Problem Statement and Purpose Tourist images of countries, regions and cities largely determine their attractiveness, generate a desire to visit them, eventually affect the geography of tourist flows. Therefore, it is so important to use the variousscientific approaches to purposefully form the tourist image of the territory and promote it through marketing among the population – potential tourists. The purpose of the study is to compare the methodological approaches to the formation of the tourist image and to determine the factors that influence its formation. Data & Methods The methodological basis of this study is the work of geographers and researchers – experts in regional marketing and tourism management. In thearticle, the following research methods are used as analysis and synthesis, logical approach, definition, description, interpretation, comparative-geographical, statistical. The selected set of methods is the most optimal in determining theimage-forming factors. The information base of the study was compiled by the State Statistics Service of Ukraine. Results . The article considers such key concepts as tourist's representation of the territory, tourist's image, branding of the territory. The discrepancies between geographic and marketing methodological approaches to the formation of the tourist's image of the territory are revealed that for a geographic approach, complexity is typical, unlike marketing, which focuses mainly on the availability of natural resource potential and consumers. The factors that influence the formation of the tourist's image of the region are divided on two groups – objectively existing such as natural, cultural, infrastructural resources, and subjective factors, depending on the individual perception of the tourist destination. The tourist image of the territory consists on the basis of one or more spatial nuclei, the function of which, as a rule, is carried out by tourist centers of different specialization. On the basis of the analysis, the factors of formation of the tourist image of the Ukrainian Black Sea tourist region are determined.


Background The diagnosis of a drag allergy is mainly based upon a very detailed history and the clinical findings. In addition, several in vitro or in vivo tests can be performed to demonstrate a sensitization to a certain drug. One of the in vitro tests is the lymphocyte transformation test (LTT), which can reveal a sensitization of T‐cells by an enhanced proliferative response of peripheral blood mononuclear cells to a certain drag.


The study centers on the readiness of the beneficiaries to engage in Sustainable Livelihood Program as basis for intervention. Specifically, it gathered data on the profiles of the respondents as to age, gender, combined family Income, family size, and other sources of income, including the level of readiness of the beneficiaries and the community in the establishment of the Sustainable Livelihood Program their locality. Moreover, the study revealed that the community is fully ready in identifying the project and in project implementation. Additionally, the beneficiaries are ready for Microenterprise Development and in the aspect of Employment Facilitation. It was also revealed that there is no significant difference on the perception of the respondents'level of readiness of community, microenterprise development, and employment facilitation. Hence, the study concludes that the beneficiaries are indeed eager to start-up their SLP plan and the community is very much willing to provide the necessary support for the endeavor.The income of the family might push some families to be motivated and encouraged as members of the SLP. Families are also motivated to join because they see the creation of the SLP as an opportunity to improve their live and earn a living especially during this COVID-19 Pandemic. The real implementation of the SLP is a good evolving process of an organization that merits keen observation for additional knowledge in business management and administration especially in a rural locality with families of minimal income and education.


The building stones assume great importance in building elements of the historical and cultural Portuguese heritage, including sandstone and granite stones. With the aim of evaluating the compressive mechanical behavior of distinct building stones present in the historic built heritage, an experimental research was carried out on selected and representative samples of lithotypes of rocks used in these buildings based on uniaxial compressive tests. Based on experimental results, it was found that porosity plays a central role on the compressive behaviour of granites and sandstones. As porosity can be evaluated in field conditions with non-destructive tests, it was decided to derive an analytical model for the prediction of the compressive behaviour based on the knowledge of porosity of the building stones. For the implementation of the model a cubic polynomial function was adopted for the description of the pre-peak regime under compression. Furthermore, statistical correlation must be defined between mechanical and porosity data. It was observed that good agreement between experimental and analytical stress-strain diagrams, from which the mechanical properties like compressive strength and modulus of elasticity can be derived, was achieved.


In this paper was reported a method of making resorcin phosphate as flame retardant from phenol, resorcin and phosphous oxychloride, was studied the influence such factors as mole ration, temperature and catalyst have on the reaction, and was established the best reaction condition: The molar ratio of phosphous oxychloride and resorcin is 2.2∶1. In the first step, the reaction temperature is 60℃, and the reaction time is 6 hours. In the second step, the reaction temperature is 130℃, and the reaction time is 8 hours. AlCl3 is the best catalyst. Its dosage is 2% of the total amount of all reactants in the first step. The yield reaches 90%. The flame retardance has been tested in different plastic product, which shows that resorcin phosphate is a good flame retardant.


Among the European Documentation Centres being located in Turkey, the University of Istanbul Faculty of Law Centre for Research and Practice in European Law has been introduced. The collection of the Library of the Centre, and the extent of the library services were also explained.


QUNLAB is a program to help students in Quantitative Analysis with their laboratory calculations. Its use ensures that students learn the proper way to do the calculation by themselves. Immediate feedback results in a very positive learning experience. The program uses the student's data to correctly calculate a result, which it compares with the student's result, previously calculated from the same data. If the results are not the same, the student knows a calculation error has been made. Grading is uncompromised because the program does not know the actual analysis of the student's unknown. Since the student's reported result is not in error because of mistakes in the calculation, the final grade is a reflection of the quality of the student's experimental work.


In distributed computational systems with no central authority, social norms have shown great potential in regulating the behaviour of self-interested agents, due to their distributed cost. In this context, peer punishment has been an important instrument in enabling social norms to emerge, and such punishment is usually assigned a certain enforcement cost that is paid by agents applying it. However, models that investigate the use of punishment as a mechanism to allow social norms to emerge usually assume that unlimited resources are available to agents to cope with the resulting enforcement costs, yet this assumption may not hold in real world computational systems, since resources are typically limited and thus need to be used optimally. In this paper, we use a modified version of the metanorm model originally proposed by Axelrod to investigate this, and show that it allows norm emergence only in limited cases under bounded resources. In response, we propose a resource-aware adaptive punishment technique to address this limitation, and give an experimental evaluation of the new technique that shows it enables norm establishment under limited resources.


A high switching frequency isolated voltage-fed dual-transformer-based hybrid semidual active bridge converter is introduced in this article for unidirectional power flow and wide voltage range applications. The converter embraces the full-bridge and half-bridge properties under varying operating conditions to improve efficiency. Five appropriate working patterns are elaborated, including ideal output power derivation, current stress analysis, working voltage matching, output power distribution, and soft switching features. Afterward, a simple segmented control strategy is adopted in accordance with the analysis results. The zero voltage switching of all switches is achieved by introducing the magnetic current and suitable drive logic. Compared with the existing works, the proposed converter has outstanding merits in terms of reduced conduction loss, switching loss, and peak current of ac inductor, resulting in high conversion efficiency. Hence, the converter is more suitable for cases with wide and frequent input voltage variations. Eventually, the effectiveness of the converter and the control strategy is verified by a 1.0-kW prototype.


FIELD: oil and gas production. SUBSTANCE: method includes pumping of hydraulic fracturing fluid into formation through the well via tubing with packer with viscosity not less than 0.01 Pa·s with the following pumping of hydraulic mixture with proppant. Hydraulic fracturing is done by intervals from the top downwards in each interlayer of formation with the use of two packers mounted above and below the formation interval specified for hydraulic fracturing. Each adsorbing interlayer of formation is pumped via tubing by hydraulic fracturing fluid under pressure twice exceeding the injection capacity of formation for 3-4 hours. The above operations are repeated depending upon the quantity of formation adsorbing interlayers. The packing of all adsorbing interlayers of formation is done by pumping hydraulic mixture with proppant via tubing by installation of blind packer under the lower adsorbing interlayer and through packer in tubing over the upper interlayer of formation, the hydraulic mixture - lime slurry - is pumped into the well from 3 to 6 m 3 in concentration 20 kg of CaO per 1 m of water with the following adding of spent sulphite liquor in ratio from 1:0.2 to 1:0.4 with viscosity 450-500-10 -3 Pa·s. After that the injection well is put into operation. As working agent pumped into injection well there used is water of 1000-1180 kg/m density not containing suspended solid particles and ferrous hydroxide. EFFECT: increase of method efficiency not depending upon interlayer injection capacity and speed of hydraulic fracturing fluid pumping into formation as well as the possibility to perform repetitive operations on formation injection capacity restoration. 2 dwg


The article examines, from a game of voices, gestures and body movements during a tour of  students from Educacao de Jovens e Adultos (EJA) to Museu de Artes e Oficios de Belo Horizonte, senses there statements about the past issues pertaining to the world of work in Brazil preindustrial. Aiming to problematize the relationship of memory and history in the perspective of history education, such utterances were verbal and nonverbal documentas through records film, sound and print. The dialogue between data and theoretical references allowed us to highlight both the value of the museum as a place of memory for history education, the challenges presented there for teaching in classrooms, in the moments before, during and after - visiting museums.


The article introduces the basic methods of modern digital urban management, include component and event management method and management of grid, which is ten thousand square meters. It also studies the object, the evaluation index of the performance evaluation system of the urban management. The article puts an emphasis on the performance evaluation system of urban management in Nanshan, Shenzhen based on the BSC evaluation model.


By the imposition of Regional Regulation of Serdang Bedagai District No. 1/2012 on Tax on Rural and Urban Land and Building, the authority to collect it was transferred from the central government to Deli Serdang District Administration. The tariff in the Regional Regulation of Deli Serdang District No. 1/2012 on Tax on Land and Building had met the principle of justice vertically ands horizontally because it differentiates the imposition of tax on taxpayers based on NJOP (0.1% and 0.2%) and the same tax on the same NJOP. Legal remedy on delinquent taxes of PBB P2 before the transfer occurred was that Deli Serdang District Administration became the authority to bill the delinquent taxes of PBB P2 by using, if possible, Warrant according to Law No. 19/2000 as the amendment of Law No. 19/1997. Keywords: Transfer of Authority, Rural and Urban Tax on Land and Building


The environmental impact of shipping on marine environment includes discharge of garbage. Plastic litter is of particular concern due to abundance, resistance to degradation and detrimental effect on marine biota. According to recently published studies, a further research is required to assess human health risk. Monitoring data indicate that despite banning plastic disposal at sea, shipping is still a source of plastic pollution. Some of the measures to combat the problem are discussed.


