AbstractThis essay examines the function of the concept of the nation-state in the Arab world. The essay comparatively assesses the meaning of the nation-state and how it has been received in the Arab World, relying on the results of a study conducted amongst Arab thinkers, politicians and statesmen since the end of World War 1. The first section outlines the pertinence of the earlier debate with regards to both the concept and the context of framing nations within a post-Ottoman political environment. In the following sections, the article discusses the emergence of the nation-state and its characteristics in general and then examines the Arab nation-state specifically, from its sense of belonging and positive ideology to the inevitable clash of identities. Finally, it critically analyses the failure of integration within nation-states in the Arab World and their struggle for legitimacy based on new modern constitutions.Concept and contextMustafa Kemal Ataturk's abolition of the Caliphate (1922-24) caused such a huge outcry that not a single Arab or Muslim in the public eye failed to voice an opinion. However, not even those who objected had a clear idea of what was actually happening, nor indeed did they understand precisely what they were objecting to.From the late 19,h century many had more or less given up on the Caliphate in the sense that it was traditionally understood. Some wanted it to take on a different form, while others sought to see it transformed into something like a consultative constitutional system, a constitutional monarchy or a federal or confederal Islamic institution. With the exception of a small minority of hard-line conservatives, those closest to the Turks in the Caliph's or Sultan's circles fell into one of two groups: the reformist constitutional group or the Turkish or Turanian nationalist group.* 1As we know from our study of history, the reformists succeeded in introducing the 1876 Constitution, which was later annulled by Sultan Abdul Hamid II in 1878 and its leading supporters were crushed. The Turkish Islamic reformists had been amenable to the idea of a constitutional Sultanate and a broad, loose Caliphate, and it would probably be true to say that it was this early failure on their part which led to the emergence of a Turkish nationalism influenced by the European nationalist model - a model which aimed to separate religion (i.e. the Caliphate) from the state (i.e. the Sultanate). Hence the secularist 'Young Turks' and the 'Union and Progress' group were the first to see the Caliphate and Islam as being synonymous in this sense.2Here we need to differentiate between the Turkish and Turanian nationalists - at least in the initial stages. Turanianism was a movement that sought to unite the Turkic peoples, most of whom lived outside Turkey and its possessions and were part of the Russian Empire. Its adversaries were the Russian Slavs and other Balkan peoples who were Orthodox Christians. While the Turanians (or 'Turks' of the Russian Empire) tended to regard Islam as their 'national religion', this was not the case with the Turks inside Turkey itself, who modelled themselves on the European (i.e. French) concept of the nation-state.3Following the wars with the Russians and the Austrians, the peoples of the Ottoman State's European and Asian possessions took Greece's independence in the 1820s as their model and, with the support of the Russians, Austrians or Serbs, their leading citizens backed the idea of the nation-state. At the same time, the Muslims among their number, who were a small minority, favoured retaining some kind of links with the Ottomans, though their leaders supported independence in order to deprive the other (i.e. non-Muslim) groups of any possible justification for seeking to become part of Russia, Serbia or some other state.4Meanwhile, the religious diversity of the Balkans had the effect of driving ethnic nationalism to the surface at the expense of religion, the aim being to preserve 'micro-national' unity after the chances of maintaining the unity of the Ummah (Greater Nation) as a whole under the Ottoman Sultanate had dwindled. …


A speaker on ABC Radio National's Life Matters asserted that without competition there would have been no human progress. This is historical ignorance. Most human progress has been through co-operation. The worst damage has been through competition.


The design and analysis of a capacitive microphone is presented in this paper. Capacitive microphone with considerably higher sensitivity and low power consumption offers the innovative design for sound pressure microsensors. Polysilicon with smooth surfaces and incredible low residue stress is used for diaphragm of the capacitive microphone. Two methods—equivalent circuit method and finite element method—have been applied in this research to achieve the highest sensitivity of capacitive microphone. Optimal diaphragm edge width, thickness, and air gap have been determined through analyzing and simulating sound pressure microsensors, understanding the variation of geometry dimensions parameters between diaphragm and air gap distance, and dissecting the impact among sensitivity, nature frequency and electric field. Consequently, the valuable design model is able to be provided for the best choice of sound pressure microsensors among different materials. In addition, the results can improve and control the p...


provides open access, scholarly publishing services to the University of California and delivers a dynamic research platform to scholars worldwide. Abstract: The owners of property taken for public use are often compensated for their loss. Compensation based on market value is known to create a moral hazard problem and induce inefficient investment. However, no compensation, while efficiency inducing, is not a feasible, or desirable alternative, because it is perceived to be unfair: individual landowners crushed under the governmental leviathan. An alternative is proposed for public projects (as road construction) for which all benefits are incorporated in land values. In this case compensation based on the value of a property had it not been taken, rather than its market value prior to the public project, is both efficient and fair. Abstract The owners of property taken for public use are often compensated for their loss. Compensation based on market value is known to create a moral hazard problem and induce inefficient investment. However, no compensation, while efficiency inducing, is not a feasible, or desirable alternative, because it is perceived to be unfair: individual landowners crushed under the governmental leviathan. An alternative is proposed for public projects (as road construction) for which all benefits are incorporated in land values. In this case compensation based on the value of a property had it not been taken, rather than its market value prior to the public project, is both efficient and fair.


short stories; 32 essays, reviews, and open letters; 59 poems; 63 audiotapes and records; and 25 movies and television shows based on his works. Hall also lists 200 critical, biographical, and bibliographical items (some unpublished) con cerning L'Amour. Hall includes an introduction by Michael T. Marsden, a chronology of L'Am our's life, a list of his honors and awards, a section called "Q uoth the Critics," and a previously unpublished conversation with L'Amour conducted by Marsden and Kristine Fredriksson in Los Angeles on March 17, 1985. An index lists 635 L'Amour titles—every piece of writing, every movie and TV production, every tape and record, and every translation. Hall deserves special praise for several features. After each book title, he gives publication data, including page lengths, cloth a n d /o r paper, ISBNs and allied num bers, and cover and m ap artists where known, and he cites major reviews and secondary source material. For each novel and almost every screen adaptation, he provides a brief plot summary. For each collection, he indicates full contents. A description of one main entry will be sufficiently illustrative. For Hondo, Hall lists eight American editions (one in a collection), seven British editions (one in large p rin t), two Spanish translations, two German, one Norwe gian, and one Serbo-Croatian; provides a three-sentence p lo t summary; names the short story on which Hondo was based, and the movie and TV series based on it; and lists three reviews of it. A cross-reference leads to the movie entry, which names the producing company, gives the movie's date and length, names the screenplay author, and lists the entire cast. It is refreshing that Hall leaves blanks and adds question marks in several entries, where he cannot be sure. I am sure, however, that this is as fine a bibliography as I have ever seen.


In a cloud computing environment, it is beneficial for the cloud service provider to offer differentiated services among different customers, who often have different cost profiles. Therefore, cost-aware scheduling of queries is important. A practical cost-aware scheduling algorithm must be able to handle the highly demanding query volumes in the scheduling queues to make online scheduling decisions very quickly. We develop such a highly efficient cost-aware query scheduling algorithm, called iCBS. iCBS takes the query costs derived from the service level agreements (SLAs) between the service provider and its customers into account to make cost-aware scheduling decisions. iCBS is an incremental variation of an existing scheduling algorithm, CBS. Although CBS exhibits an exceptionally good cost performance, it has a prohibitive time complexity. Our main contributions are (1) to observe how CBS behaves under piecewise linear SLAs, which are very common in cloud computing systems, and (2) to efficiently leverage these observations and to reduce the online time complexity from O(N) for the original version CBS to O(log2 N) for iCBS.


Vinyl silicone oil and hydrogen silicone oil as the main pound of the pouring silicone rubber system were obtained for one kind of pouring silicone rubber dielectric used in electronic mould.Difference hydrogen silicone oil as crosslinking agent will effect the time of gelation. Colorant element can make the pouring silicone rubber system with difference colour ,but it can poison the catalyst . The cause of catalyst poisoning and poisoning inhabitation method were obtained experimentally which can be used in actual application for the pouring silicone rubber system and get the number of catalyst .Comparing with the effect of difference counterpoison and get the support of technical in controlling the time of vulcanization .


The main costs and advantages consequent to the transition toward green and sustainable economies and societies are here identified and discussed, although it is not possible to quantify them. The aspects considered are: non-renewable and renewable resources, technological and production trends, features of sustainable products, mission, size and relations of enterprises, levels and distribution of wealth, buying power and lifestyles, sustainable cities and transportation means. This first analysis aims to increase knowledge about the economic and social effects related to a green and sustainable economy, where priority is given to the basic question of natural resources (non-renewable and renewable), given their limitedness. It should be considered as a reference point to set their price, even in a differentiated manner, and to pursue their maximal utilisation. All other aspects stem directly from this, including environmental balances.


40 nm Ti02 layers on Ti have been formed by anodic polarization. Implantation of 200 keV Ti * ions induces amorphization which dépends on the température. Subséquent repassivation to potentials below the formation potential causes recrystallization and additional oxide growth. The activation energy for ion migration is lowered by implantation. The additional oxide growth differs after 200 keV Ti* and 200 keV Pd* implantation. The rate determining step is located at the interface T i /T iOj . This gives for the first time an indication of the validity of the Mott model for the oxide growth on Ti.


Th is conference followed the one organized in Torino (Italy) in December 2004 with support from the coordination actions EXYSTENCE and ONCE-CS, funded by the Future and Emerging Technologies Unit of the European Commission. ECCS'05 benefi ted from the same support and was the fi rst conference in an annual series organized by the new European Complex System Society (ECSS) and its Conference Steering Committee.


