The amorphous SiO2 filled PTFE composite material were prepared by using the chemical rotary steam.The thermal and dielectric properties of the composites were measured.Also,the microstructure evolution of the composites was characterized by the Scanning electron microscopy(SEM).The effects of SiO2 with different grain size(φ4 μm,φ9 μm,φ13 μm and φ20 μm) on the microstructure and dielectric properties for PTFE-SiO2 composite dielectric material were investigated.It was found that the density,the thermal expansion coefficient and dielectric constant increased with the grain size SiO2 increase,while the dielectric loss was decreased with the grain size of SiO2 increase.When the grain size of SiO2 was φ20 μm,PTFE could be well coated on the SiO2 layers,and the composites exhibited proper thermal expansion coefficient(17.58×10-6/℃),dielectric constant(2.82) and low dielectric loss(0.001 2).


This issue of Transfusion includes an article by Tamrakar et al., entitled "Effect of storage on survival of infectious Treponema pallidum in whole blood and platelets." In this paper, the authors note that multiple factors have led to zero documented cases of transfusion-transmitted syphilis (TTS) in the United States since 1965. A longstanding hypothesis is that Treponema pallidum ssp. pallidum (the causative agent of syphilis, referred to as T. pallidum in this editorial) bacteria become inactivated in blood products during processing or storage. The study by Tamrakar et al. used what might be considered relatively high spiked concentrations of treponemes in whole blood stored at refrigerated temperatures for up to 9 days and platelets stored at ambient temperatures for up to 7 days and refrigerated temperatures for up to 14 days. Rabbits were infused with spiked blood or platelets at various time points, and the authors noted that viable treponemes survived 7 days in spiked whole blood and 6 days in spiked platelets stored at both ambient and cold temperatures. Why is this important? This is academically interesting work involving technically challenging rabbit inoculation experiments. Given the preliminary nature of this research, the relatively small number of replicates, and other considerations outlined below, the applicability and transferability of this work to healthy blood donors and blood operator settings are questionable. One question is, what impact will the preliminary findings from this pilot study have on changes in blood product processing or approaches focused on reducing TTS by blood operators? New scientific information impacting blood operators is always emerging; blood operators must constantly attempt to balance blood safety and adequacy of supply of blood products and ensure that appropriate safety measures targeted at transfusion-transmitted infections are resourced equitably and rationally.3–5 The question as to whether syphilis testing for nonfractionated and non-pathogen reduced products should be modified or ceased is not academic. A few countries have already reduced or eliminated syphilis testing of blood donors. In 2016, a World Health Organization (WHO) blood screening report indicated that from 180 countries surveyed, two European countries (Denmark and Iceland) were not routinely screening blood donors for syphilis. A third European country, Norway, reported testing all new donors for syphilis. Three countries in the Americas and one in the Middle East did not answer the question on syphilis donor testing. The remainder of 173 responding countries reported having a syphilis screening policy. Syphilis screening of blood components is still a WHO (2019) recommendation and the "WHO recommends that all blood donations should be screened for infections prior to use. Screening for...syphilis should be mandatory." In this editorial, I will outline multiple variables that should be considered when blood operators review approaches for blood product processing as well as the prevention of TTS via non-fractionated and non-pathogen reduced blood products.


I N SPITE of chequered progress in the engineering exports in the recent past, the performance, on the whole, has been impressive.· During the last decade, a more than thirteen-fold increase has been registered. It will-be recalled that in 1960-61 engineering exports barely added up to Rs 100 million; today, the figure stands at Rs 1,350 million. This period was one of intense hard work done with both foresight and hindsight. As a result, newer and more sophisticated items have been added to our export list. A good deal of scepticism in overseas markets has been overcome. All these and other efforts have rendered it possible that Indian engineering exports today find ready acceptance in the markets of the developed as well as the developing nations.


This research is conducted in order to know the implementation process in the use of photo media using technique akrostik towards teaching poetry writing. This research is an classroom research which consists of two cycles. The process in this research consists of pre activity, core activity, and the last is closing/post activity. The result of the research shows that the use of photo media using technique akrostikcan improve students' achievement in writing poem at class VIII A MTs Mimbarul Huda Menggala Bumiayu. The result of the test in first shows the mean of the score was 67,97. On the cycle 2 the mean of score was 80,00. The skill improvement in writing poetry is followed by the changes of students' attitude which is more active and enthusiastic in the learning process of writing poetry using photo media by using akrostik technique.


