FIELD: physics. SUBSTANCE: electronic clocks allow for establishing at any moment, the first initial flight date relative the local time scale or universal time scale, and determine the corresponding first time scale. Besides that electronic clocks allow for establishing, at any moment, a second initial date of one flight phases relative the first time scale or universal time and determine the corresponding second time scale. Electronic clocks have installation apparatus, memory devices, computer devices and analogue and digital visualisation tools. Digital visualisation tools display negative time values, if the initial date has not come yet and a positive time value if that date has passed. They have five sound devices, a chronometer and a timer. EFFECT: wider functional capabilities of electronic clocks. 10 cl, 9 dwg


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to identify and evaluate the numerous reprints recently published of the work of George Bradshaw.Design/methodology/approach – An account is given of how various publishers have handled the reprint process, and how their publications compare, both with the originals and with each other.Findings – Publishers of reprints have taken a number of different approaches. While editing and re‐formatting can add value, publishers have not always been careful to document what is original and what they have added, resulting in some confusion. More could be done to improve appeal.Originality/value – With the shift from photo‐reproduction to digital scanning, there are new possibilities for reprinting classic texts, though few publishers have taken advantage of these. The popularity of transport history and heritage issues, particularly with media tie‐ins, opens up new publishing possibilities.


Objective:To study the relationship of pathogenic microorganism culture results from cervical secretions and placental swab from fetal death and intrauterine infection.Methods:From June 2010 to December 2011, the clinical data of 54 cases of fetal death among pregnant women who delivered in Ningbo Women and Children's Hospital were analyzed retrospectively.In these cases, cultivation of cervical secretions and from placenta swab for general bacteria, mycoplasma, gonorrhea, and chlamydia were done,and all placentas received the pathological examination.The different degrees of placental chorioamnionitis with positive results of Pathogenic microorganism culture, and the rates of placental chorioamnionitis of different weeks were compared.Results:① Among 54 cases, the cervical secretions culture positive rates were 65.12%( mycoplasma),23.26%(fungus ), 18.60%( G+ cocci ), 13.95%( G- bacilli ), 6.98%( G+ bacilli ), and 4.65%( Chlamydia),respectively; placental swab culture results showed mycoplasma in 9 cases, fungus in 4 cases, bacteria in 3 cases.② The positive rates of pathogenic microorganism culture had significant differences among mild , moderate and severe placental chorioamnionitis ,respectively which were 57.14%、84.62% and 100%(χ2 =8.790,P=0.012).The positive rates of placental swab culture respectively which were 14.29%、30.77% and 66.67%(χ2 =8.854,P=0.012).③The rate of placental chorioamnionitis was 100.00% in fetal death of 20~27+6 weeks and was significant different from the total rate of 28~33+6weeks(70.59%),34~36+6weeks(66.67%)and 37 weeks later(66.67%)(χ2=5.545,P=0.019;χ2=6.222,P=0.013;χ2=6.061,P=0.014).Conclusions:The yeast infection of pathogenic microorganism may be closely related to the increasing incidence of fetal death.The degree of placental chorioamnionitis may be related to pathogenic microorganism infection.Thinking highly of cervical secretions examination before 28 gestational weeks and subsequent early intervention can help to improve pregnancy outcome.


Microseismic monitoring is widely used to analyze the locations and growth directions of fractures formed at sites of hydraulic fracturing treatment and CO2 geologic sequestration. Because moment tensors can provide focal mechanisms, moment tensor inversion has received considerable attention in microseismic monitoring; the real-time processing of moment tensor inversion is important for rapid decision-making. Pre-trained machine learning (ML) models can make nearly instantaneous predictions in the application stage and thus present an attractive alternative to real-time processing. However, prior information regarding the velocity model at the target site is a prerequisite for generating the dataset used to train the ML model that is applied in moment tensor inversion. In addition, it is difficult to create the training dataset because it requires three-dimensional numerical modelling when the velocity model is complex; numerous simulations must be executed for sources with various locations and moment tensors. To overcome these limitations, we applied the domain adaptation technique to the convolutional neural network (CNN)-based moment tensor inversion method, which uses peak amplitudes and arrival times of P- and S-waves as input features. The CNN model was pre-trained with the dataset generated from a homogeneous velocity model. Then, in the domain adaptation stage, the pre-trained model was fine-tuned along with the target dataset. To validate the performance of the domain adaptation, moment tensors from both horizontal and tilted three-layer models were predicted. In each case, the domain-adapted model performance was similar to the performances of the CNN-based models that had been trained using the dataset generated with the exact target velocity models.


Congenital biliary atresia ranks high in the candidacy list for hepatic transplantation, and constitutes the single most frequent indication for liver replacement in a series reported from our institution.25 In 2 patients treated in this manner, hepatoma was present in the cirrhotic livers, excised at the time of transplantation. The diagnosis of hepatoma had been made pre-operatively in 1 instance, but in the other the finding of a tumour in the specimen was a surprise.

The occurrence of primary liver cell carcinoma in livers with pre-existing cirrhosis due to congenital biliary atresia is unusual. Absolon first mentioned this association in a report on thoracic duct lymph drainage for bile duct atresia.1 Three cases were subsequently reported by Okuyama.20 Fish10 and Deoras.7.

This communication reports on the 2 above-mentioned cases of congenital biliary atresia with concomitant hepatoma treated by hepatic replacement.


TMSCl works as an acid catalyst precursor for selective esterification of L-aspartic and L-glutamic acids in the presence of primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols. Although excess TMSCl was required for the completion of esterification, the resulting alkyl TMS ether could be azeotropically removed by simple evaporation with alcohol.


Due to the increasing demand for carious methodologies to improve the quality of products were introduced. A Brush the most frequently used type of grinding process is one of the deburring. in order to produce consistent burr shape, various machining conditions have been combined and applied to disk grinding process. Between the workpiece and the grinding disc to earn depends on the angle of the slope has been observed. Drastic increase of tool wear has been also observed along the inclination angle variation. Various burr shapes have been captured and analyzed using image processing technique.


Gaseous exhaust of different industries contains dust particles of different chemical precipitates that are harmful for the environment. Electrostatic Precipitators are very often used in industrie ...


The following new species of Eleodes have recently, come to hand and are described as follows: Eleodes indentata n. sp. (Subgenus Blapylis Horn.) Female—From ovate, about twice as long as wide, widest across middle of the elytra. Color deep black, luster polisheci ancl shining. Head slightly widest across the eyes, before the post-ocular line a little more than twice as wide as long; sides of the front scarcely as prominent as the eyes, arcuately convergent to the oblique sutures and there broadly sinuate; sides of the epistoma straight and convergent, angles evenly. rounded, apex broadly sinuate : frons feebly convex, s1ight1y and broadly impressed within the moderatc supra-antennal convexities, very densely punctate, punctures coarse and more or less coalescent, smaller on the occiput. Labmrum transverse, densely punctete in apical one-half, thence to base smooth and very sparsel punctate.


The opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa forms biofilm infections in the lungs of people with the genetic condition cystic fibrosis (CF) that can persist for decades. There are numerous P. aeruginosa lifestyle changes associated with chronic biofilm infection cued by the CF lung environment. These include a loss of virulence, metabolic changes, and increased antimicrobial tolerance. We have investigated P. aeruginosa PA14 biofilm infection over 7 d in an ex vivo pig lung (EVPL) model for CF, previously shown to facilitate formation of a clinically-relevant P. aeruginosa biofilm structure with gene expression comparable to human infection. We extracted and sequenced P. aeruginosa RNA from EVPL-associated biofilms 24 h, 48 h, and 7 d after infection, and compared gene expression between sequential time points. We also investigated tolerance to polymyxins across these three time points. Our results indicate that the EVPL model can maintain a P. aeruginosa biofilm population, which exhibits increased antibiotic tolerance, for at least 7 d. Differential expression of antimicrobial resistance-associated genes was not observed, however there was significant upregulation of sulfur metabolism and phenazine biosynthesis-related genes, as well as maintenance of a structured biofilm. These findings provide further insight into the incidence of increased P. aeruginosa antibiotic tolerance during infection of the CF lung, and the gene expression changes that arise as chronic infection establishes.


To accommodate the decreasing gate oxide thickness associated with Digital's new 0.5 /spl mu/m technology, the hardware for the pre-metallization sputter etches was retrofitted to reduce plasma damage. This change consisted of replacing the triode sputtering chambers in five sputtering tools with inductively coupled plasma sources. The new hardware not only had to be fully characterized and optimized, but required another climb up the manufacturability learning curve for particulate control and maintainability. Over a year and a half period, new procedures to improve availability were implemented resulting in a 9,000 wafer increase in the number of wafers run between etch chambers preventative maintenance intervals.


Objective
To evaluate the reliability and validity of Chinese version of the competency inventory for nursing students(CINS).

Methods
The competency inventory for nursing students was translated and revised in Chinese version. Totally, 266 baccalaureate nursing students were tested by the Chinese version CINS.SPSS17.0 was used to test the reliability and validity.

Results
The Cronbach's α of CINS was 0.966 and Cronbach's α of each dimensionality was ranged from 0.827 to 0.951. The Split-half reliability of Guttman of CINS was 0.828 and Split-half reliability of Guttman of each dimensionality was ranged from 0.724 to 0.942. The test-retest reliability was 0.737 and the content validity was 0.956.The correlation coefficients among dimensionalities were ranged from 0.491 to 0.781(P<0.01). The correlation coefficients between dimensionalities and the total scale were ranged from 0.738 to 0.884(P<0.01). Five factors were extracted by exploratory factor analysis, accounting for 66.404% of the total variance in the scale.

Conclusion
Chinese version of CINS is reliable and valid, and can be used to assess the competency of nursing students.