Evaluations of website effectiveness have evolved from metrics based on page hits and visits to assessments of the impact of site changes on the behavior of particular user groups. Typically, this involves the use of clustering algorithms to generate behavior-based groupings, followed by profile-based analyses. One weakness of this approach is that resulting groups are often based on aspects of user behavior not relevant for the revision under study. A second weakness is that profiles may be difficult to interpret. To address these weaknesses we employ 1) a semi-supervised clustering algorithm seeded with evaluator-selected, representative sessions; 2) Time Series Analysis - Selected Episode Graphs (TSA-SEGs), annotated graphical representations of "interesting" aspects of behavior, based on episodes (sequences of requests) and time windows selected by the evaluator. Our approach compared favorably with a leading approach, H-UNC and analysis of profiles created from the resultant clusters, on a case study of an important revision to a biological database site (www.cryptodb.org).


Written specifically with owners and operators of small wastewater systems in mind, this manual provides a basic understanding of the principals and practices involved in collecting, treatment and disposing of wastewater and solids in a safe and effective manner. Subjects covered include characteristics of wastewater, collection systems, treatment, sludge treatment and disposal, disinfection and more. Spiral binding, over 350 illustrations. 2nd edition; 518 pages, 1998.


A self-test circuit of ground electrical field instrument is designed,which can automatic monitoring the accuracy of the measured electric field value of the electric field instrument to ensure the detection stability.The circuit formed connecting by the electric field instrument controller,D/A converter,analog switch,the amplifier,and the calibration electrode plate,the value of the electric field generated by the calibration electrode plate is compared with the measured values,to discover the error is whether within the range of accuracy,in order to achieve the self-test function.


The purpose of this research is to know the critical thinking ability of a primary school after getting a treatment by applying problembased learning model (PBL) based on thematic learning. This research is a descriptive research, with a quantitative method. The research was conducted at SDN 1 Mada. The population in this research is the fourth-grade students in IV Nada District who enrolled in the even semester of the academic year 2017/2018. A Sample in this research is class IV at SDN 1 Mada, which is 25 participants. The data collection used is a questionnaire test with a total of 10 items covering all five categories of critical thinking skills according to Nitko and Brookhart namely (1) elementary clarification, (2) basic support of argument, (3) inferences, (4) advanced clarification, and (5) strategies and tactics. From the result of the test of the students with critical thinking ability; after getting treatment of the PBL model; 52% are with a very high category, and 48% high category with an average value of 76,6. From the result of the research, it can be concluded that overall the fourth-grade students of SDN 1 Mada in the (even)seventh? semester of the academic year of 2017/2018 have the ability to think highly. Keywords—PBL model, critical thinking, thematic


T is one of the final issues (Volume 24, Issue 2) of the Annual Review of Psychiatry, a very successful series of reviews. This issue presents sleep medicine topics as they relate to clinical psychiatry. After a brief introduction by Oldham and Riba, about the history of the Annual Review of Psychiatry, this book is broken down into seven chapters, which cover most of the sleep disorders that are likely to be encountered in sleep and psychiatric clinical practice. Daniel J. Buysse edited this issue, and his goals were to (1) present an overview of sleep medicine, (2) highlight the role of psychiatrists in treating sleep disorders relevant to their practice, and (3) emphasize a multispecialty approach in treating sleep problems. Dr. Buysse, in the first chapter, gives an introduction to normal sleep. In this section, he presents multiple theories of the function of sleep and sleep-wake rhythms: ecological or environmental advantage, physical restoration, optimizing waking function, learning, and integration of experience and the impact of sleep on survival. He also defines circadian rhythms and the entrainment role of light. He then proceeds to describe sleep as a periodic rapidly reversible neurobehavioral state, which distinguishes sleep from pathologic states such as coma and unconsciousness. The chapter ends with an outline of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition and the International Classification of Sleep Disorders -2 nosologies of sleep disorders. Insomnia is a difficult disorder to treat, so presenting a concise overview, including symptom presentation, pathophysiology and different avenues available to treat this problem, is a complicated task that the authors were able to complete nicely. The authors start by presenting the prevalence of insomnia in the general population and also its risk factors. Relevant to psychiatric practice is insomnia leading to development of depression, anxiety, and substance use disorders. The authors emphasize, that in patients by Daniel J. Buysse, 237 pages, $34.95, ISBN: 1-58562-229-X, American Psychiatric Publishing, Washington, DC


This study is to determine how Latin dances are implemented and how students accept Latin dances as one of their core subjects. Also, this study was to highlight that there are limited studies related to the implementation and acceptance of Latin dances in the Senior high school curriculum. The study used a quantitative-correlational design and employed a complete enumeration sampling technique in selecting the respondents. The finding shows that Latin dances in the senior high school curriculum were not fully implemented and it needs to be strengthened. The acceptance of Latin dances is slightly accepted. Lastly, it was also concluded that there is a significant relationship between implementation and acceptance of Latin dance in senior high school. Thus, this research can contribute to the development of how Latin Dances teaches in Senior high school, for it provides information about the result about the implementation and acceptance of Latin dances in Senior high school curriculum.


A solar closed air Brayton cycle, with rated power of 50 MW, was considered. The system is composed of a concentrating solar tower with volumetric receiver, an intercooling and regenerating gas turbine and an evaporative tower cooling system. The characteristic feature of the system is a control strategy able to adjust the plant in a large range of load, maintaining net electric conversion efficiency almost constant. The concentrating solar power (CSP) plant operates without adding fuel and can heat air up to a maximum temperature of 850 °C, at the solar tower outlet. The numerical analysis was performed by SAM for the solar tower and by Thermoflex © for the assessment of the performance of the whole system. The thermal energy input was calculated on the basis of the DNI of the TMY from Seville. Results show an electricity production greater than 75GWh per year, with a significant sparing fossil fuel consumption and avoided CO2 emissions. © 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. Selection and/or peer-review under responsibility of ATI


Induction of tetraploid from diploid bananas often producing mixoploid plants.Characters of the mixoploid plant is similar to those of tetraploid plants. In this research mixoploid banana cultivar Rejang was crossed with diploid Rejang to produce triploid hybrid Rejang. Triploid banana is one of plant breeding target because of its best vigor and productivity compared to diploid or tetraploid banana. 570 crosses were conducted with mixoploid Rejang as female parents and diploid Rejang as male parents. Out of 570 crosses, 130 hybrid seeds were produced. However, only 19 seeds (14.61%) contained embryos, and only two embryos were developed into shoots. The two genotypes of developed embryos were then in-vitro propagated and planted in the field. Results of ploidy identification using Flowcytometer showed that the two genotypes were diploids (31%) and triploids (69%). The triploid hybrid Rejang had plant growth habit of drooping, few suckers, higher and bigger pseudostem, higher bunch weight and fruit weight compared to those of the two parents. The triploid hybrid had similar genetic properties with genetic identity of 0.9174-0.9703. Keywords: Banana, crosses, diploid, Rejang, mixoploid, triploid, hybrids


Weld line thermoplastic elastomer micro injection moulded components using 3D focus microscopyThe presented study investigates weld line depth development across a micro suspension ring. A focus variation microscope was used to obtain 3D images of the weld line area. Suspension rings produced with different micro injection moulding process parameters were examined to identify the correlation between the weld lines depths and the different process settings. Results showed that injection speed and clamping force have a significant effect on the weld line depth dimensions. The undertaken optimization showed in general a reduction of 50 to 70% of the weld line depth over its entire length reducing maximum depth from 34 μm to 11 μm.


The recent advances in microsensor and semiconductor technology have opened a new field within computer science: the networking of small-sized sensors which are capable of sensing, processing, and communicating. Such wireless sensor networks offer new applications in the areas of habitat and environment monitoring, disaster control and operation, military and intelligence control, object tracking, video surveillance, traffic control, as well as in health care and home automation. It is likely that the deployed sensors will be battery-powered, which will limit the energy capacity significantly. Thus, energy efficiency becomes one of the main challenges that need to be taken into account, and the design of energy-efficient algorithms is a major contribution of this thesis. As the wireless communication in the network is one of the main energy consumers, we first consider in detail the characteristics of wireless communication. By using the embedded sensor board (ESB) platform recently developed by the Free University of Berlin, we analyze the means of forward error correction and propose an appropriate resync mechanism, which improves the communication between two ESB nodes substantially. Afterwards, we focus on the forwarding of data packets through the network. We present the algorithms energy-efficient forwarding (EEF), lifetime-efficient forwarding (LEF), and energy-efficient aggregation forwarding (EEAF). While EEF is designed to maximize the number of data bytes delivered per energy unit, LEF additionally takes into account the residual energy of forwarding nodes. In so doing, LEF further prolongs the lifetime of the network. Energy savings due to data aggregation and in-network processing are exploited by EEAF. Besides single-link forwarding, in which data packets are sent to only one forwarding node, we also study the impact of multi-link forwarding, which exploits the broadcast characteristics of the wireless medium by sending packets to several (potential) forwarding nodes. By actively selecting a forwarder among all nodes that received a packet successfully, retransmissions can often be avoided. In the majority of cases, multi-link forwarding is thus more efficient and able to save energy. In the last part of this thesis, we present a topology and energy control algorithm (TECA) to turn off the nodes' radio transceivers completely in order to avoid idle listening. By means of TECA, a connected backbone of active nodes is established, while all other nodes may sleep and save energy by turning off their radios. All algorithms presented in this thesis have been fully analyzed, simulated, and implemented on the ESB platform. They are suitable for several applications scenarios and can easily be adapted even to other wireless sensor platforms.