Summary1. Creatine-2-14C was injected into rats at different times after x- or sham-irradiation.2. Muscle creatine and phosphocreatine, as well as creatine from blood, kidney and urine, were isolated and their respective specific activities determined. Urinary creatinine was also isolated and its 14C-activity determined.3. Coincident with the maximal excretion of creatine, the specific activities of muscle creatine and phosphocreatine decreased after x-irradiation.4. Immediately after injecting the x-irradiated rats with creatine-2-14C, the specific activity of urinary creatine increased, whereas that of creatinine decreased, but at a somewhat later time.5. It is postulated that defective utilization of creatine by muscle constitutes the cause of radiation-induced creatinuria.


Allelic variations in TPH2, the gene encoding tryptophan hydroxylase 2, the rate‐limiting enzyme for brain serotonin (5‐HT) biosynthesis, may be genetic predictors of panic disorder and panic responses to panicogenic challenges in healthy volunteers. To test the hypothesis that tph2 mRNA is altered in chronic anxiety states, we measured tph2 expression in an established rat model of panic disorder.


We construct a macroscopic wave function that describes the Bose-Einstein condensate and weakly excited states, using the $\mathrm{SU}(1,1)$ structure of the mean-field Hamiltonian, and compare this state with the experimental values of second- and third-order correlation functions.


The paper proposes a multimodal interface for a real sales database application. We show how natural language processing may be integrated with a visual, direct manipulation method of database query, to produce a user interface which supports a flexible form of query specification, provides implicit guidance about the coverage of the linguistic component, and allows more focused discourse reference.


In connection with a study of arthritis and rheumatoid conditions, analysis has been attempted of some of the measures known to benefit them. Conspicuous among these measures are exercise, the application of external heat and massage. The use of massage and hydrotherapy dates from ancient times. The practice of each, however, has been mostly in the hands of persons untrained in medicine and not infrequently deficient in general education. Probably for this reason, in part, massage and hydrotherapy have received but little critical analysis as to the physiologic effects they produce, although their application to a host of disorders establishes them as among the most important and fundamental measures at our command. The wide use of external heat in the form of "bakes," hydrotherapy, mud baths, vapor baths and the like in the arthritic or rheumatoid syndrome leaves no room for doubt as to their beneficial influence. In a series


Many firms use the "3 lines of defense" (3LOD) model to clarify responsibility for risk management but this approach has limitations, as three distinct "lines" do not always enable sufficient clarity, mindsets formed through deployment in one business can be difficult to break when considering another and simplistic and inaccurate generalizations can be made about those in each LOD. In the complex environment of financial services,there is increasing discontent with the 3LOD model. This article explains a new way of describing risk management responsibility and how it can be used to optimize alignment and address "red flag" formations that can occur.


Mulyk, V. Purpose: to investigate the process of further training of coaches in Ukraine. Material & Methods: analysis of scientifically-methodical literature concerning long-term preparation of sportsmen, orders on approval of Statute about further training of trainers, curriculum of Advanced Training Faculty of Kharkiv State Academy of Physical Culture and organization of process of exercises. Results: the aspects of preparedness of a coach and their content on the stages of long-term preparation of sportsmen are determined. The system of further training of coaches in Ukraine, content of curriculum of Advanced Training Faculty in Kharkiv State Academy of Physical Culture and sequence of realization of process of further training of coaches of 1 and 2 categories are presented in the work. Conclusions: further training is inalienable part of the system of perfection of coachers' work. Combination of all disciplines referred to forming of training bases as single unit of pedagogical process must be taken into account in a curriculum of Advanced Training Faculty. The sequence of realization of process of further training of coaches should have following algorithm of actions: exposure of level of knowledge of coaches (conversations, testing, analysis); adjustments of content of employments on different subjects; realization of studies (mainly in a debatable form), preparation of report and realization of the repeated testing; realization of examination; execution of certificate about further training.


Our thinking in this area has been influenced by the developments in therapeutic thinking in general, but particularly by the evolution of client-centered therapy. The client-centered orientation was, at first, characterized by a rather specific technique or method: the therapist consistently responded by "reflecting" the client's feeling. This meant that the therapist avoided diagnosis and deductions about the client, or interpretations of hidden meanings the client did not intend. Instead, the therapist attempted always to state in his own words what he sensed to be the client's intended message, the client's perception of his feelings, situation, difficulties, and the like. In this effort the therapist tried to sense not merely what was on the surface but the deeply felt meaning which the client only haltingly approached in what he said. Such responding, when successful, meant that the client's own presently felt message was more deeply understood and responded to than he would have thought possible.


