The author presents a novel assessment of some 270 objects, most of them carrying an inscription in Aramaic. These mainly mortars and pestles (and fragments thereof) made from green chert were, although produced in Arachosia, found in Persepolis. While the interpretation of the first editor, R. Bowman, of these items as ritual objects has never met with approval, their purpose has so far been elusive. By means of a quantitative analysis of the data recorded on these objects – payer, location,...


Abstract Let X be a projective nonsingular variety over a real closed field R such that the set X(R) of R-rational points of X is nonempty. Let ClR(X) = Cl(X)/Γ(X), where Cl(X) is the group of classes of linearly equivalent divisors on X and Γ(X) is the subgroup of Cl(X) consisting of the classes of divisors whose restriction to some neighborhood of X(R) in X is linearly equivalent to 0. It is proved that the group ClR(X) is isomorphic to (Z/2) s for some non-negative integer s. Moreover, an upper bound on s is given in terms of the Z/2-dimension of the group cohomology modules of Gal(C/R), where , with values in the Néron-Severi group and the Picard variety of Xc = X xR C.


On the basis of the properties of SBR process and the mechanism in the removal of nitrogen and phosphorus, the effective approaches to improved function of SBR in removing nitrogen and phosphorus are analysed.lt is a major part to introduce and comment on some of the practical processes of SBR enhanced in removing nitrogen and phosphorus


Three new anthracine species of Bombyliidae are described. Two of these species (Anthrax galali El-Hawagry, sp. nov. and Anthrax zohrayensis El-Hawagry, sp. nov.) were proposed by Efflatoun Bey in his unpublished manuscript in the genus Anthrax Scopoli (sensu lato). These species names are maintained but the descriptions are shortened and revised. A third species, not included in Efflatoun unpublished manuscript, Spogostylum hamadnallahi El-Hawagry, sp. nov., is herein described and illustrated.


The proposal is for an improved process for producing rice protein hydrolysates in which protein-containing basic substances are hydrolysed in the presence of proteinases at a pH in the range from 8 to 10. The resultant hydrolysates are particularly light in colour and are eminently suitable for producing light-coloured surface-active agents with a long shelf life and condensation products with fatty acids.


The case of the channeling radiation for electrons was considered in previous work. The use of the electrons for producing and detecting this type of radiation has the advantage that available electron beams have much smaller transverse phase space than those of the positrons. In addition, the intensity of radiation of electrons is somewhat larger in comparison to the positrons simply due to the fact that the electron is captured by an attractive ion potential of the crystal and, therefore, it moves in a strong electric field. The positron, on the other hand, is captured by a repulsive potential formed by the two next ion planes. It moves in a rather weak field oscillating around the middle plane. This remoteness from ions increases the ratio of the channeling radiation intensity to the bremsstrahlung one making the experiment with the positrons easier to interpret. So it is worthwhile to fulfill the calculations also for the positrons. Our aim is to find the full average intensity of channeling radiation. This can be done easily for any given potential. This approach does not give the spectra of emitted radiation. The last one can be found only for equivalent harmonic oscillator. Since all characteristicsmore » of the radiation are of interest, the two approaches supplement each other and shed more light on the phenomena. 3 refs., 3 figs., 3 tabs.« less


We present GALGO, a system for large scale graph analytics. GALGO promotes easy access to complex graph analytics in a parallel cluster, exploiting parallel database systems as a computation engine for R. The current DBMS technologies are supported: columnar, row and array. In this demonstration we show that fundamental graph algorithms including all pairs shortest path (APSP), single source shortest path (SSSP), PageRank, triangle counting, connected components and reachability are solved completely with queries dynamically generated by our system. Our system presents performance that is very competitive to a state-of-the-art graph system. Furthermore, our out-of-core graph computation can process graphs larger than the system RAM, without compromising performance. GALGO allows the user to execute iteratively complex graph algorithms and simple graph analytics.


Identification and protection of areas that are vulnerable to erosion is essential for the conservation of the sensitive wetlands and estuarine ecosystems along the Xolobeni coastal strip. The forecasting of these erosion susceptible areas requires an understanding of the inter-relationships of the critical factors that have influenced erosion potential over time. Vegetation and bare areas are some of the contributing factors that have influenced erosion at Xolobeni.  This study used remote sensing as a tool to provide some information on the inter-relationship between vegetated classes and bare areas. Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) data derived from multi-temporal Landsat 5 imagery has formed the baseline information for this study. A density slicing approach was adopted to classify the region into four vegetation structure classes of predominant land cover types. Post classification change detection data has provided an understanding of the relative susceptibility of the different vegetated classes to being degraded to bare areas. The results suggest that poorly vegetated regions were most susceptible to further degradation and an elevated susceptibility to erosion. On the other hand, moderately and densely vegetated regions were less susceptible to land degradation. The information can be used to identify measures to mitigate the effects of land degradation in vulnerable areas.


``...There are many believers today without a spiritual Father, which is the reason they do not go far in life and in fulfilling God's purpose for their lives, no matter how great their vision or dream might be. Fathers are Feathers. You need them to fly. The fatherless generation may not go far because the wickedness in our day will place a demand for a higher power to subdue. There were many sons of the Prophet in the days of Elijah, all saw him as their Pastor, but only Elisha saw him as his Father and Prophet. No wonder, he went further than them all in fulfilling destiny...`` (This is what Michael Odo vividly encapsulates like a reality show.) ``...And what more, I also have walked in the footsteps of Bishop Oyedepo for about 30 years. My life has changed from sickness to Health, poverty to Prosperity, stagnation to Promotion, weakness to Power and frustration to Celebration. I, therefore, wish everyone a destiny-molding encounter as you read and apply the principles of life outlined in this book...`` Bishop Thomas O. Aremu


This manuscript describes our participation in the International Skin Imaging Collaboration's 2017 Skin Lesion Analysis Towards Melanoma Detection competition. We participated in Part 3: Lesion Classification. The two stated goals of this binary image classification challenge were to distinguish between (a) melanoma and (b) nevus and seborrheic keratosis, followed by distinguishing between (a) seborrheic keratosis and (b) nevus and melanoma. We chose a deep neural network approach with a transfer learning strategy, using a pre-trained Inception V3 network as both a feature extractor to provide input for a multi-layer perceptron as well as fine-tuning an augmented Inception network. This approach yielded validation set AUC's of 0.84 on the second task and 0.76 on the first task, for an average AUC of 0.80. We joined the competition unfortunately late, and we look forward to improving on these results.


China's and India's strong appetite for energy and metal has boosted international prices and the volume and value of African exports. China in particular has become the main trade partner for a number of African countries providing cheap manufactured goods and reducing Africa's dependence from its traditional trading partners. Despite the push for exports, terms of trade and growth that the Asian giants provide to Africa, risks for sustainable poverty reduction are visible in higher raw material dependence and rent-seeking activities.


The aim of this research is to see whether Long Approach can improve non English majors' writing proficiency. The effect of the Length Approach, a method, encourages students to write as long as possible and on the effect of Strategies Based Instruction on language learning. The findings of the research shows that writing as a form of output can really improve accuracy as well as fluency. From the findings, we can see that writing long compositions provides students more opportunities to try to output new language forms and structures as L2 learners stretch their language to meet communicative needs. What's more, the findings suggests that with SBI used as an auxiliary part of the teaching method, the Length Approach, can actually improve the students' writing ability and English proficiency, and enhance the students' interests in writing as well.


During recent years, several approximated methods of inference have been developed to estimate multilevel models for binary or count data. Recently, Rodriguez and Goldman (2001) compared different type of approximate procedures which would fit a three-level random intercept model, using data sets where binary outcome exhibits a very large amount of clustering. All the approximate methods, even the second-order penalized quasi-likelihood, furnished a substantial underestimation of the fixed and random effects when the random effects are sizable. Based on a certain type of unbiased quasi-linear structural estimating system, we use a different type of approximate approach, which seems in the Rodriguez and Goldman's framework to provide substantial improving over other approaches.


Background/Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine factors influencing self-rated health status in middle-aged women with osteoporosis in Korea.Method/Statistical Analysis: This study carried out secondary analysis using the available data of the 7th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2016-2018). Total subjects are 462 middle-aged women with osteoporosis. The data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics, multiple regression.Findings: Health-related quality of life (p = .045), comorbidity (hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia) (p = .001), body discomfort (p = .038), current alcohol drinking status (p<.001), perceived stress (p<.001), occupation (p<.001) were significantly associated with self-rated health status in middle-aged women with osteoporosis. The regression model for self-rated health status of the subjects was significant(F = 15.622, p<.001), and explanatory power of the overall model was 34.7%. (Adjusted R2 = .347). Based on the results of this study, factors influencing self-rated health status of middle-aged women with osteoporosis in Korea included occupation (p = .011), current alcohol drinking status (p = .024), body discomfort during the past 2 weeks (p = .001), comorbidity (hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia) (p = .030), perceived stress (p = .004), and health-related quality of life (p<.001).Improvements/Applications: The results of this study will be helpful in developing interventions to improve health management and can ultimately improve self-rated health status.


Few researchers have concerned themselves with qualitative gender-comparative studies of women's and men's prison trajectories – particularly appraisals relating to international cross border drug trafficking (ICBDT). Using life history interviews with prisoners incarcerated in three regions of Thailand, we describe, examine and compare the features of women's and men's pathways to prison for ICBDT. Overall, the findings point to both similarities and divergences in experiences by gender. Three pathways to prison emerged for both women and men: (1) 'deviant' lifestyle, (2) economic familial provisioning and (3) inexperience and deception. However, gendered variance was found within these pathways; an additional woman-only trajectory, the romantic susceptibility pathway, was also identified.


It was found that the pretreatment of the hair sample was a crucial factor influencing the accuracy and precision of analytical results of its contents of inorganic elements by FAAS. A mixed acid solution of HNO 3+HClO 4 in the ratio of 8 to 1 was found to be more suitable for the wet-digestion of hair sample than mixed acid solutions of other ratios. In the dry-ashing method of hair samples, the optimum temperature for ashing was found to be less than 600℃.


