Background Depression, anxiety and physical function may be bi-directionally related. We aim to estimate the strength of the longitudinal associations between depression, anxiety and physical function. Methods Prospective cohort study of general practice attendees across Europe (N=4757) assessed at baseline, 6, 12 and 24 months. Main outcome measures were Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IV major depression, Patient Health Questionnaire anxiety and Short Form 12 physical function. Complete-case analyses using random coefficient models and logistic regression models were performed. Results Those with depression (β=−1.90, 95% CI −3.42 to −0.39), anxiety (β=−4.12, 95% CI −5.39 to −2.86) or depression and anxiety (β=−5.74, 95% CI −7.38 to −4.10) had lower levels of physical function at baseline and over time compared with no diagnosis after adjustment for potential confounders. Physical function increased over time, but the rate of increase was not different between the groups. When compared with depression, those with anxiety (β=−2.22, 95% CI −4.08 to −0.36) or depression and anxiety (β=−3.83, 95% CI −5.95 to −1.71) had significantly lower levels of physical function at baseline. Lower levels of physical function at baseline were associated with onset of depression (OR 1.83, 95% CI 1.08 to 3.10) but even stronger with anxiety (OR 2.79, 95% CI 1.52 to 5.12) or depression and anxiety (OR 5.05, 95% CI 2.55 to 9.99) during 24 months compared with no dysfunction, after adjustment for potential confounders. Conclusion It is essential to prevent lower levels of physical function as this is likely to lead to onset of depression and anxiety over time.


Describes an algorithm that allows high-precision measurement using microcontrollers. The precision of measurements using any digital computer is limited by the finite clock frequencies present in the system. The proposed algorithm overcomes this limitation by dynamically adjusting the measurement time as a function of the required precision and the clock frequency present in the system. Speed and phase measurements are described to illustrate the algorithm. The examples considered have been implemented in electricity generating equipment.<<ETX>>


This work is devoted to solve reactive power and poor power factor problems that occur during the integration of renewable energy sources into the grid. For that, a Distributed Static Synchronous Compensator (D-STATCOM) is proposed. A comparative study of the compensator performance is done with a linear PI-feedforward control technique and a decoupled adaptive fuzzy logic control (AFLC) method. The last one outperforms and it reduces the number of control loop, eliminates the interaction of LCL filter parameters. The AFLC damps the resonance phenomena and reduces the effect of harmonics on the power system around the resonance frequency. In addition, the AFLC had carried robustness even in the presence of structured and unstructured uncertainties. The investigation shows that the performance of the compensator is improved at the presence of the AFLC where the measured values track references perfectly without any overshoot.


Submitted: 18 January 2020 Revised: 09 February 2020 Accepted: 27 March 2020 An online-based transportation system has been created thanks to the industrial revolution 4.0, indirectly this system will slowly begin to shift transportation services such as travel that still uses conventional marketing systems. Social media is a media platform that focuses on the existence of users who facilitate them in their activities and collaborations. So in this case, the media can be seen as a virtual medium that strengthens between users as well as a social bond. According to social media is the media used by consumers to share text, images, sound, and video information both with others and companies and vice versa. With these unique characteristics, social media can be used as an effective business promotion tool. Wonderfull Bali is a company engaged in the field of travel tourism. In addition to travel tours, Wonderfull Bali also caters for events, car and motorbike rentals, spas & massages, shops, yoga, beauty, and skincare. The travel agent industry is no longer able to rely on walk-in service for ticket reservations and choosing travel packages, everything has changed with digital. Go-Digital is one of the Ministry of Tourism's strategic programs to win the market in the industrial era 4.0 to reach the target of 20 million foreign tourists in 2019. This research is expected to contribute to corporate leaders and marketing managers to make policies in determining marketing strategies based on results from the phenomenon under study.


Improper disposal of waste is a rampant problem that contributes to pollution. The objective of the study is to create an automatic waste segregator bin to be used by the households utilizing proximity sensors. Papers, plastics, and metals are the common wastes at home. Using proximity sensors such as inductive, and capacitive sensors, and with the help of motors the machine can automatically segregate the papers, plastics, and metals into their correct bins. The researchers created the whole setup of the motors and sensors using wood, pipe, screws, and nails to be able to create a functional segregator machine. Proving its effectiveness, testing procedures were conducted in detecting and segregating papers, plastics, and metals, then each was tested based on its maximum weight capacity, the detection time, and lastly, the success rate of being able to detect different types of wastes were tested. The results showed that the segregator has a success rate to detect 100% of metals accurately, 100% of papers, and 100% of plastics. The segregator bin has a maximum weight of 0.6 kg and an average detection time of 1.73 seconds. Through the different testing procedures, the researchers found that it is feasible to create an automated segregator bin using proximity sensors which is also a smart recycling bin as it was able to accurately detect papers, plastics, and metals. Although the researchers were able to attain the desired results, future researchers are still recommended to modify, innovate, and improve the automated waste segregator bin.


The macro economics factors have impact on stock exchange market. The ability of investor in understanding and predicting the future economics factor is useful for the investment decision. The objective of this research is to find the effects of inflation, interest rates, money supply and exchange rates on LQ 45 and Jakarta Islamic Index in Indonesia Stock Exchange.The data analysis used multiple regresssion. Using the data for period 2010-2013, The results of this study indicate that variable inflation and money supply have a positive significant influence on LQ 45 and Jakarta Islamic Index, exchange rate have a negative significant influence on LQ 45 and Jakarta Islamic Index, while interest rate have a negative significant influence on Jakarta Islamic Index, but negative unsignificant influence on LQ 45. The study have implication that investor should consider make economic factor when must on stock in LQ 45 and Jakarta Islamic Index.
Key words : macro economic variables, inflation, interest rate, money supply, exchange rate, LQ 45 and Jakarta Islamic Index.


We review the notions of migration of the people, their identities and trends from ethnography. From two fishing regions in southeastern Mexico: Arriaga, Chi...


An antibacterial underwear material comprises an inner layer, an outer layer and a middle layer, and is characterized in that the middle layer is located between the inner layer and the outer layer, the inner layer and/or the outer layer adopt/adopts natural antibacterial fiber fabric, and the middle layer adopts fabric treated by an antibacterial composite coating which comprises a base material coating and a surface coating. The underwear material is comfortable to wear, antibacterial, non-toxic and long in service life.


Future network is required to handle multi-media and multiple protocols. In addition to this «universality», «flexibility» to meet changing needs quickly and to utilize invested facilities at optimum efficiency is an important feature in a future network. This article describes an ATM platform which is «universal» to accommodate various services including POTS service and also «flexible» to changing environment


ABSTRACT This article provides an account of the role that agential realism might play in sex research, intersexuality and education, as well as the possibilities this opens up for research, institutions, policy, intersex communities and understandings of intersexuality. The account begins by addressing key issues in the field of sex research, intersexuality and education, then demonstrates how these may be read through an agential realist lens. This approach provides a more accountable means of thinking through matters of sexual difference and opens up more nuanced enquiry. Subsequently, the article speculates on what kinds of explorations of sex might emerge with future research and pedagogy, followed by an example of the ways in which this reading of sex has flow-on effects in relation to gender and sexuality, which are often taught alongside sexual difference. From consultations with members of the New Zealand intersex community, the article closes by discussing pertinent issues the community faces, which might be addressed in sex education.


Let g be a cubic polynomial with integer coefficients and n>9 variables, and assume that the congruence g=0 modulo p^k is soluble for all prime powers p^k. We show that the equation g=0 has infinitely many integer solutions when the cubic part of g defines a projective hypersurface with singular locus of dimension <n-10. The proof is based on the Hardy-Littlewood circle method.


In this paper, a proposed modification of conjugate gradient (CG) coefficient  method to solve unconstrained optimization problems is presented. A strong - Wolfe line search is used to generate  with sufficient descent direction and global convergence property is established. Numerical result are also presented based on the number of iterations and CPU times, the results have shown that the modified  performs better compare to other CG methods.


The sea cucumber (Holothuroidea) of the species Isostichopus fuscus is native of the
Pacific coasts of America, from Baja California in Mexico to northern Peru. This
animal was brought to the brink of extinction due to fishing without restraint to satisfy
the demands of the Asian market where it is traditionally consumed because of its
benefits to human health and its flavor. This project analyses the production and
commercialization of the sea cucumber to the Asian market and also introduces this
product to the Ecuadorian market by raising these animals in captivity, without further
exploit to the already limited marine natural resources. This product will be raised and
processed in Chanduy, in the province of Santa Elena. It will grow for one year before
it is slaughtered, processed, packed, and sold. A monthly, continuous production of
1,036.80 kg is estimated, which are packaged and exported to Hong Kong which is a
duty-free port, through the "free on board" (FOB) method. Hong Kong imported on the
last years an average of 4,651 tonnes of sea cucumber; of this entire amount only 1.5
tonnes were of the fuscus species from Ecuador mainly because the vast majority of
its limited supply depends on fishing. Anything that is unfit for export will be introduced
to the local market, having a demand of approximately 464,294 potential buyers in the
main cities of Ecuador. The project requires an investment of $574,200, an annual
expenditure of $319,108 and has an annual net income for the second year of
$194,384, reaching in the tenth year $612,295 of operations. The project has a
maximum annual break-even point of 4,457.42 kg. which represents 35.82% of total
production. It also has an IRR of 34% and NPV of $ 994,003, demonstrating this to be
an attractive and profitable project.


The increasing awareness of the role that the colonic microflora plays in maintaining host health within the gastrointestinal tract and systemically through the absorption of metabolites, has attracted a lot of interest, within the nutritional sciences, in developing dietary tools for controlling the colonic microflora. Among those dietary tools, prebiotics aim to improve health by stimulating numbers and/or activities of the beneficial bacteria in the gut, mainly bifidobacteria and lactobacilli. The ability of incorporating prebiotics in various food processes together with recent developments in understanding how prebiotics are metabolised by health promoting bacteria, allow us to specifically aim such dietary interventions towards selected population groups, such as infants and elderly, and disease states, such as colon cancer and irritable bowel disease.


