attention because of the possible biostratigraphic implications and the unusual co-occurrence with tetrapod remains.


Panfacial trauma is those fractures, which involve frontal bones, zygomaticomaxillary complex, naso orbito ethmoid region, nasal region, mandible with concomitant occlusal disturbances. These kind of fractures are often associated with CSF rhinorrhea and base of the skull fracture. Nasal and oral endo tracheal intubation presents a clinical challenge to the anesthesiologists and also interferes with surgical procedures. The options in these situations are either tracheostomy or submental intubation. As the tracheostomy needs transtracheal dissection and carries significant morbidity, submental intubation is simple, safe technique with low morbidity for operative airway management in maxillofacial trauma.


It is well established that certain proinflammatory cytokines have the ability to activate the hypothalamo-pituitaryadrenocortical (HPA) axis, and there is widespread suggestive evidence that such cytokines may affect the axis at multiple levels. Silverman et al. (1) have now provided convincing evidence from in vivo studies that IL-6 can activate the HPA axis by actions on the hypothalamus, the pituitary, or directly on the adrenal cortex, and that these mechanisms are involved in the elevation of corticosterone in mice infected with murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV). In the present study, they analyzed the mechanisms whereby MCMV elevates plasma ACTH and corticosterone, using combinations of treatments with antibodies to corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF), CRF-knockout mice, and hypophysectomy. Although pretreatment with an antibody to CRF prevented the plasma responses in ACTH and corticosterone to a swim stress, the corticosterone response to MCMV persisted, even though the treatment prevented the ACTH response. Similar robust corticosterone responses to MCMV were observed in CRF-knockout mice, although in this case, there was a small but significant increase in ACTH. The latter suggests that IL-6 may act directly on the pituitary to stimulate ACTH secretion. Interestingly, in both experiments, the corticosterone responses were accompanied by exaggerated increases in plasma IL-6 relative to infected wild-type animals. Overall, these results suggest that IL-6 can act directly on the adrenal cortex to stimulate corticosterone secretion. The demonstration that MCMV markedly elevated plasma corticosterone in the absence of any increase in ACTH strongly supports this interpretation. This possibility is bolstered by the demonstration that a neutralizing antibody to IL-6 markedly attenuated the corticosterone response to MCMV. Finally, hypophysectomy prevented the MCMV-induced increases in ACTH and corticosterone, but with an enhanced increase in plasma IL-6. In the earlier experiments, IL-6 appeared to be able to act directly on the adrenals, so it was postulated that the lack of response occurred because ACTH was necessary to prime the adrenal cortex to respond to IL-6. Although the concept that cytokines can activate the HPA axis is well founded, and there have been many prior suggestions that cytokines can act at the three major levels of the axis, the present in vivo studies provide the strongest evidence yet that under physiological conditions IL-6 can directly stimulate corticosteroid secretion from the adrenal cortex, as well as suggestive evidence that it can also stimulate ACTH secretion from the pituitary. These results supplement the many demonstrations of ACTH and corticosteroid secretion from isolated tissues in vitro [see reviews by Silverman et al. (2) and Dunn (3)], and reveal something of the circumstances in which such mechanisms may operate. It is particularly interesting that when CRF function is compromised, plasma IL-6 concentrations are elevated. It would appear that this occurs to compensate for the lack of ACTH, but what is the mechanism of this increase in plasma IL-6? The present results reveal nothing of this mechanism, although it is likely that the lack of corticosteroid feedback suppressing IL-6 synthesis contributes to it. Nevertheless, it is important that in certain circumstances IL-6 can assume the function of ACTH, and possibly also of CRF. These observations also suggest that elevation of circulating glucocorticoids is vital for an organism under threat from viral (and perhaps other) pathogens but is apparently less critical for physical or emotional stressors. The rationale for this is not clear, but perhaps it reflects the importance of elevated glucocorticoids in the regulation of immune responses to viral (and other) pathogens. This multifunctional role for IL-6 may also be relevant to the early observations that immune activation activated the HPA axis (4). Administration to mice of Newcastle disease virus was shown to elevate plasma corticosterone, and Smith et al. (5) suggested that this ability was attributable to production of ACTH by immune cells. Unfortunately, the experiments reported in that study could not be replicated in animals in which the hypophysectomy was demonstrated to be complete (6, 7), excluding a role for ACTH from nonpituitary sources. The study of Silverman et al. (1), along with those of Bethin et al. (8) and Karalis et al. (9), show that activation of the HPA axis can be achieved in the absence of CRF, but that it is not immune cell-derived ACTH that is responsible, but rather IL-6. The IL-6, which may well be derived from immune cells, might act either as an ACTHreleasing factor at the pituitary, and/or directly on the adrenal cortex. However, the study of Silverman et al. (1) suggests that pituitary-derived ACTH may be necessary to prime the adrenal cortical cells for such a response.


