Isingiro Town Council is located within Uganda's diagonal eco-region referred to as the "cattle corridor" and is synonymous with extreme climatic conditions, particularly dry spells, and intermittent floods (Egeru, 2016). Dry spells create a crisis among the highly rain-fed dependent farming Households (HH) in the study area. Some farming practices among HH are believed to contribute to Crop Dry Spell Adaptation (DSA). An exploratory survey was conducted to collect data from 125 crop farmers. The selection of respondents was through purposive and referral sampling methods in this study that were aimed at determining the diversity and extent of implementation of on-farm crop-specific Dry Spell Adaptation Technologies (DSATs) for major crops grown at the HH level. These include Bananas (98.4%), Beans (69.6%), Maize (43.2%) plus Fruits (4.0%) as per results from generated summary tables from Stata 14 analysis. 99.2% of the farmers who can define DSA are aware that some of their farming practices contribute to its attainment. DSATs for bananas include; up-rooting underground corms (75.2%), pruning (72.0%), de-suckering and pruning (70.4%), weeding before seeding (68.8%), mulching (67.2%) and staking with nylon strings or poles (64.0%) among others. DSAT for beans includes; strip/row planting with hoe weeding (68.8%), hoe weeding (68%), and beans-banana inter-cropping (16.8%) among others. strip/row planting with hoe weeding (44.8%), hand weeding (42.4%), and maize-banana inter-cropping (5.6%) among others. DSATs among fruits include; pruning and weeding and mulching each is implemented by 4.8% of the fruit farmers while spraying against flower abortion is done by 4%. planting with manure, watering/irrigation, and using water catchment basins each is implemented by 2.4% of the fruit farming HH among others. Farmers tend to implement diverse DSATs on crops where there they expected more Returns on Investment


Abstract The Flatwoods Salamander (Ambystoma cingulatum) was listed as a federally threatened species because loss and alteration of adult and larval habitats caused population declines. Current management plans for this species must include maintenance of appropriate larval habitat. However, much of the natural history of this species is poorly known. Our objective was to evaluate the diet of A. cingulatum larvae. We examined stomach contents of 122 larvae collected from Florida and South Carolina. We identified and measured invertebrate prey and estimated biomass using length-mass relationships. Crustaceans, mostly isopods (Caecidotea), amphipods (Crangonyx), cyclopoid copepods, and cladocerans (primarily Simocephalus and other daphnids) were the most abundant prey. Isopods and amphipods also dominated stomach content biomass because of their relatively large size. Stomachs of small A. cingulatum larvae had significantly higher numbers and proportions of cladocerans and smaller numbers and proportions of isopods compared to larger larvae (P < 0.05). Smaller larvae also had significantly lower amounts and proportions of isopod biomass in their guts compared to large larvae (P < 0.05). We found Hedruris siredonis, a parasitic nematode, in ∼11% of stomachs examined; this is a new host record for this parasite. Our results indicate that larvae feed primarily on freshwater crustaceans, particularly isopods, copepods, cladocerans, and amphipods. Management activities that adversely impact freshwater crustacean communities in breeding habitats, such as pesticide use or introductions of predatory fish, could adversely impact remaining populations of this salamander.


Today's middle school pupils are fac ing more serious personal, social, and emotional problems than ever be fore. Crabbs (1989) points to such problems as intolerance, poverty, violence and physi cal and sexual abuse; Brough (1990) men tions changes in the family, increased mobility, substance abuse, and decisions about sex. Moreover, according to a recent Gallup Poll, 6 percent of American teen agers say they actually tried to commit sui cide, and 15 percent say they have seriously thought about it ("6% of U.S. Teen-Agers," 1991). And a study, by the National Crime Analysis Project at Northeastern University, found that the arrests of 13and 14year old boys for murder were 9.6 per 100,000 in 1991, an increase of 140 percent since 1985 (Butterfield 1992). Consequently, the critical problems of middle school pupils demand that classroom guidance be made an integral part of the school's guidance program. As Gill and Read (1990, p. 33) emphasize, "Middle level students desperately need guidance and support to help them cope with the changing world and their changing selves."


This paper focuses on qualitative aspects of flnancing, investment and output decisions of flrms. Such dimensions can be modeled econometrically by means of dynamic limited dependent variables models. We develop a partial equilibrium dynamic stochastic programming problem of investment, dividend and flnancing decisions for a typical flrm. We apply techniques involving limited dependent variable models to study the discrete decisions of whether or not flrms pay dividends, use borrowing or issue equity to flnance investment. We use panel data from COMPUSTAT for publicly traded U.S. manufacturing flrms. We study the pattern of transitions over time across various regimes that represent alternative modes of flnance while controlling for individual heterogeneity with a general stochastic structure for unobservables. Our dynamic limited dependent variable models show considerable success in explaining the dynamics of such decisions, with individual characteristics of flrms, which include flrm fundamentals and lagged values of past decisions, exhibiting a strong explanatory impact. The dynamics implied by the estimated models reveal high persistence in flrms' qualitative decisions. Unobserved flrm heterogeneity, which is modelled by means of random efiects, plays a very signiflcant explanatory role.


The Computer Screen Photo-assisted Technique (CSPT) utilizes a computer screen as a light source and a web camera as a detector for optical measurements. This provides a ubiquitous instrumentation for several bioanalytical situations. In the present contribution we first describe CSPT briefly, demonstrate the possibility to make optical fingerprinting of fluorescent color indicators and give a mini-review of our recent demonstration of CSPT based surface plasmon detection. Although we have no results yet specifically aimed at real biosensing, we point out the possibilities to make affinity based biosensing with CSPT.


Catuspatha was the local wisdom that must face with the globalization
era, this era must be faced by the city of Denpasar as part of the island of Bali,
and we knew the island of Bali is a tourist destination in the world. Catus
Patha is the balinese traditional concept that talk about main crossroads is
used as a downtown with some urban element is like : Puri (Palace), Wantilan
(Public Open Space), Square (Green Open Space) and Peken (Markets) The
transformation of rural society to urban society, the kingdom to republic or
local to the global community. In the same time, Catus Patha as local wisdom
maintain the spatial forms and spatial meanings. This study is a reaction to
globalization in the urban design by local interest, by the concept of Catus
Patha with Main Crossroads.
The aim of the research is to reveal the spatial form and meaning in
the main crossroads (Pempatan Agung) with the concept of Catus Patha. After
the spatial form and meaning have been found, next is the application of
spatial form and meaning as design guideline in some case.
The research shows that the spatial form and meaning of Catus Patha
concepts has static and dynamic characteristic. Declared static because there
are some elements, types and values to withstand the demands of
globalizations and declared dynamic because Catus Patha concept
accommodate the demands and global change too.


Intelligence is a concept related to behaviours that are valued in a social and cultural context. Since the establishment of formalised education for Westernised industrial society, education has focused on the development of literacy and numeracy skills and has acknowledged those areas as important in formal education. Intelligence, hence, has been valued in those who are highly literate and numerate. However, a careful analysis of highly creative people in the area of mathematics and science, and recognition of the impact of technology in an Information Age suggests that other behaviours broadly identified as spatial intelligence are significant areas of human capability. Spatial intelligence has been highlighted in recent years though the work of Howard Gardner. However, interpretations of this work have tended to emphasise the role of spatial intelligence in artistic domains and ignored the seminal contribution that spatial intelligence plays in mathematical and scientific domains. The article explores spatial intelligence in the sciences from a variety of perspectives, including a neuropsychological perspective, and uses Gardner's developmental trajectory of intelligence to explore how to facilitate the development of spatial intelligence. We challenge practitioners to examine their practices in educational settings and reflect on the extent to which they provide opportunities for children to demonstrate and develop their spatial intelligence.


Objective To investigate the time and risk factors for spontaneous closure of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in preterm infants. Methods One hundred and seventy-seven preterm infants with arterial ductus unclosed were divided into three groups according to their gestational age as 28-31+6 weeks group (n=44),32-34+6 weeks group (n=59) and 35-36+6 weeks group (n=74).PDA was diagnosed by echocardiography in time of ≤12 h,-24 h,-48 h,-72 h,-96 h,-120 h,-144 h and >144 but ≤168 h after birth.The parameters of cardiac function included peak flow rate of aorta valve orifice,peak flow rate of pulmonary artery valve orifice,cardiac output,stroke volume,ejection fraction,the ratio of early (E) and late (A) diastolic velocities of mitral and tricuspid valves.The risk factors of arterial ductus spontaneous closure were determined by Logistic regression analysis.Results The cumulative spontaneous closure rates of preterm infants in three groups were 95.5%,100.0% and 100.0% within 168 h after birth respectively. There were significant differences of cumulative spontaneous closure rate in different time among three groups (x2 =4.23,7.45,12.46,7.14,4.75,6.47,3.89 and 3.89 respectively,P<0.05).After spontaneous closure of PDA during 12-24 h, peak flow rate of pulmonary artery valve orifice increased [(0.69±0.12) cm/s vs (0.65±0.12) cm/s,t=2.37,P=0.02],peak flow rate of aorta valve orifice [(0.65±0.11) cm/s vs (0.69±0.12) cm/s,t=2.51,P=0.02] and ejection fraction [(63.00±8.50) % vs (66.00±8.50) %,t=2.34,P=0.02] decreased.Logistic regression analysis showed that,the risk factors of preterm infants with arterial ductus unclosed within 24 hours after birth were gestation age (OR =1,825,95%CI:1.239-2.689),1 min Apgar score 0-3 (OR=1.946,95%CI:1.572-3.527) and early onset sepsis (OR=3.215,95%CI:1.245-5.463) ; gestation age (OR=3.270,95%CI:1.852-5.774),twins (OR=3.634,95%CI:1.489-8.871),1 min Apgar score 0-3 (OR=3.752,95%CI:2.156-5.436),Ⅲ-Ⅳ stage of respiratory distress syndrome (OR=2.897,95%CI:1.764-5.348) and early onset sepsis (OR=3.172,95%CI:2.134-6.437) were the risk factors of preterm infants with arterial ductus unclosed during 24-48 hours after birth; and gestational age (OR=2.471,95%CI:1.087-5.613),1 min Apgar score 0-3 (OR=2.985,95%CI: 1.469-5.736), Ⅲ-Ⅳ stage of respiratory distress syndrome (OR =3.645,95% CI:1.879-6.282),fluid volume excess (OR =4.135,95%CI:2.146-7.428) and early onset sepsis (OR=3.246,95%CI:2.146-4.526) for those with arterial ductus unclosed during 48-72 hours after birth. Conclusions The spontaneous closure rate of arterial ductus in the newborn infants whose gestational age over 28 weeks was above 90% in the first week after birth.There was no difference of left ventricular pump function between before and after the spontaneous closure.Reducing the incidence of premature birth,twins,severe asphyxia,severe respiratory distress syndrome, fluid excess and early onset sepsis might improve the spontaneous closure of arterial ductus.