Objective Hypernatremia is a common complication encountered during the treatment of neurocritically ill patients. However, it is unclear whether clinical outcomes correlate with the severity of hypernatremia in such patients. Therefore, we investigated the impact of hypernatremia on mortality of these patients, depending on the degree of hypernatremia. Methods Among neurosurgical patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) in a tertiary hospital from January 2013 to December 2019, patients who were hospitalized in the ICU for more than 5 days and whose serum sodium levels were obtained during ICU admission were included. Hypernatremia was defined as the highest serum sodium level exceeding 150 mEq/L observed. We classified the patients into four subgroups according to the severity of hypernatremia and performed propensity score matching analysis. Results Among 1146 patients, 353 patients (30.8%) showed hypernatremia. Based on propensity score matching, 290 pairs were included in the analysis. The hypernatremia group had higher rates of in-hospital mortality and 28-day mortality in both overall and matched population (both p<0.001 and p=0.001, respectively). In multivariable analysis of propensity score-matched population, moderate and severe hypernatremia were significantly associated with in-hospital mortality (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 4.58; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.15–9.75 and adjusted OR, 6.93; 95% CI, 3.46–13.90, respectively) and 28-day mortality (adjusted OR, 3.51; 95% CI, 1.54–7.98 and adjusted OR, 10.60; 95% CI, 5.10–21.90, respectively) compared with the absence of hypernatremia. However, clinical outcomes, including in-hospital mortality and 28-day mortality, were not significantly different between the group without hypernatremia and the group with mild hypernatremia (p=0.720 and p=0.690, respectively). The mortality rates of patients with moderate and severe hypernatremia were significantly higher in both overall and matched population. Interestingly, the mild hypernatremia group of matched population showed the best survival rate. Conclusion Moderate and severe hypernatremia were associated with poor clinical outcomes in neurocritically ill patients. However, the prognosis of patients with mild hypernatremia was similar with that of patients without hypernatremia. Therefore, mild hypernatremia may be allowed during treatment of intracranial hypertension using hyperosmolar therapy.


Objective: To describe a case of standard treatment–refractory hyperemesis gravidarum in which the patient's condition improved following the administration of oral clonidine. Case summary: A pregnant 32-year-old woman was admitted to hospital at 14 weeks' gestation. She was vomiting, with hypersalivation, epigastralgia, weight loss, ketonuria and hypokalemia, leading to a diagnosis of hyperemesis gravidarum. Several treatments were used to relieve the symptoms: hydration, pyridoxine, diphenhydramine, metoclopramide, ranitidine, pantoprazole, and ondansetron. Finally, oral clonidine was prescribed, resulting in the patient's significant and lasting symptomatic relief from hyperemesis gravidarum. Discussion: Hyperemesis gravidarum is a complication of pregnancy in up to 2% of cases. A number of drugs can be used for this condition, but some patients do not respond to the usual treatment. Clonidine is a central alphaadrenergic agonist used mainly as an antihypertensive. Limited data exist in the scientific literature to support its use in the treatment of refractory hyperemesis gravidarum. From a chronological and clinical standpoint, clonidine was effective in relieving hyperemesis gravidarum in this patient. Conclusion: This case report describes the use of clonidine in a patient with hyperemesis gravidarum that was refractory to standard treatment. The efficacy of this agent should be evaluated in clinical trials to better determine its therapeutic role.


ABSTRACT The study aimed to combine the different available data to understand the subsurface system and the characteristic of reservoirs in Asala Field to represent the vertical and lateral heterogeneity at the well, multi-well and field scale, which could be used as a tool for reservoir management. Seismic interpretation was conducted on the seismic sections that concerned the study area to make a detailed structural interpretation to determine the structural geometry of the horizons. Petro-physical well log analysis of the reservoir rock of Lower and Middle zones of Abu Roash "G" member has been done and mapped. The estimated volume of original hydrocarbon in place of Lower and Middle zones of Abu Roash "G" member has been calculated.


Approved to lower elevated potassium levels in the blood, patiromer should be taken six hours before or after other oral medications.


The main objective of this study was to identify the factors that militate against the use of pattern among fashion designers in Odeda local government area, Ogun state. The specific objectives are to; describe the social-economic characteristics of the respondents; identify the factors that affects the choice of cloth construction method among fashion designers; examine the rate of preference of freehand method to pattern use; examine if the literacy level (based on educational background) have any impact on their choice of cloth construction method; examine the views of fashion designers in relation to patternmaking and its use. There were four research questions from which two working hypotheses were formulated. The research design was an investigative process. A sample of 50 fashion designers was drawn from the target population of fashion designers in OdedaLga. A systematic random sampling technique was used to select the sample. Instrument used for the study was a structured questionnaire with options for ticking where necessary, 'yes and no', Strongly agree (SA), Agree (A), Strongly disagree (SD), and Disagree (D) to indicate the response of the designers. Descriptive analysis was used to analyse data collected. Findings from the study revealed that the major factors militating against the use of pattern among fashion designers in Odedalga are: lack of awareness and knowledge of the method; low technical know-how; their personal opinions/view and/or experiences; lack of available and accessible markets for materials and guide in patternmaking. With regards to these factors, some recommendations were made. They include: awareness programme should be organized by Home Scientists ( with specialty in Clothing and Textiles) to dressmakers in this locality to make use of patterns in sewing. Vocational studies on pattern making should be included in secondary schools curriculum to enhance the skills of potential fashion designers. Government should create an accessible market for the materials and guide used in making patterns.


Although incubation is considered important for overcoming resource challenges in technology ventures' early life, there is a doubt about its relevance in later development stages, when the initial idea is commercialized and the venture tries to grow. Building on the resource-based view of the firm and on a stage-based perspective of venture development, this study argues that the resource gaps facing technology ventures differ between different development stages, and that the support provided by incubators therefore needs to be adapted to the venture's development stage. We study the interaction between the iMinds incubator, located in Flanders, and eight technology ventures in its portfolio. In the Conception and Development stage, we observe resource gaps in terms of technical knowledge and access to end users, which the incubator addresses by offering direct technical support and access to its research and end user network. The subsequent Commercialization stage is dominated by business knowledge gaps, which the incubator amends through direct coaching and trainings. In the Growth stage, ventures typically lack the necessary team members, market players, and follow-up financiers to grow their firm. The incubator addresses these resource gaps by providing access to its network. In all development stages, the incubator's internal knowledge base, networking capabilities, and matching focus/selectivity are crucial in order for ventures to benefit from the incubator's support. Our study suggests that these underlying capabilities can either be developed organically, or through the merger of different research institutes. Moreover, it points to the importance of local embeddedness for the geographical extension of these capabilities. These findings contribute to the literature on incubation and on venture development. They have important implications for policy makers, incubation managers, and entrepreneurs seeking incubation support.


In this paper,we describe the establishment and content of EES-GIS emergency database,which includes database and map management as well as the damage loss pre- evaluation.The application of EES-GIS to the Jiujiang-Ruichang earthquake is also introduced.It shows that the application of EES-GIS is feasible and the database can improve the efficiency of damage-loss-evaluation when an earthquake happens.


4-fs, 1.9-mJ, pulses measurement with 40dB dynamic on +/- 500-fs temporal range was implemented by single-shot Self-Referenced Spectral Interferometry method. The experimental results agree well with pulse reconstruction from streaking with isolated attosecond pulses.


In this paper, we propose an advanced polar encoding scheme with successive cancellation list (SCL) decoder for visible light communication (VLC). As much high-profile channel coding methods, polar codes have achieved the symmetric capacity of binary-input discrete memoryless channels (B-DMCs) based on channel polarization. By taking advantages of simple recursive encoding structure and confirmed Shannon's noisy coding theorem, this advanced encoding scheme can exponentially decline Bit error rate (BER) and calculation number Rn of exclusive OR operation based on VLC channel. Numerical results have shown that, the proposed scheme can achieve about 0.3 dB SNR gain when near BER is 2 ×10−3. What's more, Rn decreases sharply by an exponential form of 2, which can reduce greatly the complexity for VLC systems and hardware implementation.