Subject: In this document a novel nuclear fuel production method is suggested. It combines previously developed approaches and improvements of the internal gelation process, which was used over decades to produce sphere-pac fuel for minor actinide transmutation. And modern 30 printing of ceramics. The improvements to the internal gelation, which were developed in two CCEM.CH projects in the recent years comprise the two following aspects


"A Journey against the Will" is a narrative of a cruel experience which eight-yearold Halina Witkowska had to go through when she was deported to a Siberian forced labor camp together with her mother and brother. She was in the USSR from 1939 to 1942, from where she then got to Teheran travelling along General Wladyslaw Anders' Trail, and later – through India to Mexico. She returned to Poland in 1946. Now Mrs Witkowska lives in Siedlce.


Mountainous vegetation type classification plays a fundamental role in resource investigation in forested areas, making it necessary to accurately identify mountain vegetation types. However, Mountainous vegetation growth is readily affected by terrain and climate, which often makes interpretation difficult. This study utilizes Sentinel-2A images and object-oriented machine learning methods to map vegetation types in the complex mountainous region of Jiuzhaigou County, China, incorporating multiple auxiliary features. The results showed that the inclusion of different features improved the accuracy of mountain vegetation type classification, with terrain features, vegetation indices, and spectral features providing significant benefits. After feature selection, the accuracy of mountain vegetation type classification was further improved. The random forest recursive feature elimination (RF_RFE) algorithm outperformed the RliefF algorithm in recognizing mountain vegetation types. Extreme learning machine (ELM), random forest (RF), rotation forest (ROF), and ROF_ELM algorithms all achieved good classification performance, with an overall accuracy greater than 84.62%. Comparing the mountain vegetation type distribution maps obtained using different classifiers, we found that classification algorithms with the same base classifier ensemble exhibited similar performance. Overall, the ROF algorithm performed the best, achieving an overall accuracy of 89.68%, an average accuracy of 88.48%, and a Kappa coefficient of 0.8789.


Introduction and Summary

A good amount of work has been done on the construction of balanced incomplete block (B.I.B.) designs by Bose (1939, 1942), Sprott (1954, 1956), Rao (1961), Takeuchi (1962) and others. Sprott (1954, 1956) obtained several series of B.I.B. designs through difference sets.

The main purpose of the present investigation is to provide two methods of construction of B.I.B. designs obtainable through more than one initial block. The first method derives initial blocks of a series of designs from some specified blocks of a B.I.B. design obtainable by developing one or more initial blocks. The second method attempts to obtain one of the initial blocks (the basic initial block) through the different powers of an element of a finite field; then an appropriate method for generating the other initial blocks from it is discussed. A table showing the basic initial block for different designs has been presented.

By these methods several solutions of some B.I.B. designs could be obtained from different initial blocks. An examination was therefore made to see if these designs were all isomorphic.


Mobile users often connect through WiFi access points and frequently find themselves behind NATs that are built into common off-the-shelf home access points or enterprise wireless deployments. Punching a hole through the NATs to establish a P2P connection can be a challenging task for lay users. We present our system, ANT, that utilizes Audio signaling for NAT Traversal. With ANT, unlike other NAT traversal approaches, two mobile clients can establish a direct connection with minimal user intervention and without connecting to an intermediate server. ANT uses UPnP to obtain configuration information for NAT traversal which is then encoded using different audio frequencies and converted to audio sounds that are transmitted through the users' phones. Upon receiving the audio samples through the phone, the remote client converts them back into NAT traversal configuration data. Error correction is added to enhance the reliability of ANT and eliminate the need for retransmissions. Experimental results show that a TCP connection can be swiftly established between mobile clients behind NATs with no manual configuration, even in existence of heavy noise. We believe that ANT can be proved to be a simple, yet practical scheme for NAT traversal, which is as simple as dialing a phone number.


