When a high-speed train enters a tunnel, pressure rise occur due to air compressed as a piston effect in the tunnel and a compression wave generated with the effect is propagated to the tunnel exit as nearly the speed of sound. This compression wave will be distorted and attenuated by heat transfer and viscous effect in tunnel. The compression wave generated by train entry in tunnel have been predicted by using the method of one-dimensional inviscid analysis but its magnitude is lower than results of the field test conducted by various trains, entry speeds and cross-sectional areas of tunnels. This study suggests empirical formula predicting the compression wave by applying the viscous effect of turbulent boundary layer on the train surface when the train enters the tunnel. The empirical formula presented in this study is validated from full scaled field-test for various conditions of train nose shapes, cross-sectional areas of the tunnels and train entering speeds from low speed to high speed.


The electrical grid is transitioning towards a so-called Smart Grid (SG), which facilitates advanced management and control mechanisms through the integration of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) but also introduces novel challenges resulting from cyber-physical interdependencies. Therefore, this transition requires a transformation of the system's structure and control mechanisms to meet the requirements for future SGs. However, examining and thoroughly testing those novel approaches is mandatory to enable a safe and smooth system change. These tests need to be conducted in a safe environment to avoid system failures, which may result in monetary losses and ultimately threaten human lives. Modeling and simulation is an established technique for testing and evaluating critical systems in a safe environment. Therefore, the paper aims at providing an overview of current modeling and simulation tools related to future SGs, by presenting them alongside challenges for simulating ICT, electrical grids and combined cyber-physical approaches.


The drag coefficient of a rigid spherical particle deviates from Stokes law when it is put into a near-critical fluid mixture in the homogeneous phase with the critical composition. The deviation ($\unicode[STIX]{x0394}\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FE}_{d}$) is experimentally shown to depend approximately linearly on the correlation length of the composition fluctuation far from the particle ($\unicode[STIX]{x1D709}_{\infty }$), and is suggested to be caused by the preferential adsorption between one component and the particle surface. In contrast, the dependence was shown to be much steeper in the previous theoretical studies based on the Gaussian free-energy density. In the vicinity of the particle, especially when the adsorption of the preferred component makes the composition strongly off-critical, the correlation length becomes very small as compared with $\unicode[STIX]{x1D709}_{\infty }$. This spatial inhomogeneity, not considered in the previous theoretical studies, can influence the dependence of $\unicode[STIX]{x0394}\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FE}_{d}$ on $\unicode[STIX]{x1D709}_{\infty }$. To examine this possibility, we here apply a renormalized local functional theory, describing the preferential adsorption in terms of the surface field. This theory was previously proposed to explain the interaction of walls immersed in a (near-)critical binary fluid mixture. The free-energy density in this theory, coarse-grained up to the local correlation length, has a very complicated dependence on the order parameter, as compared with the Gaussian free-energy density. Still, a concise expression of the drag coefficient, which was derived in one of the previous theoretical studies, turns out to be valid in the present formulation. We show that, as $\unicode[STIX]{x1D709}_{\infty }$ becomes larger, the dependence of $\unicode[STIX]{x0394}\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FE}_{d}$ on $\unicode[STIX]{x1D709}_{\infty }$ becomes distinctly gradual and close to the linear dependence.


When a disaster occurs, the demand for information and communication technology (ICT) services drastically increases. To meet such demands, a national project was undertaken in Japan to develop the Movable and Deployable ICT Resource Unit (MDRU). One challenge regarding the MDRU is securing operators to work the units in emergency situations. As ICT service users have diverse and frequently changing demands, strong technical skills and practical knowledge are required for the administration of MDRUs. In this paper, we propose a knowledge-based network management system to alleviate the burden on administrators. To deal with the structural changes to network systems that frequently occur with changes in ICT service demand, we introduce modularization techniques into our previous research. The proposed system can be easily reconfigured by join/disjoin modules corresponding to changes in the system configuration of the MDRU. The results of our experiments using the implemented experimental system confirm that the proposed system can be applied to MDRU operation and effectively supports administrators.


A method and apparatus for measuring tensile stress in a fastener already in place. This method capitalizes on the discovery that a longitudinal wave will travel roughly twice as fast as a transverse wave and the times-of-flight of the two waves are affected to different degrees by tensile stress. Longitudinal and transverse ultrasonic signals are applied to a first end of the fastener. The longitudinal and transverse signals are detected at this same first end of the fastener after they are reflected off of the second end of the fastener. The time-of-flight for each of the longitudinal and transverse waves is measured. The tensile stress, T, in the fastener is then determined by applying substantially the following equation: ##EQU1## where v 10 and v 20 =the velocities of the longitudinal and transverse signals, respectively, in a similar fastener not under stress; k=the length of the unstressed portion of the fastener; λ and μ=Lame' constants for the fastener material; and D 1 and D 2 =material constants for the fastener representing a simplified combination of second and third order elastic material constants.


Ve provide a brief overview of the field of slow and fast light. We then describe some of the applications of slow light that have been and are currently being developed.


The wave-equation-datuming (WED) technique is a necessary alternative to the conventional static corrections when the surface-consistent assumption is invalid. Much pervious work had been done on the 2-D cases which demonstrated its applicability potential to be extended to 3-D. In this paper, a "step-by-step" recursive 3-D frequency-space WED scheme is presented to deal with real data. The processing results revealed that 3-D WED is a more reasonable datum-correction method thereby the accuracy of velocity analysis and the imaging quality are improved significantly.


Because of its "low risk and high return" virtue, note financing is increasingly recognized and favored by financial institutions. In addition to energetically developing traditional note financing business, financial institutions have designed new note financing businesses such as repo-typed, outright sale-typed and synchronized outright sale-typed note financing. They have also introduced innovation products such as risk participation and quasi-securitization. These businesses have spread from the inter-bank market to the whole financial market. The rapid development of note financing has influenced the credit total and risk control of financial institutions. This paper analyses the influence of note financing on consolidated credit data of financial institutions from the accounting perspective,, taking the operating flow of note financing into account, then puts forward the corresponding framework of financial statistics to reflect the actuality of note financing comprehensively, objectively and precisely.


Osteocephalus subtilis is distributed in the state of Acre, Brazil. In this note we present a new record of distribution of the species in the Reserva Natural Palmari, in the state of Amazonas, northwest of Brazil. The species was found in two occasions, in shrubs about 1, 2 m height.


Traveling is part of many people leisure activities and an increasing fraction of the economy comes from the tourism. Given a destination, the information about the different attractions, or points of interest (POIs), can be found on many sources. Among these attractions, finding the ones that could be of interest for a specific user, who may have different constraints—such as the available time or budget—represents a challenging task. Travel recommendation systems deal with this type of problems. Despite the vast literature on this topic, most of the solution does not take into account the impact of the suggestions on the level of crowding of POIs. This paper considers the trip planning problem focusing on user balancing among the different POIs. To this aim, we consider the effects of the previous recommendations, as well as estimates based on historical data, while devising a new recommendation. The problem is formulated as a multi-objective optimization problem, and a recommendation engine has been designed and implemented for exploring the solution space in near real-time, through a distributed version of the Simulated Annealing approach. We test our solution using a real dataset of users visiting the POIs of a touristic city, and we show that we are able to provide high quality recommendations, yet maintaining the attractions not overcrowded.


Reviewing a course and preparing for a term exam are very stressful processes for most students. As explained by Csikszentmihalyi, a proper challenge level could be used as an effective motivation for the students to review and prepare a term exam. However, the students face with undue stress and do not think that reviewing a course and preparing for a term exam are interesting in a considerable proportion of cases. To provide a fun experience in reviewing a course and preparing for a term exam is the purpose of this paper. To make a reviewing process fun, this study suggests a gamified reviewing process based on a gamification theory. This study validates the gamified reviewing process using a case study. The proposed reviewing process using a gamification theory could be used as an effective tool which lessens the stress level of the students in education environments.


Influenced by the Western structural linguistics, Chinese linguistics has kept going the way of description without elucidation, which hinders the development of the subject and psychological explanation of rhetorical phenomenon. The book " Rhetorical Psychology" by Wu Liquan has changed the situation through establishing the theory of elucidative rhetoric. It is believed that the book marks the coming transformation of modern Chinese rhetoric.


The difficulty of observing the behaviour of cryptic, nocturnal carnivorous marsupials (Dasyuridae) in the wild has created a reliance on laboratory studies for the analysis of social interactions. Behavioural data on wild Phascogale tapoatafa suggest that previous interpretations may be biased by laboratory confinement. The play of juvenile P. tapoatafa entailed brief, non-contact chases, which apparently provide social practice prior to the solitary, post-dispersal life of adults. Interactions between wild adults very rarely included physical contact. Most encounters (63%) comprised chases, of which only female-female interactions commonly displaced the chased animal more than 3 m. Wild females readily deterred males from approaching closely by vocal threatening, even during the peak of the breeding season, so that forced copulation (as reported in captive dasyurids) was unlikely. Scent-presentation experiments suggested that sternal marking by males was intersexual communication, and may serve, along with intersexual chases, to familiarise females with future mates.