Each chapter concludes with "Summary," "Key Concepts," and "Review Questions." 1. Introduction to Criminal Justice Research Methods: Theory and Method. Scientific Research in Criminal Justice. Common Sense and Nonsense. Why Study Research Methods in Criminal Justice? The Emergence of Science and Criminal Justice. Probabilistic Nature of Science. Proper Conduct of Critical Inquiry. Exhibit 1.1: Merton's "Matthew Effect" in Science. Exhibit 1.2: The Paradigm Shift in Policing. Pure versus Applied Research. Exhibit 1.3: The Project on Human Development. Exhibit 1.4: Crime Analysis: Applied Criminal Justice Research. Qualitative and Quantitative Research. Researchese: The Language of Research. Examples of the Research Process. General Steps in Empirical Research in Criminal Justice. Problem Formulation: Selection of Research Problem. Problem Formulation: Specification of Research Problem. Exhibit 1.5: Feminist Perspectives and Research Methods. Exhibit 1.6: The World Wide Web. 2. Ethics in Criminal Justice Research. Ethical Horror Stories. Exhibit 2.1: AIDS Research in Africa and Asia: Is It Ethical? Exhibit 2.2: Legendary Research Scams. The Researcher's Role. Research Targets in Criminal Justice. Ethical Relativism. Ethics and Professionalism. Ethics in Criminal Justice Research. Confidentiality of Criminal Justice Research. A Code of Ethics for Criminology/Criminal Justice Research. Ethical Problems. Avoiding Ethical Problems. 3. Research Design: The Experimental Model and Its Variations. Types of Research Design. The Experimental Model. Research Design in a Nutshell. Causality. Rival Causal Factors. Internal Factors: Variables Related to Internal Validity. External Factors: Variables Related to External Validity. Related Rival Causal Factors. Other Rival Causal Factors in Criminal Justice Field Experiments. Experimental Designs. The Classic Experimental Design. Some Criminal Justice Examples of the Classic Experimental Design. Exhibit 3.1: The Kansas City Gun Experiment. Other Experimental Designs. Preexperimental Designs. Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Designs. Exhibit 3.2: The Cycle of Violence and Victims of Child Abuse. Quasi-Experimental Designs. Some Other Criminal Justice Examples of Variations of the Experimental Model. Exhibit 3.3: Evaluations of Shock Incarceration. The Experiment as a Data-Gathering Strategy. 4. An Introduction to Alternative Data-Gathering Strategies and the Special Case of Uniform Crime Reports. Alternative Data-Gathering Strategies. Social Surveys. Participant Observation. Life History and Case Studies. Unobtrusive Measures. The Special Case of Uniform Crime Reports. Exhibit 4.1: Applied Research: Geographic Information Systems (GIS). The Crime Index. Crime Rate. Cautions in the Use of UCR Data. Related UCR Issues. Exhibit 4.2: The Crime Dip of the Nineties. UCR Redesign. Exhibit 4.3: The National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS). 5. Sampling and Survey Research: Questionnaires. Types of Sampling. Exhibit 5.1: Applied Criminal Justice Research: Focus Groups and Mock Trials. Exhibit 5.2: Crime Profiling. Survey Research. Some Guidelines for Questionnaire Construction. Organization of the Questionnaire. Mail Surveys. Advantages of Mail Surveys. Disadvantages of Mail Surveys. Ways of Eliminating Disadvantages in Mail Surveys. Self-Reported Measures of Crime. Some Problems with Self-Report Surveys. Strengths of Self-Report Surveys. 6. Survey Research: Interviews and Telephone Surveys. Types of Interviews. Advantages of Interviews. Disadvantages of Interviews. Interviewing Aids and Variations. Exhibit 6.1: Public Opinion Polls. General Procedures in Interviews. Training and Orientation Session. Arranging the Interview. Demeanor of Interviewer. Administration of the Structured Interview. Probing. The Exit. Recording the Interview. Telephone Surveys. Advantages and Prospects of Telephone Surveys. Disadvantages of Telephone Surveys. Computers in Survey Research. Random Digit Dialing. Techniques Employed in Telephone Surveys. Victim Surveys in Criminal Justice. National Crime Victimization Survey. A Comparison of UCR, NCVS, and Self-Report Data. Some Problems in Victim Surveys. A Defense of Victim Surveys. Controlling for Error in Victim Surveys. Victim Surveys: A Balanced View. Redesign of the National Crime Victimization Survey. Exhibit 6.2: The Redesigned National Crime Victimization Survey. 7. Participant Observation and Case Studies. A Critique of Experiments and Surveys. A Defense of Quantitative Research. Participant Observation. Types of Participant Observation. Characteristics of Participant Observation. General Procedures in Participant Observation. Tips on Participant Observation. Exhibit 7.1: American Skinheads. Examples of Participant Observation. Exhibit 7.2: Islands in the Streets. Exhibit 7.3: This Thing of Darkness. Advantages of Participant Observation. Disadvantages of Participant Observation. Case Studies. Some Examples of Case Studies. Single-Subject Designs. 8. Unobtrusive Measures, Secondary Analysis, and the Uses of Official Statistics. Major Types of Unobtrusive Methods. Physical Trace Analysis. Use of Available Data and Archives. Exhibit 8.1: Automated Pin Mapping: Applied Criminal Justice Research Using GIS for Crime Analysis. Exhibit 8.2: Applied Criminal Justice Research: Statement Analysis as a Variation of Content Analysis. Exhibit 8.3: Applied Criminal Justice Research: Grid Analysis and Hotspot Analysis. Sources of Existing Data. Exhibit 8.4: X-Files at the Federal Bureau of Investigation. Observation. Exhibit 8.5: National Archive of Criminal Justice Data. Disguised Observation. Simulations. Advantages of Unobtrusive Measures. Disadvantages of Unobtrusive Measures. Chapter Appendix 8.1: Street Gang Crime in Chicago. 9. Validity, Reliability, and Triangulated Strategies. Levels of Measurement. Error in Research. Reasons for Lack of Validation Studies in Criminal Justice. Ways of Determining Validity. Reliability. Mythical Numbers. Drug Use Forecasting (DUF). Exhibit 9.1: ADAM. Other Examples of Research Validation. 10. Scaling and Index Construction. Exhibit 10.1: Score Yourself General Knowledge Survey. Scaling Procedures. Arbitrary Scales. The Uniform Crime Report as an Arbitrary Scale. Attitude Scales. Other Scaling Procedures. Crime Seriousness Scales. Prediction Scales. Advantages of Scales. Disadvantages of Scales. 11. Data Analysis: Coding, Tabulation, and Simple Data Presentation. Variables List. Computers. Data Management. Simple Data Presentation. The Frequency Distribution. Graphic Presentations. Table Reading. Steps in Reading a Table. How to Construct Tables. Presentation of Complex Data. General Rules for Percentaging a Table. Elaboration. Lying with Statistics. 12. Data Analysis: A User's Guide to Statistics. Why Study Statistics? Types of Statistics. Measures of Central Tendency for a Simple Distribution. Measures of Dispersion. Standard Deviation Units (Z Scores). Chi-Square (x^2). Chi-Square-Based Measures of Association. Nature and Types of Statistics. The t Test (Difference of Means Test). ANOVA (Analysis of Variance). Other Measures of Relationship. Correlation Coefficient (Pearson's r). Regression. Ordinal Level Measures of Relationships. Multivariate Analysis. Statistical Software. Caveat Emptor. The Ecological Fallacy. 13. Policy Analysis and Evaluation Research. Policy Analysis. Evaluation Research. Policy Analysis: The Case of the National Institute of Justice Research Program. A Systems Model of Evaluation Research. Types of Evaluation Research. Steps in Evaluation Research. Obstacles to Evaluation Research. Murphy's Law in Evaluation Research. Researchers and Host Agencies. Exhibit 13.1: Evaluating Intensive Supervision Probation/Parole. Appendix A: How to Write a Research Report. Appendix B: Table of Random Numbers. Appendix C: Statistics: An Addendum to Chapter 12. Measures of Central Tendency for Grouped Data. Standard Deviations for Grouped Data. Calculation of ANOVA. Regression Calculations. A Test of Significance for Gamma. Appendix D: Answers to Pop Quizzes in Chapter 12. Appendix E: Normal Curve Areas. Appendix F: Distribution of Chi-Square (x2). Appendix G: Proposal Writing and Evaluation. Proposal Writing. NIJ Proposal Format and Content. Evaluation of Research Proposals. References. Glossary. Name Index. Subject Index.


The electrochemical reduction of tetramethyl ethane‐1,1,2,2‐tetracarboxylate to dimethyl propanedioate (dimethyl malonate) and the similar cleavage of some substituted and some cyclic analogs are reported.


PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To reduce a load imposed on a wire when vibrating the wire of a wire saw to cut a workpiece.SOLUTION: A wire saw 1 comprises a wire row formed by winding a wire 4 between plural groove rollers 9a, 9b, a workpiece holding table 44 which presses a workpiece W to the wire row, and a vibrating block 20 to which the plural groove rollers 9a, 9b are supported pivotally and integrally, and cuts the workpiece W by pressing the workpiece W to the wire row. The vibrating block 20 is configured so that the plural groove rollers 9a, 9b are integrally vibrated and circularly-moved; the workpiece holding table 44 is configured so that the workpiece W can be elevated so as to be pressed to the wire row and the workpiece W can be moved horizontally along the wire 4 of the wire row; and associated with the vibration and circular motion of the vibrating block 20, the work holding table 44 is horizontally moved in the direction of reducing the load on the wire 4 at a cutting part.


The purpose of this paper is to capture varied perspectives of one of the important elements in the management of services known as service quality. This paper proposes that the current key focus for service academics should provide direction for planning, design and implementation framework to enhance the practical effectiveness of service quality. It deals with the fundamental concepts that underlie the subject of managing for service quality, and defines key terms and makes critical distinctions. It helps to identify the key processes through which service quality is to be managed. It does demonstrate that managing for service quality is a timeless concept, and it would further undergo frequent evolution in response to the endless emergence of changes and crises to be faced by human civilisation.


Two-dimensional Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) array can form the high-resolution three-dimensional (3D) image of the near-filed target, Azimuth resolution of 3D imaging depends on angle of antennas and targets. The further distance between arrays is, the worse result of azimuth resolution we get. In this paper, we propose a method based on highresolution 3D imaging of depth compensation, which makes resolution of target in different ranges same. The effect of parameter in depth compensation is discussed. Finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulation results validated the proposed method.


Tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) inhibitor treatment for patients who have rheumatoid arthritis (RA) probably will reduce, not increase, the risk of heart failure if it effectively reduces inflammatory activity.