Key words:
Ductus arteriosus, patent; Infant, premature; Time; Ventricular function, left


Summary: The Self-Administered Interview© (SAI) serves to elicit eyewitness statements directly after the crime. Witnesses could still experience stress then. Because stress during retrieval produces memory-impairing effects, this study sought to compare the SAI with free recall under stress. An interaction between stress and interview was expected such that the SAI would elicit more comprehensive accounts than free recall in the control, but not in the stress group. One hundred and twenty-seven participants underwent a stress or control task. They witnessed a live staged crime and completed an SAI or a free recall. The SAI elicited a higher number of correct verifiable event details and a higher number of correct and incorrect perpetrator details than free recall. Accuracy rates were unaffected. Unexpectedly, despite causing moderate stress-induced cortisol elevations, stress exposure did not influence memory performance and did not interact with interview type. Hence, the SAI can safely be used, when witnesses are moderately stressed.Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. When witnesses observe a crime, they may experience heightened stress levels. During the investigations, however, the police are likely to approach all witnesses to obtain eyewitness evidence, irrespective of their stress levels. A novel eyewitness interview procedure that is likely to be employed shortly after the incident when witnesses may still be stressed is the recently developed Self-Administered Interview© (Gabbert, Hope, & Fisher, 2009; see Hope, Gabbert, & Fisher, 2011, for a detailed description). To avoid problems of delayed interviewing (e.g., forgetting, Rubin & Wenzel, 1996, or misinformation effects, Gabbert, Memon, Allan, & Wright, 2004), this self-administered booklet is independently completed in writing by the witnesses at the crime scene. Its purpose is to secure an early witness statement when limited police resources do not allow conducting an immediate personal interview. The SAI is based on the cognitive interview (Fisher & Geiselman, 1992) and adopts some of its memory-enhancing techniques, such as mental context reinstatement, the report everything component, and multiple and varied retrieval. The tool hence provides ample retrieval support. The SAI is often compared with written free recall (FR) that provides only little retrieval support. Relative to FR, the SAI elicits a higher number of correct details—which usually amount to a large effect— but also a higher number of incorrect details. Importantly, however, accuracy rates (number of correct details reported divided by all reported details; Meissner, Sporer, & Susa, 2008) do not differ between the SAI and FR (Gabbert et al., 2009; Gawrylowicz, Memon, & Scoboria, 2014; Gawrylowicz, Memon, Scoboria, Hope, & Gabbert, 2014). That accuracy rates are unaffected by the SAI is essential because it shows that information gain does not compromise the amount of correct information that is elicited. In other words, the SAI increases information output relative to FR, while high accuracy rates are maintained. The SAI also pre


Abstract:This study analyzes the philosophical aporia which was exposed during the debates that developed amongst Neo-Confucianists during the Chosŏn era, whose positions were based on the philosophical theory of the Zhu Xi School of Thought. Of these various debates, the present study focuses on the discussion amongst the four scholars on the topic of Sadan ch'ilchŏng (四端七情, four beginnings and seven emotions)—which includes the debate over the notion of insim tosim (人心道心, human mind and moral mind)—and the arguments over Im Sŏngju's theory of yugiron (唯氣論, ki-holistic Cosmology).The debates between Yi Hwang, whose penname was T'oegye, and Ki Taesŭng, whose penname was Kobong, saw Yi Hwang establish a moral theory while Ki Taesŭng argued about the structural facts around the functions of the heart or mind (心, sim). To this end, Yi Hwang introduced a moral argument, or axiological statement, in the form of the theory of sach'il hobal (四七互發論, the mutual arising of the four beginnings and seven emotions), a theory which was in turn based on notions such as those of sadan ibal (四端=理發, the four beginnings arise from principle (li)) and ch'ilchŏng kibal (七情=氣發, the seven emotions arise from material force [ki]). On the other hand, Ki Taesŭng opposed Yi's theory, arguing that Yi's dualistic presentation could lead to further misunderstanding. For his part, Yi Yi, whose pen name was Yulgok, inherited Ki's perspective in his own debates with Sŏng Hon (penname Ugye). In this regard, Yi Yi argued that Yi Hwang's theory of sach'il hobal was wrong in that while the seven emotions (ch'ilchŏng) represented the totality of human emotions, the four beginnings (sadan) were special emotions that nevertheless fell under the category of human emotions. On the other hand, Yi Yi asserted that the human mind (insim) and moral mind (tosim) were in fact interconnected, and could be mutually interchanged with one another (終始, chongsi). However, the theory of the mutual interchange between insim-tosim (終始論, chongsiron) presented as a counter-argument to the theory of the mutual arising of the four beginnings and seven emotions (sach'il hobal) can be likened to a value-based argumentation, or moral argumentation. This was certainly contradictory, and also represented a case of philosophical aporia. This situation originated from the fact that Zhu Xi's Thought was perceived as a thought based on natural law formed in the medieval period without a proper division of values and facts.In his discussions about the role of human nature (inmulsŏng) in Zhu Xi's cosmological theory of li-qi (理氣論, principle and material force),1 Im Sŏngju whose penname was Nongmun, emphasized the fact that Zhu Xi's notion of liyi fenshu (理一分殊, universality and particularity) was representative of the universality and particularity that existed in all the myriad of things found in the cosmos. Im possessed a perspective of cosmology (nature) which regarded the universe as being filled with ki (holistic ki of the cosmos). Im believed that while the ki (material force) of the universe moves naturally by itself, the power of life (生意, saengŭi), or what could also be referred to as the vitality of life (生命性, saengmyŏngsŏng), was involved within ki itself. As a result, Im believed that Zhu Xi's notion of li (理, principle) was in effect unnecessary. Meanwhile, based on the original condition of material force or energy, Im identified ki (material force) as the clearness of original ki (澹一淸虛, tamil ch'ŏnghŏ). However, as ki is not static, what we are in fact seeing is the clearness vs. unclearness of ki (淸濁粹駁, ch'ŏngt'ak subak). Therefore, the original condition of ki can be perceived as little more than a form of philosophical demand. Furthermore, Im argued that i'il punsu (理一分殊, one principle and its manifoldness) was the same as ki'il punsu (氣一分殊, one energy and different shapes), and that as such the possibility could not be ruled out that Zhu Xi's liyi fenshu (理一分殊) was in fact based on the premise of qiyi fenshu (氣一分殊). As the concept of li (理) indicates principle and ki (氣) originally indicates material force, i'il punsu (理一分殊, one principle and its manifoldness), which under the religious-philosophy of the medieval period meant sharing in the divine, is more correctly perceived as li. However, as a close relationship exists between li and ki within the metaphysical category, one cannot fully deny the veracity of the notion of ki'il punsu (氣一分殊, one energy different shapes). This is the philosophical aporia of Zhu Xi's li-qi theory that served as the religious philosophy (metaphysics) of the Medieval Era.


Experimental results and analysis describing the response of manganin gauges oriented parallel and perpendicular to the shock front and embedded in an aluminum‐oxide matrix are presented. Both loading and unloading data to 90 kbar were obtained. An analytic model for piezoresistance response coupled with the electromechanical constants, determined from independent quasistatic experiments, was used to calculate the gauge response. Good agreement was obtained between the experimental results and the analytic model calculations. The analytic model was also used to quantitatively analyze the residual resistance measurements. The results presented here can be used to analyze gauge data during unloading and multiple wave loading.


Original downtown, where used to be a hub or city life has now faced with a problem of losing its economic, social and cultural cohesiveness. It is caused from rapid urbanization and development of suburban area, which has expanded the city place. Additionally, deterioration of its infrastructure has led to a fall, and decrease of appealing factors. In order to solve the problem of original downtown, numerous measures have been conducted such as rejuvenation of the city and the downtown. However, it had a tendency of merely repairing the old infrastructure. This study will attempt to plan a Design Strategy that can handle the deterioration and bring qualitative improvement of urban life, rather than short-term, improvised activation of the original downtown. In order to accomplish the objective, researchers have considered previous studies upon theories regarding rejuvenation of original downtown and design activation. Furthermore, they had interview residents of the subject region and mapped the area for safety map/fear map in order to apprehend the request of habitants. From this analysis, they have concluded a strategy of designing and recovering the original downtown of Song Lim 6th Dong through prevention of crime, the universal, resident participation and sustainable design. First of all, it suggests security of economy and efficiency with safe designing for an enhancement of safety index. Additionally, they propose improvement of the environment such as establishment of 'Nature Guard', Community Art Fare, and increasing affection to the area, in order to enhance regionality. Finally, to reinforce the community, they suggest to utilizing non-operating area, and constructing safe pedestrian walkaway with the universal design, in order to make the residents feel proud and have more affection. If this study can conclude design reactivation strategy through service design by analyzing the deterioration of original downtown of Song Lim 6th Dong, Incheon city, further studies shall present individual and detailed model.