Developing a visual convincing model of irregular fuzzy objects is the most difficult and attractive problems in DIS VR.This paper relates several methods for modeling and simulating irregular objects. It introduces simply about MultiGen CreatorPro. Some frequent problems in the field of creating realistic modeling are discussed and some solutions are proposed in this paper.According to the DIS standard, the problems in modeling are presented. ;;;


Objective:To comprehend the different CT features between the medial orbital wall depressed fracture and the normal depression.Methods:Retrospective analysis the direct and indirect signs of the multirow spiral CT between the medial orbital wall depressed fracture and the normal depression.Results:The direct signs of the medial orbital wall depressed fracture are continuity broken,sclerotic collapse,stump disassociation,surface crude and most are combined with indirect signs such as internal rectus muscle thicking,orbital cavity pneumatosis,ethmoid sinus hydrops or haematocele in 20 examples;also the normal 20 examples deperessions of the medial orbital wall show the discrimination levles of depression but the surfaces are slick.Conclusion:The direct and indirect signs of the multirow spiral CT between the medial orbital wall depressed fracture and the normal depression are conducted to the fractures judgment.


The paper discusses influence of the Soviet propagation on moral and political atmosphere of a society in years of the big terror, which appears through eyes of its customers, ideologists and victims. The author shows scales of political repressions, their displays and a consequence.


In this article, we survey the mathematics contest, which is held for first-year students of Šiauliai College. We discuss on the organize grounding of competition and its perspective, and on the benefit of students motivated for learning. Also, we analyze an example of the tasks and the most common errors made by students.


Introduction. The city of Norilsk is included in the list of cities participating in the federal project "Clean Air." The comprehensive action plan for protecting atmospheric air of substances provides a 75% reduction in emissions and a decrease in the level of pollution from "very high" to "high." The aim of the study was to assess human health risk from chemicals that pollute the atmospheric air of the city of Norilsk before the implementation of a complex of air protection measures. Also, we planned to identify priority factors and sources of risk. Material and methods. The assessment of carcinogenic, acute, and chronic non-carcinogenic health risks was carried out at 1105 points of location of residential buildings in the city based on summary calculations of dispersion. The database of parameters of 2145 sources of pollutant emissions into the atmospheric air of the city was used. Results. Unacceptable, including high levels of risk to the health of citizens, have been established to be registered throughout the city. More than 181.8 thousand people live in high-risk zones. Risks occur both during short-term and long-term exposure to atmospheric pollution. The risk indicators for respiratory disorders diseases of the immune system and the blood system are ten or more times higher than the acceptable levels. There have been eleven priority pollutants contributing up to 90% to unacceptable risks (nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide, copper, nickel, lead oxides, the sum of various types of industrial dust, etc.). Conclusion. In general, aerogenic health risks require urgent measures to reduce them. The planned measures to suppress sulfur dioxide emissions, nitrogen oxides, and dust in Norilsk are generally large-scale and adequate to the priority risk factors. At the same time, it is necessary to develop and implement measures to reduce emissions of heavy metal compounds. Until the levels of acceptable health risk are reached, measures of a medical and prophylactic nature are relevant as compensation measures provided for by current legislation.


Purpose We can say that the promotion of training in operational objectives allowed us to establish with precision basketball discipline content for each class separately. Conclusions and discussions At the same time closely related to content and instructional strategies were solving methodology proposed instructional objectives. This methodological approach has facilitated the development of control samples closely related to the objectives and contents of each class separately. Thus the class V we have the following objectives: free throw, throwing the dribble and pass with two hands at chest.


Townsend's Big-eared Bats (Corynorhinus townsendii) have a broad distribution, extending from southern Mexico through the western United States into southern British Columbia, and are considered rare throughout their North American range (Fellers and Pierson 2002). In British Columbia, C. townsendii are restricted to warm valleys of the south and coastal regions (Blood and others 1998) of BC. Provincially, C. townsendii is considered a species of special concern (blue-listed) by the BC Conservation Data Centre.


Automotive Lead Acid batteries are mainly used to supply high cranking current to start mechanical engines or generators. In this paper, performance of NS60L (JIS Type 46B24L) 45AH Automotive Sealed Maintenance Free (SMF) Lead Acid batteries with specific manufacturing process have been studied through different tests such as Cold Cranking Ampere, Resistivity, Conductivity, High Rate Discharge. All tests were conducted between temperatures 26°C to -15°C. Additional tests such as Capacity, Life Cycle, Porosity tests were conducted to examine plate quality and battery life. Finally, test database has been examined and quantitatively summarized to find out cranking characteristics for SMF battery with particular manufacturing parameters.


The present invention relates to a clock control circuit for synchronous control of the semiconductor memory device. First clock buffer present invention when the self-refresh exit command signal input during the self-refresh operation to output to toggle the first clock signal; And it characterized in that it comprises a second clock buffer that when the self refresh operation is completed, the toggling outputs a second clock signal necessary for the internal circuit.


Using PCA and CA humic acids can be classified and differences in Antarctica samples from the others can be seen.


Executive Summary 1

CHAPTER 1
Introduction 5
1.1 Motivation 7
1.2 Objevtives and Organization 8

CHAPTER 2
Summary of Previous Literatiure 11
2.1 Analysis of Pure Public Goods 13
2.2 Summary of Previous Literature 17
2.3 Tax-Benefit Model 21

CHAPTER 3
Data and Methodology 19
3.1 Analysis of the Distribution of Tax Burden 28
3.2 Analysis of the Distribution of Benefits 36

CHAPTER 4
Analysis of Net Tax Burden 51
4.1 Analysis of the Tax Burden by Income Decile 37
4.2 Progressivity and Horizontal Equity of tax 40
4.3 Analysis of Net tax Burden 41

CHAPTER 5
Summary and Implications 67
5.1 Summary of Findings 69
5.2 Implications and Future Direction 71

Reference 75


A detailed explanation and review of the chemical and physical properties of soy proteins and their relationship to functional properties are given. A discussion of heat-denaturation is included.


In medical applications, where polymers and plastics are used as tissue equivalent and phantom materials, the determination of accurate values of radiation shielding parameters becomes very important. In this context, the present work is aimed at determining the values of radiation shielding parameters of two polymers, viz. polyethersulphone (PES) and polyvinylidenechloride (PVDC) and then doing a comparative analysis of their shielding abilities in order to find a better material for shielding. The neutron shielding parameter was determined and was also compared with some common neutron shielding materials such as Boric Acid, Boron Carbide and Graphite. Furthermore, the shielding against charged particles i.e. neutron, proton and alpha particle was also studied with the help of the parameters, 'mass stopping power' and 'projected range'. It was speculated that PES is superior to PVDC for shielding against neutrons, protons, alpha and beta radiation due to higher content of low atomic number elements per monomer unit. So, PES can be used potentially for radiation shielding in medical field.


The Adomian's technique is used for solving differential systems for modeling the HIV immune dynamics (or immune response). We also compare both models for determining the most computable one. A solution of the Marchuk‐Petrov‐Belykh model and one using a simplified model are presented together with some conclusions.


Currently, hearing pathology is one of the most important social problems in the Russian Federation. Hearing impairment leads to the lack of information, affects the psycho-emotional state of a person and in some cases leads to a violation of an individual's quality of life. There are 13 million people with hearing impairment in the Russian Federation. Short exposure to very loud sounds leads to temporary reduction of hearing. Under normal conditions, in a day or two hearing restores. But if a person is subjected to prolonged exposure to loud noises, it may lead to an impairment or even loss of hearing. Today from 2.5 million to 10 million people regularly use MP3-players, listening to very loud music. Such popularity of audio players and vacuum headphones effects the functional state of the acoustic analyzer, especially in young people.


Abstract The aim of this reseach is to know how far the resilence of juvenile orphan in facing social relation and life problem. Subject of this reseach is juvinile orphan  who live in orthanage and concist of two people. Reseach method that is used in this reseach is interview and observation. Analitical technic used in this reseach is data colecting, data reduction, data presentation, data trianggulation, and to conclude the existing data. Data analys result is there are four aspects that is found 25 variabel catagory resilience of juvinile orphan, includes of factors that influence the resilience, characteristic resilience, spesific resilience, domain, spesification of the individual resilience. There are 3 catagories and 16 sub catagories factors that influence the resilience. The second aspect is characteristic resilience, there are 7 catagories and 11 sub catagories. The third aspect is spesification resilience domain, there are 3 catagories and 8 sub catagories. The fourh aspect is spesification of the individual resilience , there are 12catagories and 23 sub catagories. Key Word : The Juvenile, Resilience


We have examined the effects of bFGF (basic fibroblast growth factor) on p‐ERK (phosphorylated extracellular signal‐regulated kinase) through PDGFRβ (platelet‐derived growth factor receptor β) in the proliferation and migration of EPCs (endothelial progenitor cells). EPC migration was detected using the Transwell system. The expression of PDGFRβ mRNA and protein, total ERK and p‐ERK proteins was respectively assessed by real‐time PCR and Western blottings. bFGF promote the proliferation and migration of EPCs, the effects of bFGF being implemented by activating ERK signalling through the expression of PDGFRβ, whereas an anti‐bFGF antibody and inhibitor of PDGF (platelet‐derived growth factor) receptor kinase (AG1296) could respectively decrease the expression of PDGFRβ mRNA and protein and p‐ERK protein. Total ERK protein did not change under the same experimental conditions, and an inhibitor of p‐ERK (PD98059) inhibited the proliferation and migration of EPCs. The findings strongly suggest that a PDGFRβ/p‐ERK signalling pathway triggered by bFGF plays an important role in the proliferation and migration of EPCs.


The vessel dilatation and the hemodynamic effect of organic nitrates,if it was long-term administrated,will decline,even vanish.That's nitrates tolerance phenomena.Its real mechanism was still unknown.Recent articles we reviewed showed that this phenomenon was associated with puperoxide anion accumulation.The possible procession includes plasma volume increasing,organic nitrates biotransformation disturbing,NO signal delivery system disordered and the self-expanding of tissue puperoxide anion.This findings could explain some results of studies in nitrates drug tolerance,but to solve this problem entirely,advanced researches are still needed.