Key words:
Nursing students; Competency; Reliability; Validity


Maintaining good vision is an important aspect of overall health. Older adults are at increased risk for age-related eye conditions like cataracts, glaucoma, macular degeneration, and diabetic eye disease. Those with poor vision are also more likely to experience falls, social isolation, and decreased independence.

Many vision problems can be prevented or corrected with proper medical care. However, identifying those who are affected by or at risk for these problems can be challenging. In March 2018, the University of Michigan National Poll on Healthy Aging asked a national sample of adults age 50–80 about their vision and their experiences getting eye care.


Androgens stimulate beard growth but suppress hair growth in androgenetic alopecia (AGA). This condition is known as 'androgen paradox'. Human pilosebaceous units possess enough enzymes to form the active androgens testosterone and dihydrotestosterone. In hair follicles, 5α‐reductase type 1 and 2, androgen receptors (AR) and AR coactivators can regulate androgen sensitivity of dermal papillae (DP). To regulate hair growth, androgens stimulate production of IGF‐1 as positive mediators from beard DP cells and of TGF‐β1, TGF‐β2, dickkopf1 and IL‐6 as negative mediators from balding DP cells. In addition, androgens enhance inducible nitric oxide synthase from occipital DP cells and stem cell factor for positive regulation of hair growth in beard and negative regulation of balding DP cells. Moreover, AGA involves crosstalk between androgen and Wnt/β‐catenin signalling. Finally, recent data on susceptibility genes have provided us with the impetus to investigate the molecular pathogenesis of AGA.


Purpose. The prevailing literature suggests that organizations can sustain their vitality and longevity by preserving their core ideology. The purpose of this study is to define and articulate the core convictions of Seventh-day Adventist healthcare and then investigate how the leaders' and employees' cognitive understandings, behaviors, and affective attachments align at Florida Hospital in Orlando, Florida. Method. This two-phased sequential exploratory study utilizes qualitative research to define the core convictions of Seventh-day Adventist healthcare through historical literature review, analysis of official Church publications, four commissioned scholarly papers, and one-on-one interviews with seasoned healthcare administrators. These findings are then used to develop a questionnaire administered at Florida Hospital to determine the perceptual gaps and alignments with the core convictions of Seventh-day Adventist healthcare. Results. The core convictions of Seventh-day Adventist healthcare are: Wholeness, Healing Ministry of Christ,Health Principles, Honoring the Beliefs of the Seventh-day Adventist Church, Image of God, and Community Service. In testing these care convictions, full alignment was determined between the senior leaders and middle management in cognitive understanding, behavioral application, and affective connection. Statistically significant differences exist between senior leaders and middle management compared to employees in four of the six core convictions. The Health Principles and the behavioral dimension are fully aligned across the segmented groups. Full alignment is also determined for the Christian-based religions across all six core convictions. Conclusions. The institutionalization of the core convictions of Seventh-day Adventist healthcare must be further incorporated into the sensemaking paradigm of Florida Hospital in order to protect the ongoing confessional identity.


Background Functional asymmetries of the lower limbs(FA) have been recognised as a potential source of injury risk of in soccer players;moreover a difference in strength performance between the lower limbs exceeding 15% is considered an injury risk factor. Preventative strategies should be integrated into young football player training regimes. Table 1. Young soccer players: mean age 9.1±0.1 years. n.athletes>15% Total %>15% % others Hop 25 227 11,2 88,8 Triple 19 227 8,4 91,6 Side 33 227 14,5 85,5 Table 2. Young soccer players: mean age 11.2±0.1 years *p>0.05. n.athletes>15% Total %>15% % others Hop 27 200 13,7 86,3 Triple 16 200 8,3 91,7 Side 37 200 18,5 81,5 Objective To assess the presence of FA in the lower limbs and evaluate whether the percentage of subjects presenting asymmetries exceeding 15% increases with age. Design Cross-sectional studies. Setting Youth sports. Participants 427 young soccer players: 9.1±0.1 years, 36.3±6.5 kg, 137.9±7.1cm (n=227) and 11.2±0.1 yrs, 43.8±9.7 kg, 148.9±9.1 cm (n=200). Risk factor assessment Monopodalic jump;all three versions were employed: Single (SI), Triple (TR) and Side hop(SE) is considered a valid indicator of FA in the lower limbs. Main outcome measurements Strength in each of the lower limbs was assessed by means of the SI, TR and SE test; the percentage of FA between the lower limbs was calculated using the formula proposed by Yamamoto, 1993: (jump dominant-limb-jump non-dominant limb)/jump dominant-limb*100. Results The percentage valuesare summarised in tables 1 and 2. Conclusions The highest percentage of subjects presenting asymmetries was detected in the 11yr-olds. Comparing the results for the two age groups revealed a statistically significant difference for the SideHop test.


The paper holds that, centering around the stimulation of the democratic political construction in universites, we should give full play to the democratic participation, the democratic management, and the democratic supervisicn of the trade union and further develop the system construction of the teachers' delegates congress in universities to make it more standard and authoritative. We should carry forward in a big way the democratic political coustruction in universities to make it develop smoothly and effectively.


Multiple sclerosis (MS) is one of the most common nontraumatic disabling neurological disorders to affect young adults. It is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system presented with multifocal clinical findings modulated by various external factors.1,2 The cause of MS is unknown, but it has historically been classified as an organspecific T-cell mediated autoimmune disease. Additionally, many genes may increase disease susceptibility in addition to several well-defined environmental factors such as low serum levels of vitamin D, smoking, ultraviolet B light exposure, childhood obesity, and infection with the Epstein–Barr virus.1 However, considerably less attention is focused on supernatural causes in MS.3 Herein, we discussed patients' supernatural beliefs on cause of MS to attract attention to the importance of plausible supernatural causes in MS. "Supernatural" refers to a phenomenon or entity that is beyond the laws of nature. It is featured in folklore and religious contexts. It can also feature as an explanation in more secular contexts, as in the cases of superstitions or belief in the paranormal. The term is attributed to nonphysical entities, such as angels, demons, gods, and spirits.4 Frequent supernatural causes linked to illness in many cultures are fate (qadar), Allah's will, a gift from Allah, test from Allah, punishment from Allah, Nazar (evil eye), Sihr (magic or sorcery), Jinn possession, lack of faith, payback for things done wrong, disobeying family, sinful acts, sinful thoughts, etc.5,6 Koffman et al3 explored meanings of illness causation amongMSpatients. Three central themes emerged from their interviews: uncertainty, logical and scientific, and supernatural explanations. The supernatural theme comprised of three subcategories: "my challenge, my test," "punishment," and "fate, destiny, or just bad luck." The belief that MS could be associated with a "challenge" or "test" was deeply embedded within religious belief system of black Caribbeanparticipants. The categoryof fate, destiny, or bad luck was also specific to black Caribbean participants, a number of whom drew on biblical phrases to help convey their thoughts. They provided accounts where theirMSwas viewed an inevitable part of Allah's life plan for them. Punishment was characterized by wrongdoing that in some instances justified as a retribution. It was voiced by participants across both black CaribbeanandwhiteBritish ethnic groupswhoeither perceived their punishment as being justified, leveled at them personally or more widely at humankind. Most of the participants in both groups were Christian.3 Obiwuru et al7 noted that of Hispanic Americans participants more than half expressed sociocultural factors such as supernatural events (a gift from Allah) and experiencing strong emotions (fright and sadness) as the perceived cause of MS. Chen et al8 found a negative connection between spirituality and disability in MS patients on the following items: "I believe that my disability is a punishment for wrongdoings that I have committed in the past" and "I believe that my disability is a punishment for the wrongdoings of my family members." They also found a positive connection between spiritualityanddisabilityon following items: "I believe that, through my spiritual connection, my disability can be completely cured," "I believe that my disability was caused by Allah or a spiritual power," "my family believes that Allah or a spiritual power can reducemydisability," "I amgrateful to Allah or a spiritual power that I havemydisability," and "I believe that there isaspiritual reason formydisability." In thisseries,mostof the participants (91.6%)were Caucasian (non-Hispanic) and the most common religious affiliation was Protestant (62.1%), followed by Catholic (23.8%), and atheist (7.9%).8 A quarter of MS patients gave nonmedical explanations such as chance, destiny, and supernatural causes about causation of MS.9 In another series supernatural reasons includingmagic, possession, and/or an "evil eye" were noted in more than half of MS patients as a


(57) Abstract: arranging an interferometer so as to form a first interference fringe pattern comprising at least ten interference fringes (1); and recording an image of said first interference fringe pattern; interferometer (1 perturbed optical path), to form a second interference fringe pattern comprising at least ten interference fringes, and an image of the second interference fringe pattern with the recorded image of the first interference fringe pattern coupled to form, to produce a further image comprising a moire fringe pattern arising from one of differences point, or a plurality of differences point between said the first interference fringe pattern second interference fringe patterns. Its binding step includes subtraction of the digital image (4). And a different wavelength, a Michelson interferometer, a Mach-Zehnder interferometer, Fizeau interferometer, is different from the interferometer, such as Twyman-Green interferometer is used. This novel approach, all errors in low-quality misalignment system is accepted, then, those errors are cleared by the above bonding process, moire fringe pattern is generated. The method allows very an optical system of large diameter in the traditional engineering interferometers to be constructed from basic components inexpensive.


BACKGROUND
Previous studies have demonstrated the efficacy and safety of bevacizumab in the treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

METHODS
Summary data from randomised trials comparing first-line bevacizumab plus platinum-based chemotherapy with chemotherapy alone for inoperable locally advanced, recurrent or metastatic NSCLC were meta-analysed. Pooled hazard ratios (HRs) for overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS), and pooled odds ratio (OR) for adverse events were calculated. The chi-squared tests evaluated interactions between treatment effects, and prognostic factors and patient characteristics.