Background: Lateral lumbar interbody fusion (LLIF) affords a wide operative corridor to allow for a large interbody cage implantation for segmental reconstruction. There is a paucity of data describing segmental lordosis (SL) achieved with lordotic implants of varying angles. Here we compare changes in SL and lumbar lordosis (LL) after implantation of 6 8 , 10 8 , and 12 8 cages. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed LLIF cases over a 5.5-year period. We derived SL and LL using the standard cobb angle measurement from a standing lateral radiograph. We analyzed mean changes in SL and LL over time using the linear mixed effect model to estimate these longitudinal changes. Results: The most frequently treated level was L3–4, followed by L4–5. Significant increases in mean SL were found at each follow-up time point for all the cohorts. In an intercohort comparison, the mean changes in SL at immediate postoperative and last follow-up were significantly greater in the 10 8 cohort than 6 8 ([7.4 8 versus 3.1 8 , P ¼ .004], [6.1 8 versus 2.3 8 , P ¼ .025] respectively). The 12 8 cohort had higher mean change in SL at last follow-up than the 6 8 cohort (5.9 8 versus 2.3 8 , P ¼ .022). There was no difference in mean change in SL between the 10 8 and 12 8 cohorts. No difference in overall mean LL over time was found. In terms of mean change in LL, no difference was observed except at immediate and 6-month postoperative in the 10 8 cohort ([9.6 8 , P ¼ .001], [8.5, P ¼ .003] respectively). By comparing mean change in LL, no difference existed except between the 10 8 and 6 8 immediately after surgery (9.6 8 versus 0.2 8 , P ¼ .006). Conclusions: LLIF cages significantly improve SL at the index level. However, this increase in SL is greater for 10 8 and 12 8 cages than the standard 6 8 cage. Use of 10 8 cages also resulted in overall improved LL than 6 8 cages. Level of Evidence


This paper emphasizes the importance of clearly stated criteria that identify and describe the expected performance levels of undergraduate social work students at the termination of their practicum course. These criteria should be an integral part of the fieldwork program and reflect the social work program goals and objectives, the needs of the community social service delivery systems, and the Council on Social Work Education standards on accreditation. They should be a helpful tool to both students and field instructors in assuming mutual responsibilities for learning/teaching and in reaching their respective goals.


OUT of musty attic trunks have come these fragments of letters of the eighteen-fifties from the pens of two girls at college (or more correctly, a seminary) and a school ma'am. The first one was written in July, I854, by Clara Torrey, the second in December, I856, by Rachel Higgins, both students at Mount Holyoke Seminary. The two together give us vivid impressions of life at this historic institution. Clara Torrey's letter features the Fourth of July, celebrated as a protest against the Kansas-Nebraska Bill, and shows the ferment which that measure caused even in so isolated a community as Mount Holyoke was in those days. Only a few years earlier Emily Dickinson had written from the seminary to her brother at Amherst, "Won't you please to tell me when you answer my letter who the candidate for President is? I have been trying to find out ever since I came here, and have not yet succeeded. I don't know anything more about affairs in the world than if I were in a trance"-by which it is apparent that not every political event penetrated the college cloisters. But opposition to slavery was by 1854 more than a political matter in New Englandit had become a crusade which swept all classes into its ranks. It was because the Kansas-Nebraska Bill represented in a very real sense the triumph of Darkness over Light that the girls turned "Sem Hall" into a charnel house. But seminary life had its lighter moments. The celebration in the orchard on the evening of Liberty's death though, still harping on the same theme is nevertheless on a much lighter note. Youthful spirits found vent in a political burlesque which was so "funny" that "Miss Jessup laughed till she cried." Rachel Higgins gives us a pleasant picture of Thanksgiving with its dinner of "such foods as turkeys chickens, vegatables of various kinds, mince pies pumpkin pies puddings," etc. There was


The invention provides a communication device, terminal device and communication method. The communication device comprises a receiving unit used for receiving signals including control information; a setting unit used for setting whether erasure or retransmission exists based on the control information setting; a signal generating unit used for outputting sending signals, singles performing erasure on the sending signals and any signal among sent signals, i.e., retransmission signals based on the setting of the setting unit and a modulation unit used for modulating signals outputted by the signal generating unit.