Online learning has become more prevalent in colleges and universities as new technology is introduced. One such technology is lecture capture, which allows a live lecture to be recorded and packaged with classroom media and delivered online to many more students than a traditional face-to-face class. This article studies the selection process and educational outcome differences between students enrolled in a lecture capture and a face-to-face course in economic principles. Students could select either course format, both with the same instructor and course requirements, without capacity restrictions. We find that students' attitudes toward online learning are the chief determinant of their choice of class over demographics, opportunity cost measures, or past online experiences. Additionally, our findings suggest that lecture capture students perform as well as those who take a face-to-face course when not accounting for self-selection. When selection is taken into account, lecture capture is not significantly worse than face-to-face.


In spite of the growing evidence about the bipolarization of cinema markets around national and American movies, little is known about the formation of preferences at the individual level. No microeconomic analysis has investigated the determinants explaining why a consumer might prefer watching a foreign movie rather than a local one, supposedly closer to his sociocultural context. Relying on an augmented social interaction model, the present study investigates the influence of two, usually separated, determinants of preference for a given origin of a movie: a liking by consuming capital and the preferences of other individuals through social interactions. More specifically, prior exposure to the different varieties, comprised in the liking by consuming capital, is a crucial ingredient when it comes to movie preferences: through its direct impact but also because it dampens the social interaction effect.


ABSTRACT Although 87 percent of New Zealanders live in cities, rural and small-town settings predominate in New Zealand films. From the 1990s, there has been a trend towards depicting urban milieux. Peter Wells' films consistently depict the city as alternative to rural representation. In keeping with Henri Lefebvre's idea that 'film presents urban space as itself representational', Wells portrays the city in its symbolic and its material guises, although his portrayal of the urban cannot always be separated from the suburban. While urban films are now more numerous, they have not replaced landscape in the New Zealand imaginary.


The utility model discloses a bidirectional synchronous overturning clamping mechanism with automatic reset. The mechanism comprises a left base and a right base and is characterized in that a rotary shaft is mounted on each of the left and right bases; pressing rods and gears are mounted on the rotary shafts; racks meshed with the gears are arranged below the gears and are fixed on fixing boards; one ends of the fixing boards are in guide match with the corresponding base in a sliding mode; the other ends of the fixing boards are connected with cylinder piston rods; mutually corresponding limiting boards are mounted at the lower end surfaces of the fixing boards respectively; mutually corresponding guide holes are formed in the limiting boards respectively; a guide rod penetrates through the guide holes; a spring is sleeved on the guide rod between the limiting boards. The bidirectional synchronous overturning clamping mechanism with the automatic reset is reasonable in structure and design, a pressing rod is synchronously driven and is automatically reset under the action of a restoring force, the operation steps are reduced, the production cost is reduced, and the demands on large-batch machining production are met.


Deep near-infrared images recorded with NICI on Gemini South are used to investigate the evolved stellar content in the outer southeast quadrant of the spiral galaxy M83. A diffuse population of asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars is detected, indicating that there are stars outside of the previously identified young and intermediate age star clusters in the outer disk. The brightest AGB stars have MK ⩾ −8, and the AGB luminosity function (LF) is well matched by model LFs that assume ages ⩽1 Gyr. The specific star formation rate (SFR) during the past few Gyr estimated from AGB star counts is consistent with that computed from mid-infrared observations of star clusters at similar radii, and it is concluded that the disruption timescale for star clusters in the outer disk is ≪1 Gyr. The LF and specific frequency of AGB stars vary with galactocentric radius, in a manner that is indicative of lower luminosity-weighted ages at larger radii. Modest numbers of red supergiants are also found, indicating that there has been star formation during the past 100 Myr, while the ratio of C stars to M giants is consistent with that expected for a solar metallicity system that has experienced a constant SFR for the past few Gyr. The results drawn from the properties of resolved AGB stars are broadly consistent with those deduced from integrated light observations in the UV.


Summary (1) The feeding of penicillin, but not of autoclaved penicillin, stimulated the growth of birds fed an all-vegetable protein diet. The injection of either penicillin or autoclaved penicillin similarly increased growth. (2) Bacitracin when administered orally or parenterally increased the rate of growth. (3) Under the conditions of the experiment reported herein the feeding of penicillin increased the penicillin and aureomycin resistant organisms and increased the yeast count. The parenteral administration of penicillin had no effect on the fecal microflora. Autoclaved penicillin had little effect upon the fecal microflora. Bacitracin when administered orally or parenterally failed to have any effect on the fecal microflora. (4) Since the parenteral administration of antibiotics and autoclaved penicillin increased the rate of growth and yet had little effect on the fecal aerobic microflora count it seems possible that the antibiotics may have stimulated growth by some other mechanism. Thus, it might be surmised that the antibiotic molecule or a fragment of same might act as a metabolite within the body of the bird.


Excerpt "Antispasmodic" drugs, as applied to the gastrointestinal tract, are of two varieties: (a) those depressing smooth muscle activity directly, and (b) those acting through inhibition of the p...


Inflation in China was mainly attributed to structural factors or cost-push type factors.However,this paper showed that monetary expansion and high housing price were fundamental driving factors of inflation in China since the mid-1990s.This paper applied Meltzer's new monetarism framework in conjunction with an extended AS-AD model with structural imbalances in both supply and demand sides.This paper proposed that the non-market interest rate system was the financial institutional foundation for the housing-price-driven inflation in China.From the perspective of institutional arrangement,policy-makers should put more weight on balancing supply and demand of the economy,instead of focusing on demand management.


Abstract Zn0.8Ni0.2Fe2O4 nanoparticles were prepared in a three-step synthesis involving the co-precipitation of metal nano-hydroxide, coating the metal nano-hydroxide with oleic acid, and hydrothermal treatment (ferritization). The nanoparticles were analyzed using X-ray diffraction, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. All samples heated at temperatures from 140 °C to 180 °C were crystalline Zn0.8Ni0.2Fe2O4 with particle sizes ranging from 5–8 nm. Vibrating sample magnetometry results indicated that the coercive force and remanence of the samples were close to zero, and the saturation magnetization values were high (14.20–27.12 emu · g−1).


Preschool children tend to have problems in receiving lessons in the classroom, among them unable to concentrate, joking with friends bench, or the child is bored with the delivery of media lessons taught by teachers. By using the right delivery medium children will easily capture the lessons taught by teachers. Multimedia information in a form acceptable to the senses of sight and hearing loss make children more interested and the taste will be more hooked tahuanya desire to learn other things. By using 3D Max and Adobe Premiere Pro is designed with a video introduction letter to help solve problems in learning, especially for preschool children.


The paper will review the physics and key advances in the fields of III-Nitride light-emitting diodes, specifically on approaches to address internal quantum efficiency, extraction efficiency, and efficiency droop in emitters.


This paper introduces naissance and task of fault diagnosis theory;And in a nutshell it illuminates fault diagnosis method based on resolution model,fault diagnosis method based on knowledge and fault diagnosis method based on data drive;And in great detail it introduces the process of fault diagnosis method based on observer,then illustrates how to apply fault diagnosis method based on observer in the electromechanical system,and gives out the simulation result of Matlab. Finally the paper,by analyzing the simulation result,concludes that fault diagnosis method based on observer can monitor system better,but orientating definition of fault is insufficient to complex system.


Drawing upon multiple theories, our research attempts to examine the role of various organisational characteristics that potentially influence distinct strategic choices for management of innovative capacities of firms. We use data from the World Bank with a sample size of 2,206 Indian manufacturing firms across industries collected from 20 industrial hubs. We examine how various organisational characteristics influence strategic choices and subsequently how these strategic choices affect the innovative capabilities of the firm. Results indicated that organisational characteristics play a significant role in its strategic choice for innovation. Our research contributes to the existing discourse on market entry strategies, technology transfer arrangements, and innovation management. Our research inherits a number of limitations such as omitted variables, selective firm level characteristics, mutually exclusive event that we have highlighted at the end before drawing tentative conclusions.


In this paper, we prove the existence of (global) solutions of the Poincar\'e-Lelong equation $\partial\overline{\p}u=f$, where $f$ is a $d$-closed $(1,1)$ form and is in the weighted Hilbert space with Gaussian measure, i.e., $L^2_{(1,1)}(\mathbb{C}^n,e^{-|z|^2})$. The novelty of this paper is to apply a weighted $L^2$ version of Poincar\'e Lemma for $2$-forms, and then apply H\"{o}rmander's $L^2$ solutions for Cauchy-Riemann equations. In the both cases, the same weight $e^{-|z|^2}$ is used.


Acute airway obstruction caused by goiter hemorrhage is a rare but potentially life‐threatening condition. We report a case of nodular goiter in which spontaneous rupture with active bleeding developed suddenly, presenting as a large neck mass with dyspnea. Sonographic examination revealed a large inhomogeneous soft tissue mass in the left thyroid lobe containing some hypoechoic areas. Color Doppler and spectral Doppler analysis were consistent with a large hematoma and pseudoaneurysm, which was subsequently confirmed at surgery. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2007


We consider a joint location-inventory problem involving a single supplier and multiple retailers. Associated with each retailer is some variable demand. Due to this variability, some amount of safety stock must be maintained to achieve suitable service levels. However, risk-pooling benefits may be achieved by allowing some retailers to serve as distribution centers (and therefore inventory storage locations) for other retailers. The problem is to determine which retailers should serve as distribution centers and how to allocate the other retailers to the distribution centers. We formulate this problem as a nonlinear integer-programming model. We then restructure this model into a set-covering integer-programming model. The pricing problem that must be solved as part of the column generation algorithm for the set-covering model involves a nonlinear term in the retailerdistribution-center allocation terms. We show that this pricing problem can (theoretically) be solved efficiently, in general, and we show how to solve it practically in two important cases. We present computational results on several instances of sizes ranging from 33 to 150 retailers. In all cases, the lower bound from the linear-programming relaxation to the set-covering model gives the optimal solution.