CaT1, the calcium transport protein 1 encoded by TRPV6, is able to generate a Ca2+ conductance similar but not identical to the classical CRAC current in mucosal‐type mast cells. Here we show that CaT1‐derived Ca2+ entry into HEK293 cells is effectively inhibited either by expression of various dominant negative N‐terminal fragments of CaT1 (N334‐CaT1, N198‐CaT1 and N154‐CaT1) or by antisense suppression. By contrast, the endogenous CRAC current of the mast cells was unaffected by CaT1 antisense and siRNA knockdown but markedly suppressed by two (N334‐CaT1, N198‐CaT1) of the dominant negative N‐CaT1 fragments. Inhibition of CRAC current was not an unspecific, toxic effect, as inward rectifier K+ and MagNuM currents of the mast cells were not significantly affected by these N‐CaT1 fragments. The shortest N154‐CaT1 fragment inhibited CaT1‐derived currents in mast cells, but failed to inhibit CRAC currents. Thus, the structural requirements of rCaT N‐terminal fragments for inhibition of rCaT1 and CRAC channels are different. These results together with the lack of CaT1 antisense and siRNA effects on currents render it unlikely that CaT1 is a component of native CRAC channels in mast cells. The data further demonstrate a novel strategy for CRAC current inhibition by an N‐terminal structure of CaT1.


The aim of the investigation was to obtain a compromise evaluating of the influence of the impurities contained in the slurry on the magnetic properties of the granules, and their wear resistance. We selected the following 10 factors for the composition of the original mixture and the parameters of the technology affecting the magnetic properties and the wear resistance of the granules: XI -- additives 1.0, 5.0, and 9.0% CaCOB; X~ -- addition of 0.5, 0.75, and 1.0% MgO; Xs -- addition of 1.0, 3.5, and 6.0% Cr2Os; X4 - addition of 0.5, 1.75, and 3.0% NiO; Xs -- firing temperature 1150, 1200, and 1250~ X6 -- soaking time at maximum temperature 5~ i0, and 15 min; X7 -- ratio of Fe2Os:BaO equal to 5.0, 5.5, and 6.0 mole/mole; Xs -- addition of 0.2, 0.3, and 0.4% CuO; X9 -- mixing time of batch in electromagnetic mixer (EMM) 1 5, I0, and 15 min; Xl0 -- addition of i.0, 2.5, and 4o0% bentonite. The problem consisted of making a quantitative assessment of the influence of these factors on the stated properties. The optimization parameters were designated as the magnetic permeability and the wear resistance. To assess and resolve the problem thus formulated, we chose an orthogonal plan in the form 2n  3m [2] and carried out 27 parallel experiments. As a result we obtained the following regression equations


It is an established assumption that pattern-based models are good at precision, while learning based models are better at recall. But is that really the case? I argue that there are two kinds of recall: d-recall, reflecting diversity, and e-recall, reflecting exhaustiveness. I demonstrate through experiments that while neural methods are indeed significantly better at d-recall, it is sometimes the case that pattern-based methods are still substantially better at e-recall. Ideal methods should aim for both kinds, and this ideal should in turn be reflected in our evaluations.


The structure of the tRNA‐like 3′ terminus of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) RNA has been studied. A 3′ ‐terminal fragment possessing the tRNA‐like properties was probed with chemical modification and enzymatic digestions. A model of the secondary structure is proposed for the last 105 nucleotides. The corresponding region of other tobamoviral RNAs can be folded in an identical secondary structure. A three‐dimensional model for the tRNA‐like structure is given which is compared with those proposed earlier for the tRNA‐like 3′ termini of turnip yellow mosaic virus (TYMV) RNA and brome mosaic virus (BMV) RNA. A new building principle which we discovered previously by studying the latter RNAs appears to be applied twice in the tRNA‐like structure of TMV RNA. The determination of the minimal length requirement for recognition of CTP, ATP:tRNA nucleotidyl‐transferase reveals a size of ˜100 nucleotides in agreement with the models proposed.


The invention relates to a mobile phone calling system for a taxi, and the mobile phone calling system provided by the invention comprises a taxi terminal, a central server and a mobile phone client, wherein the central server comprises a taxi service sub-system, a user service sub-system and a user information sub-system; the taxi terminal, the central server and the mobile phone client are connected through a mobile communication network; and the taxi service sub-system, the user service sub-system and the user information sub-system are mutually connected. Compared with the prior art, the mobile phone calling system for the taxi has the advantages that the waiting time of a user is reduced, the use ratio of the taxi is increased, and the like.


The TTF is True Type Fonts that is used by Windows and other operation system. In this paper we put forward a superficial discussion for its design idea and structure, and by implementation we display the using of it.


Taking the characteristics of a document as the nodes in network,the weight of an edge is the mutual information between two nodes.Using the Kruskalthe algorthim,a simple Bayesian network-Bayesian spanning tree with the maximum log-liklihood is constructed.By the conditional probability formula,regarding the Bayesian spanning tree as an classifier,the documents in the documents set are classified.The experimental results indicate that this approach is more effective and has higher accuracy than the naive Bayesian classifier.


Purpose
As suggested in many previous studies, good thermal comfort and indoor air quality (IAQ) played a significant role in ensuring human comfort, health and productivity in buildings. Hence, this study aims to evaluate the thermal comfort and IAQ conditions of open-plan office areas within a green-certified campus building through a post occupancy evaluation.

Design/methodology/approach
Using the field measurement method, environmental dataloggers were positioned at three office areas during office hours to measure the levels of thermal comfort parameters, CO2 concentrations and the supply air rates. At the same time, questionnaires were distributed to the available office staff to obtain their perception of the indoor environment. The findings were then compared with the recommended environmental comfort ranges and used to calculate the thermal comfort indices.

Findings
Results show that the physical parameters were generally within acceptable ranges of a local guideline. The neutral temperature based on the actual mean vote at these areas was 23.9°C, which is slightly lower than the predicted thermal neutrality of 25.2°C. From the surveyed findings, about 81% of the occupants found their thermal environment comfortable with high adaptation rates. A preference for cooler environments was found among the workers. Meanwhile, the air quality was perceived to be clean by a majority of the respondents, and the mean ventilation rate per person was identified to be sufficient.

Research limitations/implications
This study focussed on the thermal environment and air quality at selected office spaces only. More work should be carried out in other regularly occupied workplaces and study areas of the green educational building to allow a more thorough analysis of the indoor air conditions.

Practical implications
This paper highlights on the thermal comfort and air quality conditions of the air-conditioned office spaces in a green-certified campus building and is intended to assist the building services engineers in effective air conditioning control. The findings reported are useful for thermal comfort, IAQ and subsequently energy efficiency improvements in such building type where adjustments on the air temperature set-point can be considered according to the actual requirements. This study will be extended to other green campus spaces for a more exhaustive analysis of the indoor environment.

Originality/value
There is limited information pertaining to the environmental comfort levels in offices of green campus in the tropics. This study is, therefore, one of the earliest attempts to directly explore the thermal comfort and IAQ conditions in such workplace using both on-site physical measurement and questionnaire survey.


Volume 1 List of Entries Reader's Guide About the Editor Contributors Introduction Entries A Entries B Entries C Volume 2 List of Entries Entry C (Cont) Entry D Entry E Volume 3 List of Entries Entry E (Cont) Entry F Entry G Volume 4 List of Entries Entry G (Cont) Entry H Entry I Entry J Entry K Entry L Volume 5 List of Entries Entry M Entry N Entry O Entry P Volume 6 List of Entries Entry P (Cont) Entry Q Entry R Entry S List of Entries Volume 7 Entry S (Cont) Entry T Entry U Entry V Entry W Entry Z Appendix Index Barter - Clark Farmer Empathy - Clark Farmer Pornography - Clark Farmer Business Judgment Rule - John Holcomb Golden Parachutes - John Holcomb Interest Groups - John Holcomb Nongovernmental Organizations (NGOs) - John Holcomb Political Action Committees (PACs) - John Holcomb Shareholder Resolutions - John Holcomb Shareholders - John Holcomb Airline Deregulation - William Martello Health Maintenance Organizations (HMOs) - William Martello Savings and Loan Scandal - William Martello


We extend previous calculations of mean field dynamos, solving simultaneously the induction and Navier-Stokes equations in three dimensions. The stability of these hydromagnetic dynamos, in which the nonlinearity in the MHD equation comes ultimately from the Lorentz force of the large scale field, is investigated and results compared with previous nonlinear kinematic dynamo models. For small Taylor numbers we do not find any stable solutions, but rather configurations in which global measures of parity and degree of axisymmetry continue to change. For larger Taylor numbers we find that, unlike models in which the nonlinearity is an alpha-quenching, nonaxisymmetric magnetic fields are stable


The effects of combinations of photoperiod and temperature on diapause induction in six species of lacewings (Chrysopidae) from the forest-steppe zone (Russia, 50°N) were examined. Diapause induction in the short day was temperature-independent ill all species, with exception of Chrysopa phyllochroma. In this species the incidence of diapause decreased within the range from 25 to 33°C. The long day prevented diapause only within particular temperature limits, which were species specific. In species with typical long-day photoperiodic response (C. perla, C. septempunctata and Chrysoperla carnea) daily temperature fluctuations were less favourable to diapause induction than constant mean temperature. In C. phyllochroma and C. abbreviata the similar high incidence of diapausing prepupae was induced both by daily natural thermoperiods and constant mean temperature. In experiments carried out under 12-h thermophase: 12-h cryophase conditions it was revealed that photo-thermoperiodic responses of C. phyllochroma were significantly dependent on cryophase temperature, whereas diapause of C. perla was determined mainly by photoperiod. The diversity of seasonal cycles in Chrysopa species and the role of photoperiod and thermoperiod in the development and diapause control in nature are discussed.