The performance of small target detection restricts the development of the infrared search and track (IRST) system. Against the complicated background clutter of the infrared (IR) image, the small targets are difficult to separate from a noisy background. Aiming at solving the problem of residual background clutter in the local contrast method, a weighted three-layer window local contrast method (WTLLCM) is proposed in this letter. First, the images are filtered by a layered gradient kernel to enhance the contrast between targets and background. Then, a three-layer window is utilized to calculate the local contrast of the filtered images. Next, it is worth mentioning that a simple target aggregation strategy is considered to preserve the integrity of the target. Especially, a new region intensity level (NRIL) algorithm is proposed to weigh the local contrast map to further suppress the background. Finally, the targets are detected by adaptive threshold segmentation. Compared with state-of-the-art small targets detection baseline algorithms based on local contrast, extensive experimental results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed method, especially in complex backgrounds. And instead of utilizing multi-scale windows, multi-scale targets detection is accomplished by using a single-scale window to reduce the calculation of the method.


diarrhoea was investigated in one medical unit of the Royal Hospital for Sick Children, Glasgow, for a period of twelve months. Controls consisting of 101 infants without diarrhoea were investigated concurrently. Of 164 cases, six yielded specific pathogens (Sh. sonnei or Salm. typhi-murium) and 35 yielded the alpha strain and 14 the beta strain of Bact. coli in profuse or moderate growth on admission. Of the controls none yielded a profuse or moderate growth of either the alpha or the beta strain; three yielded the alpha strain and one the beta strain in scanty growth. Both the alpha and the beta strains tended to be found more often in the severe than in the milder cases and less often in those with a parenteral infection than in those without. No relation could be demonstrated between the duration of the diarrhoea and the occurrence of alpha or beta strain. No significant difference was found between the results of treatment with chloramphenicol and those with sulphonamide and/or penicillin, either for the whole series or for the alphaand beta-positive cases only. Results with terramycin were similar, but the numbers were few. It is concluded that, although the suspect strains of Bact. coli have been found in the faeces of a proportion of cases of infantile diarrhoea, the causal connexion has not been established, and further epidemiological studies are necessary to determine whether they can be regarded as in any way responsible for the disease in which they are found. The considerable fall in the incidence of infantile diarrhoea in the past few years adds difficulties to its investigation.


INTRODUCTION
The objectives were to see the nasal prominence norm and the gender dimorphism in nasal prominence measured by Holdaway's soft tissue analysis.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
The sample size was 100 (50 males and 50 females). The subjects included in the study were of Saudi origin with class I skeletal and dental relationship and all teeth present. The age group of the patients was between 18 and 28 years. The radiographs were traced and analyzed by two students and cross-checked by an orthodontist. The nasal prominence was measured according to the technique described by Holdaway.

RESULTS
The descriptive statistics were calculated for both male and female groups. The mean value of nasal prominence when male and female samples were combined was 14.08 mm. No statistically significant difference was found (p = 0.083) when genders were compared. The level of significance was set at p < 0.05.

CONCLUSION
No statistically significant difference was found when genders were compared. The value for males was normal while the value for females was less than Holdaway's normal.

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE
These values would aid in treatment planning for orthognathic surgery and orthodontic treatment.


One of the most pervasive phenomena characteristic of group interaction is structural differentiation. Groups tend to distribute their activity and their internally shared reinforcements in ways that allow them to resolve problems with which they are confronted by their environment: thus differentiation implies variable allocation of rewards across group members. These distributions often tend to be such that certain individuals or subgroups receive a substantially greater proportion of rewards or reinforcements than that merited by their inputs to the system; correspondingly other individuals receive proportionately less reward than what might be expected on the basis of their input. Such "differentiated" systems may occur as a result of the environmental problems facing groups and their attempts to resolve these problems. Structural differentiation may involve several processes in group interaction. A group may, for instance, reward some members more highly in correspondence with the perceived ability of these members to solve the problems with which the group is faced. Similarly, a group may reinforce certain individuals at higher rates because they are temporarily successful, only to shift reinforcement rates when environmental circumstances fail to support their judgment. Such dif-


We use the T-matrix formalism to compute light outcoupling through disordered internal scattering layers in OLEDs. The method can be used for particle-based volumetric scattering layers and for flat photonic layers based on nano-cylinders.


The current study investigated cytotoxicity and apoptotic activities selected indigenous medicinal plant extracts belonging to Withania somnifera of the family Solanacea and Tinospora cordifolia of the family Menispermacea in human breast cancer cells. Results revealed that ethanolic extracts of Withania somnifera and Tinospora cordifolia possessed dose-dependent cytotoxicity, induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in human breast cancer cells. The current study also investigated anti-cancer stem cells activity of selected medicinal plants. First, we established a side population (SP) analysis-based bioactivity guided assay for the isolation of phytochemicals targeting cancer stem cells. Treatment with doxorubicin, a widely used cancer chemotherapeutic drug, enriched for SP. This is consistent with the cancer stem cell hypothesis that predicts that current chemotherapeutic drugs reduce the burden of tumor, but leave behind the cancer stem cells population. However, we found that the ethanolic extracts of Tinospora cordifolia, significantly inhibited the SP phenotype. Bioactivity (based on anti-SP activity) guided isolation of Tinospora cordifolia extracts lead to the isolation of four compounds viz., TCD5-F2-C (TC-A), TCD5-F3-B (TC-B), TC-D4-A2 (TC-C) and TC-D3-A2 (TC-D) having potential anti-cancer activity. Elucidation of mechanisms of action revealed that these compounds inhibited cancer cell proliferation and induced apoptosis in breast cancer cells. The compounds also found to have cancer stem cell specific anticancer activity mediated via inhibition of side population, CD44 high CD24 low population, breast cancer spheres and cancer stem cell enriched cell line (NBLE CD44+/CD24-). Moreover, these compounds inhibited multidrug resistant (MDR) transporters, ABCB1, ABCG2 and ABCC1 suggesting that it may work as MDR modulators. Among all the four compounds investigated for anticancer activity, TC-B was found to have most potent activity. These phytochemicals will however have to be subjected to preclinical evaluations (in vivo mouse models), clinical trials, and toxicological studies for future therapeutic use as a potential chemotherapeutic drug for the effective treatment


Abstract— The effect of diazepam on cardiac contractility was investigated in electrically‐driven right ventricular strips of the rat. Diazepam produced a concentration‐dependent negative inotropic effect which was antagonized by either flumazenil, a benzodiazepine central‐type receptor antagonist, or PK 11195, a benzodiazepine peripheral type receptor antagonist. The results suggest that the inhibitory effect of diazepam on cardiac contractility in the rat is mediated by both central and peripheral benzodiazepine receptors.


The existing PDC cutters with rock interaction models does not match the actual drilling condition, because WOB can't be loaded on their equipment, the influence of the cutting velocity on the force of cutters doesn't be considered. A drilling experiment was carried out in the experimental device in which cutters can be loaded WOB. The relationship of cutting area, cutting speed, back dip angle of PDC cutter and rock performance with the force of PDC cutter were considered. The multiple nonlinear regression analysis were done on the basis of the experimental data, a new cutter-rock interaction model was established. The cutter area is the principal component influencing the force of cutters though the cluster analysis and principal component analysis. It is a logarithmic relationship between cutting velocity and the force of cutter, the theory of particle dynamics confirms this relationship.


The development of a college students' psychological management system has become an essential indicator to monitor and prevent the psychological crisis. University student management databases accumulate massive data, but the conventional data processing tasks are restricted to simple statistical analysis, storage, and query management. This paper discusses the application of big data technology for the current psychological management system by investigating psychological crisis screening indicators. Data mining techniques are used to realize the dynamic management of psychological early warning data, real-time monitoring of high-risk groups' psychology, and improvement of the accuracy and effectiveness of early identification and warning of students' psychological crisis. Based on a combination of qualitative and quantitative analysis, we conduct a series of studies on three typical types of network public opinions, i.e., Internet rumors, online public opinions of college students, and emergent public health incidents in terms of the transmission mechanism, early warning, and decision-making mechanism, as well as the evolution mechanism of the network public opinion.


P2P streaming technology has advantages of scalability and availability comparing to the popular IP multicast. This paper proposes an approach to apply the P2P streaming technology to the delay-sensitive multimedia multicast applications. In order for the P2P streaming to be applied to the delay-sensitive applications, prior construction of delay-guaranteed overlay network is necessarily required. Moreover, the delay-guaranteed overlay network should be able to be kept even when the hand-overs occur owing to the departures of the intermediate P2P peers. This paper proposes a delay-guaranteed overlay network construction method by using the bandwidth and end-to-end delay based admission control and the backup peer based hand-over control mechanism.


In this study the author draws on Jane Willis' TBL framework and examines its effects on the improvement of EFL learners' writing competence when such a framework is applied to college writing classrooms in Chinese EFL settings, and thus tentatively explores the feasibility of the task-based approach to the teaching of EFL writing. Results of this study are derived from discussion concerned with qualitative data and quantitative data yielded from a quasi-experiment designed for this research, and reveal that the application of Willis' framework for TBL to Chinese writing classrooms will have some positive influences upon college EFL learners' understanding of a good piece of English writing, greatly help them to solve some problems related to composing, and thereby significantly improve their writing competence. This study attempts to provide the teaching of EFL writing or even the discipline of teaching writing a feasible and effective approach.


The purpose of this study was to find soil-amendment materials those support the growth of Kentucky bluegrass and reduce salt accumulation at the sand based growing media in saline conditions. Rootzone profile in columns consisted of 20 cm of top soil, 20 cm coarse sand as capillary rise interruption layer and 10 cm reclaimed paddy soil as the base of the profile. Top soils were mixtures of dredged sand (DS) and amendment with compositions of 90% sand + 10% peat moss (SP), 80% sand + 10% soil + 10% bottom ash (SSoBa), 80% sand + 20% soil (SSo), 90% sand + 5% peat + 5% zeolite (SPZ), and 80% sand + 20% bottom ash (SBa). The top soil mixtures of DS and amendments were treated with and without gypsum (Gp). The columns were soaked into 5 cm depth saline water reservoir with the salinity level of 3-5 dSm -1 . Irrigation of 2 dSm -1 saline water with rate of 5.7 mm day -1 was applied by 3 day interval. Application of zeolite decreased SAR, application of gypsum decreased ECe of the sand amended by peat + zeolite and decreased the SAR of sand amended by bottom ash. The SP and SSoGp resulted in higher clipping dry weight of Kentucky bluegrass. The SSoGp and SPZGp showed longer root lengths. The SP and SBaGp showed higher visual quality. Addition of gypsum to soil and bottom ash treatments resulted in the increased shoot growth, whereas additional gypsum to the treatments of peat, soil and zeolite increased the root growth of Kentucky bluegrass.