The invention relates to a method for preparing batch annealing low-grade non-oriented electrical steel. The method is characterized in that a low-carbon continuously cast sheet billet is used as a hot rolling raw material, wherein the thickness of a casting blank is 2.5-3.5mm, and the hot rolling raw material comprises the following elements by mass fraction; 0.004-0.008% of C, 0.60-0.80% of Si, 0.23-0.45% of Mn, less than or equal to 0.08% of P, less than or equal to 0.008% of S, less than or equal to 0.007% of N, less than or equal to 0.005% of O, 0.20-0.35% of Al and the balance of iron and unavoidable impurities; and seven-rack hot continuous rolling, five-rack cold continuous rolling and batch annealing are carried out so as to finally obtain the non-oriented electrical steel with excellent magnetic characteristics. The method has the advantages that the steel is low in silicon content and O and N contents, a cold rolling rate of 3.6-36% is adopted, and the low-grade non-oriented electrical steel with excellent magnetic characteristics and low cost is produced after batch annealing; and a final product has the specification of 0.65mm and magnetic characteristics of P15/50 equaling to 6.57-9.82W/Kg and B5000 equaling to 1.69-1.74T.


This article discusses the enhanced oil recovery numerical simulation of the chemical-flooding (such as surfactallts, alcohol, polymers) composed of three-dimensional multicomponent, multiphase and incompressible mixed fluids. The mathematical model can be described as a coupled system of nonlinear partial differential equations with initialboundary value problerns. viom the actual conditions such as the effect of cross interference and the three-dimensional charederistic of large-scale science-engineering computation,this article puts forward a kind of characteristic finite element fractional step schemes and obtain the optimal order error estdriates in L2 norm. Thus we have thoroughly solved the well-known theoretical problem proppsed by a famous scientist, R. E. Ewing.


Medical image techniques are used to examine and determine the well-being of the foetus during pregnancy. Digital image processing (DIP) is essential to extract valuable information embedded in most biomedical signals. Afterwords, intelligent segmentation methods, based on classifier algorithms, must be applied to identify structures and relevant features from previous data. The success of both is essential for helping doctors to identify adverse health conditions from the medical images. To obtain easy and reliable DIP methods for foetus images in real-time, at different gestational ages, aware pre-processing needs to be applied to the images. Thence, some data features are extracted that are meant to be used as input to the segmentation algorithms presented in this work. Due to the high dimension of the problems in question, assemblage of the data is also desired. The segmentation of the images is done by revisiting the K-nn algorithm that is a conventional nonparametric classifier. Besides its simplicity, its power to accomplish high classification results in medical applications has been demonstrated. In this work two versions of this algorithm are presented (i) an enhancement of the standard version by aggregating the data apriori and (ii) an iterative version of the same method where the training set (TS) is not static. The procedure is demonstrated in two experiments, where two images of different technologies were selected: a magnetic resonance image and an ultrasound image, respectively. The results were assessed by comparison with the K-means clustering algorithm, a well-known and robust method for this type of task. Both described versions showed results close to 100% matching with the ones obtained by the validation method, although the iterative version displays much higher reliability in the classification.


In computer science, calculator is electronic device that works as a tool to
perform mathematical calculations. In making the calculations, this device uses
an electric current as the basic process. And a stack is a Last In, First Out (LIFO)
abstract data type and data structure. A stack can have any abstract data type as
an element, but is characterized by only two fundamental operations: push and
pop. The push operation adds an item to the top of the stack, hiding any items
already on the stack, or initializing the stack if it is empty. The pop operation
removes an item from the top of the stack, and returns this value to the caller. A
pop either reveals previously concealed items, or results in an empty stack.
Application of stack in this program is as place for saved of operator
when program make a change infix notation to postfix notation, besides also
depositor of number when program do enumeration. This matter because of in
this program use one stack but having two different variable, that is integer and
character, and by using nature of from stack that is LIFO and two operation of
stack that is push and pop. With stack as data struct, this program can count
mathematics operation which use 4 operator: +, -, *, /, and also can change infix
expression to postfix expression. In certain case also can count mathematics
operation using parenthesis.


For a piston pin a reciprocating-piston engine (6) and a journal (4) to each other a coupling device is connected, the apparatus comprising: a connecting rod (7) having rotatably connected to the crankshaft neck a first end; on a second end of a connecting member (9), rotatably connected to a first pivot point to the connecting rod (7), and a second rotated away from the first rotation point point is rotatably connected to the piston pin (6); and the rotation synchronizing means (10 to 15), for a first point of rotation about the piston pin and the crankshaft rotational movement of the crankshaft rotational motion about the neck synchronization.


The paper describes a conceptual approach to develop an ultra-wideband antenna, which can be adapted to the properties of the ground and to the generator spectrum. The adaptive antenna concept has been verified both numerically and experimentally for a slotted bow-tie antenna. It was shown that by varying the position of the straight slot in the antenna flair it is possible to adapt the antenna to different values of the ground dielectric permittivity. A technical solution for electrical control of the slot position is proposed.


Based on 287 private entrepreneurs from the Chinese small commodity city of Yiwu as an example,with physical activity level scale,international physical activity questionnaire(short curly) for assessment tools,this paper discusses civilian battalion entrepreneur physical activity stage distribution characteristics,physical activity and stage distribution and amount of physical activity correlation.The results showed,civilian battalion entrepreneur phase had distinctive distribution characteristics,and physical activity was low,with different physical activity level of physical activity difference.


Abstract In order to cope with a severe reduction of the raingauge network in the Great Ruaha River basin over the past 30 years, an interpolation scheme using spatial patterns from satellite images as covariate has been evaluated. The regression-based interpolation attempts to combine the advantages of accurate rainfall amounts from raingauge records with the unique spatial pattern information obtained from satellite-based rainfall estimates. A spatial pattern analysis reveals that the simple interpolation of the sparse current raingauge network compares very poorly to the pattern originating from the much denser historic network. In contrast, the rainfall datasets that include patterns from satellite data show good correlation with the historic pattern. The evaluation based on hydrological modelling showed similar and good performance for all rainfall products, including raingauge records, whereas the purely satellite-based product performed poorly.


Objectives:  This study was designed to assess the role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in refining the diagnosis of prenatally suspected fetal renal abnormalities following screening ultrasound.


28 In this study, we used lentiviral-delivered shRNA to generate a clonal line of 3T3-F442A preadipocytes with stable silencing of Hepatocyte Growth Factor (HGF) expression, and 30 examined the long-term consequence of this modification on fat pad development. HGF mRNA 31 expression was reduced 94%, and HGF secretion 79% ( P <0.01), compared to preadipocytes 32 treated with non-targeting shRNA. Fat pads derived from HGF knockdown preadipocytes were 33 significantly smaller ( P <0.01) than control pads beginning at 3 days post injection (0.022±0.003 34 vs. 0.037±0.004 g), and further decreased in size at day 7 (0.015±0.004 vs. 0.037±0.003 g) and 35 day 14 (0.008±0.002 vs. 0.045±0.007 g). Expression of the endothelial cell genes TIE1 and 36 PECAM1 increased over time in control fat pads (1.6±0.4 vs. 11.4±1.7 relative units at day 3 and 37 14 respectively; P <0.05) but not in HGF knockdown fat pads (1.1±0.5 vs. 5.9±2.2 relative units 38 at day 3 and 14). Contiguous vascular structures were observed in control fat pads but were 39 much less developed in HGF knockdown fat pads. Differentiation of preadipocytes to mature 40 adipocytes was significantly attenuated in HGF knockdown fat pads. Fat pads derived from 41 preadipocytes with knockdown of the HGF receptor c-MET were smaller than control pads at 42 day 3 post injection (0.034±0.002 vs. 0.049±0.004 g; P <0.05), and remained the same size 43 through day 14. c-MET knockdown fat pads developed a robust vasculature and preadipocytes differentiated to mature adipocytes. Overall these data suggest that preadipocyte secreted HGF 45 is an important regulator of neovascularization in developing fat pads.


This paper deals with the problem of blind separation of under-determined or over-complete mixtures (i.e. more sources than sensors). At first a global scheme to separate under-determined mixtures is presented. Then a new approach based on time-frequency representations (TFR) is discussed. Finally, some experiments are conducted and some experimental results are given. KEY WORDS ICA, BSS, Time-Frequency domain, over-complete or under-determined mixtures


It introduces background of "new city-ism"and theoretical system,and discusses action of it to development and planning of city through analyzing practical conditions of China.


With the widespread use of aluminum alloys in the aerospace, biomedical and automotive industries, the machining behavior and machining problems of these materials have been of interest in recent years. In dry machining, metals with high plasticity (ductile) such as aluminum have a wide contact area at the tool-chip interface, high friction coefficient and smearing (adhesion) properties and a strong chip build-up (BUE) tendency. In this study, as a solution to this problem of aluminum alloys, the performance of DLC (diamond-like carbon) coating, which has been extensively studied in recent years, has been investigated for Al 7075-T651 alloy. Sintered carbide tool with K10 standard was used in three different coating conditions (uncoated, commercial coated and DLC coated). In the study, the DLC coating process was performed originally. The performance of these tools during the machining of Al 7075-T651 aluminum alloy has been performed by turning tests. While the depth of cut was fixed to 1.5 mm in the turning process, 3 different cutting speeds (300, 400, and 500 m / min) and 3 different feed rates (0.2-0.3 and 0.4 mm / d) were selected. As a result, it was evaluated that DLC coating could be a solution to the smearing problem, but coating parameters should be optimized depending on the grade of the cutting tool and the alloy.


When we think about marketing, a funny and popular anecdote always comes to our mind. The anecdote really provokes thought, even though it is only humor, it goes like this. A marketing Manager dies 'and he is at the eternal gates, where the master has to decide, whether he is to be sent to Hell or Heaven, looking at his tract record, master decides to give him a chance to choose between Heaven and Hell. Taking the Oppourtunity, the marketing manager asks the master to practically look at both the places, before he makes a choice, which seems to be fair enough and the master agrees.