RESULTS
Data of 2194 patients (1313 bevacizumab; 881 controls) from four phase II and III trials: AVF-0757g, JO19907,ECOG 4599 and AVAiL, were analysed. Compared with chemotherapy alone, bevacizumab significantly prolonged OS(HR 0.90; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.81, 0.99; P=0.03), and PFS (0.72; 95% CI 0.66, 0.79; P<0.001). Bevacizumab showed a significantly greater effect on OS in patients with adenocarcinoma versus other histologies (P=0.03), and patients with body weight loss ≤5% versus >5% (P=0.04). Bevacizumab significantly increased the risk of grade ≥3 proteinuria, hypertension,haemorrhagic events, neutropenia, and febrile neutropenia [corrected].

CONCLUSIONS
Bevacizumab significantly prolonged OS and PFS when added to first-line platinum-based chemotherapy in patients with advanced NSCLC; no unexpected toxicity was evident.


The purpose of this study is a development of real-time imitation learning system for a humanoid robot. It is needed to estimate joint angles of the robot from the observation of human demonstration, however, it is difficult to measure the joint angles directly. Conventional motion capture systems which measure the joint angles of a human subject precisely are often expensive or hard to use in daily life. Recently, depth sensor has become popular to provide fully-body 3D motion capture because it has advantages of low cost and no markers or trackers. It provides the position of joints of the human subject, however, the joint angles for the imitating robot have to be calculated in some way. Inverse kinematics is often used for the joint angle calculation, however, it needs relatively high computational cost for the optimization calculation and sometimes it has a difficulty to have a unique solution because of redundancy. We propose to use a particle filter for joint angle imitation so it provides a reasonable solution with a less computational cost to realize a real-time imitation of a humanoid robot through observation of human demonstration. However, the particle filter does not provide the standing stability of the humanoid robot. Therefore, we propose a novel and simple method of control of leg joints for the standing stabilization. While the humanoid robot imitates the human posture, the ankle and the hip joint angles of the robot are controlled based on the knee and hip joints provided by the particle filter. We evaluate the proposed method with experiments using a humanoid robot, Aldebaran Robotics NAO, and show its validity.


ABSTRACT The tribological properties of unsaturated polyester with a plain weave polyester fabric and poly(tetrafluoro-ethylene) fillers are evaluated in reciprocating sliding at 23 to 220°C. Thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry show that poly(tetrafluoro-ethylene) restricts the thermostability, while the curing reaction becomes more pronounced in the presence of poly(tetrafluoro-ethylene). The pure polyester composites show continuously increasing friction and overload above 120°C, while the poly(tetrafluoro-ethylene)-filled composites indicate a regime of increasing friction up to 100°C, decreasing friction at 100–160°C, and increasing friction above 160°C. The infrared spectra of worn composites have absorption bands representing poly(tetrafluoro-ethylene), curing, and degradation of the matrix. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT


Recently, the demand for wireless networks to treat periodic traffic is increasing, which includes healthcare wireless sensor networks. This tendency causes the problem of continual packet collisions among different periodic flows. In this paper, we propose a new formula for predicting whether two heterogeneous periodical flows from different source nodes have overlapping packet transfer durations. From this formula, we propose a transfer scheduling method that shifts the packet generation phase (timing) to avoid future collisions. This method adopts naive random access control, like DCF, for the MAC layer process. In addition, source nodes do not require significant computational power, because only the sink intensively schedules the timing and informs them to the corresponding source. Therefore, compared to existing methods in which each source node completely schedules the timing of creating packets based on time division multiple access (TDMA), our method requires less functional expansion, complexity, and computational power. Finally, we demonstrate the effectiveness of our method through computer simulations.


reciprocating compressor that compresses real gas. A method of physical experiment and the developed information-measuring package are described. The results of the both experiments showed satisfactory agreement.


Findings – The findings of the study indicated that 88% of the respondents have used the internet for more than 5 years. This shows that Somali consumers use the internet intensively. Results showed that clothing and accessories (41.3%), food and drink (36.0%), computer products and software (12.7%), were the commodities respondents usually bought online. Another interesting result was found when respondent were asked about the frequency of online shopping. It was found that 48.7% of the respondents indicated that "sometimes" they used the internet for shopping purpose. While 43.7% of the respondents indicated that they rarely or never used the internet for shopping purpose. About 7.6% of the respondents use ''often'' the internet for shopping purpose. Among factors influencing online buying behavior of the consumers, convenience was ranked with highest mean value of (4.13), followed by reputation , Perceived ease of use, while trust ranked with lowest mean value of (Mean= 3.493).


【This treatment was applied to bleached softwood kraft pulp handsheets in an effort to improve physical strength of paper. Paper strength was improved by esterification of cellulose and polycarboxylic acid. Because hydrogen bond of carboxyl group is stronger than that of hydroxyl group, polycarboxylic acid forms stronger hydrogen bond than cellulose does. 1,2,3,4,-cyclopentanetetracarboxylic acid (CPTA) and sodium dihydrogen phosphate ( $NaH_2O_4$ ) were used as polycarboxylic acid and catalyst, respectively This reaction was confirmed by the weight gain of the handsheets, by FTIR spectrum and by changes in mechanical properties of sheets. Wet tensile strength was improved when handsheets were treated with polycarboxylic acid. However, tear strength and burst strength decreased.】


The novel flavonol laricitrin 3-O-(6″-acetyl)-glucoside has been characterized in needles of Norway spruce (Picea abies) together with quercetin 3-O-(6″-acetyl)-glucoside, the 3-O-glucoside and 3-O-rutinoside of syringetin, and 3′-O-caffeoyl-quinic acid, all detected for the first time from this species. Further, taxifolin, coniferin and Z-astringin are unreported together with 24 other phenolics of different classes. Juvenile needles contain significant levels of several flavonols, whereas stilbenes and simple phenolics are predominant in mature needles. Only gallocatechin, catechin, p-hydroxyacetophenone and taxifolin appear without sugar units. Characterization of the compounds was performed using high performance liquid chromatographic retention times, masses from thermospray ionisation, and ultraviolet spectral data.


Background Multiple sclerosis (MS) comparative effectiveness research needs to go beyond average treatment effects (ATEs) and post-host subgroup analyses. Objective This retrospective study assessed overall and patient-specific effects of dimethyl fumarate (DMF) versus teriflunomide (TERI) in patients with relapsing-remitting MS. Methods A novel precision medicine (PM) scoring approach leverages advanced machine learning methods and adjusts for imbalances in baseline characteristics between patients receiving different treatments. Using the German NeuroTransData registry, we implemented and internally validated different scoring systems to distinguish patient-specific effects of DMF relative to TERI based on annualized relapse rates, time to first relapse, and time to confirmed disease progression. Results Among 2791 patients, there was superior ATE of DMF versus TERI for the two relapse-related endpoints (p = 0.037 and 0.018). Low to moderate signals of treatment effect heterogeneity were detected according to individualized scores. A MS patient subgroup was identified for whom DMF was more effective than TERI (p = 0.013): older (45 versus 38 years), longer MS duration (110 versus 50 months), not newly diagnosed (74% versus 40%), and no prior glatiramer acetate usage (35% versus 5%). Conclusion The implemented approach can disentangle prognostic differences from treatment effect heterogeneity and provide unbiased patient-specific profiling of comparative effectiveness based on real-world data.


While it is usually known that the mean value of a single observable is enough to detect entanglement or its distillability, the counterpart of such an approach in the case of quantum privacy has been missing. Here we develop the concept of a privacy witness, i.e., a single observable that may detect the presence of the secure key even in the case of bound entanglement. Then we develop the notion of secret-key estimation based on few observables and discuss the witness decomposition into local measurements. The surprising property of the witness is that with the help of a low number of product measurements involved it may still report the key values that are strictly above distillable entanglement of the state. For an exemplary four-qubit state studied in a recent experiment [K. Dobek et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 106, 030501 (2011)] this means 6 Pauli operator product measurements versus 81 needed to carry out the complete quantum state tomography. The present approach may be viewed as a paradigm for the general program of experimentally friendly detection and estimation of task-dedicated quantum entanglement.


An environment with a high crime will potentially affect student aggression. One way to reduce aggressiveness is to instill religious values through learning at school. However, religious learning in schools is still relatively minimal. The purpose of this study was to determine the correlation between religiosity and student aggressiveness. The population in this study was 214 students, with a sample of 60 students from SMA X in Banjarmasin. The sample in this study was taken by probability sampling technique. The data collection instrument uses a Likert model scale, and data analysis uses Product Moment correlation with the help of SPSS for window 21. Based on the calculation results, it is known that there is a significant negative correlation (-0.451) between religiosity and aggressiveness, so that the higher the student's religiosity, the lower the aggressiveness: students or vice versa.


This paper proposes a concept of an easy-to-use microfluidic blotting device based on microscale electrophoresis. To realize the blotting assay with a simple experimental procedure, short analysis time, and high selectivity, alginate hydrogel was used as medium for a size-separation due to the molecular sieving effect and encapsulation of affinity ligands. In experimental, an alginate hydrogel was successfully generated in a microchannel by an electrokinetic introduction of Ca 2+ . The formed hydrogels provided the size separation of DNA fragments and specific separation based on the affinity interaction, suggesting the applicability of the alginate hydrogel to the proposed device.