This paper considers two types of Protestant ethnic groups of some areas of Urals and 9 Western Siberia. The first type consist of representatives of members of different ethnic groups 10 consisting of well-educated professionals, incorporated into industrial society and associated with 11 the intellectualism of Protestantism. The second type is represented by the indigenous peoples of 12 the Polar Urals and Western Siberia, who use the Protestant religious organizations as tool for 13 restoring life-sustaining elements of the native peoples' traditional economy. I employed the 14 inductive approach and the comparison method; during the fieldwork I used ethnographic 15 participant observations, sociological structured interviews and closed-ended questionnaires. The 16 empirical data have been collected in the Southern, Middle and Polar Urals and Western Siberia. 17


The purpose of this thesis is to evaluate the parameters of zero energy building (ZEB) design, aiming at sustainable development. The life cycle of a construction includes the design, construction and operation. The design must be accomplished taking into account all the parameters that affect the construction costs and the consumption of the building in operation. The buildings should minimize the overall burden on the natural and human environment, to efficiently utilize the energy and natural resources, to promote user's living conditions and to reduce the environmental footprint. The design is related with the usage of local environmental resources, bioclimatic design, adjustment of the building operation, use of energy-saving technologies, smart energy management, integration of renewable energy technologies and targeted interventions in the surroundings of the building space. Moreover, the architectural design must take into account the behavior of the inhabitants/users.
In existing buildings, the design must take account an ex ante evaluation of interventions which should result in a sustainable solution to the rest of the project lifecycle.
The study of parameters for designing zero energy buildings is a major issue in the international literature. The Integrated Energy Design (IED) aims at reducing energy demand in the first level, using local renewable energy resources in second level, and - if necessary - using other energy resources starting from the use of those less polluting. In this study a generic design methodology for zero energy buildings with ex ante evaluation of implementation feasibility is described. The result is known to the designer and the constructor at the planning stage, so that they can make the appropriate decisions. The methodology is then applied to the design of a residence in a rural area in the municipality Nestor - Pylos in Messinia.


Summary
Angiospermic families are considered by the author as distinct evolutionary sets, directly issued by sexual segregation from the vegetative proliferation of green matter which covered Earth by the end of the Mesozoic geological period.

These family sets may, and consequently must, all be fitted to a common mathematical scheme, made of a Mendelian trinomial expansion through successive, interdependent but independent, evolutionary periods in each of which has become segregately fixed a functional character.

So all taxa are precisely located by means of a discontinuous numeration, whose gaps, substitute to missing links, measure dissimilarity between the actually existing forms.

This discontinuity can also be translated in cartesian coordinates corresponding to morphological degree of adaptative specialization (+ or −x), simplifying involution (y), recessive diversion (z).

Families then can easily be compared, for each of their evolutionary periods as well as in totality, inside the standard, mathematical or graphical, scheme in which is expressed the comparative pressure of past and present environmental conditions.


The growth of Co phthalocyanine (CoPc) films on the one-dimensional Si(111)(4 × 1)-In surface is studied using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). At low CoPc coverages, the molecules are highly mobile on the surface. Only when the coverage approaches the saturation coverage, the molecules stabilize each other and a highly ordered two-dimensional CoPc monolayer forms. Based on the STM images, a structure model for this film could be developed, with the molecules selectively adsorbing on the In chains with a (4 × 4) periodicity.


The usual kinetic description of a plasma is extended to include variables to describe the nuclear spin. The distribution function, over phase space and the new spin variables, provides a sufficient description of a spin‐polarized plasma. The evolution for the distribution function is given. The equations derived are used to calculate depolarization caused by four processes: inhomogeneous fields, collisions, collisions in inhomogeneous fields, and waves. It is found that depolarization by field inhomogeneity on scales large compared with the gyroradius is totally negligible. The same is true for collisional depolarization. Collisions in inhomogeneous fields yield a depolarization rate of order 10−3 sec−1 for deuterons and a negligible rate for tritons in a typical fusion reactor design. This is still sufficiently small on reactor time scales. However, small‐amplitude magnetic fluctuations (of order 1 G) resonant with the spin precession frequency can lead to significant depolarization (depolarizes triton ...


Objective: To examine the extent to which proxy-report measures adequately assess walking limitations and are interchangeable with self-report measures in stroke survivors. Design and Participants: Self-report, proxy-report, and observed performance measures of walking limitations were compared cross-sectionally on 3 occasions following the discharge from hospital of 101 stroke survivors. Correlations between measures, differences between mean scores, and agreement of self- and proxy reports were analyzed. Results and Conclusions: Self- and proxy-report measures correlated significantly with each other and with observed performance measures; differences between mean scores were not found. Agreement between individual self- and proxy-report pairs was poor, however, indicating that freely substituting proxy-report data for self-report data when self-report data are unavailable is inappropriate.


This introductory chapter briefly illustrates the major themes of this volume. It presents two fundamental arguments about race. The first is that race is a social rather than a natural phenomenon. The institution of racial slavery existed in many parts of the Americas, producing strikingly similar consequences in each of the many societies that sought to integrate former slaves as free workers and citizens after emancipation. Nevertheless, the contours of how race actually worked—including how people were classified, and what legal and social consequences those classifications carried—could be markedly different in local contexts. The second is that the systems for organizing societies around race intersected, in each of these contexts, with other social hierarchies, including class, gender, and sexuality. Understanding the particular racial politics that this group of migrants articulated requires situating these decisions within the kinds of racial, class, and gender strictures they encountered in their places of origin.


ABSTRACT For more than a decade, the United States has produced more new jobs than most other industrialized nations--nearly 20 million new jobs during 1973-1984. However, none of the aggregate numbers reveals anything about the types of jobs created or how much they pay. The following facts are pertinent: (1) compared to the period 1973-1979, the net new employment created between 1979 and 1984 has occurred disproportionately at the low extreme of the wage salary distribution (i.e., below $7,000 in 1984 dollars); (2) between 1979 and 1984, the number of workers earning more than the 1973 median ($14,024 in 1984 dollars) actually declined by 1.8 million, while workers earning less increased by some 9.9 million; (3) white women continued to show small gains in their access to higher wage jobs, but the proportion of women in low-wage employment also increased; (4) employment for minority men and women shows a renewed trend toward low wages; (5) the disproportionate expansion of the low-wage sector is especially prevalent among younger workers; (6) the trend toward low-wage employment is greatest in the Midwest; and (7) the tendency toward low wages holds for year-round full-time workers as well as for those who do not work as often. In sum, the economic restructuring of the 1980s has left in its wake a proliferation of low-wage jobs. If this pattern continues, the standard of living of a growing proportion of the American work force will be significantly jeopardized. (KC)


Abstract In the present paper one of of possible ways of explanation of reentrant behavior in polar liquid crystals (LC) is proposed. The smectic A-phase (S Ad ) existing between high temperature nematic phase (N) and reentrant nematic phase (N re is considered as a partially bilayer smectic A-structure (1 < d < 21) with long-range antiferroelectric order. Each layer of such structure consists of two interpenetrating macroscopic sublayers with mutually opposite alignments of molecular dipoles. In addition, it is assumed that each molecule feels not only some molecular mean field (made by all LC molecules) defining macroscopic layer structure with long-range antiferroelectric order, but also interacts with nearest neighbours by means of short-range antiferroelectric forces of Ising's type. By analogy with McMillan's theory in the approximation of ideal orientational order the single-particle distribution functions for the molecules with different dipole orientations are introduced and self consistent equat...


Solid alloys of aluminum, gallium, indium and tin have been shown to react with water at room temperature to produce hydrogen and aluminum hydroxide in an exothermic reaction. The gallium, indium and tin components are inert and recoverable. The aluminum hydroxide can be recycled back to aluminum by the Hall-Heroult process. Several different experiments have been conducted to understand the reaction mechanism. There is strong evidence indicating that the presence of a liquid phase in the alloy microstructure allows for a continuous reaction between aluminum and water to generate hydrogen. Hydrogen yield and reaction rate kinetics were studied for various compositions and reaction temperatures. Alloy reactivity displayed a strong dependence on microstructure, resulting from variations in composition and method of preparation.


The primary goal of steganographic methods is to develop statically undetectable methods with high steganographic capacity. The embedding efficiency is one kind of measure for undetectability. Block-based steganography methods have been proposed for achieving higher embedding efficiency under limited embedding capacity. However, in these methods, some blocks with larger embedding distortions are skipped, and a location map is usually incorporated into these methods to record the embedding status of each block. This reduces the embedding capacity for secret messages. In this study, we proposed a block-based steganography method without a location map for palette images. In this method, multiple secret bits can be embedded in a block by modifying at most one pixel with minimal embedding distortion; this enables each block to be used for data embedding; thus, our method provides higher embedding capacity. Furthermore, under the same capacity, the estimated and experimental embedding efficiencies of the proposed method are compared with those of Imaizumi et al. and Aryal et al.'s methods; the comparisons indicate that the proposed method has higher embedding efficiency than Imaizumi et al. and Aryal et al.'s methods.