The releasing of "Tianditu(www.tianditu.cn) " the Internet based national platform for common geographic information service,marks the important efforts made by the State Bureau of Surveying and Mapping on improving geographic information services,promoting the development of geographic information industry.The success of "Tianditu" thanks to the integration of technology innovation,service model innovation and organizational innovation.Currently "Tianditu" still has a long way to go for meeting various needs.More efforts will put on enriching information resources,improving service capacity and promoting applications.


Depression in the transition temperature of Glauber's salt due to the presence of WO42– and its polyanions have been measured at different pH values. The average degrees of condensation calculated from these measurements indicate the existence of mono-, tri-, and hexa-polytungstates. Polymerisation towards WO3 takes place on further acidification. At still higher acidities the formation of WO22+ is indicated.


Oral disease has a close relationship with the subsistence patterns and attracts great attention in the paleopa- thological research all over the world. This review provides an overview of the general situation of the oral disease during the different historical era trying to mouse out the pathogeny and the rule of course of such diseases. It has been a long history since human beings evolve from ape to man. Human's oral diseases develop along with the evolution of human's cranio-maxillofacial and teeth forms as well. The dental system is a valuable source of in- formation to understand the quality of life of ancient peoples in a particular historic and geographical frame. This paper makes a brief introduction for the common oral diseases in- cluding dental caries, periodontal disease and tooth attrition from ancient human skulls which belong to different historic era and different region. The aim is designed to understand the general prevalence of oral disease of ancient human, to make clear the pathogeny, and to master the law of develop- ment. Furthermore, it will guide us to prevent and cure mod- ern human's oral disease appropriately. DENTAL CARIES Firstly, the concept of prevalence, incidence and DMFT are defined as follow: 1 Prevalence is the total number of cases of a given disease in a specified population at a designated time.


A hadron and string cascade model, JPCIAE, for Simulating ultrarelativistic nucleus-nucleus collisions based on the LUND model and PYTHIA event generator especially, is used to investigate J/psi suppression due to nuclear absorption in minimum bias pA and AB collisions at 200A GeV/c. With different sets of reasonable formation time for a J/psi and a meson the results of the J/psi suppression factor from both the usual: scenario simulation (i.e., standard cascade simulation) and the Glauber-like simulation are comparable with all the NA38 pA and AB data, except the NA50 data of Pbf Pb collisions. However, the difference between the usual scenario simulation and the Glauber-like simulation, with the same parameter set of formation time, is noticeable. Meanwhile, the sensitive effect of formation time and the effect of the possible uncertainty in the absorption cross sections on J/psi suppression are studied in detail. [S0556-2813(99)06105-1].


and Un Sacristán (also the gracioso) correspond exactly to Mira's demon and sacristán-gracioso named, respectively, Honorio and Damián. Moreto's Hugo Wicliff [sic] , opponent of the doctrines of the Real Presence and the Immaculate Conception, clearly develops from Mira's Hugo, opponent of the Real Presence of Christ in the Eucharist. Corresponding to the Archduchess Matilde's role as antagonist of Hugo in Mira are Queen Margarita and King Ladislao who in Moreto defend respectively the doctrines of the Real Presence and the Immaculate Conception. Finally, and again illustrating Moreto's tendency to make his characters more complex than those of his source, the role assigned by Mira to San Jorge is assumed in Moreto by Los Tres Reyes Magos. Moreto's utilization of Mira's play is also evident in a number of passages. I shall conclude by citing one of these. Compare the words of Moreto's Sacristán% BAE, 58, 556a,3 with those of Mira's Damián, fol. 8 r. : Conjurallas quiero en culto que es conjuro del ynfierno: crepúsculos, esplendores, presajios caliginosos, morbos, numen, noticiosos, o tu candor y fulgores ¡Por Dios que huyen! Yo tiro unas metas y ostentar; allá va a purpurear; doiles con mi cola y giro. Nubes candidas, armiñas, veloz desacedos mente; de esa cojéis agua fuente; a nuestras no toquéis viñas.


The wool production of mature Merino ewes subjected to a standard heat stress continuously for 14 days (Experiment A), continuously for 7 days (Experiment B), and for 7 h/day for 7 days (Experiment C), has been compared with that of untreated controls. In the four weeks following experimental treatment A, the clean scoured wool production of treated ewes was only 77.5% of that observed during the four-week pre-treatment period. The corresponding value for treatment B was 90.2%. Treatment C did not significantly depress clean scoured wool production. Feed intakes during hot-room exposures A and B were significantly depressed. Simulating the feed intake observed during hot-room exposure A under normal temperature conditions indicated that the depression in clean scoured wool production induced by treatment A could be wholly accounted for by the concomitant depression in feed intake. It is concluded that prolonged exposure to high temperatures and solar radiation under field conditions may result in depressed wool growth rates, but that short term exposures, such as might occur during 'heat waves' in more temperate regions, are unlikely to have such an effect.


Millions of people are either living with or dying from HIV/AIDS; most of this living and dying is taking place in developing countries. There is an immediate need for electronic medical record systems to help scale up HIV/AIDS prevention and treatment programs, reduce critical human errors, and support the research necessary to guide future efforts. Several groups are working on this problem, but most of this work is occurring within silos. To be more effective, we must find ways to collaborate.


The following article presents an overview of airs hip tracking system using mobile devices equipped with GPS receiver, running under Android operating system. I t describes general approach, usage of store, carry and forward paradigm in delay and disruption tolerant networking and elements of architecture and implementation of presented applic ations. Shown results represent tests run in real environme nt.


As the two classical power allocation methods in battery-supercapacitor hybrid energy storage systems, split-frequency methods and power-level methods have been developed separately for many years. In this article, we made an attempt to integrate the advantages of the two methods and proposed an adaptive frequency-split-based quantitative power allocation strategy. First, an adaptive power preallocation is quantitatively determined according to the state of charge (SoC) of batteries and supercapacitors. Then, a windowed fast Fourier transform (FFT)-based power spectrum calculation algorithm is designed to derive the power level corresponding to each sampling frequency. By mapping the preallocated power to the power spectrum, the split frequency is adaptively computed. Finally, the power allocation is implemented through a low-pass filter (LPF) with the derived split frequency. Extensive experiments verify that the proposed method provides an improved performance in suppressing the dc bus voltage fluctuations and protecting batteries when compared with existing methods.


The large and medium-sized industrial enterprise technical innovation efficiency in 25 provinces and regions of China from2001-2010 is evaluated with DEA-Tobit two-stage model and the external environment factors that affect the technical innovation efficiency are analyzed. The results show that the technology digestion and absorption ability negatively affects the innovation efficiency and the participation degree of university and science and research institution in university-industry cooperation, enterprise scale and the intensiveness degree of scientific activities in enterprise have positive effect on the innovation efficiency.


Sediment samples were taken in 11 measuring points of the Biebrza River and determined the contents of six metals (Cu, Cr, Co, Ni, Cd and Zn). Arithmetic mean, median and standard deviation were calculated. The sources of heavy metals in bottom sediments are: pollutants of fields and meadows (admixtures of plant protection products and fertilizers), discharges of domestic sewage and municipal from local wastewater treatment plants, wastewater discharges from rural buildings and pollutions of anthropogenic origin. Research of pollution of bottom sediments with heavy metals are needed tool for monitoring the aquatic environment. Continuous monitoring metal content of the sediments will counteract the effects of the threat of biological life in the water reservoir, which may occur in the case of notorious exceeded permissible content of harmful substances.


Tricarbonyl(η6-1,3,5,7-cyclooctatetraene)chromium (1) yields upon UV irradiation in ether at 233 K with 2,3-dimethyl-1,3-butadiene (2) or 2-methyl-1,3-butadiene (3) by [6+2] cycloadditions the correspondingly substituted tricarbonyl(η6-bicyclo[4.2.2]deca-2,4,7-triene)chromium complexes 4, 5a and 5b. With ammonium cerium(IV) nitrate the organic ligand of complex 4, 9-isopropenyl-9-methyl-bicyclo[4.2.2]-deca-2,4,7-triene (6) is liberated. The complexes 4, 5a and 5b were characterised by IR and NMR spectroscopy, the ligand 6 by NMR spectroscopy.


At one level there is the production of halal fun, but there is also its consumption. What is important to appreciate is the cultural context of majority European society in which these young European Muslims find themselves and how it has a bearing on patterns of production and consumption. Context remains critical, but there nevertheless remain distinct variations that are defined by it. There are also different motivations that exist for producers, including campaigning, innovating, empowering and proselytising. All these outcomes have an impact on practice, but also consumption patterns. Moreover, a robust connection to their European countries of birth exists for these young Muslims, even if it is misrecognised. Finally, there is the influence of local–global Muslim identity constructions to consider. All these factors affect the ways in which young Muslims reinvent a certain kind of 'cool'. It is an aesthetic form and social experience that enhances a sense of their 'Muslimness' as well as their sense of their European identities. This book is an important contribution because of how it has managed to take three very different locations across Western Europe and demonstrate certain patterns of cultural production and consumption among Muslim youth. Young Muslims are taking forward notions of Islam that successfully integrate their Islamic and domestic European national identities, progressively fusing, hybridising and amalgamating religious and national identities. This analysis generates new insights that throw light on continuity and change, with a particular focus on a dynamic pro-integrative approach that seeks to bring back the excitement of being young and European, in tandem with retaining and maintaining a sense of an Islamic identity that is not in any way compromised or diluted. This research opens up avenues for further study, especially on how theology, identity, practice and experience operate among minority communities of certain religious, ethnic and cultural heritage.