To the Editor: We read with interest the article by Yang and colleagues. The authors argued that in their series of 29 families with RCBTB1 variants, none had FEVR syndrome, in contrast to what we have reported that corresponding RCBTB1 variants were identified in one family of Coats disease and one family of FEVR with functional studies validated. In response to Yang et al., we would like to clarify a few points. First, the penetrance in terms of self-reported visual impairment for autosomal dominant FEVR is not 100%, while that for autosomal recessive RP is close to 100%. Kashani et al. reported that nearly 60% of "asymptomatic" family members of FEVR patients demonstrated clinical or angiographic early sign of FEVR consistent with the mode of autosomal dominant inheritance. In other words, individuals with "normal" vision may carry a pathogenic FEVR allele. This was the case in four family members with FZD4 mutation (II-2, II-5, II-6, and II-8 in family E10 in Figure S1A) and the two families with RCBTB1 mutation (I-1 in E5 and II-2, II-4 in E9 in Figure 1) in our article. Second, in addition to variants predicted to be pathogenic, we demonstrated that the level of RCBTB1 is half in heterozygotes for the c.1172+1G > A allele compared to those in homozygous individuals of normal RCBTB1 alleles. Truncation mutations are not always haploinsufficient, as it has been shown both in zebrafish and in mice that nonsense mutations may trigger transcriptional adaptation to compensate the phenotypes. Third, we provided evidence from knockdown experiments (both translationally and transcriptionally) using zebrafish as a model that retinal as well as intersegmental vasculatures were affected by rcbtb1 knockdown and the anomalies can be rescued with human RCBTB1 mRNA. Last but not least, the autosomal dominant and recessive inheritance of FEVR and RP could be due to dosage effect in different retinal cells, which can be verified in animal models. For this purpose, the RCBTB1 variants identified by Yang et al. can be exploited in the future. In summary, phenotype variability is common among mutation carriers and between the two eyes of individuals affected by FEVR, from asymptomatic to complete blindness. Phenotype assessment includes levels of visual acuity, fluorescein angiographic and other clinical examinations if a mutation carrier feels uncomfortable with his/her eyesight and visits an ophthalmologist. In the laboratory, further evaluation of protein quantity and quality, and validation in animal models provide additional evidence for genotype-phenotype correlation. The publications by Kashini, et al., Yang et al., as well as ours all support a more careful use of variant interpretation in risk assessment during genetic counseling for diseases like FEVR.


Heating sources of Vladivostok with boilers reconstructed in 2011 to gas burning is presented. The historical reference of the experience of boiler conversion to cycloneswirl technology of burning of fuel oil and gas is given. Stages of the primary furnace and boiler upgrading are shown. Taking BKZ 75�16 and BKZ�120�100 boilers as examples, the principal differences of the swirl type of fuel burning from the burner type are demonstrated. Data of the KVGM�100�150 MTs boiler wi th cycloneswirl burning of gas and fuel oil is rep� resented. The mathematical model developed for the primary furnace with the 65 MW capacity gives detailed explanations to the features of mixing in the combustion chamber of the primary furnace, which substantiate conditions and places of the fuel injection. The practical result is supported by test data obtained on the operat� ing equipment. To enhance the effectiveness of fuel consumption on six converted KVGM�100�150 MTs boil� ers, the convective section was restructured and the water circulation circuit was optimized. Comparative anal� ysis of estimated and operating characteristics showed the efficiency increment. The application of cyclone� swirl technology made it possible to increase the effectiveness of the KVGM�100�150 boiler and improve its environmental indicators.


RONI CHOIRUDIN (141110013509203) "The Influence of the Mobile Library Against Reading Interest in Palaran District in 2018". Under the guidance of Prof. Dr. FI. Sudiran, M.So as Advisor I, Drs. Jamil Bazarah, M.Si As Advisor II One of the problems faced by mobile libraries is how they can serve people who are hungry for information with limited collections in limited service time. Thus the rapid rate of information, mobile libraries must play a more active role in disseminating the information in various forms, especially information in the form of books. Therefore the selection of mobile library collections must be truly professional. The type of research in this research proposal is quantitative. Quantitative research has a positivism perspective, which states that the existence of social reality / reality and physical reality. Therefore anyone who will examine the reality can observe / measure it. There is an influence of mobile library services in East Kalimantan Province library agencies on reading interest in Palaran District. From the calculation can be obtained that the calculated r value of 1.00 figures the correlation index is not negative, this means that the correlation between variable X (mobile library service) affects the variable Y (students' reading interest) and there is a direct relationship, with the word others have a positive influence between the two variables. So that the alternative Hypothesis (Ha) tells that there is a significant positive influence between mobile library services and students 'reading interest, and the null hypothesis (Ho) which states that there is a significant positive influence between mobile library services and students' reading interest is rejected. The number of mobile library services in the East Kalimantan Province library agency for reading interest services is 0.98, which means that this number is in the range of 0.90-1.00 with a positive correlation between variables X and variable Y including a very high correlation.


NE OF THE main purposes of exchange depreciation in industrial countries is to lower export prices in order to increase the volume of exports. The question is to what extent and under what conditions exchange depreciation will achieve this objective. When a country depreciates its currency, the gold or foreign currency equivalent of all its prices is reduced in proportion to the reduction in the value of the currency. However, various processes which tend to increase prices in the depreciating country begin to operate immediately after depreciation. These processes will offset partially, or in the limit totally, the effect of the depreciation. The purposes of this paper are to describe these processes of price increases and the factors which determine them, and to find statistical measurements for the extent of the increases and the residual net price fall in terms of gold. The extent of the original depreciation is used as a yardstick against which to measure the price changes. Accordingly, the effectiveness 1 of depreciation is defined as the ratio between the percentage net fall in price (in terms of gold) and the percentage depreciation. If, after depreciation, there is no adjustment whatever of domestic prices in national currency, the effectiveness is equal to unity, or 100 per cent; prices in terms of gold fall by the full amount of depreciation. If, after depreciation, prices in national currency rise by, for instance, 60 per cent of the amount of depreciation, the effectiveness of that depreciation would be measured as approximately 2 0.4, or 40 per cent. If prices in national currency increase by the full amount of depreciation, the effectiveness would be zero. The effectiveness of depreciation may be studied in relation to various sets of prices. In general it will be found to be smaller for wholesale prices, particularly if they include many prices of imported commodities, than for retail prices or the cost of living. In this paper, the effectiveness of depreciation is considered with particular refer-


The least-squares fit of measured noise figures as a function of source admittance is an accurate and rapid method also convenient from the experimental point of view, to determine linear two-port noise parameters. However, to avoid the erroneous results often obtained by experimenters, this paper presents some criteria to be followed in choosing the proper source admittances. In order to apply the method to microwave two-ports, a relationship relating noise parameters in a linearized form is introduced. The analytical developments are in terms of effective input noise temperature of the two-port. Experimental. results for a microwave transistor are also reported as a function of experimental redundancy.


This book – based on a Wuppertal PhD thesis – compares the experiences of seventeen women working in the Reform Jewish rabbinate and thirty-three ordained as Christian ministers (including Anglicans, Methodists, Baptists and Congregationalists). Comparative studies of clergy across different religious traditions are common in North America, but comparatively rare in the UK, and therefore welcome. Key to Uta Blohm's book is the question of how women integrate membership of a faith community, roles as leaders/specialists within those communities, and identities as women. Central to these stories is a negotiation between attachment to valued tradition, and struggle with its record on women. A general introduction and exploration of research methodology is followed by explorations of women's journeys to priesthood, ministry and rabbinate; ordination (or equivalent); the perception and reality of this new role; attitudes to Scriptures, traditions and institutions; strategies for dealing with stereotypes and opposition; and views on inclusive language. Drawing on fifty interviews, one of the book's chief merits is the space given to women's own testimony, often extensively quoted. Much of this is powerful and thought-provoking (e.g. descriptions of the sense of privilege of serving their tradition), though often confirming the findings of earlier studies. There are also wider insights into the experience of contemporary religious leadership; Chapter 7's discussion of inclusive language reveals as much about the often complex relationship between rabbi/minister and their congregation as it does about specific attitudes to non-sexist liturgy. Among the most unexpected (and illuminating) insights come through the author (who is German) viewing the UK context as an outsider; for example, Christian ministers in the UK seem to place far more emphasis on personal 'calling' than their counterparts in Germany or rabbis in Britain. Though at times the book is fascinating, there are also problems. First, key arguments could have been made more concisely, and highlighted more prominently. In a long book, large passages are almost entirely descriptive, and although the extensive quotation from interviews is generally enlightening, fewer examples could have


A computational model using Lattice Boltzmann Equation (LBE) method is employed to investigate the fluid transport on the anode side of Polymer Electrolyte Membrane (PEM) fuel cells, with an emphasis on mass transfer enhancement. A 3-dimensional LBE code is developed to solve the flows in the channel and the porous media in the gas diffusion layer (GDL) simultaneously. Multiple flow enhancers (obstructions in the flow channel) are placed in the channel to enhance the transversal flow across the GDL. The mass flow rate, the velocity field and the pressure distribution are analyzed. The effects of flow enhancers are assessed. The results show that the transversal flow across the GDL is enhanced by placing flow enhancers in the channel. Increasing flow enhancer size can significantly increase the transversal flow rate, with high pressure-loss through the flow channel. The results also demonstrate that the location of flow enhancers in the flow channel have a remarkable impact on the transversal flow rate. The transversal flow rate increases as the GDL porosity increases.Copyright © 2006 by ASME


The redistribution of charge due to overlap between the rare‐earth ion 5s2p6 shell and the surrounding ligands and to overlap between neighboring ligands is shown to produce a large reduction in the electrostatic contributions to the crystal field. This correction brings the calculated value of A20〈r2〉 close to its experimental value in PrCl3.


