Background: The evolution of pharmacy practice from product-focused to patient-focused orientation is ongoing. Patient care is a complex activity that demands health care professionals to work together in an efficient and effective manner. Collaboration, as a joint communication and decision-making process is based on the belief that quality patient care is achieved by the contribution of expertise from all care providers. Objective: To determine the perception of Patients, Doctors and Pharmacists on doctor-pharmacist collaboration in patient management. Method: A survey using different questionnaires designed to document the perception of respondents on collaboration between doctors and pharmacists. The questionnaires were administered to all the doctors, pharmacists and some patients that consented to participate in the research and SPSS Version 17.0.1 was employed to analyze the obtained data. Results: With a response rate of 98.6%, there was statistical difference in the respondents' perception score on effect of doctor–pharmacist collaboration on treatment outcome. There was no statistical difference on the need to encourage collaboration. The respondents indicated that doctors' and pharmacists' roles in patient management are complementary with shared responsibility. Conclusion: Doctor-pharmacist collaboration is necessary, desired and should be encouraged as perceived by the respondents. Collaborative care practice is an important element of effective patient-focused health care delivery.


A new series equalizer based on Constant Modulus Algorithm (CMA) and Decision-directed (DD) algorithm is proposed to overcome Inter-Symbol Inter-ference (ISI) much better in the communication system without the aid of training sequences. The proposed equalizer uses the CMA as the forward filter and DD algorithm as the back filter. These two filters are series and operate concurrently. It makes full use of the advantages of the CMA's "eye-opened" ability and DD's superior convergence performance. Therefore the proposed equalizer obtains not only the faster convergence and lower residual error but also the ability of phase rotation-compensated. Computer simulations with underwater acoustic channels are presented and the simulation results are shown to prove the efficiency of the proposed equalizer.


BACKGROUND: The long‐term course of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV‐1)‐related disease among seropositive blood donors has not been described. The enrollment and epidemiologic background of HIV‐1‐ infected donors in the Transfusion Safety Study and their immunologic and clinical progression are described. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Through the testing of approximately 200,000 sera from donations made in late 1984 and early 1985, 146 anti‐HIV‐1‐positive donors and 151 uninfected matched donors were enrolled. These two cohorts were followed with 6‐month interval histories and laboratory testing. RESULTS: Seropositive donors detected before the institution of routine anti‐HIV‐1 screening disproportionately were first‐time donors and men with exclusively male sexual contacts. The actuarial probability of a person's developing AIDS within 7 years after donation was 40 percent; the probability of a person's dying of AIDS was 28 percent. AIDS developed more often when the donor was p24 antigen‐positive at donation. Over a 3‐year period, significant decreases occurred in CD4+, CD2+CD26+, CD4+CD29+, and CD20+CD21+ counts, but not in CD8+ subsets, CD20+, or CD14+. CONCLUSION: The high proportions of first‐time donations and exclusively homosexual men among seropositive donors suggest that test‐seeking may have contributed to the high HIV‐1 prevalence in the repository. Implementation of alternative test sites when routine donor screening began in 1985 may have averted many high‐ risk donations. The disease course in HIV‐1‐infected donors had the same wide spectrum of immunologic and clinical manifestations as were reported for other cohorts


Certain principles of practical program development lead to a different approach to the 8‐queens problem: Do not re‐invent the wheel, solve the simple problem first, and worry about efficiency only when the program works and is needed often.


Abstract The number of American homeless youth has skyrocketed in the twenty-first century. In 2015, for example, this number reached a record high, becoming twice as high as it was before the recession. Educators should be concerned about this problem because homelessness is more harmful to children than to adults and interferes dramatically with their education. This article offers guidelines for educators on how to deal with this problem effectively. It also includes an example of a policy that would reduce this problem in America.


Climate warming exerts profound effects on plant community composition. However, responses to climate warming are often reported at the community and functional type levels, but not at the species level. To test whether warming-induced changes are consistent among community, functional type, and species levels, we examined the warming-induced changes at different levels in an alpine meadow from 2015 to 2018. The warming was achieved by deploying six (open top) chambers [including three non-warmed chambers and three warmed chambers; 15 × 15 × 2.5 m (height) for each] that resulted in a small increase in mean annual temperature (0.3–0.5°C, varying with years) with a higher increase during the non-growing season (0.4–0.6°C) than in the growing season (0.03–0.47°C). The results show that warming increased plant aboveground biomass but did not change species richness, or Shannon diversity and evenness at the community level. At the functional type level, warming increased the relative abundance of grasses from 3 to 16%, but decreased the relative abundance of forbs from 89 to 79%; relative abundances of sedges and legumes were unchanged. However, for a given functional type, warming could result in contrasting effects on the relative abundance among species, e.g., the abundances of the forb species Geranium pylzowianum, Potentilla anserine, Euphrasia pectinate, and the sedge species Carex atrofusca increased in the warmed (compared to the non-warmed) chambers. More importantly, the difference in species identity between warmed and non-warmed chambers revealed warming-induced species loss. Specifically, four forb species were lost in both types of chambers, one additional forb species (Angelica apaensis) was lost in the non-warmed chambers, and two additional species (one forb species Saussurea stella and one sedge species Blysmus sinocompressus) were lost in the warmed chambers. Consequently, changes at the species level could not be deduced from the results at the community or functional type levels. These data indicate that species-level responses to climate changes must be more intensively studied. This work also highlights the importance of examining species identity (and not only species number) to study changes of community composition in response to climate warming.


This study probes into effects of the toxic dinoflagellate Alexandrium tamarense(ATHK),a producer of paralytic shellfish poison,on antioxidant system of Chinese shrimp Fenneropenaeus chinensis,an important mariculture species in China.The shrimp were intramuscularly injected the crude toxin extracted from A.tamarense cells.The dose injection was carried out only one time during the experiment,using extracted solution from 1.4×103 algae cells.Superoxide dismutase(SOD)activity,glutathione-S-transferase(GST)activity and malondialdehyde(MDA)content were analyzed in hepatopancreas and gill at 1,3,6,12,24 and 48 h after stress.SOD activity and GST activity in hepatopancreas and gill increased within 6 h.However,they were inhibited in gill at 12 h and 48 h after stress.MDA content in hepatopancreas had no significant change except at 1 h after stress,but increased in gill with time prolonging.The results indicated that the crude toxin extracted from A.tamarense cells could cause lipid peroxidation in gill of F.chinensis by induction of MDA increase and SOD and GST inactivation.


In situ brain-pancreas perfusion was performed on male adult Sprague-Dawley rats, of which the central nervous systems (CNS) were intact during the perfusion procedure. The modified Krebs-Ringer buffer with 100 ㎎/dL of glucose and 20 mM of arginine was perfused for 30 min. In the experimental groups, a cephalic glucopenia was induced at 0 min (GLP1 group) or at 16 min (GLP2 group). The glucopenia was not induced in the control (CONT group). Insulin and glucagon concentrations in the effluent samples from the pancreas were measured using a RIA method. In all three groups, the first and second phases in the dynamics of the insulin and glucagon secretion were observed, which was a typical biphasic secretory pattern. The amount of insulin secretion tended to decrease in the GLP1 and GLP2 groups, but there was no statistically significant difference among the groups. However, the amount of glucagon secretion during 0~15 min of the perfusion period in the GLP1 group was greater as compared to the CONT group (p<0.05). The amount of glucagon secretion during 16~30 min of the perfusion period in the GLP2 group tended to be greater as compared to the CONT group, however there was no statistical significance. These data indicate that the cephalic glucopenia stimulates the direct secretion of glucagon from the pancreas during the early period of perfusion in the CNS-intact pancreatic perfused rats.


This study presents computational analyses for low-drag aerodynamic design that are applied to modify a long-endurance UAV. EAV-2 is a test-bed for a hybrid electric power system (fuel cell and solar cell) that was developed by the Korean Aerospace Research Institute (KARI) for use in future long-endurance UAVs. The computational investigation focuses on designing a wing with a reduced drag since this is the main contributor of the aerodynamic drag. The airfoil and wing aspect ratio of the least drag are defined, the fuselage configuration is modified, and raked wingtips are implemented to further reduce the profile and induced drag of EAV-2. The results indicate that the total drag was reduced by 54% relative to EAV-1, which was a small-sized version that was previously developed. In addition, static stabilities can be achieved in the longitudinal and lateral-directional by this low-drag configuration. A long-endurance flight test of 22 hours proves that the low-drag design for EAV-2 is effective and that the average power consumption is lower than the objective cruise power of 200 Watts.


A user management server stores access information for each unit of access identification information, which identifies an access destination according to the number of users allowed to connect. Associated with said access information are: access conditions showing user properties; user identification information identifying the user terminal associated with an access destination; and connection destination information identifying the comment storage unit which stores comments sent from said user terminal. When the user management server receives a connection request from a user terminal, the user management server allows the connection if the access information associated with the corresponding access conditions indicates that there is space; the comment server, when receiving a comment sent from a user terminal, shares the comment between user terminals having identical connection destination information associated therewith.


Based on natural distribution of macrobenthos of Meiliang Bay,Lake Taihu,effects of Limnodrilus hoffmeristeri on the release of inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus from sediments were evaluated experimentally using sediment-water microcosms.Based on contrastive analysis of phosphorus and dissolved inorganic nitrogen(DIN) exchange between sediment-water interface,recursive rule and difference of DIN profile at the sediments with and without tubificid worms activities,impact and mechanism of Limnodrilus hoffmeristeri(Oligochaeta) activities on the phosphorus and DIN exchange at the sediment-water interface were studied.It was found that Limnodrilus hoffmeristeri caused an enhancement of inorganic nitrogen and phosphate release from lake sediments to overlying water by its bioturbation,increasing densities of tubificids markedly influenced the concentration of DIN in sediments and overlying water,but physiological mechanism-excretion mainly affected phosphate release.