Yugambeh is the language name of the Aboriginal people that live between the Logan River in southeast Queensland and the Tweed River in northern New South Wales. Amongst the Yugambeh are several family groups, one of these are the Kombumerri, whose traditional land is now known as the Gold Coast. In recent years the Kombumerri have been working towards reconstructing a more authentic history of their people. A key element in this process has been the combining of historical documents with oral information. B y doing this, it has been realized the importance that traditional language plays in being able to refute or validate historical documents.


Macroprudential policy has developed a new set of instruments for the mechanisms with which the state intervenes in the economy through its public administration. However, the global economic crisis and the need for rapid action did not allow time for the inclusion of macroprudential policy into the dogmatics of administrative law and therefore this needs to be done subsequently. This study analyses the legal nature of normative regulation related to macroprudential policy, the organisational features of the macroprudential authority and the legal appearance of macroprudential instruments. The final conclusion of the study is that the content of the public good or public goal, i.e. financial stability, to be implemented by macroprudential policy is extremely poorly defined. Considering the above, for the assessment of the achievement of financial stability, i.e. for the state control of the efficient fulfilment of the public goal, the regulatory environment must create an efficient legal guarantee system.


A French politician once said that "Music is too serious a matter to be left to musicians". Without trying to fully justify this intentionaly provocative statement, we would argue that indeed music theory has known deep connections with mathematics, computer science(s), embedded systems, cyber-physical systems, etc, on which the active field of computer music is built. And as such, much has to be gained from experts in those fields to drive their attention to music, in order to bring their expertise to musicians, but also to benefit from a fun and extremely rich domain of experimentation and research for their own work. This work, which is concerned with automatic music generation was initiated in this spirit. The more general setting for our work is that of control improvisation. In a controlled cyber-physical system, a controller provides a stream of control inputs to the plant. This stream of inputs, in a discretized setting, can be viewed as a string of letters drawn from a specified alphabet. (For example, the alphabet can correspond to a set of events.) In many settings, such control sequences can be computed at design time, given a specification of the plant and other parts of the environment. However, when the environment does not behave as specified (e.g., in a disaster situation), the controller must "improvise" so that, at a minimum, certain critical safety properties are satisfied. Moreover, the sequence of control inputs should ideally not deviate "too much" from the original sequence. The problem of improvising a control sequence to satisfy safety constraints while deviating little from the original sequence is termed as the control improvisation problem. We describe here our work on this problem in the context of generating music. Music generation can be done either at the audio or at a symbolic level. The former involves processing and synthesizing sound waves eventually produced by some speaker(s), whereas the later is concerned only with generating scores, i.e., sequences of (groups) of symbols, the notes, each of them being an abstract representation of a particular sound that can be instantiated in many different variations by different instruments or, generally speaking, by sound synthesizers. Thus, at the symbolic level, the problem can be reduced to that of generating sequences of letters, each of which corresponding to a note. Improvisation is obtained from a training sequence by identifying recurrent patterns, imitating and recombining them. Different data structures and algorithms have been proposed for this purpose such as incremental parsing (IP) [6] inspired from dictionary based compression algorithms such as those from the Lempel-Ziv family [2], probabilistic suffix trees (PST) [5] and more recently factor oracles (FO) [1]. In this work, we consider the scenario of solo generation over a given jazz song harmonization. In this case, the improvised sequence has to be synchronized with another sequence, usually chords progressions, considered as fixed and called thereafter the accompaniment. The improviser then has to be a function of both the training sequence and the chord sequence. [8] introduces Impro-visor, a system of automatic jazz improvisation that uses a stochastic context free grammar (SCFC) which can be learned [7], to create licks which are concatenated to form longer jazz pieces. We take a different approach, based on factor oracles. The approach we propose can be decomposed into two components: one generator that implements an improviser for simple melodies, as described above and ignoring a priori the accompaniment and one supervisor which 1George Clemenceau (1841-1929) although the authors do not guarantee the exactitude of the wording, quoted from memory and translated from French.


The fragment appears to be part of a larger group of bylaws for the Town of Welland, 1878. The fragment includes bylaws Cap. I and Cap. II. Cap. I is a bylaw appointing auditors for the town for the year 1878. Due to paper loss only a portion of the title of the Cap. II bylaw is extent but appears to be a bylaw appointing a Hey…….trustee for the town. Welland was incorporated in 1858 as a town and became a city in 1917.


Book Review of the monograph: Tapsell, Ross (2017), Media Power in Indonesia: Oligarchs, Citizens and the Digital Revolution / London and New York: Rowman & Littlefield, (Series Media, Culture and Communication in Asia-Pacific Societies), ISBN: 9781 786600356 (HB), 9781786600370 (ebook), 172 pages


Abstract HRM systems are an organization-level construct that affect outcomes at the firm, unit, and individual levels of analysis. The multilevel nature of the field creates a need for both theoretical and empirical modeling that cuts across levels to effectively understand the linkages between HRM systems and various operational and financial performance outcomes. Ordinary least squares (OLS) regression which is designed to analyze the same level of data is not suited for analyzing such hierarchal data. Multilevel modeling accounts for variance among variables at different levels; dealing with sources of errors more rigorously than OLS. Multilevel structural equation modeling separately estimates between and within effects, takes into account measurement errors and allows for criterion variables that are situated at higher levels. Thus, multilevel modeling significantly advances HRM research by more accurately predicting HRM effects and estimating complex HRM models. The articles included in this collection demonstrate the value and application of multilevel modeling, both theoretically and empirically, to HRM research.


special skills of outstanding scientists such as Ktesibios and Archimedes 'brought a high degree of mechanization to the technology of water lifting... and led to the use at an early stage of animal power and water-power'. Only in building construction and warfare was mechanisation brought to a comparable level, and these techniques have long since become obsolete, 'while nearly all the Greek and Roman pumping devices are still in use, more or less unchanged, today' (ibid.). The importance of these techniques in these areas of the ancient economy is duly noted. Without them the agricultural potential of the Nile, source of a grain surplus vital to the Roman imperial system, could not have been adequately exploited, the supplies of gold and silver that were vital to a bi-metallic' face-value' imperial coinage could not have been maintained as older mines decayed, and 'fire would have constituted an even greater hazard to Roman cities than it already did' (ibid.). Accepting the challenge set by earlier investigations that the origins, sequence of development and inter-relationships of the various water-lifting machines cannot be elucidated from the existing evidence, O. has compiled an impressive catalogue of that evidence, subjecting crucial literary texts to close scrutiny. Confidently separating the wheat from the chaff, and rejecting the latter in phrases that are none the less effective for their mildness, the author has addressed his daunting task with patient skill. Each of the catalogues is prefaced with a simple introduction; each item is fully discussed, discrepant explanations are analysed, and either rejected or corrected: and to each item a bibliography is appended. Part I is thus an indispensable work of reference a mine of up-todate information. Part II ("The History of Technology') begins with a review of the reliability and competence of the evidence set out in Part I. Gaps in and distortions of the evidence are discussed, with their implications: here O. points to an important contrast between the Hellenistic period and that of the Roman Empire. Thus in the former period the development of pumping technology is well attested by references to the inventions of Ktesibios and Archimedes, and the original fragments and Arabic translations of the works of Philo of Byzantium, yet 'only three Hellenistic papyri have even a tenuous claim to relevance for mechanical pumping technology', and the archaeological record is almost non-existent. For the Roman Empire, on the other hand, the abundant evidence cannot be placed in datable sequence, the result of unsupervised excavation in Spain and Romania when the mines in these areas were re-exploited in modern times. The more sophisticated dating methods now available may well make the dating of future discoveries much more accurate. In spite of gaps and distortions, O. has made good his claim that the sources are adequate: the designs of the three major devices, the water-screw, the force-pump and the compartmented water-wheel (in its various forms) are perfectly clear, while that of the fourth, the geared saqiya, can be reconstructed from a combination of a Vitruvian text, a fresco in Alexandria and three surviving installations which involve gearing. In the sections that follow full coverage is given to the evidence for technical development (often denied by the generalisers!) and everywhere is that scrupulous care and attention to detail which are essential to the understanding of technical processes. This book is a must for ancient historians, an asset for historians of technology of any period, and an eye-opener to the general reader who should not be put off by the long-winded double title. In fact the only off-putting factor is the price.


We give a synthetic proof of Dao's generalization of the Simson line theorem. In [3], Dao Thanh Oai published without proof a remarkable generalization of the Simson line theorem. Theorem 1 (Dao). Let ABC be a triangle with its orthocenter H , let P be an arbitrary point on the circumcircle. Let l be a line through the circumcenter and AP , BP , CP meet l at A1, B1, C1, respectively. Denote A2, B2, C2 the orthogonal projections of A1, B1, C1 onto BC, CA, AB, respectively. Then A2, B2, C2 are collinear and the line passing through A2, B2, C2 bisects PH.


OBJECTIVE
To analyze the relevance of clinical indicators and the clarity and precision of conceptual and operational definitions of the diagnosis Impaired gas exchange.

METHODS
Content analysis, by 39 nurse judges, divided into the phases of conceptual definition of the phenomenon of interest, construction of the structure of the phenomenon of interest and analysis of the judges on the built structure.

RESULTS
From the 22 indicators, 21 were considered relevant Impaired gas exchange. The indicators that obtained absolute relevance were Cyanosis, Hypercapnia, Hypoxemia and Tachycardia. The indicator Headache upon waking did not show any statistically significant relevance for the diagnosis. All conceptual and operational definitions were clear and precise.

CONCLUSION
The indicators listed for Impaired gas exchange were relevant to the phenomenon, except Headache upon waking because it does not correspond to a safe manifestation to identify the diagnosis, according to the analysis of the judges. Each conceptual and operational definition was adequate for its indicator.