To conduct research on air classification of pea flour was used that was developed and manufactured in All-Russia Research Institute for Starch Products, the installation, consisting of two-chamber dispenser and a centrifugal classifier. The technology used in the experimental setup, is the process of dispersing flour, which is carried out on grinding machine dismembrator - type disperser, for separation from the starch granules associated components. Grinding machine and cyclone combined pipelines in one setup which allows you to repeatedly perform processing of a portion of the flour. Is fundamentally new solution for thin-layer vortex separation of air and flour mixture in the interscapular channels centrifugal classifier. On the formation of the high-speed field is significantly affected by the design of the device, so the experimental setup was studied the influence of various factors: processing time, the circumferential speeds of the rotor grinding machines (dispenser) and centrifugal classifier, on the following indicators: output "light" (protein) and "heavy" (starch) fractions in percent to the initial mass of flour and mass proportion of starch and protein in each fraction. Based on these results, the maximum mass fraction of protein in the light fraction is achieved at a circumferential speed of the disperser 60 m/s and the classifier 13 m/s with a minimum of time grinding pea flour dispersant (not more than 1 min). These modes allow you to obtain a protein concentrate in the amount of 8.5-9.5?% dry matter pea flour with a mass fraction of protein 60-64?%, starch 5.8 to 11.7?% and the yield of heavy (starch) fraction of 90.5-91.5?% of dry matter pea flour with a mass fraction of starch at 68.5-70.1?% of protein of 16.7-17.1 per cent. Mathematical dependences of the influence of the parameters under study on the mass fraction of protein in the light fraction of flour, the mass fraction of starch in the heavy fraction of the flour, and the yield of each fraction,% to the mass of dry substances of the processed flour, are obtained.


To get to grips with the basic assumptions which lie behind the epistemologies which create the epistemic divides we have discussed, we need to look at two pictures which vie with each other for supremacy in modern and post-modern epistemology. According to the first picture, we make contact with reality by showing that we know that our fundamental beliefs concerning it are true. According to the second picture, it is we who determine what is real and unreal. In these pictures, we are seen either as autonomous knowers or as autonomous choosers of the world in which we live. In this paper, I want to show the unsatisfactoriness of these pictures, and to illustrate an alternative which illuminates the notion of our being in the world.


The influence of oak chips on polyphenolic content, as well as sensorial characteristics of Vranec wines was studied. Wine were produced in a traditional way in the winery a the Biotechnical Faculty in Podgorica, Ljeskopolje area, Podgorica sub-region. 1 g/l of French oak chips was added in the wines in order to study its influence. It was found that the chips improved the extraction of polyphenols and sensorial characteristics of wines, compared to the control wine produced without chips. In addition, it was noticed that the obtained wines fermented with chips, presented a higher content of total polyphenols, anthocyanins, flavan-3-ols, and better colour intensity and hue, as well as better sensorial properties of the wine. Actually, the chips influenced better colour permanence and improvement of sensorial wine profile.


SOCIOLOGY will gain more in realism the more its methods approximate those of plant and animal ecology. Social phenomena and processes can be interpreted in concrete terms of the spatial and temporal distribution of the activities of individuals and associations which is one of the central ideas in ecology. Human geography, indeed, took up the idea of the spatial grouping and adaptation of institutions to the features of the landscape long before the ecological outlook came into prominence. 0. Schluter for instance defines the interrelation between population and landscape thus: "In human geography we shall discover that in the realm of human activities there is no lack of objects, which belong as properly into the landscape as do forests and meadows, rivers and mountains. Primarily we are concerned with visible corporeal objects. Man is considered in addition to his work, not as individual, but in his varying expressions of population density. Visibility and tangibility of the objects is, however, not sufficient. In addition they must have significance in the composition of the landscape. They must have, therefore, a certain areal extent or must be capable of being composed mentally in areal terms." The quantitative study of plant and animal associations and their spatial and food relations, pursued by modern ecologists is, however, much deeper and more precise than the anticipations of the landscape geography of the German School, and bids fair to throw unsuspected light on the biology of population growth. The study of plant and animal numbers gives us the fundamental laws governing the distribution of human populations, the conditions of maintaining population balance and optimum, and the biologic consequences of deviations from these. Besides the ecological treatment of human homes and occupations, and larger human hives, their industries, movements, and achievements aids towards a better understanding and conservation of nature and life in evolution, of decline development as well as survival, organic and human. Man and his works form a part of the area, whose content and individuality it is the task of social ecology to investigate. The most striking fact that emerges in such investigation is the balance, though a shifting one, between man, his presence, the very fact of the existence of population and the rest of nature. To be sure, such


14532 Background: Significant advances in the diagnosis, staging, and treatment of patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) during the last 2 decades have resulted in improved survival of a select group of patients and an overall change in the natural history of the disease. We describe the pathologic characteristics and long-term survival in patients treated for localized and metastatic RCC at a single tertiary care institution.