The preparation of different aldehyde content oxycellulose was studied by orthogonal experiments in this paper. The influences of reaction temperature, ratio of cellulose to NaIO_4, pH value of solution were discussed when NaIO_4 was used as the oxidizing agent and α-cellulose as the starting material. The more important factors that affect the aldehyde content of oxycellulose were the temperature and the content of NaIO_4, the less important factors were pH value and the ratio of cellulose to NaIO_4. The best oxidation conditions were determined. When the reaction temperature is 50 ℃, the pH value is 3, the ratio of cellulose to NaIO_4 is 0.5, the oxycellulose with 80% aldehyde content can be obtained. It especially meets with the need of experiment design.


David Sington was awarded the 1999 Walter Sullivan Award for Excellence in Science Journalism at the AGU Spring Meeting Honors Ceremony, which was held on June 2, 1999, in Boston, Massachusetts. The award recognizes a single article or a radio/television report that makes geophysical material accessible and interesting to the general public.


Holland (1985) established the most famous model of vocational interests. Model specifies the hexagonal ordering of six RIASEC types: realistic, investigative, artistic, social, enterprising and conventional. Individual's RIASEC profile should be directed toward particular areas of interests, and should be consistent within a person. To describe these ideas, Holland derived differentiation and consistency of RIASEC profile (Holland, 1985). Differentiation of interests' profile is defined by interests' clarity (Holland, 1985), while consistency represents similarity between individual's most expressed interests (Holland, 1985). Tracey et al. (2014) criticized the use of conventional measures and proposed measures derived from the full RIASEC profile based on the cosine function. Since RIASEC scores can be well fit by a circumplex structure, they adopted the cosine function used in personality (Gurtman & Balakrishnan, 1998) which provides information about adherence of individual's scores to the circular ordering. The aim of this study is to compare traditional measures of differentiation and consistency with measures derived from the cosine function. The data was collected through an on-line testing platform developed for a longitudinal study of adolescent career transition (N=981). Amplitude index is the new measure of differentiation, and is calculated as standard deviation of individual RIASEC scores. Results showed it is almost collinear with one conventional index, and moderate or strongly related to others. Further, cosine fit is the new measure of consistency, and results indicated its moderate correlation to the traditional measures of consistency. Results generally indicated great overlapping of measures, but still indicated unique variability of consistency measure based on the cosine function. The application of different measures provides more thorough insight into individuals' traits and ensures more objective conclusions and more equal treatment of all individuals.


After a release of genetically modified organisms, monitoring of potential adverse effects on the environment is mandatory. The protocol used for monitoring should be previously tested in practical studies and must be standardised. Moreover, sampling methods and the evaluation of results must meet current scientific and technical standards. Due to their particular role in maintaining soil quality and in a multitude of ecological processes in agro-ecosystems, soil organisms belong to those groups for which VDI guidelines are being developed. The guideline 4331 Part 1 describes fundamental criteria for the selection and samBioRisk 8: 73–87 (2013) doi: 10.3897/biorisk.8.3255 www.pensoftonline.net/biorisk Copyright Andrea Ruf et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 3.0 (CC-BY), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. ReSeARCh ARtiCle BioRisk A peer-reviewed open-access journal


Assay discrepancies can occur with laboratory monitoring of FVIII and FIX replacement therapy, particularly for the extended half‐life products. This guideline collates current published data and provides advice on appropriate choice of assays for laboratory measurement of replacement therapy for patients with Haemophilia A and B without inhibitors. It is recommended that each haemophilia centre should ensure that appropriate laboratory assays are available for FVIII and FIX products in local clinical use. Patient samples should be assayed against calibrators traceable to WHO Plasma International Standards. Assay discrepancies are common especially for the extended half‐life FVIII and FIX products, and assays of these products may need to be verified with the specific CFC being used.


INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Hypogonadism is estimated to effect between 2.1% and 12.8% of men. Current therapies to treat hypogonadism include testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) and Clomiphene Citrate (CC) as an off-label use. In June 2014, the US Food and Drug Administration mandated that manufacturers of all testosterone replacement therapy products add a label warning of increased risk of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) due to post market reports of increased DVT incidence in men on TRT. However, current literature supporting an increased risk of DVT with TRT usage is sparse. Although not designed for treatment of hypogonadism in men, the package insert for CC includes pulmonary embolism (PE), an end sequela of DVT. We sought to evaluate the risk of DVT in men treated with TRT or CC and to assess other etiologies for DVT as potential factors. METHODS: A retrospective chart review was performed of 1,180 consecutive men presenting for a hypogonadism evaluation who were treated with either TRT or CC. RESULTS: Of the 1,180 men with hypogonadism, 694 were treated with TRT, while 486 were treated with CC. Overall, 10/1180 (0.8%) men treated with TRT or CC were diagnosed with a DVT during the treatment interval. Of the 10 men diagnosed with DVT while on treatment, seven (70%) had potential identifiable etiologies for DVT other than treatment for hypogonadism. Etiologies included lower extremity trauma, surgery, travel, Klinefelter's syndrome, and Factor V Leiden deficiency. None of the men were found to be polycythemic at the time of DVT diagnosis. There was a higher incidence of DVT in men treated with TRT than CC; however, the overall percentages of DVT in both treatment groups were relatively low. When comparing the TRT and CC groups, there was no difference in the percentages of men found to have other identifiable etiologies for DVT besides being on treatment. There was no difference in testosterone levels between the TRT and CC groups. CONCLUSIONS: The overall rates of DVT for TRT and CC treated patients at therapeutic levels are relatively low, and most patients with DVT had other identifiable etiologies for DVT. Polycythemia was not found to be a risk factor in the patients diagnosed with DVTs. Table. No title available. Source of Funding: none


Chronic diseasesaccount for most of all deaths in developed countries and are increasing ram- pantly in newly industrialized nations. Physical exercise and sedentary behavior are risk factors for the major chronic diseases which increase rampantly in newly industrialized nations. In this paper, time trends of physical exercise and sedentary behavior in Chinese adults are examined and their five years effects on four chronic dis- eases morbidity are evaluated using logistic regression models with the CHNS data. Trend analyses show that physical exercise decreases while the sedentary behavior increases rapidly. Female, 18~30 years old, living urban and high education people are more likely to exercise during their leisure time. It also can be concluded that moderate physical exercise benefit one's blood pressure and prolonged sedentary increases the risk of suffering from myocardial infarction and apoplexy.


The aging of population is an inevitable historical development of human society,however in China it is a conscious historical choice about acceterating the process of aging.It is understandable that there are mangy hidden worries about the aging of population in China,however it is obvious that there are some advantages of China to cope with the aging of population.China can overcome the pessimistic thinking on coping with aging because of social and economic development,technological progress and the extension of human life.So we' d better update the concept of development,revalue the value of the elderly and mobilize the whole society by actively responding to the aging.


Background. There are large geographic dif- ferences in the frequency with which coronary angiogra- phy and revascularization are performed. We attempted to assess whether differences in case mix or in the treat- ment of specific groups of patients may explain this vari- ability. We also assessed the consequences of various patterns of treatment. Methods. We studied patients covered by Medicare who were 65 to 79 years of age and were admitted to 478 hospitals with acute myocardial infarctions during 1990 in New York (1852 patients), where the rate of use of cardi- ac procedures is low, and in Texas (1837 patients), where the rate of use of such procedures is high. We compared the patterns of treatment of clinically similar groups of pa- tients in the two states. We also compared mortality rates and measures of the health-related quality of life. Results. Coronary angiography was performed more often in Texas than in New York (45 percent vs. 30 per- cent, P � 0.001). The frequency of use in Texas was sig- nificantly higher than that in New York for all the clinical subgroups of patients analyzed except those at greatest risk for reinfarction. Over a two-year period, the adjusted likelihood of death was lower in New York than in Texas (hazard ratio, 0.87; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.78 to 0.98). Patients from Texas were 41 percent more likely to report angina (P � 0.002) and 62 percent more likely to say they could not perform activities requiring energy ex- penditure of 5 or more metabolic equivalents than pa- tients from New York approximately two years after infarc- tion (P � 0.001). Conclusions. Physicians in Texas were more likely to perform angiography than physicians in New York for patients whose conditions allowed more discretion in the use of cardiac procedures. On average, there ap- pears to be no advantage with respect to mortality or health-related quality of life to performing the procedures at the higher rate used in Texas. (N Engl J Med 1995; 333:573-8.)


Abstract Since the end of the Pleistocene, the Santa Elena Peninsula in south‐west coastal Ecuador has undergone a series of climatic fluctuations that are the local manifestation of an Andean pattern of climatic change. The local archaeological record shows that in A.D. 600, and again in A.D. 1400, this region was struck by drought of such severity that the area was abandoned by its inhabitants. A number of specific details of this Ecuadorean sequence of marked climatic and sociocultural vicissitudes correlate with a contemporary archaeological sequence from the south coast of Peru. A hypothesis is proposed: climatic changes were factors underlying the rise and establishment of two prehistoric pan‐Andean highland states, the Huari‐Tiahuanaco empire about A.D. 600, and the later Inca empire about A.D. 1400.


A review is given of the physical basis for quantitative surface analysis by Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) and by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) or electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA). The principal topics discussed are: the feasibility of surface analysis, approaches to surface analysis, description of models and data for surface analysis by AES and XPS, analytical methods, intensity measurements, practical considerations, applications, and reference materials.


The analysis for free vibration of ring-stiffened circular cylindrical shell with variable thickness was presented.The first order differential equation of circular cylindrical shell was solved by use of precise integration method and the transformation matrix of the ring rib was derived by means of the corresponding governing equation.The global transfer matrix of the ring-stiffened circular cylindrical shell with variable thickness was obtained by the product of the transformation matrices of all shell segments and ring ribs.Once the global transfer matrix was determined,the frequency equation would be readily obtained in terms of their elements under the given boundary conditions.This method has been applied to a ring-stiffened circular cylindrical shell with variable thickness,and its natural frequencies are calculated numerically.The results show that the proposed method is a powerful one for analyzing the ring-stiffened circular cylindrical shells with variable thickness.


