Objective. An imbalance between angiogenic and anti-angiogenic factors in maternal blood has been observed in several obstetrical syndromes including preeclampsia, pregnancies with fetal growth restriction and fetal death. Vascular lesions have been identified in a subset of patients with spontaneous preterm labor (PTL). It is possible that PTL may be one of the manifestations of an anti-angiogenic state. The aim of this study was to determine if patients prior to the clinical diagnosis of PTL leading to preterm delivery had plasma concentrations of angiogenic and anti-angiogenic factors different from normal pregnant women. Study Design. This longitudinal nested case–control study included normal pregnant women (n = 208) and patients with PTL leading to preterm delivery (n = 52). Maternal blood samples were collected at 6 gestational age intervals from 6 to36.9 weeks of gestation. The end point (time of diagnosis) of the study, 'True PTL', was defined as patients presenting with PTL and delivered within 1 day. Plasma concentrations of sVEGFR-1, sVEGFR-2, sEng and PlGF were determined by ELISA. Analysis was performed with both cross-sectional and longitudinal (mixed effects model) approaches. Results.  (1) Plasma sEng concentration in patients destined to develop PTL was higher than that in normal pregnant women from 15–20 weeks of gestation. The difference became statistical significant at 28 weeks of gestation, or approximately 5–10 weeks prior to the diagnosis of 'true PTL'. (2) Backward analysis suggests that plasma concentrations of PlGF and sVEGFR-2 were lower, and those of sVEGFR-1 were higher in patients with PTL than in normal pregnant women less than 5 weeks prior to the diagnosis of 'true PTL'; and (3) Plasma concentrations of sEng and sVEGFR-1 were higher and those of PlGF and sVEGFR-2 were lower in patients diagnosed with PTL and delivery within 1 day than in normal pregnant women who delivered at term. Conclusion. The changes in sEng are demonstrable several weeks prior to the onset of preterm parturition. In contrast, the changes in the other angiogenic proteins are present close to the onset of PTL and delivery. This observation supports the view that an imbalance of angiogenic factors participates in the pathophysiology of spontaneous preterm parturition.


The NHS desperately needs a new career structure to recruit, retain and motivate the nursing workforce. Recent pay review body awards have been low and changes to the existing grading structure have been limited in anticipation of the new Agenda for Change pay system. As RCN lead negotiator and joint union secretary, I want to conclude negotiations soon and take final proposals to the nurses we represent.


Attempts to enhance students' appreciation for the scientific nature of psychology typically focus on training in scientific reasoning and methodology along with direct involvement in research activities. The underlying assumption appears to be that given sufficient knowledge and experience, students' perceptions of the discipline will change as part of their normal cognitive development. An alternative approach is to view changes in beliefs about psychology as an attitude change process in ghich information constitutes the arguments of a.persuasive message. Current "dual process" models of persuasion (Petty & Cacioppo, 1986; Chaiken, 1987) suggest several ways in which class activities and assignments can be modified to make the information supplied in a typical course have greater impact on underlying attitudes about the scientific nature of psychology. Examples of classroom interventions are discussed, and ethical issues associated with developing technologies that explicitly target belief change as a course objective are also considered. Contains 17 references. (Author) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document.


Recently, there has been debate for the suitability of statins for geriatric populations and patients with dementia as there is evidence suggesting improved quality of life following discontinuation of therapy in these groups, as well as conflicting evidence surrounding its potential to both prevent and potentiate downstream cognitive deficits. Despite large scale studies being conducted in the past regarding statins and cognition, there is a paucity of literature investigating its interaction with sex, as well as possible associations with other variables such as subjective complaints, neuropsychiatric symptoms, and function.


Thoughtful commentaries by the designers whose work fills this volume show how product design has helped to define the unique culture of our times.


TN ITS progress from the qualitative viewpoint to •*• the quantitative measure, the study of soil formation and development is beset with grave difficulties. In part, the problems have been solved by the application of climatic data to soil profile description on a geographical basis. However, we still lack two essential components of a genuinely quantitative pedology, namely, the means of measuring soil development and of determining its duration in time. As regards the former, it has long been recognized that any constituent unaffected by weathering processes might be used to provide the appropriate comparisons with the parent material. In practice, however, two difficulties have arisen. The proof that a given profile was indeed derived from the assumed parent material beneath it is not easy to furnish and has seldom been thoroughly attempted. There has, in addition, been no unanimity among pedologists as to the best choice for the immobile constituent. The comments of Milne (5) upon the lateritic profiles studied by Harrison (2) in British Guiana afford a vivid illustration of these difficulties. The measure of duration will not concern us here except to point out that it is usually based on evidence external to the profile itself. Soil profiles normally display clear internal evidence of their origin in the resistant-heavy minerals which they contain. We shall now show how the latter may also be used to measure profile development. Some preliminary consideration was given to this problem two years ago (4). Since then, several profiles have been examined using further refinements of the heavy mineral technic. The example here selected is by far the most favorable yet encountered. The selection of sufficiently resistant minerals which can be used as immobile indicators of the gains and losses of other constituents follows from the general experience of the sedimentary petrographers. Druif ( i ) , working in the Dutch East Indies, has examined this matter very closely in the case of tropical soils and has stated that even the most resistant species, such as zircon, tourmaline, and garnet, may show evidence of surface corrosion. However, it is possible, as he admits, that some of these examples may have arisen under abnormal conditions at some earlier stage of their geological history. From the available evidence, admittedly qualitative in nature, it seems certain that of all the commonly occurring minerals zircon is the most resistant. In choosing it as our ultimate indicator of profile losses or gains we shall be on the safest ground yet attained. As was pointed out in the earlier paper, it is first necessary to furnish convincing proof that stratigraphical and depositional differences are absent. The former are considered to be excluded when a semiquantitative study of the resistant heavy minerals under the petrographic microscope shows no change in the mineral suite throughout the profile. Depositional variation can frequently be detected by mechanical analysis alone, but the ultimate court of appeal is again the resistant heavy mineral suite. In a profile derived from uniform parent material the amounts of the resistant heavy minerals should bear a constant ratio to each other and the particle size distribution curve for each resistant mineral should remain constant. Assuming that these requirements are met, it remains to define the parent material, that is, to decide what horizon in the profile should be used as the basis for calculation. It should fulfill the condition that samples taken at reasonable distances above and below be practically identical with it, the permissible limits of variation being determined on samples at the same depth from nearby profiles. Whether the parent material defined in this practical sense actually represents the state of the soil system at zero time, Jenny's definition of parent material (3), will generally be a matter for debate. However, as evidence of this kind accumulates on soils of differing degrees of maturity, it should be possible, by measuring the processes which accompany the various stages of weathering and development, to set definite limits to this uncertainty. The evidence from a single profile will always give the minimum change compatible with the facts. OUTLINE OF METHOD The following procedure in calculation will be found to be simpler than that previously discussed.


The bottom literature presents the following modes today: the first is the leading group such as Jia pingwa,Chi zijian and Liu qingbang etc.who recount the bottom society;the second is the writers of doing manual work such as Zhou chongxian,Liu weizhang and Zhang chuanming etc.who relate the bottom society;the third is the bottom literature is reduced to a kind of consumer mark under the semantic environment of market-oriented economy.The limitation of the bottom literature presents spoken relating fashion,the view of duality conflicting and the relate limit of moral vacancy.The bottom criticism appears moral vacancy,symptom traits,to work out and build up the heath bottom criticism is the assuring that works out and builds up the heath bottom literature.


The study is conducted on the productivity of lower trophic status in two types of pond environment in an aquaculture system located in the Aquaculture campus of Gauhati University, Assam. One type of experimental pond (Pond A) is manually managed having fertilization effect of inorganic and organic fertilizers while the other is a naturally managed pen culture pond (Pond B) surrounded by dense reed swamps. The lower trophic system is constituted by planktonic productivity in the fertilized pond seen to be influenced by application of lime and other fertilizers in one hand and in the other hand the pen culture pond got influenced by leasing nutrient from the swamps. The seasonal variations of both phytoplankton and zooplankton densities are compared in both the pond types to determine their fluctuation trend and productivity state. The seasonal variations of phytoplankton productivity in the studied ponds are not well marked, despite the soil of Pond B is nitrogen limiting. However, zooplankton productivity of the two ponds shows significant variation. Phytoplankton exhibits bimodal pattern of seasonal growth in Pond A while tetramodal in Pond B. The study also reveals that Chlorophyceae is the most dominant group in terms of population density over the other phytoplanktonic group. The next dominant group of phytoplankton is Myxophyceae with blooms of Microcystis aeruginosa during late monsoon to early autumn in Pond A indicating inclination toward eutrophic condition. Stastical analysis reveals a bimodal pattern of plankton production with a significant negative correlation between phytoplankton and zooplankton for both the ponds. The study also reveals that productivity of phytoplankton is found to be more than that of zooplankton productivity.


Despite the wealth of research on Roman interior decoration, little has been said about the use of motifs of arms and armour in domestic contexts. Previous scholarship has generally interpreted such images as representing Roman spoils of war. This study challenges this connection with spoils, looking at a wider range of influences on the development and deployment of motifs of arms. It explores how such motifs could have been interpreted in light of their wider decorative context.
Drawing on an extensive catalogue of images in painting, mosaic and stucco dating from 100 BC to 100 AD, this thesis looks at the ways real captured arms were displayed in public and private contexts to assess how closely the domestic decorations mirror these idealised practices. It also explores the influence of Greek culture on Roman decorative motifs, decorative fashions across Mau's Four Styles, the possible influence of gladiatorial combats on the depiction of arms and begins to assess the extent to which all of these factors may have been involved in interpreting motifs of arms in the Roman home. This allows a more nuanced approach to motifs of arms in decorations, emphasising their flexibility and ambiguity. This study also begins to explore how the location of motifs of arms within the house can impact on how a Roman observer could have interpreted the images, opening up a further avenue of research on motifs of arms and understanding how they were deployed and responded to in Roman domestic contexts.