METHODS
Between 1990 and 2005, 1431 patients diagnosed with a renal mass underwent surgical resection and were evaluated for differences in clinicopathologic characteristics and survival based on the University of California-Los Angeles Integrated Staging System (UISS). Data were analyzed using standard statistical methods.

RESULTS
Following surgical resection, RCC was found in 1269 patients at pathologic evaluation. Of these patients, 473 had evidence of metastatic dissemination at time of surgery. The primary tumor in patients with metastatic disease was more likely to be clear cell (78.8% vs. 72.9%, p = 0.02), collecting duct (1.3% vs. 0.1%, p = 0.01), or undifferentiated (4.8% vs. 1.6%, p = 0.002) RCC, and less likely to be papillary (12.0% vs. 18.7%, p = 0.002) or chromophobe (3.1% vs. 6.7%, p = 0.006) RCC compared to patients with non-metastatic disease, respectively. The 2-year, 5-year, and 10-year survival was significantly higher in non-metastatic patients compared to patients with metastatic disease present at time of surgery (87.0% vs. 42.4%, 70.0 vs. 21.8%, 50.0% vs. 16.5%, p < 0.001, respectively).

CONCLUSIONS
Over the last 15 years, patients with non-metastatic disease at the time of surgery have improved survival rates and are more likely to have papillary or chromophobe primary tumors than patients with metastatic disease. UISS stratification of patients with RCC provides a unique tool for risk assignment and outcome analysis to help determine follow-up regimens and eligibility for clinical trials. [Table: see text] No significant financial relationships to disclose.


The kinetics of the reactions of meta- and para-substituted diazodiphenylmethanes (DDM) with tetracyanoethylene (TCNE) in benzene are reported. The corresponding 1,1-diaryl-2,2,3,3-tetracyanocyclopropanes were produced almost quantitatively and the second-order rate constants k increased with the electron-donating ability of the substituents; the presence of p-OCH3 and p′-CH3 groups resulted in the reaction being ca. 6.5 × 103 times faster than for the m-Cl substituent. At 30 °C, log k=–2.67 σ+–1.23 (r–0.989). E.s.r. measurements showed the presence of the radical anion of TCNE, though the counter radical cation derived from the diazo-compounds could not be detected. The mechanism of these reactions is discussed on the basis of initial electron transfer from the diazo-compound to TCNE.


This article focuses on the planning and scheduling of operating rooms (ORs) in a regional hospital in Sweden. A simulation study was carried out to find new ideas and new planning and scheduling techniques to improve the overall process of surgery, including pre- and post-operating activities. This study mainly addresses the problem of low utilization of the ORs, and also takes into consideration problems with variation in workload, both in ORs and in post-anesthesia care units. The final simulation model includes pre-operative care carried out in the operating department and all ORs, as well as post-operative care units. It was driven by a number of input parameters, such as the volume and specific characteristics of actual cases, opening hours and number of ORs, and the number of beds for pre- and post-operative care. The model also includes logic for prioritizing and allocating cases to available ORs, planning operating schedules and the utilization of medical equipment limited in quantity. Output performance measures from simulation experiments include the utilization of allocated OR times, waiting time for patients, queue dynamics, number of cancellations, and variation of finishing times, as well as occupancy statistics in the post-operative care unit. Four different change alternatives were evaluated using the simulation model. Simulation experiments showed that with the implementation of the proposed changes it is possible to achieve slightly better and more even resource utilization, as well as provide greater flexibility in scheduling operations.


The article discusses regulations on responsibility for cleaning snow and ice in the winter and provides examples of accidents that occurred due to falling snow from the roof and as a result of falling on a slippery surface in the territory of the enterprise.


Background: This study was conducted prospectively over a period of two years in accident and emergency department of Government Medical College, Srinagar. The main objectives of the study included finding out epidemiological aspects of animal bites, categorising bites and analysing associated injuries.Methods: From April 2009 to April 2011, more than 1800 patients presented to accident emergency department with injuries due to human animal conflict. Out of them, 1673 patients had only bite injuries and were treated on out patient basis were included in the study.Results: Study revealed incidence in males (69.27%) being higher than in females. The age group most commonly involved was 0-10 years and rural population (60.72%) was more affected as compared to urban population. Furthermore, dogs were most common (88.46%) animals to be involved in bites. The commonest bite category was class 2 among all the bites (58.57%) while as type 1 was least common (9.74%). Injury pattern showed that most common site of bite was lower limbs, left leg (56.90%) being more common than the right.Conclusions: We conclude from this study that animal bites usually involve age group of less than 10 years. Males and rural population are more commonly involved. Dog is most common animal involved in such conflicts. We found lower limbs are most common sites involved with left lower limb being more commonly bitten as compared to right.