Since the 1980s the hosting of mega-events has been a globalised practice in entrepreneurial urban governance. A spectacle that lasts only weeks is portrayed by event promoters as capable of generating legacies for decades. In addition to stimulating the short-term local economy and job market, accelerating urban landscape transformation and raising a city's profile are the two strongest claims made by cities when bidding for hosting rights. However, a careful comparison of the London 2012 and Beijing 2008 Olympics shows that only half of the story has been told. The transformation of the urban landscape and place branding campaigns not only are engendered by, but also engender, the delivery of mega-events; through which standardised Games delivery is enabled and so too the smoothness and profitability of the Games.

What is the implication of this? Data collected from semi-structured interviews and questionnaire surveys conducted in London and Beijing suggest that the festivity derived from hosting mega-events may be temporary, but the implications are not. Through observing the negotiation in Games-led regeneration/development and place branding, this project finds that the standardisation requirement for delivering the Olympic Games provides a shortcut for the standardisation of urban spaces. Cities tend to be planned in a standardised way to maximise their urban growth, irrespective of their social and political settings. In the negotiations between the Olympic Games as a globalising power and host cities' localised aspirations, the repercussion is a standardised, undemocratic urban space.


Specialized dairy cattle under tropical conditions present changes on physiology caused by environmental and handling aspects. These alterations of different functions affect the capacity to express genetic potential of production. The research was carried out at savanna of Bogota, Colombia. Located at 2547 m above sea level, annual mean temperature 13 0C, relative humidity 80 % and annual precipitation685 mm. The study's main objective was to characterize the changes in hematic and hepatic functions of dairy cows during pregnancy, calving and lactation periods and under tropical highland conditions. Forty Holstein Friesian cows were included during their fifth, sixth, seventh and eight months of pregnancy day of calving and weeks 1,2,3, 4,8, 12, and 16 of lactation period. The results showed that hematocrit (HT), hemoglobin (HB), mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and mean corpuscle hemoglobin (MCH), presented significant changes (P <.o5) due to physiological fetal growth. During pregnancy and lactation, weight and concentration of hemoglobin of eritrocites were higher than the values reported by literature, which could indicate a special mechanism of adaptation to the low concentration of atmospheric oxygen in the site of the study. On calving day, a significant increase of HT, HB, MCH, an aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT) and a significant decrease of total protein (TP) and globulins (GLOB) were observed (P<.o5). This can be ascribed to the calving stress and to proteins use for production of colostrum. At birth and at the beginning of lactation significant increases of ASAT were found (P <.o5), a change related to fatty degeneration in liver. Primiparous cows presented the lowest concentrations of TR albumin (ALB), GLOB and urea, as the highest levels of MCV and MCH (p <.o5) pointing out different metabolic status in young animals. The present information describes changes and metabolic adjustments for pregnancy, calving and lactation, of dairy cows. In this way a change in liver functioning that compromises health status of Postpartum cows was detected.


In previous work [1], we developed a method for finding the top-performing Gaussian mixture models for the language recognition. This method orders the models from best-performing to worst-performing using calculated dispersion measures. Multiple dispersion measurements are used to produce multiple rankings of the models, which are combined to produce a ranking from which the top-performing models can be extracted. This method has reduced model testing time, since researchers can determine the top-performing models without evaluating the entire population of models. In this paper we demonstrate the ability of our ranking rule to find the top-performing models for different data sets and performance measures. The performance of our ranking rule is also compared to existing ordinal ranking rules: Kohler [2], Arrow & Raynaud [2], Borda [3], and Copeland [3].


The objective of this project was to observe differences in cell membrane protein and fatty acid profile as well as NaKATPase activity of V. Parahaemolyticus as influenced by high pressure treatments. A pressure sensitive strain of V. Parahaemolyticus (ZJGSMC001) was repeatedly treated with hydrostatic pressures ranging from 80 to 250 MPa, and cells that survived the 250 MPa treatments were selected. Soluble cell member protein and fatty acid profiles of the pressure resistant derivates and their sensitive parent strains were determined using SDS-PAGE electrophoresis and GC-MS method, respectively. The NaKATPase activity of the strains were determined using a commercial assay. Results indicated that when exposed to a pressure at 250MPa culturable cell counts of pressure-resistant strains was ca. 3 logs higher than that of pressure-sensitive strains. The pressure-resistant strains appeared to have a greater amount of soluble cell membrane protein of 35 KDa. The NaKATPase was 83.3% more active than that of pressure-sensitive strains. The ratio of unsaturated vs. saturated fatty acids of cell membrane was 1.03 in the pressure-resistant strains comparing to 1.17 in the pressure-sensitive strains. Results suggest that cell membrane of V. Parahaemolyticus was damaged under treatments with 250 MPa. Cell membrane protein and fatty acid profiles as well as NaKATPase activity may have played a role in mediating the resistance of V. Parahaemolyticus to high pressures. Pressure-resistant strains may have survived the treatments through degradating soluble cell membrane proteins, enhancing the activity of Na+K+ATPase, and increasing the expression of saturated fatty acids.


Sea ice mapping has been significantly improved during the last decade by introduction of Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images. SAR sea ice mapping started with the ERS programme and continued with RADARSAT providing ScanSAR images with operational monitoring capability. From 2003 ENVISAT Advanced SAR (ASAR) images have started to be produced over sea ice areas in the European Arctic and the Baltic Sea. This paper shows preliminary results of case studies with ASAR Wideswath Mode images in the Svalbard area. The case studies include the Svalbard area in winter and spring time where different stages of ice formation werestudied by use of ASAR images and validated by aerial photographs. The Fram Strait ice drift and area flux has been investigated using consecutive wideswath SAR images. The case studies were performed as preparation for new operational ice monitoring products in the ICEMON project which is one of the European Space Agency's service consolidation actions in Global Monitoring for Environment and Security (GMES).


Introduction: gpNMB is an internalizable transmembrane protein overexpressed in 20% of breast cancers, 40% of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and 80% of melanomas. Glembatumumab vedotin (GV; CDX-011) is a novel antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) that delivers the potent cytotoxin monomethyl auristatin E to cancer cells expressing gpNMB. GV is in Phase II clinical trials for TNBC (the pivotal "METRIC" study; NCT01997333) and melanoma (NCT02302339). We investigated the prevalence of gpNMB overexpression in other human cancers to explore the potential for therapeutic benefit of GV beyond TNBC and melanoma. Methods: Tumor and normal tissues were procured (Mosaic Laboratories, CA) under an IRB-reviewed protocol (MOS001) allowing in vitro analysis of remnant, anonymized human samples. The study included 20 pancreatic tumors, 21 normal pancreatic tissues, 20 head & neck (HN Kolb, PBC, 2014). Conclusions: As compared to normal tissue, differential expression of gpNMB in human osteosarcoma, pancreatic, lung, and HN 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 5032.


As a famous goddess of Taoism, Cihang is astonishingly similar to the Guanyin Bodhisattva. The religion of Cihang has deep contact with the Guanyin Bodhisattva of Buddhism. This phenomenon is a result of the fusing of the Three Religions in ancient China. There is a special sex puzzlement in those legends about Cihang goddess. It embodies the message of the evolution of Cihang's image in Chinese ancient religious culture.


This study was conducted to investigate the nitrification of wastewater using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) media immobilized with nitrifying bacteria. The microorganism‐immobilized media used in this study was prepared by mixing 10% (v/v) PVA, 6% (v/v) polyethylene glycol (PEG) and nitrifying microorganism culture solution. Analysis revealed that the nitrification rate when using the microorganism‐immobilized media increased to 49.1, 80.0 and 83.9% as the filling rate increased to 5, 15 and 25%, respectively. The mass transfer rate of the prepared microorganism‐immobilized media was estimated to be 37.69 mg/L·h maximum. The respiration rate was measured in order to compare with the microorganism‐immobilized media and the conventional biological treatment process of anaerobic‐anoxic‐oxic (A2O). Respiration time of sludge and the media were similar, but the respiration rate of the microorganism‐immobilized media (initial 20.8 mg O2/(L·h)) was higher than that of the activated sludge (initial 12.4 mg O2/(L·h)).


Production of poly--hydroxybutyrate (PHB) in fed-batch fermentation was studied. Utilization of carbon for PHB biosynthesis was investigated by using feeding solutions with different ratios of carbon to nitrogen (C/N). It was observed that at a high C/N ratio carbon source was more preferably utilized for PHB accumulation while its consumption for cellular metabolism appeared to be more favored at a low C/N value. A high cell concentration (184 g/l) was achieved when ammonium hydroxide solution was fed to control the pH, which was also utilized as the sole nitrogen source. For the mass production of PHB, two-stage fed-batch operations were carried out where PHB accumulation was observed to be stimulated by switching the ammonium feeding mode to the nitrogen limiting condition. A large amount of PHB (108 g/l) was obtained with cellular content of 80% within 50 hrs of operation.


The in-depth energy conservation of thermal power units is confronting new challenges under the varying operation conditions and ambient constraints.Hence,a concept of energy-consumption benchmark state was proposed to describe the economic performance of thermal power units.According to the mass operation data storage in supervisory information system(SIS) of power units,and based on the data mining method,such as fuzzy rough set(FRS)-based decision table reduction and fuzzy C mean(FCM)-based clustering,the energy-consumption benchmark state was determined under the comparable operation boundary.The method was performed on a 600MW subcritical power unit.The results show that the proposed method is fast,adaptive,recurrent and automatically adjustable under different operation conditions and external constraints of power units.