Oxide-coated cathodes have been used as ion sources in a simple mass spectrometer and have been found to emit atomic negative ions of oxygen during their activation at high temperatures (1150-1275° K). A retarding potential at the collector was used to separate the ions emitted by the cathode from the ions formed in the residual gas. Most of the oxygen ions from the cathode arrived at the collector with more energy than they could have obtained from the potential difference across the electron gun, and their number increased as the cathode became more active. The evidence suggests that the ions were formed by dissociation of the oxide coating, then diffused to the surface and were removed by positive ion bombardment. Such a process would leave oxygen vacancies in the oxide which would act as electron donors and increase its electron emission.


Normal 0 21 This article aims to show that modern man is still in search of eternal happiness primarily through conjugality. Despite the changes and new arrangements of marriage, family, the quest remains the same for the same reasons. Individualism has emerged as something healthy, but it often ends up affecting the marital difficulty of managing the expectations and needs of each one, until they can see the complementarity of the relationship. Keywords: happiness, conjugality, marriage.


Vitamin K is involved in bone metabolism, and the clinical use of vitamin K antagonists as an anticoagulant may increase the risk of bone fracture. In our renal unit, approximately 140 uremic patients were hemodialyzed. From these patients, 11 have been under anticoagulant treatment for a long time. For the last 2 years, 5 patients presented with bone fracture, and 4 of them were undergoing oral anticoagulant treatment (acenocoumarol 1 mg daily). The dose was modified according to international normalized ratio (INR) units. The use of vitamin K antagonists as anticoagulants has been considered a cause of bleeding and is related to low bone-mineral density and a high risk of fracture. In our data, the number of patients who received oral anticoagulants (11 patients) and the number of them who presented with bone fracture (4 patients) raises the suspicion that there is an association between anticoagulant treatments and bone fractures.


Inductively heated iron oxides mixed with solid oxidants like flow conditions in fixed-bed reactors. CrO 2 and NiO 2 efficiently oxidize organic substrates under flow conditions in fixed-bed reactors.


Objective To assess the design and implementation of HIV/AIDS health education policy,and to explore methodology of studying HIV/AIDS health education policy in workplaces.Methods Key points of health education policy implemented by the Qinghuangdao Port Group were assessed by referring to 5 major international and domestic policy requirements for HIV/AIDS health education in workplaces Meanwhile,2046 staff members of the Port Group were selected by randomized sampling to investigate their AIDS related attitude,knowledge and behaviors with questionnaires.Results 1) Of the 30 reference key points of health education policy,21(70%)were included into the Group's policy framework of controlling and preventing HIV/AIDS in 2002-2005,and as for the outcome of policy implementation,"fairly good""average"and"poor"accounted for 24%,66% and 10%,respectively.2)Staff took positive attitude to health education activities,policy of permitting HIV carriers/AIDS patients to continue their work and individual HIV counseling.3)Scores of basic knowledge among leaders and workers were 85.9 and 82.7,respectively.Conclusion HIV/AIDS related health education policy implemented by the Qinghuangdao Port Group yields good effects,but remains to be improved for its design in the future.Most of staff members actively support HIV/AIDS health education policy,but the differences between them in their attitude,knowledge and skills should be paid due attention.There are certain misunderstandings in respect with HIV/AIDS related knowledge among the staff,which need to be clarified in the practice of health education.


In this paper, we studied the way that classify whether unknown PE file is malware or not. In the classification problem of malware detection domain, feature extraction and classifier are important. For that purpose, we studied what the feature is good for classifier and the which classifier is good for the selected feature. So, we try to find the good combination of feature and classifier for detecting malware. For it, we did experiments at two step. In step one, we compared the accuracy of features using Opcode only, Win. API only, the one with both. We founded that the feature, Opcode and Win. API, is better than others. In step two, we compared AUC value of classifiers, Bernoulli Naïve Bayes, K-nearest neighbor, Support Vector Machine and Decision Tree. We founded that Decision Tree is better than others.


A probabilistic interpretation of the classical solution of the diffuse reflection problem (DRP) of radiation from a semi-infinite homogeneous scattering-absorbing medium on the language of random events in the simple case of monochromatic and isotropic scattering is constructed. A certain property of the so-called "statistical identity" is specially defined. By using these two circumstances, it is possible to construct a simple symbolic scheme for the direct transformation of the solution mentioned above in the particular case of DRP into solutions to more general cases of DRP, which taking into account the anisotropy and incoherence of scattering, as well as the temporal dependence of the task on the act of absorption. Moreover, some generalization of the primary scheme makes it possible to directly obtain solutions of the DRP also for nonhomogeneous media and for general case of time dependence (on absorption acts and free flights between them) for the quanta diffusion process. At the same time, both the well-known results of the DRP decisions and some new ones were obtained.


Intussusception is an unusual cause of intestinal obstruction especially in adult populations. Malignant lesion accounts for approximately 30– 35% of small bowel intussusception in the adult population. We presented here a rare clinical case of a 66-year-old demented male with small bowel intussusception from intraluminal tumour of unknown origin with concurrent metastatic renal cell carcinoma.


The Qur'an is the Muslim holy book as the main source and guide, consisting of 114 surahs, 30 juz and has 6200 fewer verses in it. The search for relationships or arrangements of meaning between words in the Qur'an takes a long time to find and summarize. Obtained from the dictionary, encyclopedia, or thesaurus of the Al-Qur'an vocabulary, which contains each word entry has links with other words. This final project discusses the interrelations and semantic correspondence between words in the Qur'an, which supports to help find inter-related words in it, using linking with distributions that involve important parts in the word embedding. Measurement of the relevance of the word measurement with semantic similarity which is one of the lessons learned in Natural Language Processing (NLP). Extraordinary similarity measures the proximity of a word vector using cosine similarity. The process of converting words in the form of vectors using the fasttext which is the development of the Word2vec algorithm. The dataset is used for translations of the word Al-Qur'an in English and Indonesian. This entry becomes an input into the system then produces a score that represents the interrelationship between words. Evaluation of system output results is to perform performance calculations using Pearson correlation involving the gold standard.


Background: The term druggable genome was coined in 2002 for the estimate of 10% of the human proteome likely to bind small molecules with lead-like chemical properties and sufficient binding affinity for activity modulation. A number of databases now provide protein target lists based largely on chemistry-to-protein mappings extracted from the literature. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY (GtoPdb) contains expert curated target sets at a high stringency and updated approximately bi-monthly [1]. This work introduces the statistics of GtoPdb proteome coverage and compares this with other established sources. Methods: The first step was to review the statistics of GtoPdb for proteins with ligand interactions and the subset where those interactions have quantitative binding data. We then turned to UniProt where we have submitted cross-references. We also used chemistry cross-reference in UniProt to extract target counts for other sources. The intersects and differences were analysed by Venn diagrams, Gene Ontology distributions and other types of cross-reference counts. Results: GtoPdb includes 1684 human protein targets with ligand interactions with 1489 having quantitative binding data for 6716 ligands. Many of these could provide plausible starting points for drug research and our data show 2089 ligands have clinical data. However, only 313 proteins are the primary targets of 1233 approved drugs, reflecting the validation bottleneck for new targets. We retrieved the following counts for human target counts in other UniProt sources for DrugBank 2376, ChEMBL 3310 and BindingDB 2474. The intersect between all four was only 517. Gene Ontology functional categories, target class content, 3D structure, pathways, disease genes were analysed for the GtoPdb and the consensus sets Conclusion: This work presents a concise data-supported druggable proteome snapshot from GtoPdb and comparative coverage for three other resources. These four show surprisingly divergent curatorial selectivity. However, the consensus is increasing slowly and the union covers nearly 20% of the proteome.


Background: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are the most common hospital-acquired infections. Antibiotic susceptibility pattern of uropathogens varies due to inappropriate use of antibiotics. The current trend of antibiotic susceptibility pattern of uropathogens is necessary for appropriate therapy of UTIs.

Aim and Objectives: The aim of the study was to assess the antibiotic sensitivity pattern of urinary pathogens in a tertiary care hospital.

Materials and Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted from July 2019 to December 2020 at Kodagu Institute of Medical Sciences, Madikeri. Data were collected retrospectively from records of the microbiology department. Antimicrobial susceptibility was done by Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion method on Mueller–Hinton agar using Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines.

Results: Of 718 urine samples, 197 samples were positive for the growth of organisms. Escherichia coli (31.47%) was the most common uropathogen isolated followed by Klebsiella species (17.76%). Most uropathogens show sensitivity to nitrofurantoin (79.65%), amikacin (66.2%), and gentamicin (61.1%). E. coli was more susceptible to nitrofurantoin (92.7%) and shows increased resistance to ceftriaxone (82.1%) and ampicillin (78.7%).

Conclusion: E. coli was the primary pathogen to be isolated from urinary sample. Majority of uropathogens were sensitive to nitrofurantoin and injectable antibiotics such as imipenem, meropenem, and amikacin. Most uropathogens show resistance to ampicillin, penicillin, and nalidixic acid. E. coli was more sensitive for nitrofurantoin, amikacin, and gentamicin.


This chapter describes the emergence, critiques, and some of the key implications of faith development theory as pioneered by James W. Fowler and informed by W. C. Smith, H. Richard Niebuhr, Erik Erikson, Jean Piaget, Lawrence Kohlberg, Robert Selman, Robert Kegan, Carol Gilligan, and others. Faith (differentiated from belief) is described as meaning-making in its most comprehensive dimensions. Constructive-developmental psychology, the role of imagination (content), and the social field all contribute to a multi-faceted understanding of the development of faith across the lifespan. Critiques and expansions of Fowler's work are explored including gender perspectives, the linearity of stages, and the positing of an emerging adult stage. It addresses the need for the formation of mature adult faith as integral to the practice of self-critical community and citizenship and points toward a reassessment of the purposes of education and religion in a changing world.