The paper deals with the problem of communication approach peculiarities in the additional language training of university staff. The purpose of the paper is to reveal peculiarities of communicative approach application in teaching English as a foreign language to adults via analysis of foreign and Russian literature related to teacher training and methodology. The nature of the concepts "communicative approach", "deductive approach", "inductive approach" and peculiarities of communicative approach were revealed via the contrast analysis of foreign and Russian literature related to teacher training and methodology. On the basis of literature analysis the authors described the peculiarities of communicative approach in teaching English to adults such as communicativeness, variability, adaptability, flexibility, individualization in teaching process and others; justified instructive approach application for effective learning within communicative approach. The scientific novelty of the paper is to reveal peculiarities of the communicative approach application in teaching English to adults. The most common peculiarities are communicativeness, flexibility, individualization in teaching process. The curriculum developed by the authors can be used in additional English language training of Master's students, postgraduate students, professors.


We know working long hours is bad for our health, but which risk is greater, coronary heart disease or stroke?


Massive Multiple Input Multiple Output MIMO technology is a promising candidate for the next generation of communication applications, which essentially group hundreds of transmitting antennas together at the base station and provides the higher energy and spectral efficiency. In this article, the transmitting antennas are assumed to be closely spaced at the base station, which in turn results into a mutual coupling effect between the antenna terminals. The optimal system parameters and the energy efficiency are computed by considering the mutual coupling effect between the antenna terminals. Mutual coupling effect is deeply investigated on the energy efficiency and the other optimal parameters. We propose the domain splitter algorithm for the optimization of energy efficiency and the computation of different optimal system parameters in this article. The computational complexity of the proposed domain splitter algorithm is not dependent on the number of transceiver chains, and the detailed comparison is presented between the proposed and the reference algorithms on the basis of the computational complexity, which shows the effectiveness of the proposed domain splitter algorithm.


In this paper, a stabilization problem of quantum spin systems in general dimension under continuous measurement is considered and it is shown that the global stabilization at an eigenstate by continuous inputs is possible. Quantum states of spin systems under continuous measurement by mutual interference with laser beams can be continuously estimated by quantum filtering and with its information, the intension of magnetic field, which is applied to atoms, can be controlled. Because of the structural symmetry of the nonlinear dynamics, this stabilization problem by continuous feedback has been considered to be hard and recently a switching rule was introduced which attains the global stability. Our proposing control rule is the sum of two terms: a term which attracts the quantum states to a target and the other term which draw apart from the other equilibrium points. The proof is done by the strict analysis on the sample paths of solutions of a stochastic differential equation. We also show numerical examples to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposing control rule.


The modification of the baroclinic instability associated with positive and negative Arctic Oscillation Index (AOI) is theoretically investigated using a linearized 3D spectral primitive equation model. The linear instability analysis shows that the most unstable Charney mode MC changes its structure to intensify (weaken) the polar jet by the eddy momentum flux associated with the positive (negative) AOI. More importantly, the meridionally dipole Charney mode M2 is modified into the monopole Charney mode M1 to transport eddy momentum flux northward under the positive AOI condition. It is found that this modification is essential to intensify the polar jet during the AOI positive phase. Hence, we have theoretically confirmed that there are positive feedbacks between the baroclinic instability waves and the Arctic Oscillation characterized by the intensity of the polar jet.


We study relativistic hydrodynamics with chiral anomaly and dynamical electromagnetic fields, namely chiral magnetohydrodynamics (CMHD). We formulate CMHD as a low-energy effective theory based on a generalized derivative expansion. We demonstrate that the modification of ordinary magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) due to chiral anomaly can be obtained from the second law of thermodynamics and is tied to the chiral magnetic effect. We further study the real-time properties of a chiral fluid by solving linearized CMHD equations. We discover a remarkable "transition" at an intermediate axial chemical potential μA between a stable chiral fluid at low μA and an unstable chiral fluid at high μA. We summarize this transition in a "phase diagram" in terms of μA and the angle of the wave vector relative to the magnetic field. In the unstable regime, four collective modes carry both magnetic and fluid helicity, in contrary to MHD waves, which are unpolarized. Half of the helical modes grow exponentially in time, indicating the instability, while the other half become dissipative.


The basic principles of ultrasonic transducer and ultrasonic elliptical vibration polishing are investigated. A new kind of single-incentive ultrasonic transducer is designed, and the finite element simulation is conducted, a polishing device is developed based on the ultrasonic elliptical vibration. The polishing experiment is adopted to polish a tungsten carbide mold with the diameter 5cm. The experimental result shows that the tungsten carbide mould surface roughness changes from the original 0.026μm to 0.017μm.