The use of ultrasonic nondestructive testing of material internal defect,ultrasonic signal acquired at actual working spot usually includes large amount of noise.Extraction of the defect characteristic information will be influeced greatly if the ultrasonic signal is not effectively denoised. A new method based on best wavelet packet base is present to denoise and detect the ultrasonic signal. The superiority of new method is verified by simulation examples. Experiment of processing ultrasonic signal which comes from the 45 Steel specimen with flaws has been implemented. The accurate information that characterizes of defect size,location can be extracted from the processing result, the results show that the new method based on best wavelet packet base is in favor of enhancing the degree of accuracy for quantitatively analyzing the defect inside the material.


Lymphangitis carcinomatosis (LC) is the infiltration and inflammation of lymphatic vessel secondary to the spread of malignancy from a primary site. Most cases result from dissemination of adenocarcinomas. Its presentation may be unilateral or bilateral, it is asymmetrical and is limited to one lobe of the lung especially lower lobes, focal unilateral presentation is observed in 50% of patients, while only 6%–8% of lung metastases present as diffusely infiltrating pattern. In this case report, we present a case of adenocarcinoma with LC presenting as diffuse parenchymal lung disease which is a rare presentation. A 45-year-old female matchbox industry worker by occupation with no comorbid illness presented with 8-month history of cough with scanty mucoid expectoration and Grade II dyspnea according to the modified Medical Research Council along with history of loss of appetite and weight. CT chest shows parenchymal nodule with spiculated margin in the anterior segment of the upper lobe, nodular thickening of the Broncho vascular interstitium and pleura, diffuse interstitial septal thickening and randomly distributed nodules in all lobes. PET scan showed low grade metabolically active nodule in the anterior segment of the left upper lobe, metabolically active mediastinal, supraclavicular and retrocrural lymph nodes, mild pleural effusion and Low-grade diffuse metabolism was noted in the uterine endometrium. Low-grade diffuse metabolism was noted in the uterine endometrium. Abdominal ultrasound revealed an endometrial thickness of 8 mm. Visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA), visual inspection with lugol's iodine (VILI) and Papanicolaou smear was done which was suggestive of inflammatory smear, and Papanicolaou smear was done and was suggestive of inflammatory smear. Fiber-optic bronchoscopy was done, it was normal, and transbronchial lung biopsy revealed adenocarcinoma lung. The patient was referred to medical oncology, and the first cycle of chemotherapy was started with cisplatin and pemetrexed. Physicians should be aware of pulmonary lymphangitic carcinomatosis from lung adenocarcinoma and consider it in patients with pulmonary symptoms who are unresponsive to antibiotics. Despite establishment of diagnosis with cellular etiology even primary source, the condition is fatal. This rare condition needs to be considered in appropriate clinical settings.


The task of identifying musical instruments in an audio recording is a difficult problem. While there exists a body of literature on single instrument identification, little research has been performed on the more complex, but real-world, situation of more than one instrument present in the signal. This work proposes a Bayesian method for multi-label classification of musical instrument timbre. Preliminary results demonstrate the efficacy of Bayesian networks on the single instrument classification problem. Peak spectral amplitude in ten frequency windows were extracted for each of twenty time windows to be used as features. Over a dataset of 24,000 audio examples covering the full musical range of 24 different common orchestral instruments, four different Bayesian network structures, including näıve Bayes, were examined and compared to two support vector machines and a k-nearest neighbor classifier. Classification accuracy was examined by instrument, instrument family, and dataset size. Bayesian networks with conditional dependencies in the time and frequency dimensions achieved 98% accuracy in the instrument classification task and 97% accuracy in the instrument family identification task. These results demonstrated a significant improvement over the previous approaches in the literature on this dataset. The remainder of this proposal outlines my approach for the identification of musical instrument timbre when more than one instrument is present in the signal. First, signature matching Bayesian networks will be trained on single instruments to recognize the timbral signature of individual instruments. Secondly, those signatures will be used to extract the features relevant to a single instrument from the spectral analysis of a multi-instrument signal. Finally, a binary-relevance Bayesian classifier will determine if each specific instrument is present in the signal. This system proposes a novel approach to template matching allowing for probabilistic segmentation of musical spectra. Furthermore the proposed approaches outline a novel approach to multi-label classification of music instrument timbre which supports both harmonic and inharmonic instruments, scales to a large number of musical instruments, and allows for efficient classification of new examples given the trained models.


Abstract. Depression remains one of the most common psychological disorders among older adults. Their response to antidepressants: however, is often unsatisfactory, and despite the proven efficacy ...


ABSTRACT The entertainment industry relies heavily on advertising to attract audiences. This article demonstrates a method to measure the effect of on-air television promotions, or promos, on viewing behaviour, based on a well-established single-source method for determining the causal impact of advertising on sales. We illustrate this method on 18 new prime-time programs, showing that promos have a positive impact on viewing behaviour. Exposed viewers are substantially more likely to view the premiere episode of a new series, across a wide range of different television-viewing weights, frequency of promo exposures and program types. The research also shows evidence of reach-based scheduling strategies being generally more efficacious than frequency-based strategies. These findings provide guidance to help networks implement their promo strategy more effectively, as well as a method for future research into the effectiveness of television promos as this approach can be utilized in any country with a television ratings panel.


Background and Objectives  The storage of transfusion plasma at +4 °C sometimes leads to the activation of several proteolytic systems. In this study the frequency of cold activation was investigated, as well as whether cold activation of plasma is an individually recurrent property of the donor.


Submitted for the MAR05 Meeting of The American Physical Society Out-of-Equilibrium Transport near a Quantum Phase Transition STEFAN KIRCHNER, Rice University, Houston, LIJUN ZHU, University of California, Riverside, QIMIAO SI, Rice University, Houston — Non-equilibrium properties are expected to be particularly rich at a second order quantum phase transition, given that statics and (imaginary time) dynamics are already mixed at the equilibrium level. The issue has so far received only limited study, partly because equilbrium methods are not readily generalizable to non-equilibrium situations. Here we consider the quantum critical point of a Bose-Fermi Kondo model, which we have recently shown[1] to model the magnetic quantum dot systems[2]. We extend the saddle-point equations in a dynamical large-N limit[3] to the Keldysh contours, and determine the linear and non-linear conductance in the quantum critical regime. [1] S. Kirchner, L. Zhu, Q. Si, and D. Natelson, to be published (2004). [2] A. N. Pasupathy et al., Science 306, 86 (2004). [3] L. Zhu, S. Kirchner, Q. Si, and A. Georges, Phys. Rev. Lett, in press; cond-mat/0406293. Stefan Kirchner Rice Univeristy, Houston Date submitted: 01 Dec 2004 Electronic form version 1.4


Various studies and consultations have been undertaken in recent years which examine the benefits that independent aggregators can bring to the European electricity markets. Independent aggregators can provide an important route to market for demand side response providers and small-scale generators, by bringing together providers who would be too small to participate in the markets individually. In addition, aggregators have detailed knowledge of these markets which many small providers might lack. Aggregation can also increase the reliability of DSR by bringing together resources from across different industries and geographies. However, at present there is no coordinated approach across Europe for the inclusion of independent aggregators into these markets. There is therefore a united view in industry bodies that further development and a coordinated approach to the aggregator role is necessary to enable their full inclusion.


The study deals with the evaluation of wear property of eutectic, hypereutectic and super eutectic aluminium alloy under various heat treated conditions. Pistons are produced from cast or forged, high-temperature resistant aluminium silicon alloys. There are three basic types of aluminium piston alloys. The standard piston alloy is a eutectic Al-12%Si alloy containing in addition approx. 1% each of Cu, Ni and Mg. Special eutectic alloys are also evaluated for improved strength at high temperatures. Hypereutectic alloys with 18 and 24% Si provide lower thermal expansion and wear, but have lower strength. The wear analysis is carried out under the various conditions like speed, time and loading conditions and for all the conditions of eutectic, hypereutectic and special eutectic aluminium alloys. The experimentation is carried on a pin on disc type wear testing machine by varying the speed of the disc, various loads applied and various timing conditions. The properties are evaluated for various heat treated conditions like operating temperature, quenching conditions, annealing conditions. It is concluded that based on the wear properties, type of material can be selected as the piston material.


This Guide consisting of samples, templates, and tips is designed to help transportation agencies with the development and implementation of their own Transportation Management Plans (TMPs). Understanding the work zone impacts is critical to developing effective work zone TMPs that provide for adequate safety and mobility for the traveling public and construction workers. The primary intended audience for this guide is transportation agency staff, including technical staff, (planners, designers, traffic engineers, highway/safety engineers, etc); management and executive-level staff responsible for setting policy and program direction; field staff responsible for building projects and managing work zones; and staff responsible for assessing performance in these areas. The TMP samples and templates presented in the guide represent two projects with different levels of impacts. (1) Template 1 and Sample 1— Projects with minor-to-moderate level of impacts. (2) Template 2 and Sample 2— Projects with moderate-to-major level of impacts.


Talented person's train way and train goal must adapt the economical development,must be able to satisfy the changing market demand.It's the urgent need of entire economic and society development which raises utility business management personnel.We should hold the advantageous historical opportunity and breakthrough traditional business management teaching layered fetter.In order to train ap-plication business management personnel,we must optimize curriculum system,enhance practice teaching,take the personnel market demand as the guidance.