Purpose: to evaluate the effects of inspiratory muscle training (IMT) associated to anabolic steroid oxandrolone in pulmonary function of patients with neuromuscular diseases. Methods: Fourteen subjects (9 male, 5 female, mean age 36±17 years) with the following diseases: limb-girdle muscular dystrophy (n=9), Becker muscular dystrophy (n=1), facioescapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (n=1) and spinal muscular atrophy (n=3), performed the following assessments: maximal static inspiratory and expiratory pressures (respectively, MIP and MEP), maximal voluntary ventilation in 12 seconds (MVV), respiratory muscle resistance (RMR) and spirometry. The research included four evaluations: baseline, after 30 days of IMT at 40% of baseline MIP, after 30 days of washout and after 30 days of IMT (at 40% of MIP) associated with oxandrolone (0.1 mg/kg/day). Results: MIP and MEP increased after IMT (p<0,05), and after washout they returned to baseline levels. MIP, MEP and RMR were higher after oxandrolone was associated to IMT (p<0,05), but a reduction in dynamic pulmonary volumes (FVC, FEV1 and FEF25-75%) was found in this condition (p<0,05). Conclusion: The association of oxandrolone increased the effect of the IMT, however, although to have occurred fall in some variables analyzed in the spirometry, we do not observe alteration in the ventilatory functional diagnosis, in all the studied patients.


Introduction: Bullying is widely considered as a serious personal, social and educational issue influencing a significant part of the students. The object of the study is to foretell bullying based on thrill-seeking and the atmosphere of the school together with self-concept mediation in students. Methods: The research is conducted through a descriptive methodology while using solidarity schemes and structural equations modeling. The population consisted of Tehran high school second graders in the school year of 2018-19. The sample individuals are a total of 290 students chosen through cluster sampling. The research tools include the Zuckerman's thrill-seeking scale (1992), Ojaghi school atmosphere questionnaire (1998) quoted Saatchi (2010), Rogers' self-concept questionnaire (1977) and Illinois bullying scale (2001). The structural equations modeling has been exercised for data analysis. Results: The results of the statistical test showed that the curve fitting indices are normal. The variable of thrill-seeking influences bullying directly and also indirectly (due to the selfconcept) (p<0.05). Furthermore, the self-concept played a mediatory role in relation between school atmosphere and bullying (p<0.05). Conclusions: The results of the current study verify the necessity of the attention to the thrill-seeking and school atmosphere as the two individual and social variables in predicting bullying behaviors of the students across the schools of the State.


Part One: The Role of Residence Halls in Educating Students. Part Two: Promoting Student Learning in Residence Halls. Part Three: Strengthening Educational Impacts of Residential Life.


The health of the nerve fiber layer can be eval-uated by a combination of assessment tests and analysis of images of the retinal nerve fiber layer. Quantitative measures derived from image rocessing techniques a plied to di itized retinal images can le used for.screening or yongitudind evaluation if ima e features indicative of glaucomatous o tic atrophy can be cgefined. Such automatic measures must ge insensitive to the expected variations in image acquisition and processing when normal clinical protocols are followed. This paper analyzes the otential diagnostic utility of several features derived from xigitized ima es by comparing results from images of several patients tden at different times.


All Buddhists go to the Buddha, Dhamma and Sa?gha as the 'three refuges', but who exactly are the 'the eight types of persons' that are referred to in the standard passage on the nature and qualities of the third refuge? Four of these persons are clearly the stream-enterer, once-returner, non-returner, and Arahat, but who are the others, especially the lowest of them, the one practising for the realization of the stream-entry-fruit? This article aims to develop greater clarity on these eight persons and their relationship to each other, and especially to focus on the first, who comes in the forms of the faith-follower and Dhamma-follower. It aims to get at the original meaning of such terms, and trace how these changed. In particular, it questions the appropriateness of the developed Pali tradition's mapping of him/her as existing only for one moment, immediately prior to stream-entry, and seeks to gauge, from the suttas, at what point in a person's practice they become such a person, and hence a member of the s?vaka-Sa?gha. In the process, the practices of the person practising for stream-entry are explored and the sutta meaning of terms such as ariya, ariya-s?vaka, sekha and sappurisa are also examined.


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Heading overseas on a family vacation can be an exciting experience for children of all ages.

Prior to travel, parents should make sure they are well-equipped to handle the health care needs of children, especially when heading to a developing country. Half of all travelers


The basic concept and the structural characters of bolaamphiphiles are described. The unique structures and properties of the monolayers at the air/water interface and vesicles in solutions formed by the bolaamphiphiles are outlined. The applications of the bolaamphiphiles in catalysis, biomineralization, slow delivery of drug, membrane disruption and nanomaterials are discussed. The potential development of the research on bolaamphiphiles is prospected.


The global increase in incidence and prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with a parallel rise in co-morbid atrial fibrillation (AF). Concurrent presence of both conditions increases clinical complexity and may portend poor outcomes in this population.

 The aim of our study was to assess the impact of prevalent AF on mortality and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with CKD.

 Consecutive patients with CKD (Stages 2 to 5) attending the Nephrology outpatient clinics in our health district between Jan 2007-Dec 2017 were retrospectively evaluated. Detailed appraisal of patient demographics, anthropometrics, clinical co-morbidities (including aetiology, stage and management of CKD) and pharmacotherapeutics was undertaken. These patients were followed for up to ten years for the composite outcomes of all-cause death and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). We excluded patients with incomplete clinical data and patients with concomitant medical co-morbidity limiting lifespan to <6 months.

 2008 patients (63.61±17.17 yrs; 55.7% men) were assessed. The mean eGFR was 37.53±21.88 mL/min/m2. Patients with prevalent AF (n=440, 22%) were older (p<0.01), with lower eGFR (p<0.01) and higher rates of renal replacement therapy (p<0.01). They also had a greater burden of coronary disease (p<0.01), heart failure (p<0.01), stroke (p<0.01), obstructive sleep apnoea (p<0.01), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (p<0.01), anaemia (p<0.01) and obesity (p<0.01). Over the mean follow-up period of 44.04±34.96 months, 832 patients met the composite outcome (410 all-cause death, 422 MACE). On log rank tests, prevalent AF was a predictor of the composite outcome (Figure 1; p<0.01) and remained an independent predictor of all-cause death and MACE on multivariate analysis (HR 1.65; 95% CI 1.24–2.21, p<0.01).

 Prevalent AF is an independent predictor of all-cause death and MACE in patients with CKD.
 Figure 1. Kaplan Meier Curve

 Type of funding source: None


Abstract : This report describes the development of methods for the assessment of tank platoon battle run performance. The aims of this first phase were to generate objective performance measures, to explore alternative data collection procedures, and to specify scoring and interpretation procedures. Performance measures were developed for 54 different performance constructs in the offensive battle run and 43 different performance constructs in the defensive battle run. Video taping of battle runs was explored as an alternative to traditional data collection procedures. The report concludes with a discussion of the procedures involved in using photomap board-gaming simulations to generate performance standards in terms of which to score and interpret platoon proficiency.


Establishing appropriate electromagnetic scattering model is the promise of reappearing the moving characteristics of dynamic radar target realistically,in which the calculation of attitude angle is the key.This paper presents a method using moving trajectory of radar target to solve the attitude angle of moving target,derives its solving process,and gains the examples of calculating,which provides a way to simulate radar target electromagnetic scattering characteristics in arbitrary attitude angle.It is valid and accurate to analyze and resolve the problems in actual engineering application.


A common assumption throughout the marine ecological and fisheries literature is that growth is a valid indicator of habitat quality and can be used as a criterion for designation of essential fish habitat (EFH). In this study, the validity of growth as an index of habitat quality was tested by examining how variability in otolith growth was related to abiotic and biotic environmental conditions and could be biased by previous growth history, density depend- ence, and selective mortality. The study was conducted with juvenile Atlantic croaker (Micropogonias undulatus) col- lected in two North Carolina, USA, estuaries during two seasons of two recruitment years. Water temperature, a component of habitat quality, explained nearly 40% of the variability in juvenile otolith growth. There was also evi- dence that estimates of growth could be biased by density dependence (slower growth at higher conspecific abundance) and by selective mortality (higher mortality of individuals with relatively slower larval and juvenile otolith growth). Studies using growth-based assessment of habitat quality that fail to identify factors underlying growth rate differences among habitats may reach incorrect decisions regarding quality of different habitats and assignment of EFH.


Data derived from empirical studies, coupled with modeling and simulation techniques, were used to campare tree and product quality from two stands of small-diameter ponderosa pine trees growing in northern California: one plantation, the other natural. The plantation h a d no management following establishment, and the natural stand had no active management. Fifty trees of similar diameter classes were selected from each site, measured, bucked into logs, and sawn into boards, and the boards were scanned for defects. Trees from the plantation stond demonstrated less variability in tree height, crown length, and age structure. The plantation trees were on average 4 years younger than their na t ural cohorts, yet for all but the smallest diameter there were no significant differences between mean tree height or crown length. Predicted merchantable volumes differed significontly for the lorgest diameter cla ss. Merchantable volume was estimated to be 5% greater for the plantation trees than for the natural stand trees. More logs were bucked from the plantation stands, resulting in greater lumber production and greater value overall. Bu i lt logs from the plantation stand had an average of 9 whorls per log, whereas natural butt logs averaged 10 whorls per log. The most numerous defects, outnumbering knots and wane, were needle traces. These occupied some 31% of na t ural board surface area, in comparison with 19% for plantation boards. Given the shorter time fr a me required to grow plantation trees, the gre aa er merchantable volumes, and more consumer- a cceptable defects, plantation stands, even with a minimal level of management, offer greater product potential than natural stands.