This Magazine Article is brought to you for free and open access by the School of Social Sciences at Institutional Knowledge at Singapore Management University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Research Collection School of Social Sciences by an authorized administrator of Institutional Knowledge at Singapore Management University. For more information, please email firstname.lastname@example.com. Citation CHAN, David, "Perceptions of fairness" (2011). Research Collection School of Social Sciences. Paper 2796. https://ink.library.smu.edu.sg/soss_research/2796 Available at: https://ink.library.smu.edu.sg/soss_research/2796 brought to you by CORE View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk


The Maillard reaction of carbohydrates and amino acids is the chemical basis for flavor and color formation in many processed foods. Dicarbonyl compounds, such as 1‐, 3‐deoxyosones and 1,4‐dideoxyosones, as well as short‐chain dicarbonyls, such as methylgyoxal or glyoxal, are key compounds of the Maillard browning reaction. The α‐dicarbonyls are also starting materials for polymerization reactions which lead to formation of carbohydrate‐based melanoidins. With regard to the dicarbonyl compound, different possible chemical structures of melanoidins will be discussed. The analysis by size‐exclusion chromatography revealed that those colored compounds differ in their molecular size and are directly associated with reactions having specific α‐dicarbonyl compounds.


A 72-year-old man was implanted with a dual-chamber cardioverter defibrillator (Lumax 540-HFT, Biotronik, Germany, Berlin) in secondary prevention. An atrial active fixation lead (Biotronik Solia S53) and a ventricular active fixation lead (Biotronik Linox S65) were used. Predischarge an X-ray showed a good position of both leads ( Panel A ) and the internal cardioverter defibrillator was checked and functioned correctly. The patient was followed on remote …


SUBTITLE: LIKE MANY PIONEERS IN AVIATION, JAMES A. ALLISON WAS AN ENTREPRENEUR AND BUSINESSMAN WHO BUILT COMPANIES AROUND TEAMS OF ENGINEERS AND INVENTORS.


The aim of the present paper is to introduce and investigate some new separation axioms soft Ti-space (i=0,1,2) by using only pair of distinct soft points and we study some of their properties. Mathematics Subject Classification: 54A05, 54B05, 54D10.


We consider wireless communication systems that employ multiple transmitting and receiving antennas to achieve spatial diversity and to increase the data rate through fading channels. In particular, we focus on a system with N transmitting antennas and M receiving antennas. We consider the design and performance evaluation of several detection algorithms for recovering the original data from the received signals on the M antennas. These algorithms include the optimum maximum likelihood detector and suboptimal reduced-complexity detectors such as the MMSE detector and a detector based on maximal ratio combining. We also consider coded systems.


The life cycle of S. stercoralis encompasses both free-living and parasitic stages. Filariform larvae (infective) penetrate the skin, enter the blood vessels as well as the lymphatics, and then travel to the heart and the lungs. They settle in the alveoli and subsequently ascend into the trachea. Here, some larvae are swallowed and thus reach the small intestine where they mature into adult worms which produce eggs. The eggs are deposited in the crepts of the intestinal mucosa where they hatch into rhabditiform larvae. Most are excreted through feces into the soil, where Sir,


Large-capacity motor design and debugging of a water supply project in northern Tanzania was introduced.For high capacity starter motor design in this power supply weak area,the problems and the key should be lard weight on,as well as actual testing results and theoretical calculations of the resons for the existence of error were analyzed.


A camera self-calibration method based on the two pairs of parallel lines that are orthogonal each other is presented in this paper. The self-calibration can be realized based the fact that the modulus constraint can provide an equation and two equations can be obtained from two pairs of parallel lines that are orthogonal each other. The self-calibration method presented in the paper is quasi-linear. The experiment results show that the presented method is efficient.


AbstractThe Steam Distilled Oil Of The Aerial Parts Of Conyza Incana Was Analysed By Gc/Ms. The Antimicrobial Activity Of The Oil Is Presented. 71 Compounds Accounting For About 86 % Of The Oil Constitution Could Be Identified. Sesquiterpene Hydrocarbons (37-38 %) and Sesquiterpenoids (22 %) Were The Major Groups In The Investigated Oil Of Which 8-Cadinene and Ledol Were The Most Prominent (7.9 and 5.5 % Respectively).Many Constituents, Belonging To Other Different Chemical Groups, Viz Monoterpene Hydrocarbons (4 %), Monoterpenoids (9.91 %), Esters (6.0 %) and Miscellaneous Compounds (6.74 %) Were Also Identified. The Antimicrobial Screening Of The Oil Showed Significant Activity Against The Microorganisms S. Aureus, Pr. Vulgaris, B. Subtilis and C. Albicans.


Cross-national variation in subjective quality of life (sQoL) among older long-term care recipients (LTCRs) in Europe is substantial but rarely subject to explicit theoretical or empirical consideration. We suggest combining multilevel regression analysis with fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) in a two-step approach given the small number of countries for which cross-national survey data are available and the considerable number of potentially relevant and likely interdependent country-level characteristics. Based on data from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE 2012), sQoL in 2,470 older LTCRs from 14 countries was analyzed. Results of multilevel regression analyses (1) confirmed known individual-level determinants of sQoL and provided a weighted country-level outcome to be explained by fuzzy-set QCA, where (2) we found both necessary and sufficient (combinations of) country-level conditions for high- and low-quality-of-life countries in Europe. In combination, these two distinct methodological tools allowed for a more comprehensive analysis of country-level characteristics on sQoL in older LTCRs in Europe.


This work is a preliminary research which is opening a field of examination of this complex clinic method (i.e. treatment using ablation applicators). Although it is established in many medical facilities its effects were not analyzed thoroughly and there are many unknown factors which can affect patients in clinical practice. We aim to bring new analysis methods which can simply and clearly determine how the tissue in the treated area will be affected and we want to inspect and overcome potential risks connected to this medical method.


In this study, characteristics of SrGa2S4:Ce phosphor including cathodoluminescent (CL) and photoluminescence (PL) properties have been studied. The degradation of the phosphors under electron beam bombardment was also investigated. The SrGa2S4:Ce phosphor was synthesized by a high temperature solid phase reaction and the morphologies were shown in Fig. 1. X-ray diffraction (XRD) shows that SrGa2S4:Ce has an orthorhombic structure with a=20.84, b=20.49 and c=12.21.


Objective:The chemical compositions and pharmacological activities of the Marsdenia tenacissima were reviewed and analyzied.Method: We search data on chemical compositions and pharmacological effects of M.tenacissima in recent years by the CAS Shanghai institute of materia database platform.Result: The chemical constituents of M.tenacissima is more complex,so the current research focuses on C21 steroidal glycosides.Its pharmacological research is now mainly in their antitumor effect.Now it has a variety of clinical drug which used M.tenacissima as main raw material for treatment of various cancers.But it still lack study which is the specific effective constituents of M.tenacissima and what is the mechanism,therefore,the chemical components and pharmacodynamics of M.tenacissima must be study.Conclusion: In recent years,study on anti-tumor effect of M.tenacissima has more reports,other pharmacological research,particularly the actions on the respiratory system,need to be strengthened,and this paper can provide reference for further research and development.


A novel photoelectric response observed in a nanoscale Cu‐dusted Cu–SiO2–Si structure is reported. By combining the application of a short voltage pulse with laser illumination, the photoelectric response of the structure can be permanently changed. Intriguingly, if a second voltage pulse of reverse polarity is applied under similar laser illumination, the photoelectric response of the structure can be restored to its initial state, showing that the photoelectric states of the structure can be switched back and forth in a nonvolatile manner. This phenomenon is attributed to a controllable change of height of the Schottky barrier formed between the Cu nanoparticles and the N‐type silicon substrate, indicating that tunneling of confined photoelectrons from the Si causes an adjustment of the Fermi level of the Cu particles. The work suggests a new switching approach for tailoring photoelectric sensors, nonvolatile memories, and even solar cells related materials.


The objective of this paper is to examinereasons for pressure rise in the Zama X2X pool in northwestern Alberta, Canada, that was used foracid gas disposal, and whether subsequent pressure decay was a result of pressure dissipation into a larger aquifer. The Zama X2X pool, approximately 1 km2 in size, is connected to four other nearby poolsthrough a common underlying aquifer. Pressure analysis for all the pools indicates that they are in goodhydraulic communication. Initial pressure in the Zama X2X pool was approximately 15 MPa. Pressuredeclined first during oil production, stabilizing at around 10 MPa in the early 1970s, after which started toincrease such that it reached 26 MPa in 1986. Subsequently, pressure declined reaching 22 MPa by 1995just prior to starting injection of acid gas (80% CO2 and 20% H2 S). The operator injected acid gas at lowerrates and wellhead pressures than those licensed by the regulatory agency. Despite significant production ofwater and hydrocarbons, the pressure in the Zama X2X pool continued to be higher than the initial reservoirpressure by more than 5 MPa, such that disposal operations were suspended in late 1998. Oil productioncontinued all this time until 2002. Numerical simulations using CMG-IMEXTM and corresponding sensitivity studies reported in this papershow that disposal of more than 1 million m3 of water between 1970 and 1988 and again in 1992-1993 inthe adjacent Zama YY pool, which is in good hydrodynamic communication with the Zama X2X poolthrough the aquifer below the oil column, is the main reason for the high pressures observed in the ZamaX2X pool. Sensitivity studies indicate that pressure decay in the X2X pool was due to fluid production.The study indicates that while pressure rise has been caused by hydraulic communication between theX2X and YY pools through the common aquifer, the aquifer was not of large volume to allow dissipationof the pressure. In addition to the case study, the implications of pressure communication to geological storage of CO2 in aquifers are briefly discussed.


The utility model relates to a slide block locking mechanism of a vibration friction mould, which has the limit and lock functions, and comprises a lock cylinder, a limit device, and a lock device connected with the lock cylinder, wherein the limit device firstly realizes the advance limit of the slide block loose core, the lock device connected with the limit device can cooperate with the limit device to prevent the slider from moving backward, and thereby the slider can be prevented from moving forward and backward, so the limit and lock functions can be simultaneously realized. Since the limit device and the lock device are arranged in one mechanism, the utility model can realize standardization and modularization, and the slide block locking mechanism can accurately limit and firmly lock when in work.