Summary In this article we prove that fundamental groups based at the unit point of topological groups are commutative [11].


This paper presents a distribution automation system (DAS) for service restoration in the distribution network with photovoltaic (PV) generator systems, which are disconnected simultaneously after a fault and subsequently reconnected after service restoration. Because the reverse power flow of PVs affects voltage in the distribution system, voltage dips and surges occur during the service restoration. However, current DAS do not control voltage regulators such as an on-load tap changer (OLTC) and step voltage regulators (SVRs) during the service restoration. The proposed DAS estimates the voltage in a distribution network considering the simultaneous disconnection of PVs by performing power flow calculations, and it controls the tap position of OLTC and/or SVRs according to the predicted voltage deviation. The voltage after the disconnection of PVs is calculated by estimating the PV output utilizing square kilometer solar radiation data calculated using satellite image data in real time.


In view of the fact that the Wassermann reaction is not infrequently negative in the presence of indubitable evidence of active syphilis, in the minds of many, this query has arisen: "How can we ever be sure of the complete extinction of the disease?" Indeed, many physicians have expressed doubts as to its curability. It is important for the profession to have placed before it as much convincing evidence pointing to the radical extermination of the syphilitic infection as possible, in order that there may be developed a crystallized scientific judgment on this important question. There is every reason to believe that many patients treated intensively in the early primary stage are cured, for they commonly remained free of symptoms for years and repeatedly have negative blood tests. But these data do not of themselves constitute evidence of cure. In the subjoined case, in which treatment was given after the


It's nearly impossible for an organization to perform in concert at a very high level unless all the employees are responding to the same feedback from a single digital dashboard. Many organizations are introducing a balanced scorecard to guide performance.


Summary form only given. In a DCT block of a compressed image, the density of non-zero AC coefficients and their size decrease as the block is scanned in the zigzag order. This paper presents a minor modification to the Huffman coding phase of the JPEG baseline algorithm to exploit this redundancy for further compression. Our encoder divides each block into two roughly equal halves (bands) and codes each band using a separate code table. It moves the EOB (end-of-block) marker to the middle of the sequence of non-zero AC coefficients and then replaces it by one of two split markers, whose selection depends on whether the number of non-zero AC coefficients is even or odd. No marker is needed at the end of a block. The major difference between this approach and the spectral selection method of the JPEG progressive mode is that the band boundary is flexible in our approach (i.e., it can vary from block to block).


Two varieties of wheat differing in heat tolerance (cvv. Egret and Oxley, tolerant and sensitive, respectively) were exposed to either a sudden or gradual (6°C h-1) increase from 20 to 40°C to determine if the rate of temperature increase used in controlled-environment studies (1) alters the accumulation of functionally important proteins during grain-filling, and (2) affects the ability to discriminate between heat tolerant and sensitive varieties of wheat. After heat treatment, grain samples were taken throughout grain growth and analysed for protein content and composition. Wheat proteins were separated and quantified as albumin/globulin, monomer, SDS-soluble polymer and SDS-insoluble polymer using size-exclusion high-performance liquid chromatography. The rate of temperature increase exerted a significant influence on the accumulation of total wheat protein and its fractions, and protein fractions differed in their responses to the suddenness of heat stress. The acclimation to heat stress afforded by a gradual increase to high temperature can mitigate the effects of heat stress on fractional protein accumulation, and consequently grain protein composition at maturity. Furthermore, the ability of wheat to acclimate to high temperature varies between genotypes, and this needs to be taken into account when selecting for heat tolerance.


The authors have obtained the formulas to calculate the parameters of railguns at periodic nonsinusoidal current. Such parameters as the average effective magnetic density of current pulse in the space between the railgun tires, the equivalent inductance and resistance, the average temperature of tires at their adiabatic heating as well as the average mechanical tension in tires were determined. At current pulse relative duration at constant average increase of tire temperature the current amplitude, the mechanical tension in tires, the body peak velocity increase at decrease of current pulse amount and their repetition frequency. In order to produce the railgun tires the chrome bronze may be applied instead of the beryllium one. The chrome bronze is less strong but cheaper and more processable; it possesses higher specific conductivity that increases the efficiency of energy conversion by the railgun.


The paper presents the parameters that influence th e length and shape of the abrasive grain path at tr averse superfinishing. Starting technological parameters o f the superfinshing process are mathematical modell ed the equations which show the trajectory of to the abrasive grain on the workpiece surface during the superfinishing machining for two types of the reciprocationg motions of the tool system:on with low frequency for roughing and oth er with high frequency for finishing. The final equations of the grain trajectory are dependent of the machining pa rameters and constructive characteristics of abrasive tool.


It is shown that geometrical damages resulting from electrotransport in passivated Al stripes can easily be observed, with a resolution of a few nanometers, by means of an interferometric optical set allowing for sequential recordings in processing.


The eight elements Mn,As,Pb,Cr,Mg,Fe,Cu,Zn of trollius tea were extracted based on traditional analytical flow chart program,and extracting solution of trollius tea was separated into water-soluble state and suspension state by micro porous filtering film.The primary speciation of trace elements were determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry(ICP-AES).The extractive rates of the elements were in the range of 17.2%—72.3%.The ratio of water-soluble state in aqueous solution of Trollius tea was in the range of 67.4%—98.6%.


In this paper we concern ourself with the question, whether there exists a fix-free code for a given sequence of codeword lengths. We focus mostly on results which shows the $\frac{3 }{ 4}$-conjecture for special kinds of lengths sequences.


In this paper, we first reviewed different kinds of vehicle detection methods and pointed out that the video based detection technique is the most advantageous method. Then we introduced several of video based vehicle detection algorithms in detail and compared their performance. Finally, the difficulties and development trends of the video based vehicle detection algorithm research were presented.


This study is concerned with the non-dimensional relationships for the bank-full channel characteristics as well as dimensionless tractive force for stable channel of gravel and sand bed alluvial rivers. The condition proposed by the author for stable channels, that satisfies rational regime relations, is verified with use of selected existing data of natural Japanese and overseas rivers, so that such relationship as α = KI -1/3 is identified and the value of K is estimated from these data. Then, the obtained non-dimensional relationships along with the estimated K -value are tested against existing data of Japanese and overseas natural rivers, laboratory experimental data as well as three natural Japanese A-class rivers in Kyushu. The relationships are found to well predict all these data.


When youth with diabetes transition from pediatric to adult diabetes care, they are at high risk for loss to follow up and worsening glucose control. We aimed to gain insight on how to improve the transition of youth with type 1 diabetes from pediatric to adult diabetes care from the patients' and parents' perspective.


The purpose of this paper is to present the application of an electronic circuit simulation software as a complementary tool that helps the students to better understand the theory and functioning of electronic circuits in a massive open online course (MOOC). It investigates the impact of integrating various learning activities using circuits simulation software along the course content to measure the perceived usefulness of this technique, and results obtained in terms of engagement, the degree of satisfaction, knowledge and skills acquisition in this discipline after their completion. Nowadays, the use of computer simulation is an essential tool for explaining electronics, it allows to illustrate theory lessons by visualizing the behavior of electronic components, power supplies and measuring instruments in a quick and easy way to understand. It is the simplest and fastest way to check the operation of a circuit, it does not need any type of additional material for the assembly of a circuit or to measure the results. This study outlines the design and development of various activities in a MOOC, that were created to help students overcome the difficulties that arise in the learning of electrical circuits, improving students' learning experience and increasing the completion rate. This work presents in detail the advantages of using simulators and the conceptual framework based on aspects of constructivism that favor the use of this type of activities in MOOCs. This study analyzed data obtained from edX course "Introduction to electrical circuits" developed in early 2018 by a group of professors of the faculty of computer science and the department of research and development (GES) of Galileo University. The data set consisted of a pre and post-course survey, solution laboratories submission, and participant ́s demographic information. Although MOOCs provide a platform for learning in a highly scalable and flexible manner, the results show that students perceive a real benefit in the construction of knowledge when using a circuit simulation software, as well as, a high degree of satisfaction when performing learning activities that really challenge their minds and gives them the opportunity to practice and experiment by them the theory. Overall students' learning experience is improved in a significant way, it makes a clear difference for all those students who wish to learn and want to get better in their academic and professional performance.


This study was conducted in order to compare the antioxidant potential and phenolic compounds of five variety and 10 genotypes of Vigna radiata L. in which DPPH method and the calculation of the IC50 coefficient were used to check for antioxidant potential and Folin-Ceocalteu method to measure phenolic compounds.Flowers and legumes were harvested kept in the FAA and then in the alcohol 70%. After the preparation and formation in the paraffin, samples were cut up by microtome. Staining was done with eosin – hematoxylin and the structure of grain shell was seen. Results showed a strong correlation (R2 >0.9) between the percentage of inhibition of DPPH and concentrations of each extract; so that lower IC50 represents more inhibition of DPPH (genotype CO3) and vice versa. The existence of phenolic compounds in the extracts is a factor to increase the antioxidant potential .The shell color is also effective in increased antioxidant potential. Also to see macrosclereids with the fat infrastructure in the seed shell structure can be a reason for the existence of phenolic compounds in the shell. Finally, it can be said that the antioxidant potential and phenolic compounds in the cultivars and varieties of a genus and family are different.