Networks are universally considered as complex structures of interactions of large multi-component systems. In order to determine the role that each node has inside a complex network, several centrality measures have been developed. Such topological features are also important for their role in the dynamical processes occurring in networked systems. In this paper, we argue that the dynamical activity of the nodes may strongly reshape their relevance inside the network making centrality measures in many cases misleading. We show that when the dynamics taking place at the local level of the node is slower than the global one between the nodes, then the system may lose track of the structural features. On the contrary, when that ratio is reversed only global properties such as the shortest distances can be recovered. From the perspective of networks inference, this constitutes an uncertainty principle, in the sense that it limits the extraction of multi-resolution information about the structure, particularly in the presence of noise. For illustration purposes, we show that for networks with different time-scale structures such as strong modularity, the existence of fast global dynamics can imply that precise inference of the community structure is impossible.


Received March 31, 2005; revision received July 15, 2005; accepted July 21, 2005.

In diastolic heart failure, the left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (EF) is normal and there is increased passive stiffness with impaired relaxation of the ventricle, resulting in disturbances in the pattern of filling and elevated diastolic pressure.1–3 The mechanism underlying such failure has been thought to be principally diastolic because LV diastolic function is universally abnormal and systolic performance, function, and contractility are normal.4 However, several reports suggest that abnormalities in regional shortening are present in diastolic heart failure.5–9 The significance of these findings, especially their relation to the syndrome of heart failure, remains uncertain. Accordingly, we will review some of the structural and functional differences between systolic and diastolic heart failure, and, emphasizing the systolic or contractile behavior of the left ventricle, we will attempt to reconcile what appear to be disparate conclusions about LV systolic function in patients with diastolic heart failure.

The hearts of patients with systolic heart failure differ dramatically from those of patients with diastolic heart failure in regard to both gross and microscopic anatomic features. As will be seen, these anatomic differences tend to parallel physiological and functional differences in systolic and diastolic heart failure10,11 (Table 1).

View this table:

TABLE 1. LV Structure and Function in Chronic Heart Failure

### LV Chamber Remodeling

Patients with diastolic heart failure generally exhibit a concentric pattern of LV remodeling and a hypertrophic process that is characterized by a normal or near-normal end-diastolic volume, increased wall thickness, and a high ratio of mass to volume with a high ratio of wall thickness to chamber radius.12 By contrast, patients with systolic heart failure exhibit a pattern of eccentric remodeling with an increase in end-diastolic volume, little increase in wall thickness, and a substantial decrease in the ratio …


The article deals with the problem of pressure coupling strength. The method ol pressure coupling load capacity evaluation under the cyclic load condition is described. The "bondage-rolling mill roller" pressure cou-pling is given as an example to demonstrate internal loading and bend strain of joint details influence on the value of contact pressure and strength of the coupling


To reduce the frequency of electrically initiated, 20mm munition hangfires (delayed ignitions), a joint Army/NASA investigation was conducted to recommend quality evaluation improvements for acceptance of both primers and gun propellant. This effort focused only on evaluating ignition and combustion performance as potential causes of hangfires: poor electrical initiation of the primer, low output performance of the primer, low ignition sensitivity of the gun propellant, and the effects of cold temperature. The goal was to determine the "best" of the Army and NASA test methods to assess the functional performance of primers and gun propellants. The approach was to evaluate the performance of both high-quality and deliberately defective primers to challenge the sensitivity of test methods. In addition, the ignition sensitivity of different manufacturing batches of gun propellants was evaluated. The results of the investigation revealed that improvements can be made in functional evaluations that can assist in identifying and reducing ignition and performance variations. The "best" functional evaluation of primers and propellant is achieved through a combination of both Army and NASA test methods. Incorporating the recommendations offered in this report may provide for considerable savings in reducing the number of cartridge firings, while significantly lowering the rejection rate of primer, propellant and cartridge lots. The most probable causes for ignition and combustion-related hangfires were the lack of calcium silicide in the primer mix, a low output performance of primers, and finally, poor ignition sensitivity of gun propellant. Cold temperatures further reduce propellant ignition sensitivity, as well as reducing burn rate and chamber pressures.