Abstract : This research developed a measure, we call the Maximum Resolvable Polygon (MRP), which estimates the degree of shape distortion introduced by an imaging system. The MRP relies on a computer simulation of the imaging system. While such a computer simulation requires more extensive computer power than the computation of an analytical formula like the MRT, the MRP may still be considered relatively easy to compute. All software simulations and experiments reported here were performed on a personal computer. A new test pattern set has been proposed to replace the bar pattern which is used to analyze the performance of man-in-the-loop systems. Target-like test patterns rely on the use of regular polygons and are parameterized by the number of sides in the polygons. Clutter-like objects are also derived from this test pattern set. A theoretical analysis of the MRP indicates that it estimates the target shape conditions at which a target recognition system will produce a 50% error rate. Simulation experiments have compared the performance which the MRP measure predicts that an automatic target recognition system would have with the performance of the human visual pattern recognition system. (jhd)


- Tungsten, hecause of its high strength and melting point occupies a prime position amongst the metals.With depletion of high grade ores, R & D work is being pursued world over for processing of low grade and secondary resources. Recent studies carried out at NML on extraction of tungsten from jig concentrate obtained during beneficiation of low grade ores of Degana, are discussed. By following the pressure leaching - solvent extraction route, over 95% of tungsten could be extracted from the jig concentrate containing 5% W03. Parameters such as alkali concentration, temperature, pressure during leaching have been studied and optimised. Conditions for
separation of tungsten from the leach solution using organic solvent, Alamine336 modified with isodecanol in
kerosene, have also been studied. The effect of pH, aqueous to organic ratio during extraction and stripping of
tungsten from synthetic and actual leach solutions were studied and it has been found that the loading capacity of
solvent for the above solutions in the pH range 1.7-2.8 were 102 g/l and 67 g/l W03 respectively. The lowering of
the metal loading with actual leach solution is mainly due to the presence of impurities and their precipitation as
tungsten-organic complex near the aqueous phase. Finally, ammonium paratungstate (APT) was made from the solution by crystallization. The purity of APT produced was 99.75% with an overall recovery of 85% tungsten.


Granulation tissues may form after tissues damage 2-3 days, and in turn, as the proliferation of fibroblasts and endothelial cells, fibrous scar will appear. The formation of scar is closely related to angiogenesis and cell proliferation or apoptosis. The common pathological scars are proliferative scar and keloid, they may cause movement disorders but are harmful to the appearance. Since the causes and pathological mechanisms of scar still stay unknown, no effective treatments have been put forward to eradicate scar clinically. PI3-K/Akt pathway is known to exist in many physiological functions, and it has been proved to involve in the survival of cells under stimulation of cytokines. It is reported that PI3-K/Akt pathway mediates the formation of scars, which may lead to a new prospect of the scars' therapy. This paper will review the roles that PI3-K/Akt plays in the formation of scar and comes up with new therapy of scar based on this pathway.


We report a case of 20-year-old female patient with ofloxacin-induced anaphylaxis mediated by IgG4 antibody. One of second-generation fluoroquinolone, ofloxacin is prescribed widely to treat bacterial infections. Reports of serious hypersensitivity reactions to quinolone are increasing due to high consumption worldwide [1]. The pathogenesis of anaphylaxis caused by ofloxacin is not yet fully understood, as it is not commonly reported. There has been a report demonstrating high serum specific IgE levels to ofloxacin-human serum albumin (HSA) conjugate using enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), enzyme-linked immunospecific assay [2]; however, this is the first report to suggest an IgG4-mediated but not IgE-mediated mechanism in a patient with ofloxacin-induced anaphylaxis. A 20-year-old female with allergic rhinitis was referred to our department for the evaluation of anaphylaxis because she had experienced generalized urticaria and dyspnea with wheezing, and hoarseness within 1 hour after oral ingestion of ofloxacin 100 mg. It was her first ingestion of ofloxacin. The patient had a history of acute, generalized urticaria and drug allergy to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Her mother had a history of bronchial asthma. At the initial visit, no abnormal findings were noted on physical examination and radiography/spirometry results. Her serum total IgE level was 42 kU/L. Allergy skin prick tests showed positive responses to Dermatophagoides farinae and D. pteronyssinus, but negative responses to ofloxacin at concentrations of 0.1−10 mg/ml, with a positive control being a mean wheal size of 4 mm to histamine. Ofloxacin-HSA conjugate was conducted to investigate immunologic mechanisms to detect serum specific IgE antibody to ofloxacin-HSA conjugate using ELISA as


One of the numerous responsibilities of the government of any country is to invest in the various sectors of the economy. This should, however, be channeled to the appropriate sectors, such as the health sector, that will lead to a continual growth of the country. It is in the light of this, that this study looks at government spending on the health sector and its effect on infant mortality rate (INFM) in Nigeria. Health is central to the well-being of the citizens. This study made an attempt to provide empirical evidence of the impact of public health expenditure on infant mortality rate in Nigeria between 1991 and 2018 using time series data. The Fully Modified Ordinary Least Square (FMOLS) analytical method was used to examine the relationships. Various robustness checks were carried out to ensure the reliability of the result for policy makers. Findings revealed that all variables employed positively impacted INFM except for Diphtheria, Pertussis, and Tetanus (DPT) immunization and female literacy rate. It was therefore recommended that more public enlightenments on the importance of taking DPT immunization for infants should be embarked upon for the target audience to be able to produce a positive effect, nursing mothers should be educated more on the need to take good care of their children especially at the early stage and not leave chance to the faith of the day care, all in the name of being literate and answering the call of their job at the expense of their parental role among others.


Set is one of the main materials contained in the mathematics subject for 7th-grade junior high school in odd semesters. In the set material, there's no formula used, but there are various kinds of notations, symbols, and also diagrams. Basically, some or even most students still face various difficulties in understanding and working on problems in set operations. This study aims to determine the types of errors and the percentage of errors in 7th-grade junior high school's responses to set material test questions using Newman's error analysis procedure. In this study, we used a qualitative descriptive method, while the data processing technique was done by analyzing student answers based on questions that were test instruments. The research subjects were taken from students in the VII-E class at SMP IT Fithrah Insani, which included as many as 22 students. Then the subjects were analyzed, and based on the results of the research, it turned out that there were still errors in solving set questions. The most frequent error made by students is an encoding error of 40.91%. In this error, the student did not write a complete final answer, or even the conclusion of the solution, so that he did not answer the question posed by the problem.


In the rapid promotion of China's electricity spot market, a large number of electricity retailers and large consumers participate in power trading, of which medium- and long-term power trading accounts for a large proportion. In the electricity spot market, the previous medium- and long-term transactions need to be closely combined with the current spot market transaction settlement rules. This paper analyzes the trading strategy of large retailers in the power market. In order to effectively reduce the total electricity cost, it is necessary to optimize the medium- and long-term transactions based on three aspects: electricity quantity and benchmark price decisions of medium- and long-term contracts, the daily electricity decomposition method in the day-ahead (DA) market, and the daily load curve decomposition strategy. According to load history characteristics that are extracted by the X12 method, daily electricity is decomposed from the medium- and long-term electricity quantity in the DA market. This paper introduces three methods of decomposing the daily load curve and proves that the particle swarm algorithm is the best method for effectively minimizing the cost in the DA market. Through analyzing the total electricity cost change pattern, we prove that the basic component of decision making is the relative relationship between the electricity price of medium- and long-term contracts and the equivalent kWh price of medium- and long-term electricity in the DA market, which is determined by the decomposition daily curve method. If the equivalent kilowatt-hour price obtained by the decomposition method in the DA market is greater than the electricity price of medium- and long-term contracts, the larger the electrical energy of medium- and long-term contracts, the lower the costs. Based on the above principles, electricity retailers can carry out planning for medium- and long-term transactions, as well as the decomposition and declaration of the daily electricity quantities and daily load curves.


This paper reminded me of a meticulously organized coach tour of important historical sites, conducted at high speed by a polite but aloof commentator and leaving the more discerning tourist not only with an upto-date factual overview but with many unexpressed personal thoughts, feelings and queries. Ventilation of such feelings in a context from which the commentator is absent can lead to a distorted expression of the original covert reactions. My comments no doubt reflect distortion of a similar kind and, like the author's own final summing up, may not immediately appear related to the text of the article. My reactions after the first reading formed themselves into three groupings, and remained the same through subsequent re-readings. First, the paper makes no reference to what I might call the psycho-educational aspects of training in psychotherapy. Taking into account the wide scope of Dr Salvendy's review this suggests that the enterprise of looking at training from an educational as well as from a medical standpoint has not yet been recognized by training institutions in North America. In this respect it is heartening to note that in the Institute of Group Analysis, where training standards would undoubtedly meet with Dr Salvendy's approval, there has been considerable awareness of such issues for some time and indeed there appears to be an increasing interest in them in more recent years. This brings me to my second response, which is that Dr Salvendy's overview might well have benefited from a model or models capable of accommodating concepts from sources beyond both psychoanalysis and medicine. For those who have worked within it or have been influenced by it, the groupanalytic perspective will immediately present itself as a outstanding candidate for such a critical r6le. This perspective could help illuminate most of the issues raised in this paper and bring to them a realism as well as humaneness. Thirdly, I re-experienced my own antipathy to the notion that 'scientific' studies and 'objective' data therefrom will lead to the resolution of complex problems. Some of the emphases in the paper which apparently triggered off this response included references to the exclusion of unsuitable candidates through the use of psychological tests, the implied superiority of video-taping as a means of conveying the reality of group processes, and the nomination of uniform rules and even the medical model as appropriate .protectors of standards and security. While sharing Dr Salvendy's concern about the dangers of admitting and failing to remove unsuitable candidates, I find myself in disagreement with his reasoning. A reading of the voluminous psychological literature in the use of tests for such purposes and some acquaintance with the resourcefulness of persons to dissimulate (particularly outside group situations) would


This Article critically evaluates recent legislative encroachments into the law of evidence by the Michigan legislature and Congress. The author posits that legislative intrusion into traditional judicial practices of evidence rule-making compromises separation-of-power precepts. Admittedly, such changes are influenced by public pressure. Courts have traditionally been insulated from such pressure. Legislatures have often sought the public's influence in much of their legislative work. To encourage legislatures to define and restrict evidence-law tradition to resolve substantive-law conflicts compromises separation-of-power limits and endangers trial forum objectivity.