Problem statement: An organic material is one of the major requirements to improve living environment and the invention of materials need to consider for the best solution. This study presents an experimental investigation on pure porous from Date Palm Fibre (DPF). The effectiveness of sound absorbers depends on structural architecture of this material. This study was conducted to examine the potential of using date palm fibre as sound absorber. The effects of porous layer thicknesses, densities and compression on Acoustic Absorption Coefficient (AAC) of sound absorber using date palm fibre were studied. Approach: Rigid frame Johnson-Allard Model for various sample thicknesses was used in this study. The measurements were conducted in impedance tube on normal incidence acoustic absorption. The date palm fibre was mixed with latex which used for physical treatment on this material. Acoustic absorption behaviour of a porous material with different thicknesses was studied as well as samples with same thickness but different densities. In addition, samples with same properties but different period of compression time were inspected. The tests were in accordance to ISO 10534-2 and ASTM E1050-98 international standards for Acoustic Absorption Coefficient (AAC). Results: The experimental data indicates that two peak values of AAC is 0.93 at 1356Hz for sample with 50 mm thickness, also the AAC at high frequency for same thickness is 0.99 at 4200-4353 Hz that means able to improve acoustic absorption coefficient at low and high frequencies with significant increasing. Meanwhile, another experimental results were acquired for AAC of date palm fibre, with samples thicknesses of 35 mm at different densities .The results show that denser sample (11 Kg m-3) has higher AAC value of 0.83 at 1934- 2250 Hz as compared to less dense sample (9.92 Kg m-3) with AAC value 0.84 at 2443-2587 Hz . Conclusion: Acoustic absorption coefficient AAC of date palm fibre was increased at all frequencies when the thickness of sample was increased, particularly at low frequencies less than 1200 Hz. The introduction of latex on the samples adds stiffness, so that sound can be dissipated significantly as it travels through material. Results from the experimental tests show that date palm fibre has good acoustic properties at low and high frequencies and can be used as an alternative replacement to conventional product. Increasing density of the samples, increase the AAC as well. The innovative acoustic absorption panel has a good potential because they are cheaper and lighter in comparison to asbestos and rock wool industrial materials.


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T h e Workshop was conducted at Tulane University in New Orleans on January 5-7, 1988. Approximately 100 invited scientists from Great Britain, France, Germany, Canada, and the United States participated. The concept of the Workshop originated with the Institute for Naval Oceanography (INO), NSTL, MS. The Organizing Committee consisted of: Dr. James Scoggins, Texas A&M University (Chairman), Dr. Kenneth Davidson, Naval Postgraduate School, Dr. Robert Weller, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Dr. Christopher N.K. Mooers, INO, Dr. Jagadish Shukla, University of Maryland, Dr. William Large, National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR), Dr. Frank O. Bryan, (NCAR), Dr. Jordan Alpert, National Meteorological Center, Mr. David Legler, Florida State University, and Mr. Robert Willems, INO. Committee members were chosen who could represent the WOCE and U.S. TOGA programs; both later became co-sponsors of the Workshop with INO. It was recognized that before the atmosphere and the ocean could be understood as an interacting, coupled system, each part must be understood with emphasis on the air-sea interface. Specifically, the Workshop addressed how to measure and integrate fluxes of heat, moisture, and momentum at the air-sea interface into models, and how to improve the models and their interactions. Objectives of the Workshop were: 1) Review present status of the prescription of atmospheric forcing of the ocean and needs for improvement for routine (operational) data, research data sets, and numerical models; 2) Define the scientific issues, including the status of algorithms and parameterizations; role of boundary layer models, unconventional data, and coupled atmosphereoceanic models; and, clarify limiting factors; and 3) Recommend an overall plan of research on atmospheric forcing of ocean circulation, taking into account the requirements of INO, WOCE, and TOGA. The objectives were addressed by defining seven scientific issues, each of which was considered by a working group composed of about 15 scientists. The issues were: 1) Bulk Parameterization Schemes for Air-Sea Flux Computations; 2) Computation of Global AirSea Flux Climatology; 3) Atmospheric Forecast Model Data Assimilation and Air-Sea Flux Computations; 4) Ocean Model Sensitivity to Atmospheric Forcing; 5) Ocean Surface Boundary Conditions; 6) In Situ Networks; and 7) Satellite Missions. The Workshop consisted of overview or position presentations, poster papers, and extensive working group sessions. The interaction of working groups was encouraged and topics were coordinated through plenary sessions held following each series of working group sessions. Charges to the working groups provided guidelines for discussion. Each working group was asked to review the status of its topic, define significant problems, and recommend a plan of research. A Workshop report detailing the position presentations, poster papers, and working group reports will be published by the by the INO by midsummer. Copies of the report may be obtained by contacting Mr. Robert C. Willems, (601) 688-5737, INO, NSTL, MS, 39529. The Institute for Naval Oceanography is sponsored by the Navy and administered by the Office of the Chief of Naval Research.


The prevalence of diabetes has shown an exponential worldwide rise in recent years [1]. Poor glycemic control results in long-term micro/macrovascular complications, and thus most diabetes organizations recommended good glycemic control (defined as A1c less than 7%) to prevent these complications. However, management of diabetes requires lifelong daily adherence to dietary and exercise plans, frequent blood glucose monitoring, and adherence to medications. This results in higher risk for reduced physical, emotional, and social well-being (in terms of quality of life) among people with diabetes.


This paper combines methods in sociology of elites with those in public policy in order to build a new elite ideal-type (" custodians of the state "). I present the constitutive elements of this elite type – social backgrounds, occupational careers and specializations in sovereign policies sectors, formal position-holding, reputations for policy influence, and not least shared ideas – with what elites actually do in public policy decision process. By applying this approach to French health policy since the early 1980s, I highlight the structure and the increasing importance of this new elite type in the reshaping of French strong state capacity.


Knowledge of the dynamics of propeller wakes is fundamental to design and optimize the next-generation propellers. This work aims at investigating the wake instability of a propeller operating under the heavy loading condition. Modal decomposition techniques are used to analyze the evolution characteristics of the propeller wake achieved by previous numerical simulations using different turbulence models [Wang et al., "Numerical simulation of the wake instabilities of a propeller," Phys. Fluids 33, 125125 (2021)]. Modal analysis is performed on snapshots extracted from improved delay-detached eddy simulations and large eddy simulations of the propeller wake topologies under the high loading condition. In particular, proper orthogonal decomposition and dynamic mode decomposition are employed to identify the modes that play dominant roles in the destabilization physics of the propeller wake. The present study further extends knowledge of propeller wake instability inception mechanisms under heavy loading conditions.


This report summarizes some of the capabilities that have been developed within L-Division related to the use of solar energy for heating of buildings, electrical generation, and/or process heat. To date, these capabilities have been primarily directed towards studies related to the Sohio Process Heat Facility project. However, they would be applicable to a wide variety of solar energy projects, and therefore, are presented for information and review. A stand-alone data acquisition system has been developed for the purpose of measuring instantaneous solar radiation and ambient air temperature. In addition, a compact, mobile calibration system is available to cross-calibrate solar instruments in-situ. Solar radiation data has been collected and analyzed since January 1974. Data are available for total instantaneous insolation, total daily insolation and monthly-average total daily insolation. Several computer codes are available for parametric performance studies of process heat facilities and calculating collection efficiency for a shallow solar pond.


Stages of problem-oriented methodology to support decision-making for semistructured problems are developed in the paper. They include: problem formulation connected with economic process management; semantic analysis of a problem; construction of a set-theoretical model of a problem; analysis of the structure of a model; elimination of hierarchical, vertical and horizontal redundancy; analysis of properties of a model in order to choose a preferable algorithm of creation of an aggregated metric; construction of the aggregated metric; and analysis of the aggregated metric. Stages definition has allowed to create the methodology, which is a logical continuation of ontology analysis of subject domain.


Object of the present invention is to provide an electric device even when not equipped, a user may still be in a seating state, quickly and simply implement the backrest reclined sitting legs and a series of changes, and in order to improve comfort of seats. According to the present invention, the backrest and the leg portion may be interlocked pad seat comprising: a seat portion; backrest, which is backward tilting, and the seat comprising a backrest and a rear end portion of the lower rotary shaft connected frame; foot pad, which binds to the seat portion. Said seat portion comprising: a chassis; first slide member which is slidable back and forth on the chassis, and provided with a first rack on the sliding side; intermediate gear that meshes with the first rack, and by a rotating shaft provided on said chassis; second slide member, which can slide back and forth on the chassis and provided with a second rack that meshes with the intermediate gear, the sliding direction of the first sliding member opposite to the sliding direction.


This paper proposes a reliable network interdiction model with multiple unit costs, which maximizes the minimum arrival cost of the invader to the sink by setting obstacles on some arcs with limited resources in the given network. In other words, given a graph with a source and a sink, several arcs will be selected with limited resources such that each path contains as many weights as possible. This model needs to be transferred into a bilevel program because its constraints can hardly be listed explicitly even for a graph with a moderate size, because the number of paths between any two given points increases exponentially according to the size of the graph. This bilevel model is equivalent to an integer model with a low degree number of constraints by converting the inner programming to a shortest path problem. We first prove that this problem is non-deterministic polynomial-time (NP)-hard. Secondly, we reduce the number of constraints to the first power from the exponential degree by using the dual technique. Lastly, the national railway network is used to show the feasibility of our method.


The aim of the work presented in this thesis is to gain more insight into the diagnostic tools used in patients with low back pain.

In recent years, general practitioners in the Netherlands can refer low back pain patients for MRI of the lumbar spine themselves. However, data on the use of MRI by general practitioners in the Netherlands are still lacking. In the first part of this thesis, we examined how lumbar MRI is currently used by general practitioners in the Netherlands.

Identifying subgroups of patients for whom different treatments are superior has been referred to as the 'Holy Grail' of low back pain research. One of the possible subgroups based on pathoanatomical findings are patients with degeneration of the spine. In the second part of this thesis, we performed an epidemiological study on the characteristics of lumbar disc degeneration.


Background: Little is known about perioperative outcomes after pediatric thyroidectomy. This study was performed to compare perioperative outcomes between children and adults undergoing thyroid cancer surgery using a nationwide inpatient database in Japan. Methods: Using the Japanese Diagnosis Procedure Combination database, we identified patients aged 0 to 40 years with thyroid cancer who underwent thyroidectomy from July 2010 to March 2020. To compare the occurrence of in-hospital morbidities including local complications (e.g., recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis, postoperative bleeding), duration of anesthesia, postoperative length of stay, and total hospitalization costs between children (0–18 years) and adults (19–40 years), we used multivariable logistic regression analysis for the occurrence of in-hospital morbidities and linear regression for other outcomes. Results: For 16,016 eligible patients (666 children vs. 15,350 adults), no significant differences between the two groups were found in any in-hospital morbidity (5.4% vs. 5.9%; adjusted odds ratio [OR], 0.80; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.57–1.14; P=0.23), local complications (5.0% vs. 5.5%; OR, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.55–1.15; P=0.22), recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis (2.1% vs. 2.4%; OR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.45–1.35; P=0.37), or postoperative bleeding (1.7% vs. 1.4%; OR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.53–1.87; P=0.98). Children showed a longer duration of anesthesia (difference, 20 minutes; 95% CI, 13–27; P<0.001) and higher total costs (difference, 445 US dollars; 95% CI, 239–651; P<0.001) than adults. Conclusion: This large nationwide cohort study showed no significant difference in perioperative complications between children and adults undergoing thyroid cancer surgery.