Sea water, salt and mud have been used for centuries in beautification treatments, but their active ingredients have become a recent challenge in formulating new cosmetic products. Cosmetic ingredients which originate from the sea, are mostly obtained from algae, microalgae, marine sponges, corals and microorganisms. Exopolysaccharides (EPS) are new cosmetic ingredients produced by marine micro-organisms. They are used to protect skin from harmful external influences, give it softness and minimize fine lines. Pseudopterosins, present in the extracts of corals, are used to soothe the skin, while marine sponges are one of the major alternative to animal-derived collagen. Algae have been the most researched group, with the greatest potential among different sources of marine ingredients. Carrageenan, agar, and alginates from algae act as humectants, thickeners and gelling agents. The active ingredients of algae extracts (polysaccharides, proteins, vitamins, minerals) could hydrate, minimize fine lines, protect the skin from UV radiation, decrease redness and cellulite.


This paper presents an equalizer for a high-density optical disc reproducing apparatus. The equalizer ensures small bit error rate (BER) applying simple circuitry. The results of the experimental tests of the equalizer are described. The experimental comparison of the proposed equalizer with a known limit equalizer is given.


Under the circumstances that social robots are increasingly being developed and studied in service encounters at public spaces, are they introduced into residential environments (i.e., private space)? This study hypothesizes that a personal assistant device in residential environments should wear human-like appearance to engage in service as conversation partner. We implemented the interaction design that provides regular services as the current personal assistant and additional service as conversation partner, and then conducted a field experiment where the participants stayed in the hotel rooms with a smart speaker or a social robot. The results support the hypothesis in that of conversation amount and emotional experience by conversation. The results also suggest the possibility of commercial service, namely conversational advertisement through social robots.


The current study investigates if groups of students with distinctive deep approach and superficial approach profiles present differences in achievement. Data was analyzed from 679 middle school and high school students of one Belo Horizonte school. The classifying method k-means and ANOVA were used to identify e compare groups. Four students profiles were identified: deep (high AP and low AS), superficial (low AP and high AS), strategic (high AP and high AS), and not strategic (low AP and low AS). The deep students show superior achievement in all scholar contents and the superficial students show inferior achievement. These differences are discussed like the implications for the learning approaches theory.


Social reintegration is the process of establishing new norms and values for people with social problems in prisons. This article discusses the understanding of how Social Reintegration Programs for Correctional Prisoners program, especially to drug cases. The research conducted using a qualitative descriptive approach. The primary data derived from interview results combined with other printed documents. The results of this study indicate that the Social Reintegration Program has a potential to play a role in reducing overcapacity in the prisons, but its implementation still requires development. In addition, there is still a negative stigma labelled by the community to the prisons inhabitants in addition to inadequate facilities, infrastructure and budget as well as a lack of skills owned by the targeted citizens when out of prisons. Keywords: General election, people with disabilities, disability rights, voters.


Cooperation between wireless network users is a promising technique for improving the physical layer (PHY) security of wireless transmission in the presence of eavesdroppers. In practice, users may not always act as reliable cooperators. The misbehaviour of cooperative users may change the original security transmission condition. In this study, an algorithm that user splits or merges from coalition is proposed based on coalitional game with non-transferable utility. It obtains the maximum PHY security capacity of users in wireless networks even when there are users with dynamic behaviour. Simulation results show that a certain degree of misbehaviour can be tolerated by coalition. Analyses also show that the sensitivity of misbehaviour of the coalition is related to the position of users.


UDC 517.5
For any $p\in (0, \infty],$ $\omega > 0,$ $\beta \in (0, 2 \omega)$, and arbitrary measurable set $B \subset I_d := [0, d],$ $\mu B \le \beta,$ we obtain the sharp inequality of Remez type$$\|x_{\pm}\|_\infty \le\frac{\|(\varphi+c)_{\pm}\|_\infty}{\|\varphi+c\|_{L_p(I_{2\omega}\setminus B^c_y)}} \left\|x \right\|_{L_{p} \left(I_d \setminus B\right)}$$on the set $S_{\varphi}(\omega)$ of $d$-periodic functions $x$ having zeros with given the sine-shaped $2\omega$-periodic comparison function $\varphi$, where $c\in [-\|\varphi\|_\infty, \|\varphi\|_\infty]$ satisfies the condition$$\|x_{+}\|_\infty \cdot\|x_{-}\|^{-1}_\infty = \|(\varphi+c)_{+}\|_\infty \cdot\|(\varphi+c)_{-}\|^{-1}_\infty ,$$$B^c_y:=\{t\in [0, 2\omega]:|\varphi(t)+c| > y \}$ and $y$ is such that $\mu B^c_y = \beta$.
In particular, we obtain such type inequalities on the Sobolev sets of periodic functions and on the spaces of trigonometric polynomials and splines with given quotient $\|x_{+}\|_\infty / \|x_-\|_\infty$.


Rat orthotopic liver transplantation model surgery has developed nearly 40 years,from the initial complex surgical techniques approximate to human surgery,to single-cuff,two-cuff,three-cuff and improved two-cuff technique and other methods.Selection of different surgical methods impacts greatly on the success rate and survival rate after transplantation in rats,where great controversy still exists.Therefore,here is to make a systematic review on the development of the surgical methods development and summarize progress and the existing problems in recent years to provide references for surgery method selection.


Abstract In this paper we study the abstract convex program where S is an arbitrary convex cone in a finite dimensional space, Ω is a convex set and p and g are respectively convex and S (on Ω). We use the concept of a minimal cone for (P) to correct and strengthen a previous characterization of optimality for (P), see Theorem 3.2. The results presented here are used in a sequel to provide a Lagrange multiplier theorem for (P) which holds without any constraint qualification.


Abstract We show that nonconstant periodic solutions of the delay-differential system modeling a microbial population in the chemostat S (t) = 1 − S(t) − p(S(t))u(t) u (t) = u(t)[−1 + p(S(t − τ))] exist whenever the positive equilibrium is unstable.


Reaction of [Ir 2 (cyclooctene) 4 Cl 2 ] with CO, NHEt 2 , and PHPh 2 provides a synthetic route to the trinuclear, phosphido-bridged iridium clusters [Ir 3 (μ-PPh 2 ) 3 (CO) n L 2 ] (n=3, L=CO or PPh 3 , L 2 =bis(diphenylphosphino)methane (dppm); n=5, L=t-BuNC). The CO and PPh 3 complexes are analogues of previously known rhodium derivatives, and rhodium analogues of the dppm and t-BuNC complexes are also reported. [Ir 3 (μ-PPh 2 ) 3 (CO) 3 (dppm)] (I) and [Rh 3 (μ-PPh 2 ) 3 (CO) 3 (dppm)] (II) crystallize in the Pnma space group (Z=4)


We undertook the transcript profiling approach by Serial Analysis of Gene Expression (SAGE) to identify novel vascular markers in human venous and arterial endothelial cells (EC) isolated from fresh umbilical cord. Their transcript profiles were digitally compared to the microvascular EC and four non‐EC SAGE libraries retrieved from the NCBI SAGEmap database. From the data analysis, we identified a novel EC marker, placental endothelial protein‐1 (PEP‐1) that has interesting structure features and expression patterns. Northern Blot analysis demonstrated that PEP‐1 is selectively expressed in placenta over other normal human adult tissues. Real‐time qPCR assay reveals that PEP‐1 expression is significantly down‐regulated by IL‐1‐beta and TNF‐alpha in cultured ECs. Protein profile and pattern analysis on the cloned full‐length cDNA sequence of PEP‐1 has shown that the putative PEP‐1 precursor may represent a 1,657 amino acids glycoprotein that contains multiple thrombospondin type‐I repeats, one RGD binding motif and one CD36 binding domain. Finally, sequence‐structural analysis suggests that PEP‐1 possess potential cell‐to‐cell interaction and adhesion functions with reminiscences of tenascin, and may play an important role in regulating endothelial function. The exact function of PEP‐1 still needs to be determined by further studies.


Thai Sign Language Recognition is a Thai Sign Language learning computer recognition. The system constructs an architecture of T-SLR by TSR- 2DCNN based on NVIDIA Jetson Nano Developer Kit. It is a novelty of automatic translation TSL innovation and reveals the performance of feature extraction and classification to reduce crashed system, overloaded or automatic reboot while complicated processing occurs. The dataset contains 7 gestures in TSL, training images are 7,000 images and validation images are 700 images. The result compares with many techniques as shown that TSR-2DCNN can increase the performance of TSLR in real-time, effectiveness with an accuracy of 0.9914 and loss of 0.03537.


This study is aimed at clarifying the main reasons for the formation of consumer debt to pay for the services of housing and communal services. The subject of the study is the opinion of consumers about the quality of services and factors that reduce their payment. The purpose of this study is to identify the main reasons for non-payment of housing and communal services by consumers. To achieve the goal of the study, the following tasks were solved: the assessment of the quality of services was determined; the degree of consumer awareness was assessed; the main reasons for non-payment of services were identified. The research methodology was based on a sociological survey of consumers. For this, a quota proportional sample was used among consumers of housing and communal services in the city of Dzerzhinsk, Nizhny Novgorod region. The study was door-to-door with a given route. As a result, the following causes and factors affecting the occurrence of arrears in payment for services were identified: regular increase in tariffs; discrepancy between the price and the quality of services; lack of information about the rights and obligations of consumers in this area; low level of communication between consumers of services and performers; high need for meetings of owners of premises with representatives of housing and communal services; low income. The results of this study are of great theoretical significance for the development and formation of programs for the socio-economic development of individual municipalities, as well as for the development of strategic programs for the development of enterprises in the sphere of housing and communal services. The practical significance lies in the fact that the main stakeholders of this market, using the described methodology, can repeat the study to identify the main factors in quantitative terms that reduce the pace of sustainable development of housing and communal services and municipalities.