Reuse of software products resulting from the early phases of the development life-cycle is claimed to have a tremendous impact on the reduction of cost and enhanced productivity in software development [22]. As requirements engineering sets off the entire development process, consequently the reuse of its products will offer most significant benefits. Unfortunately, software requirements documents are still produced in the form and media which are inappropriate for subsequent computer representation and processing, not to mention their reuse. Besides, the lack of formality in the communication of software requirements is not only demanded by non-technical personnel, but in fact can also have some positive effects on requirements validation and traceability. And so the process of reusing software requirements will have to deal with the analysis of informal texts into their formal representation, their storage and organisation, and the synthesis of the new requirements documents of reusable informal components. To this end, the paper reviews numerous methods and techniques, from a variety of different computing disciplines, which could assist this process and enhance the reusability of requirements engineering products.


Modeling networks of synaptically coupled neurons often leads to systems of integro-differential equations. Particularly interesting solutions in this context are traveling waves. We prove here that spectral stability of traveling waves implies their nonlinear stability in appropriate function spaces, and compare several recent Evans-function constructions that are useful tools when analyzing spectral stability.


ABSTRACT Influential theories of class voting assume that the phenomenon occurs because classes hold different political values, which in turn affect their party preference. However, we do not know how important this mechanism is. Hence, this article uses high-quality survey data from 12 Western European countries to study the association between class and voting. The results suggest that political values – including non-economic values – play a central role in accounting for this association, although substantial class differences persist even when holding political values constant. I furthermore argue that the relevance of this mechanism should vary by party family. Political values should account for class voting to the extent that parties give the voters clear signals on issues of relevance to the value orientations. As such, party behaviour not only affects the level of class voting, but the very nature of the link between class and voting. This article contributes first by testing one of the most important theories of the mechanisms behind class voting, and second by demonstrating how the parties' behaviour affects this mechanism.


Using CALPHAD method,the phase diagrams of the Cu-Ni,Cu-Mo and Mo-Ni binary systems were calculated by employing the thermodynamic database in literature.Through extrapolation from the relative binary systems,the isothermal section of Mo-Ni-Cu ternary system at 1273 K was calculated.It is found that there is a narrow liquid phase area at the Mo-rich side,which demonstrates the possibility of liquid phase sintering at 1273 K with some amount of addition of Cu and Ni.Furthermore,necessary experiment was carried out to confirm the calculation results.


The specific features of the application of modified Newton's method to approximate analytical solution of a class of nonlinear elasticity problems under finite plane strains are described. This class of problems includes problems of stress distribution around holes in infinite nonlinear elastic bodies. The problems are solved within the framework of the theory of superimposed finite strains. It is assumed that holes are originated in previously loaded bodies undergoing finite homogeneous initial strains. The specific features mentioned above are related with the necessity to obtain functions in right parts of linearized equations in a form that admits analytical integration. For this purpose, the equations and boundary conditions are written in a special form using the Cayley–Hamilton theorem and some changes of variables. The analysis is performed for the materials of Mooney type. Some numerical results are given. Mathematics Subject Classification: 74B20, 74H1


A unidirectional composite is modeled as a two-dimensional cartesian square lattice of infinite width and finite thickness. Circular fiber cross sections, each contained completely within a lattice square and touching on all four sides, are placed at random within the lattice according to the fiber volume fraction. Percolation, in this system, is shown to be very sensitive to the lattice thickness. To be regarded as infinitely thick a lattice must be at least 150 fiber diameters across, and for a typical ply thickness of 20 fiber diameters the critical fiber fraction for percolation is shifted by 26% from the infinite lattice value of 0.46 to a smaller value of 0.34.


Information field on the present invention discloses a system and method for managing information in a hospital, by designing to be exchanged, are established in order hospital information management system and a communication system, the system and method of communication can be readily accomplished orders exchange of information between systems and information management systems. The system includes a hospital information management for providing interoperability interface module information exchange between the information communication system, an order management system; means for causing the interface module via through the patient information inspection system, the inspection information and reservation information data exchange section; Now and result storage for the data exchange process section in a database management system and order information in a communication system result input section. The hospital information management method includes transmitting information from the communication system to order the information management system via the interface module; step process orders of a communication system and transmitting information from the integrated information management system to. The step of sending information from the order information to the communication system design management system includes a patient information message; design check information message; design and treatment procedures and the reservation message transmit patient examination reservation message to the reservation result. Accordingly, the present invention has the advantage of ensuring the reliability and accuracy of information and system stability.


Abstract : An efficient ignition formulation for thermate was developed during the XM89 Enhanced Incendiary Grenade program to use as an alternative to the standard lead oxide-containing formulation used in the AN-Ml4 thermate grenade. This lead-free formulation has provided reliable ignition of the XM89 over a temperature range of -25 degrees F - 120 degrees F when using the M201 Al fuze as the initiator. Reliable ignition of the thermate could also be achieved using 10 g of the new ignition formulation. The AN-Ml4 employs 30 g of ignition mix. The ignition formulation described in this report has also been successfully employed to initiate other pyrotechnic devices such as flares and smoke compositions. It may also have some application as a combination delay/output formulation in devices that do not require either a "gasless" delay or sealing of the delay tube with reaction products.


Our results confirm the strong intensity and pulsewidth dependence of the photocurrent from two photon absorption (TPA) waveguide photodetectors for ultrashort pulses with strong phase and amplitude modulations. We can expect the application of similar devices as the ultrafast optical thresholders for CDMA and other ultrafast network applications.


Purpose

This paper aims to examine how lack of financial cooperation damages the operational efficiency of supply chains. The thesis is that economic and technological forces are provoking increasing financial tensions that push companies to transfer their credit needs and inventory requirements to their weakest suppliers. Thus, what might initially seem positive from an individual perspective can in fact generate losses in production efficiency for the supply chain as a whole.

Design/Methodology/approach

This paper uses official data collected from 116 first- and second-tier suppliers in the Spanish automotive components sector, covering nine years (2001-2009). The relationships between the key variables are analysed using panel data estimations.

Findings

Significant differences were found between the working capital (WC) of first- and second-tier companies, proving additionally that although this approach may temporarily improve the results of first-tier suppliers, it leads to lower production efficiency in plants throughout the value chain.

Practical implications

Practitioners should avoid short-sighted attitudes when organizing the supply chain on a cooperative basis, going beyond the conventional wisdom on physical and information flows between original equipment manufacturers and their suppliers to reach upstream stages and embracing financial considerations.

Originality/value

The paper takes a novel approach to the issue of inter-organizational collaboration in the supply chain, aiming to go beyond conventional Lean Supply practices. From an empirical point of view, while much of the research on the topic utilizes key informant insights collected using psychometric data collection techniques, this study uses different financial proxies collected from secondary panel data.


Predicting the multimodal future motions of neighboring agents is essential for an autonomous vehicle to navigate complex scenarios. It is challenging as the motion of an agent is affected by the complex interaction among itself, other agents, and the local roads. Unlike most existing works, which predict a fixed number of possible future motions of an agent, we propose a map-adaptive predictor that can predict a variable number of future trajectories of an agent according to the number of lanes with candidate centerlines (CCLs). The predictor predicts not only future motions guided by single CCLs but also a scene-reasoning prediction and a motion-maintaining prediction. These three kinds of predictions are produced integrally via a single graph operation. We represent the driving scene with a heterogeneous hierarchical graph containing nodes of two types. An agent node contains its dynamics feature encoded from its historical states, and a CCL node contains the CCL's sequential feature. We propose a hierarchical graph operator (HGO) with an edge-masking technology to regulate the information flow in graph operations and obtain the encoded scene feature for the trajectory decoder. Experiments on two large-scale real-world driving datasets show that our method realizes map-adaptive prediction and outperforms strong baselines.


Abstract Poisson's ratio has been measured in a series of filled elastomers using a novel optoelectronic system. Relative precision of this measurement was found to be approximately 0.7% at 1% strain for this family of materials. The largest contributing error source was determined to be the tolerances that could be obtained in machining the surfaces of the test specimens. As a result of these errors, only three significant figures for Poisson's ratio can be achieved using this measurement approach. Material property tests conducted included constant strain rate and stress relaxation. Constant strain-rate results were used for general characterization, while the stress—relaxation data were employed to investigate time-dependent aspects of Poisson's ratio.


By the example of Xiaoshan district of Hangzhou, this paper analyzes situations and problems in safety work management for agriculture machinery and some reasons utilizing public administration theory. It shows that the safety situation is still severe and the effort of management is not very good. The main reasons of safety management are pointed out that there are defects in macro-management, performance management and information management. On the basis of above analyzes, this paper brings forward some countermeasures to reforming safety work management for agriculture machinery in Xiaoshan.


Purpose. The main purpose of the work is to define and substantiate the principles, functional requirements and objectives of the implementation of information and analytical support for the management of waste streams of construction and wracking as secondary resources; development of the organizational and functional structure of the information-analytical management system, which would satisfy the conditions for the introduction of a logistical approach within the framework of integrated management of construction waste streams and became the basis for creating a single information platform. Methodology. As a methodological basis for the research of the process of managing the secondary resources streams and reversible streams in the construction industry, a logistic approach is used. It involves the analysis of factors influencing the system and study of its dynamic behavior as a complex adaptive system. The system approach in the development of information-analytical management systems involves solving the following tasks: development of a functional model of the management system of construction and wracking waste streams; construction of interaction matrices of automated processes and data routing processes; modeling the logical architecture of the data warehouses; development of a software and hardware set. Findings. The main tasks of developing information support for the logistics management system of construction and wracking waste streams are substantiated. The integration into the system of the following functional blocks is proposed: database formation; block for estimating the total economic costs of the process; environmental damage assessment blocks; information risk assessment; evaluation of alternative methods of waste stream management; optimal route formation block; visualization block. Based on the generalization of requirements and possibilities of the functionality analyzed information-analytical systems and requirements which would provide efficiency of construction waste streams management, the organizational-functional structure of the system of information-analytical management is proposed. Originality. The work gives reasons for the inclusion in the list of functional blocks of the organizational and functional structure of the information-analytical management system, which should be the basis for creating an information platform for the management of construction and wracking waste streams, environmental and information risk assessment. Practical value. Implementation within the information-analytical management of environmental damage assessment (as part of the efficiency assessment of the construction waste streams) and information risk assessment (as a tool of logistical approach) will provide the ability to predict key system indicators, make optimal decisions aimed at maximum inclusion of construction waste streams in the system as a potential secondary raw material, a sufficient level of economic and environmental efficiency with the optimal level of logistics costs.