"All Because of You"
 by South Sea Hawaiian Players.
 label: G 8953 -
 matrix: 144181(27939). 1 image. Has additional notes. Has associated media files.


Recommended Citation Smith, Rachel; Young, Jennifer; Anderson, Mark J.; Johnson, Roger; Huff-Lonergan, Elisabeth J.; Dekkers, Jack C. M.; and Lonergan, Steven M. (2009) "Effect of Selection for Reduced Residual Feed Intake on Pork Carcass Composition and Fresh Pork Quality," Animal Industry Report: AS 655, ASL R2394. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31274/ans_air-180814-1235 Available at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/ans_air/vol655/iss1/17


Introduction This note considers antitrust private enforcement in the UK ; it should be read together with two other recent cases (A. Jones, The UK Court of Appeal rejects an allegation of…


This research seeks to explore the challenges of environmental journalists in Sri Lankan newspapers. To carry out the objectives of the research, qualitative methodology was employed. Primary data were collected through in-depth interview method. The research concluded that journalists are facing a plethora of challenges such as editors' lack of knowledge about environmental issues and science, lack of support from editors, lack of facilities such proper professional training for journalists, pressures from management of the newspaper with the space allocation, influences of advertisers and politicians, and complexity of environmental issues, and problems of getting information from the sources. In addition, according to responses of the participants, it is concluded that environmental journalism is not well-established in Sri Lanka, not having in-depth analysis on the environment. Comparing with Sunday Times newspaper, it is shown that Irida Lankadeepa newspaper and editors are not interested in the environment, and they have not allocated specific space for the environment. Furthermore, they pointed out that the reason for not to grant priority for the environment is environmental journalism is created by non-government organisations and their hidden intentions.


The life and death is the eternal issue for the humanity.How to transcend the death is also the core of the Kant moral philosophy.He made the free will as the transcendental platform,and realized to transcend the death and to sublimate the human nature by his unique moral theology,which built the theological scale of his whole theory of freedom of will.


Analyze the significance of instruction evaluation from student,provide the strategy of constructing data market about analysis and decision based on instruction evaluation from student,design the conceptive model of data market using ERD techniques,and furthermore confirm the data resources and every subject field. Finally,construct the logical model of data market by using multidimensional techniques,and study the design of fact table and every dimension table.


Comparative morphological and molecular phylogenetic studies on divergence and differentiation of two closely-related intertidal hermit crabs, Pagurus lanuginosus and Pagurus maculosus (Crustacea: Anomura: Paguridae)( Digest_要約 ) Author(s) Zakea, Sultana Citation Kyoto University (京都大学) Issue Date 2016-03-23 URL https://doi.org/10.14989/doctor.k19530 Right 学位規則第9条第2項により要約公開 Type Thesis or Dissertation Textversion none


CFU-DC in the bone marrow of CBA and BALB/c mice, which are contrast in total radiosensitivity, have close characteristics: D0 is 1.35 and 1.32 Gy, respectively. The proliferation rate of CFU-DC after single exposure to a non-lethal dose of 4 Gy is higher in CBA than in BALB/c mice. The time of doubling the CFU-DC population during the period of exponential growth after irradiation is 40 and 72 h for CBA and BALB/c mice, respectively.


Heat-recovery steam generators (HRSGs) have come of age. At the same time, these boilers are more complex as designs are refined to maximize heat recovery. Hundreds of units are installed and now have years of operating experience providing valuable information that can benefit all HRSG owners. Experienced troubleshooters can anticipate potential problem areas and recommend cost-effective solutions. The HRSG corrosion problems summarized here--and the means by which they were identified and solved--are useful examples to alert other HRSG owners and operators to potential problem areas. Steps involved include thorough inspection and documentation, problem and cost/benefit analyses, and planning around outages.


This paper aims at minimizing economical cost of a microgrid by jointly scheduling various devices, e.g., appliances, batteries, thermal generators, and wind turbines. To properly model the system, the characteristics of all devices is fully investigated; in particular, the chance constraint is introduced to capture the randomness of power generation of wind turbines. Then, this problem is formulated as a large-scale mixed-integer program with coupling constraints. In order to solve this problem efficiently, it is decoupled via dual decomposition into a set of subproblems to be solved distributedly on each appliance, battery, and generator. While the scheduling of generator is well studied in literature, this paper specially proposes an efficient method for appliance scheduling, and then employs Benders' decomposition for battery scheduling. The performance of the proposed approach is verified by numerical simulations.


In terms of the particularity of basic computer education in university, this paper elaborates the author's specific implementation and related harvests of the application of task-driven method which is based on the theory of constructivism in the university in order to cultivate students' abilities in studying on their own, analyzing and solving problems, and to improve their information literacy.


T HE Eddic mythological lay Hymisqvida is regarded by most scholars as a late poem and as a conglomerate of older, originally independent mythical traditions.' The different materials comprising the poem are held together contextually by two interconnected and more or less continuous motifs, the fetching of a brewing-kettle by the gods Tyr and Thor, and the sea-journey or journeys which lead them to their goal. The former motif has been widely interpreted as a nature myth. In this view the kettle which the gods fetch represents either the ice-bound northern ocean which is freed from the wintergod Hymir by the summer-gods Thor and Tyr, or the vault of heaven, more precisely the cloud-covered autumnal sky, which according to Hellquist2 is freed from its demonic captor, the cloud-giant Hymir, by the thunder-god Thor and the (sunlit) sky-god Tyr. In the latter interpretation the gods bring about a purifying storm which causes rain to fall, represented symbolically by the ale or divine mead which is associated with the kettle. (A nature myth in which rain = divine mead falls in the autumn!) Like other scholars before him (Mannhardt, Rydberg) Hellquist notes the similarity between Thor's role in the kettlefetching episode and the role of the Indian god Indra, who steals the divine soma from his father Tvastar, thereby gaining supernatural strength and immortality. The similarity is taken to be evidence of the common Indo-European origin of the two myths. Franz Rolf Schrider has examined this parallel more thoroughly than his predecessors,3 has included Odin's theft of the Poetic Mead as a further analogue, and extended the parallelism of the two bodies of myth to encompass Thor's fight with the Midgard Serpent (it is assumed that the version of this fight told by Snorri in the Prose Edda, in which Thor kills the serpent, represents the original myth) and Indra's slaying of the monster Vritra. The motif of the overcoming of the monster by the strong hero is for Schri*der 'der Sieg des GtSttersohnes fiber die Chaosmaichte der Urzeit' (p.30). Ranging further afield, SchriSder sees a cognate to these myths in the story of the Polynesian god-hero Maui, who fishes up the island of New Zealand (among others) from the depths of the ocean while on a fishing expedition. Thus Thor's fishing expedition and battle with the Midgard-Serpent were originally an Indo-European creationmyth (p.32-33), not the eschatological vision which they eventually became in Christian Scandinavia of the late Middle Ages.4 Like Hellquist, SchrSder regards Hymir as a sky-god, 'ein alter Himmelsgott', who is dethroned and supplanted by his son (Thor, Tyr?). Etymological evidence, he suggests, supports this view, but he is forced to concede in the end that the name 'Hymir' may not be derived from *keu, 'leuchten, hell', at all but


PURPOSE:To prevent the generation of warping in a double-sided printed board having a large conducting pattern area. CONSTITUTION:In terms of a double-sided printed board, which forms a conducting pattern 2 on both sides of a board main body 1 and provides a larger area of the conducting pattern 2 of a surface 3 than the area of the conducting pattern 2 on the rear side 4, there is provided a long and narrow slit 5 vertical to the longitudinal direction of the printed board inside the conducting pattern 2 which has increased the area of the surface 3.


In this study we examine factors which are associated with nursing home placement in terms of both their frequency of occurrence and the degree to which caregivers perceive them to have influenced placement. We propose "Tolerance Weighted Frequency Indices " (TWFIs) to rank symptoms in terms of their association with placement decisions. Given our method for calculating TWFIs we observe that basic activity of daily living impairments appear to have a comparatively stronger association with nursing home placement than many disruptive behaviors. These findings emphasize the importance of management of ADL impairments in strategies designed to delay or prevent nursing home placement.


Sobolev type equation theory
has been an object of interest in recent years, with much attention being
devoted to deterministic equations and systems. Still, there are also mathematical models containing random perturbation, such as white noise; these models are often used in natural experiments and have recently driven a large amount of research on
stochastic differential equations. A new concept of ``white noise",
originally constructed for finite dimensional spaces, is extended here to the case of infinite dimensional spaces. The main purpose is to develop stochastic higher-order Sobolev type equation theory and provide some practical applications. The main idea is to construct ``noise" spaces using the Nelson -- Gliklikh derivative. Abstract results are applied to the
Boussinesq -- Love model with additive ``white noise" within Sobolev type equation theory. Because of their usefulness, we mainly focus on Sobolev type equations with
relatively p-bounded operators. We also use well-known methods in the
investigation of Sobolev type equations, such as the phase space method,
which reduces a singular equation to a regular one,
as defined on some subspace of the initial space.