The integration of reusable IP blocks/cores is a common process in system-on-chip design and involves manually comparing/mapping IP specifications against system requirements. The informal nature of specification limits its automatic analysis. Existing techniques fail to utilize the underlying conceptual information embedded in specifications. In this paper, we present a methodology for specification analysis, which involves concept mining of specifications to generate domain ontologies. We employ a semi-supervised expert system with semantic analysis capability to create a collaborative framework for cumulative knowledge acquisition. Our system then uses the generated ontologies to perform component retrieval, drop-in-replacement analysis and design vs. test-plan comparisons. We demonstrate our approach by evaluating several IP specifications.


gives a somewhat more detailed treatment to the works of Akutagawa's later period than to those of the early and middle periods, which are in a literary sense on the whole more important. This seems a little curious if, as he tells us, the book is addressed 'mainly to the reader not familiar with Akutagawa and his milieu'. If he had such a reader in mind, the detailed references in the notes to the work of Japanese critics are somewhat wasted. At the same time, this reviewer, at least, felt that from the point of view of the specialist the book as a whole remained a little sketchy. Professor Yu's hints and passing references suggest that he already has the material for a far more solid study than this one, but has held back. This book well illustrates the dilemma of Japanese literary studies in the West. Must we always allow the requirements of the general reader to set the pace ?


It is known that strong piezoelectric field, of the order of 1 MV/cm, exists in InGaN/GaN heterostructures due to large lattice mismatch [1]. Therefore, photo-generated electrons and holes in InGaN layer are spatially separated to the opposite heteroboundary and screen the internal electric field. This screening effect results in absorption changes around the band edge [2]. Recently, we have reported that moderate intensity continuous-wave (cw) laser beam could induce stationary absorption around 400 nm in an InGaN thin film [3]. Here, we report transmittance modulation around 400 nm by violet cw laser beam for an as-grown and a helium-ion (He) irradiated In0.10Ga0.90N/GaN heterostructures. We also discuss effect of He irradiation on photo-induced absorption effect in the structure. The samples were grown on (0001) c-plane sapphire substrates by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition. The structures are 10 periods of 60-nm-thick In0.10Ga0.90N and 60-nm-thick GaN layers sandwiched by a 1.5-μm-thick GaN and a 30-nm-thick GaN cap layer. We prepared one as-grown sample, named sample (A), and an ion-implanted one, named sample (B), which has He ion density of 1 x 10 cm. Figure 1 shows calculated He ion density profiles for sample (B) by Monte Carlo simulation. The figures in the inset are ion irradiation energies in the unit of keV. The dose at each irradiation energy was decided to realize homogeneous ion density in the whole ~ 1.2-μm-thick InGaN/GaN structure. Figure 2 shows temporal behavior of normalized transmittance changes at 398 nm caused by cw pump laser beam at 405 nm with different intensities at 500 Hz. The pump intensities are shown in the legend in the unit of W/cm. The value of transmittance immediately before pumping was normalized to the unity for each oscilloscope trace. We can see the control beam largely modulates transmittance. The magnitude of the modulation becomes larger as the intensity of control beam is increased. The modulation is ~ 22% at 1 W/cm and reaches 29% at 10 W/cm. We find the absorption changes gradually recover after the pumping is off at t = 1 ms. The relatively slow recovery process is explained as follows: photo-generated electrons and holes are spatially separated to the opposite sides of In0.10Ga0.90N layer due to the piezoelectric field. Some of these carriers are captured at some mid-gap trap levels and keep screening the piezoelectric field until their recombination. This screening results in the


Aim of this study is to analyze internal and external factor that affected in return on assets in Huawei. The analysis required from the annual report from year 2014 to 2018 by our target company. The internal factor consist of ROA, quick ratio, current ratio, debt to income, operational ratio and operational margin while external factor consist of Gross Domestic Product(GDP), inflation, interest rate and exchange rate. The finding show the company performance can be influenced macroeconomic factor in five years. The company needs to apply four efficiency of corporate governance which is accountability, transparency, independent, fairness and sustainability.


Humans have evolved in an environmental and social context that enabled reliable transmissiosn and dispersal of symbionts, accompanied by appropriate nutritional support. However, recent changes in lifestyles, diet and social interactions have altered these metacommunity processes, disrupted the human microbiome and, as a consequence, increased risk of immune-mediated diseases such as allergy and asthma.


he purpose of writing this article is to know the planning of learning with Dick and Carey model. This type of article is a conceptual analysis using qualitative - descriptive method. The conclusion of this article is that the learning planning procedure of learning model Dick and Carey includes several stages: (1) identifying learning needs and writing general learning objectives, (2) doing learning analysis, (3) identifying behavior and initial characteristics of students, (4) (5) developing learning strategies, (7) developing teaching materials, (8) designing and executing formative and summative evaluations. Keyword : Learning Planning, Understanding, Purpose and Procedures.


Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common disease in reproductive age women who had clinical symptoms similar to type 2 diabetes mellitus. The study investigated the relationship between dietary intake or body mass index and serum androgen in patients with PCOS. Sixty‐seven patients aged of 21 to 45 years from Taiwan Adventist Hospital were divided into the non‐PCOS and PCOS groups. Anthropometric parameters, serum glucose, insulin, and reproductive hormones were measured, and dietary intake was assessed by 3‐d dietary record. The results showed that patients with PCOS had significantly higher body weight, body mass index (BMI), waist‐to‐hip ratio (WHR), insulin level and insulin resistance than the non‐PCOS group. Plasma testosterone concentration was positively correlated with dietary carbohydrate intake (r = 0.40, P < 0.01). Free androgen index (FAI) was positively correlated with body weight, BMI and WHR. Therefore, women with PCOS have impaired insulin sensitivity and imbalanced serum androgen with increased BMI. Increased carbohydrate intake is associated with elevated testosterone level, and increased BMI is associated with elevated FAI.


3. notes that air pollution is still the largest environmental health risk in the EU, responsible for nearly 500 000 premature deaths (ten times the toll of road traffic accidents) each year. Air pollution is linked to respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, strokes and cancer. It also has significant adverse effects on the climate, ecosystems, the built environment — including cultural heritage — and the economy;


This article aims to explore the perspective of a judge at the Sharia
Court, ulama (Islamic traditional scholars), the parties litigant, tuhaadat
(indegenious elders), as well as the public related to the implementation of
Article 39 of the Marriage Act which stipulates that divorce can only be
done in the presence of the trial—compared with the increasing number of
divorce that occur outside the court or in other terms connotated as "cerai
liar" (unofficial divorce) or divorce that is not recorded in the court
(unrecorded divorce). According to the state, divorce law must involve
legal institutions and judicial authorites, but for some people—divorce is a
domestic matter—that does not need the state to involve. Reality shows that
unofficial divorce would cause hardship for the parties, especially women
in the terms of civil registration. It is almost certain that in every divorce
imposed by a husband against his wife outside the court, her husband does
not fulfill the obligation for his wife as a result of the divorce, such as
nafkah idda (divorce stipend), nafkah madiyah (judicial stipend), mut'ah
(divorce alms), and the division of shared properties.


Assimilation theory (sometimes referred to as subsumption theory or theory of advance organizers) is one of the cognitivist learning theories developed by an American educational psychologist David Ausubel during the 1960s. Ausubel was a cognitivist inspired by works of Jean Piaget (see: Stage Theory of Cognitive Development) and considered at the time still influential neo-behaviorist theories inadequate. Ausubel is concerned with developing a theory of meaningful verbal reception learning and related methods which will facilitate classroom learning.


We like to think that stereotypes about 'the dance,' 'dancers,' and 'dancing' are not as prevalent as they were in the 19th century, but is this true? Theories of the dance_unlike sport, signing, martial arts, and rituals_are trivialized and vitiated by an astonishing number of outdated ideas. This book aims to clear some of the intellectual underbrush that tends to accumulate in neglected fields of academic study, and it will be especially useful to people who are interested in the anthropology of the dance and human movement.


Research has shown that parenting a child who is exceptional is difficult. Gifted children by statistical definition are exceptional and therefore, the experience of their parents should be an area of potential concern. The existing literature has largely overlooked the psychological wellbeing of the parents of gifted children. It has highlighted the concerns of the parents about their child, however the impact of these concerns on the parents' psychological wellbeing has not been investigated systematically. Further, much of the literature has explored the lives of gifted children and their family using qualitative methods. This makes it difficult to compare the experiences of the children and parents to normative samples and to then draw conclusions as to whether there are measurable differences between the populations In a cross-cultural (Australian and USA) study, parents who considered their child gifted were asked to complete an online survey. The behavioural characteristics of gifted children were examined with a commonly used standardised psychological measure of child behaviours. The parents of the children reported higher levels of a range of problematic behaviours including conduct, emotional difficulties, peer problems, and hyperactivity/inattention, and lower scores on prosocial behaviours. When twice exceptional children were removed from the analysis the results remained largely unchanged. In both countries, parents reported a moderate level of confidence in their child's teacher and a moderate degree of satisfaction with the frequency of contact and nature of their relationship with their child's teacher. Across all aspects of school experience as investigated by this study, the majority of parents were ambivalent. Problematic child behaviours have been shown to be negatively associated with parental psychological wellbeing and results showed this was true in the current sample. The parents completed standardised measures of mental health and parenting stress. They reported significantly higher levels of anxiety and higher scores on parenting stress. Multiple regressions showed that child behaviour was a key predictor for both measures of parental psychological wellbeing. Child conduct problems were strongly associated with parental anxiety. For parenting stress child conduct was again a significant predictor as were peer problems and poor prosocial behaviours. Lower levels of trust in the child's classroom teacher were also a significant predictor of increased parenting stress. Again, removal of parents of twice exceptional children from the analysis had little impact on results. Findings of psychological distress in parents that was associated with their children's problematic behaviour suggest a need to investigate the wellbeing of both parents and children more deeply. The high frequency of behaviour problems in the children suggests a need to broaden the definition of "gifted" so that it encompasses social, emotional, and intellectual characteristics. The findings also raise the question whether standardised psychological measures developed for the full range of intellectual ability are appropriate for the assessment of the social and emotional needs in this population.