The viscosity of aqueous sodium dodecyl sulfate solution and the effect of inorganic electrolytess were investigated. Linearity between the logarithm of the viscosity and concentration of sodium dodecyl sulfate until 25%, was observed. The viscosity of aqueous sodium dodecyl sulfate lowered when small amount of inorganic electrolytes were added, but increased when large amount of them were added. The viscosity was also affected by ionic valence of anion of inorganic electrolyte.


These experiments were performed on rabbits; fourteen rabbits in all were employed. Olive oil was fed in varying doses. Two feedings of 10 c.c. of olive oil per kilo of body weight sufficed to kill after 5 days. 6 c.c. per kilo weight killed in six days when fed daily. 5 c.c. per kilo weight did not kill but produced secondary anemia with blood crises presenting the picture of pernicious anemia—blood count 4 to 5,000,000, Hb. 50 per cent, or less, achromia, irregularity in size and shape, polychromatophilia, stipling, blasts. Eight rabbits were thus subjected to chronic poisoning with olive oil. Of these, three had previously been daily fed (for about a year) 0.3 gram quinine. Three rabbits had been treated for three months with intravenous injection of 0.01 gram quinine daily. The remaining two received daily feedings of olive oil without previous treatment. In all of these rabbits the blood picture of secondary anemia developed within a few days. In four the blood picture of pernicious anemia developed in from 2-3 months. The anemia was not constant but varied considerably. The weight curve approximately followed the appearance of the blood; dropping sharply as the anemia became apparent, rising as the anemia improved. Five of these rabbits showed marked impairment of nutrition during the entire course, the younger ones being decidedly stunted in their development. The three rabbits that had been fed quinine per os showed less severe disturbances and none of them have thus far (after 11/2 years) shown the picture of pernicious anemia. The weight and blood conditions improved markedly when the feeding of oil was suspended. Calcium lactate, lime water, Fowler's solution and tincture of ferric chloride were fed at different times with the olive oil without, however, appreciably diminishing the effect of the oil.


We present a logical framework for representing the agents in a cooperating information system. We define an architecture for Integrated Supply Chain Management in which the supply chain is managed by a set of intelligent agents responsible for one or more tasks. By representing activities in the architecture as sets of first-order axioms in a microtheory, the functionalities for the different agents in the architecture can be represented as finding satisfying interpretations of the constraints.


Despite passage of affirmative-action legislation in the United States, the percentage of women school superintendents has increased at a very slow pace. This paper identifies the major challenges faced by four female entry-level superintendents and the strategies they used to deal with them. Data were collected during a group interview with the four superintendents at the end of their first year on the job. All had entered new school districts after gaining experience as assistant superintendents. The superintendents, three white and one African-American, utilized some similar strategies to handle issues. During their first year on the job, the women: (1) learned to recognize and accept politics as a reality; (2) entered the job with a formal entry plan and later developed a district plan; (3) engaged in learning and open communication with all stakeholders; (4) studied past practices; (5) practiced creative problem solving rather than confrontation; (6) protected their personal/family time; and (7) educated and provided information to the school board. (Contains 17 references.) (LMI) *********************************************************************** * Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made * from the original document. ***********************************************************************


Abstract The passage of hurricane Andrew across the Louisiana coastal zone in 1992 was used to study the effects of hurricane sedimentation on estuarine marshes. (1) The thickness and nutrient content of hurricane sediments, (2) the composition of hurricane sediments relative to pre-existing sediments, and (3) the relationship between hurricane sedimentation and small-scale heterogeneity in the emergent plant community were investigated. Vertical accretion resulting from the hurricane was 4-11 times greater than the long-term (30 year) annual rate. The hurricane sediments will be within the root zone of emergent vegetation for 35-50 years, depending on the local marsh vertical accretion rate. Element concentration, organic matter content, and texture of hurricane sediments varied over a wide area, which suggested that hurricane sediments did not originate from a common sediment pool. The concentration of most elements analysed did not differ between hurricane sediments and pre-existing sediments, which suggested that hurricane sediments originated primarily from the same local bays and lakes that provide material for other sedimentation events. Hurricane sediments were thicker in Juncus roemerianus stands than in surrounding Spartina alterniflora stands. Greater hurricane sedimentation in J. roemerianus stands was attributed to greater stem density there and may help maintain plant community heterogeneity if J. roemerianus is less flood-tolerant than S. alterniflora , as previous work suggests. Previous studies have noted the effect of environmental gradients on plant species distribution, but our data indicate that plant species can also generate different environmental conditions associated with their distribution.


In Escherichia coli and other γ‐proteobacteria, the PhoQ‐PhoP two‐component signaling system responds to low extracellular Mg++ and cationic antimicrobial peptides. On transition to inducing conditions, the expression of PhoP‐dependent genes increases rapidly, but then decays to a new, intermediate steady‐state level, a phenomenon often referred to as partial adaptation. The molecular basis for this partial adaptation has been unclear. Here, using time‐lapse fluorescence microscopy to examine PhoP‐dependent gene expression in individual E. coli cells we show that partial adaptation arises through a negative feedback loop involving the small protein MgrB. When E. coli cells are shifted to low Mg++, PhoQ engages in multiple rounds of autophosphorylation and phosphotransfer to PhoP, which, in turn, drives the expression of mgrB. MgrB then feeds back to inhibit the kinase activity of PhoQ. PhoQ is bifunctional such that, when not active as a kinase, it can stimulate the dephosphorylation of PhoP. Thus, MgrB drives the inactivation of PhoP and the observed adaptation in PhoP‐dependent gene expression. Our results clarify the source of feedback inhibition in the E. coli PhoQ‐PhoP system and reveal how exogenous factors, such as MgrB, can combine with a canonical two‐component signaling pathway to produce complex temporal dynamics in target gene expression.


Mechanisms for coordinating group decision-making among self-interested agents often employ a trusted center, capable of enforcing the prescribed outcome. Typically such mechanisms, including the ubiquitous Vickrey Clarke Groves (VCG), require significant transfer payments from agents to the center. While this is sought after in some settings, it is often an unwanted cost of implementation. We propose a modification of the VCG framework that---by using domain information regarding agent valuation spaces---is often able to achieve redistribution of much of the required transfer payments back among the agents, thus coming closer to budget-balance. The proposed mechanism is strategyproof, ex post individual rational, no-deficit, and leads to an efficient outcome; we prove that among all mechanisms with these qualities and an anonymity property it is optimally balanced, in that no mechanism ever yields greater payoff to the agents. We provide a general characterization of when strategyproof redistribution is possible, and demonstrate specifically that substantial redistribution can be achieved in allocation problems.


The reactions of palladium atoms with olefins have been studied by low-temperature i.r. spectroscopy and the most stable compounds observed, bis(cyclo-octa-1,5-diene)palladium and tris(bicyclo[2.2.1]heptene)-palladium have been prepared from palladium atoms on a gram scale.


This atlas of procedures provides step-by-step instruction in periodontal surgery. Topics covered include: normal gingival and periodontal structures; anatomy in periodontal surgery; periodontal surgical instruments; sterilization and disinfection; suturing techniques and materials; preparation and anaesthesia; and surgical correction of the gingival pocket.


Liver acts as a cornerstone in most biotransformation chemicals producing liver injury. Liquorice is a medicinal plant widely consumed in Egypt as a juice. In our study we aimed to induced inflammatory biomarkers and antioxidant system. To achieve our objective a sixty male albinorats were divided into 6 groups, normal control group, hepatitis group, he conc. liquorice extract, hepatitis group treated with high conc. liquorice extract, normal group with low conc. liquorice extract and normal group with high conc. liquorice extract. The outcome of the study exhibits a represe parameters and hematological profile and elucidate the hepatoprotective effect of liquorice extract through its anti


Generalized spatial modulation (GSM) is a recently proposed appealing multi-input multi-output (MIMO) transmission technique, which is capable of striking a tradeoff between the achievable transmission rate and the cost of radio frequency (RF) chains. In this letter, a novel low-complexity near-optimal soft decision (SoD)-aided detector is proposed for GSM, which considerably reduces the search space by employing a block minimum mean-squared error (B-MMSE) algorithm. Our simulation results show that the proposed detector is capable of achieving a better tradeoff between bit-error-rate (BER) performance and computational complexity compared with the existing matched filter (MF)-based SoD algorithms.


To synthesize 2-methyl-2-[4-(2-oxo-2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl) ethyl) phenoxy] propanoic acid 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl) acetic acid reacted with thionyl chloride to produce 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl) acetyl chloride 2-methyl-2-[4-(2-oxo-2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl) ethyl) phenoxy] propanoic acid was synthesized from 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl) acetyl chloride by condensation with Pyrrolidine to give 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-(pyrrolidin-1-yl) ethanone, which was subjected to reaction with acetone, chloroform and NaOH. 2-methyl-2-[4-(2-oxo-2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl) ethyl) phenoxy] propanoic acid was synthesized with the overall yield about 38%. The target compound had been confirmed by IR, 1HNmR and MS.


Usage of different methods developed for transit traffic volume and travel time data acquisition has become regularly utilized within many transportation studies. In this paper a simple, low tech, approach will be described. This approach utilizes digital voice recording devices such as cell phones with regulated time code and operators manually reading the license plates. This method is very cost effective for short time transit volume surveys on medium to small areas such as city centers, green wave corridors, and complex intersections. The purpose of this paper is to introduce this simple and cost effective method to transportation planners as a way of producing quality data in a more efficient and convenient way. Also, some further research in process automation will be presented.