This is the first research to show that 3‐chloro‐1,2‐propanediol (3‐MCPD) was formed upon the action of 0.1% pancreatin at the early stage of soy sauce fermentation with Aspergillus oryzae and mixtures of soy flakes and wheat flour. A series of experiments were then performed to gain insight into such 3‐MCPD formation. Results showed that adding 0.1% pancreatin causes slightly decreased reducing sugar content but significantly increased 3‐MCPD, without significant changes in amino nitrogen, total nitrogen, and total acid contents. 3‐MCPD was formed by the action of different exogenous lipases (pancreatic phospholipase, Candida antarctica lipase B [CALB], and phospholipase A2). Further, soybean oil (not lecithin) could facilitate the 3‐MCPD formation upon the action of CALB, phospholipase A2, and pancreatic lipase due to the substrate specificity. Without adding such enzymes, all soy sauce koji with soybean oil had detectable 3‐MCPD, indicating that lipase may bind to the substrate via covalent bonding and chloride ions exert nucleophilic attack to form 3‐MCPD esters (which were hydrolyzed to release 3‐MCPD). Further studies are required to clarify precise mechanisms underlying the 3‐MCPD formation in the presence of exogenous lipase especially phospholipases. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: To avoid the prevalence of 3‐MCPD brewing in soy sauce, this manuscript gives the theoretical basis.


The history of the rise and diffusion of the merit principle in American government is common lore to students of public administration and political science. Several descriptive accounts notwithstanding, scholars have ignored an intriguing puzzle vis-a-vis state merit adoptions: Why did some states adopt merit systems early in the twentieth century while other states followed suit decades later, and then only when they were forced to do so by the federal government? When we analyze state merit adoptions that occurred between 1900 and 1939 we find nationwide and state-specific demographic, economic, structural, and political factors—for example, growth in patronage constituencies; the use of the Australian ballot; political party competition; dwindling patronage resources post-Pendleton; and the onset of the Great Depression—that shifted politicians' preferences for the merit principle rather than patronage. Our research thus breaks sharply with the extant literature by emphasizing the political undercurrents of merit reform.


We attacked the problem of solving crossword puzzles by computer: given a set of clues and a crossword grid, try to maximize the number of words correctly lled in. After an analysis of a large collection of puzzles, we decided to use an open architecture in which independent programs specialize in solving speciic types of clues, drawing on ideas from information retrieval, database search, and machine learning. Each expert module generates a (possibly empty) candidate list for each clue, and the lists are merged together and placed into the grid by a centralized solver. We used a probabilistic representation throughout the system as a common interchange language between subsystems and to drive the search for an optimal solution. Proverb, the complete system, averages 95.3% words correct and 98.1% letters correct in under 15 minutes per puzzle on a sample of 370 puzzles taken from the New York Times and several other puzzle sources. This corresponds to missing roughly 3 words or 4 letters on a daily 15 15 puzzle, making Proverb a better-than-average cruciverbalist (crossword solver).


Effective use of immunosuppressive agents to avoid the occurrence of nephrotoxicity and rejection in recipients with delayed graft function (DGF) is a concern for physicians. We investigated the outcomes of treatment with enteric-coated mycophenolate sodium (EC-MPS) in combination with a low-dose of tacrolimus (Tac) in renal transplantation for recipients with a high risk of DGF. We conducted a retrospective study of 61 recipients with a high risk of DGF who were treated with EC-MPS and low-dose Tac. The recipients were separated into a no-DGF group and a DGF group, based on whether DGF actually occurred. The results showed that although EC-MPS and Tac doses were similar in both groups, the percentage of recipients whose mycophenolic acid area under the curve 0–12 h (MPA-AUC0–12 h) was below 30 (mg·h)/L was significantly higher and the Tac trough concentration significantly lower in the DGF group one week after transplantation. Notably, a higher incidence of biopsy-proven acute rejection (BPAR) was found in the DGF group and among all recipients whose MPA-AUC0–12 h was less than 30 (mg·h)/L at one week after transplantation. One-year graft survival, patient survival, allograft function, and the incidence of the most common adverse events were similar in the two groups. In conclusion, the immunosuppressive regime is applicable to Chinese kidney transplant recipients, and early low exposure to EC-MPS was related to acute rejection in the recipients at a high risk of DGF.摘要目的分析心脏死亡供体(DCD)肾移植中移植物功能延迟恢复(DGF)高风险受者应用米芙(EC-MPS) 联合低剂量他克莫司治疗术后1年的有效性及安全性,指导临床用药。创新点对比DGF 高风险受者术后发生DGF 及正常恢复受者的免疫抑制剂药代动力学特征。方法将本中心进行肾移植的61 例DGF 高风险受者按照实际病情纳入DGF 组及正常恢复组,均行米芙联合低剂量他克莫司免疫抑制治疗。对比两组免疫抑制剂血药浓度及预后各项指标。结论DGF 组及正常恢复组间米芙及他克莫司剂量无显著差异。术后1 周DGF 组EC-MPS 血药浓度曲线下面积小于30 (mg·h)/L 的比率显著高于正常恢复组,同时他克莫司谷浓度显著低于正常恢复 组,DGF 组经活检证实的急排反应的发生率显著 高于正常恢复组,术后1 周的EC-MPS 血药浓度曲线下面积低于30 (mg·h)/L 的受者中经活检证实的急排反应的发生率显著高于其他受者。1 年移植物存活率、移植物功能及常见不良反应在两 组间未见明显差异。


The present invention provides a power supply source is provided regardless of the position of the power supply to the crane the crane cable reel device. Comprising: a cable reel (35), the winding guide is provided from the supply tank to the ground supply cable (33); a connector, the cable is wound from the reel (35) of the power cable (33 ) using the power supply side of the crane; gantry connection (51), mounting the cable reel (35) and the connector and detachable with respect to the crane. Formed in connection with the gantry (51) has outwardly projecting beam (13) can be inserted into an opening (59) from the leg (11) to the crane traveling direction.


This paper investigates the transmission design problem in a class of two-user interference networks where each source sends two types of delay-sensitive message to its destination. The first type is generated periodically with a fixed rate and is desired to be delivered immediately with sufficiently high reliability. The second type, generated randomly, can be placed in queues but the average queueing delay should be finite. Each user applies point-to-point Gaussian random codes to transmit information, using constrained instantaneous and average powers. We utilise the Lyapunov optimisation theory to construct a cross-layer transmission strategy, which can adapt to both the channel state information (CSI) at the physical layer and the queue state information at the media access control layer. Our results show that the proposed strategy can achieve a better tradeoff among power consumption, transmission reliability, and queueing delay, compared with the conventional CSI-based transmission design.


The mechanism of build-up of radial oscillations of the electron beam in a high-current linear accelerator has been investigated. The calculation was based on an examination of the properties of hybrid non-symrnetric waves in a retarding accelerator structure and on a study of the excitation of these waves by the electron beam. The dynamics of the electrons in the field of the non-symmetric wave excited by the beam of particles was also studied. It is shown that the amplitude of the radial displacement away from the axis increases virtually exponentially as a function of the injectin time provided one neglects the damping of the field in the retarding structure. The effect of this damping on the dynamics of the radial motion of the particles is estimated.


Air pollution not only affects people's health, but also affects global climate change.Air pollutants mainly include sulfur dioxide,dust and smoke.In recent years,problem of air pollution has drawn wide attention from the whole society.Measures such as strengthening people's consciousness,supervising environment,changing energy structure should be taken to improve the situation.


A wide range of aryltetralin lignans and glycosides having cytotoxic and/or antitumour activity has been isolated from Indian Podophyllum (Podophyllum hexandrum, syn emodi), American Podophyllum (r. peltatum) and other species (Hartwell and Schrecker 1958; Cole and Wiedkopi 1978). Further examination of the nonglycosidic fraction of z. hexandrum root extract has resulted in the isolation of the cytotoxic lignans desoxypodophyllotoxin (I) and podophyllotoxone (2) as well as the previously reported podophyllotoxin (3) and 4'-demethylpodophyllotoxin (4). Podophyllotoxone has been known synthetically for several years, but has not previously been reported as a natural product. Traces of the less cytotoxic C-3 epimer of (2) (isopicropodophyllone) were also isolated, but this compound may be an artefact since (2) rapidly isomerizes on heating. Podophyllotoxone and isopicropodophyllone are also present in z. peltatum root.


The Internet of Things (IoT) is an approach that arose as an alternative to handle billions of digital devices, people and services of the real-world which are interconnected over Internet. In this paper, we present a comprehensive survey where main paradigms associated with IoT -Internet of Services (IoS), Internet of People (IoP), Internet of Content (IoC) and the emerging Internet of Agents (IoA)- are outlined. We analyze these paradigms in terms of their definition, scope, goals and their correlation with the IoT in order to identify the main challenges that will involve to the next generation of the IoT applying a process of agentification to achieve more autonomous, collaborative and intelligent IoT systems.


Trigeminal Neuralgia  (TN)  is  a neuropathic,  stabbing  recurrent  episode of pain within the distribution of one or more branches of the trigeminalnerve affecting  the  face.Trigeminal  neuralgia  is  idiopathicin  50%of  the  patients leading to focal demyelination andaberrantneuraldischarge. Treatment must be  individualized to each patient. Carbamazepine remains the drug of choice and the first‐line treatment of TN but ineffective in 60%. Minimally  invasive  interventional  pain  therapies  and  surgery  are  possible options when drug therapy fails. Patients with poor surgical risk may be more suitable for other types of interventional therapy. A case of idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia in a 49 years old female, presented with a 20 years history of severe lancinating intermittent pain, not relived by oral medications.  In  our  case we will  discuss  the  role  of  radiofrequency therapy in combination with alcohol ablation for this chronic pain and follow up for 1 year duration. Date Submitted:26.5.2014 Date Accepted:14.10.2014 Address for Correspondence: Dr. Zinah Majid Mnati E-mail: email@example.com .