This paper presents a novel design approach for a two-DOF foot force sensor for a high speed running quadruped. The adopted approach harnesses the deformation property of an elastomeric material to relate applied force to measurable deformation. A lightweight, robust and compact magnetic-field based sensing system, consisting of an assembly of miniature hall-effect sensors, is employed to infer the positional information of a magnet embedded in the elastomeric material. Instead of solving two non-linear models (magnetic field and elastomeric) sequentially, a direct approach of using artificial neural networks (ANN) is utilized to relate magnetic flux density (MFD) measurements to applied forces. The force sensor, which weighs only 24.5 gms, provides a measurement range of 0 - 1000 N normal to the ground and up to ± 125N parallel to the ground. The mean force measurement accuracy was found to be within 7% of the applied forces. The sensor designed as part of this work finds direct applications in ground reaction force sensing for a running quadrupedal robot.


An experiment table of bag dust removal was built,and the experiment was made to investigate the influence factors of dust removal characteristics of bag filter using the dust from A,B,C and D power plant.The results show that dust removal efficiency increases along with the filtration velocity being reduced;increases along with the dust load of piece area attaching on the fabric surface of bag filter being increased;increases along with the dust entrance concentration being increased.


At the time when our country is to work out macro-regulation law, which starts a project to perfect economic laws in the new century, the paper analyzes and explains the meaning of the word "regulation" for the first time.


This work is concerned with the construction of minimal and maximal solutions for a second order quasilinear differential equation on the half-line with nonlocal boundary condition and without condition at infinity, where the nonlinearity is a continuous function depending on the first derivative of the unknown function. We also give an example to illustrate our results. AMS (MOS) Subject Classification. 34B10, 34B15


The article introduces a method of multi-factorial fuzzy decision which is used to solve the problem about tendency of insulators 'pollution flashover . Leakage current, air humid and temperature which are gathered through on-line monitoring apparatus are used there. By using the first and second fuzzy synthesize-decision, to know the tendency of insulators' pollution flashover in short time.


In previous study,the e-Polylysine Complex Biological Preservatives was made of e-poly lysine as the main preservatives,mixed with nisin and natamycin,and compounded by the test,obtained better bacteriostatic effects of several compound.In this study,by the paper disc method of bacteriostasis test,Escherichia coli,8099,Staphylococcus aureus,ATCC6538,Monilia albican,ATCC10231 and ect.as the indicator strains,the assessment of e-polylysine complex biological preservatives on common pathogen antibacterial effect was done.The result showed that the e-polylysine complex biological preservatives inhibited Gram-positive bacteria,Gram-negative bacteria and fungi,and preservatives monomer than substance,and the e-polylysine complex biological preservatives could enhance the antiseptic effect and extend the antibacterial spectrum.


2014 This paper is concerned with the donor-acceptor pair emission (D.A.P.) in cubic ZnSe and the correlated conduction band-acceptor emission (BC-A). Direct measurements of the peak positions of the bands are not accurate enough to enable a choice to be made between the different possible donors and acceptors. We first made the BC-A shape with Eagles' theory obtaining the ionization energies of the acceptors ; then a computer calculation of the D.A.P. emission profile leads to the coulombic energy correction and allows the donor ionization energies to be obtained. Thermoluminescence experiments give trap depths correlated with the observed acceptors, and also deeper traps. A discussion is given of the experimental situation leading to the observation of the different emission bands. J. Physique 41 (1980) 981-996 SEPTEMBRE 1980, Classification Physics Abstracts 78.60


CSCW Techniques and Methods.- Vega Information Grid for Collaborative Computing.- Physical Object Icons Buttons Gesture (PIBG): A New Interaction Paradigm with Pen.- A Novel Method of QoS Based Resource Management and Trust Based Task Scheduling.- Learning to Plan the Collaborative Design Process.- Groupware System Design and the Context Concept.- Grid Authorization Management Oriented to Large-Scale Collaborative Computing.- Research on Network Performance Measurement Based on SNMP.- Concepts, Model and Framework of Cooperative Software Engineering.- An Algorithm for Cooperative Learning of Bayesian Network Structure from Data.- Non-violative User Profiling Approach for Website Design Improvement.- Agents and Multi-agent Systems.- Generative Design in an Agent Based Collaborative Design System.- Similarity Based Agents for Design.- Semantic Integration in Distributed Multidisciplinary Design Optimization Environments.- Formal Dialogue and Its Application to Team Formation in Cooperative Design.- MA_CORBA: A Mobile Agent System Architecture Based on CORBA.- A Multi-agent Based Method for Handling Exceptions in Computer Supported Cooperative Design.- Ontology and Knowledge Management.- CEJ - An Environment for Flexible Definition and Execution of Scientific Publication Processes.- Methodology of Integrated Knowledge Management in Lifecycle of Product Development Process and Its Implementation.- Knowledge-Based Cooperative Design Technology of Networked Manufacturing.- Multi-ontology Based System for Distributed Configuration.- Collaborative Design and Manufacturing, and Enterprise Collaboration.- Online Collaborative Design Within a Web-Enabled Environment.- C-Superman: A Web-Based Synchronous Collaborative CAD/CAM System.- Developing a Multidisciplinary Approach of Concurrent Engineering.- Hardware/Software Co-design Environment for Hierarchical Platform-Based Design.- A Computer Supported Collaborative Dynamic Measurement System.- A Collaborative Management and Training Model for Smart Switching System.- A Web-Based Fuzzy-AHP Method for VE Partner Selection and Evaluation.- A Method of Network Simplification in a 4PL System.- Virtual Reality and Applications.- Using Augmented Reality Technology to Support the Automobile Development.- Real-Time Selective Scene Transfer.- Design and Implementation of a Collaborative Virtual Shopping System.- Digital Virtual Human Based Distance Education System.- Workflows.- Towards Incompletely Specified Process Support in SwinDeW - A Peer-to-Peer Based Workflow System.- A Flexible Workflow Model Supporting Dynamic Selection.- Temporal Logic Based Workflow Service Modeling and Its Application.- Research on Cooperative Workflow Management Systems.- Effective Elements of Integrated Software Development Process Supported Platform.- Other Related Approaches and Applications.- Hierarchical Timed Colored Petri Nets Based Product Development Process Modeling.- An Intelligent Petri Nets Model Based on Competitive Neural Network.- An Automatic Coverage Analysis for SystemC Using UML and Aspect-Oriented Technology.- Optimistic Locking Concurrency Control Scheme for Collaborative Editing System Based on Relative Position.- Research on Content-Based Text Retrieval and Collaborative Filtering in Hybrid Peer-to-Peer Networks.- On the Stochastic Overlay Simulation Network.- Applying Semiotic Analysis to the Design and Modeling of Distributed Multimedia Systems.- A Rapid Inducing Solid Model Towards Web-Based Interactive Design.


The realization of modernization and the sacrifice of natural resources are synchronized,and in many developed countries but also the natural history of the tragedy of history.Since reform and opening,China's economy has achieved rapid development,but it also brought great pressure on the environment,in this historical process,drawing on O'Connor's "ecological socialism" doctrine,no doubt on China's current ecological civilization construction is extremely important.


We present measurements on penguin dominated B decays which are sensitive to new physics, such as CP-violation parameters and branching fractions in $b \to s q\bar{q}$ and $b \to d q\bar{q}$ gluonic and radiative decays using a large sample of $B\bar{B}$ pairs recorded at the $\Upsilon(4S)$ resonance with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric energy $e^+e^-$ collider.


A novel chemical/biological process is described in which sulphate and sulphide are removed simultaneously during biological treatment. Partial sulphate removal is achieved during chemical pre-treatment. In the biological stage sulphate is reduced to sulphide in a complete-mixed reactor through addition of sucrose or ethanol as a carbon and energy source. Sulphide is oxidised by allowing oxygen to enter the system in a controlled way. The experimental investigation of the process showed that sulphate and sulphide could be removed simultaneously due to co-existence of sulphate-reducing bacteria and sulphur oxidising bacteria. The volumetric sulphate reduction rate in a complete-mixed reactor, with sucrose as an organic carbon and energy source, amounts to 12.4 g SO 4 /(l.d). The rate of biological sulphate removal was found to be directly related to the square root of sulphate, COD and VSS concentrations respectively, and inversely proportional to sulphide concentration. The practical value of simultaneous sulphate and sulphide removal is that only one stage is required for removal of both sulphate and sulphide; a conventional completemixed reactor can be used; and sulphate can be removed in a consistent way to below 200 mg/l (as SO4) due to the stability of the process. By combining the biological stage with CaCO 3 -neutralisation and/or lime pre-treatment, the chemical cost can be reduced. Sulphate, associated with the over-saturated fraction after treatment with CaCO3 or lime, can be removed through gypsum crystallisation. In the integrated sulphate removal process (CaCO 3 -neutralisation, lime treatment and biological stages), sulphate can be removed from 9 200 mg/l (typical sulphate concentration of coal discard leachate) to 2410 mg/l, 1 230 mg/l and 205 mg/l (as SO 4 ) in the various stages respectively. The chemical cost with the integrated process amounts to R2.94/m3, versus R12.44/m 3 when all the sulphate is removed using the biological stage only. Similarly, the cost for treating magnesium sulphaterich mine water amounts to R1.92/m 3 for the integrated process, versus R3.11/m 3 for biological treatment only.