Abstract An investigation of the dominant horizontal scale of motion in free convection, using data from GATE, principally from the NOAA acoustic sounder, is described. The horizontal scale was seen to vary from two times the depth of the convection layer at high instabilities to six times the depth at low instabilities. Aircraft data indicate the dominance of similar scales of motion. Small-scale humidity fluctuations were found to contribute approximately 30% of the acoustic echo intensity, with the remainder due to fluctuations of temperature.


The experiment of young Newhall navel orange trees grafted on Poncirus trifoliata(L.) Raf.in pots were conducted to study the effects of various phosphorus supply levels on the acid phosphatase(APase) activity and phosphorus absorption and utilization efficiency and to provide the scientific basis for soil nutrition diagnosis and determination of suitable phosphorus application quantity in Newhall navel orange garden.The results showed that the APase activity of roots,leaves and soil and SAPase activity of roots were negatively correlated to phosphorus supply levels among 7 phosphorus supply treatments range from 5 to 125 mg/kg.The APase activity of roots,leaves and soil and SAPase activity of roots were the highest and phosphorus utilization efficiency of the whole plant,above-ground part and roots was the maximum under 5 mg/kg phosphorus supply level but leaves displayed the symptoms of phosphorus deficiency.The biomass and phosphorus absorption efficiency of the whole plant,above-ground part and roots under 25 mg/kg phosphorus supply level reached the highest but its phosphorus utilization efficiency was lower than that under 5 mg/kg phosphorus supply level.The growth of young Newhall navel orange trees under above 65 mg/kg phosphorus supply level was inhibited obviously and the APase activity of roots,leaves and soil and SAPase activity of roots,as well as phosphorus absorption and utilization efficiency were reduced significantly.In conclusion,25-45 mg/kg phosphorus supply level is beneficial to growth and phosphorus absorption and utilization of young Newhall navel orange trees.


Provenance, the derivation history of data objects, records how, when, and by whom a piece of data was created and modified. Provenance allows users to understand the context of derived data, estimate its quality for use, locate data of interest, and determine datasets affected by erroneous processes. Thus it is playing an important role in scientific experiments and business processes for data quality control, audit trail, and ensuring regulatory compliance.
While most of the previous works only study provenance in a closed and well-controlled environment (e.g., a workflow engine), challenges still exist for holistic provenance management in practical and open environments, where provenance can be distributed, dynamic and diverse. For example, in the Energy Informatics domain, provenance is often collected from large-scale workflows across disciplines and organizations and thus is usually stored in distributed repositories. However, there has been limited research on reconstruction of and query over distributed provenance information. Meanwhile, recurrent and stream processing workflows can generate fine-grained provenance with overwhelming size that can be larger than the original dataset. Provenance storage approaches for efficiently managing such metadata volumes do not have adequate focus in literature. And lastly, the fact that legacy tools without automatic provenance collection functionalities are still widely used leads to the requirement of manual provenance annotation operations, which causes provenance to be incomplete.
In this thesis, by using Energy Informatics as an exemplar domain, we design and develop algorithms and systems for managing provenance in dynamic, distributed and dataflow environments, that are motivated by real world challenges. In particular, we make the following contributions: (1) template-based algorithms that can efficiently store provenance information for dynamic datasets, (2) algorithms for reconstructing and querying provenance graphs from distributed provenance repositories, (3) semantic-based approaches for predicting incomplete provenance. We evaluate our research contributions with use cases from the Energy Informatics domain, including both Smart Oilfield and Smart Grid. The evaluation results demonstrate that our work can achieve efficient and scalable provenance management. As future work, we also discuss key challenges and initial solutions for presenting provenance across different granularities based on its usage context information.


Presence and embodiment are important dimensions of the user experience in immersive virtual environments. These concepts have been extensively studied, particularly in the field of video games, to model, measure and analyze their influences on the user experience. Serious games, although close to video games, have a different purpose (educational, informative or training) and few studies have yet focused on presence and embodiment in this specific context. In this paper, we conduct an in-depth analysis of the studies that have been conducted so far on the feeling of presence and embodiment in serious games. Our literature review addresses 3 research questions: (1) How are the concepts of presence and embodiment studied and measured? (2) By what modalities, factors or variables are the sense of presence and embodiment influenced? (3) What are the impacts of the degree of presence or embodiment on other dimensions of the user experience and on learning? We conclude by proposing avenues of research to explore some aspects that have not yet been fully explored in the field..


In the original publication of this article, the title was printed as "Four Preceramic Points Newly Discovered in Belize: A Comment on Stemp et al. (1996:279–299)." The article has been updated to the correct title. The authors apologize for this error.


The textural properties of food taking different forms, classified on the basis of the eating functions of the elderly, were measured at the Nursing Home S in Kanagawa Prefecture for the elderly. The results demonstrated that the forms of food that require little mastication efforts, and have a texture most easily lumped together within the oral cavity, were food that were soft and high in cohesiveness. These results indicate the importance of measuring the textural parameters of the food served at hospitals and nursing homes for the elderly, for identifying whether or not an individual with deteriorated eating function will be able to take in food in a safe way.  In the case of beverages such as water that are smooth-flowing, the front-end speed of the bolus at the pharynx is high, which means that people with impaired swallowing functions have a high risk of aspiration. To safeguard people with swallowing difficulties, efforts are being made on improving the textural aspects of food, such as adding thickness to liquid food when they are served. Accordingly, the physical properties of semi-liquid foods thickened with the commercial thickening agents, containing xanthan gum, guar gum and processed starch as main ingredients, as well as their relations with muscle activities during swallowing were investigated. The outcome of the study revealed that, in samples ranging from yoghurt-like hardness to tomato ketchup-like hardness, differences exist in the relation between the physical properties of samples and muscle activities, between xanthan gum or starch samples, whose solid-like structures results in long relaxation time, and guar-gum type samples, whose liquid-like structures in short relaxation time. The outcome of this study suggests that safer swallowing can be secured through good understanding of the thickening ingredient contained in the commercial thickening agents.


Washing casing window is widely applied in the old oil etc.In the washing Windows process,downhole drilling of violent vibration seriously affect the quality of construction,to further window is difficult.According to the object of the lateral vibration characteristics,design with ant-vibration well drilling branch oblique and damping,oblique to solve in the process of the downhole drilling window of vibration problem of poor quality of window.


From the pass until now, the industry was affected by technological change and innovation. These paradigms are called industrial revolutions. These revolutions were caused by mechanization (1st industrial revolution), use of electrical energy (2nd industrial revolution) and electronics and automation (3rd industrial revolution). All these industrial revolutions did influence only the production itself, but also the labour market and the educational system as well. Currently, due to the development of digitalization and robotics, we are facing the next industrial revolution, known as the Industry Revolution 4.0. The emerging technologies have huge effect on the education of people. Only qualified and highly educated employees will be able to control these technologies. The skills needed by employers' in the Industry 4.0 have change due to the changes of the technologies. In this paper, we present the non-technical skills those are demanded by employers' in Industry 4.0 based on recent studies by doing meta-analysis technique. In addition, inter-views with five employers have been done to clarify the meta-analysis results. Based on the results, the non-technical skills which are demanded by employers are communication skills especially in English, teamwork skills, critical thinking and problem-solving skills, entrepreneur skills and computer skills. Universities should be exposed their students with much more of interdisciplinary teaching, research, innovation and valuable industrial training to meet current demands of industries.


On a closed hyperbolic Riemann surface S of genus g > 1, we study the existence of a universal constant related to simple closed geodesics. For γ, a simple closed geodesic on S, we give elementary proofs of the following facts: there is always a simply connected disk of radius rγ > 1 2 ln 3 imbedded in S \ γ, and conversly, for any surface S, the infimum of the values rγ (for all simple closed geodesics γ on S) is always equal to 1 2 ln 3. The proofs are based on the relationship between right-angled hyperbolic polygons and simple closed geodesics.