Vehicular emissions inventories from 1990 to 2009 in the 12 typical cities selected in China were calculated.The vehicular emissions trends in each city were analyzed on the basis of simulation results.The results showd that,during 1990 and 2009,the CO,VOCs,NOx and PM emission factors in 12 cities reduced by 57%~81%、53%~78%、22%~74% and 31%~76%,respectively.CO and VOCs emissions were observed a significant growth from 1990 to 2000,and then presented a decrease trend.NOx and PM emissions showed continued growth trend in most cities.Compared to the levels in 1990,CO,VOCs,NOx and PM emissions of the 12 cities in 2009 increased by 1.0,1.4,3.2 and 3.3 times,respectively.Gasoline vehicles were the major source of CO and VOCs emissions.LDA-G,MDTB-G and HDTB-G contributed 70%~90% and 50%~85% to CO and VOCs emissions,and the share of LDA-G increased significantly from 1990 to 2000.LDA-G,MDTB-G,MDTB-D and HDTB-D contribute 80%~90% to NOx emissions,and the contribution of MDTB-D and HDTB-D increased from 57.8% to 72.7% on average.MDTB-D and HDTB-D were responsible for 70%~90% of PM emissions.In addition,the contribution of motorcycles should not be neglected in several cities.


Picosecond transient absorption spectroscopy and transient dichroism measurements were applied for the direct elucidation of photoinduced electron-transfer dynamics (charge separation, charge recombination, and hole-transfer reactions) in poly(N-vinylcarbazole) (PVCz)−electron acceptors as well as the corresponding monomer model system N-ethylcarbazole−electron acceptors in 1,2-dichloroethane solution. The measurement of the dichroism of the ion-pair absorption in the monomer model system demonstrated that the time constants of the rotational relaxation of the anion and the cation were identical with each other, indicating that the mutual geometry of the ions in the pair was maintained at least during the rotational relaxation process. In the polymer systems, the decay of the dichroism signal of the cation was much faster than that of the anion, indicating that the rapid hole-migration process diminished the dichroism signal of the cation of the carbazolyl (Cz) groups in the PVCz chain. The electron-trans...


Ceramic matrix composites reinforced with carbon nanotubes are becoming increasingly popular in industry due to their astonishing mechanical properties and taking into account the fact that advanced production technologies make carbon nanotubes increasingly affordable. In the present paper, the most convenient contemporary methods used for the compaction of molding masses composed of either technical ceramics or ceramic matrix composites reinforced with carbon nanotubes are surveyed. This stage that precedes debinding and sintering plays the key role in getting pore-free equal-density ceramics at the scale of mass production. The methods include: compaction in sealed and collector molds, cold isostatic and quasi-isostatic compaction; dynamic compaction methods, such as magnetic pulse, vibration, and ultrasonic compaction; extrusion, stamping, and injection; casting from aqueous and non-aqueous slips; tape and gel casting. Capabilities of mold-free approaches to produce precisely shaped ceramic bodies are also critically analyzed, including green ceramic machining and additive manufacturing technologies.


In this paper, we consider the following fractional critical Schrodinger-Poisson system without perturbation terms \begin{document}$ \begin{equation*} \begin{cases} (-\Delta)^su+V(x)u+K(x)\phi u = |u|^{2_s^{\ast}-2}u & \hbox{in $\mathbb{R}^3$,} \\ (-\Delta)^t\phi = K(x)u^2& \hbox{in $\mathbb{R}^3$,} \end{cases} \end{equation*} $\end{document} where \begin{document}$ s\in(\frac{3}{4},1) $\end{document} , \begin{document}$ t\in(0,1) $\end{document} . Under some suitable assumptions on potentials \begin{document}$ V(x) $\end{document} and \begin{document}$ K(x) $\end{document} , we show that the ground state positive solutions do not exist, by using the topological argument, we establish the existence of positive bound state solutions in the range \begin{document}$ (\frac{s}{3}\mathcal{S}_s^{\frac{3}{2s}},\frac{2s}{3}\mathcal{S}_s^{\frac{3}{2s}}) $\end{document} .


A visit to an art museum is essentially a visual experience. Hence the system of lighting is extremely important since it affects the way they can be appreciated and how they are presented to the viewer illumination also influences the environment and even the functional and security conditions of the museum. Consequently the design of the illumination should take account of the needs of the visitors, the museographic requirements and the environment.
Additionally, the absolute necessity for the pictures to be properly conserved also imposes certain conditions on the type of illumination.

In this context reference is made to the current knowledge and technical criteria on the conditions that must be met by museum lighting if the previously mentioned requirements are to be satisfied. It is emphasized that this is affected by other factors, unrelated to the illumination, such as the quality of walls, the architecture of the building and its surroundings. The basic reasons for the choice of natural or artificial light are discussed, i.e., the advantages or other wise of these alternatives, and some of the installations carried out in various museums are described.


Modulation schemes play a key role in effectively driving the current source converter (CSC). Among various modulation schemes, the carrier-based pulse width modulation (CB-PWM) has gained much attention owing to its inherent auto-sequencing process. However, the fixed switching patterns in the existing CB-PWM methods reduce the available degrees of freedom, which imposes underlying restrictions on the performance of a CSC (e.g., to minimize the switching frequency or to reduce the current ripple). To address this issue, an innovative concept of two-stage modulation, which modulates the active and zero current vectors in a switching sequence, respectively, in two stages, is explored in this article. Based on that, this article proposes a generic CB-PWM scheme with adjustable switching patterns for flexibly modulating the CSC. Its mechanism is presented to develop its modulation characteristics. It shows that the proposed PWM scheme can flexibly achieve different modulation objectives by only adjusting the offset voltage in the second stage. Three derivations of the proposed scheme have then been discussed in detail, which can achieve a minimized switching frequency, a reduced dc-link current ripple, or a compromise between them. Representative experimental results have been provided to verify the effectiveness of the proposed modulation scheme.


The authors have studied the effects of testosterone propionate on the lacrimal gland of the mouse. Repeated injections of the hormone have determined some structural and functional modifications of the gland. The former were characterized by cytoplasmic vacuoles; the latter by an increase of glycoprotein material. The androgen used seemed to stimulate the synthesis of high molecular weight carbohydrates in a tissue that per se is mainly protein secreting.


Bio-briquette is a new kind of coal briquettes made of coal and biomass,through the process of high pressure,high temperature or the handle of biomass.The paper introduces three kinds of forming process,and summarizes their production crafts,mechanism and the current development.At the end of this paper,the prospect and orientation of bio-briquette research are discussed.


Data has become a critical factor of production in China's digital economy development. Internet platforms, in their pursuit of market dominance, engage in data monopolies that impede the healthy growth of the market economy. Data monopolies on internet platforms manifest in various forms, posing threats to other market entities and consumers' rights. The formation of platform data monopolies can be attributed to the nature of data itself, as well as deficiencies in government and legal regulations. Although laws such as the Anti-Monopoly Law and the Price Law provide certain regulations and government oversight, the current provisions are disconnected from practical implementation, resulting in limited effectiveness in governing platform data monopolies. To eliminate adverse factors that hinder fair market competition and protect consumers' legitimate rights, this paper argues for governance principles based on marketization and the rule of law. It suggests establishing clear governance rules for platform obligations and adopting a governance approach that combines corporate self-governance, government regulation, and social supervision.


Abstract There is ongoing interest in the replacement of energy-intensive thermal curing of thermosetting composites by radiation curing methods. These include curing by γ-rays, electron beams (EBs), ultra-violet (UV) light, and microwaves. In this short review, the pros and cons of the main radiation curing routes are described in comparison to thermal cure. Issues that will dictate the choice of curing method include the penetration depth of the radiation, capital equipment considerations, and health and safety. EB curing has a number of potential advantages over thermal cure, but is limited to specific types of resin, e.g. cationic curing epoxy resins. These often differ in terms of final properties from the usual resins qualified for aerospace applications. UV cure is limited to relatively thin and UV-transparent sections. Microwaves are attractive for pultrusion applications, but have a major limitation in the inability to use metal tooling. Although a range of applications of radiation curing have been evaluated, the widespread use of such technologies in aerospace is still some way off and may be limited to niche markets for the foreseeable future.


After lychee fruit was treated with endophytic bacteria,its preservation effect and the change of the content of soluble sugar,reducing VC,organic acids and amino acids were studied.The results showed that endophytic bacteria had good preservation effect,the healthy fruit rate was 20.45%-31.48% after lychee fruit treated with BS-2 and TB2 was kept for 6 d.The endophytic bacteria BS-2 and TB2 could decrease the content of soluble sugar,and increase the content of VC and organic acids,the content of VC after lychee fruit treated with BS-2 was kept for 9 d increased by 171.74% comparing with the contrast.In addition,the content of amino acids was higher than the contrast except glycine,alanine and arginine,after lychee fruit treated with BS-2 was kept for 7 d,the total amount of amino acids was the same as that of freshly picked fruit.


A reasonable and balanced diet is essential for maintaining good health. With the advancements in deep learning, automated nutrition estimation method based on food images offers a promising solution for monitoring daily nutritional intake and promoting dietary health. While monocular image-based nutrition estimation is convenient, efficient, and economical, the challenge of limited accuracy remains a significant concern. To tackle this issue, we proposed DPF-Nutrition, an end-to-end nutrition estimation method using monocular images. In DPF-Nutrition, we introduced a depth prediction module to generate depth maps, thereby improving the accuracy of food portion estimation. Additionally, we designed an RGB-D fusion module that combined monocular images with the predicted depth information, resulting in better performance for nutrition estimation. To the best of our knowledge, this was the pioneering effort that integrated depth prediction and RGB-D fusion techniques in food nutrition estimation. Comprehensive experiments performed on Nutrition5k evaluated the effectiveness and efficiency of DPF-Nutrition.