Abstract Oxygen self-diffusion has been measured in single crystals of α-alumina (α[sbnd]Al2O3) doped with yttria (Y2O3) in the temperature range 1110–1630°C, using 18O2 and secondary-ion mass spectrometry. Two diffusion mechanisms are involved a bulk diffusion mechanism and a subboundary mechanism. At high temperatures, both these two mechanisms are observed while, at lower temperatures, only bulk diffusion is observed. Bulk and subboundary diffusion coefficients obey the equations D′o (cm2s−1) = 67exp[-590(kJ mol−1)/RT] and D′o (cm2 s−1) = 1017exp [-980(kJmol−1)/RT] respectively. On comparison with results obtained for 'undoped' α[sbnd]Al2O3 single crystals produced from the same powder, it appears that yttrium slightly enhances oxygen bulk and subboundary diffusion. An extrinsic diffusion mechanism by oxygen interstitials or by defect complexes can explain these results in the bulk of 'undoped' Al2O3, and the enhancement of D o in α[sbnd]Al2O3: Y2O3 is due to the donor effect of yttrium which slightly ...


A case of infestation by Fasciola hepatica is reported in a Greek woman with obstructive jaundice. This is believed to be the first reported case in Australia in which the parasites have been demonstrated by cholangiography. Pathology and treatment are briefly discussed.


Multi-access edge computing (MEC) and nonorthogonal multiple access (NOMA) are two enabling technologies in the 5 G network and beyond. MEC admits user equipments (UEs) running many more compute-intensive applications by providing computing capabilities at the network edge and within radio access networks, while NOMA enables multiple UEs to share the same resource block, thus leveraging considerable advantages such as greater spectral efficiency and a larger number of supported UEs. The state-of-the-art showed that the combination of NOMA and MEC can lower the energy consumption and/or overall latency; however, they mostly focused on single-carrier NOMA. In this paper, we investigate the computation offloading problem in multi-carrier NOMA enabled MEC systems and solve it from the cooperative game theory viewpoint using coalition formation game. Particularly, UEs are considered as game players and subcarriers are regarded as coalitions that can be used for computation offloading of multiple UEs. Based on the introduced coalition formation game, we develop a low-complexity algorithm with convergence guarantee to achieve the Nash-stable solution. Numerical results are provided to validate the effectiveness of the proposed coalition game based algorithm as well as its comparison with three baseline schemes.


The notion of deep learning is being revolutionised, e.g., the advent of graph convolution network (GCN) in the application of medical image classification. Though GCN is gaining significant popularity, the potential of GCN is not exploited to its maximum. This work proposes a new hybrid network based on convolution neural network (CNN) autoencoder and GCN. The proposed method has been applied to graph datasets which are designed by considering 3D medical resonance image (MRI) voxel as a node. CNN autoencoder is used to extract the imaging grid information and GCN learns these features in graph connectivity space. This hybrid network has been applied for the application of segmentation of lesions in multiple sclerosis (MS) diseases. This framework has been used for training on 30 MS patients of white matter lesions captured at the university medical center Ljubljana (UMCL) and validated on 20 longitudinal MS patient dataset of UMCL at one time instant. This novel framework improves the performance of dice similarity coefficient 85.5 % score in segmentation for three neighbors in graph data.


AbstractFishes of the Truckee River basin (California and Nevada) evolved in an aquatic system that has been episodically diminished by extended drought. For potamodromous species, such as the endangered Cui-ui endemic to Pyramid Lake, Nevada, prehistoric episodic severe drought presumably led to periods of failed reproduction due to restricted access to spawning habitat. The response of the Cui-ui population to more recent failed reproduction caused by anthropogenic activity was studied to learn how to manage this species through periods of spawning disruption. Adult Cui-ui survival averaged 91% and 89% for females and males, respectively, in drought years when spawning migrations were either precluded or few fish migrated because of no or low stream flow. In each of 2 years when stream access was precluded, the adult survival was nearly 100% suggesting that Cui-ui survival is extended in the absence of a spawning migration. Survival averaged 62% and 60% for females and males, respectively, in years of s...


Common ravens (Corvus corax) are a predator of eggs and chicks of numerous species including greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus). Raven abundance and distribution is increasing within sagebrush ecosystems as a result of anthropogenic resource subsidies. Despite concerns about subsequent predation pressure on sage-grouse, broad-scale spatial information about raven populations remains lacking. We used hierarchical occupancy and distance sampling models to map raven density and distribution in response to natural and anthropogenic landscape covariates using >15,000 point count surveys occurring within the Great Basin region since 2007. Anthropogenic factors contributing to greater raven occurrence included increased road density, presence of transmission lines, agricultural activity, and presence of roadside rest areas. Natural landscape characteristics included lower elevations with greener vegetation (NDVI), greater stream and habitat edge densities, and lower percentages of big sagebrush (A. tridentate spp.). Many of these same environmental factors influenced spatial variation in raven density, although the effects varied by field site. Both raven occurrence and density tended to increase in valleys with networks of agricultural fields, ranches, roads, and distribution lines. These features likely subsidize local raven populations, which then move into more remote shrubland environments with negative consequences for sage-grouse populations. We used the relationships identified in our model to make predictions of raven density and distribution across the Great Basin landscape. We show how these model outputs can be used to guide management decisions where raven distributions overlap with breeding sage-grouse concentration areas. Findings are preliminary and provided for timely best science. Proceedings of the 18 Wildlife Damage Management Conference. (J.B. Armstrong, G.R. Gallagher, Eds.). 2019. Pp. 5


The performance characteristics of commonly used sacrificial anode materials based on zinc,magne-sium,aluminum and composite sacrificial anode are reviewed.The influence of alloying elements and impurities of the materials are described.The using conditions of sacrificial anode materials and the composition of filled-bag materials are discussed respectively.Some new developments and applications of sacrificial anode materials are also introduced.


Every single country of this world wants to enlarge and optimize their territory. It causes every single country get competition to strengthen their country. In the other side they want some comfort condition, the condition is free from anxiety and the ability to predict threats, is a situation esired by all citizens. Not yet optimal in countermeasures and predicting the direction of the threat. The need for innovation in the method of determination according to the current state. Research based on the Decision Support System (DSS) trying will provide a solution in determining the predictor of the threat state. Using the Profile Matching method researchers try to map the profiles of countries located in the region. Providing problem solving by modifying the Profile Matching method is to start with delphi method in obtaining the determining criteria of research and weighting it with Borda technique. The criteria and weighting as the constituent criteria of the threat predictor country's strength profile, followed by the role so that the names of the threat predictor countries in Southeast Asia are obtained. The determination of the predictor state will facilitate in countermeasures or deal with it as well as provide actual information of where the threat comes from and the disertor criteria where the country can be weakened by Indonesia.

Keywords: Strategic Position, threat, Southeast Asia Country, Profile Matching, Borda Method.


The reaction of thiolate anions, generated in situ by indium(I) iodide promoted cleavage of dialkyl/diaryl disulfides, with styrenes has been investigated. Thiolate anions add to a variety of styrenes in an anti-Markovnikov manner producing linear thioethers in high yields. This method provides a new route to the synthesis of thioethers.


The paper deals with an application of combined techniques of dynamical voltage restorer (DVR) and uninterruptible power supply (UPS) that make possible both the short voltage sags compensation, as well as longer power supply interruptions, under the simultaneous operation of equipment and network. This is enabled mainly by an instantaneous voltage sag detection, quick bidirectional over-switches, and an instantaneous control method of the output voltage. This needs a fast control method, which can provide a voltage recovery for phase-sensitive loads during several calculation steps, so the dead-beat regulator is used. Such a system even compensates for the influence of non-linear loads on the power supply network without a change of a phase and amplitude of the supply voltage. The simulation results in Matlab/Simulink, as well as real experiments and their comparison results, are given in the paper.


Research in knowledge representation, machine learning, and knowledge acquisition performed at Knowledge Systems Lab. is summarized. The major goal of the research was to develop flexible, effective methods for representing the qualitative knowledge necessary for solving large problems that require symbolic reasoning as well as numerical computation. The research focused on integrating different representation methods to describe different kinds of knowledge more effectively than any one method can alone. In particular, emphasis was placed on representing and using spatial information about three dimensional objects and constraints on the arrangement of these objects in space. Another major theme is the development of robust machine learning programs that can be integrated with a variety of intelligent systems. To achieve this goal, learning methods were designed, implemented and experimented within several different problem solving environments.


This paper presents the approach used in the PAN '11 authorship identification competition. Our method extracts meta features from several independently generated clustering solutions from the training set. Each clustering solution uses a disjoint set of features that represent a specific linguistic modality. The different clustering solutions encode similarities in writing styles of authors across specific dimensions. The final classifier is trained with a combination of the meta features with first level features. Our approach has outperformed a more syntactic oriented state-of-the-art method on web forum data. We achieved moderately successful results on this PAN competition, with better results on the test set with a smaller number of authors. However, considering that our system was not fine tuned for the PAN evaluation data we found our results very encouraging.


Recycling is an effective way to solve the pesticide packaging waste pollution.Based on this,this article studis on the status quo of China's pesticide packaging waste,recycling support attitude and recycling mode selection.Research results show that conveniently discards and throwing rubbish dump are the two most commonly way to recycle pesticide packaging waste at presentmore than 90%of the farmers have support attitude for pesticide packaging waste recycling,their attitudes are mainly affected by pesticide cognitive level.Government leading recycling mode should be taken as the main way in short term,and the pesticide cognitive attitude and recycling situation of farmers should be considered to gradually establish a pesticide packaging waste recycling market in the long term.