Oxidative stress has been highly reported to be participating in the development of cardiac diseases. Studies that have been conducted previously showed that there are antioxidant properties in Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn (HSL). This study focused on examining the likely defensive effects of HSL on H9c2 cardiomyocytes facing hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced damage. These cells were pre-treated 24 h with HSL 1 h before exposure to 200 μM H2O2. The cells viability was assessed using 3-(4,5dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium (MTT) test. Fluorometric methods were used to determine the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation. H2O2 substantially reduced the viability of the cell, followed by increased production of ROS and lipid peroxidation and decreased activity of superoxide dismutase. Pre-treatment of HSL has improved cardiomyocyte viability and decreased the production of raised ROS and lipid peroxidation. HSL has also been able to improve the activity of superoxide dismutase. In conclusion, the damage caused by oxidative stress on cardiomyocytes was reduced by the protective factor found in HSL, which can prevent cardiovascular diseases as it acts as a natural cardioprotective agent.


One of the most common environmental problems of recent decades is the eutrophication of surface water and the associated algal bloom. As one of the approaches to eliminate this phenomenon, the use of biological methods, in particular biological preparations from barley straw, is considered. In this work presents the results of laboratory modeling of the effect of 1 and 2% (v/v) of barley straw (Hordeum vulgare L.) extract on the development of unicellular algae (Chlorella vulgaris Beijerinck). The alhistatic effect was evaluated by the parameters of algae growth, which were measured using the spectrophotometric and fluorescent methods. The parameters were measured at 0, 7, 14 and 21 days. The addition of barley straw extract reduced algae growth, both with the addition of 1% and 2% concentration. A two-day toxicity test using Daphnia magna Straus showed no toxic effect of barley straw extract for both 1% and 2% concentration.


MV-HEVC refers to the multiview extension of High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC). At the time of writing, MV-HEVC was being developed by the Joint Collaborative Team on 3D Video Coding Extension Development (JCT-3V) of International Organization for Standardization (ISO)/International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) Moving Picture Experts Group and ITU-T VCEG. Before HEVC itself was technically finalized in January 2013, the development of MV-HEVC had already started and it was decided that MV-HEVC would only contain high-level syntax changes compared with HEVC, i.e., no changes to block-level processes, to enable the reuse of the first-generation HEVC decoder hardware as is for constructing an MV-HEVC decoder with only firmware changes corresponding to the high-level syntax part of the codec. Consequently, any block-level process that is not necessary for HEVC itself but on the other hand is useful for MV-HEVC can only be enabled through so-called hooks. Motion hooks refer to techniques that do not have a significant impact on the HEVC single-view version 1 codec and can mainly improve MV-HEVC. This paper presents techniques for efficient MV-HEVC coding by introducing hooks into the HEVC design to accommodate inter-view prediction in MV-HEVC. These hooks relate to motion prediction, hence named motion hooks. Some of the motion hooks developed by the authors have been adopted into HEVC during its finalization. Simulation results show that the proposed motion hooks provide on average 4% of bitrate reduction for the views coded with inter-view prediction.


Recently, the problem of soaring real estate prices in Korea has emerged as a public concern. As a result, the National Assembly revised the law related to real estate to pursue a change in the existing economic order. The constitution of our country adopts democracy and is based on the principles of national sovereignty and capitalism. These constitutional principles apply to all sectors of the state. The constitution stipulates that 'the economic order of Korea is based on respecting the economic freedom and creativity of individuals and companies.' In other words, the constitution explicitly states that it is based on the private property system and private autonomy. The Constitution and Civil Law also have specific rules for guaranteeing property rights. There are also restrictions on people's property rights and regulations on public use. However, if the people are divided due to the legislative action of the National Assembly, great confusion can occur nationally. Currently, Korea is conducting a post-mortem review of whether the legislation of the National Assembly is unconstitutional. Grana has not introduced a pre-screening system. Therefore, it is necessary to fully review the controversial revisions of the law. To this end, I would like to examine the legislative process and interpretation of the restrictions on property rights in Germany and France. In addition, it reviews decisions on property rights of the Constitutional Court of Korea. Through this, it is necessary to derive a clear criterion for infringement of property rights against laws related to property rights restrictions.


Study Design: Prospective Observational Study Background: Physical therapy is one of the primary treatment options for these patients, however, we were unable to identify previously published research that objectively assesses the impact of taping on joint range of motion or on pain levels in patients with SAIS. This gap in the literature motivated the present study. Objectives: To describe the results of the application of neuromuscular taping in patients with subacromial impingement syndrome (SAIS), with respect to their pain levels, joint range of motion, and acromiohumeral distance, assessed via ultrasound Methods: A prospective series of cases was evaluated at the Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires between April and September of 2018. Twenty-four patients from age 25 to 65 were invited to participate (9 men and 15 women), all of whom had been diagnosed with rotator cuff tendinopathy, impingement syndrome, or bursitis with positive signs of impingement in the affected shoulder and anterior shoulder pain in fl exion Result: Signifi cant changes in AHD (Figure 2), pain, and anterior fl exion were registered after taping. Superfi cial dermatitis was detected in only two patients, but this did not affect the assessment. Conclusion: In the results obtained by this study, it has been observed that the application of neuromuscular taping using the method described above signifi cantly increases AHD, leading to short-term improvements in pain and joint range of motion. Research Article Kinesio taping in patients with shoulder impingement Sorin P*, Ramirez FJ, Joly A, Patiño O and Terrasa S Department of Physical Therapy, Hospital Italiano of Buenos Aires, Autonomous City of Buenos Aires, Argentina *Address for Correspondence: Pablo Sorin, Department of Physical Therapy, Hospital Italiano of Buenos Aires, Autonomous City of Buenos Aires, Argentina, Email: email@example.com Submitted: 08 May 2019 Approved: 21 May 2019 Published: 22 May 2019 Copyright: © 2019 Sorin P, et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited


ABSTRACT Here, we describe the biology of a relatively new pest cockroach species in Southeast Asia, Symploce pallens (Stephens) (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae). S. pallens collected from Penang Island, Malaysia, were used for the biological parameter studies and were observed for molting and reproduction events. Nymphal development took 118.2 ± 1.7 d, with a mean of 9.5 ± 0.1 molts. The oothecal incubation period was 36.1 ± 0.2 d. Females produced a mean of 16.0 ± 10.2 oothecae, with mean 17.6 ± 0.1 nymphs per ootheca. Nymphal survivorship per ootheca was 90.4%, and 90.7% of nymphs achieved adulthood, The sex ratio did not deviate from 1:1. The mean longevity of adult males and females was 309.3 ± 7.6 and 322.6 ± 14.8 d, respectively. In general, S. pallens exhibited higher oothecal production and longer nymphal development and longevity compared with the German cockroach, Blattella germanica (L.).


The Bureau of Reclamation, U. S. Department of the Interior, conducted a study which measured pressure exerted by construction scrapers on a rigid, buried, instrumented concrete slab. Impact factors were determined for several conditions which could occur during construction operations. The two factors found to be most significant were roughness of the ground surface and scraper speed. Factors found to have little influence on the computed impact factors were depth of soil covering the concrete slab and soil types used in the test. As expected, the measured impact pressures increased as the depth of cover decreased. Computer impact factors ranged from 1 to 3. The study results also imply that, under certain conditions, impact factors larger than 3 are possible.


In existing ultrasonic transportation methods, the long-range transportation of micro-particles is always realized in step-by-step way. Due to the substantial decrease of the driving force in each step, the transportation is lower-speed and stair-stepping. To improve the transporting velocity, a non-stepping ultrasonic transportation approach is proposed. By quantitatively analyzing the acoustic potential well, an optimal region is defined as the position, where the largest driving force is provided under the condition that the driving force is simultaneously the major component of an acoustic radiation force. To keep the micro-particle trapped in the optimal region during the whole transportation process, an approach of optimizing the phase-shifting velocity and phase-shifting step is adopted. Due to the stable and large driving force, the displacement of the micro-particle is an approximately linear function of time, instead of a stair-stepping function of time as in the existing step-by-step methods. An experimental setup is also developed to validate this approach. Long-range ultrasonic transportations of zirconium beads with high transporting velocity were realized. The experimental results demonstrated that this approach is an effective way to improve transporting velocity in the long-range ultrasonic transportation of micro-particles.


An air cushion dynamics programme was conducted which included tests on 1:35 models of a surface effect ship with a length of 160m and a displacement of about 5000 tons. To validate the air cushion dynamics modelling, the following effects were investigated: nonlinear skirt deformations due to air pressure variations and wave impacts; and cushion outlet flows due to air gap variations between the seal bottom edges and the wave surface. An innovative stepwise methodology was defined which includes the dynamic testing of seals on a test rig and pressure and force dynamics on a captive model. Through the testing, the influence of the front and aft seals on the air cushion dynamics is primarily analyzed considering: a) the dynamics of a seal alone with associated plenum, on a rigid wave with no front/rear flow interaction through the air cushion plenum and b) the water surface deformation due to the cushion pressure and the interaction between the front and aft seal leakage. After an analysis of the input functions to be properly represented on the front or aft seal and on the cushion plenum, a seal dynamic test rig was designed and built. A flexible diaphragm technique was used to compensate for improper Froude scaling of the air compressibility as the ambient pressure cannot be change; it was applied on the cushion plenum and it showed a significant influence due to the large scale factor (1:35). This was also demonstrated on a free running model. The test rig was used to test a 3 lobes aft seal, a front seal system of the "finger" type and a two row front seal system of the "biconal" type. Pressure and force transducers give the air cushion dynamic responses. Dynamic results on a linear and non-linear mathematical model of the test rig air cushion were compared with experiments. The influence of air inertia on fan dynamics and air cushion responses was assessed.