Abstract Between 1745 and his death in 1772, Samuel Scott (1710–1772) completed a series of at least sixty-two paintings in oil that depict scenes of the Thames and its environs within London. This paper examines a group of these paintings depicting views of the Pool of London, of the quay, and of bridges and bridge-building, placing them in the context of discourse on the river and the Thames in the mid-eighteenth century. Scott's works adapt the conventions of topographical painting through their distinctive concentration on the ordinary world of the river labourers, especially boatmen, sailors, porters, and customs agents, as well as their passengers and customers. The paper examines how eighteenth-century poetry, especially georgic and descriptive verse, elaborates a discourse on the virtue of labour and commerce. These poetic tropes help identify within Scott's paintings a celebration of trade and the prosperity that it brings London, but also his recognition that the river was a mixed social space, in which the grandeur and wealth of the city was contrasted with the everyday commerce and labour of ordinary river people.


RICHARDSON, D. H. S. 1988. Understanding the pollution sensitivity of lichens. Lichens have been widely used to monitor air quality in urban and industrial situations. This review summarizes the effects of the various components of air pollution including metals, sulphur dioxide and acid rain. The mechanisms leading to the accumulation of elements by lichens or induction of damage by air pollutants are discussed.


This highly significant work in terms of litigation practice critically examines the case law of Germany's highest courts with regard to third-party counterclaims. In particular, it discusses the recognition of third-party counterclaims as an independent institution of procedural law. This work solves the problems that arise in this respect, above all the question of local jurisdiction, using the existing legally regulated instruments of procedural law. Due to the actual lack of the presupposed loophole in the regulations, it therefore calls into question both the analogous application of § 33 of Germany's civil procedure code (Zivilprozessordnung) and the judicial development of the law in this area.


The purpose of this article is to scientifically substantiate methods and develop tools for managingthe competitive potential of enterprises. The main strategies for the development of the baking industry havebeen outlined, namely: for the enterprises with a high level of utilization of competitive potential the mostcost-effective strategy will be adequate; for enterprises with an average level of utilization of competitive potential the integration strategy is recommended; a differentiation strategy is recommended for an enterprisewith low competitive potential. It was emphasized that a niche strategy should be one of the key strategiesfor the development of the industry, providing sustainable competitive advantages. Managing the competitiveedge of the businesses being researched should be related to the product component.


The main focus of the present study is to investigate whether high-speed listening in English class is effective in enhancing word recognition of elementary-level Japanese EFL listeners. Both experimental and anecdotal evidences suggest that, with continuous exposure to a faster speech rate, listeners can normalize a faster speech rate as their new baseline and find the original speech rate slower. In order to confirm if steady exposure to a faster speech rate has a positive effect on the listener's word recognition as well as comprehension, an experiment was conducted. In the experiment, participants in the three experimental groups were exposed to compressed speech rates at 1.2, 1.5, and 2.0 times the original rate for half a year in class, while those in the control group listened at the original rate. The results of the posttests showed that the participants who listened at 1.5 times the original rate fared significantly better than the other three groups in terms of word recognition. However, no difference between the groups was found in terms of comprehension.


IT productivity paradox and investment "black hole" made people suspect IT could enhance company's competence.To solve the problem,the paper choose the listed Chinese top 500 enterprises of IT level as samples to analyze the relationship between competence and IT level of enterprises.Research finds that company's IT level make a positive impact on the level of competition,and the bigger company's scale is,the more significant the impact is,and this impact will delay.This study could guide Chinese companies to invest information technology.


According to the historical data, most overhead transmission line (OHL) fault was caused by lightning strikes. However, the evaluation of OHL performance toward lightning strikes in PT PLN (Persero) was commonly performed by gathering the number of recorded faults without any value as a reference. This paper explains a concept for OHL performance evaluation toward lightning using the Total Outage Rate (TOR) method. TOR value was obtained by calculating the probability of flashover (shielding failure flashover/SFFOR and back flashover/BFOR) based on OHL design data and lightning data. According to the analysis, the evaluated 150 kV OHL historical fault was 3.26 fault/year/100 km which is lower than the calculated TOR (6.01 flashover/year/100 km). Therefore, this OHL doesn't need any improvement toward lightning performance (i.e., installing Transmission Line Arrester, unbalancing insulator). A brief framework of this evaluation method is presented as a reference for OHL sorting. The result of variation toward several parameters in OHL design showed that a higher value of tower footing resistance, a bigger shielding angle, and a lower value of the insulator's BIL give a higher TOR value.


Spectroscopic constants and potential energy curves of 20 electronic states of SnF arising from valence dissociation limits are computed using the complete active space MCSCF (CASSCF) followed by firstand second-order configuration interaction (FOCI, SOCI) methods, which included up to one million configurations. Our computed spectroscopic constants of five electronic states fit well with the experimentally observed X, A, a, and C states. The dipole moments and other yet to be observed properties of several electronic states are reported.


This paper discusses a high-efficiency synchronous generator using high-temperature superconductor (HTS) excitation. A novel design is proposed in which no excitation exists on the rotor. Instead, the stator is excited using DC HTS cables. The design is analyzed with finite element method and is further compared with a permanent magnet (PM) machine with similar machine dimensions. It was shown that the HTS machine provides a greater torque compared to the PM machine with higher efficiency.