OBJECTIVES: to identify five- and eight-month old breast-feeding infants fed according to Health Ministry recommendations, cared for by the Instituto Materno Infantil Professor Fernando Figueira - IMIP Childcare Service; to ascertain the major problems faced by mothers in the process of weaning children; to identify the type of guidance given to mothers on how to initiate the food transition. METHODS: a descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out involving 101 mothers/children aged between five- and eight-months who had initiated food transition between April and August 2003. The mothers were asked to participate in the study prior to a consultation with a physician, according to criteria for inclusion and exclusion. The children were classified in compliance with the norms established by the Ministry of Health regarding the food transition. RESULTS: it was found that 79.2% of the children did not meet the Ministry of Health's norms for food transition. The reasons for not complying with the norms mentioned by mothers were as follows: refusal on the part of the child (23.5%); interference of grandmothers (19%); practicality of preparation/provision of porridge compared with solid food (17.7%). As for the type of guidance, 97.4% claimed to have received spoken and written guidance at work. In the case of the sample studied, nurses and grandmothers had played a major role in providing guidance on the food transition, 77% and 16%, respectively. CONCLUSION: only 20.8% of the children displayed an adequate feeding standard complying with the norms of the Ministry of Health. The mother, who is the one usually responsible for child care, was influenced by family members, especially the grandmother, and by society at large. It was also found that the majority (97.4%) of the mothers received written as well as spoken guidance.


Editor—The distal arthrogryposes are a group of inherited disorders with congenital contractures of the distal extremities. A father and daughter with similar distal extremity contractures, distinct facial features, depressed coronal sutures, and congenitally absent teeth characterise a new type of distal arthrogryposis.

An 11 year old girl was seen for evaluation of finger contractures. She had been noted at birth to have finger contractures and a "puffy face" (fig 1). Her birth weight was 4077 g and her length was 51 cm. At 11 months of age she had "trigger finger" releases of her fifth digits with some improvement. She was diagnosed at the age of nine with attention deficit disorder and treated with Ritalin. At the age of 10 she was treated by release of contracture and tendon balancing procedure of the right little finger. The left little finger was treated with a splint. There was no clinical evidence of neurological or muscle disease. She was at the 50th centile in height until 9 years when the rate of growth decreased.

Figure 1
AP photographs of the proband at birth (A), aged 11 (B), and of her father (C) showing small, horizontal palpebral fissures, broad base of the nose, and cupid's bow configuration of the upper lip. Depression of the coronal fissure is palpable but not seen in the photograph.

Examination at 11 years showed a head circumference …


Background
Many efforts over the past decade have focused on developing quality improvement and safety curricula for residents. Sponsoring institutions have encountered challenges aligning resident projects with institutional quality and safety priorities, engaging faculty mentors, and securing support for resident initiatives from executive leadership.

Objective
We developed a small grants program to support resident-led change projects intended to improve the clinical learning environment. We assessed program acceptability to residents and faculty, impact of program structure in supporting successful change projects, and program feasibility and financial sustainability.

Methods
Program acceptability was assessed through a review of resident participation. Three aspects of resident change project success were considered: (1) accomplishment of stated aims; (2) institutional change beyond the end of grant funding; and (3) academic publication or presentation. The impact of program structure on project success was assessed through a review of submitted end-of-year narrative reports.

Results
The Award Selection Committee has given 41 awards to 44 residents over 4 years, engaging 21% (44 of 213) of residents. Seventy-one percent of projects (29 of 41) produced changes that continued beyond the grant year, and 46% (19 of 41) produced an academic publication or presentation. At the end of the grant period that funded the program's initial 3 years, the chief executive officer elected to continue program funding.

Conclusions
A small grants program supporting resident-led change projects intended to improve the clinical learning environment is acceptable to residents and faculty, feasible to administer, and sustainable with support from institutional senior leaders.


Background: It is now recognized that post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) can occur following road traffic accidents, but controversy exists about the possibility of PTSD in people sustaining traumatic brain injury (TBI). The present investigation examined the frequency, course and comorbidity of PTSD in children with and without mild TBI after traffic accidents. Method: Interviews were conducted with 43 children and their parents 6 weeks after a traffic accident, assessing PTSD and associated symptomatology. Fourteen children sustained mild TBI and 29 had no TBI. A sub-set (n¼32) was re-interviewed 7 weeks later. Results: Children both with and without TBI reported PTSD symptomatology, but no significant group differences were found. At initial assessment, 74% of children were classified as having clinically significant PTSD symptomatology (86% and 69% in groups with and without TBI, respectively), which was strongly associated with report of general anxiety. At follow-up, PTSD symptomatology decreased, but 44% remained symptomatic (38% and 46% for those with and without TBI, respectively). Child and parental report of PTSD symptomatology were not significantly correlated. Conclusions: Presence of mild TBI did not influence the likelihood of experiencing PTSD symptomatology following a traffic accident. Given that PTSD symptomatology is a common consequence of traffic accidents in children, there is a clear need for provision of systematic assessment and, where appropriate, the implementation of intervention strategies to treat children.


Treatment of 5-cyano-1,3-dimethyluracil (8) with an activated acetonitrile, such as malononitrile, ethyl cyanoacetate or cyanoacetamide, in base afforded 7-amino-6-cyano-, 7-amino-6-ethoxycarbonyl-, and 7-amino-6-aminocarbonyl-1,3-dimethylpyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione (18b, 18c and 18d, respectively) in high yields. On the other hand, reaction of 8 with acetonitrile in base gave the Michael adduct, 5-cyano-6-cyanomethyl-5,6-dihydrouracil (15, R = H), and the hydrated product, 1,3-dimethyluracil-5-carboxamide (9) as the major products, and 7-amino-1,3-dimethylpyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione (18a) in only very low yield. Similar reaction with butanone gave 7-ethyl-1,3-dimethyl- and 1,3,6,7-tetramethylpyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione (10b and 10c) in low yields.

When 8 was treated with diethylmalonate in base, only a small amount of 6-ethoxycarbonyl-1,3-dimethylpyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-2,4,7(1H,3H,8H)-trione (19) was obtained together with 1,3-dimethylpyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione (20) and 18c (also in low yields). Treatment of 8 in ethanolic sodium ethoxide without added carbon nucleophile gave significant amounts (14%) of 20 and a small amount of 18c.


Objective
To analyze the effects of laparoscope-assisted Ivor-Lewis surgery on perioperative stress, immune responses and intestinal barrier function in elderly patients with esophageal cancer.

Methods
A prospective study including 55 elderly esophageal cancer patients undergoing laparoscope-assisted Ivor-Lewis surgery(the treatment group, n=25)and Ivor-Lewis surgery(the control group, n=25)was conducted.The white blood cell count, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, percentages of CD4 and CD8 cells, CD4/CD8 ratio, C reactive protein(CRP)and D-lactic acid levels were compared between the two groups before and at 1, 4 and 7 d after operation.

Results
The white blood cell count(t=2.689, P=0.010)and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio(t=3.300, P=0.002)were lower in the treatment group than in the control group at 1 d after operation.The percentage of CD4 cells was higher in the treatment group than in the control group at 1 d(t=2.242, P=0.029)and 4 d(t=2.031, P=0.047)after operation.The percentage of CD8 cells was higher in the treatment group than in the control group at 1 d after operation(t=2.041, P=0.046). The CD4/CD8 ratio was higher in the treatment group than in the control group at 1 d(t=2.833, P=0.007)and 4 d(t=2.111, P=0.036)after operation.The CRP level was lower in the treatment group than in the control group at 1 d(t=2.267, P=0.028)and 4 d(t=2.111, P=0.036)after operation.The D-lactic acid level was lower in the treatment group than in the control group at 1 d(t=2.267, P=0.028), 4 d(t=7.967, P<0.01)and 7 d(t=2.541, P=0.014)after operation.

Conclusions
Laparoscope-assisted Ivor-Lewis surgery has good protective effects on perioperative stress, immune responses and intestinal barrier function in elderly patients with esophageal cancer.

Key words:
Esophageal neoplasms; Laparoscopic; Immunity


Muscle-based facial animation [Lee et al. 1995] is one of the best approaches to realize facial expressions of characters. However, this approach does not consider the personal variation in facial tissue model such as skin thickness. So personal character in emotional expression can not be reflected in this model.


The accurate load identification can ensure the security and reliability of engineering structures. Recently, this technique has attracted much attention by many scholars. This paper concludes the latest load identification technologies at home and abroad, which include the machine learning methods based on neural network method, support vector machine (SVM) and optimization methods, and the wavelet transform method. In addition, their advantages and disadvantages and the applicable ranges are also discussed. Finally, the prospect of dynamic load identification was discussed, so as to extend the application area of load identification. n�GeZ����6�span>dentification


This article analyzes the new direction of foreign policy concept in modern Russia - its diaspora diplomacy focused on the use of resources of foreign nationals in the interest of the country of origin. As part of this new direction for the Russian foreign policy, the Russian diaspora, and if you take more widely - the Russian world, is viewed as a partner in expanding and strengthening the space of the Russian language and culture, promoting the interests of Russia as a country-metropolis abroad. The author shows that Russia has recognized this foreign part of the world as its compatriots associated with Russian historical, ethnic, cultural, linguistic and spiritual ties. A considerable part of the Russian world (almost 130 thousand people) currently resides in the territory of Latin America and the Caribbean states, with which over the past decade there has been significantly intensified the political, trade-economic, humanitarian and cultural cooperation. The aim of the article is to review the historical experience of the diaspora diplomacy, the subject of which in the twentieth century was the Russian diaspora in Latin America. In this regard, the task is to reveal the formation of the Russian diaspora in the continent throughout the twentieth century in the context of the history of emigration, connecting it with such important events of the Russian and world history as the Russian revolution of 1917, the Civil War, World War II and the collapse of the Soviet Union. The article provides the role of the Russian world of Latin American countries in establishing the space of a constructive dialogue between civilizations and numerous examples of peaceful integration of cultures of different ethnic groups. The author concludes that by promoting the cultural, linguistic and historical heritage as well as its own scientific, economic and human potential, the Russian diaspora in Latin America acts as a kind of agent-based resource for Russia as the country-metropolis. In this regard, it is evident that the development of cooperation of Russia with compatriots, including the practice of "network diplomacy" of the Russian-speaking diaspora, will contribute to the Russian presence in the humanitarian, cultural and information field in the region and will provide additional opportunities for strengthening Russia's position in the Ibero-American world on the whole.