In order to avoid difficulties in collecting fly ash of high resistivity, the charging and collection processes can be separated and accomplished in two different stages. Such a device is known as two-stage electrostatic precipitator and can be used to avoid back-corona discharge, when the dust of high resistivity is to be removed. In this paper, the alternating electric field charger is proposed and tested for the first time as the charging stage in a twostage electrostatic precipitator. The particles are charged by an ionic current in an alternating electric field, and the charge imparted to the particles is close to the Pauthenier limit. The precipitation stage was made of a set of five parallel plates, two of which were maintained at high potential and the remainder were grounded. The schematic diagram of the tested laboratory model of the precipitator is shown in Figure. The experimental investigation of this precipitator has lead to the conclusion, that the cohesive forces play the fundamental role in two-stage electrostatic precipitators. For dust of high cohesiveness (MgO) the collection efficiency is very high and only seldom re-entraining particles were observed. For particles of low cohesiveness (fly ash) strong re-entrainment was recorded, which was mainly caused by electrical forces in the collection stage. A two-stage ESP can be effective only, if the cohesiveness of the dust is sufficiently large.


The presence of ammonia in tobacco is an important factor for the absorption of nicotine, and for product taste. The determination of ammonia in tobacco is usually performed by ion chromatography with conductivity detection devices.
Here a new method is presented to measure the concentration of ammonia in tobacco based on an automated enzymatic method. This method is easy to perform and can be used on routine clinical analyzers. The enzymatic ammonia determination showed an intra-assay and inter-assay variation of 4-7 and 5-8%, respectively as determined with 3 brands of cigarettes. A comparison with the established HPLC-IC method gave similar results with respect to both concentrations in cigarettes and the reproducibility of the method. In one working day 50-60 samples of cigarettes or tobacco can be processed and analyzed.


Objectives: An outbreak of dermatosis occurred at a city gas manufacturing factory in Pohang in Aug, 1998. The authors conducted a study to find the cause and prevent the dermatosis, Methods: We conducted a questionnaire survey of 73 workers in the factory twice, once or Aug. 14th and then Sept. 11th, 1998. Also, a dermatologist examined their skin lesions. We suspected ants as the cause, so we collected them for identification. Results: Twelve cases of dermatosis were identified with an attack rate of 16.4%. The attack rates were not different by age, educational level or tenures. The attack rates were 66.6% among production workers, 2.0% among clerical workers, 16.7% among tank trailer drivers and 0% among guards. The attack rate among production workers was significantly higher than that of the others (


FIELD: oil and gas industry. SUBSTANCE: in method for manufacturing of high-silica ceramic proppant for shale gas production that includes grinding of charge material, formation and roasting of granules grinding is made in the following sequence - at first dry grinding and then wet grinding with addition of water-soluble polymer binding agent and 0.3-3.0 % by weight of water soluble salt of mineral acid capable of forming crystalline hydrate, which molecule holds up at least 6 water molecules with dehydrating temperature not less than 100°C; in the capacity of liquefier and plasticiser liquid glass is used in quantity of 0.5-3.5 % by weight respectively and low-molecular polyalkylgeneglycol in quantity of 0.005-0.03 % by weight with production of ceramic slurry with moisture content of 25-30 % by weight, flowability of 100 mm at least and temperature of 40-60°C; granules are shaped by dispergation of produced ceramic slurry through at least one metering orifice into water solution of fixative agent which forms water insoluble compound with the above binding agent, with use of side or axial vibration impact on laminar flow during dispergation with subsequent drying and roasting of granules. EFFECT: reducing bulk specific gravity of proppant at increase of proppant pack permeability and retention of high durability of proppant. 2 cl, 4 ex, 2 tbl, 3 dwg


Within the task of Recognizing Textual Entailment, various existing work has proposed the idea that tackling specific subtypes of entailment could be more productive than taking a generic approach to entailment. In this paper we look at one such subtype, where the entailment involves hypernymy relations, often found in Question Answering tasks. We investigate current work on hypernymy acquisition, and show that adapting one such approach leads to a marked improvement in entailment classification accuracy.


This study examined the influence offamily-responsive variables and the moderating influence of gender on the retention-relevant outcomes of organizational commitment and turnover intentions. Data were obtained with the aid of structured questionnaires from employed parents (N = 228) in a human service authority in Hong Kong. Results of regression analysis revealed that satisfaction with work schedule flexibility and supervisor work family support were related to both retention-relevant outcomes. Contrary to our prediction, gender did not moderate the influence of any of the family-responsive variables on the retention-relevant outcomes. Limitations of the study, directions for future research and implications of the findings for enhancing the effectiveness of family-responsive human resource policies are discussed.


A multi-modal information fusion technique integrating the closed caption, anchor's speech, and visual information for TV news video classification is presented. By recognizing closed-caption characters from video, phrases of single- and double-character are found for classification. On the other hand, content of the anchor's speech signal is not recognized, but instead, labeled with pre-trained cluster means by using a level-building DP (dynamic programming) algorithm. Visual information, including the color and motion features, is extracted from the news footage part for classification. The above three information is individually classified by using statistical relevance factor (RF) or SVM (support vector machine) technique, amounting to 7 different classifiers. Results of multiple classifiers are then combined to get fused outputs by using a modified Bayesian technique. Experiments show that the proposed fusion system is capable of increasing the classification rate by 14% with respect to the best single-modal system. Our Bayesian fusion rule also outperforms the best product rule presented in J. Kittler, et al (1998) by 3%.


Using the idea of shape invariance with respect to the main quantum number n, we represent Lie algebras u(2) and u(1, 1). The induced metric by the Casimir operator of Lie algebras u(2) and u(1, 1) leads us to obtain new solutions of the Dirac equation corresponding to a spin-½ charged particle on the 2D sphere S2 and the hyperbolic plane H2 in the presence of a magnetic monopole. It is shown that the related new spinors represent the supersymmetry algebra, and that they satisfy shape invariance equations with respect to n.


Utilizing a grounded theory approach to understand the issues surrounding teachers' performance appraisal, the researchers investigate the principals' understanding of the Integrated Quality Management System (IQMS) and also explore the problems and flaws in its implementation. A purposive sampling procedure was used to select six school principals from three education regions in KwaZulu-Natal for the study. The results of the data analysis indicate that the implementation of the IQMS at schools has not been smooth. There has been a lot of hostility, negativity and resistance from the teachers that were appraised. The challenges that the principals were faced with, emanated from the lack of coordination, lack of trust, lack of clarity of roles and poor training. It is recommended that trust and better understanding be built between principals and teachers through information-sharing seminars and workshops, and regular feedback from the education officials.


Abstract : This report presents an overview of Carnegie Mellon University's (CMU) program of research at the Digital Mapping Laboratory in the general area of the automated analysis of remotely sensed imagery. We report progress in the areas of digital photogrammetry, automatic building extraction, stereo analysis, multispectral image analysis, virtual world construction, and knowledge-based systems for scene interpretation.


Ethephon was tested as a fruit thinning agent for mandarins in three experiments in the Central Burnett district of Queensland. Ethephon at concentrations between 200 and 300 ppm successfully thinned fruit on the Glen Retreat cultivar. However, the excessive leaf fall that occurred at 300 ppm indicates some risk. Therefore, further experiments are desirable to confirm its commercial potential. The Imperial cultivar was thinned by ethephon at concentrations within a range of 200 ppm to 500 ppm without excessive leaf fall. A concentration of 250 ppm is suggested for commercial use. Ethephon was most effective when applied before the completion of the natural period of fruit drop in November/December.


The global path planning problem is very challenging NP-complete problem in the domain of robotics. Many metaheuristic approaches have been developed up to date, to provide an optimal solution to this problem. This book presents a novel Quad-Harmony Search (QHS) algorithm based on Quad-tree free space decomposition methodology and Harmony Search optimization.


Objective:To verify the hematopoietic function of placenta and explore the relationship between gestational age and the level of several kinds of hematopoietic growth factors(HGFs).Method:2 g chorionic tissue was collected from early, middle and late pregnancy stage placenta respectively. 30 cases were studied at each stage. Chorionic tissue was washed by normal saline(NS) and made into homogenate.Then the same volume of NS was added. After centrifugation, supernatant was extracted and HGFs were measured.Result:At the beginning of pregnancy, various HGFs could be found in chorionic tissue. The level of FL-T3, IL-3 was low during the early pregnancy. However, it increased with gestational age, especially in the late pregnancy phase. It is suggested that hematopoietic action intensified with gestational age. The level of SCF and IL-6 also increased with gestational age, there existed significant difference. The level of EPO was the highest in the late pregnancy phase. It showed that erythropoietic factor acted as a main element during this phase. The level of TPO and G-CSF didn't change significantly at different pregnancy stage.Conclusion:The several kinds of HGFs we investigated played a positive effect in the hematopoietic function of placenta. Among them, FL-T3, IL-3,SCFand IL-6 were more important.


CRM has usually been associated to business contexts. However, it has recently been pointed out that its principles and applications are also very appropriate for non-profit making organizations. In this paper, we defend the broadening of the field of application of CRM from the business domain to a wider context of relationships in which the inclusion of non-profit making organizations seems natural. In particular, we focus on analyzing the suitability of adopting CRM processes by universities and higher educational institutions dedicated to e-learning. This is an issue that, in our opinion, has much potential but has received little attention in research so far. Our work reflects upon this matter and provides a new step towards a CRM solution for managing relationships of specific customers, such as students. Indeed, the main contribution of this paper is specifically characterized by the proposal and empirical application of an emonitoring system that aims to enhance the performance of relationships in e-learning environments.