Students' English proficiency and ability to use grammar accurately continues to be a concern in Japan. At Osaka Jogakuin University in spite of a well-organized grammar program, we still would like to help students apply their grammar in practical situations. X-Word grammar and the classroom application of sector analysis may be able to help writing and grammar teachers empower their students by showing them how to practically apply their grammar knowledge. This paper provides some of the basics of X-Word grammar and provides resources for teachers to learn more.


ancient and modem conceptions of it. She concludes the chapter with a reading of the letters on the Troglodytes, bringing new insights to this much-analysed series by showing how the epistolary format—the juxtapositions of the letters, the absence of transitions, the framing of this group of letters, the dramatic situation—affects the letters' meaning. In two of the following chapters, Schaub examines the structure of despotism as depicted in the functioning of the harem. Arguing that Montesquieu is the first political philosopher to shift "the focus of the liberal critique of patriarchy from paternal to conjugal relations" (p. 44), she analyses the letters from and to Usbek's wives to show that Montesquieu carefully differentiates the wives' relations to their husband and the circulation of his and their desire, and thus broadens his critique of virtue's subversion of desire. From this focus on the harem as a system that destroys desire and life itself, Schaub moves logically to review the letters on depopulation where Usbek, blind to the contradictions of his own life and behaviour as master of the harem, assaults all institutional—governmental and religious—interventions in the regulations of conjugal relations. The following chapter refocuses on the power structure of the harem, this time as it is embodied in the eunuchs. The last three chapters analyse alternatives to the conjugal and sexual relations of the harem as suggested by two tales of different dreams and realizations of love, both sent to Usbek at critical moments in the life of his harem, and as represented by Rica's bemused observations of French sexual politics. A brief review cannot do justice to the wealth and subtlety of Schaub's detailed analyses of the novel. Certainly, one of the merits of her focus on sexual politics is to show convincingly how all the seemingly extraneous discussions—the letters on the Troglodytes, Usbek's long ruminations on the economic and cultural consequences of depopulation, the letters detailing the love story of two siblings, the daydreams of an unhappy wife imprisoned in a harem, and the apparently gratuitous letters from Usbek's wives—all present facets of Montesquieu's critique of despotism. Yet, to my mind, the most original and significant aspect of this important study emerges from Schaub's exquisite sensitivity to the literary dimensions of Montesquieu's text. She considers how the temporality and rhythm of the epistolary exchanges shape the political meaning of the text, how the silences, absences, and what is left unsaid in the spaces between the letters are an integral part of the plot, and how the dramatic situation of the letters' position and order in the text must be taken into account when deciphering them. By being attentive to the literary form that Montesquieu chose to investigate sexual politics, Schaub has succeeded in reintegrating the two Montesquieus, the novelist and the political philosopher.


Stress is the nonspecific response of the body to any demand made upon it. The present study was designed to determine antistress activity of petroleum ether (BHP), methanolic (BHM) and aqueous extract (BHA) obtained from Benincasa hispida by anoxia stress tolerance, swimming endurance and immobilisation stress. Benincasa hispida subjected for extraction, standerdisation and preliminary phytochemical examinations.  The parameters like anoxia stress tolerance and swimming endurance time were recorded. The estimation of biochemical marker levels and determination of organs weight were carried out in immobilisation stress model. Pretreatment of BHM and BHA 100 mg/kg showed increase in anoxia stress tolerance time and swimming endurance time. BHM found to be more significant in this regard. Results were compared with diazepam 2 mg/kg. There was significant reduction in biochemical parameters like serum glucose, cholesterol and blood urea nitrogen levels exhibited by BHM. The stress induced increase in liver; adrenal gland weight and decrease in weight of spleen were significantly reversed by the BHM. The findings of the present investigations indicate that the BIM and BIA have significant antistress activity.


Abstract An analysis was made of the protein content of pollen loads produced by the bees in a hive situated in Viana do Bolo (Ourense, north-west Spain), to establish whether or not the relative quantity of protein in the pollen of each plant species influences the preference made by the bee of the flowers that supply pollen to the hive. This analysis was performed on all types of pollen that formed more than 5% of the pollen spectrum. Pollen load samples were collected directly from the hive from March to September. Pollen loads were separated by colour, and their specific homogeneity was confirmed microscopically. The Bradford method has been used for protein extraction and spectrophotometry was used for the determination of protein content. The results show that the different pollen loads have high protein content. Pollen of the plant species that reached relatively higher percentages in the pollen spectrum are also those that have the highest protein content. These were Cytisus scoparius type, uncultivated Poaceae, Quercus robur type, Sanguisorba minor, Salix fragilis and Spergularia rubra type. The pollen of the systematic units, which had pollen loads that could be identified at the level of species, maintained a constant value of protein content independently of the date the samples were obtained. The pollen of the systematic units, which had pollen loads that could be identified at the level of pollen type, has varied in protein content in the analyses performed on samples obtained on different dates. This result is due to the fact that the different species that integrate the pollen type flower on different dates, and thus have a pollenkitt with different characteristics.


Inoculation and inoculation concentration added have strong influence on anaerobic fermentation,especially dry fermentation.Based on abroad and domestic work in recent years,experiments on the effect of different inoculation concentration on total biogas yield during anaerobic fermentation process of Ox manure was carried out in self-manufactured reactor under thermophilic temperature(55℃).Results showed that the more the inoculation concentration added,the more total biogas produced,the total biogas yield reached 11587mL、11916mL、13060mL、14122mL;but the biogas yield rate of unit COD is 0.544L·g-1COD、0.502L·g-1COD、0.488L·g-1COD、0.509L·g-1COD in contrast;the removal rate of TS and VS is 21.32%、24.16%、20.99%、19.57% and 28.99%、31.1%、30.15%、27.64% respectively.


The article presents practical aspects of the psychological study of the problem of autism. The results of the experimental studies conducted on this scientific problem are given. Psychological characteristics of problem solutions are briefly analyzed. The essence of theories on autism syndrome and the interpretation of these theories today have been described, in addition to which the problems with early detection and correction of this syndrome are covered. The article describes the features of autism syndrome and disorders in relationships, as well as clinical signs of the syndrome, diagnostic criteria.


The previous works to deal with initial position offset in iterative learning control are in time domain. This article proposes a frequency domain method to deal with this problem. In the proposed method, the cutoff frequency of the filter phases in along a predefined profile from a high value to a low value on the time axis. The high cutoff frequency at the beginning part of cycle can effectively suppress the influence of initial state error on learning. Experimental results show that this method can handle initial position offsets.


1. What Must and Can Must and Can Mean 2. The Notional Category of Modality 3. Partition and Revision: The Semantics of Counterfactuals 4. Conditionals 5. An Investigation of the Lumps of Thought 6. Facts: Particulars or Information Units? References Index


This paper proposes Băhēm; a symmetric cipher that, when given a random-looking key k, a true random number generator (TRNG) and a cleartext message m to encrypt, no cryptanalysis can degrade its security below min[H(m),H(k)] bits of entropy, even under Grover's algorithm [1] or even if it turned out that P = NP. Aside from the cost of memory access and input/output processing, Băhēm requires only three additions (one per-session, two per-block) and one bitwise exclusive-or operation (XOR) in order to encrypt or decrypt, and is also highly parallelise-able. Despite Băhēm's 1-bit overhead per cleartext bit, its early prototype, Alyal, achieved similar run-time speeds to OpenSSL's ChaCha20 [2]; slightly faster decryption, while slightly slower encryption when the TRNG was prepared in a file in advance. This demonstrates that Băhēm is practicality usable for many real-world application scenarios. Later implementations, with better TRNG optimisations and parallelism, must allow the prototype a faster run-time for both, encryption and decryption.


Pneumatic actuators are widely used in industry and many other applications, whereas low energy efficiency has been recognized as a critical drawback compared with corresponding hydraulic and electrical actuators. The paper presents a new hybrid pneumatic-electrical system aiming at energy efficiency improvement by recovering exhaust air energy from pneumatic actuator outlets to generate electricity. A closed-loop control strategy is proved to be essential to ensure the exhaust energy recovery work properly and to maintain existed actuator operations simultaneously. The whole system mathematical model and the simulation results are presented in the paper. The laboratory test results are also given. The simulation and experimental study demonstrate that the designed system with the proposed control strategy can operate at the relative higher energy efficiency state for the specified working conditions.


We discuss the limitations of the i-vector representation of speech segments in speaker recognition and explain how Joint Factor Analysis (JFA) can serve as an alternative feature extractor in a variety of ways. Building on the work of Zhao and Dong, we implemented a variational Bayes treatment of JFA which accommodates adaptation of universal background models (UBMs) in a natural way. This allows us to experiment with several types of features for speaker recognition: speaker factors and diagonal factors in addition to i-vectors, extracted with and without UBM adaptation in each case. We found that, in text-independent speaker verification experiments on NIST data, extracting i-vectors with UBM adaptation led to a 10% reduction in equal error rates although performance did not improve consistently over the whole DET curve. We achieved a further 10% reduction (with a similar inconsistency) by using speaker factors extracted with UBM adaptation as features. In text-dependent speaker recognition experiments on RSR2015 data, we were able to achieve very good performance using a JFA model with diagonal factors but no speaker factors as a feature extractor. Contrary to standard practice, this JFA model was configured so as to model speakerphrase combinations (rather than speakers) and it was trained on utterances of very short duration (rather than whole recording sessions). We also present a variant of the length normalization trick inspired by uncertainty propagation which leads to substantial gains in performance over the whole DET curve.


As an alternative approach, analyzing hybrid property, the formal method using extended PSL to express specification of mixed-signal circuits is addressed in this paper. With the ability to modeling discrete and continuous dynamic system, Hybrid Automata is adopted in verification of mixed-signal circuits. We extend the PSL to HAPSL (Hybrid Automata Based PSL) with Hybrid Automata, and define EBNF grammar for the syntax of HAPSL. The continuous temporal property and probabilistic property of mixed-signal circuit can be abstracted by HAPSL. Model Checking is proposed as a formal verifying methodology, in which an on-the- fly checking is preformed for the continuous temporal property, and the checking of probabilistic property is based on hypothesis test. We illustrated this method by analyzing two mixed-signal circuits. The specification of circuit that depends on continuous variables and stochastic process is expressed by HAPSL sentences.


Solar energy and its various applications play an important role in reducing dependence on fossil fuels. Solar applications are developing day by day. In this study it was suggested, manufacturing, and inspecting a simple thermal storage wall. The proposed wall area is 0.8281m2. It faces south and consists of a wooden box and a transparent glass cover with a thickness of 3 mm. 18 plastic bottles with a capacity of 2.25 liters filled with water were placed and distributed harmoniously inside the box to increase its thermal capacity. This design was tested for several cases, with insulation increased after sunset, a reflective mirror was used to increase the solar radiation falling on the wall in the morning and the same reflector was used as a cover for the wall at night. The wall was actually tested in the city of Kirkuk for two months, representing the winter from mid-December to mid-February during 2017 and 2018. The results of the practical tests showed that the proposed wall has the capacity to store solar energy in the morning since sunrise. High water temperatures were reached in the wall with the highest water temperature reaching 64.6 ° C, which proves that the chosen location of the device (city of Kirkuk) has a suitable solar radiation for the work of this wall in the winter. Keywords— Solar energy, Trombe wall, thermal storage, water.