The paper focuses on the contemporary governance and corruption issues of Pakistan and suggests a way forward for good governance to blossom in a corruption-free state. Pakistan stands at 126th and 117th position among 175 and 168 countries on the CPI ranking - in the years 2014 and 2015 respectively. Although, the country's score indicates a better perceived level of public sector corruption but this is still regrettably way down on this account. Corruptions of all magnitudes are perfused in all organs of government including the executive, legislature and judiciary. Corruption severely impacts the governance processes and pushed the state into the political turmoil. The study ascertains the menace and genesis of corruption in the politics of Pakistan from the British colonial era to date. A host of measures are suggested as a way forward to expunge this malaise. The need of deliberate awareness in the masses and emergence of an awakened civil society, raucous and honest media and, independent judiciary is contemplated to curb corruption up to the desired levels. The study deduced that corruption invigorates and breeds in the absence of good governance. Establishment of independent institutions that will over time mitigates the incidence of corruption across the country.


Ubiquitous computing is fast becoming a reality. Several ubiquitous devices compliant with the service discoveries like UPnP and JINI are available now. Individually, managing the ubiquitous devices with UPnP is not a problem. But, it is quite cumbersome to manage these devices in the large scale environment especially when the management issues like performance, fault and security management have to be considered. SNMP is a standard for network management and widely deployed. A majority of SNMP compliant devices are already present. We propose that by integrating SNMP with service discovery protocols like UPnP, we could leverage the use of management factors in the business, organizations, and other multi-user ubiquitous environments, while providing a uniform interface to an administrator for the management of UPnP and SNMP based devices.


The static distance protection type LZ921 of ABB is used for 716 MVA generator transformer backup protection in Shajiao C Power Plant.This paper introduces the design features,component units and impedance characteristics of the protection,and analyzes the problems that occurred in operation.A rectification is made,which basically removes the hidden danger of protection maloperation and helps improve the safety and reliability of Guangdongs 500 kV system.


Introduction: Liver fibrosis is a healing response of the liver to injury by depositing excessive extracellular matrix proteins. Although this fibrosis has a strong impact on survival following resection, there is no therapeutic guideline so far for liver fibrosis. Platelet-derived Growth Factor (PDGF) is the most potent mitogen of Hepatic Stellate Cells (HSC) which started liver fibrogenesis. Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) have an anti-fibrotic effect by controlling inflammation and HSC immunomodulation, while Bovine Colostrum (BC) has an antifibrotic effect by its antioxidant capacity and growth factor content. However, their effect was only studied in the non-resected fibrotic liver and their combination is never been studied. our study aimed to examine the effects of MSC, BC and their combination on PDGF and fibrosis level in the fibrotic liver after resection.
Material and methods: Twenty-five Sprague-Dawley rats with fibrotic liver were randomly assigned to BC, MSC, MSC+BC, control, and sham groups. Hepatectomy 50% was carried out except for the sham group. The 106MSCs were given intraparenchymal liver, while BC (15 μL/g) was given orally for 5 days/week until day 10. The PDGF plasma level was assessed on days 3, 7, and 10. The histopathologic examination of the liver remnant was done on day 10 using Metavir Scoring System.
Result: MSC+BC significantly increased PDGF level on day 3 followed by a significant decrease on day 10 (p<0.001). The Metavir mean score was 1.2 in the MSC+BC group.
Conclusion: MSC+BC combination can improve liver fibrosis after hepatectomy of liver fibrosis rats by preventing post-hepatectomy fibrogenesis.
Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 21 No. 02 April'22 Page : 262-270


"A theoretical physicist," is one way Lisa Randall likes to describe herself. Randall, a Frank B. Baird, Jr., Professor of Science at Harvard University, teamed up with artist and Chapman University Assistant Professor of Fine Art Lia Halloran to curate a Los Angeles-based contemporary art exhibit. Yet this is by no means Randall's first foray into the art world. Having already published another book, "Knocking on Heaven's Door," and written the libretto for opera "Hypermusic: A Projective Opera in Seven Planes," Randall has been making inroads with the art community for years now. With the collaboration of these distinguished curators—a scientist and an artist—"Measure for Measure" promises to be an innovative and eccentric collection. The exhibit will run until December 22 in the Carpenter Center.


This concluding chapter briefly summarizes the findings of the overall book, and outline the contributions of this research to the study of international—domestic linkages and authoritarianism more broadly. It also addresses opportunities for future research on the subject. Finally, it provides analysis and predictions for the future of the Palestinian cause.


The article presents the results of four series of experimental studies of irradiation efficiency of Moskovskii Parnikovyi leaf lettuce with general and special-purpose LED lamps (phyto-lamps) under various irradiation modes. The studies were conducted with an automated experimental irradiation device. The influence of the spectral compositions of LED radiation on the growth and development of Moskovskii Parnikovyi leaf lettuce is estimated. The studies have shown that LED phyto lamps are more effective in terms of productivity of Moskovskii Parnikovyi leaf lettuce compared to general-purpose LED lamps with equal electrical power consumption.


The study analyzes physicomechanical and thermophysical properties of hard alloys with due regard to their chemical composition; reveals the dependence of both the cutting properties and regularities of carbide tool wear from cutting conditions and thermophysical properties of tool material; describes a significant impact of not only mechanical but, first and foremost, thermophysical properties of instrumental and structural materials on tool wear; and identifies ways to reduce the wear rate of a cutting tool.


This paper proposes a symmetric co-prime parallel array (S-CPPA) configuration for two-dimensional direction of arrival (2-D DOA) estimation. Specifically, the S-CPPA consists of a co-prime pair of symmetric uniform linear subarrays (ULAs). By vectorizing the cross-correlation matrix of the received signals, the sum and difference coarrays perspective is developed to obtain a large number of degrees of freedom (DOFs). Compared with the existing configurations, S-CPPA can achieve a superior performance. Simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed configuration using sparse representation and least square algorithms.


Vegetative regrowth was assessed on stumps of Beilschmiedia tawa (A. Cunn.) Kirk (tawa) which had been felled in two early selective logging trials in the central North Island. Live coppice occurred on 53% of stumps 21 years after logging at Pureora (an average of nearly six shoots per stump) but on only 10% of stumps at Kotoehu 23 years after logging (an average of four shoots per stump). Deer browsing has-been observed on new tawa coppice; thus formerly high animal populations in Rotoehu may have contributed to its scarcity there. Assumed mean height-growth rates of 8-12 cm/year are similar to those of seedlings growing under good light conditions. Vegetative vigour is maintained, even enhanced, in larger (and on average, older) trees, and coppice is more likely to develop when subsidiary stems are left on stumps at logging. The value of post-logging coppice shoots as a potential source of future canopy trees, however, may be limited by the presence of well-developed natural regeneration in most tawa-dominant forests.


The blood statsis,the key pathogenic factor of the stroke,was in the development and progression of the stroke.From the experiment and the clinical studies,it was effective of the removement blood stasis in storke.


The properties of crude oil displaced were analyzed by ASP flooding,polymer flooding and water flooding,respectively.The melting wax experiments indoors was carried out.The results showed that:wax melting rate decreased and complete melt-down time grew with the increasing in well depth at each method of displacement;for the same depth,melting rate of wax sample decreased with the temperature decreasing;the difficulty of melting wax in water bath was as follows:ASP floodingpolymer floodingwater flooding;thermal-wash temperature for ASP flooding and polymer flooding should reach 70℃,and that for water flooding should reach 65℃.


This paper introduces how to use STL to manage event list of discrete event simulation,shows the program of simulation using STL,and discusses the performance of simulation when using different sequence containers of STL.


The present invention discloses a spin welding apparatus, comprising a main housing, a main box body is provided with a rotatable shaft, the upper portion of the main housing is attached to a drive mechanism for driving the spindle rotation drive mechanism is connected via a transmission mechanism and a spindle drive, a hollow shaft a shaft rotatably disposed in the left end of the connector, the connector is provided with a fixed cylinder, a right end of the cylinder rod is rotatably disposed in the spindle, the spindle is connected to the right end of tensioning clamps for clamping a workpiece, the clamp tensioner axially with a through hole, the through hole remote from the tip end of the spindle is provided with a taper, and the through hole is provided with a tensioner screws cooperating therewith, the piston rod screws up is fixedly connected with the cylinder. The present invention is easy to operate, high degree of automation, reduce labor intensity and improve production efficiency, to effectively prevent the defects, waste generation, improved product quality.


Environmental issues affect the daily lives of everyone on Earth, from the air we breathe and the food we eat to the technology we use. They are quite simply central to our survival and the preservation of a world worth living in. This revised and updated edition offers a wide range of information to help us understand the subject, from the Flood to present-day holes in the sky, from the earthworm to Agribiz and the photo-biological reactor, from the vanishing topsoil of the Third World and th starvation diet of much of its population to the conspicuous consumption of the industrialised West, and a liberated Eastern Europe anxious to join in. The book presents a fascinating but disquieting portrait of our beleaguered Earth, and points to the kinds of sustainable alternatives that might save it.


The role of individuals' perceptions and preferences in traveler decision making is a growing and active area of theoretical and empirical research. This study was designed (a) to quantify the relation between perceived system attributes and modal choice, (b) to compare the magnitude of this relation to that of the alternative relations of sociodemographic and network time and cost data and modal choice, and (c) to determine whether the linkage between perceived system attributes and modal choice is dependent on the relations of sociodemographic and network data to model choice. The sample was composed of Los Angeles central business district workers who live within approximately 3.2 km (2 miles) of a freeway that feeds radially downtown. Models were calibrated for three dependent-variable criteria; these were monthly differences in use for (a) automobile versus bus, (b) automobile versus car pool, and (c) bus versus car pool. The multiple coefficients of determinination for modal choice as a function of perceived system attributes were statistically significant at the 0.001 level for all dependent-variable criteria. The coefficients ranged from 0.265 to 0.125, but the analogous coefficients for sociodemographic or planning data ranged from a low of 0.004 to a high of only 0.054. The effects of perceived system attributes on the dependent variables were not diminished by the other types of independent variables. Tests of significance for the individual components of combined models with these types of data showed the perceived-system-attribute data to be significant at beyond the 0.001 level in all cases. However, sociodemographic and network data appear to be influenced by the addition of perceived-system-attribute data to the degree of becoming nonsignificant in some cases. The overall conclusion is that perceived system attributes can be a statistically significant correlate of modal choice over and above any influence by network or sociodemographic variables or both. /Author/


We examine the role biogeographical features played in the evolution of Morafka's desert tortoise (Gopherus morafkai) and test the hypothesis that G. morafkai maintains genetically distinct lineages associated with different Sonoran Desert biomes. Increased knowledge of the past and present distribution of the Sonoran Desert region's biota provides insight into the forces that drive and maintain its biodiversity.