The yarn elongation model proposed in Part I is examined for applicability to mixtures of different cottons. The results show that this model can be used to accurately estimate the elongation of high twist singles ring spun produced from mixtures of different cottons.


The aim of this study was to assess the accuracy of double‐contrast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with rectal application of the superparamagnetic iron oxide contrast agent (SPIO) ferristene and IV gadodiamide for preoperative staging of rectal cancer. In a randomized phase II dose‐ranging trial, 113 patients were studied preoperatively with one of four different formulations of ferristene (Abdoscan) as an enema before MRI. T1‐weighted spin‐echo (T1w SE) and T2w turbo spin‐echo (TSE) single‐contrast images were obtained as well as T1w SE and gradient‐echo (GRE) double‐contrast images after IV gadodiamide injection (Omniscan). Images were assessed qualitatively, and TNM tumor stage was compared with histopathology. High‐viscosity ferristene formulations were superior to low‐viscosity formulations in tumor staging (accuracy 90% vs 74%, P < 0.01). There was no significant difference between high and low iron content ferristene. MRI had a sensitivity of 97%, specificity of 50%, and accuracy of 82% for staging of rectal carcinoma higher than T2 stage. At receiver operator characteristic (ROC) analysis, MR differentiation between T1/T2 and T3/T4 tumor stages yielded a ROC index of 0.848. Double‐contrast MRI is an accurate method for preoperative staging of rectal cancer. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2000;12:651–660. © 2000 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


AbstractThe periodic zeta-function ζ(s; a), s = σ + it is defined for σ > 1 by the Dirichlet series with periodic coefficients and is meromorphically continued to the whole complex plane. It is known that the function ζ(s; a), for some sequences a of coefficients, is universal in the sense that its shifts ζ(s + iτ ; a), τ ∈ ℝ, approximate a wide class of analytic functions. In the paper, a weighted universality theorem for the function ζ(s; a) is obtained.


: Based on the problem of how to avoid obstacles and make the shortest path planning when the sweeping robot encounters obstacles in the cleaning process, this paper designs an algorithm for the path length of a single obstacle, calculates it separately by using MATLAB software, and finally obtains the shortest path for the sweeping robot to avoid obstacles from the starting point of sweeping area to the target end point by comprehensive comparison.


The Complete Vocal Technique defines four vocal modes: Neutral, Curbing, Overdrive, and Edge. This paper report the result of a listening test involving 59 subjects. The goal has been to find the importance of onset and decay features when identifying the vocal modes. The conclusion is that the onset only to a minor degree is responsible for the aural detection of vocal modes.


TKA is one of the most common orthopaedic operations performed worldwide and it is largely successful in pain relief and functional recovery. However, when pain persists post-operatively the thorough evaluation must be instituted. Extra-articular causes of knee pain include; hip pathology, lumbar spine degenerative disease or radicular symptoms, focal neuropathy, vascular disease, and chronic regional pain syndrome. Intra-articular causes of knee pain: infection, crepitation/ clunk, patella osteonecrosis, patella mal-tracking, soft tissue imbalance, malalignment, arthrofibrosis, component loosening, implant wear, ilio-tibial band irritation, and bursitis. Other causes of pain to rule out are component overhang with soft tissue irritation, recurrent hemarthrosis secondary to synovial impingement or entrapment, non-resurfaced patella, and metal sensitivity. A careful history may reveal previous knee surgeries with delayed healing or prolonged drainage, chronology of sign and symptoms, co-morbid medical conditions, jewel or metal sensitivity. Physical exam should help with specific signs in the operated knee. Targeted local anesthetic blocks are helpful and response to lumbar sympathetic blocks determines presence of CRPS. Lab tests are important: ESR, CRP, WBC, aspiration with manual cell count and diff, leukocyte esterase dipstick, RA titers, metal derm patch testing, nuclear scans, CT best for rotational malalignment,, and MARS MRI. More recently patient satisfaction as an outcome measure has shown TKA results not satisfactory in 11 – 18% of patients. A discordance of patient vs. surgeon satisfaction exists so the following factors may help improve this: correct patient selection, establishing and correlating surgeon-patient expectations, peri-operative optimisation of patient comorbidities to help avoid preventable complications, use of pre- and post-operative pathways. Satisfaction rates can best be improved by addressing the previous points with patients prior to TKA surgery.


SUMMARY
Autologous retransfusion of filtered drained blood is widely used after total hip (THA) and knee arthroplasty (TKA) in many countries. Despite its wide use, prospective studies on clinical side effects with a substantial number of patients have not been published. In this prospective clinical trial, 1819 consecutive patients in 38 hospitals were retransfused using a low-suction drainage autologous blood transfusion system, after THA (n = 995) or TKA (n = 824). The occurrence of adverse events during retransfusion of the filtered shed blood was studied. An average of 460 mL of drained blood (THA, 374 mL; TKA, 563 mL) was retransfused within 6 hours postoperatively. The frequency of serious adverse events was 0.1%, which concerned two patients: one had a short asystole during reinfusion that responded quickly to medication; and the other with a history of deep vein thrombosis had pulmonary embolism. By way of non-serious adverse events, febrile reactions (fever, shivering) were observed in 3.1% of the patients during retransfusion. Clot formation was observed in the drained blood in six (0.3%) patients; therefore, retransfusion was not carried out. These minor adverse events were seen more often after TKA (5.8%) than after THA (1.5%). Nine (0.5%) patients were retransfused with volumes above 1500 mL (average 1657, range 1550–1900), without adverse events. Additional allogenic blood transfusions were required by 18% of the THA and 9% of the TKA patients. In this study, few adverse events were detected during retransfusion. The frequency of serious (0.1%) and minor (3.5%) adverse events was similar to other smaller clinical studies. Based on the low incidence of side effects in this large cohort of orthopedic patients, postoperative cell salvage with such a retransfusion system is considered to be safe.


This study investigated the effect of curcumin on the expression of wound healingrelated genes including TGF-β1 and VEGF in human gingival fibroblasts. The cytotoxicity of curcumin was determined by MTT assay. Then, cells were treated with non-cytotoxic concentrations of curcumin for 24 hours and the level of gene expression was determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Curcumin at 0.120 μM caused no significant change in cell viability while 30 and 50 μM curcumin are cytotoxic. Curcumin dose dependently increased the TGF-β1 expression while 1 μM curcumin is the optimal concentration for inducing VEGF expression. However, no statistically significant difference was found in any of these inductions. In conclusion, curcumin may regulate the expression of genes involved in wound healing in human gingival fibroblasts but further investigation is needed.


Therapeutic and prophylactic effects of immunomodifiers ridostin, reaferon, and polyribonate used alone and in various combinations were assessed in experiments on guinea pigs infected with Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis (VEE) (strain Trinidad), Marburg (strain Popp), and Ebola (M/C-8 variant of Zaire strain) viruses at doses 5 to 20 respiratory LD50 through the respiratory airways. Urgent prophylactic simultaneous intramuscular and intranasal administration of ridostin protected the animals infected with Marburg virus (p = 0.1) and prolonged their life span by 2.4 days (p = 0.15). In Ebola infection a combination of ridostin and reaferon appreciably prolonged the mean life span: by 2.9 days (p = 0.04). In VEE ridostin alone or in combination with reaferone appreciably increased the share of survivors; ridostin with reaferon and polyribonate notably prolonged the mean life span of infected animals. None of these drugs or combinations produced an appreciable therapeutic effect in any of the studied infections.


We describe in situ neutron reflectivity measurements on spin cast films of 10% osmium-functionalised polyvinylpyridine exposed to aqueous solutions. These measurements provide the spatial distributions, perpendicular to the electrode / polymer interface, of polymer and solvent components within the film. Under all circumstances studied, the films comprise a dense (high polymer volume fraction) interior and a diffuse (high solvent volume fraction) exterior region. As the solution pH is decreased from 6 to 3 to 1 (corresponding to ca. 0%, 50% and 100% protonation of unfunctionalised pyridine units) the films swell The extent of swelling is markedly greater in p-toluenesulphonate media than in perchlorate media. Partial substitution of unfunctionalised vinylpyridine units with styrene makes the films significantly more hydrophobic, so that these swelling effects are decreased in magnitude. Thus the combined effects of solution composition (pH and anion) and polymer composition (inclusion of co-monomer) offer the prospect of controlling film solvation at a pre-determined level.