AbstractThree cases of paraplegic patients with Bacteroides bccteremia from decubitus ulers are reported. Each patient was suspected of having another organism and another source of infection. Each patient was treated initially and unsuccessfully with antibiotics normally useful for aerobic gram-neg


The Department of Aviation and Space Psychology at the German Aerospace Center (DLR) deals with the selection of operational personnel (e.g. pilots, air traffic controllers) and conducts related research. Since 1977, DLR has regularly been involved in selecting astronaut candidates (AsCan) both, nationwide and throughout Europe. In 2008/2009 the European Space Agency (ESA) performed its third selection campaign to enhance the European Astronaut Corps. 8413 applicants of various nationalities met the formal requirements. Finally, in September 2009 six AsCans started their basic training after passing several selection stages (including paper sifting, medical and psychological phases). Methods: Phase 1 of the psychological selection focussed on operational aptitudes (basic cognitive and psychomotor functions), knowledge tests (English language, physics and mathematics) and personality traits (NEO-PI & (DLR in-house) TSS). Phase 2 concentrated on personality and team behaviour and consisted of interactive exercises and interviews (oneon-one and board interview). Results: Out of 902 applicants, 192 candidates successfully completed Phase 1, and 46 also had positive results in Phase 2. Regarding personality traits, significant differences could be found between astronaut candidates and the normal population in the NEO-PI scales (e.g. astronauts scored lower in Neuroticism and higher in Agreeableness and Conscientiousness). Significant differences between astronaut candidates and licensed airline pilot candidates in the TSS scales could also be found (e.g. astronauts scoring higher in Emotional Stability, Mobility or Achievement Motivation). In performance tests, the astronaut candidates scored significantly higher in knowledge tests, but lower in operational tests compared to pilot candidates. Conclusions: Due to the specific job requirements of astronauts, tailored tests which are based on those developed for highly qualified operational personnel (e.g. pilots, air traffic controllers) should be applied. However, the differences in personality and performance tests between pilot and astronaut applicants underline the need for specific norms.


Aim: The surgery of lesions involving the cervicothoracic junction was one of the challenging problems in spinal surgery practice. This area is quite unusual, especially since it is a transition zone from hard and relatively stationary thoracic and lumbar vertebrae to the kyphotic and movable cervicothoracic vertebrae. The fact that the cervicothoracic junction differs from the other vertebrae anatomy forces the surgeons to push into more conservative approaches. The instability of this component may cause fatal clinical results and may be necessary to stabilize due to tumor, trauma, infection, or degeneration. Material and Methods: In this study, we examined 24 patients who underwent cervicothoracic region in our clinic between 2012 and 2017 retrospectively, and their age, gender, pathologies that cause medical need, instability of the vertebrae, howmany vertebrae were included in the pathology, surgical methods and results were evaluated. Results: According to Frankel scores, neurological examination improved in 4 cases (17%) in the early postoperative period and worsening in 1 patient (4%). In the other 19 patients (79%), Frankel scores were not different in the preoperative and early postoperative examination. Conclusion: Neurosurgeons should treat the instability of this region discreetly, and they should keep in mind that the surgical procedures involving this area may affect the stability of this region iatrogenically. In patients with cervicothoracic junctional pathologies, motor and sensory loss may occur below the relevant segment, and functional rehabilitation of these patients may be possible with early diagnosis, surgery, and post-rehabilitation applications.


This article shows that studying the views of future Russian lawyers on the projective future of society is a relevant development, since this particular socio-professional group does not only put forward certain demands in regards to projective subjective social wellbeing, but also possesses the lawmaking potential necessary for the transformation and normative engineering of Russian society.

The article analyzes the results of the author's own research, conducted in 2016 in 12 cities of Russia (based on All- Russian State University of Justice and its subsidiaries). According to the author, the results of research in the field reveal a relatively high level of subjective wellbeing registered among the respondents, with their core values being justice, freedom, upholding law and order, public initiative.

In order to measure normative expectations, those surveyed were offered to characterize three models of a supposed society using an array of parameters: "the best society" (utopian), "a bad society" (dystopian) and "a good society" (one that's attainable and suitable for life and personal growth). As a result, certain projective requirement indexes were obtained for implementing these models in a future society. It came as somewhat of a surprise that, in spite of the widespread belief that the value orientations of modern youth have a "consumer" nature to them, material wellbeing turned out to be far from the most significant parameter. The highest values were shown by indexes which correlated with such virtues as justice, equality and lawfulness, which speaks to their considerable influence on the respondents' evaluation of their subjective wellbeing.

The authors also noticed a fundamental difference when it comes to future Russian lawyers' thoughts on the paths towards attaining justice. The indexes for a society constantly subject to reform and a conservative society were practically on the same level. This indirectly points to the existence of a deeply rooted divide when it comes to values, indicating that people are looking into the future with uncertainty, which is proven by a multitude of studies done by other authors.


The Henry J. McKellops Collection in Dental Medicine is 1 of 9 rare book collections housed at the Bernard Becker Medical Library of Washington University in St. Louis. It currently contains 760 titles that cover 500 years of dental history, ranging from 1532 up to the mid-20th century. The heart of the collection is the personal dental library of St. Louis–based dentist Henry Jerome Byron McKellops, which was assembled between 1850 and his death in 1901 and was greatly admired by his colleagues.

McKellops was born August 31, 1823, in Salina, New York, and moved to St. Louis in 1840 with his mother and older sister. He worked as a page in the Missouri Legislature and used the money he earned to study at the University of Missouri in Columbia. In 1846, he began to study medicine at the St. Louis Medical College; however, his brother-in-law George Silvers lured him away from medicine and into dentistry. As a dental practitioner, he was particularly well known for his preference of using gold and platinum fillings rather than amalgam. He also demonstrated the use of the mallet to dental societies in England and France, and introduced continuous gum work (a method of constructing dentures that involved soldering artificial teeth to a platinum base and binding them together with porcelain cement) to the St. Louis dental community.

Dr. McKellops was highly regarded in the profession and served as the president of the American Dental Association as well as several regional dental organizations. His death in 1901 was marked by obituaries in several dental periodicals, including Dental Cosmos which praised him for his skill as a practitioner and his contributions to dentistry as a whole 1.*

One of McKellops's greatest legacies proved to be his dental library. He may have started collecting in 1850, and probably acquired several volumes while practicing in London and Paris between 1863 and 1865. He also seems to have employed agents working both in the United States and abroad to secure relevant publications 2. The result was a collection documenting the history of dentistry in both the United States and Western Europe that was widely admired by the St. Louis dental community. On May 11, 1901, the St. Louis Post-Dispatch declared that "The only collection of books devoted exclusively to dentistry which approaches [McKellops's] in completeness is that of the Odontological Society in London." Four years later in 1905, Dr. John Campbell wrote, "Had Dr. McKellops left no other record to insure the perpetuity of his name than this collection, he surely would be entitled to the highest consideration as a prominent figure in the annals of the dental profession" 3.

The story of what befell McKellops's collection immediately after his death is unfortunately somewhat vague.† While it eventually came into the possession of the Washington University School of Dentistry (then simply known as the Dental Department), the collection was not mentioned in the school catalog until 1910, when an entry stated that about 600 volumes of the McKellops library had been acquired in 1905 4.‡ The books were then housed at the Ridgley Library, located on what is now the Danforth Campus of Washington University, five miles distant from the dental school. In 1912, they were moved to the dental campus itself, but they remained uncataloged and unshelved until 1928, when the school hired a librarian. The collection remained at the dental school until its closure in 1991, and it then became part of the Becker Medical Library's special collections.

The praise for McKellops's library was not unwarranted. The collection contains an impressive number of dental classics from the sixteenth century onward, and most of the major names in the history of the discipline are represented. The earliest work in the collection, and probably the most spectacular in terms of rarity and historical interest, is a 1532 edition of the Zene Artzney printed in Mainz, Germany. When it was initially published in 1530, this relatively slim volume—which consists of excerpts from established medical authorities such as Celsus, Galen, and Avicenna—was the first printed work dedicated solely to dentistry 5. Following this is Eustachi's treatise Le Libellus de Dentibus, published in 1583. This was the first work on dental anatomy and one of the few works Eustachi published during his own lifetime 6. The library purchased it for the collection in 2013.

The great eighteenth century dental classics are also present. The McKellops collection holds both the 1771 first edition and the 1778 second edition of John Hunter's The Natural History of the Human Teeth, with its beautiful illustrations by Jan van Rymsdyk. This work is notable for its understanding of the jaw 7. Also present in the collection are the second and third editions of Pierre Fauchard's Le chirurgien dentiste, which is often regarded as one of the founding texts of modern dentistry. While Fauchard did not make any groundbreaking discoveries himself, he set out to collect all existing dental knowledge into one textbook and make an end to the secrecy that had plagued the profession up to that point 8.

Most of the collection's holdings document American and British dentistry during the nineteenth century. They include the 1803 first edition of Joseph Fox's Natural History of the Human Teeth, which is the first work describing how to correct dental irregularities 9; an 1814 first edition of the first full-length dental work published in the United States, Benjamin James's A Treatise on the Management of the Teeth 10; and a first edition of The Dental Art by Chapin Aaron Harris, which was published in 1839 and became one of the century's most popular dental texts 11. The works of G. V. Black, a highly influential figure in American dentistry who was known for his work on cavities, are also present. It also contains some humorous works. The McKellops collection holds both the London and Philadelphia imprints of The Tooth-Ache, a rather charming comic that was written by Horace Mayhew and illustrated by George Cruikshank, two giants of nineteenth century British satire; and the dental poetry of Solyman Brown is also present.

During his life, McKellops assembled an impressive collection of dental literature that is now a valuable resource for researchers with an interest in the history of dentistry. Its holdings document important developments in many aspects of dentistry, including orthodontics, dental disease, and dental anatomy; and they cover a period of five hundred years. The collection has been completely cataloged and is searchable through the library's website at becker.wustl.edu, and the library is free and open to everyone.


This thesis discusses the intersection of contemporary poetry with homosexuality specifically in the aspects of human sexuality and social commentary. The thesis features my original work as well as poems by other contemporary gay and lesbian poets. Sexuality is an abstraction, and poetry is a vessel for the discovery of a truth within the context of desire. My thesis strives to enlighten the rhetoric and poetics in the gay and lesbian community.