The relation, $x=0.31\left(\frac{n+1}{r}\right)+0.50,$ where $x$ represents the electronegativity of an atom according to Pauling's revised scale, $n$ the number of electrons in its incompletely filled (valence) shells, and $r$ its single bond covalent radius measured in Angstroms, has been found valid for all elements having $x$ values available for comparison, except for Ag, Au, and Cu. This equation is used to extend the electronegativity scale to include a total of fifty-two elements. A chart is constructed to demonstrate the systematic relation of the values to the periodic table. Beginning with the definition of the electronegativity of a neutral atom in a stable molecule as the potential at a distance $r$ (covalent radius) from its nucleus which is caused by the nuclear charge effective at that distance, a simple theoretical justification is offered for the existence of a linear relation between $x$ and $\frac{(n+1)}{r}$. This relation, like Mulliken's, provides an "absolute" scale of electronegativity values.


There are many nutritional compositions and active substances, especially many immunoglobulins in swine blood. The properties, commonly used extraction methods and the application situation of immunoglobulins in swine blood were briefly summarized in this paper.


Objective To bond the combined scoring for trauma in our traumatic center to treat mildly wounded patient concentratedly and to rescue severe patient precedingly, to achieve cure and diffluence quickly,to alter the concentrated treatment of slight,moderate,and severe traumatic patient in the past.Methods To adopt the combined scoring for trauma (including the trauma itself,physiological index,and additional index) in 1120 traumatic patients.The score of 15 to 24 points are severe trauma (812 cases).The score of 25 to 34 points are critical risk trauma (234 cases).The total scores exceeding 35 points are highly critical risk trauma (74 cases).Results The trauma score was highly correlated to the prognosis, and high score usually carried a poor outcome after trauma.Conclusion The basic principles of the trauma score method have many advantages in traumatic hospital,including the comparison of the severity of trauma patient,the accurate diagnosis and prompt treatment and decrease of the mortality and disability of trauma patient.It is advantageous to judge the prognosis and to guide the emergency treatment of traumatic patient.


After Gorbachev served as host in the Kremlin,he proposed a new strategy of speeding up social and economic development in order to enhance economic strength,stabilizing political situation and guarantee the Soviet Union's position on the political and economic stage of the world.This was an important turn in the history of the Soviet Union.However,because the"accelerated strategy"didn't keep a firm hand on the key of irrational economic structure,it ran counter to the regular pattern of productivity development of the Soviet Union and went on the old road of extensive catching-up strategy so that the economic reform was in a fix and ended in failure and was replaced by a humane and democratic socialism.Capitalist private ownership and market economy proposed as the goals of the reform were the component parts of Gorbachev's humane and democratic socialist line and a reflection of basic values of the humane and democratic socialism.Gorbachev's economic system reform broke the high centralized and planned management system,but didn't turn towards market economy;the economic reform went into chaos from"running idle";the economic crisis grew in intensity and directly lead to the Soviet collapse at last.


The simple process including an inexpensive catalyst allows the preparation of various target compounds which may be of biological interest.


How do credit markets respond to imperfect information? The literature1 devoted to this general question concludes that, when lenders are imperfectly informed about the default risk of different borrowers, the equilibrium level of borrowing is reduced and that credit is rationed. Thus, Jaffee and Russell [1976] develop a model in which borrowers default on their loan whenever their repayment obligations exceed their exogenously given costs of default. Default costs differ across individuals and cannot be observed by the lenders. Credit rationing occurs because lenders can induce a lower fraction of defaults by restricting the size of a loan. In Keeton [1979] and in Stiglitz and Weiss [1981], some loan applicants are denied credit because a higher rate of interest on loans has negative adverse selection and incentive effects. These effects ensue because higher interest payments are accepted only by borrowers with high default risk or because they induce borrowers to select relatively risky investment projects. Hence, an excess demand for loans does not raise the interest rate and credit is rationed in equilibrium. Common to all these models is that a single credit contract is being offered to all the applicants for loans. In this article, a model is developed in which different credit contracts are used as a self-selection mechanism to categorize borrowers by differences in default risk. Individuals borrow for production and the amount of wealth an entrepreneur is willing to invest conveys information about the probability that his project will be a success. An investor's loan decision, therefore, indicates his probability of default. Because of this signalling effect, the level of investment may be higher in an equilibrium under


In this paper, we address target positioning in scenarios where the reference nodes, denoted as anchors, are not distributed at the perimeter of the area where the target is, but are concentrated in a very small region and target is outside this region. This scenario may be meaningful in smart building applications, where anchor nodes cannot be distributed and cabled in the monitored area. On the other hand, anchors may be installed on a single hotspot to be placed at the center of the environment of interest. In this case, the target has to be localized outside the polytope identified by the anchors. To this end, we investigate Ultra WideBand (UWB)-based target positioning with Time Difference of Arrival (TDoA) processing at the anchors. A comparative analysis between geometric and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithms is carried out. Our results show accurate angle of arrival estimation accuracy. Moreover, while PSO guarantees a better performance, in terms of average position estimation error, the "dispersion" of position estimation (i.e., the standard deviation of the position error) is higher than in the case of geometric algorithms.


Photoelectric profiles have been obtained for nine lines of neutral and ionized atoms at various distances from the center of the solar disk. Damping constants and turbulence velocities have been computed from these profiles by the Voigt method. In some cases the dependence of the damping constant on cos THETA does not agree with its theoretical rise with depth. This behavior may occur because the wings of a line formed at a given depth are filled in with continuum radiation from the layers above, an interpretation supported by the dependence of the damping constant on cos THETA for lines of atoms and ions with different excitation potentials. The damping constant increases with cos THETA for lines formed in the upper photosphere. For lines forrmd in deep layers it decreases until the depth of formation exceeds the thickness of the layer responsible for blurring the line; the blurring effect then becomes constant and the damping increases with depth because of the rising density. The line blurring has practically no effect on the determination of the turbulence velocity. (auth)


Wastewater from aquiculture sometimes is called fertile water for plants because it contains useful ingredients such as nitrogen and phosphorus. In order to realize zero-discharge of wastewater from aquiculture, a field experiment was done that aquiculture water (fertile water for plants) from fish pond was applied to irrigate paddy field. The results showed that: 1) paddy field has an obvious effect on removal of some ingredients contained in irrigation water from fish pond, especially for NO3--N and TP. When aquiculture water stranded in the paddy field for more than 8 hours, the nutrient in it may be assimilated by paddy field 65.23% for TN, 71.97% for TP, 87.28% for NO3--N, 66.84% for NH4+-N and 51.06% for CODMn. 2) when aquiculture water entered to the field and contacted with soil surface and plants, the various forms of nitrogen adsorbed is more than that of the TP and CODMn, in which the NH4+-N and NO3--N adsorbed reach up to 49.92% and 41.78% respectively; when aquiculture water penetrates the soil, the absorption is 45.51% for TP, 35.63% for CODMn and 37.36% for NO3--N. 3) using fertile water from fish pond to irrigate paddy field, an output of rice may get to more than 9000 kg/hm2 under 80% of the conventional fertilizer dosage which means fertilizer-saving 20% in contrast to the local conventional fertilizer use, and get to 7950 kg/hm2 without fertilizer that undoubtedly is the most economical and friendly to environment.


ABSTRACT Thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) is a typical brittle, heterogeneous, multilayer structure material. The heat-loading effect during service will lead to premature peeling failure of the coating. The main failure modes are cracking and interface spalling failure of ceramic coating. The failure of the TBCs is mainly caused by the initiation, propagation and connection of microcracks. In this study, acoustic emission technique (AE) combined with microscopic morphology are used to study the failure process of TBCs under tensile load, and fast Fourier transform (FFT) and wavelet transform are used to identify the crack damage mode of TBCs. The results show that the tensile failure process of the TBCs is that the crack firstly sprouts on the surface of the ceramic coating and then spreads to the interface of the ceramic coating/bond coating. After reaching the interface, the crack will grow and propagate along with the interface, eventually leading to ceramic coating is peeled off; The failure process of the TBCs is divided into four steps. Meanwhile, the spectrum analysis shows that the frequency component of the substrate is around .020 MHz, the frequency component of the surface crack is .20–.25 MHz, and the interface crack is .15–.20 MHz.


In one case of a traumatic pancreatic fistula the author was convinced that the body could tolerate the loss of pancreatic juice for 1/2 year without any objective and sub-objective disorders. The hydrochloric acid taken per os increased the pancreatic juice excretion in the patient, and the alkalis decreased it, so that the gland reacted as if it were healthy.