It is thought that the early Moon was subjected to a large number of impact events during a period of time (~3.9 billion years ago) known as the Late Heavy Bombardment (LHB) [1], [2]. The LHB hypothesis has shaped our current understanding of the early impact history of the solar system. However, the exact nature and timing of this process is disputed, and resolution relies on collection and interpretation of precise and robust age data. We have characterized zircon grains from lunar impact breccias via optical microscopy, cathodoluminescence imaging, electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) mapping and SHRIMP U-Pb dating. EBSD mapping reveals that most grains preserve a range of different microstructures that can be attributed to impact-related shock deformation/metamorphism [3]. We establish a conceptual shock deformation model that can be used to recognize single or multiple shock events in zircon [3]. Localized resetting of U-Pb system associated with the development of impact-related microstructures in these zircon grains provides a means of dating impact events [4], [5], [6], [7]. These data plus U-Pb ages from zircon grown within impact melts shows that lunar zircon grains preserve both a microstructural and an isotopic record of pre-3.9 Ga impact events on the Moon [4], [5], [6], [7]. An alternative explanation to LHB hypothesis is that the lunar impact history involved prolonged bombardment from 4.4 to 3.9 Ga. References: [1] Tera F. et al. 1974. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 22:1-21 [2] Ryder G. et al. 1990. EOS Transactions, 71:313 [3] Timms N. E. et al. 2012. Meteoritics & Planetary Science 47:120-141. [4] Nemchin A. A. et al. 2009. Nature Geoscience 2:133-136. [5] Grange M. L. et al. 2009. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 73:3093-3107. [6] Grange M. L. et al. 2011. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 75:2213-2232. [7] Nemchin A. A. et al. 2012. Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 59(2). 5172.pdf 75th Annual Meteoritical Society Meeting (2012)


The invention discloses a wireless transmission speed adjustment method used for adjusting a wireless transmission speed of a wireless transmission device. The method comprises the steps of making the wireless transmission device enter a speed adjustment mode from a normal operation mode; transmitting a plurality of test packets according to a first modulation coding architecture, and if the transmission is done successfully based on the first modulation coding architecture, returning to the normal operation mode and transmitting data according to the first modulation coding architecture; if the transmission can not be carried out successfully, keeping in the rate adjustment mode and transmitting the plurality of testing packets according to a second modulation coding architecture, and judging whether the transmission is done successfully according to a preset condition; if the transmission is done successfully according to the second modulation coding architecture, returning to the normal operation mode and transmitting the data based on the second modulation coding architecture; and if the transmission can not be carried out successfully based on the second modulation coding architecture, returning to the normal operation mode and transmitting the data according to an original transmission rate or the first modulation coding architecture.


Submitted for the MAR07 Meeting of The American Physical Society Cluster Morphology and Aggregation Kinetics in Dense Aerosols RAJAN DHAUBHADEL, AMITABHA CHAKRABARTI, CHRISTOPHER SORENSEN, Kansas State University — We studied the cluster morphology and kinetics of an aggregating aerosol system using the small angle light scattering technique. Exploding a mixture of a hydrocarbon gas and oxygen in closed chamber generated a system of aggregating soot particles. The soot particles started as individual monomers, ca. 38 nm radius, grew to bigger clusters with time and finally stopped evolving after spanning a network across the whole system volume. The gelled clusters showed a hybrid morphology with a lower fractal dimension at length scales of a micron or smaller and a higher fractal dimension at length scales greater than a micron. The study of the kinetics of the aggregating system showed that the system gelled when the homogeneity λ attained a value 0.4 or higher. The aggregation kernel K appearing in SE was also determined using the light scattering data.. The observed data indicated a slight increase in K value when the system was denser. Rajan Dhaubhadel Kansas State University Date submitted: 20 Nov 2006 Electronic form version 1.4


AA6062 and ST1020 materials are used to perform friction stir spot welding (FSSW). In this experiment, the mechanical and microstructural characteristics of the welded joint were determined using a square-head tip tool. To enhance the life of the welded joint, three essential process parameters, namely tool speed, dwell time, and plunge depth were employed with four levels. The L16 orthogonal array was adapted for experimental work to develop a process parameter table. A tensile test was performed for a larger better value to predict the strength of the welded joint, and the value is 5.65 kN. The outcome shows that dwell time is a more prominent parameter than tool speed and plunge depth. The optimal combination of welding parameters is a dwell time of 24 s, a tool rotational speed of 1200 rpm, and a plunge depth of 0.8 mm; dwell time contributes 39.66%, followed by a plunge depth 35.7%, and at last, tool speed 6.171%. Furthermore, to determine the optimum level of parameters. The microstructure of this joint was observed with respect to heat dissipation and changes in grain size. Microstructure studies were carried out to see the area under stir zone for workpieces with high and low tensile strength. This work was validated using the response surface method (RSM). The RSM results are very close to the experimental results.


ABSTRACT Recent studies have revealed the contribution of TRIM5α to retrovirus restriction in cells from a variety of primate species. TRIM5α consists of a tripartite motif (the RBCC domain) followed by a B30.2 domain. The B30.2 domain is thought to be involved in determination of restriction specificity and contains three variable regions. To investigate the relationship between the phylogeny of primate TRIM5α and retrovirus restriction specificity, a series of chimeric TRIM5α consisting of the human RBCC domain followed by the B30.2 domain from various primates was constructed. These constructs showed restriction profiles largely consistent with the origin of the B30.2 domain. Restriction specificity was further investigated with a variety of TRIM5αs containing mixed or mutated B30.2 domains. This study revealed the importance of all three variable regions for determining restriction specificity. Based on the molecular structures of other PRYSPRY domains solved recently, a model for the molecular structure of the B30.2 domain of TRIM5α was developed. The model revealed that the variable regions of the B30.2 domain are present as loops located on one side of the B30.2 core structure. It is hypothesized that these three loops form a binding surface for virus and that evolutionary changes in any one of the loops can alter restriction specificity.


This thesis covers the study of the condition of modern man based on Jean-Paul Sartre's existentialism. Man should find his own existence since his existence in the world is doubtful. Considering this. Sartre wants to portray this condition through his main character, Antoine Roquentin, in his novel Nausea. The writer is curious to know how Antoine Roquentin's search for his meaning of life reflects Sartre's idea of existentialism. The problem that happens to Antoine Roquentin is the problem of the modern man who is searching for the meaning of his life. Through Antoine Roquentin, the writer wants to show that man who lives in the 20th century has a problem with his existence, loneliness and nothingness. This problem disturbs Antoine that he undergoes a long journey searching for the meaning of his life. In his search, he finally finds the meaning of his life, that is his existence.


The unsteady combustion of a homogeneous solid propellant is studied, focusing the problem of intrinsic instability. The governing conservation equations are directly solved numerically, without making the usual assumptions of linearity and quasi-steady gas-phase. It is shown that combustion becomes intrinsically unstable leading to limit-cycle oscillations in burn rate, at critical values of the Denison–Baum stability parameters. Calculations for finite-amplitude pressure driven combustion indicate two distinct resonant modes, (a) the first one near the natural frequency as obtained from intrinsic instability analysis, and (b) a high-frequency second mode. It is found that the first mode is a result of solid phase unsteadiness, while the second mode is a result of gas-phase unsteadiness. Examination of frequency response reveals that the role of gas-phase thermal inertia is, 1) stabilizing near the first mode, but 2) destabilizing near the second mode. Finally, the effects of mean pressure and amplitude of pressure oscillations on pressure frequency response function are studied.


Results of calorimetric determinations are reported for a mixture containing approximately 51 mole % propane in methane. Measurements were made with both isobaric and throttling flow calorimden in the liquid, critical, gaseous, and two-phase regions in the temperature range from -250" to +300"F. at pressures of between 100 and 2,000 Ib./sq. in. abs. Tables of experimental values of heat capacity, Joule-Thomson coefficient, and isothermal throttling coefficient are presented, and the values of C, and -+ are summarized on parametric plots. Experimental values of enthalpy differences within the two-phase region determined under both isobaric and isothermal conditions are also reported together with the experimentally determined phase boundary data. A skeleton enthalpy table is presented which is based almost entirely on experimental data obtained in this investigation. Comparisons are made with other published calorimetric data and with calculations based on PVT data. This article summarizes additional results in the continuing effort to obtain accurate experimental data on the thermal properties of light hydrocarbons, fixed gases, and their mixtures. It is anticipated that such data will serve to improve engineering design calculation not only by presenting accurate data but also by providing a firm basis for testing and extending methods of predicting the enthalpy of such materials. All available literature data on methane, propane, and their mixtures have been summarized in previous publications (17, 19 21, 25, 26, 36). No additional calorimetric data have been noted since the last of the above reports (36) was presented. THERMODYNAMIC RELATIONS


Mobile Ad Hoc networks (MANET) are highly dependant on the different types of nodes and the physical network environment. During the research on MANET, simulation can reflect only a partial behavior for the new protocols in the reallife. Deploying real-life MANET is therefore an indispensable complementary step for the advancement of MANET. This paper presents a Java-based secure MANET application framework——J-SMAF, which brings the intrusion detection system into the flexible and extensible application framework. With J-SMAF, people could build healthy and secure MANET real-life evaluation test-bed and application system easily on different platforms and in various environments.


firstname.lastname@example.com The problem of treatment of surgical infection of soft tissues against the background of diabetes mellitus continues to be relevant. It is associated that acute suppurative inflammation of skin and soft tissues processes are frequent complications of diabetes mellitus that significantly exacerbates the development of the disease and makes threat of infection generalization with expansion of the area of purulent necrotic changes. This leads to catastrophic growing of hyperglycemia, glucosuria, and ketoacidosis. Purulent septic complications remain a serious clinical and epidemiological problem. The need of differentiated approach in the treatment of these patients has been demonstrated on 144 patients with surgical infections of different localization and the focus is given on emphasizing a tiered approach in the diagnosis and treatment of patients with diabetes mellitus. Treatment of patients admitted to the center for the second time is carried out in primary care and the reasons for the development of complications are analyzed. For reasons given, the necessity for an integrated approach using the classification of levels of soft tissue damage and the development of algorithms of local treatment have been stressed.


Cases of trephining the spinal canal, more especially for paraplegia due to Pott's disease or traumatism, have on several occasions during the last few years been brought before the profession. Taking first the question of Pott's disease, we find that in 1888 Professor Macewen brought forward 1 two cases of paraplegia, due to the pressure of connective tissue tumours at the seat of angular curvature of the spine. The first case was that of a boy aged 9, with complete sensory and motor paraplegia, with incontinence of urine and faeces existing for


The article describes the structure and the content of the realization process model of the informational and communicative educational technologies pedagogical potential in a military higher school. The main elements of the offered model are as follows: the realization process objective, its principles and main stages which reflect their functional dynamics, and necessary pedagogical conditions.