Children with a history of prematurity are at increased risk for neurodevelopmental disorders, including autism. This case series describes four patients with comparable prenatal and divergent neonatal histories who were referred for comprehensive autism evaluations between 21-36 months of age by a NICU follow-up program.

 Patients were born at approximately 25 weeks gestation (i.e. extremely premature) following otherwise uncomplicated pregnancies and weighed less than 1000 grams at birth (i.e. extremely low birth weight). Patients A and B experienced significant neonatal complications (e.g. hemorrhage, respiratory failure). Children were later evaluated for autism by an interprofessional team affiliated with a children's hospital.

 Patient A had average intellectual, motor, and language abilities with mild symptoms of autism on a standardized rating scale. Patient B had impaired intellectual, motor, and language abilities with severe symptoms of autism on the same rating scale. Patient C had average intellectual abilities, borderline language and motor abilities, and did not display autism features. Patient D had borderline intellectual abilities, low average receptive and expressive language, and also did not display autism features.

 All patients presented with developmental delays in at least one domain. Those who experienced complications in the NICU met DSM-5 criteria for Autism Spectrum Disorder. However, patients with similar prenatal histories who did not face additional complications in the NICU presented with comparatively intact social communication and behavior. This case series suggests the relative importance of peri- and neonatal factors in the etiology of autism in children with a history of extreme prematurity.


To reduce the left-turning vehicles impact on the efficiency of the intersection operation,left-turning traffic organization at intersection was studied based on case.The South Bridge intersection is taken as an example at Weihai.Different traffic organization schemes based on the ideas of the phase of left-turn protection and left-turn prohibition with U-turn were proposed.In evaluation the design schemes,the software VISSIM is used to simulate the different plans.The simulation results show that the effect of left-turn prohibitions with U-turn is obvious with 33.2% and 52.1% reductions in average vehicle delay compared respectively with the phase of left-turn protection and the present situation.Left-turn prohibitions with U-turn may decrease delay and improve the operation efficiency at intersection.


a pamphlet, forninst castration of criminals. He reviews the Several papers which have recently advocated this measure as a substitute for capital punishment, and to stop the breed, and his chief, if not sole argument is,—that to castrate a man destroys his dignity! He says: "It is almost inconceivable to me that enlightened men will destroy a. man's dignity." Hanging, we suppose, does not; incarceration in the penitentiary preserves it, and the "dignity" of a masturbator should not, by any means, be interfered with, even though the practice destroy his mind and body. Dignity! Where is the "dignity" of a rapist, an assassin or a murderer ? As Dr. Daniel said in his paper ("Cas tration of Sexual Perverts"): "It is a remarkable civilization that will break a criminal's neck, yet will respect his testicles." And again, "the sexual organs seem to be regarded as something sacred, and the right to exercise them, ad libitum—even to pro duce pauper and criminal offspring—is held as something in alienable;—notwithstanding the offender may have forfeited his citizenship, and with it, all other rights, civil, religious and polit ical." Dr. Millican reduces the subject to an absurdity; he inferentially deprecates a race of "undignifieds"; fears that the offspring (?) of the castrated will—Weismann to the contrary notwith standing—be born without those elements of "dignity," and theirs, in turn, will hand down the acquired state,—without a moment's reflection as to how races are propagated, and that to prevent the propagation of criminals is one of the objects sought. Go apd poultice your head, doctor. A race of eunuchs!—Oh— that is rich!


which express the direct action of the ponderable molecules on the ether. So far as the (quite limited) reading and recollection of the present writer extend, those who have sought to derive the law of donble refraction from the theory of elastic solids have generally either neglected this direct action-a neglect to which Professor Stokes calls attention more than once in his celebrated .. Report on Donble Refraction" (Brit. Assoc .• 1862, pp. 264, 268,)-or taking account of this action they have made shipwreck Up;)D a law different from Fresnel's and contradicted by experiment. * See volume xxiii of this Journal, pr. 271, 272, or Lord Rayleigh's "Theory of Sonnd,"' vol. i. p. 84.


Suppression of polarisation hole burning in the erbium-doped fibre amplifier (EDFA) is demonstrated by converting a polarised signal into an unpolarised signal using a Michelson interferometer which consists of a polarisation beamsplitter and two Faraday rotator mirrors.


Historically the great outdoors has been considered a man's domain and thus males by extension are thought to be more confident than females. Lee (2001) suggested, that it is more difficult for women to feel confident when engaged in an activity seen to be inappropriate for their gender. Johnson (2003) observed that women typically do not perform well in ego-oriented environments, instead preferring task-oriented environments where the standards used are perceived as achievable regardless of gender. Dingle and Kiewa (2006) in a study of college students participating in an elective kayaking course, found the competitive kayaking culture provided a source of stress for women, many of whom felt uncomfortable performing in front of more skillful male peers. They also found that women sought a different teaching method than males instead seeking an instructor who was more aware of their fears and "not just a good paddler." Self-determination theory suggests that confidence is integral to intrinsic motivation with it being the most effective stimulant for continuing participation (Dingle & Kiewa, 2006). Fear, on the other hand, whether linked to failure or embarrassment, frequently leads to a destructive cycle of decreasing confidence. In sum, Dingle and Kiewa (2006) highlighted the potentially destructive nature of an ego-oriented learning environment for women.


According to WHO (2010) there are 75% of adolescents who experience menstrual disorders. Based on the results of the study, the prevalence of dysmenorrhoea is 30-60%. The purpose of this research is to analyze the relationship between learning stress, sleep duration, and duration of cell phone use with dysmenorrhea. The analytic research method with cross-sectional design was conducted on 55 students in the Campus of Midwifery Study Program at the Faculty of Health, Muhammadiyah University, Purwokerto in November 2019-January 2020. Data analysis using chi-square. The results of the study, respondents who experienced dysmenorrhea 32 of 55 people (58.18%). There was a significant relationship between learning stress (p = 0.01), sleep duration (p = 0.005) and length of time using Hp (p = 0,000) with dysmenorrhea. Conclusion: Stress of learning, sleep duration and length of cell phone use are associated with dysmenorrhoea


Illocutionary force may be qualified according to Aristotle's classical triadic distinction of logos as a degree of verity, ethos as a degree of credibility or authority and pathos as eloquence or passional intensity. Jakobson 's model of linguistic functions can be understood as operating performatively with greater advantages to pragmatic theory than Searle and Vanderveken's taxonomy of illocutionary acts. Consequently, these three dimensions can also be found in the aesthetic as in other linguistic functions proposed by Jakobson when examined from a pragmatic viewpoint. By detecting the direction of fit and establishing a distinction between conversion and constitution, we may better understand not only the difference between the aesthetic and other functions but a variety of instances besides the artistic in which the aesthetic is displayed. Therefore, pathos can be clearly differentiated from the aesthetic as a dimension that may weigh, together with logos and ethos, upon the aesthetic function of an illocutionary act.


We present a review of direct-drive shock ignition studies done as an alternative for the Laser MegaJoule (LMJ). One and two dimensional systematic analyses of HiPER-like shock-ignited target designs are performed for the fuel assembly irradiation uniformity using the whole LMJ configuration or a part of the facility, and for the uniformity of the ignitor spike. High-gain shock-ignition is shown to be possible with intensity of each quad less than 10 15 W/cm 2 but low modes asymmetries displace the power required in the ignitor spike towards higher powers. Shock-ignition of Direct-Drive Double-Shell non-cryogenic targets is also addressed.


The cover of this book captures the vision and disrupting narrative of this fine new study of intellectuals' efforts to imagine and put into practice "an alternative, rural vision of Chinese modernity" (p. 14) in the 1920s and 1930s. A black-and-white drawing shows an aerial view of a village with characteristic sweeping roofs, trees, and a couple in traditional garb strolling past a gonggong yiyuan 公共醫院 (public clinic) toward a village square with a tall, modern clock tower.1 Kate MerkelHess has provided a richly detailed and smoothly written account of the writings, textbooks, magazines, schools, experimental villages and counties, and fraught collaborations with the Nationalist government that rural reformers dreamed up and tried out in the global moment of rural modernization that gripped not only Europe but also India, Japan, and China in the years between the two world wars. The result is a compelling challenge to the still-current teleology that looks at modern Chinese history in terms of explaining the rise, dominance, and endurance of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). Instead, MerkelHess offers an alternative narrative that not only returns to our attention a widespread, diverse, and popular set of efforts to revitalize rural China as a way to modernize the nation but also changes how we look at both the famous rural revolution of the Chinese Communists and the state-building efforts of the Nationalists under Chiang Kai-shek 蔣 介石. Like the clock tower in a traditional-looking village, this new narrative disrupts the revolutionary story of communism and the account of urban modernity of the Nanjing government. Merkel-Hess's story revolves around the Rural Reconstruction Movement (Xiangcun jianshe yundong 鄉村建設運動) that was nationally prominent from 1933 to 1937. She follows in particular the work of James Yen (Yan Yangchu 晏陽初) in his Chinese Mass Education Movement (MEM, Zhonghua pingmin jiaoyu cujinhui 中華平民