Background. Antenatal care has undergone continuous development over the past decades, but little is known about women's views and expectations. The objective of this study was to explore women's expectations on antenatal care, preferences regarding number of visits and attitudes to continuity of midwife caregiver in a national sample of Swedish‐speaking women.


This article, as a main contribution, shows a new agile way to manage and monitor R&I projects, by monitoring product development. In addition, a new way of calculating the rigor of this type of projects is presented using the "3D rigor method", based on obtaining the rigor measures of the product, process and reputation of the project researchers. Thanks to this new method, it is possible to know the rigor of an R&I project at any time during its development, which enables its monitoring and management to adapt it to the interests and needs of each situation. On the one hand, this method is presented as a tool of great utility for new researchers, since it will allow them to guide the development of their R&I project in an agile way, adjusted to the speed of the current times, while maintaining minimum levels of rigor and scientific quality. On the other hand, the method is highly recommended for all those organizations that promote and support the development of new R&I projects, enabling them to mentor and guide the projects towards the achievement of specific objectives and viable projects.


The emergence timing, quality and diet of chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, fry were studied as they emerged from ten natural redds. The impact of selected environmental factors on emergence was studied also. Samples of fry were obtained daily using redd traps.

The mean period of total emergence for redds with more than 450 fry emerging was 44.8 days (range 25–57 days), but for 80% of the fry in each redd to emerge the mean time elapsed was 10.8 days (range 6–21 days). No fry sampled had a visible yolk sac. The effect of temperature and light on emergence timing was weak, but stream flow had a strong influence. Fry length was constant for each redd throughout emergence, but fry weight tended to decline; consequently condition factor declined also. There was evidence that fry fed before emergence, but they did not grow. The major prey item, Deleatidium spp. (47.4% of the contents of all stomachs sampled), was the most abundant invertebrate in stream benthos and drift. Empty stomachs were prevalent at the start of emergence, with full stomachs becoming more common as emergence progressed.

The time distribution of numbers of fry emerging was usually unimodal, but occasionally bimodal. Over one third of fry emerged during the best 2 days of sampling.


Abstract Objectives: The aim of this study was to study the ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potentials, cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potentials, and bithermal caloric test results in subjects with vestibular migraine and to discover whether they are correlated. Study design: The study group included 50 patients with vestibular migraine (32 females, 18 males), with age range 18–60 years (38 ± 12.2). The control group included 60 healthy volunteers of matched age and gender distribution. Audiovestibular evaluation in the form of pure tone audiometry, middle ear immittance, ocular and cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potentials, and a bithermal caloric test were performed after at least three days from the last migraine or vertiginous episode; none of the study group was kept on prophylactic treatment for migraine. Results: Normal vestibular evoked myogenic potentials and caloric responses were reported in the entire control group and 12 subjects (24%) of the study group. Unilateral canal paresis was reported in 19 subjects in the study group. Abnormal ocular and cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potentials were registered in 27 and 30 subjects of the study group, respectively; abnormal vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (either ocular or cervical) were registered in 38 subjects. In this study 80 abnormal ocular and cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potentials were registered in the study group; there were 14 traces showing delayed peak latency and 66 traces showing absent responses. There were positive correlations between the incidence of canal paresis and both abnormal ocular and cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potentials in the ipsilateral and the contralateral ears. Conclusions: The patients with vestibular migraine showed a significantly higher prevalence of abnormal bithermal caloric test results and ocular and cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potentials. Significant canal paresis is associated with more pronounced abnormal vestibular evoked myogenic potentials


Investigations have been performed on the spatial distributions of high-order generation from solid surface plasmas. It is found that the divergence of the harmonics gradually increases at intensities between I(lambda) 2 equals 2 X 1015 and 2 X 1016 X cm-2 X micrometers 2 ps, 1054 nm laser pulse with typical maximum intensities of approximately 2 X 1017 W X cm-2. We experimentally observe that the divergence of the harmonics decreases as the order of the harmonic increases. We also measured that the divergence of the third harmonic emission is smaller for 2.2 ps width lasers as compared with those for 100 ps pulse width lasers.


The effects of conventional and reduced impact logging (RIL) practices on tree growth, mortality, and recruitment were assessed in a lowland dipterocarp forest of East Kalimantan, Indonesia. All trees >or= 10 cm dbh were measured in 12 - four hectare permanent plots, before and after logging, during the period 1986-1994. Volume extracted during selection logging ranged from 51 to 247.8 m3/ha in areas using conventional harvesting practices, compared to 23.5-217.8 m3/ha where RIL techniques were applied. On average, conventional logging damaged 48% of the pre-harvest stems, versus 25% using RIL measures with a felling intensity < 8 trees /ha. Where RIL practices exceeded a felling intensity of 8 trees/ha, the effectiveness of RIL in limiting forest damage was significantly reduced. Two years after logging, areas with the highest level of damage had the highest annual tree mortality (3%), whereas sites exhibiting basal area removals of < 20% had annual mortality rates similar to undisturbed primary forest (1.6%). Mean annual diameter increment in undisturbed forest was 2.2 mm/year with dipterocarp growing faster than the other species (3 mm/year). Two years after logging, there was a significant increase of growth of both all the remaining tree population (3.9 mm/year) and dipterocarps (5.1 mm/year). Based on these findings and growth rates increments as well, a second harvest volume of 56 M3 /ha can be expected 60 years following logging in primary forest, where RIL measures remove less than 8 trees/ha during the initial harvest event. Limiting the intensity of the harvest to < 8 trees/ha, and applying RIL techniques leads to faster stand recovery and greater second rotation harvest volumes compared to conventional logging practices. However, neither system yields acceptable harvest volumes on 35 year rotations, as recommended by the Indonesian forest management regulations


BACKGROUND & AIMS
Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (PJS) is typically manifested as severe gastrointestinal polyposis. Polyps in PJS patients and in Lkb1(+/-) mice that model PJS polyposis are frequently characterized by elevated cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). This study was designed to determine whether COX-2 inhibition would reduce tumor burden in Lkb1(+/-) mice or Peutz-Jeghers patients.

METHODS
Genetic interactions between Cox-2 and Lkb1 in polyp formation were analyzed in mice with combined deficiencies in these genes. Pharmacologic inhibition of COX-2 was achieved by supplementing the diet of Lkb1(+/-) mice with 1500 ppm celecoxib between 3.5-10 and 6.5-10 months. In PJS patients, COX-2 was inhibited with a daily dose of 2 x 200 mg celecoxib for 6 months.

RESULTS
Total polyp burden in Lkb1(+/-) mice was significantly reduced in a Cox-2(+/-) (53%) and in a Cox-2(-/-) (54%) background. Celecoxib treatment initiating before polyposis (3.5-10 months) led to a dramatic reduction in tumor burden (86%) and was associated with decreased vascularity of the polyps. Late treatment (6.5-10 months) also led to a significant reduction in large polyps. In a pilot clinical study, a subset of PJS patients (2/6) responded favorably to celecoxib with reduced gastric polyposis.

CONCLUSIONS
These data establish a role for COX-2 in promoting Peutz-Jeghers polyposis and suggest that COX-2 chemoprevention may prove beneficial in the treatment of PJS.


In the present age of information overload, it is becoming increasingly harder to find relevant content. Recommender systems have been introduced to help people deal with these vast amounts of information and have been widely used in research as well as e-commerce applications. In this paper, we propose several new approaches to improve the accuracy of recommender systems by using rating variance to gauge the confidence of recommendations. We then empirically demonstrate how these approaches work with various recommendation techniques. We also show how these approaches can generate more personalized recommendations, as measured by the coverage metric. As a result, users can be given a better control to choose whether to receive recommendations with higher coverage or higher accuracy.


The bench-scale and industrial flotation test results of Jiangxi Copper Corporation's Dexing Copper Mine show that the flotation separation of Cu/Fe sulfide minerals is achieved at pH value about 13 for sodium butyl xanthate(SBX) and pH value around 10.5 for combined collectors ethoxylcarbonyl thiourea(ECTU) and SBX.Compared with the SBX system,the consumption amount of lime decreases 2/3 and the recoveries rates of Cu,Au and Mo in the copper concentrates increase by the combined collectors system.The flotation results were analyzed from the structure-activity of collectors by generalized perturbation theory and density functional calculation at B3PW91/6-31G(D) level.The S atom of C=S group in ECTU molecule is at the reactive centre of ECTU.The highest occupied molecular orbit(HOMO) of ECTU and next higher occupied molecular orbit(NHOMO) are mainly constitued by p-orbit of thiocarbonyl sulfur atom and their orbital eigenvalues have similar values.The lowest unoccupied molecular orbit(LUMO) of ECTU,which is constituted by pz-orbit of every atoms in the conjugate —O—C(=O)—N—C(=S)—N— group and pleased with accepting richly d-orbital electrons(feedback electrons) from the(t2g)6(eg)3Cu(Ⅱ) or t6e4 Cu(Ⅰ) configuration of copper cation on the surfaces of copper sulfide minerals,results in the formation of dative π-bond.The iron atom,which has a(t2g)6(eg)0Fe(Ⅱ) or(t2gа)3(egа)2 Fe(Ⅲ) configuration on the surfaces of iron sulfide minerals,has difficulty in offering its d-orbital electrons(feedback electrons) to LUMO of ECTU.ECTU collectors are powerful for copper sulfide minerals and very selective against iron sulfides,which is further confirmed by UV and FTIR spectra.


Surgical procedures requiring close contact with saliva, such as salivary gland surgery, may determine the risk of spreading the SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. The use of PPE and isolation settings are mandatory to protect health workers.