For polystyrene foam the residual deformation after 70% compression is ~ 50% of the initial height [1], while the elasticity modulus on uniaxial compression changes from 5 to 45 kgf/cm 2 with an increase in the density of the foam from 15 to 90 kg/m 3. Consequently, a higher plastic deformation is observed for the friction of the foamed plastic than for the friction of normal polystyrene. During friction the plastic foam will flow around the microroughnesses of the sliding surface and the true area of contact will be determined chiefly by the elastic properties of the plastic foam, whose elasticity modulus is 104 times less than that of the metal. This enables us to suppose that the law of friction for the plastic foam differs from that for polystyrene and should be close to the law of friction for materials in elastic contact.


The measure of how closely lines can be resolved in an image is called spatial resolution. Spatial resolution in digital radiography is determined by detector characteristics and by factors includes un-sharpness due to focal spot size of X-Ray tube & geometric magnification of the object of radiography. The modulation is obtained from the difference between the max & min pixel value at each spatial frequency and expressed in the form of Modulation Transfer Function (MTF). In this study, the spatial resolution was measured in Line Pair per centimetre (LP/cm) and MTF was analytically calculated by taking images of Converging Line Pair (CLP) on FPD because the CLP generates square wave of signal similar to bar pattern test object which is one of the methods for the calculation of MTF. The MTF graph was plotted up to the max spatial resolution obtained in the images of CLP taken with two different X-Ray focal spot and at four different geometric magnifications. This paper describes how the geometric magnification affect the spatial resolution measured in LP/cm.


Successfully managing employees' corporate social performance (CSP) perceptions requires insights into their antecedents. However, not much is currently known on the subject. We contribute to the micro-level corporate social responsibility (CSR) literature in two ways: (a) we investigate the antecedents of employees' CSP perceptions; (b) we integrate both customers' perceptions of CSP-as these are construed by employees-and employees' own CSP perceptions into a comprehensive framework. Specifically, we examine (a) the antecedent role of employee-customer CSR causal meta-attributions (i.e., what employees think customers think about the company's motives underlying CSR programs); and (b) the antecedent and moderating role of employee-customer CSP meta-perceptions (i.e., what employees think customers think about the company's overall social performance) on employees' CSP perceptions and, in turn, on employees' affective organizational commitment. Our study highlights that employees' CSR assessments are more complex than previously thought with employees guessing the perceptions (and attributions) others make about their firm.


To verify the ideas about neotectonic and modern stresses of Sakhalin, we analyze structural and geomorphological signs of the stress state of this region, discovered during field work in 2019–2020. Along with updated field measurements using the structural-geomorphological method, data on crustal deformation based on GPS/GLONASS measurements are presented. Data from geophysical studies (seismological and borehole methods) are given. The identification of three types of areas with different geodynamic regime: transtension, transpression and strike – slip (simple shift) is confirmed. Variations of the current stress field at the boundaries of regions with different geodynamic regime for the formation of new faults are noted. Northern Sakhalin has specific directions of compression axes of neotectonic stresses, expressed in North-Eastern orientations, in contrast to the prevailing sublatitudinal orientations on the entire island. Studies have shown that in the south of Sakhalin, the border between the Amur and Okhotsk microplates runs along the West Sakhalin fault rather than the Central Sakhalin fault.


AM1 and PM3 semi-empirical methods were used to conduct theoretical studies on possible polymorphs of pentanitromonoformylhexaazaisowurtzitane (PNMFIW), and a close link between PNMFIW and Hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (HNIW), especially in sensitivity, is shown. The optimized geometries of possible polymorphs of PNMFIW are similar to those of HNIW. PNMFIW in e-HNIW prepared from tetraacetyldiformylhexaazaisowurtzitane is predicted to have a D-form. The average NN bond lengths of PNMFIW computed by AM1 and PM3 methods are shorter than those of HNIW. The differences in energy and thermochemistry values between PNMFIW and HNIW are insignificant except molecular energies 255.75 kJ⋅mol−1 for D-form PNMFIW and 460.36 kJ⋅mol−1 for e-HNIW. Based on a Mulliken population analysis of the NN bonds, the impact sensitivities of A-, B-, C- and D-forms of PNMFIW are estimated to be lower than those of the corresponding polymorphs of HNIW. Taking into account all NN bond lengths and overall molecule size, the shock sensitivities of all forms PNMFIW are predicted to be almost the same, and lower than those of HNIW.


Respirators provide protection from inhalation exposure to dangerous substances, such as chemicals and infectious particles, including SARS-COVID-laden droplets and aerosols. However, they are prone to exposure to stale air as masks create a microclimate influenced by the exhaled air. As a result, exhaled air from lungs accumulating in the mask produces a warm and humid environment that has a high concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2), unsuitable for re-inhalation. Fans are a favorable option for respirators to ventilate the mask and remove the stale air. This study utilized computational fluid dynamics simulation consisting of a hybrid Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes-large eddy simulation turbulence method to compare the inhalation flow properties for different fan locations (bottom, top, and side) with regular respirator breathing. Three mask positions, top, side, and bottom, were evaluated under two breathing cycles (approximately 9.65 s of breathing time). The results demonstrated that adding a fan respirator significantly decreased internal mask temperature, humidity, and CO2 concentration. The average CO2 concentration decreased by 87%, 67%, and 73% for locations bottom, top, and side, respectively. While the top and side fan locations enhanced the removal of the exhaled gas mixture, the bottom-fan respirator was more efficient in removing the nostril jet gas mixture and therefore provided the least barrier to respiratory function. The results provide valuable insight into the benefits of fan respirators for long-term use for reducing CO2 concentration, mask temperature, and humidity, improving wearer safety and comfort in hazardous environments, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic.


This study was set to reveal students'errors in speaking. The errors were limitted to surface strategy taxonomy errors with the focus of morphological and syntactical errors. The study was carried out under a mixed-method design where both quantitative and qualitative data were both needed. 33 students of ELESP Lambung Mangkurat University participated in this study. The participants were asked to orally create a story based on sequence pictures given to them. The recordings of students' stories were then transcribed and analyzed. The results of the study suggested that 249 errors from different categories occured in students' stories. The most prominent errors were found in Omission and Misinformation categories. The errors suggested students' lack of understanding in English grammatical rules. However, despite the errors, students' stories were still easy to comprehend. Keywords: errors; speaking; surface strategy taxonomy; morphology; syntax


An approximate solution of the Fokker-Planck equation with the nonlinear drift term due to a Schlogl model is obtained and the result is compared with the methods proposed by Suzuki. Also the effect of nonlinearity on the correlation length at the stable steady state is studied.


This paper analyzes how wealth managers can add value to social entrepreneurs, and vice versa. While there is growing enthusiasm about a new golden era of philanthropy, philanthropists in fact often struggle with translating a philanthropic aspiration into effective support of a specific set of organizations or causes. The menu of civil society organizations to choose from is large and growing. The sector suffers from a lack of transparency regarding performance. In a market with insufficiently strong signals as to who creates the greatest impact with scarce resources, search costs remain high for both grant makers and grant seekers. One study of the U.S. nonprofit sector puts the combined costs of grantmaking and fundraising at 22%-43%, compared to 2%-4% in the for-profit sector. From a rational choice perspective, compared to the world of business the capital allocation process in civil society can therefore be regarded as inefficient. For impact-minded philanthropists, there are two ways of dealing with this inefficiency. They can seek to channel their giving through pathways that operate with lower transaction costs. This is mainly an exercise in the aggregation of supply of and demand for funds. Or they can try to channel their giving to initiatives at the front end with a high delta in terms of social impact, thus compensating for inefficiencies in the capital allocation process. This is mainly an exercise in identifying initiatives with disruptive, high-impact patterns (this is what drives transaction costs, so one needs to work hard not to fall in the trap of the zero-sum game). In this context, more and more philanthropists view social entrepreneurs as an exciting new conduit for social change. The best among them seem to hold out the promise of innovative, entrepreneurial ways to turn the tide on some longstanding social issues. Moreover, the notion of dealing with entrepreneurs in the social sector naturally resonates with individuals who are business savvy and feel comfortable with practical people who know a thing or two about how to get things done. As philanthropists become increasingly intrigued by the idea of behaving like a venture capitalist in the social sphere, who "invests" in entrepreneurial individuals and their business models for social change, this enlarges the potential role to be played by those whose core competence are investments: the financial services industry. In the past few years, social entrepreneurs have begun to spark a great deal of interest among wealth managers and investment bankers. The paper analyzes the underlying sustainability of social entrepreneurs, as well as issues around timing and involvement.


CH 4 is a major component of natural gas, widely derived from energy and agriculture production 1 . However, the high chemical stability of CH 4 seriously challenged the feasibility of this synthesis pathway under mild operating condition. Non-thermal plasma is widely regarded as a novel molecular activation technology, which can easily initial chemical reactions under mild conditions 2 . In this work, the conversion of CH 4 -CH 3 OH to C2-C4 value-added alcohols was enabled by nanosecond pulsed plasma. We mainly investigated the effects of reactant composition on electrical characteristics and conversion performance.


Cloud computing has been the most popular and promising concept in the new century with no doubt, which is the most important strategy filed to occupy for IT giants. It is said to lead the 3rd IT revolution, so it will affect every organization, enterprise and individual and therefore the process of informatization of China definitely. Literatures about informatization are reviewed in this paper, characters from market angle are concluded, and expectation is drawn to lead Cloud Computing informatization. DOI:  http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/telkomnika.v10i4.879


Laxatives when used properly and intermittently are safe; there is, however, the potential for abuse. Potentially serious reactions such as 'cathartic colon' can occur with overuse of stimulant laxatives. Metabolic disturbances, allergic reactions, and carcinogenic effects have also been reported.