A proof of principle experiment is underway at the UCLA Neptune laboratory to test the concept of generating linearly ramped relativistic electron bunches (rising in density from head to tail followed by a sharp cutoff) by using a sextupole‐corrected dogleg section as a bunch compressor. Bunches with this structure have been predicted to be ideal for use as a plasma wake‐field drive beam. The diagnostic being developed to measure the time profile of the beam is an X‐Band (9.6 GHz) deflecting cavity. The recently completed cavity is a 9‐cell standing wave structure operating in a TM110‐like mode, designed to measure the temporal structure of the 2 to 10 ps, 14 MeV electron bunches generated by the Neptune S‐band photoinjector and plane‐wave transformer (PWT) accelerator beamline, with 50 fs resolution. We discuss the experimental plan for the ramped bunch experiment and present preliminary data related to the tuning and operation of the deflecting cavity.


Objectives : The purpose of this survey research was to investigate the relationship among oral health State, behavior and knowledge of oral health of patients who participate in dental hygiene students voluntarily. Methods : The subject in this were patients who got a scaling at the oral hygiene practice lab in the department of dental hygiene in S university dental clinic from April 1 to May 31, 2010. For the data analysis, an SPSS WIN 11.5 program was used and its signification level was 0.05. Results : 1. For the oral health state according to sex distinction, it showed the men`s 0.78 MT index was higher than women`s 0.48 MT index and statistically significant difference. For FT index, women(4.72) was higher than men(3.50) and it showed statistically significant difference(p<0.05). 2. For the oral health state according to age distinction, DT index of under 20years(2.44) was higher than the others and it showed statistically significant difference(p<0.05). 3. For the oral health state according to marriage distinction, not married DT index(1.59) was higher than married DT index(2.56) and it showed statistically significant difference(p<0.05). 4. For the oral health behavior according to age distinction, 87.0% 20~29years patients replied as I have experience of my teeth scaled and it showed statistically significant difference. 18.5% more than 30 years replied as I use interdental brush and it showed statistically significant difference. 18.5% more than 30 years replied as I use powered brush and it showed statistically significant difference(p<0.05). 5. For the oral health state according to oral health behavior distinction, there were significant difference that regular visit of dental clinic, experience of teeth scaled, toothbrushing, oral hygiene device(p<0.05). 6. For the oral health state according to oral health knowledge distinction, there were significant difference that toothbrushing time after each meal, appropriate toothbrushing time, toothbrushing method, dental caries foods(p<0.05). Conclusions : I suggest with the result of the study that there was a very close relationship between oral health status , behavior and knowledge of oral health. Therefore student of the dental hygiene should be encouraged to pay more attention to oral health care of the patient, and they should be well educated oral health care personnels who volunteers in practice for oral prophylaxis.


Different morphological forms and growth patterns of filamentous fungi as (mycelia, clumps, and pellets) have been observed in industrial processes. The aim of this study was to optimize and investigate the growth and morphology of Pleurotus ostreatus for fungal pellets formation by modifying various cultivation conditions. Factors such as types of fungal culture media (Kirk's and Malt extract mediums), temperature (25, 28, 32°C), pH (4.5, 5.5, 6.5), cultivation agitation rate (100–130-150rpm), type of carbon sources, levels of fungal inoculum, the presence of additive agents and trace metals were screened for their effect to formulate two types of pellets (simple and complex (hybrid)). Also activity of two ligninolytic enzymes (laccase, manganese peroxidase) was evaluated in both the simple and complex pellets in modified Kirk's medium. Among all various factors, pH, agitation rate, preparation of fungal inoculum and appropriate time for adding the carbon sources were detected as the most influential factors. According to the results uniform pellets were formed only at pH 5.5 for both types of pellets. Fungal pellets size showed an inverse correlation with the agitation rate of culture. Moreover the formation of pellets remained unaffected by additive agents except with peptone. Measuring the enzymatic activity (laccase and manganese peroxidase) of fungal pellets also revealed that complex pellets have more capability to secrete remarkable amounts of such lignin-degrading enzymes in compared to simple pellets. Based on evidences, fungal pellets of P. ostreatus almost can be formed directly from hyphae and spore aggregation may not be an essential step.


Drawing on the archive of his son, this splendid large-format volume features exclusive and previously unpublished works and documents from the famous Russian Constructivist Yakov Chernikhov. Some 60 tables of typefaces, 50 drawings and sketches, 200 ornaments, as well as diary excerpts and photos from the private family album make this book an exceptional, historical record of Chernikhov's work and ideas.


Does International Law have anything to offer to the 'poorest of the poor'? The short answer to this question is: yes, potentially. So far, however, it has offered very little. Indeed, international law is unlikely to offer very much at all if we continue to approach the question of poverty in the way we have for the past sixty years, let along since the end of the Cold War.


Yield of wheat exposed in the field during the grain-filling stage to brief episodes of high (but sub- lethal) temperature is reduced as a consequence of lower single grain weight due mainly to diminished accumulation of starch. To simulate these effects, ears of wheat were enclosed in a transparent box midway through the grain filling stage and heated (35oC day/25oC night) above ambient conditions (21oC day/16oC night) for periods of up to 7 days. Afterwards the ears were returned to ambient conditions. Two cultivars known to differ in their tolerance of high temperature were compared. Final single grain dry weight of the more tolerant cultivar (Kalyansona) was not significantly affected by exposure to heat, but it was reduced in cv. Sun 9E by approximately 15.5% after 7 days of exposure. Rate of grain filling in the cool conditions following previous exposure to high temperature was also substantially slower in both cultivars than it was in ears that had not been heated. Following transfer from hot to cool conditions, the amounts of fructose and the concentration of UDP-glucose returned to control levels. On the other hand, quantities of sucrose in the grain of ears that had been heated rose higher than in ears that had been kept continuously in cooler conditions. Thus any effects of high temperature at the sucrose synthase step appeared to be readily reversible, and both cultivars responded similarly. Cultivar-dependent responses were observed however in effects on the concentrations of hexose phosphates and ADP-glucose. After only one hot day the concentration of G-6-P, F-6-P and G-1-P returned to control levels following transfer to the cooler environment. After 2 or more days the concentrations of these metabolites did not recover in cv. Sun 9E but recovery was observed in cv. Kalyansona after 2 or 4 days' exposure, but not after 7 hot days. Last, concentrations of ADP-glucose in the cultivar of which starch deposition was reduced most at high temperature (Sun 9E) rose more after transfer from high to low temperature than was the case in the more tolerant cultivar (Kalyansona), and ADP-glucose concentrations fell more in the latter than in the former cultivar as a consequence of 7 days at high temperature. It is suggested that more than one action of temperature could be involved in the cultivar-dependent responses to high temperature: effects on starch synthase activity as well as on the metabolism and possibly transport of hexose phosphates are possibilities in accordance with the information available.


A stochastic model is presented, based on a double process of temporal drift and random disturbance, to fit the evolution of cross-country distribution of income and economic activity. Instead of assuming a steady state as is standard practice, a long run stationary equilibrium distribution is hypothesized, around which economic activity fluctuates. An empirical application comparing dynamics of growth in Asia and Europe tests the validity of the proposed method. In particular, results point out that the distribution of income and economic activity is approaching a long run equilibrium at a faster rate in the case of Asia, and that the dispersion of the distribution is shrinking over time above all in the case of Europe. Main implications are supportive of the convergence hypothesis, and suggest that diffusion may be a potential technique for the analysis of growth dynamics.


Optical textures characteristic of cholesteric and columnar structures were simul- taneously detected for the first time in the same mesophase of a liquid crystal. However, X-ray diffraction measurements show that the mesophase under consideration is smectic A in nature. We show here that the compound presents, indeed, a twist grain boundary (TGB) phase within a large temperature range, and we propose an explanation of the supramolecular organization in this phase.


With certain exceptions, when the bankruptcy is discharged (or the court grants an annulment), a bankrupt is released from all unsecured debts incurred before the commencement of the bankrupcty.


A field experiment was conducted during Kharif season of 2015 at Crop Research Centre Chirauri, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut (U.P.) The experimental soil was low in organic carbon, nitrogen and medium in available P and K. The experiment was conducted in RBD with three replications comprising fifteen weed management practices viz. Imazethapyr @ 70 g ha-1 as pre plant incorporation, Imazethapyr @ 80 g ha-1 as pre plant incorporation, Imazethapyr @ 70 g ha-1 as pre emergence, Imazethapyr @80 g ha-1 as pre emergence, Imazethapyr @ 70 g ha-1 at 3-4 leaf Stage, Imazethapyr @ 80 g ha-1 at 3-4 leaf Stage, Imazethapyr +imazemox (RM) @ 70 g ha-1 as pre emergence, Imazethapyr +imazemox (RM) @ 80 g ha-1 as pre emergence, Imazethapyr +imazemox (RM) @ 70 g ha-1 at 3-4 leaf Stage, Imazethapyr +imazemox (RM) @ 80 g ha-1 at 3-4 leaf Stage, Pendimethalin @ 1000 g ha-1 as pre emergence, Imazethapyr + Pendimethalin (RM)@ 1000 g ha-1 as pre emergence, Hand weeding at 20&40 DAS, Weed free and Weedy check. All the weed control treatments had significant effect on the grain yield, straw yield, boilogical yield and horwest index. Over the all treatments weedy check and hand weeding at 20 and 40 DAS showed possitive effect on yield parameters fallowed by POE application of imazethapyr + imazemox (RM) @ 80 g ha-1.


Glioblastoma (GBM) is associated with systemic and intratumoral immunosuppression. Part of this immunosuppression is mediated by myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). Preclinical evidence shows that ibrutinib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor FDA approved for use in chronic lymphocytic leukemia and known to be CNS penetrant, can decrease MDSC generation and function. Also, focal radiation therapy (RT) synergizes with anti-PD-1 therapy in mouse GBM models. Thus, we aimed to test the combination of these approaches on immune activation and survival in a preclinical immune-intact GBM mouse model.

 C57BL/6 mice intracranially implanted with the murine glioma cell line GL261-Luc2 were divided into 8 groups consisting of treatments with ibrutinib, RT (10 Gy SRS), or anti-PD-1 individually or in each combination (along with a no treatment control group). Immune cell subset changes (flow-cytometry) and animal survival (Kaplan-Meier) were assessed (n=10 mice per group).