Two patients presenting to a pre‐senile dementia clinic with dementia were also found to have genetic haemochromatosis. In both instances the haemochromatosis was mild and the cognitive dysfunction could not be attributed to hepatic failure. The association of these uncommon diseases may reflect genetic linkage.


Hybrid perovskite solar cells attract a considerable attention of researchers due to feasibility of their low-cost production and demonstration of impressive power conversion efficiencies exceeding 25%. However, the insufficient intrinsic stability of lead halides under light soaking and thermal stress impedes practical implementation of this technology. Herein, we have shown that the photothermal aging of such widely used perovskite light absorber as MAPbI3 can be suppressed significantly by using polyvinylcarbazole (PVC) as a stabilizing agent. By applying a few complementary methods, we have revealed that the PVC additive leads to passivation of defects in the absorber material. Introducing an optimal content of PVC in MAPbI3 has delivered a PCE of 18.7 % in combination with significantly improved solar cell operational lifetime: devices retained ~70% of the initial efficiency after light soaking for 1500 h, whereas the control samples without PVC degraded almost completely under the same conditions.


As cross-cultural experts in human behavior and evolution, anthropologists can be non-judgmental when examining the issues at the root of the problem and provide a broader, cultural, human context for such questions as "What exactly is race?" "What are the causes of racism?" and "What are its consequences?" Through ethnographic studies, anthropologists have found American notions of race are often derived from misunderstood and misused physical criteria (such as skin color, hair type, facial structure and body build), leading to conclusions that race is based on biological rather than social categories that carry with them presumed characteristics as well as


This paper reports the results of logistic regression models for four consecutive age groups in order to capture variations in the characteristics of movers and non-movers across the life course. The increasing availability of new/alternative sources of microdata, such as Acxiom Ltd's Research Opinion Poll, provides an opportunity to uncover a series of directional associations for covariates that have been largely untested in existing empirical literature. Analysis shows how certain key associational patterns of demographic, socio-economic, housing, and neighbourhood characteristics vary across life-course stages. Whilst the empirical results confirm findings from the literature, they also provide new insights into the relevance of subjective neighbourhood satisfaction, suggesting that across the life course, satisfaction is particularly marked for those who have recently moved, a pattern that happens to be further amplified if the mover is a homeowner. © 2015 The Authors. Population, Space and Place published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.


This paper presents the results of a study of liver density and an assessment of liver fibrosis markers in 137 patients with HIV infection associated with chronic viral hepatitis C. Activation of the production of interleukin-6 (IL-6), increased regeneration in hepatocytes, which predetermine the outcome of chronic viral hepatitis C into cirrhosis, were revealed. Significant pathogenetic factors that mark liver density were APRI index, albumin, platelets and IL-6. Normal liver density was established at APRI ≤0.50. 1 and 2-degree of fibrosis - F1-2 = with APRI > 0.50 and ≤0.91, 3-degree of liver fibrosis - F3 - with > 0.91 and ≤1.02, liver cirrhosis of HCV etiology with APRI > 1.02. The IL-6 index showed a high correlation with the degrees of liver fibrosis. IL-6 allowed to exclude liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C at ≤3.6 pg/ml. A rapid rate of progression of liver fibrosis was detected at APRI>0.74 and AFP>3.25 IU/ml. A good predictive value for the diagnosis of the transition of chronic hepatitis C to liver cirrhosis was shown by IL-6 at > 7.12 pg/ml (sensitivity 72.5% and specificity 92.2%).


The widespread use of tensor operations in describing electronic structure calculations has motivated the design of software frameworks for productive development of scalable optimized tensor-based electronic structure methods. Whereas prior work focused on Cartesian abstractions for dense tensors, we present an algebra to specify and perform tensor operations on a larger class of block-sparse tensors. We illustrate the use of this framework in expressing real-world computational chemistry calculations beyond the reach of existing frameworks.


Voltage support to the Distribution Node (DN) is necessary requirement due to fluctuations of time varying reactive load. The Photovoltaic's Arrays (PAs) and Electric Vehicles (EVs) provide active and reactive power support to DN. Voltage support can be achieved at DN node from RES and EVs. In this paper, coordination of EVs and PAs are integrated with DN to improve the voltage profile. The coordination can be achieved by providing active and reactive power support through PAs and the EVs charge/discharge (support/inject) based on the node voltage. The bulk numbers of EVs are connected to the DN through point of common coupling (PCC) which is called as Charging Station (CS). Many PAs are used to generate power for DN support; it's known as DN Supporting Point (DNSP). The main focus of this work is to predict the most accurate location of CS and DNSP. A 33kV Distribution System (DS) of Guwahati city is modeled in MATLAB Simulink environment with four types of active and reactive load profiles. Typical DS having 48 nodes, the CS and DNSP are connected in each node of the DS. To control the power flow of the CS and DNSP, fuzzy based control strategies and optimal aggregator has been implemented. Also, probability distribution function has been used to find the scheduled arrival of EVs at CS. Voltage, power and energy of the CS and DNSP are compared.


Because the mechanical properties of biological materials exhibit strong rate dependence, special care must be exercised in their measurement. This paper describes a variety of measurement techniques to determine the dynamic mechanical properties of hard and soft tissues. Results of these tests on bone, scalp, brain, and dura are presented. Viscoelastic models, modeling techniques, and difficulties are discussed for these materials. Materials from both human and subhuman primates have been studied and comparisons made. The effect of post‐mortem test times and storage and specimen preparation methods is discussed.


Over the past two decades, the status of customary international law in U.S. courts has been the subject of vigorous debate. On the one hand, proponents of the "modernist" position contend that rules of customary international law are presumptively rules of federal law, which apply directly in U.S. courts and preempt inconsistent state law even in the absence of federal legislative or executive authorization. On the other hand, the "revisionists" argue that, in the absence of congressional legislation or a U.S. treaty, rules of customary international law are generally not matters of federal law, and will therefore generally be governed by state law. This Article argues for an approach that rejects central elements of both the modernist and revisionist positions, while also adopting other aspects of both positions. The Article contends that the text, structure, and objectives of the Constitution, and the weight of judicial authority, require treating all rules of customary international law as rules of federal law, but that such rules will be directly applicable in U.S. courts only when the federal political branches have expressly or impliedly provided for judicial application of a particular rule. This approach would mirror the way in which courts apply U.S. treaties and other international agreements—treating them as matters of federal law but applying their provisions in U.S. courts only to the extent authorized by the political branches. The intentions of the political branches regarding application of particular rules of customary international law by U.S. courts can be deduced from a number of indicia, analogous to those applied to determine whether particular treaty provisions are self-executing; these include the content and character of the relevant rule of international law, statements by the Executive or Legislative branch, and the content, character, and historical treatment of related rules of international law. The position proposed in this Article produces materially different results from either the modernist or the revisionist approaches. In many cases, the analysis proposed in this Article will lead to the conclusion that particular customary international law rules—such as head of state or consular immunity and attribution of state responsibility—are directly applicable in U.S. courts, notwithstanding the absence of express authorization by the political branches. In other cases, including many emerging human rights protections, this analysis will lead to a conclusion that particular rules of customary international law are not applicable in U.S. courts. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................. 1642 I. THE CURRENT STATUS OF CUSTOMARY INTERNATIONAL LAW IN U.S. COURTS ............................................................. 1645 * Mr. Born is the author of INTERNATIONAL CIVIL LITIGATION IN UNITED STATES COURTS (6th ed. 2017), INTERNATIONAL COMMERCIAL ARBITRATION (2nd ed. 2014), and INTERNATIONAL ARBITRATION: CASES AND MATERIALS (2010). He benefited from thoughtful comments by Curtis Bradley, Jack Goldsmith, Harold Koh, Gerald Neuman, Catherine Rogers, Bo Rutledge, Linda Silberman and Paul Stephan. All mistakes are his alone. 04 Born.docx (Do Not Delete) 12/28/2017 9:45 AM 1642 WASHINGTON LAW REVIEW [Vol. 92:1641 A. The Modernists: "The Modern View Is that Customary International Law Is Federal Law and Its Determination by the Federal Courts Is Binding on the State Courts".... 1648 B. The Revisionists: Customary International Law "Does Not Have the Status of Federal Common Law" .............. 1650 C. The Others: "Customary International Law Can Have an Intermediate Status Between State and Federal Law"..... 1653 II. THE PROPER STATUS OF CUSTOMARY INTERNATIONAL LAW IN U.S. COURTS ............................................................. 1655 A. Constitutional Text, Structure, and Purposes .................. 1657 1. Federal Foreign Relations Power............................... 1657 2. Separation of Powers ................................................. 1673 B. Judicial Authority ............................................................ 1689 1. Separation of Powers ................................................. 1689 2. Federalism ................................................................. 1703 III. CUSTOMARY INTERNATIONAL LAW: NON-SELFEXECUTING FEDERAL COMMON LAW ............................. 1707 A. No Clear Statement or Legislative Act Requirement ...... 1708 B. Self-Executing Versus Non-Self-Executing Federal Common Law .................................................................. 1711 CONCLUSION ................................................................................. 1719


The performance of a mobile satellite communications link is conditioned by the characteristics of the propagation path between a satellite and mobile users. The most important propagation effect in land mobile satellite system is roadside attenuation of the signals due to vegetation or urban structures. System designers should have the most reliable information about the statistics of the propagation channel to build reliable systems that can compensate for bad propagation conditions. simulate a propagation channel in the case of roadside tree attenuation in land mobile satellite systems. This thesis describes some improvements to PROSIM, and the adaptation and validation of PROSIM for Digital Audio Radio Satellite systems operating at S-band frequencies. The performance of the simulator for S-band frequencies was evaluated through a measurement campaign conducted with the XM Radio signals at 2.33 GHz in various propagation environments. Finally, additional results on dual satellite systems and fade correlation are described. iii Acknowledgements I would like to thank all the people who helped for finishing my thesis research. I would especially like to thank my advisor, Dr. Warren Stutzman, for his continuous supervision and his helpful suggestions. I would also like to thank the other members of my committee, Dr. Davis and Dr. Pratt for their sincere advice. In addition, I would like to thank Dr. Seong-Youp Suh for letting me use the PROSIM simulator, R. Michael Barts for sharing his ideas and correcting my work, and the members of the Virginia Tech Antenna Group who worked on the XM Radio project for their contribution to my work. Also, I would like to thank the other VTAG members for their concern about my thesis, and the general work atmosphere in the group. Finally, I would like to thank my family, and my friends in the United States and in France, for their continuous encouragement and support.