Review of Literature With each generation of students comes a change in educational practices. In 1954, Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka declared the unconstitutionality of separate public schools for White and Black students. In 1975, the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) granted students with disabilities equal opportunities for free public education. In 2001, the No Child Left Behind Act sought to raise standards for all students while assessing students' attainment of those standards. Many educational changes have been looked at with admiration as a much-needed change in education. Nevertheless, others have been viewed with less than welcoming sentiments. The latest change in the educational system is the adoption of the Common Core State Standards--also known as CCSS or the Common Core--which has received much ambiguous attention by teachers, administrators, and parents. The Common Core State Standards are a relatively new concept in education. In 2009, a group of state officials, members of the National Governors Association Center for Best Practices and Council of Chief State School Officers, designed "real-world learning goals" that would prepare students for college, career, and beyond (CCSSC, 2015). States began reviewing the standards in 2011, and in 2013, 45 states had adopted the Common Core standards. Since that time, 2 states have withdrawn their support. Porter, McMaken, Hwang, and Yang (2011) assert that having this common curriculum across states would allow for consistent expectations, focus, efficiency, and computerized assessments. However, in their comprehensive analysis of the Common Core standards at their implementation in 2010, they report a shift in "cognitive demands" on students. The researchers analyzed the data through Surveys of Enacted Curriculum (SEC), "a two-dimensional framework defining content at the intersections of topics and cognitive demands" (Porter et al., 2011, p. 104). They also note that while the Common Core math standards are "somewhat more focused," the same cannot be said for the English language arts and reading standards; and the Common Core standards are different from what many teachers report they are currently teaching. Some state standards are more focused than the Common Core standards while others are less focused. Despite these findings, 43 states are still involved with Common Core and push to assess students based on its standards. While ACT (2012) points out factors that have helped some schools succeed with Common Core (e.g., high expectations, formative assessments, strong relationships between students and their teachers, etc.), many parents argue that the standards are taking the focus away from what is important, especially in the early grades (Gallagher, 2013). Two mothers in Indiana, for example, noticed their elementary children's changing math homework. Instead of simple addition and subtraction problems, students were being asked divergent questions, such as "How do you know?" (Gallagher, 2013). Just as parents noticed and complained about the changes in their children's homework, teachers are also noticing but are the ones being required to implement the change. Educational Change Change in any industry is inevitable. In education, change comes more frequently than in most other arenas. In education, veteran teachers are often criticized for being hesitant to implement the latest modification in the education system. However, although teachers are generally the individuals responsible for implementing changes, they are rarely given the opportunity to provide input into the development of such changes (Sikes, 1992). Many teachers fear change, or have an aversion to it, because of its moral implications. Some teachers worry that the newest rendition of the system "will not work or will make matters worse" (Fullan & Hargreaves, 1992, p. 5). However, many teachers realize that these changes are necessary because research constantly shows many first-year college students are unprepared for undergraduate work and need remediation (Cheng, 2012). …


Primary stability, micromotion of the implant fixture, is mostly evaluated by static loading in finite element analysis. However, masticatory offers dynamic occlusal loading and may lead to stress accumulation. This finite element analysis evaluated the effect of dynamic loading on primary stability and stress level under different loading frequency. This study was to assess the magnitudes of micromotion and stress within the three-dimensional mandibular bone structure. Implant model, a cylinder neck, was rebuilt from the manufacturer. The contact condition between implant and bone was non-osseointegration. Static loadings with forces of 100 N in an axial direction, 17 N in a lingual direction, and 25 N in mesio-distal direction were applied on the top of implants. The force components of dynamic loadings were the same as static loadings but cyclically applied with varying chewing frequency (0.5, 1 and 1.67 Hz) to simulate the average masticatory speed. Elastic modulus of cancellous bone was changed to express the different quality of bone. The results reveal that the stiffer the cancellous bone, the less micromotion was observed. The highest compressive stress regions under static and dynamic loading were around the step platform and the interface of cortical and cancellous bone. Micromotion induced by dynamic loading was three times higher than those by static loading. Masticatory in a higher frequency causes larger stress accumulation than that in a lower frequency. Masticatory in slow frequency may induce osseointegration and prevent bone loss.


AIDS presents inevitable ethical and legal dilemmas with regard to individual consent confidentiality and rights. The authors recommend the development of new ethical paradigms which protect the cultural integrity of peoples and communities while advancing scientific progress against HIV/AIDS. In particular there is growing concern to ensure that the peoples and nations of Africa are not exploited but will instead benefit from the development of anti-HIV drug therapies and vaccines. Policymakers governments nongovernmental organizations international donors and researchers must continually assess both the structures and interventions which are put in place to combat AIDS to ensure the soundness of ethical criteria the adequacy of legal guarantees and the applicability of such measures in a given sociocultural context. Informed consent confidentiality and privacy the withholding and controlling of information discrimination and stigmatization the ethics of drug and vaccine distribution and provision infrastructure building and ethical collaborative research are discussed.


The world's greatest rainforest is caught up in a cyclonic mix of beneficial and adverse events. What we do now will make all the difference.


How the remobilization of S and N reserves can meet the needs of seeds of oilseed rape subject to limitation of S fertilization remains largely unclear. Thus, this survey aims to determine the incidence of sulphate restriction [low S (LS)] applied at bolting [growth stage (GS) 32], visible bud (GS 53), and start of pod filling (GS 70) on source–sink relationships for S and N, and on the dynamics of endogenous/exogenous S and N contributing to seed yield and quality. Sulphate restrictions applied at GS 32, GS 53, and GS 70 were annotated LS32, LS53, and LS70. Long-term 34SO42− and 15NO3− labelling was used to explore S and N partitioning at the whole-plant level. In LS53, the sulphur remobilization efficiency (SRE) to seeds increased, but not enough to maintain seed quality. In LS32, an early S remobilization from leaves provided S for root, stem, and pod growth, but the subsequent demand for seed development was not met adequately and the N utilization efficiency (NUtE) was reduced when compared with high S (HS). The highest SRE (65±1.2% of the remobilized S) associated with an efficient foliar S mobilization (with minimal residual S concentrations of 0.1–0.2% dry matter) was observed under LS70 treatment, which did not affect yield components.


The condition of the absence or lack of synergy between the world of work and higher education (broken link) is a phenomenon that inhibits the accelerated progress of the nation. As is the case in Indonesia, this phenomenon needs to be responded to immediately with real and appropriate concrete efforts. One of the concrete and massive efforts developed and implemented by the Indonesian government starting at the end of 2020 is the "Kedaireka" Matching Fund program. "Kedaireka" is the latest solution in realizing the convenience of synergizing the contribution of higher education institutions with the commercialization of partners for the advancement of the Indonesian nation, which is in line with the vision of the Indonesian Ministry of Education and Culture's Independent Campus. The "Kedaireka" Matching Fund program is expected to be able to break the chain of disconnection of campus research results that should be developed and produced by industry. The "Kedaireka" program can reconnect campus relations with industry in realizing innovation. "Kedai Reka" can make the world of business and education go hand in hand. For this purpose, the "Kedaireka" platform was developed to bridge the industry's concrete needs and higher education innovation ideas. In addition, "Kedaireka" is also one of the foundations for the creation of freedom to learn – independent campus which creates autonomous, flexible and innovative learning. The Kedaireka Platform is an official platform from the Ministry of Education and Culture in Indonesia to build optimism between the industry which has various problems or needs to meet the higher education capability which has various solutions to these problems. As a contribution to the development of link and match literacy efforts that have been processed through the "Kedai Reka" program, the research problem is stated as follows: How is the implementation of "Kedaireka"?; What are the results and evaluations in the development of innovation in Indonesia?; How is the self-reflection of the implementers of the "Kedaireka" program from case studies at universities contextually?

Keywords: Matching Fund, Kedaireka, Link and Match.


We consider the task of evaluating the spread of influence in large networks in the well-studied independent cascade model. We describe a novel sampling approach that can be used to design scalable algorithms with provable performance guarantees. These algorithms can be implemented in distributed computation frameworks such as MapReduce. We complement these results with a lower bound on the query complexity of influence estimation in this model. We validate the performance of these algorithms through experiments that demonstrate the efficacy of our methods and related heuristics.


In the home hydroponic jaebaegi, the subject innovation in and facilitate the assembly and installation of the hydroponic jaebaegi, to prevent the nutrient solution supplied to the plant is exposed to light, and to prevent that the green algae generated in a planting unit, judge the plant expression the purpose of providing a household hydroponic jaebaegi one so that the yield can increase by as much as possible to automatically adjust the water level along with also to be planted easily without damaging the roots and stems of the plants when planting; Nutrient solution reservoir having an interior space to hold a predetermined amount of nutrient solution and; Is disposed to the upper side of the nutrient solution reservoir and a plurality of the planting area may be plants planted; When installed in the lower tube member to form the as-built the water supply line to the upper central portion of the nutrient solution reservoir, a multiple flow path and at the same time is disposed outside the feed pipe supporting food material parts have a predetermined height, an upper portion of the lower pipe member ingredients were parts of the support and at the same time and at least one intermediate tube member having a water level control means, the top is sealed with the outside has the nutrient solution supplied to the ball on the upper side consists of an upper tubular member having a water level control means, it said in these engaging portions ingredients support means that secure the parts; To supply to pump the nutrient solution to the water supply line is formed at a lower end of the water supply pipe by providing a home hydroponic jaebaegi containing the pumping means is formed of a pump for pumping a nutrient solution in the nutrient solution storage container, and the assembly and installation of the hydroponic jaebaegi easy, without the nutrient solution supplied to the plant being the green algae generated in the food material portion not exposed to light, can be planted by using a seedling culture cup when planting a plant, the expression trial will not damage the roots and stem of the plant to easily ingredients by narrow and can be also installed with a multi-unit planting in the space automatically adjusts the water level, which can be easily hydroponic plants were so yields can increase as much as possible.


Influence of Soil and Structural Properties on the Response of Shallow-founded Structures on Layered Liquefiable Deposits Zana Karimi, Shideh Dashti, and Zach Bullock, University of Colorado, Boulder As the profession moves toward a performance-based approach for the evaluation and mitigation of liquefaction, increasingly the performance of the soil-foundation-structure system needs to be evaluated for a wide range of conditions. The influence of different soil and structural properties as well as Intensity Measures (IMs) need to be evaluated, before the system performance can be predicted in a probabilistic manner. Fully-coupled, 3D, nonlinear finite element analyses were performed to evaluate the integrated response of the soil-foundation-structure system on a layered liquefiable soil. After the numerical results were validated using centrifuge experiments, a parametric study followed to evaluate the influence of soil relative density, structure's height/width ratio, fixed-base fundamental period, and foundation pressure as well as IMs on building's permanent settlement and peak inter-story drift ratio. The results point to the importance of considering building's inertial properties and interaction with soil when evaluating its settlement, rocking, and deflection on liquefiable ground.