 Median survival of the following groups including control (28 days), ibrutinib (27 days), RT (30 days) or anti-PD-1 (32 days) showed no significant differences. However, a significant improvement in median survival was seen in mice given combinations of ibrutinib+RT (35 days), ibrutinib+anti-PD-1 (38 days), and triple therapy with ibrutinib+RT+anti-PD-1 (48 days, p < 0.05) compared to controls or single treatment groups. The reproducible survival benefit of triple combination therapy was abrogated in the setting of CD4+ and CD8+ T cell depletion. Contralateral intracranial tumor re-challenge in long-term surviving mice suggested generation of tumor-specific immune memory responses. The immune profile of the tumor microenvironment (TME) showed increased cytotoxic CD8+ T cells and decreased MDSCs and regulatory T cells in the triple combination therapy mice compared to controls.

 The combination of ibrutinib, focal RT, and anti-PD-1 immune checkpoint blockade led to a significant survival benefit compared to controls in a preclinical model of GBM.


We consider a Brownian particle moving on a ring. We study the probability distributions of the total number of turns and the net number of counter-clockwise turns the particle makes until time t. Using a method based on the renewal properties of a Brownian walker, we find exact analytical expressions of these distributions. This method serves as an alternative to the standard path integral techniques which are not always easily adaptable for certain observables. For large t, we show that these distributions have Gaussian scaling forms. We also compute large deviation functions associated to these distributions characterizing atypically large fluctuations. We provide numerical simulations in support of our analytical results.


Gamma ray multiplicities and the (HI,xn) cross sections for the dominan1 reaction channel were measured at near-barrier bombarding energies for the systems a+'%n and "C+""Sm. The mean value of the spin distribution of the compound nucleus was obtained for each of the systems studied. The results of thesr measurements together with the results of an earlirr study on '"O+ '%n indicate that at bombarding energies near and below the Coulomb barrier the spin distributions of the compound nucleus are broader than the triangular distributions enpected from a Sharp cutoff model, these deviations being larger for the more massivr projectiles. The differrnt behavior of the thrce rystems clearly indicates the importance of thr centrifuga1 harria penetrability in determining thc spin distribution of the compound nucleus. The absolutc values of the mean angular momentum can be accounted for if ene also includrs deformation effects. A ene-dimensional barrier-penetradon model including the effect of averaging over the orientadon of the deformed target can account for the experimental results.


Informações do artigo: Melina Boratto Urtado melinaborattourtado@gmail. com Recebido em: 26/11/2019 Aceito em: 11/09/2020 In 1920, Lev Vladimirovitch Kuleshov reported that the emotional context juxtaposed with the neutral face could affect the face perception making it reported as emotional. In the cinema area, this phenomenon was denominate of Kuleshov effect. The existence of the effect is scientifically questionable, and neuroscientists are engaged in validating the Kuleshov effect. In this article we will summarize the different experimental models that have been used in the investigation of the Kuleshov effect and the results found so far through the scientific method; more precisely in experimental and neuroscience research.The results of these studies show some evidence, however, there is no complete proof of the Kuleshov effect.


Since 1990 the University of Massachusetts Microwave Remote Sensing Laboratory has been actively developing innovative millimeter-wavelength radars intended specifically for atmospheric remote sensing. These instruments take advantage of several major technological developments that have only recently become commercially available: (1) compact, high-power extended interaction klystron amplifiers (EIAs) suitable for operation in the 35 and 95 GHz atmospheric transmission windows; (2) solid-state, low-loss switches, allowing pulse-to-pulse polarization agility; (3) commercial data acquisition and signal processing hardware designed for the industry standard VXI-bus.


The snare technique has been used for the removal of ureteral stents. I f, however , a stent has migrated to the upper or lower pole calyx , snaring-due to close contact between the stent and the calyceal mucosa or narrow space of the renal calyx-is impossible. By using the second suare technique , which involves snaring the previously inserted guidewire , the large renal pelvic space can be used for the removal of a migrated ureteral stent. We deseribe two cases and discuss the safety and efficacy of this technique.


in markets? Grossman's clear and refreshing piece concludes with serious predictions of her own ('if only so future generations can look back and make fun of me'; p. 195) and notes that choices about how to describe the internet or about its future are not all binary; there are viable alternatives to 'free cryptography or none' to 'public or private' to 'white hat or black hat'. The desire to move beyond the anxieties induced by such binary reductionism is one more praiseworthy aspect of these essays. 'Surfin' the Net: Children, Parental Obsolescence and Citizenship' by Sarah Banet-Weiser responds to the dichotomizing impulse. Douglas Thomas's 'Rethinking the Cyberbody: Hackers, Viruses and Cultural Anxiety' does so as well. Both essays show dichotomous thinking – computers are safe or bad, they make healthy bodies or unhealthy ones – helps to 'spin' these technologies to produce social anxiety and encourage resistance to changing the social order. Other essays treat spiritual matters, PR 'spin', sexual minorities, virtual community, place and globalization. Although the authors are overwhelmingly academics, the essays are clear and readable, and although most of the essays are more historical and qualitative or anecdotal, a small number take a quantitative approach. Most began with the 1998 University of Southern California conference, 'Technological Visions: Utopian and Dystopian Perspectives' but they are not dated. Individual essays range from good to very good. Strikingly, the collection has coherence as something more than a series of charming anecdotes or conference presentations. Many of the essays rely on familiar, oft-told tales about technology, but always mix in other things different and 'new'. That is not just spin or packaging – it is good scholarship that is accessible to a non-specialist audience. One might hope this would shape future research and fear it will be badly imitated.


The present invention relates to a device (1) for sampling and analysis of chlorinated pollutants, especially nitrogen trichloride and / or chloroform. This device comprises a base (12) on which a housing (7) is fixed, said housing (7) comprising at least one sample holder (5), a spacer (3), a ring (4) and a retaining ring (2) said support associated with a filtering membrane (6).


List of Figures Notes on Contributors Preface Introduction: The Multi-Layered Memories of Space Pamela Colombo and Estela Schindel PART I: SPATIAL INSCRIPTIONS OF ANNIHILATION 1. Violent Erasures and Erasing Violence: Contesting Cambodia's Landscapes of Violence James A. Tyner 2. Polish landscapes of Memory at the Sites of Extermination: The Politics of Framing Zuzanna Dziuban 3. Spaces of Confrontation and Defeat: the Spatial Dispossession of the Revolution in Tucuman, Argentina Pamela Colombo 4. Subterranean Autopsies: Exhumations of Mass Graves in Contemporary Spain Francisco Ferrandiz PART II: THE REPRESENTATION OF VIOLENCE: SPATIAL STRATEGIES 5. Faces, Voices, and the Shadow of Catastrophe Jay Winter 6. Theatrical Cartography of a Space of Exception Juan Mayorga 7. The Cartographer. Warsaw, 1:400.000 By Juan Mayorga. In its first English translation by Sarah Maitland 8. 'All Limits Were Exceeded Over There': The Chronotope of Terror in Modern Warfare and Testimony Kirsten Mahlke 9. The Concentration Camp and the 'Unhomely Home': The Disappearance of Children in Post-Dicatorship Argentine Theatre Mariana Eva Perez PART III: HAUNTED SPACES, IRRUPTING MEMORIES 10. 'The Whole Country is a Monument': Framing Places of Terror in Postwar Germany Aleida Assmann 11. Haunted Houses, Horror Literature and the Space of Memory in Post-Dictatorship Argentine Literature Silvana Mandolessi 12. Counter-Movement, Space, and Politics: How the Saturday Mothers of Turkey make the Enforced Disappearances Visible Meltem Ah?ska 13. An Orderly Landscape of Remnants: Notes for Reflecting on the Spatiality of the Disappeared Gabriel Gatti 14. A Boundless Grave: Memory and Abjection of the Rio de la Plata Estela Schindel PART IV: SPACES OF EXCEPTION, POWER AND RESISTANCE 15. Spatialities of Exception Pilar Calveiro 16. Imaginary Cities, Violence and Memory: A Literary Mapping Gudrun Rath 17. Occupied Squares and the Urban 'State of Exception': In, Against and Beyond the City of Enclaves Stavros Stavrides 18. 'Memory, that Powerful Political Force': An Interview with David Harvey


The increasing complexity and sophistication of the applications deployed on Data Center Network (DCN) demanded new features and greater performance from the DCN. This resulted in many designs addressing various challenges such as cost, performance, reliability, scalability, security and energy. One major challenge a designer often faces is the realization of their proposed design or realization of the existing designs for comparison. Although proto-typing is a better choice but it does have certain limitation and is very complex and expensive. Hence, Simulation is considered as an alternative to the prototyping. In this paper, we present a case study of using Network Simulator 3 (NS3) for realization of various architectures for DCN and study their performance. The information we provide includes realization of the most popular designs for DCN and tools available with NS3 to study their performance. Our effort is to make it easy for a beginner to build popular designs for DCN and study their performance using NS3.


Despite the critical analysis of Pagan (1984) and several subsequent applied studies, empirical models characterized by expectations are often estimated with "generated regressor" proxies that are treated as ordinary nonstochastic regressors. This paper offers a Generalized Least Squares estimator designed to cope with the nonscalar disturbance matrix precipatated by generated regressors. The approach is designed as a natural extension of Pagan's analysis and the author demonstrates how it may be applied to multi-equation models. Experimentation with numerical examples reveals the potential severity of ignoring the problem. These results also suggest an easily calculated indicator of potential inference distortion in models that fail to account for "generated regressors." Copyright 1987 by MIT Press.


The method of building dynamic statistical graphics is discussed in this paper,using MSChart control component and ADO object,which is embedded in Visual Basic development environment.The concrete steps of building dynamic statistical graphics are introduced,the disadvantages of MSChart control component on building of dynamic statistical graphics are pointed out,and corresponding ameliorated methods are put forward.By way of combining with concrete instance of Henan Waterway Basic Geographic Information System,it can indicate that the approach has good application value.