This project aims to provide an easy and accurate method to position a solar panel at the
most optimal angel and tilt. The solution is based on a Mobil application that utilize the GPS
and accelerometer in a modern mobile phone to enable the user to position their solar panel
quick and easy, no matter where they are located without requiring an internet access.
The aim is also to make the app as versatile as possible; to make it usable both on mounted
panels on roofs as well as small panels used for outdoor activity.
Another aspect we would like to focus on is the steady rise of smartphones in 3rd world
countries where consistent electricity supply is rare. With this app the efficiency of solar
panels in such areas could be greatly improved, resulting in greater independence from
faulty national electricity grids.


For an effective intelligent active mobility assistance robot, the walking pattern of a patient or an elderly person has to be analyzed precisely. A well-known fact is that the walking patterns are gaits, that is, cyclic patterns with several consecutive phases. These cyclic motions can be modeled using the consecutive gait phases. In this paper, we present a completely non-invasive framework for analyzing a normal human walking gait pattern. Our framework utilizes a laser range finder sensor to collect the data, a combination of filters to preprocess these data, and an appropriately synthesized Hidden Markov Model (HMM) for state estimation, and recognition of the gait data. We demonstrate the applicability of this setup using real data, collected from an ensemble of different persons. The results presented in this paper demonstrate that the proposed human data analysis scheme has the potential to provide the necessary methodological (modeling, inference, and learning) framework for a cognitive behavior-based robot control system. More specifically, the proposed framework has the potential to be used for the recognition of abnormal gait patterns and the subsequent classification of specific walking pathologies, which is needed for the development of a context-aware robot mobility assistant.


The performance of the cyclic redundancy check aided successive cancellation list (CA-SCL) decoder for polar codes exceeds that of the Turbo codes and the Low Density Par-ity Check (LDPC) codes adopted in the World Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) proposal. However, CA-SCL decoder has a high computational complexity, resulting in a long time delay and high memory complexity. In order to alleviate this problem, an improved path splitting strategy on successive cancellation list (IPSS-SCL) decoder was proposed, which can significantly reduce the average list size. The influence of splitting on CA-SCL decoder was analysed at first and a new selective splitting criterion using the Gaussian approximation method was proposed according to the analysis. In addition, a path contraction mechanism based on the location estimation of the correct path was proposed to further reduce the average number of unnecessary candidate paths. Compared with existing path splitting strategies, simulation results show that the proposed IPSS-SCL decoding algorithm can reduce the average computational complexity significantly


With the development of reservoir stimulation technology, more and more deep shale reservoirs (>4000m) have become the targets of shale gas exploitation. In order to better understand the performance of shale in deep reservoir environment, we carry out a series of high-temperature and high-pressure experiments on the Longmaxi shale. A thermal-mechanical coupled model for anisotropic rocks is then proposed based on the discrete element method (DEM). The thermal behaviors are implemented by introducing thermal expansion algorithms, while the anisotropic characteristics are reproduced by replacing any linear parallel bonds dipping within a certain angle range with smooth-joint contacts. The proposed theory is validated by comparing the numerical results with experimental data under different thermal and stress conditions. The influence of the high temperature and high pressure conditions is then analyzed. The numerical results show that high confining pressure conditions lead to an increase of peak strength, elastic modulus and residual strength. High temperature treatment could induce thermal damage in the model, result in a degradation in macro mechanical properties. The proposed model exhibits obvious ductile characteristics under high temperature and high pressure conditions.

 Over the past few decades, with the development of reservoir stimulation technology, more and more deep shale reservoirs (>4000m) have become the targets of shale gas exploitation, which led to an increasing attention on the mechanical and thermal response of shale in deep reservoir environment. On this behalf, considerable efforts have been devoted to the study of shale behavior under high temperature and high pressure conditions. Rybacki et al. (2017) experimentally examined the creep behavior of shale, subjected to temperature up to 200°C and confining pressure up to 200 MPa, simulating elevated in situ depth reservoir conditions, and their samples showed that the semi-brittle creep of shale presented high deformation rates under high temperature, high stress, and low confinement (Rybacki et al., 2017). Guo et al. (2020) conducted uniaxial compression test and acoustic emission monitoring on shale specimens with different bedding plane inclinations after thermal treatment of different temperatures. They found that the P-wave velocity decreases with the increase in bedding plane inclination at each thermal treatment temperature showing anisotropy (Guo et al., 2020). Chandler et al. (2017) measured the fracture toughness of shale along all three principal crack orientations at elevated temperatures, and the fracture toughness was seen to change only very little as a function of temperature in the range below 120°C, a modest increase was then observed at temperatures between 120°C and 200°C (Chandler et al., 2017). Wang et al. (2019) studied the anisotropic permeability of shale at in-situ reservoir conditions, their experimental results showed that the threshold temperature of permeability in the direction perpendicular to bedding is 450°C and in the direction parallel to bedding is 400°C, and the formation of thermally induced cracks as well as the connected macropores that result from pyrolysis are the main reason for the increase of shale permeability at elevated temperature (Wang et al., 2019). Although experiments mentioned above have revealed important characteristics of shale under different environmental conditions, the inherent mechanism of the internal thermal damage generated in deep reservoir shale due to the different expansion coefficients of mineral grains is difficult and costly to clarify experimentally. Therefore, in order to better understand the thermal and mechanical behaviors of confined shale, which is a key factor guiding the development of deep shale reservoirs, experimental and numerical studies are both carried out in our research.


In order to investigate the effect of Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria on yield components of sunflower under irrigation regimes, an experiment was conducted in Zanjan, Iran, during 2011. In order to prevent from water penetration, three factorial experiments separately as based on randomized complete block design with three replications and variance analysis was conducted based on combined analysis. The experimental treatments included water stress in 3 levels (normal irrigation, cut off irrigation at flowering stage, cut off irrigation at grain filling stage) and inoculate of seeds with PGPRs Psedomonas Potida in 6 levels (non inoculate, inoculate with strain R4, R169, R168, R8 and inoculate with mixture of all bacteria) were considered. Mean comparison of water stress and bacteria on grain yield showed that R169 (3310.4 kg/ha) was superior treatment and R4 was the next rank under normal irrigation. But under cut off irrigation condition at flowering stage all treatments were equal nearly and under cut off irrigation at grain filling stage R169 strain was superior treatment and R4, R168 strains were next rank.


The fraction of molecules that can be vibrationally excited is often the limiting factor in many infrared laser excitation experiments, in particular, when using weak absorption bands. Reported here is a simple multipass reflector designed to overcome that obstacle. Its enhancement in pumping efficiency is demonstrated in a crossed-beam scattering experiment on the Cl+CH2D2(v1 or v6=1) reactions. Compared to a double-pass arrangement, the effective laser fluence for excitation is also characterized.


Also, a commercial motion tracking system was used to track the position, speed, and acceleration of the WECs using a swarm ( 90) of attached LED's. The WEC motion tracking data can be used as input to the numerical models for wave transformation as well as for WEC performance and design. These data can also be used to estimate the power producing performance of different WEC-array arrangements. Finally, a bi-static camera system was installed in order to provide a 3D wave imaging capability through binocular stereo. This capability was directed at analyzing the scattered wave field within the WEC-array at high resolution. The constructive and destructive wave interference patterns produced within the array are difficult to resolve with single in-situ gages, but can significantly affect the array performance and the far-field waves. The experimental plan included both 3-WEC and 5-WEC array configurations as well as single WEC characterization test. Results indicate there are measurable differences in WEC performance that are dependent on the number of individual WECs in the array and the location of a given WEC within the array. In this work we will analyze how wave conditions, array configuration, and WEC location within the array affect WEC performance. We will analyze how WEC array size and orientation affect the far-field hydrodynamics.


Theoretical analysis of the structure of a model population of D. melanogaster under systematic inbreeding--"parents x progeny"--has been conducted using a computer and the original method elaborated. Theoretical relationships between the development of homozygous isolated groups of progeny of 30 generations and their backcrosses with heterozygous and homozygous common ancestors A male and B female were established.


According to the problem in a rendering management system of time consumption in task scheduling and abnormalities in the procedure of rendering, the classical solution applies on the strategy of one-time scheduling. The strategy would increase the quantity of the frames which are not rendering successfully because of the accumulation of the frames which are not rendering, especially at the condition with a large number of frames in a scene. The anomaly probability of a render unit will be increased with the increasing quantity of slave nodes in a render unit. In this thesis, a new reliable task scheduling algorithm is proposed based on several dynamic scheduling for the purpose of decreasing render failure rate. The experiments are conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithms and compared with the one-time scheduling algorithm, the results that the proposed algorithm has a better performance in render failure rate and resource utilization.