Informed by Critical Race Theory and based on a wide range of sources, including official sources, memoirs, and semi-autobiographical fiction, this book examines multiple forms of racial discrimination in Jamaica and how they were talked about and experienced from the end of the First World War until the demise of democratic socialism in the 1980. Case studies on, amongst others, the labour market, education, the family and legal system will demonstrate the extent to which race and colour shaped social relations in the island in the decades preceding and following independence and convey that racial discrimination was a public secret – everybody knew it took place but few dared to openly discuss or criticise it. The book ends with an examination of race and colour in contemporary Jamaica to show that after independence race and colour have lost little of their power and offers suggestions to overcome the silence on race to facilitate equality of opportunity for all.


Laser shock peening (LSP) is a surface treatment which improves the fatigue life of metallic structures by laser‐induced compressive residual stresses. The purpose of this work is the prediction of the measured residual stresses after LSP in sheets consisting of AA2198. Therefore, a finite element model is set‐up. The Johnson‐Cook material model is used to model the strain rate depend material behaviour during plastic deformations. Stress averaging enables the comparison between measured and predicted residual stresses. Residual stress measurements are performed using the incremental hole drilling method. The initially unknown pressure pulse is identified for AA2198‐T3 and validated with AA2198‐T8. (© 2017 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


Abstract The social and genetic mating systems of species can differ. This discrepancy occurs in many birds; however, only 2 studies have examined this issue for shrews, and both were conducted on species that live in temperate regions. We provide the 1st spatial and genetic data to reveal the mating system of the Asian lesser white-toothed shrew (Crocidura shantungensis) in a subtropical region. We tested the hypothesis that the mating system of shrews in the subfamily Crocidurinae is monogamous in subtropical or tropical regions with seasonal climate and resource availability. We used capture–mark–recapture methods to assess spatial organization of shrews during the reproductive season in 2006, and applied 8 microsatellite primers to perform parentage analyses and examine multiple paternity within litters. Males had larger home ranges than females, and the home ranges of resident females, but not males, overlapped with more opposite-sex than same-sex individuals. This spatial structure suggested a polygynous social mating system. Molecular analyses demonstrated that both females and males mated with multiple individuals, and the frequency of multiple paternity was 28%, which supported a promiscuous genetic mating system. Our results rejected the hypothesis that the mating system of C. shantungensis is monogamy in subtropical northern Taiwan.


In this paper, the related research and analysis are made on the finite-time tracking control of hypersonic aircrafts. Two finite-time anti-saturation integral sliding mode controllers are designed with the consideration of external disturbances, coupling responses, model parameter uncertainties, and input saturation. Firstly, based on the mean value theorem, the control problem with input saturation constraints is transformed into the one without input constraints, which overcomes the assumption of the input boundedness. Secondly, two adaptive finite-time integral sliding mode controllers are designed: the first controller is finite-time stable, while the second controller is practical finite-time stable which utilizes the adaptive algorithms with low-pass filtering properties to ensure the boundedness of adaptive parameters. Finally, the digital simulation is carried out on different types of signals to further verify the validity and robustness of the proposed finite-time anti-saturation controllers.


The contribution of this paper is to propose, and compute the level crossing rate (LCR), average calm duration (ACD) and average surge duration (ASD) in the context of radar clutter and false alarm analysis. The derived formulas for the LCR, ACD and ASD are then compared to their measured values calculated from experimental radar sea clutter and are shown to be in good agreement. These quantities are useful for false alarm analysis and synthetic clutter validation. In the clutter region, they provide an estimate of the expected number of spikes per second, the mean spike duration and the mean interval between spikes.


This paper concerns the study of Otoliths of Teleostei Fishes, found in the Middle to Upper Miocene-compact blue marls of the sections : Aghios Ioannis and Potamos of the Gavdos Island. Twelve identified species of the Otoliths belong to the following orders : A) Myctophiformes : Diaphus sp. I, Diaphus sp. II, Diaphus cf. problematicus PARR, Diaphus debilis (KOKEN), Diaphus dumerilli (BLEEKER), Ceratoscopelus aff. maderensis (LOWE), Ceratoscopelus maderensis (LOWE), B) Perciformes : Gobius sp. C) Gadiformes : Gadus sp. Most of the studied Otoliths, belonging to juvenile individuals, allow us to accept – combined with the lithology – a marine paleoenvironment, shallow and warm water. The studied Otoliths, in the Mediterranean, give important results on the biogeography and paleogeography.


We find that the overnight returns of Korean exchange-traded index funds (ETFs) are significantly positive, whereas the subsequent intraday returns are negative. These intraday return reversals are caused by relatively higher opening prices than the closing prices. In the Korean ETF market, where institutional investors are dominant participants, the return reversals are not explained by the attention hypothesis as in Berkman et al. [1]. Hence, we investigate whether the disagreement hypothesis can explain return reversals. Under the disagreement situations between positive and negative traders at the open, positive traders can have a positive influence on the ETF prices by increasing their investments. However, negative traders, who give up investments due to limited short selling opportunities in the ETF market, have no effects on the prices. Comparing ETF markets with KOSPI 200 Futures where there are no restrictions on short selling, we find that short selling constraints are significant factors for the return reversals. This implies that disagreement among the investors can cause return reversals even in the markets without noise traders. Using unique Korean market data, we conclude that return reversals cannot be completely explained by the attention hypothesis, and that disagreement among investors is also a significant factor for the return reversals. This study contributes to the existing literature by showing that the attention hypothesis does not explain return reversals in the ETF market completely, and suggesting the disagreement hypothesis as an alternative.


In this paper, we report on an experiment carried out in the context of a translation company. Ten translators, with diverse degrees of experience in translation and machine translation post-editing (MTPE), were assigned the same task, involving translation from scratch, fuzzy-match post-editing, and MTPE. We evaluate the MT output using traditional evaluation metrics such as BLEU and TER, correlate these measures with productivity values and study whether a fuzzy score stands up against them. Our main goal was to evaluate whether fuzzy scores can be used for evaluating MTPE, thus incorporating its familiarity and TM matching analogies to an MTPE workflow. The results of our experiment seem to support this hypothesis.


We report an experimental investigation on the spectral content of the echo radiation emitted by an electron spin system excited by a two-pulse sequence. The measurements are carried out at liquid-helium temperature in a sample of quartz containing a very low concentration of [${\mathrm{AlO}}_{4}$${]}^{0}$ centers, in which instantaneous diffusion mechanism makes the main contribution to the phase relaxation. The experimental spectral shapes reproduce the theoretical ones, as calculated for an ideal system of noninteracting spins. However, the agreement is only qualitative, as the experimental spectral widths are found to be less than expected by a factor that depends on the exciting sequence and amounts up to 50%. On the basis of the observed features, this spectral narrowing effect is tentatively interpreted as a consequence of the phase relaxation induced by the instantaneous diffusion.


The rapid development of genome technology has ushered in a new era of high throughput biology. A new research area has emerged, coined 'Genomics', that investigates the fundamental properties of human genetics and disease biology on a genome-wide scale. To meaningfully analyze these massive datasets, statistical and computational techniques must be applied. DNA microarrays and next-generation DNA sequencing (NGS) facilitate the rapid observation of the entire human genome at an ever decreasing cost. In conjunction with intelligent experimental design, these technologies have led to the discoveries of the cause of many diseases, as well as the identification of various types of genetic variation throughout the entire human genome.
This work describes novel methods and tools that are used to search for the genetic basis of human disease. Here we present a statistical method to improve the power of pooling-based genome-wide association studies (GWAS) by utilizing the correlation structure of the human genome to reduce measurement noise. We also present a method that invalidates the common assumption that the anonymity of participants in GWAS are protected by releasing only aggregate data. Motivated by an application in forensics, this method is able to identify participants in GWAS, as well as identify individual contributions within a DNA mixture. To facilitate the reconstruction of human genomes using NGS technology, we present a new short-read sequence alignment algorithm called BFAST, which rapidly and sensitively identifies common biological differences, including single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), insertions and deletions. This novel DNA sequence comparison algorithm utilizes the two-base encoded data produced by the ABI SOLiD NGS technology to identify DNA variants and correct sequencing error produced by this technology. The two-base encoding scheme used in the ABI SOLiD NGS technology is generalized to encode k adjacent bases, and an algorithm is given to compare such encoded data to a DNA reference. Higher-level encoding schemes can significantly improve variant detection by dramatically reducing the false SNP detection rate and improving the power to detect novel variation. Finally, we discuss a novel algorithm, SRMA, to perform local re-alignment of NGS data to significantly reduce the false-positive detection of DNA variants.