Introduction:
 Acute stroke treatment trials have long used radiological endpoints of infarct size and hemorrhage burden to quantify treatment effect. Automated imaging pipelines analyzing cerebral morphometry have become more ubiquitous and can provide more comprehensive insight by measuring specific brain compartments. We piloted a feasibility study to integrate these imaging analyses into an established multicenter stroke trial, the NeuroNEXT trial NN104 (RHAPSODY), which investigated the effect of 3K3A-APC, a recombinant variant of activated protein C active at PAR-1.

 Methods:
 Using a well-validated Advanced Normalization Tools (ANTs) pipeline and the MindBoggle OASIS-30 Atropos template, gross compartments of hemispheric white matter, cortical grey matter, and subcortical grey matter were calculated from MRIs from participants >7 days post stroke. Fourteen participants treated with placebo were included, and eleven treated with 3K3A-APC.

 Results:
 Participants treated with placebo had mean volumes of 220.0mL, 276.5mL, and 21.7mL in ipsilateral cortical grey matter, white matter, and subcortical grey matter, respectively. Participants in the treatment arm had mean volumes of 227.4mL, 243.7mL, and 21.4mL.

 Discussion:
 We present a novel application of dynamic cerebral morphometry software that can be implemented in future large scale multi center stroke trials. This study is limited by its small sample size, and while no treatment effect was observed in this feasibility study, we plan to further refine our algorithm to include more heterogenous, clinically acquired imaging protocols, define more specific compartments, and to ultimately correlate with clinical outcomes.


We demonstrate that a joint analysis of LSST-like ground-based imaging with Euclid-like space-based imaging leads to increased precision and accuracy in galaxy shape measurements. At galaxy magnitudes of $i \sim 24.5$, a combined survey analysis increases the effective galaxy number density for cosmic shear studies by $\sim 50$ percent in comparison to an analysis of each survey alone. Using a realistic distribution of galaxy sizes, ellipticities and magnitudes down to $i = 25.2$, we simulate LSST-like and Euclid-like images of over one million isolated galaxies. We compare the precision and accuracy of the recovered galaxy ellipticities for four different analyses: LSST-only, Euclid-only, a simultaneous joint-pixel analysis of the two surveys, and a simple catalogue-level survey combination. In the faint and small-galaxy regime, where neither survey excels alone, we find a $\sim 20$ percent increase in the precision of galaxy shape measurement when we adopt a joint-pixel analysis, compared to a catalogue-level combination. As the statistical power of cosmic shear is dominated by intrinsic ellipticity noise, however, this improvement in shape measurement noise only leads to a $\sim 5$ percent improvement in the effective number density of galaxies for lensing studies. We view this as the minimum improvement that should be expected from a joint-pixel analysis over a less accurate catalogue-level combination, as the former will also improve the capability of LSST to de-blend close objects.


Control schemes and sensor types for the nonaxisymmetric resistive wall mode (RWM) stabilization in the DIII-D tokamak are compared. The analysis is based on a system response model for the RWMs in DIII-D and the modelling uses a toroidal current sheet to represent the plasma surface and a combination of helical and circulating "picture frame" currents to represent the conducting structure. The instability driving term and corresponding growth rate are derived from specification of the critical wall distance beyond which the mode will be magneto hydro dynamic unstable. Based on this model, control analysis is applied to investigate achievable closed loop behavior in terms of damping, robustness and control activity. The results show that with reasonable control signals, the RWMs can be stabilized. In addition, with sensors inside the wall, rather than outside, twice as good robustness towards variation in the RWM growth rate is achieved.


Plant-herbivore interactions mediated by plant-plant signaling were documented in different species. Here, we tested if herbivore foraging activity on plants was influenced by plant's prior contact with a damaged plant and if the effect of such plant-plant signaling was variable across genotypes. We filmed snails during one hour on two plants differing only in a prior contact with a damaged plant or not. We replicated eight times the experiment on 113 natural genotypes of Arabidopsis thaliana. We recorded snails' first choice, and measured its first duration on a plant, the proportion of time spent on both plants and leaf consumption. On average, snails spent more time on plants that experienced a prior contact with a damaged plant, and consumed them more. However, plant-plant signaling effect on snail behavior was variable across genotypes. Genome-wide association studies revealed that a small number of genetic polymorphisms related to stress coping ability and jasmonate pathway explained this variation. Plant-plant signaling modified the foraging activity of herbivores in A. thaliana. Depending on the plant genotype, plant-plant signaling made undamaged plants more repulsive or attractive to snails. This finding questions the theoretical basement of the evolution of plant-herbivore interactions mediated by plant-plant signaling. Highlight Plant-plant signaling differently affects snail foraging activity depending on genetic variations in A.thaliana. These findings question the theoretical basement of the evolution of plant-herbivore interactions mediated by plant-plant signaling.


Despite its relative novelty as a form of artistic expression in the Arab cultural scene, rap music emerged in the last decade or so as a fresh force of sociocultural and political dissent that cannot be disregarded in the study of youth and Arab culture. In a world that is currently shot through with insurrection and revolt, rap music is not only part and parcel of the exponential curve of change sweeping across, among others, Tunisia, Egypt, Libya, Yemen, Bahrain, Syria, and Morocco but also an indispensable feature of Arab culture itself or, at least, of what will have become of Arab culture in the aftermath of its ongoing transformation by rap and hip hop. This essay approaches the phenomenon of Arab rap music as an emergent form of cultural and communal intelligibility and solidarity whose simultaneous influence on and indebtedness to global hip hop and youth cultural movements has transformed it into an increasingly transnational collaborative project, bringing together a heterogeneous array of artists despite their dispersed geopolitical locations. While the history of rap music in the United States is replete with East Coast/West Coast dichotomies, clashes, and lethal rivalries as, for instance, in the case of Tupac Shakur (2Pac) and Christopher Wallace (the Notorious B.I.G.) in the mid- 1990s culture wars, the development of rap music into a worldwide youth phenomenon should be seen as a result of intense circulations, exchanges, borrowings, adaptations, hybridizations, and graftings of global


Aiming at the ZA type automotive synchronous belt, natural frequency of transverse vibration of automotive synchronous belt is analyzed theoretically by using model of string vibration, and ZA type automotive synchronous belt with belt length 400mm is analyzed by using ANSYS-WORKBENCH software. Solving natural frequency of belt under preload, the results are compared with the theoretical calculation results, and to verify the theoretical calculation results. It provides a basis to design multi-pulley driving system and reduce transverse vibration of synchronous belt in the process of transmission.


Summary A new approach to the study of the small lymphocyte is presented. Thoracic duct lymph cells from donor rats are injected into granuloma pouches in recipient rats and the transferred cells are studied both cytologically and histologically. Advantages and limitations of the new method are mentioned.


: The Warschauer Bibliothek , the first scholarly journal in Warsaw, was founded by Lorenz Christoph Mizler de Kolof (1711 – 1778) – who originally hailed from Saxony. However its publication, which advocated the transfer of enlightened knowledge and education practices in Poland, resulted in a number of conflicts and tensions that led to it being quickly abandoned. The Warschauer Bibliothek was an unfamiliar medium for the Polish public in two distinct ways: firstly as a publication in itself, scholarly journals were not well-known phenomena in Polish society at that point; and second-ly that Poles would be unfamiliar with the journal ' s critical approach to knowledge and thinking. As a result, the formation of the Warschauer Bibliothek did not automatically lead to an adoption of enlightened ways of thinking and practices of transferring knowledge. für seine Medicinische Ausarbeitungen,und Chymische Erfindungen, so sehr eingenommen, daß er solche, zum größten Verdrusse derer Liebhaber Polnischer Sachen, überall zu häufig ein-schaltet.


SUMMARY On the basis of the brush-type tyre model the paper considers the interaction between steady-state rolling deformable wheel and flat road surface as well as corresponding force and moment characteristics of the wheel. At least two zones of sliding, anisotropic dry friction, sliding friction coefficient speed-dependent and instantaneous leap of the friction coefficient when transition from sliding to adhesion zone occurs, have been taken into account, as well as distributed peripheral mass of tyre, elasticity, pseudo-dry friction and damping properties in radial, tangential and lateral directions of the elements at the wheel periphery, including a visco-elastic belt. Vertical force distribution in the contact area is not supposed to be known in advance and follows from the calculation. As a result, sliding zone lengths, distributed forces in contact area, six components of generalized road reaction reduced to the wheel center, and rolling resistance moment are found as functions of vertical load, m...


This thesis addresses integration of monolithic transformer, which focused on the analysis and modelling of the chip especially at radio frequencies (GHz). the classical network analysis technique is used to driven two port parameters of the microtransformer. Thus, the equivalent circuit model is obtained through both measurement and simulation with scattering parameters extraction.


PEGs were immobilized onto a poly(vinyl alcohol) hydrogel using either acetal or urethane linkages. The hydrogel was crosslinked with glutaraldehyde using MgCl 2 (water based) or toluenesulfonic acid (DMSO based) as the acid catalyst. Fully hydrated gels prepared from DMSO had a lower compression modulus than those prepared from water although both materials possessed similar water contents.


Green innovation has become an essential pathway to quality manufacturing development. This paper takes green innovation as a starting point to explore the impact of green innovation on enterprise performance and the regulatory effect of government grants, including fiscal subsidies and preferential taxation. An empirical study based on panel data of manufacturing firms listed in Shanghai and Shenzhen A-shares from 2011 to 2019 shows that green innovation contributes to improved enterprise performance. This paper studies the moderating impacts of financial subsidies and tax incentives using the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) Model with consideration for the two-way fixed effects. The model adopts Tobin's Q value as the explained variable and focuses on analyzing the influence mechanism of green innovation, financial subsidies, and tax incentives. Both fiscal subsidies and preferential taxation can strengthen the relationship between green innovation and enterprise performance, with the incentive effect of preferential tax being more pronounced when the two policies are pursued in parallel. In general, the regulatory impact of preferential taxation is more pronounced in high-tech manufacturing, while that of fiscal subsidies is in traditional manufacturing. Therefore, this study aims to provide reference suggestions for enterprises and governments to focus on green innovation and rationalize the use of government grants to improve enterprise performance.