The purpose of this study was to determine whether pro-bullying attitudes mediate the relation between affective and cognitive empathy and a student's willingness to intervene in support of a bullied peer. Participants were 764 early adolescents (372 boys, 392 girls) from the Illinois Study of Bullying and Sexual Violence (ISBSV). As predicted, pro-bullying attitudes successfully mediated the prospective relation between affective empathy and bystander intervention but failed to mediate the relation between cognitive empathy and bystander intervention. These results indicate that affective empathy may promote bystander willingness to intervene on behalf of a bullied peer by inhibiting pro-bullying attitudes. Intervention strategies designed to enhance affective empathy and challenge pro-bullying attitudes in bystanders may be of assistance in reducing bullying behavior.


Aim: To identify the reasons for the fostering of children, and to describe their feeding practices and assess their health and nutritional status. Methods: Forty‐six pairs of mothers and their young foster children (up to 24 mo of age) were interviewed in a cross‐sectional study in the urban slums of Dhaka, Bangladesh. Another 82 pairs of mothers and their biological children of a similar age group were interviewed for comparison. Results: Sixty‐five percent of the children were fostered because of the death of their biological mothers. Eighty‐three percent of the biological mothers died because of complications during delivery or the immediate postpartum period and the remainder died after the postpartum period of diseases unrelated to their pregnancies. More than half (52%) of the foster mothers were childless and a quarter (24%) fostered children for reasons of gender preference. Almost a quarter (24%) of the children were placed in foster homes because of extreme parental poverty. Divorce or separation of the biological parents accounted for only 7% of children fostered. Approximately 90% of the foster children were given animal and/or formula milk in their first month of life while all children in the comparison group were given breast milk. Among the foster children, 58% were given semisolid or solid food before completion of 4 mo compared with 14% in the comparison group. Significantly more children in the foster group suffered from diarrhoea and acute respiratory infection than in the comparison group.


The importance, the role and the spread of Hausa language in Northern Nigeria, Southern Niger, Northern Cameroun and Northern Ghana cannot be overemphasised. Also the presence and predominance of Hausa language and its speakers are manifest in many other African countries. No wonder, citing Muhammad et al (2001) in Janiu, et al Hausa language ranks as one of the major world languages. According to Philips (1993: 13) Hausa people have every right to be considered a civilized nation, because, according to him they have their language transformed to writing which they used in teaching their children. Today, Hausa language is undoubtfully and indisputably the lingua franca of the present Northern Nigeria comprising nineteen states except Kwara and Kogi with large size of Yoruba native speakers who are always conscious of their Yoruba origin. Based on the facts above, emphasis would be laid on Hausa language and insecurity in Nigeria considering the fact that a large percentage of the current cases of insecurity such as Boko Haram insurgency, cow rustling, banditary, kidnapping and several other social malaise do often take place in the North East, North West and North central where Hausa is their major language and lingua franca despite the fact that native speakers of at least two hundred other linguistic groups dwell and live together with Hausa native speakers even the Fulani who dominate them socially, culturally and politically speak Hausa language.


The utility model discloses a medical self-adhesion elastic bandage, comprising an elastic galloon layer and an adhesive layer; the surface of the elastic galloon layer appears longitudinal-ripple-shaped, and the adhesive layer is applied to the outer surface of the ripple shape of the elastic galloon layer. The body of the elastic galloon layer is ordinary gauge, elastic fiber silk is woven along the length direction of the gauze, and the length of the elastic fiber silk in a state of looseness is smaller than the length of the longitudinal yarn of the galloon. Thus influenced by the fiber silk, the surface of the galloon layer appears longitudinal-ripple-shaped. In use, the medical self-adhesion elastic bandage is pulled tight, so that only the wave crests of the ripples of the galloon layer are painted with adhesives, while other places are without adhesives, and therefore the medical self-adhesion elastic bandage has good air penetrability. In addition, the medical self-adhesion elastic bandage has the adhesive property, so that the purpose of fixing can be achieved without repeated winds with effort, and thus, the wind force can be easily controlled; the dressing outside the wound can be fixed, and the blood circulation of the wound is not affected.


The present invention relates to a kind of preparation and application thereof of RAFT reagent; This reagent is the alkyl trithiocarbonic acid cumyl ester with lower structural formula, and wherein R is the alkyl of 2-12 carbon


Brands are generally considered among the most valuable intangible assets that a firm can have which means that investment to manage those brands is a high priority for top management (Keller and Lehmann 2006). As a response to the worldwide economic crisis, many firms are cutting back on their brand building investments. The important question is whether or not this decision is best for the firm. Reducing brand investments will reduce costs, but it could reduce brand outcomes, too. Taken together, these two countervailing effects may result in either higher or lower returns on branding, and the questions of which will result and why are difficult to answer.


Active continental margins are the Earth's principal regions of active deformation and significant earthquake hazard. We apply the enhanced method called Scan Synthetic Aperture Radar (ScanSAR) interferometry to quantify active surface deformation in the coastal region of the South American active margin in central Chile between 22° S and 27° S. Here, as in other active margin settings, crustal deformation may reach far inland and affects hundreds of square kilometer wide areas. The "normal" ENVISAT ASAR Strip-Mode covers a 100km wide stripe and will therefore not be sufficient for such deformation study. We use the ENVISAT ASAR Wide Swath (WS) data that cover in generally an area of 400x400km². Because of this we investigate the potential of WS data to monitor such wide-stretched surface displacement. Therewith a high spatiotemporal surface deformation monitoring in active margin settings can be given.


One aspect of the invention relates to the determination of satellite time at a network of stations including at least one station. The satellites of a constellation of navigation satellites each transmit at least one first radionavigation signal on a first frequency and a second radionavigation signal on a second frequency different from the first. Each station from which a satellite is visible performs code and phase measurements for each of the two signals from the satellite in question and deduces a gross value of the wide-lane ambiguity. then determined at the reference network, based on this gross value of the wide-lane ambiguity, an internal delay of the satellite and an integer value of the wide-lane ambiguity. The measurements of code and phase measurements are not differentiated between stations or satellites.


Background:  Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is the surgical procedure of choice for symptomatic cholelithiasis due to the improved postoperative course, but patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy during the first 24 hours postoperatively complaints of pain. This study was designed to study the efficacy of intraperitoneal bupivacaine in reducing the initial postoperative pain and also to evaluate the postoperative shoulder tip pain, nausea and vomiting. Methods: Patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy were randomized into two groups the, study group received intraperitoneal bupivacaine 100mg at the end of the procedure and the control group received intraperitoneal saline. Post operatively patients were assessed for pulse rate, blood pressure, VAS, VRS, shoulder pain and nausea and vomiting at 0, 2, 6 and 24 hours. Results:  Among the 50 patients studied, our study proved that there is no statistical significant reduction in pain with intraperitoneal bupivacaine. The VAS at 0, 2, 6 and 24 hours calculated with non-significant p-value of 0.85,0.29, 0.72 and 0.64 respectively and the VRS had p-value of 0.16, 0.08, 0.59 and 0.46 respectively and the doses of rescue analgesia consumed had p value of 0 .67, 0.61 and 0.70 which were not significant statistically. Conclusions:  Instillation of 100mg bupivacaine did not significantly reduce the need for tramadol compared with saline.


Mining hydraulic lifting device remote control electro-hydraulic control system, the development of handheld wireless remote control, to achieve single-action lifting device remote control, automatic control, information display. Describes the hardware design and system software, remote control of the system design.


EnglishConsidering subject analysis as one of the theoretical dimensions of the subject approach to information (Guimaraes, 2008, 2009), we aim to identify, in the Brazilian subject analysis scientific production, the dialogical relations established between these re-searchers and the theoretical influences that guide the scientific production of these authors. We con-ducted a historical and theoretical-conceptual analysis of subject analysis and a domain analysis, in its epistemological and bibliometric approaches (Hjorland, 2002). We worked with the corpus of journal publica-tions by researchers whose lattes curricula present an incidence higher than 20% of the terms document analysis, documental reading, documentary conden-sation, documentary representation, document language, document languages (in Portuguese); then we analyzed the most productive authors and institu-tions, co-authorships, the most used journals for the dissemination of this production and, and using the software Pajek, co-authorship and citation (citing / cited) network to check the theoretical influences that guide this scientific production. portuguesConsiderando a analise documental – AD - como dimensao teorica do tratamento tematico da informa-cao - TTI (Guimaraes, 2008, 2009), com forte desenvolvimento no Brasil, objetivou-se identificar e analisar, na producao cientifica brasileira em AD, quais as relacoes dialogicas estabelecidas entre os autores assim como os referentes teoricos norteadores dessa producao. Para tanto, desenvolve-se um resgate historico e teorico-conceitual de AD e uma analise de dominio, nas dimensoes epistemologicas e bibliometricas (Hjorland, 2002). Tendo como corpus a producao cientifica periodica dos pesquisadores cujo curriculo Lattes apresenta incidencia superior a 20% dos termos analise documental / analise documentaria, leitura documental / leitura documentaria, condensa-cao documental / condensacao documentaria, representacao documental / representacao documentaria, linguagem documental / linguagem documentaria e linguagens documentais / linguagens documentarias, analisam-se os autores e instituicoes mais produtivos, as coautorias, os periodicos mais utilizados para publicacao e elaboram-se redes de coautoria e de citacao, para verificar os referentes teoricos que nor-teiam essa producao cientifica.


This study aims to produce a product in the form of a learning device with a model discovery learning on momentum and impulse material. This type of research used in this study is a research and development with a research model that was developed is the model 4D comprising the steps of define, the design, development, and Disseminate. Development is carried out until the limited trial stage by conducting validation trials up to the development stage and no distribution is carried out. The tools developed were syllabus, lesson plan, student worksheet, and test instruments on momentum and impulse materials. The results of the research are based on the data obtained and the results of the data analysis show that the results of the development of learning tools have a fairly valid value, this indicates that the physics learning tools using model's discovery learning on momentum and impulse materials are feasible to used.