Introduction: Geometric uncertainties in daily patient setup can lead to variations in the planned dose, especially when using highly conformal techniques such as helical Tomotherapy. To account for the potential effect of geometric uncertainty, our clinical practice is to expand critical structures by 3mm expansion into planning risk volumes (PRV). The PRV concept assumes the spatial dose cloud is insensitive to patient positioning. However, no tools currently exist to determine if a Tomotherapy plan is robust to the effects of daily setup variation. We objectively quantified the impact of geometric uncertainties on the 3D doses to critical normal tissues during helical Tomotherapy. Methods: Using a Matlab-based program created and validated by Accuray (Madison, WI), the planned Tomotherapy delivery sinogram recalculated dose on shifted CT datasets. Ten head and neck patients were selected for analysis. To simulate setup uncertainty, the patient anatomy was shifted ±3mm in the longitudinal, lateral and vertical axes. For each potential shift, the recalculated doses to various critical normal tissues were compared to the doses delivered to the PRV in the original plan Results: 18 shifted scenarios created from Tomotherapy plans for three patients with head and neck cancers were analyzed. For all simulated setup errors, the maximum doses to the brainstem, spinal cord, parotids and cochlea were no greater than 0.6Gy of the respective original PRV maximum. Despite 3mm setup shifts, the minimum dose delivered to 95% of the CTVs and PTVs were always within 0.4Gy of the original plan. Conclusions: For head and neck sites treated with Tomotherapy, the use of a 3mm PRV expansion provide a reasonable estimate of the dosimetric effects of 3mm setup uncertainties. Similarly, target coverage appears minimally effected by a 3mm setup uncertainty. Data from a larger number of patients will be presented. Future work will include other anatomical sites.


[1] This paper reports unusual variations in the ionospheric total electron content (TEC) and the critical frequency of the F2 layer (foF2) a few days before the main shock of three major earthquakes (M > 6). Epicenters of these earthquakes are distributed in China. Ionospheric data, recorded by an Indian network of ionosonde and GPS receivers at Delhi (28.6°N, 77.2°E), Bhopal (23.29°N, 77.46°E), and Trivandrum (8.4°N, 76.6°E) are analyzed to find seismoionospheric signatures of three recent major earthquakes in China. The results clearly indicate large enhancements in foF2 and TEC on geomagnetic quiet days, observed mainly at a low-latitude station in Delhi, which is nearest to the earthquake epicenters. The anomalous behavior of foF2 and TEC appeared 1–4 days before the main shock and especially during 1100–1700 LT. However, the ionospheric foF2 and TEC variability at the equatorial station Trivandrum and equatorial anomaly station Bhopal did not show any significant changes, thereby indicating the localized nature of such unusual ionospheric variations. The observed results suggest that the unusual enhancements of ionospheric foF2 and TEC over Delhi a few days before the main shock of each earthquake are most likely due to a seismoionospheric link.


The number of herpetological studies about specific regions of Turkey are very limited compared to general herpetolog- ical studies. In an attempt to help fill this gap, a total of 89 specimens representing 11 reptile species were collected, for the first time, from two different localities in the vicinity of Silifke, and they were evaluated from the taxonomical point of view.


In the Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF/FDM) technology, the multi-material manufacturing additive method is achieved by a single nozzle or multiple nozzles working simultaneously with different materials. However, the adhesion between different materials at the boundary interface in FDM multi-material printing is a limiting factor. These studies are concerned with improving and study the adhesion between two polymers.Due to the numerous applications and possibilities of 3D printed objects, combining different materials has become a subject of interest. PLA is an alternative to the use of petrochemical-based polymers. Thermoplastic Polyurethane is a flexible material that can achieve different characteristics when combined with a rigid filament, such as PLA. To improve the adhesion between PLA and TPU in multi-material FFF/FDM, we propose the comparison of different processes: post-processing with acetone immersion, surface activation during printing with Acetone, surface activation during printing with tetrahydrofuran, post-processing annealing, and connection of printed parts with tetrahydrofuran.Modifying the 3D printing process improved the quality of the adhesive bond between the two different polymers. Activation of the surface with THF is the treatment method recommended by the authors due to the low impact on the deformation/degradation of the object.In the study, adhesion was considered in relation to the circular pattern of surface development. Further analysis should include other surface development patterns and changes in printing parameters, e.g. process temperatures and layer application speed.3D printing with multi-materials, such as PLA biopolymer and thermoplastic polyurethane, allows for the creation of flexible connections. The strengthening of the biopolymer broadens the possibilities of using polylactide. Examples of applications include: automotive (elements, where flexible TPU absorbs vibrations and protects PLA from cracking), medicine (prostheses with flexible elements ensuring mobility in the joints).Multi-material printing is a new trend in 3D printing research, and this research is aimed at promoting the use and expanding the possibilities of using PLA biopolymer.


The current work investigates experimental characteristics of the
 Photovoltaic Thermal system integrated with CuO-Water spiral flow heat
 exchanger and compared with non-cooled PV module. The work describes detailed
 procedure of Nanoparticles (NPs) preparation, SEM characterizations and heat
 extraction characteristics of Nanofluid (NFs) in PVT application. The heat
 exchanger was pasted at the back of polycrystalline PV module to form PVT
 system to examine cooling ability, power generation, thermal-electrical yield
 and overall efficiency at a different volume concentration of CuO NPs at
 steady mass flow rate of 0.08 kg/sec. From the experiments, it was concluded
 that the CuO-Water NFs assisted to lessen surface temperature of PV module by
 extracting heat that enhanced electrical efficiency by an average of 3.53%.
 It was also seen that electrical and thermal performance was improved at
 higher volume concentration and overall efficiency of 30.77% and 36.59 % were
 obtained at 0.01% and 0.03% of volume concentration.


During the last few years, many efforts have been devoted to better understand the mechanical behaviour of Steel Fibre Reinforced Concrete (SFRC) with particular reference to its toughness. As a result, the domain of utilisation of SFRCs is progressively growing also in the field of structural elements. In particular, recent studies have shown that it is possible to efficiently substitute the shear reinforcement by using steel fibres in pavements and in prefabricated roof elements. As a consequence, there is a increasing need to better understand the SFRCs behaviour under environmental actions. In the present work, durability of two types of SFRCs is investigated with particular reference to freeze-thaw resistance with and without de-icing salts, carbonation resistance, chloride and oxygen permeability. Fracture tests to determine the fracture toughness and the post-cracking constitutive law were also performed.


Completely disinfecting the canal system is challenging when all factors are considered. If we are looking at the nano level there are approximately 76,000 dentinal tubules per square millimetre of dentine. Each of which can harbour a colony of bacteria. Then there may be inaccessible anatomy such as lateral canals, apical deltas or fi ns. These are factors that need considering outside of canal curvatures that may or may not be entirely visible in the plane of the radiograph. It is clear that outside of the contact our fi les make with the walls of the root canal there needs to be chemical disinfection to further reduce bacterial load. Irrigants disinfect as well as lubricate instruments and they dissolve the pulp. Sodium hypochlorite has been the mainstay irrigant for decades.


When I set out to read the new complete English translation of Cassiodorus' letters (the quotation is from the preface to Book 1, paragraphs 4–5), I certainly did not expect to be transported to the picket lines of the currently ongoing industrial action of the British University and College Union, and yet the overwhelming administrative workload and the avalanche of tasks that Cassiodorus describes have much in common with the academic pressures many are facing today. Nevertheless, Cassiodorus persevered and published many works, including a collection of no fewer than twelve books of letters, the latter in the middle of the eighteen-year Gothic War (536–54). He did not have to worry about his pension, though, as he was a scion of long line of wealthy and prominent property owners and aristocrats from Calabria and was himself a highly placed magistrate at the court of the Ostrogothic Kingdom of Italy. Cassiodorus was responsible for official state correspondence, and his letters are either written in the name of the Amal kings Theoderic, Amalasuntha, and Athalaric, or are appointments to public office, honorary titles, and legal and administrative decisions. They span thirty years of his career in administration and are a prime source for the political and social history of Italy in the sixth century ad.


This article is attempting to comprehend the effects of Information and Communication Technology in the exercises of Adult and Non-Formal and Education. It diagrams various techniques to confer training by using Information and Communication Technology (ICT) apparatuses, developments, and arising patterns. Simultaneously, this text features the benefits accumulated by the utilization of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) in teaching and learning processes. The effect of Information and Communication Technology on all schooling areas raises difficulties for legislatures, educators and learners. There is a more noteworthy interest for and reception of innovation in training in adult and non-formal education. The realization of the potential of ICTs to improve educational practices is a series of pedagogical and practical challenges. This article considers the issues starting with the basic motivation behind instruction and closes by raising a progression of difficulties that instructive foundations should confront in case they are to effectively coordinate ICT into educating and learning rehearses. The inescapable utilization of ICTs for long-lasting learning just as local area strengthening is a huge pattern in realizing in the current century.


Summary. The archaeomagnetic study of displaced objects allows dating of homogeneous groups of tiles or bricks generally recovered as fragments during archaeological excavations or fieldwalking surveys. Its principle is based on the property of baked clay in acquiring. during cooling after firing. a thermorenianent magnetization (TRM) parallel to the terrestrial magnetic field (TMF) present at the time and place of cooling. In taking together certain hypotheses verified u posteriori on the positions of the objects during firing. nieasurement of the direction of the TRM permits the inclination of the TMF to be obtained, and thus the date of firing through the use of reference curves of secular variation. However, theoretical study of the properties of the magnetic induction field shows that this parallelism may be disturbed by the action of a demagnetizing field. known as the magnetic refraction or shape effect, in the case of materials which are strongly magnetized and of unusually flat shape. Theoretical calculations made for parallelepipeds of various dimensions and susceptibility placed in a uniform magnetic field. allow quantification of the effects of this demagnetizing field and the construction of charts for correcting the effect. Thus. for a parallelepiped of relative dimensions of thickness/ length I / 15 and width/leiigth 1 1 /IS, placed upright perpendicular to the magnetic meridian of an exterior uniform field of 65" inclination. the theoretical difference at the centre of the object between the inclination of the TRM and that of the external field would be t 3" for a susceptibility of 0.2 SI. and + 6" for a susceptibility of 0.4.51. Some examples are given for groups of Roniano-Gallic tiles, so-called Tegulue. As it happens, this material presents very high voluniic susceptibilities which reach and sometimes exceed 0.3 SI. producing important disturbances in the direction of the TRM. Using the values of inclination and deviation measured in this material it is possible to obtain the initial direction of the TMF at the time of firing. The correction model proposed thus allows an