The paper studies the transient performance of a 28 V, 14 KW brushless 5-phase DC genertor, with its associated automatic voltage regulator (AVR). The study describes the performance of the generator when subjected to sudden increase and sudden decrQase in load as well as the case when the generator is connected to a dynamic load which may regenerate power into the generator. A mathematical model is developed for the system to enable these studies to be carried out. Modelling of the generator/rectifier and exciter/rectifier arrangements is achieved using tensor methods to define the changing conduction pattern of the diodes in the rectifier bridges owing to the local ocnditions and the changing magnitudes of the armature voltages. The AVR is modelled in terms of the actual configuration, rather than by the more familiar transfer function approach, and the resulting differential equations are integrated together with those for the generator and the exciter. Experimental results are presented in excellent agreement with those from the computer predictions, thereby validating the model and illustrating its use as a valuable tool for engineers involved in the design of control systems containing electrical machines.


Magnetically polarized matter in astrophysical systems may be relevant in some magnetically dominated regions, for instance, in the funnel that is generated in some highly magnetized disk configurations where relativistic jets are thought to spread, or in pulsars where the fluids are subject to very intense magnetic fields. With the aim of dealing with magnetic media in the astrophysical context, we present for the first time the conservative form of the ideal general relativistic magnetohydrodynamics (GRMHD) equations with a non-zero magnetic polarization vector mμ. Then, we follow the Anile method to compute the eigenvalue structure in the case where the magnetic polarization is parallel to the magnetic field, and it is parameterized by the magnetic susceptibility χm. This approximation allows us to describe diamagnetic fluids, for which χm < 0, and paramagnetic fluids, for which χm > 0. The theoretical results were implemented in the CAFE code to study the role of magnetic polarization in several one-dimensional Riemann problems. We found that independent of the initial condition, the first waves that appear in the numerical solutions are faster in diamagnetic materials than in paramagnetic ones. Moreover, the constant states between the waves change notably for different magnetic susceptibilities. All of these effects are more appreciable if the magnetic pressure is much higher than the fluid pressure. Additionally, with the aim of analyzing magnetic media in a strong gravitational field, we carry out for the first time a test of the magnetized Michel accretion of a magnetically polarized fluid. With this test, we found that the numerical solution is effectively maintained over time (t > 4000), and that the global convergence of the code is ≳2 for χm ≲ 0.005 for all magnetic field strengths β we considered. Finally, when χm = 0.008 and β ≥ 10, the global convergence of the code is reduced to a value between the first and second orders.


I recently attended the annual meeting of the American Anthropological Association. This meeting overlapped with two other conventions: the Pennsylvania Bar Association and a national cheerleading competition. As I was re-reading and thinking about the three texts, I thought the curious juxtapositioning of anthropologists, attorneys and young cheerleaders an apt one. In addition to creating some interesting moments in hotel elevators, it highlighted the multiplicity and intersectionality of gender and identity, and what it means to perform gender in multiple contexts. I left a session about critical feminist ethnography and stood in line for a coffee between an AfricanAmerican woman in a sleek power-suit and sharp, black high-heeled shoes and a fiveyear-old White girl in elaborate, glittery makeup and a midriff-baring cheer costume starched to perfection (presumably by an attendant, exhausted-looking mother carrying another younger child, whose 'cheerleader mom' sweatshirt was rain-soaked but worn with pride). In the midst of questions about what we can learn from the margins and intersections of constructed femininity, masculinity and the borderlands between, the three texts I read for this review emphasise the spaces in between: the personal context of enacting hybrid identity, the work of occupying borderlands of 'appropriate feminine identity' in gendered work and ultimately the politics of identity as they play out in the context of globalised experience (Figure 1).


In the method of this invention it is to divide the entire frequency band into a plurality of subcarrier bands, in a radio communication system having a set of sub-channels of the sub-carrier band for setting a predetermined number, the feedback channel quality information, the sub- process of selecting subchannels to meet the process and, the process and the conditions under which one of the aligned sub-channel pre-set to sort in which the sub-channel channel quality is in good standing in order to measure channel quality of the channels and the It characterized in that it comprises the step of feeding back channel quality information of the selected sub-channels.


This text provides a clear and non-threatening introduction to piano, designed to give students an understanding of music in general that they can take with them, whether or not they continue with the piano.


Recently several new developments in the field of reconstruction and artifact reduction have been made at UGCT. The implementation of an iterative reconstruction algorithm, SART, provides new opportunities to improve reconstruction quality. Some of the main advantages of this algorithm are its flexibility and the fact that it "simulates" the imaging process. For elongated samples, a helical trajectory has been implemented in the scanner control software and the reconstruction software, which also solves the so-called cone beam artifacts. For CT scans showing phase artifacts, two different reconstruction algorithms are used at UGCT. The Modified Bronnikov Algorithm (MBA) and Bronnikov-Aided Correction (BAC) are complementary and improve image quality and possibilities for post-processing. In this paper, all these and some other developments in tomographic reconstruction and artifact reduction are discussed.


Virtual reality (VR) is a computer-based simulation technology that enables users to interact while experiencing oneself in a virtual environment.Virtual reality (VR) combines three-dimensional (3D) objects combined with hearing and vision to create effects for users as if they were in a virtual environment. It should be noted here that the use of Virtual Reality is very effective in the field of education Given that a user can observe things in cyberspace from all angles, including above, below, to the left, right, back, and ahead, the 3D coordinate system used in virtual reality (VR) is based on the Cartesian coordinate system.


Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) wafer fabrication is a complex semiconductor manufacturing process. For a wafer manufacturing facility designed for 40,000 wafer starts per month, running 250 different devices with different number of processing steps, equipments, process recipes and many constraints. This results in variability in process time, equipment usage, queue time, operator respond time and others. A five percent improvement goal was set for manufacturing efficiency in the industrial engineering capacity model. This was based on competitor benchmark with less product types running simultaneously. This is needed for the company to stay competitive in this business. The results will be measured based on capacity utilization versus the target. This paper will discuss how to achieve an additional five percent factory utilization.


SUMMARY

We propose a non-linear inversion method for studying the earthquake mechanism by combining the information carried by both S-wave polarizations and P-wave polarities from near-source records. The posterior probability of parameters (strike, dip and slip fault angles) for the given observational data sets is computed by using a Bayesian approach. The conditional probability density function of S polarizations given a model parameter set is defined assuming a Gaussian distribution for the expected errors. The P polarity information is taken into account in the form of a prior probability density function, which has been defined according to Brillinger, Udias & Bolt (1980). The method is based on the estimate by an exhaustive search of the posterior probability of model parameters. This probability is then represented by its projection on plane sections in the model space. This enables one to locate the maximum likelihood solutions, and to get a reliable estimate of the parameter correlation and resolution. Numerical examples and data analysis show that the addition of a few S polarizations to a P polarity data set greatly improves the resolution on the fault parameters.

The proposed method is suitable to study the low-magnitude seismicity in active tectonic and volcanic areas which are monitored by local networks as the use of three-component sensors becomes more systematic.


The split bearing bores of diesel engine are generally bored after tightening bolts to install crankcase and cylinder block. Machining accuracy significantly affects the contact state during sliding bearing operation, thereby reducing the service life of bearing. For effectively suppressing misalignment of interface caused by deformation of bearing bore, this paper presents finite element model and experimental measurement. The theoretical analysis and numerical calculation of interface are carried out in this paper. The finite element models of bearing bore and interface between crankcase and cylinder block are established to quantitatively analyze the deformation characteristic and contact state. The results indicate that the contact pressure of interface increases gradually with increase of the pre-tightening torque. The sliding distance of interface is positively correlated with the contact pressure of interface. Furthermore, the direction and value of the principal stress are calculated by measuring the strain of nodes around the bearing bore. Differential forces on both sides of bearing bore lead to joint surface sliding. Finite element simulation results are compared with experimental results to verify the finite element model.


Securing the sustainability of global water resources will only happen when businesses sit up and take note of their water footprint. Dr Brad Ridoutt explains why.


Reducing the cost of electricity consumption by industrial enterprises is the most important area of increasing the operational efficiency of their activities. The article is devoted to the issue of reducing the cost of paying for the service component of the transport component of purchased electrical energy from industrial enterprises that have technological connection to the electrical networks of electricity producers. The article makes an empirical study of the features of the pricing of payment for the services of the transport component of purchased electrical energy for industrial enterprises connected to the electric grids of electricity producers with the identification of factors influencing the overestimation of the cost of paid electricity, and calculating such overestimations using the example of a typical schedule of electricity consumption of a machinebuilding enterprise for various regions Russia. On the basis of the developed author's indicators (tariff coefficient for electricity transportation by the level of GNP, index of tariff coefficient for electricity transportation, weighted average price for electricity transportation, index of weighted average price for electricity transportation, integral index of efficiency of GNP tariffs) study of the effectiveness of the application of tariffs for the transport of electricity for industrial enterprises connected to the electric networks of electricity producers. Based on the calculated indicators, the article groups the regions into three main groups, with the development of recommendations for managing the cost of purchasing electricity by the component of the cost of the transport component of purchased electricity in each group. As the most optimal option for reducing the cost of electricity transportation, the author proposes the introduction of demand management for electricity consumption, which will reduce the costs of industrial enterprises that pay for the transport component of purchased electricity at unfavorable tariff configurations.