Retractable roofs protect crops against excessive heat, cold, frost, hail, wind, diseases and pests. The roof creates an environment with a constant temperature and humidity level, making it possible for a farmer to extend the growing season,and increase profitability/ha. According to Richard Vollebregt, president of Cravo Equipment, a Canadian company that manufacturers retractable greenhouse roofs and production systems, retractable roof technology has been adopted in the US, Mexico, Chile, Nigeria and South Africa. "Annually, South Africa experiences 5 658 hours (65%)of ideal outdoor growing conditions," Vollebregt said. This means that farmers lose out on 3 012 (35%) potential growing hours each year, which could be used to increase production.


Several approaches for the precision control of micro-scale positioning mechanisms, or MEMS nanopositioners, are presented along with initial experimental results which demonstrate nano-scale positioning resolution. The MEMS nanopositioners discussed in this paper are novel precision mechanisms comprised of a bent-beam thermal actuator and a flexure mechanism for each degree of freedom (DOF). These mechanisms can be used for a host of ultra-precision positioning applications, including nanomanipulation, scanning probe microscopy, high-density data storage and beam steering arrays. Concentrating on a 1 DOF MEMS nanopositioner, empirical static and dynamic models have been derived using characterization data obtained from experiments with optical and laser probe microscopes. Based on these models, three control approaches have been developed: 1) a quasi-static nonlinear open-loop controller, 2) a nonlinear forward compensator, and 3) a nonlinear PI controller. Simulation and initial experimental results are presented, and the benefits of each of these approaches are discussed.Copyright © 2006 by ASME


The feminist, esthetic, cooperative inquiry described in this article is the first longitudinal study to trace the development of scholarly identity in a group of mid-life women participants during their doctoral years. This 18-month project involved an experiential workshop and four reunions shaped around the metaphor of the hero's journey grounded in feminist pedagogy and expressive methods. Entering doctoral programs with voices made tenuous by life events characteristic of mid-life, participants' scholarly development was intimately linked with their recovery of personal voice and the development of an authentic sense of self. Expressive methods as well as group support were integral to participants developing a scholarly identity that manifested itself in passionate dissertation scholarship. This suggests that participants' scholarly identity development transcended the intellectual and involved psychological, emotional, and spiritual dimensions. Based on these findings, doctoral educators are encouraged to create experiences that offer mid-life women opportunities to reflect on their doctoral journeys within a community of scholarly caring through the creative mediums of metaphor; esthetic, expressive representation; and dialogue.


In contemporary society,products are not only the carriers of function,they are also given more significance.People's spiritual needs are becoming stranger and stronger.On the basis of usefulness and ease,the goal of design is to constantly improve its psychological effects to resonate with consumers'emotional demands.Through the study of emotional factors on product design,the positive and negative impacts of emotional response caused by stimuli in the design are analyzed.Then they are applied to the process of the emotional experience design.The paper draws the conclusion that the users will be affected positively when the emotional experience index of the design is relatively high.


Aroma is fundamental to a consumer's perception of coffee quality and critical to their acceptance or disproval of the final product. Aroma complexity is derived from a variety of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) which are perceived directly by the nose before consumption, by ortho-nasal olfaction, and during consumption, by retro-nasal olfaction. Some of these VOCs constitute the coffee "bouquet" while unwanted VOCs, the so-called "off flavors", cause bad aroma and lead to the consumer's reduced appreciation or rejection of the product. 2,4,6-Trichloroanisole (TCA) is a wellknown off-flavor VOC. Our perception of TCA is very powerful since humans can perceive extremely low concentrations of this compound. In water, TCA contamination of 1 ng/L – corresponding to one person out of all mammals living on earth – leads to a taint perception.


Rats receiving lethal whole-body irradiation were protected with allogeneic bone marrow grafts. In 37% of late survivors, a mild and atypical form of secondary disease occurred with marrow aplasia as the major manifestation. Marrow aplasia was associated with extensive damage to the sinusoidal microcirculation which coexisted with histologic evidence of a graft-versus-host reaction in the spleen. It is possible that immune damage to the microcirculation was the cause of the marrow aplasia. The transplantation of allogeneic bone marrow in irradiated animals may be complicated by marrow aplasia.


In recent years various researchers have proposed an optimal control approach for the rejection of turbulence-induced wavefront distortions in an AO system. The essential element in the design of an optimal controller is the choice for the turbulence model, which predicts the turbulence to compensate for the inherent delay in the AO control loop. In this paper various models as proposed in literature are considered; ranging from first order temporal models to high-order full spatialtemporal models. The various models are analyzed and the resulting 1-step ahead predictors are derived. The performance of the predictors are compared for a von Kármán type of turbulence with frozen flow propagation in and time-varying propagation directions.


We have developed an open hole log analysis procedure that permits semi-automatic analysis of wells in the Milk River formation in southeast Alberta and southwest Saskatchewan. The results include reservoir properties and a productivity estimate that can be used to aid in evaluation of shallow gas prospects in this area. Reservoir properties were calibrated to available core analysis and productivity was calibrated to actual initial production. The Milk River is a laminated shaly sand and is not amenable to conventional log analysis because of the way that logging tools average laminated rock properties. These sands are classic low-resistivity pay zones. There are a number of unconventional methods, three of which were tested in this project. Only one model proved to be useful. Various reservoir quality estimates were developed, such as net reservoir, pore volume, hydrocarbon pore volume, and flow capacity, as well as a few less well known parameters such as Hester's quality number and a productivity estimate developed by one of the authors. All of these estimators correlated with normalized 3-month initial production with an R-squared between 0.837 and 0.906. The laminated sand models do not distinguish water bearing from gas bearing zones very effectively, so hydrodynamics and geological mapping are used for this purpose. This is a reconnaissance log analysis model designed to assist in resource estimates of large pervasive reservoirs. When high grade targets are selected, more detailed work must be performed to refine each potential gas interval. Introduction For several years we have been developing custom built software, nicknamed LOGFUSION, to perform semi-automatic log analysis for large shallow gas and coal bed methane projects. Since several thousand wells are involved in each project, with up to 60 separate stratigraphic horizons, individual log analyses are not practical. All of these projects involved conventional dispersed shaly sands in southern and central Alberta. The log analysis model for each project is prototyped in a spreadsheet and calibrated to ground truth. The parameters and model are then hard coded into our LOGFUSION software. We have now extended this technique to include the laminated shaly sands of the Milk River formation in southeast Alberta and southwest Saskatchewan. The log analysis model is unique to this formation and no doubt will require re-calibration for other areas. A total of 28 wells were analyzed to prototype the models. Nine wells with a full log suite had considerable core data for calibrating log analysis porosity. Thirty additional wells had good core data, which was used to generate the porositypermeability transform. Seventeen wells (eight were cored) were selected that had a reasonable spread in 3-month initial production data and a full log suite. Nine of these were used to calibrate the log analysis results to production. The remaining 8 producing wells were used as test wells to see if "randomly" selected wells could be processed without changing the calibration parameters. An estimated productivity index was calculated for all wells and compared to actual production on the 17 wells with IP data. There is a remarkable correlation between actual and estimated productivity, but only when using one of the three laminated sand models and only when a full suite of logs was available. The correlation between estimated and actual production had a correlation coefficient (R-squared) of 0.906. Six other productivity indicators were tested, including a reservoir quality indicator proposed by Hester (1999), which gave R-squared values between 0.837 and 0.903. Average shale volume was also tested but the R-squared is only 0.296. The core analyses had a total of about 600 valid porosity – permeability pairs. These were crossplotted to obtain a permeability from porosity transform. The best fit regression equation was: 1. Perm = 10^(13.5 * PHIe – 2.10) An eyeball best fit line that seems to be appropriate is: 2. Perm = 10^(18.3 * PHIe – 3.00) The second equation was used in the analysis. The locations of all cored wells are shown on Figure 1. A graph of the data with both regression lines is shown in Figure 2. Continued on page 11... CANADIAN WELL LOGGING SOCIETY 11 L O G G I N G S O C I E T Y


Background: Shock is a very large and widespread condition in the ability of
circulation to deliver oxygen and other nutrients effectively (Fitria, 2010). The
assessment and implementation of shock should be done quickly (De Backer et al.,
2010). The primary survey with an Airway, Breathing, Circulation assessment is a
method for compiling and correcting rapidly the condition of vital organs that are
threatened (Wirjoatmodjo et al., 2013).
Method: This study used descriptive prospective method that experienced
resuscitation profile of technique to free the airway, oxygen administration
technique, the most fluid type, the most vasoactive drug type. This study will also
included sociodemography (sex and age) of patients.
Results: From 29 samples, 4 samples performed head tilt chin lift, jaw trust,
suction. In the oxygen delivery technique most common using O2 Jackson rees
(58.6%). Position of shock patient most common positioned in line (75.86%). The
type of fluid used is crystalloid, in patients with hemorrhagic shock (75%),
dehydration (100%), sepsis (100%), anafilaktik (100%). Neurogenic shock patients
use the same amount of crystalloids and colloids. The type of vasoactive agent used
was NE, in patients with bleeding shock (80%), cardiogenic (50%), sepsis (57.1%),
neurogenic (100%). In dehydrated a shock patients the same type of NE and
dopamine use is used, whereas anaphylactic shock uses adrenaline.
Conclusion: It can be concluded that until this resuscitation action is done in
patients with hemorrhagic shock due to bleeding and dehydration, cardiogenic, and
distributive in the resuscitation room of RSUD Dr. Soetomo Surabaya most in
accordance with existing resuscitation guidelines.


High-abitity and gifted students tend to benefit most from like-ability grouping, because the strategy provides them with the opportunity to access more advanced knowledge and skills and to practice deeper processing. Most likely, this access can be provided when instructors are not forced to divide their teaching energies and efforts among widely diverse tevels of ability and achievement.