The potential role of polymorphisms in the pfcrt and pfmdr1 genes and in vitro susceptibility to amodiaquine and desethylamodiaquine were explored in 15 chloroquine-resistant Colombian Plasmodium falciparum isolates. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in the pfcrt gene, including a newly reported mutation (S334N), were seen in isolates with decreased susceptibility to amodiaquine and desethylamodiaquine. The lowest susceptibility found to amodiaquine was observed in an isolate carrying a pfcrt and pfmdr1 Dd2-like haplotype, whereas a pfcrt haplotype related to the 7G8 Brazilian strain was found in a Colombian isolate with the lowest susceptibility to desethylamodiaquine. This exploratory study suggests that polymorphisms in the pfcrt and pfmdr1 genes play a role in amodiaquine and desethylamodiaquine resistance and warrants further study. The development and expansion of resistance to the mainstay antimalarials chloroquine (CQ) and sulphadoxinepyrimethamine (SP) are the major causes for the increased morbidity and mortality of P. falciparum. In response to the increasing resistance, combination therapy, and especially artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT), is now increasingly advocated as first-line therapy. The hypothesis is that a combination of drugs will achieve a more effective clinical and parasitologic cure, protect each other from the development of resistance, and reduce the overall rate of malaria. However, the choice of drugs is critical, especially bearing in mind the diversity and dynamics of P. falciparum and its possibility to develop different mechanisms of resistance. The 4-aminoquinoline amodiaquine (AQ) is an antimalarial compound structurally and functionally related to CQ. It is more effective against CQ-resistant P. falciparum strains, and it is currently used in combination with artemisinin derivatives or SP for uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria, both in Africa and South America (Colombia). AQ is absorbed quickly in the gastrointestinal tract and metabolized in the liver by the cytochrome P450 isoform CYP2C8. Its main metabolite is desethylamodiaquine (DEAQ), which seems to exert the main antimalarial effect because of its significantly longer elimination half-life. Several polymorphisms in two P. falciparum genes, pfcrt and pfmdr1, have been associated with resistance to 4-aminoquinoline antimalarial drugs. Mainly pfcrt 76T, but also pfmdr1 86Y, has been involved in the development of CQ resistance and has also been associated with therapeutic failures after AQ treatment in Sudan, Kenya, and Nigeria. In Colombia, where CQ-resistant P. falciparum is widespread but a more varied response to AQ has been found, the pfcrt 76T allele seems to be presently fixed and ubiquitous, whereas the pfmdr1 86Y allele seems to be rare. In vitro studies have shown that probably through the PFCRT protein, the Ca-transporter inhibitor drug verapamil (VP) may sensitize P. falciparum to CQ and to some extent to DEAQ but not to AQ. These differences between CQ and AQ/DEAQ and between AQ and DEAQ raise the hypothesis that other polymorphisms, maybe in the pfcrt or pfmdr1 genes, could mediate a decreased susceptibility to AQ and/or DEAQ. To address this hypothesis and to further explore the resistance mechanisms against AQ/DEAQ, we analyzed the relationship of pfcrt and pfmdr1 mutations in 15 Colombian P. falciparum isolates with their in vitro susceptibility to CQ, AQ, and DEAQ. Documented in vitro data from four P. falciparum reference strains (Dd2, HB3, 3D7, and 7G8) were also included in the analysis as comparators. The 15 P. falciparum culture adapted isolates, collected between 1999 and 2001 in three endemic areas along the Colombian Pacific Coast, were analyzed in a radioisotopic in vitro susceptibility assay for their response to CQ, AQ, and DEAQ. The isolates were defrosted, adapted to continuous culture in supplemented RPMI-1640, and synchronized with sorbitol. Ninety-six-well plates were coated with 50–3,200 nmol/L CQ and 5–320 nmol/L AQ and DEAQ after a 2-dilution factor (AQ and CQ were provided by the World Health Organization and DEAQ by the Walter Reed Army Institute). The final concentration of [H] hypoxanthine was 0.5 Ci/well and that of Albumax I was 0.5%. The samples were incubated at 37°C for 48 hours, and each assay was done in duplicate. The counts per minute (cpm) were measured in a scintillation counter (LS7500; Beckman Instruments, Palo Alto, CA), and the IC50s were calculated using the PROBIT program in SPSS 7.5 for Windows 98 (SPSS, Chicago, IL). The capacity of VP (V4629-1G; Sigma, St. Louis, MO) to sensitize P. falciparum to CQ, AQ, and DEAQ was tested in the isolates TA7519, CA2855, and Dd2 strain, according to the recently developed ELISA-histidine rich protein II (HRP2)–based assay. In vitro cultured parasites were diluted to an initial parasitemia of 0.05% and aliquoted into microculture 96-well plates pre-dosed with ascending concentrations of 16–2,020 nmol/L CQ, 2–270 nmol/L AQ, and 6–780 nmol/L DEAQ ± VP 0.8 mol/L. After incubation at 37°C for 72 hours, the samples were freeze-thawed, transferred, and processed in pre-coated ELISA plates (Cellabs, New South Wales, Australia) for spectrophotometric analysis (Multiskan EX; Thermo Labsystems, Helsingfors, Finland) of parasite growth. The IC50 values were determined using HN-NonLin V1.05 Beta H. Noedl 2001 (http://malaria.farch.net). All samples were done in quadruple. * Address correspondence to Diego F. Echeverry, International Center for Medical Research and Training (CIDEIM), Avenida 1 Norte 3-03, Cali, Valle, Colombia. E-mail: email@example.com Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg., 77(6), 2007, pp. 1034–1038 Copyright © 2007 by The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene


Objective To study the mechanism of acute leukemic bone marrow stroma in leukemia development.Methods With the method of bone marrow stromal cell culture system or co-culture system of bone marrow stromal cells, investigate the growth properties of leukemic bone marrow stroma, the expression of VCAM-1(vascular cell adhesion molecule-1),Fn(fibronectin) and the content of IL-6(interleukin-6),TNF-α(tumor necrosis factor-alpha) in culture medium.Results The growth of acute leukemic bone marrow stromal cells was delayed. The time of sticking to wall, the time of microplexus formation, the time of colony formation, the time of confluence formation, were all significantly delayed (P0.05). The number of CFU-F and the content of VCAM-1 in stromal cells was respectively significantly decreased with that of controls(P0.05),in addition, the content of Fn in stromal cells from acute leukemia was identical with that of controls(P0.05),whereas, the content of IL-6 and TNF-α in the culture medium from acute leukemic bone marrow stromal cells was significantly increased compared with that of controls.Conclusion There were many abnormalities in hematopoietic inductive microenvironment(HIM)of acute leukemia.


This volume covers scientific topics from cellular pathogenesis to global pandemics to promote discussion and update researchers, academics, governmental and NGOs representatives, technicians, veterinarians and other professionals from the industry sector interested in tropical veterinary medicine.


The accurate dynamic analysis of concrete gravity dams relies heavily on employing a two-dimensional semi-infinite fluid element. The usual method for calculating the impedance matrix of this fluid hyper-element is dependent on the solution of a complex eigen-value problem for each frequency. In the present study, a modified efficient procedure is proposed which simplifies this procedure significantly, and results in great computational time saving. Moreover, the accuracy of this technique is examined thoroughly and it is concluded that modified efficient procedure is extremely accurate under all practical conditions. It is also shown that the original efficient method proposed in a previous study can be considered as a special case of the present more general procedure.


This chapter focuses on the drying behaviour of a single wet granule before tableting, using a six-segmented uidized bed drying system. The drying model is based on a model described by Mezhericher et al. [2007] and consists of two submodels. In the rst drying phase (submodel 1) the surface water evaporates, while in the second drying phase (submodel 2) the water inside the granule evaporates. The second submodel contains an empirical power coefcient, β. A Local Sensitivity Analysis (LSA) was performed to study the in uence of model parameters on the moisture content of single pharmaceutical granules, which clearly points towards the importance of β on the drying behaviour. Experimental data with the six-segmented uidized bed dryer were collected to calibrate β. A dependency between β and the gas temperature was found, and three candidate model structures were analysed by using di erent model selection criteria (linear, quadratic and exponential). Model selection is an important step in any model development. When computing di erent model selection criteria, di erent conclusions could be drawn with regard to


Very little research is available on patenting in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Existing literature and survey reports suggest that patenting is a less preferred form of intellectual property right (IPR) being exercised by SMEs compared to large enterprises. In this paper, we focus on 1) understanding why patenting is not the preferred form of IPR practice in Canadian SMEs, and 2) identifying patenting strategies that can be used effectively by Canadian SMEs. The paper is based on a detailed review of literature and secondary data available through sources such as industry publications and Statistics Canada.


Synthetic musk compounds are common additives in numerous consumer products such as detergents or personal care products, and have become in important emerging contaminants due to their spread use, what makes that these ubiquitous compounds may be found in different environmental matrices. Musk compounds can be divided in three families: polycyclic, macrocyclic and nitro musks, being musk ketone included in the last family. Their lipophylic nature makes them to have slow biodegradation rates and tend to bioaccumulate in environmental compartments, reasons why their determinations in environmental samples undergo an increasing interest.


Abstract The electrical conductivity of lead-titanate ceramics and influence of doping have been studied. The electrical conductivity anomaly in the Curie temperature range has been noted. The results of determining the nature of conductivity have been described. The data on changing the value and type of conductivity with reduction have been given. The relaxation polarization in the range of low frequencies has been studied. The observed phenomena can be accounted for by a mechanism of conductivity based on the role of oxygen vacancies.