In this study, Fischer-Tropsch paraffin mixture, heavy residue of waste polyethylene pyrolysis, shredded and crashed agricultural polyethylene waste and their combinations were pyrolysed both thermally and catalytically in a two-stage reactor system. During the experimental work, yields and compositions of pyrolysis products were studied as function of feedstock composition and catalyst placement. It was found that the average molecular weight of feedstocks and the presence of ZSM-5 catalyst also have significant effects on the product yields and the compositions. Feedstocks with high concentration of Fischer-Tropsch paraffin and real waste polyethylene resulted in deeper fragmentation in both thermal and thermo-catalytic pyrolysis. Due to the deeper fragmentation, they seemed to be suitable feedstocks for the production of C6–C9 and C10–C14 hydrocarbons. Meanwhile, for production of C15–C21 hydrocarbons, the use of a higher concentration of heavy residue of waste polyethylene pyrolysis in the feedstocks is recommended. From the point of view of liquid hydrocarbon and isomer production, the placement of the catalyst into the 1st reactor proved to be more advantageous. When the catalyst was placed into the 2nd reactor, the product formation shifted to the more volatiles, isomers took part in secondary cracking reactions and aromatics formed in higher concentrations.


AbstractHydrogel nanoparticles were synthesized by graft copolymerization of acrylic acid and N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPA) onto carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) by inverse microemulsion polymerization. Ethylene glycol dimthacrylate (EGDMA) was used as crosslinker. The structure, morphology, and size of the prepared nanogels were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and transmission electron microscope, respectively. The prepared nanogels were used to remove copper and lead ions from aqueous solutions. The effects of pH, time, crosslinker concentrations, temperature, and initial metal ion concentration on the metal ion removal capacity were investigated.


The purpose of this paper is to provide a book review of Giovanni Tizian's literary debut entitled in Italian "Gotica, 'Ndrangheta, mafia e camorra oltrepassano la linea", which was published in Italy in 2011 and in Poland in autumn 2013, after being translated into Polish by Karlina Dyjas-Fizzi. The book has been enthusiastically received by both critics and readers not only on the Italian Peninsula. Polish media have reported that Giovanni Tizian have been hailed a hero in Italy and thousands of citizens, politicians and social activists have expressed their solidarity with him.


This paper provides the theoretical explanation and Monte Carlo experiments of using a modified version of Durbin-Watson ( D W ) statistic to test an 1 ( 1 ) process against I ( d ) alternatives, that is, integrated process of order d, where d is a fractional number. We provide the exact order of magnitude of the modified D W test when the data generating process is an I ( d ) process with d E (0. 1.5). Moreover, the consistency of the modified DW statistic as a unit root test against I ( d ) alternatives with d E ( 0 , l ) U ( 1 , 1.5) is proved in this paper. In addition to the theoretical analysis, Monte Carlo experiments show that the performance of the modified D W statistic reveals that it can be used as a unit root test against I ( d ) alternatives.


The experiment was conducted at the Horticulture Research Farm, Department of Horticulture, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture Technology and Sciences (SHUATS), Prayagraj, during 2016-17 and 2017-18 to evaluate the "Influence of Organic manures and biofertilizers on yield and yield attributes of Indian Basil (Ocimum sanctum L.) cvs Cim-Ayu and Cim-Angana". The experiment was laid out in factorial R.B.D. with 12 treatments, replicated thrice. The treatment consisted of organic manures viz. FYM, Neem cake, Vermicompost and biofertlizers viz. Mycorrhiza, Azotobacter and P.S.B. The observation on yield and yield attributes namely, Fresh herbage yield per plant, Fresh herbage yield per plot, Fresh herbage yield per hectare, Dry herbage yield per plant, Dry herbage yield per plot, Dry herbage yield per hectare were recorded. The highest fresh herbage yield was obtained from T10 (FYM 10 t/ha+P.S.B 10 t/ha+Neem Cake @1.5 t/ha + Azotobacter @ 6.0 kg/ha). The lowest fresh and dry herbage yield was recorded in T5 (Azotobacter @ 6.0 kg/ha+Mycorrhiza @ 6.0 kg/ha) in combination of organic manures and fertilizers, respectively.


The expression of laccase gene in Pichia methanolica was investigated. The cDNA encoding laccase was cloned by RT-PCR using RNA of the white rot fungus Coriolus versicolor as template. The lassase cDNA was inserted into plasmid pMETA and transformed into Pichia methanolica PMAD16. PCR results indicated that the lignin peroxidase gene from Coriolus versicolor has been successfully cloned into Pichia methanolica. The transforments was screened to get high expression strain by shake-flask culture. The extracellular laccase activity in this primary construct was 53U/L.


The effects of the electron energy distribution function (EEDF) on the structure of a dusty plasma sheath are investigated. Here, it is assumed that the electrons obey a Druyvesteyn-type distribution with a parameter $x$ controlling the shape of the EEDF. The Druyvesteyn-like distribution tends to a Maxwellian distribution as $x$ varies from 2 to 1. Using the orbital motion limited theory, the incident electron current on the dust is evaluated for a given $x$. The results of numerical simulations are compared with those of a Maxwellian distribution. It was found that the sheath dynamics depends strongly on the magnitude of $x$. The sheath thickness increases monotonically with increasing $x$. However, the absolute dust charge decreases and, as a result, the accelerating ion drag force is weakened and thus the dust number density is enhanced. For a plasma with a Druyvesteyn-like distribution, the Bohm speed is a function of $x$ and increases with increasing $x$.


Some of the physiological consequences of coronary artery disease are outlined. The management of patients with coronary artery disease is discussed from the point of view of the anaesthetist with emphasis on preoperative assessment and the avoidance of cardiac complications during anaesthesia.


DIAPOSITIVA 2 The research has investigates the programs, services and activities (from now on, PSA) related to the field of the project Menta50+, that is the promotion of mental fitness. This project was founded by the European Union under the Program Longlife Learning Grundtvig and was the result of the collaboration of 7 institutions from Hungary, Italy, UK, Austria, Spain, Greece, Cyprus and Israel. In this work we based on the results of Austria and Spain.


Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN) were synthesized and modified with (3-aminopropyl) triethoxysilane (APTES) using co-condensation (co-MSN) and post-grafting (post-MSN) methods. Both modification methods seem to alter the crystallinity, surface area, and pore volume as compared to the unmodified MSN. The activity of all MSNs was tested for the adsorptive removal of phenol. Co-MSN showed significantly good adsorptivity towards 10 mg L -1 of phenols, followed by post-MSN and MSN. It was found that the highest activity of co-MSN was resulted from the additional higher adsorption energy from the quaternary alkylammonium groups (Si–C–C–C–[N + –(CH 3 ) 3 ]) of cationic template and also from the amine group of the APTES functionalization, which showed more advantages as compared to post-MSN and MSN.


The purpose of this study is to analyse what kind of conceptions secondaryteachers in mathematics have of the equation concept and what kind of experiencesgave rise to their own concept learning. T ...


Recent experimental work of the adsorbent as available to date, it is to operate the suction section of the low temperature the para-xylene shows that of improving the productivity. As a result, the low-temperature separation adsorption-isomerization circuit heat recovery network, and aromatic equipment is disclosed, which further bring a saving in the high performance and hamkkye absorbent, the smaller the adsorbent chamber, the smaller the total heat exchanger area and lower heat exchanger for It enables the shell count.


This study aims to examine the factors that influence the formation of rapport through users' experiential processes of the service in smartphone-based art therapy and to explore the strategies that can be applied within smartphone applications. For the study, the Art therapy application was categorized into four types and the elements for establishing rapport were explored using the Customer Journey Map method. As a result, as the elements of improving service by formatting rapport, the category "Diagnostic and interpretive" involved "Presentation of information" and "The need for a secure inquiry space," the category "Entertainment" included "Guidance for therapeutic introspection" and "Guidance to facilitate creative immersion," the category "Counseling and therapy reservation" encompassed "Providing the therapist's therapeutic philosophy information", "Diversifying content composition," and "Prompt feedback and review management," and the category "Specific therapeutic purpose" involved the concept of "Consent based on information". This study has secured touchpoints for the elements of building rapport between service giver and user in smartphone-based art therapy, and it holds significance as foundational data for developing trustworthy smartphone-based art therapy services.


In this study, layered silicate/aliphatic polyester nanohybrids were synthesized by ring-opening polymerization of e-caprolactone as promoted by the so-called coordination-insertion mechanism. These nanocomposites were formed in presence of montmorillonite surface-modified by ammonium cations bearing hydroxyl group(s), such as bis(2-hydroxyethyl)methyl (hydrogenated tallow alkyl) ammonium. The lactone polymerization could be initiated by all the hydroxyl functions available at the clay surface, after activation into either tin(II) or Al(III) alkoxide active species. Hybrid nanocomposites were accordingly generated through the covalent grafting of every polyester chain onto the filler surface. Surface-grafted polycaprolactone (PCL) chains were untied and isolated by ionic exchange reaction with LiCI in THF solution and molar masses were measured by size exclusion chromatography. The PCL molar masses could be controlled and readily tuned by the content of hydroxyl groups available at the clay surface. Interestingly, initiation reaction by aluminum trialkoxide active species yielded grafted PCL chains characterized by very narrow molecular weight distribution (M w /M n ∼1.2). These polyester-grafted layered silicate nanohybrids displayed complete exfoliation of silicate sheets as shown by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM).