When data on certain variables is not available for the construction of a building, generalized models are used to assess their heat consumption. However, buildings and their associated substations in the district heating (DH) network of a city have pretty different parameters. Therefore, an error up to 30% is achieved and moreover that type of assessing results into illogical conclusions. To deal with it, the feasibility and validity of the heat demand characteristics should be verified by a handheld thermal camera at the ground level. The primary way is to improve overall DH system efficiency by reducing distribution losses and ensuring correct supply and return temperatures, other ways are related to reduction of heat losses at a demand side.


An antimicrobial peptide producing bacterium, Bacillus subtilis A405, was screened and identified among 700 of antagonistic bacteria. The heat-resistant antimicrobial peptide, AMP-405, was purified from the broth culture of B. subtilis A405 through ammonium sulfate precipitation and ultrafiltration. The AMP-405 exhibited strong antimicrobial activities against Botrytis cinerea, Cercospora sp., Fusarium oxysporum, Penicillium digitatum, Celletotrichum gloeosporioides, Rhizoctonia solani, Pythium ultimum, Pyricularia oryzae, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas spp. and Candida albicans. The molecular weight of the peptide was about 3.0 kDa determined by SDS-PAGE, Native-PAGE and Tris-Tricine gradient electrophoresis, and composed of 9 kinds of amino acid such as aspartic acid, glycine, serine, glutamine, valine, leucine, isoleucine, proline, tyrocine. To determine the efficiency of AMP-405 as a potential maintenance of fruits freshness, cherry tomato was srored at for 2 weeks after treatment with of AMP-405 and spores/ml of Botrytis cinerea simultaneously. Treatment with AMP-405 resulted in significantly less infection by Botrytis cinerea, than the treatment with tap water as a control.


In this study, we have examined how the potential users of IT convergence product use the external information sources for purchasing decision focusing on a case of smartphone. Although the specifications and price of IT convergence products, such as smartphone, tablet pc, and smart TV, are considered as major criteria for purchasing decision, the competitiveness of these factors have disappeared as many companies launch similar products in the market. External information sources play a significant role to differentiate the alternatives by offering value-added experience information. The effect of external information sources becomes stronger for experience and high-involvement product whose performance can be evaluated through only users` direct experience. In this study, we categorized the external information sources for smartphone into five; company ads, personal network, expert group, consumers, and media. Through an empirical study with potential smartphone users, we verified how these external information sources affect users` purchasing decision in the perspective of the perceived attributes of information source, quality of information, and individual`s characteristics based on self-regulatory theory.


Objective To discuss the effect of Chinese Medical bath on spastic cerebral palsy.Methods 40 cases child with spastic cerebral palsy were radomly divided into 2 groups,group A(20 cases) were given Chinese Medical bath and physcial theraphy,group B(20 cases) were only given physcial theraphy.Compared the gross motor function measure(GMFM) score of two groups.Results After treatment,the GMFM score of two groups increased(P0.05),and group A increased significantly(P0.05).Conclusion Chinese medical bath on children with spastic cerebral palsy,can improve the rehabilitation of bulky power function.


This article is key technologies of a Web-based video surveillance system design and development.Today,more and more video surveillance in the areas of a wide range of applications,the realization of networked video surveillance system is imperative.In this paper,the convection technology and transmission media options,video compression technology,network technology,network video server and DirectShow technology to explore,and form a complete system of technical framework.


Traditionally DC-AC converters are considered with voltage source inverters (VSI); although less studied and discussed, it has started recently to be used current source inverters (CSI). Another possibility for DC/AC conversion is the multilevel configuration. This paper shows experimental operation and simulation analysis of a grid-connected multilevel current source inverter (MCSI), which includes a circuit for equipment safety reasons due to grid disconnections.


Resumen es: ...>>>en: The SLC6A4 gene encodes the serotonin transporter SERT. Since the discovery of the role of SLC6A4 polymorphisms on human behavior, there is an ...


In this paper, we propose a novel CMOS+MOLecular (CMOL) field-programmable gate array (FPGA) circuit architecture to perform massively parallel, high-throughput computations, which is especially useful for pattern matching tasks and multidimensional associative searches. In the new architecture, patterns are stored as resistive states of emerging nonvolatile memory nanodevices, while the analyzed data are streamed via CMOS subsystem. The main improvements over prior work offered by the proposed circuits are increased nanodevice utilization and, as a result, substantially higher throughput, which is demonstrated by a detailed analysis of the implementation of pattern matching task on the new architecture. For example, our estimates show that the proposed CMOL FPGA circuits based on the 22-nm CMOS technology and one crossbar layer with 22-nm nanowire half-pitch allows up to 12.5% average nanodevice utilization, i.e., the fraction of the devices turned to the high conductive state, as compared to a typical ~0.1% of the original CMOL FPGA circuits. This in turn enables throughput close to  ${7.1\times 10^{16}}$  bits/s/cm2 at ~ 1 fJ/bit energy efficiency, for matching of ~ 107 250-bit patterns stored locally on a 1 cm2 chip. These numbers are at least 2 orders of magnitude better throughput as compared to that of other state-of-the-art FPGA methods, and begin to approach ternary content-addressable memory -like performance at similar CMOS technology nodes. More generally, we argue that the proposed concept combines the versatility of reconfigurable architectures and density of the associative memories. It can be viewed as a very tight symbiotic integration of memory and logic functions for high-performance logic-in-memory computing.


The test is is dependent upon glucose as a source of energy and glucose is known to stimulate protein biosynthesis in testes from mature rats but not in testes from immature rats. The hypothesis that glucose increased testicular protein biosynthesis by stimulating the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) was examined by measuring the concentration of this nucleotide in rat testes incubated under a variety of conditions with and without glucose. It was found that the concentration of ATP in rat testis is 1.50 ± 0.02 μmoles/g wet weight, which i s close to values reported for a number of cells and tissues. The concentration of testicular ATP falls rapidly during 30 min of incubation. The hypothesis that glucose increases protein biosynthesis by increasing the production of ATP was supported by the following observations: 1. Glucose prevents the decline in testicular ATP seen during incubation in vitro and increases the rate of protein biosynthesis during the same period of time. The values for ATP and ...


ABDI NUGRAHA HAFID. The Influence of Perception of Parenting Style And
Motivation To Study On Students Performance 11th Grade Accounting Program
Vocational High School 14 Jakarta. Jakarta : Accounting Education Program,
Economic Education Program, Faculty Of Economic, State University Of Jakarta.

This study aims is to investigate the influence of perception of parenting style and
motivation to study on student performance. The subject in this study is students
were eleventh grade of accounting program in Vocational High School 14 Jakarta
with population 84 students. Method of data collection by questionnaire/poll and
documentation. Validity of questionnaire carried by grain analysis using product
moment correlation and reliability testing using cronbach alpha formula. Data were
analyzed by multiple regression analysis which previously performed the prequisite
test analysis includes tests of normality, linearity, multicolinearity and
heteroskedasticity. The Results are: 1) there is a positif and significant effect
between perception of parenting style and motivation to study on students
performance in eleventh grade of accounting program vocational high school 14
Jakarta with determination correlation 52,4%, 2) there is a positif and significant
effect between perception of parenting style on students performance, 3) there is a
positif and significant effect between motivation to study on students performance.


A conducive learning situation is essential in learning English. However, one problem that usually disturbs the learning situation is the appearance of disruptive behavior. Students' disruptive behavior is an inappropriate behavior conducted by students during the learning process which turns the classroom into unconducive. Exactly, there are several factors contribute to the occurrence of disruptive behavior in the English lesson, especially on senior high school students. Thus, the current study was a case study aimed to investigate several causes of students' disruptive behavior in English teaching-learning process in the classroom. The subjects of this study consisted of an English teacher and a class of twelfth-grade students in a small town in Indonesia. The data were collected using observation and interview. The result of this study showed that students' disruptive behavior in the English classroom was caused by internal factor and external factor. Feeling boredom, feeling anxiety, and seeking attention were internal factor that became the occurrence of disruptive behavior. While fatigue was the external factor that causes the emergence of students' disruptive behavior in the English teaching-learning process in the classroom.

Keywords
Disruptive Behavior, English Classroom, Senior High School Students, Teachers' Management


ABSTRACT: While the sessile oak (Quercus petraea) may be widely distributed across Europe, it is somewhat rare on the NE Iberian Peninsula, its southern distribution and xeric limit. Understanding the relationship this forest has with not only climate factors but also with past human activity is important. This study aims to analyze the species composition and structure of sessile oak forests that form the xeric limit populations as well as examine the effect environmental factors have on them. The work was focused on the southernmost sessile oak forest, the Montseny Massif populations, which have a marked environmental Mediterranean influence. The sessile oak forest types were defined from field inventories and a cluster analysis classified the inventoried stands into five forest types. The compositional differences among the forest types were the result of past land uses and the intensity of forestry activity 50 y ago. Furthermore, the species composition is influenced by environmental factors, because more hydric stress promotes Mediterranean species. The study concludes that sessile oak are recovering from past forestry activity.


This study is designed to investigate the phosphorus removal ability of anoxic/anaerobic aerobic Hybrid Biological Reactor(A2/O-HBR).The result shows that A2/O-HBR has a certain biological phosphorus removal capacity,but the capacity is much impacted by system hydraulic loading.When the theory hydraulic retention time(HRT) is 13.3h,9.4h,6.0h,4.5h,and the corresponding TP removal rate is 75%,61%,60%,50%.To solve the problem of system phosphorus removal on high hydraulic loading conditions,the research is launched on strengthening phosphorus removal capacity by chemical measure for assistant removing phosphorus.The result shows that adding ferric chloride with 5mg/L,8mg/L,15mg/L(the concentration of Fe3+),corresponding phosphorus removal rate is 56%,81%,85%.Two different dosing ways have no impact on system phosphorus removal.