The synthesis of isomuscarine (IIc) and of its three isomers is described. Their structure were established on the basis of N.M.R. and I.R. data. Unlike the dioxolane (I), from which they are formally derived by substituting the oxygen in position 3 by a CHOH group, the isomuscarines are completely devoid of cholinergic activity. This result is explained by the impossibility of the corresponding receptor site of accepting a group larger than the ether oxygen. Interactions of the onium and C-7 methyl groups are assumed to be the driving forces for binding with the muscarinic receptor while a dipole-dipole interaction for oxygenated functions is proposed.


Ground penetrating radar (GPR) has shown to provide useful results for detection of buried objects. However, its performance sufiers from strong re∞ection from ground surface especially for shallowly buried targets. In such cases, the detection problem depends on the separation of the target signal from the ground backscatter such as landmines and unexploded ordnances. In this paper, we discuss and analyze the use of space-frequency time-reversal matrices for the enhancement of ground penetrating radar signals and potential clutter reduction. Through the use of sliding windows, submatrices from a given B-scan (radargram) are utilized to extract localized scattering information of a given detection scenario. Each sub-B-scan is decomposed to its singular vectors and later used to render synthetic aperture time-domain singular vector distributions corresponding to difierent scattering mechanisms. Later, they are weighted by the singular values and subtracted from the full B-scan to achieve reduced clutter and enhanced target response. The method shows satisfactory results for shallowly buried dielectric targets even in the presence of rough surface proflles.


Objective To determine whether annual surgeon volume of lateral neck dissections for squamous cell carcinoma is associated with complication rates. Study Design Retrospective review. Setting Two US databases spanning 2000 to 2014. Methods Neck dissections for squamous cell carcinoma from the National Inpatient Sample and State Inpatient Databases were analyzed. The primary outcome was any in-hospital complication common to neck dissection. The principal independent variable was surgeon volume. A multivariable logistic generalized estimating equation with a piecewise linear spline for surgeon volume was fit to assess its association with complication. Results The National Inpatient Sample had 3517 discharges fitting criteria, a median surgeon volume of 12, and an 11.1% complication rate. A 1-unit increase in surgeon volume was associated with a 7% increase in the odds of complication when volume ranged between 4 and 19 (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 1.07; 95% CI, 1.04-1.11) and with a 3% decrease in the odds of complication when volume ranged between 19 and 51 (AOR, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.96-0.99). The State Inpatient Databases had 2876 discharges fitting criteria, a median surgeon volume of 30, and a 13.5% complication rate. Surgeon volume was not associated with complication when <27 (AOR, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.99-1.02), but a 5-unit increase in volume was associated with a 7% decrease in the odds of complication with volume ≥27 (AOR, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.88-0.98). Conclusions Surgeon volume was associated with complications for most volume ranges and with lower odds of complication for high-volume surgeons.


Cyber situational awareness is the ultimate outcome of mature threat intelligence. Though we normally think of threat intelligence as a defender's practice, extensive study of advanced cyberespionage operations reveals that attackers are engaged in a similar activity. Defenders apply threat intelligence insights to ensure that attackers don't gain persistent access to their enterprise machines. Similarly, attackers monitor for the presence of other threat actors to ensure that they're the sole owners of a given victim box. While allied organizations engage in a bureaucratic process of victim deconfl iction, it turns out that adversarial organizations have turned to embedding anti-virus-like techniques into their malware in order to do the same. This paper will focus on in-the-wild examples of these techniques and provide a conceptual framework for understanding adversarial deconfl iction and its ramifi cations.


This study assessed the stress levels among undergraduates in Nigeria, focusing on Babcock University. Using multistage sampling, 605 students were selected from 5 out of the 6 schools in the University to participate in the study. The factors examined included age, gender, religion and marital status of the respondents. Also, the respondents were classed into different stress personality types using the previously standardized Emotional Stress Inventory Questionnaire (ESIQ). Common stressors were also identified. The majorities of the respondents (78%) were less than 20 years of age, female (54%), single (96%), belong to the Yoruba ethnic group (56%) and are Christians (91%). Also, 60% of the respondents belong to personality type A. Top ten stressors causing moderate to high stress among respondents were academic oriented. However, the major stressor was the fear of graduating (with a mean of 3.02±1.11). Policies and programmes geared towards enhancing effective stress coping strategies, especially targeting key stressors, should be put in place by appropriate educational ministries and by the University administration. Furthermore, Corroborative intervention education should be designed and administered to University students by public and mental health experts in order to help student develop personal coping skills and reduce stress on our campuses.


[Objective]To investigate the mental and physical health condition of Locomotive engineers after the line of their duty.take effective strategies to ensure safety transportation.[Methods]52 locomotive engineers and 117 employees on duty were randomly selected for this study from December 2004 to January 2005.[Results]The incidence concerning 7 subjective fatigue in locomotive engineer was higher than that in employees on duty P0.01 or 0.05),of the symptoms concerning subjective fatigue,the positive rate of physical fatigue,mental and sensory fatigue was higher in locomotive engineers than that in the employees on duty(P0.01 or 0.05),The average response duration to red and green was higher than that in employees on duty.The critical flicker fusion frequency for average change of red,yellow and green was lower than that in the employees on duty(P0.05).[Conclusion]The sensory of fatigue was up in Locomotive engineers after the line of their duty.


Much has been written during recent years about the defects of American municipal government. And all sorts of remedies have been proposed, and many of them put to the test of experience. Discussion and agitation, followed by legislation and the election of better officials, have wrought great improvement in many communities; and even the most recent disclosures of intolerable conditions have been signs of an awakened public opinion and the direct cause of uprooting some evils. But no one has suggested that we have as yet reached a state of perfection in municipal government, or that we are in any immediate danger of attaining such a state.


Objective To explore the effect of implementation of clinical nursing pathway in patients with cerebral hemorrhage.Methods 114 cases of patients were randomly divided into the observation group(n = 57) and the control group(n =57).Patients in the observation group were adopted perioperative clinical nursing pathway,while patients in the control group were adopted routine nursing.Effects of nursing were compared between the two groups.Results The health knowledge education test scores,satisfaction of patients and ADL score in the observation group were all higher than those of the control group;hospital stays,hospital expenses in the observation group were significantly lower than those of the control group,all indexes of the two groups had significant differences(P 0.05).Conclusion Implementation of clinical nursing pathway in patients with cerebral hemorrhage can improve nursing quality,reduce hospital stays and hospital expenses.


Abstract This study assesses the performance of various stochastic models in generating daily precipitation amounts and the durations of wet and dry spells across Canada for the period 1971–2000. The models are tested at 657 stations representing the wide range of climate variability across the country. It is found that the simple firstorder Markov chain (SMC) model is capable of reproducing the statistics of dry and wet spell durations reasonably well. However, the SMC model also yields a substantial over‐dispersion problem, resulting in a considerable reduction of interannual variability in monthly total precipitation. This is mainly attributable to smaller variability in the frequency of wet days. This inadequacy is improved by adding a separate model to simulate the number of wet days in a year. The modification to the SMC model has an advantage over alternative approaches using higher order Markov chains since it requires the estimation of fewer parameters. The generation of daily precipitation amounts is tested using the exponential, gamma, skewed normal, and mixed exponential probability distributions, with one to three parameters. Results indicate that the mixed exponential distribution is superior in general, especially during warmer months, while the gamma distribution is adequate for winter months.


An apparatus for applying powder paint on a vehicle coating line is provided to control the injection amount of the powder paint by controlling supply quantity of the air delivering the powder paint automatically according to thickness of a film. An apparatus(100) for applying powder paint on a vehicle coating line comprises the followings: a painting portion(10); a plurality of spray units(20) spraying the powder paint, and installed at the painting portion; an air supplying unit(30) supplying the air into the spray units; a powder paint supply unit(40) supplying the powder paint with air; a film measuring unit(50) outputting measured data with a controller; and air control unit(60) controlling amount of the air supplied from the powder paint supply unit.


The work is dealing with advertising photography and photographers, who were engaged in this area between the world wars. Also with advertisement and other branches, that caused development of advertising photography.


Students won't have long to w a it fo r new social space on campus plans ca ll fo r a 24hour lounge in the Oak Room Cafeteria s ta rting Sept. 6, ac cording to Tom Doyle, student body president. " I t 's been something we've been w orking on a ll summer. I t 's something the students rea lly wanted, " Doyle said. " This w ill be seven days a week, 24 hours a day as fa r as I know ," said M ike Paese, stu dent body vice president. Doyle said the Oak Room would " o ffe r a lim ited menu, w ith Cokes, hamburgers, fries, coffee s tu ff we can sell late at n igh t." Doyle also said that the menu had not been finalized. D irector of Food Services W illiam H ickey was in  strum enta l in the 24 hour lounge plans, said Doyle. " We can't thank M r. H ickey enough," he said. " We went to h im and he said ' i f th a t's what the students want, th a t's what we'l l do.' " " I t 's a defin ite sacrifice fo r them (U n ivers ity Food Ser vices) to help the student body," added Paese. Student government w ill cover the cost of any damages to the Oak Room, said Paese. Any other payments fo r the use of the Oak Room " have not THURSDAY, AUGUST 25, 1988


We provide a way of generating and observing molecular quantum gyroscopic motion that resembles gyroscopic motion of classical rotors. After producing a nonspreading rotational wave packet called a cogwheel state, one can generate a gyroscopic precession motion by applying an external magnetic field interacting through a rotational magnetic dipole moment. The quantum rotors, realized with linear nonparamagnetic ionic molecules trapped in an ion trap, can keep their gyroscopic motion for a long time in a collectively synchronized fashion. A Coulomb-explosion technique is suggested to observe the gyroscopic motion. Despite limited molecular species, the observation of the gyroscopic motion can be adopted as a method to measure rotational $g$ factors of molecules.