To look back at what Hendrick wrote in the early 1940s is to lift a bell jar on a formative era in American psychoanalytic history, when ego psychology was being established as hegemonic theory. The target paper ("Instinct and the Ego During Infancy," 1942), with its unusual "addenda" capturing discussions by leading theoreticians on the ideas presented, allows one to enter into a world frozen in time, as if attending a psychoanalytic society meeting of an evening during that period. (These discussions are further described, albeit briefly, in a letter to the editors of The Psychoanalytic Quarterly the following year [Hendrick 1943a].) Of course, one can never step into the same river twice, and as I now examine Hendrick's period, it is with full awareness of all that has transpired in the intervening sixty-plus years. What I find is someone very much of his time who is writing on the cusp of a new era. It is fascinating to reread Hendrick's article in 2007, not only for its revelations about psychoanalytic thought during this seminal period of our history, but also for its prescience about what (we now know) unfolded in the following decades that has profoundly influenced our field. In this article (and his later one on


The title compounds were prepared by mixing either aqueous and / or ethanolic solutions of YCl3.6H2O and violuric acid monohydrate in mole ratio (1:2). The prepared crystalline complex belongs to orthorhombic system, with unit cell constants: a = 8.6925(4), b = 17.0421(9), c = 5.5285(3) Å, V = 818.98(7) Å, Z = 2, space group P21 21 2 (half the molecule occupies the asymmetric unit cell). The structure was solved by direct method using SIR 92 software and then refined by full matrix least square using anisotropic temperature factors. The hydrogen atoms were located and their positions and isotropic temperature factors were refined giving R-factor 0.061 and wR 0.134. The thermogravimetric analyses for the prepared complexes were studied under nitrogen gas and the activation energies of decomposition steps were determined.


For patients presenting with rapid atrial fibrillation (AF), clinicians have several pharmacologic and other options for rate control. To compare


A 2-year-old, intact female Maltese dog was present ed to the veterinarian with a history of acute neur ological signs. On neurological examination the dog showed deficit of mental status (apathy and depression), se izures, constant howling, head turn and compulsive circling to the r ight side and falls to the left side. The treatment protocol using prednisolone (for seizures remission) and cyclospor ine (initiated in the chronic stage) did not stop t he progression of the disease and euthanasia was elected 65 days later. N ecropsy revealed mild cerebral asymmetry, and in th e frontal (more affected) parietal and occipital lobes of the right hemisphere there were friable, depressed and yello wish areas characterizing malacia. The left contralateral fron tal lobe was edematous and slightly yellowish. At h istopathology, the lesions were characterized by marked, multifocal to coalescing necrotizing meningoencephalitis, charac terized by focally extensive areas of malacia, especially in the corte x of the frontal and right parietal lobes. Extensio n of lesions to white matter was observed only in the caudal region of th e right frontal lobe. Plasma cells and lymphocytes infiltration was observed around vessels, leptomeninges and in the n europarenchyma. In addition, the non-cavitation are as were also characterized by neuropil vacuolization, neuronal n ecrosis, neuronophagia, astroglyosis with various g emistocytes, endothelial hyperplasia and hypertrophy. The immunohistochemical analysis showed predominance of CD3 positive T lymphocytes in proportion to CD79 positive cells. C linical signs, character and distribution of neurol ogical lesions were compatible with necrotizing meningoencephalitis (NME). This condition, initially reported only in Pugs , currently affects other breeds and attention should be given to the d ifferential diagnosis with other neuropathies in do gs.


In this work, we solve the problem of finding non-intersecting paths between points on a plane with a new approach by borrowing ideas from geometric topology, in particular, from the study of polygonal schema in mathematics. We use a topological transformation on the 2-dimensional planar routing environment that simplifies the routing problem into a problem of connecting points on a circle with straight line segments that do not intersect in the interior of the circle. These points are either the points that need to be connected by non-intersecting paths or special `reference' points that parametrize the topology of the original environment prior to the transformation. When all the necessary points on the circle are fully connected, the transformation is reversed such that the line segments combine to become the non-intersecting paths that connect the start and end points in the original environment. We interpret the transformed environment in which the routing problem is solved as a new data structure where any routing problem can be solved efficiently. We perform experiments and show that the routing time and success rate of the new routing algorithm outperforms the ones for the A*-algorithm.


Objective:To observe Serum-lipid metabolic characteristics of pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM) and normal pregnant women in different pregnancy and to explore the relationship of early and mid-pregnancy Serum-lipid changes with GDM.Methods: Selected normal healthy pregnant women(A group) and pregnant women with GDM(B group)in our hospital outpatient,the two groups were extracted of gestation fasting venous blood in the 14-19 weeks and 28-34 weeks pregnant respectively in determination of plasma total cholesterol(TC),triglyceride(TG),high density lipoprotein(HDL),low density lipoprotein(LDL),apolipoprotein AI(APOAI),apolipoprotein B(of APOB),lipoprotein A(LPA).Results:(1)With the increase of gestational weeks of normal pregnancy group and GDM group,the levels of TC,TG,APOB,LDL were significantly increased(P 0.01),the level of APOAI was obviously higher(P0.05),the level of LPA was obviously higher with the increase of gestational weeks in normal pregnancy group(P0.05).(2) In the 14-19 and 28-34 pregnancy weeks of GDM group,the level of TG was significantly increased compared with the normal pregnancy group at the same gestational age(P0.01),the level of APOB in the GDM group obviously higher than the same period of normal pregnancy group in the 14-19 pregnancy weeks(P0.01).(3) The two groups showed no significant difference of TC,LDL,HDL,APOAI,LPA in different gestational weeks(P 0.05),the HDL level of two groups was not obviously higher with the increase of pregnancy weeks(P0.05).Conclusion: The TG level of pregnant women with GDM is higher than normal pregnant women in different gestational weeks.Compared to normal pregnant women,pregnant women with GDM have more earlier,more obvious disorders of Serum-lipid metabolism in early and mid-pregnancy.During this period,monitoring of the levels of blood glucose and serum-lipid and carrying out a reasonable diet plan in time can reduce the incidence of GDM and protect maternal and infant from hazards as soon as possible.


The 232-Z Plutonium Incinerator Facility was a small, highly alpha-contaminated, building situated between three active buildings located in an operating nuclear complex. Approximately 500 personnel worked within 250 meters (800 ft) of the structure and expectations were that the project would neither impact plant operations nor result in any restrictions when demolition was complete. Precision demolition and tight controls best describe the project. The team used standard open-air demolition techniques to take the facility to slab-on-grade. Several techniques were key to controlling contamination and confining it to the demolition area: spraying fixatives before demolition began; using misting systems, frequently applying fixatives, and using a methodical demolition sequence and debris load-out process. Detailed air modeling was done before demolition to determine necessary facility source-term levels, establish radiological boundaries, and confirm the adequacy of the proposed demolition approach. By only removing the major source term in equipment, HEPA filters, gloveboxes, and the like, and leaving fixed contamination on the walls, ceilings and floors, the project showed considerable savings and reduced worker hazards and exposure. The ability to perform this demolition safely and without the spread of contamination provides confidence that similar operations can be performed successfully. By removing the major source terms, fixing the remaining contamination in the building, and using controlled demolition and contamination control techniques, similar structures can be demolished cost effectively and safely.


The paper addresses the optimal distribution planning and its importance in three different contexts of distribution utilities practice: expansion planning, operation planning and emergency planning. The planning problem is formulated as an optimization problem and the algorithms and software requirements are addressed. For each practice context, the paper reports the benefits of optimal planning in increasing capacity, improving efficiency and reliability, and selecting investments.


The article is a brief report of transformation of the indigenous religion of the autochthonous tribal people of the North East Indian State of Tripura who were inhabited in the state since the primitive age. In course of time thousands of non tribe people from the neighboring districts of the then East Pakistan or today's Bangladesh migrated and settle in Tripura. As a result, this migration made a bold effort on the religious life of the tribes of Tripura and the process of religious transformation had taken part seriously. Within a century that is 20th century the tribes of Tripura religiously converted from indigenous practice to Hinduism or Christianity as a whole. It is unfortunate that scholar's attention has not been focused on this aspect. The present study aims at bring about the real fact by examining authentic sources and materials.


Glazer, Judith. 1986. The Master's Degree: Tradition, Diversity, Innovation. ASHE-ERIC Higher Education Report No. 6. Washington, DC: Association for the Study of Higher Education. Huber, Bettina. 1987. "Graduate Education and the Academic Job Market." The American Sociologist 18:46-51. Mooney, Carolyn J. 1990. "Higher Education Conferees Applaud Camegie Plan to Broaden the Definition of Scholarship." The Chronicle of Higher Education XXXVI (April 11): 1. Short, James F., Jr. Forthcoming. "Sociology." The Encyclopedia of Higher Education, edited by B. R. Clark and G. Neave. Oxford, England: Pergamon Press.


A method for controlling a motor according to an embodiment of the present invention comprises the steps of: sensing an impact applied to a vehicle; determining whether a vehicle collides or not according to the sensed impact; and stopping the motor according to the determined collision state of the vehicle. [Reference numerals] (110) Communication unit;(120) Error signal input unit;(130) Collision signal input unit;(140) Feedback input unit;(150) PWM output unit;(162) Motor speed calculation unit;(164) Error judging unit;(166) Collision signal judging unit;(168) PWM output control unit


We study m-corotational solutions to the Harmonic Map Heat Flow from $\mathbb{R}^2$ to $\mathbb{S}^2$. We first consider maps of zero topological degree, with initial energy below the threshold given by twice the energy of the harmonic map solutions. For $m \geq 2$, we establish the smooth global existence and decay of such solutions via the {\it concentration-compactness} approach of Kenig-Merle, recovering classical results of Struwe by this alternate method. The proof relies on a profile decomposition, and the energy dissipation relation. We then consider maps of degree $m$ and initial energy above the harmonic map threshold energy, but below three times this energy. For $m \geq 4$, we establish the smooth global existence of such solutions, and their decay to a harmonic map (stability), extending results of Gustafson-Nakanishi-Tsai to higher energies. The proof rests on a stability-type argument used to rule out finite-time bubbling.