In this study, we have estimated the interfacial barrier height (Φb) of Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) coated glass/Malachite Green (MG) dye/Aluminium (Al) based organic device and subsequently we have also observed the effect of carboxylfunctionalized SWCNT (COOH-SWCNT) on the Φb. Presence of COOH-SWCNT reduces the interfacial barrier height as SWCNT acts as filler and provides easy path for charge percolation. We have used ITO coated glass and aluminium as front electrode and back electrode respectively to form the organic device. This organic device has been prepared with and without COOH-SWCNT by using spin coating technique. We have measured the steady state current-Voltage (I-V) characteristics of the device to estimate the interfacial barrier height (Φb) of the device. Φb is reduced from 0.67 eV to 0.59 eV in the presence of COOH-SWCNT. We have also estimated the Φb by using Norde's Method. This method also shows a reduction of interfacial barrier height from 0.72 eV to 0.64 eV due to incorporation of COOH-SWCNT. Both the methods show good consistency with each other. Reduction of the interfacial barrier height in presence of COOH-SWCNT indicates the enhancement of charge injection through the metal-organic dye interface. By suitable doping or addition of COOH-SWCNT within the MG dye it is possible to reduce the barrier height and enhance the current injection through metal-organic dye interface.


The neurological findings in 50 children and adolescents, known to have been sniffing leaded gasoline for periods of 6 months to over 5 years, were analysed. 46/50 patients (92%) had abnormal signs on initial examination: i) 34/46 patients (73%) had abnormally brisk deep reflexes, ii) 31/46 (67%) had cerebellar signs, 29 of these 31 patients showing intention tremor and iii) 28/46 (60%) had postural tremor. 49/50 patients (98%) had blood lead (Pb) levels > 40 μg/dl and in 22 the blood Pb was ≥ 80 μg/dl. The mean blood Pb levels were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in those with a) abnormally brisk deep reflexes, b) marked intention tremor, c) ataxic stance and d) ataxic gait, than in those without these findings. 39 patients received chelation therapy. Regardless of therapy, of the 46 patients with abnormal signs, resolution occurred within 8 weeks in all but one; this patient continues to have abnormal signs a year later. Our report draws attention to the neurological manifestations in chronic leaded gasoline sniffers. The possibility of the abuse of a solvent such as leaded gasoline should be considered in children and adolescents showing abnormally brisk deep reflexes, cerebellar dysfunction and postural tremor.


This paper outlines three new approaches which demonstrate the emergence of a new paradigm for tourism and hospitality education. Analysis of stakeholders provides insights into the legitimacy of those who seek to influence the educational process, in particular the tourism and hospitality sector, government, faculty members and students. Stakeholders can be seen to have two main roles in the educational process: first to influence the strategic direction of education via curriculum planning; and second, to measure performance, in particular through the quality management process. This paper details the main issues and stages involved in the adoption of these new concepts for tourism and hospitality education and the implications for the relationship between industry and higher education.


This paper proposes propagation factors to analyze the power oscillations caused by the interharmonics of the doubly fed induction generators (DFIG) at different points in the power system. First, the dynamic model of DIFG is built, including the asynchronous generator, its transmission system, converters and the control systems. Then, the state space expression is formed by deducing the input and output matrixes. Then, the propagation factor is proposed and denoted to exhibit the propagation mechanism of interharmonics in the view of frequency domain by deducing the multi-input-multi-output transfer functions matrix. Finally, the modified four machine system with two DFIGs is used as test system to verify the effectiveness of propagation factor, the simulation results demonstrate that the subsynchronous interharmonics of DFIGs injected into the grid will propagate to the different points of the system and results in oscillation of the power. The propagation factor could quantize the oscillation magnitude propagating from one point to other point.


A cornea oxygen therapy patch comprises a patch body and an immovable bandage with two ends fixed with the patch body. The patch body comprises a patch surface and a cushion, an oxygen delivery through hole and venting through holes are formed in the patch body, and the cushion is arranged at the edge of the patch surface and used for being sealed with the skin surrounding the eye. The cushion is arranged at the bottom of the patch body, so that time of contact of oxygen and the cornea can be prolonged, and therapeutic effect is improved. Besides, by the aid of the immovable bandage, the cornea oxygen therapy patch can be fixed to the part needing oxygen therapy quite conveniently.


The molecule of the title compound, [Ni(C68H76N4O4)], is located on a crystallographic inversion center. The Ni—N distances within the square-shaped coordination environment are 1.951 (2) and 1.954 (2) Å. Three terminal C atoms in one of the hexyl groups are disordered over two sets of sites, with site-occupancy factors of 0.615 (13) and 0.385 (13).


Thorium hydroxide sol containing a predetermined amount of NH/sub 4/NO/ sub 3/ was sprayed into isopropanol. The results revealed the content of NH/sub 4/NO/sub 3/in the sol has a great importance for the formation of spherical gel particles The spherieal particle formation is affected with the content of NH/sub 4/NO/sub 3/ in the sol rather than the thorium content. The salt content must be higher than 0.5 g/cc. From the experiments it was supposed that the formation was related to the equilibrium of NH/sub 4/NO/sub 3/--H/sub 2/Oisopropanol system. The equilibrium was measured at 25 deg C, and a concentration region where three components separate into two liquid phases, the upper phase rich in alcohol and the lower rich in water and the sol, was found. Using this ternary system phase diagram, the mechanism of sphere formation was explained as follows. When sol is sprayed into alcohol, water and NH/sub 4/NO/sub 3/ diffuse into alcohol from the sol. By this diffusion, the sol reacts with alcohol in the following processes: small drops of the sol -- emulsification and gellation of the sol drops -- disappearance of the emulsion -- spherical particles. (auth)


Abstract The paper considers dual input Power System Stabiliser (PSS) and Automatic Voltage Controller (AVR) for a generating unit equipped with synchronous generator and static excitation system. The control system uses analytically derived, quasi-optimal values of parameters (time constants) that cause the PSS to produce damping torque component only. Good dynamic properties of the plant equipped with the proposed dual input PSS and AVR are confirmed by simulation using a non-linear, multi-machine model of a power system (part of UCTE power system).


Anticholinesterase agents have been used for the control of intraocular pressure for many years. The first was physostigmine (eserine), an alkaloid obtained from the Calabar bean. In 1863 Fraser noted that physostigmine caused pupillary constriction, and Laqueur in 1875 employed it for the treatment of glaucoma. 8 At that time it was noted that undesirable side-effects occurred with the drug. Ever since, an intermittent search for a more potent, less irritating anticholinesterase agent has been under way. A variety of cholinesterase agents have been tried. These include those which form a reversible union with cholinesterase as does physostigmine, namely, neostigmine and o -neostigmine and p -neostigmine. Other anticholinesterase agents inhibit cholinesterase irreversibly and include tetraethylpyrophosphate (TEPP), tetraisopropylpyrophosphate (TIPP) hexaethylpyrophosphate (HEPP), p -nitrophenyldiethylphosphate, (Mintacol), parathion ( o,o -diethyl- o-p -nitrophenyl thiophosphate), isoflurophate (DFP, Floropryl), and tabun (dimethylamidoethoxy-phosphoryl cyanide). 1 Of these, physostigmine, neostigmine (Prostigmin), and isoflurophate have stood the test of time


The Act on Use and Protection of DNA Identification Information (DNA Act) of the Republic of Korea was legislated in January 2010, with the purpose of 'contributing to investigations and prevention of crimes and the protection of citizens' rights and interests by providing for matters necessary for the collection, use, and protection of DNA identification information (DNA information).' The adoption of the Act took 15 years, long enough time to witness various opinions and different versions of the bill. One of the most notable and heatedly debated issues was the 'protection of basic rights vs. efficiency of apprehending criminals and prevention of recidivism'. The rationale behind the DNA Act is to arrest a perpetrator by quickly identifying him/her through comparison of DNA information against the registered database when a violent crime occurs, while eliminating innocent people in the early stages and ensuring the prevention of recidivism of people whose DNA information is already within the registry. In short, the Act aims to increase the efficiency of arresting criminals and prevent future crimes. However, the Act also received backlash due to the violation of basic rights, such as the right to self-determination of personal information, with regards to specific details of a list of crimes where sample collection is permitted, the scope of offenders subject to collection, the legal basis of the DNA sample collection and analysis, and the destruction of DNA samples and information. Furthermore, a more fundamental question has also been asked about the efficacy of the DNA database: does it really prevent recidivism? A look at the details of the DNA Act will help clarify these issues.


Camelina sativa is a promising oilseed crop used for dietary oil and as a biofuel feedstock. C. sativa is a highly adaptable, cool season crop that can be grown on marginal lands with minimal inputs, making it potentially suitable for growth in Northern Nevada and other cooler and drier semi-arid regions of North America. A five-year (2011 to 2015) field trial was conducted to evaluate the seed yield, oil content, and oil and biodiesel production potential of eight C. sativa cultivars in semi-arid regions of Northern Nevada. Columbia, Cheyenne, Calena, and Blaine Creek were ranked as the top four varieties based on the five-year study of mean seed yield, oil content, and estimated oil and biodiesel production values, although none of the cultivars were significant (p > 0.05). Overall, Columbia displayed the highest seed yield, harvest index, oil yield and potential biodiesel production of 910 kg ha−1, 0.147, 273.4 kg ha−1, and 86.4 L ha−1, respectively, across five growing seasons. For each individual year across the eight cultivars, seed yield, oil content, oil and potential biodiesel production was highest in 2015, and lowest in 2012 and 2013 (the drier years). The seed yields of this study fall within the ranges of yields reported in both the irrigated and rainfed locations of the Western United States. Based on the seed yield, oil, and the estimated oil and biodiesel productivity reported in this study, C. sativa can be grown successfully with supplemental irrigation in semi-arid environments like Nevada.