A cyclostationarity based feature detection by calculating autocorrelation function for OFDM signal with cyclic prefix is proposed as a spectrum sensing scheme for dynamic spectrum access. However, this approach cannot be applied to single carrier modulation signals without cyclic prefix. This paper proposes a novel spectrum sensing scheme for single carrier modulation signals using clock timing extraction based feature detection, where envelope detection is used for clock timing extraction and an overlap FFT filter-bank is used to receive the primary signals using the designated frequency band. This paper also evaluates false-alarm and miss-detection probability performance of the proposed scheme and compares with those of the conventional energy detection scheme by computer simulation.


Development of engine in automotive industry is deemed critical in order to fulfil demands by passengers and also due to pressure bring forward by the fact of stringent government law for protecting noise and air quality. In order to improve engine quality, understanding on flow properties in engine cylinder is of major importance because flow condition significantly influences engine efficiency. Capabilities in providing optimum flow conditions which include high discharge coefficient, optimum swirl ratio, and optimum tumble ratio in respective engine can result in enhancement of engine power and comfort, along with reduction of fuel consumption, exhaust emission and noise. This research aims to investigate the effect of different piston bowl configurations on in-cylinder flow characteristics. Cold flow simulation is used to compare in-cylinder flow for engine with three different piston bowls during intake stroke and compression stroke. Simulation analysis represents the flow properties in term of swirl ratio and tumble ratio. Result computed from this analysis shows that piston bowl geometry has little influence on in-cylinder flow during intake stroke. However, piston bowls configurations inflicted significant effect on flow during compression stroke especially near top-dead-centre. This analysis defined that at the end of compression stroke, engine model with toroidal shape piston give 34.8% improvement in term of swirl ratio and 7% improvement of tumble ratio value compared to original piston bowl shapes.


Matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) plays important roles in cancer development and aggression. Our previous studies revealed a strong association between the MMP-2 −1306C/T polymorphism and risk of several cancers. A novel −735C/T polymorphism in MMP-2 promoter has been identified but the function is undefined. This study examined our hypothesis that these two polymorphisms might have functional relevance and impact on risk of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in the context of haplotype. Genotypes and haplotypes were analyzed in 527 cases and 777 controls and odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated by logistic regression. The function of the polymorphisms was examined by electrophoretic mobility shift assays, luciferase gene expression assays, and reverse transcriptase-PCR analyses. It was found that the −735C→T transition disrupts an Sp1 site and displays a lower promoter activity. The C-1306–C-735 haplotype had 7-fold increased luciferase expression and 3.7-fold increased MMP-2 mRNA levels in esophageal tissues compared with the T-1306–T-735 haplotype. A case-control analysis revealed a 1.52-fold (95% CI = 1.17–1.96) or 1.30-fold (95% CI = 1.04–1.63) excess risk of developing esophageal squamous cell carcinoma for the −1306CC or −735CC genotype carriers compared with noncarriers, respectively. A greater association was observed between elevated risk of developing esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and C-1306 or C-735 allele containing haplotypes, with the risk being highest for the C-1306–C-735 haplotype compared with the T-1306–T-735 haplotype (OR = 6.53; 95% CI = 2.78–15.33). The C-1306–C-735 haplotype was also associated with increased risk for distant metastasis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (OR = 3.34; 95% CI = 1.16–9.63). These findings suggest that the C-1306–C-735 haplotype in the MMP-2 promoter contributes to risk of the occurrence and metastasis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma by increasing expression of MMP-2.


A novel approach is discussed to choose the bandwidth for kernel density estimation. Based on the Gaussian kernel function, the recursion formula of bandwidth is derived. The method is reasonable by means of comparison.


Field investigation was carried out to evaluate the new formulation of bispyribac sodium 10 SC in direct seeded rice during rabi (August to February) of 2011-12 at Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore. The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design and replicated thrice with the objective to find out the effect of bispyribac sodium 10% SC on weed control efficiency and yield of direct seeded rice. The treatments consist of EPOE application of bispyribac sodium 10% SC at 10, 20, 40 g ha -1 , nominee gold 20 g ha -1 (bispyribac sodium 10 SC) on 15 DAS and PE butachlor 1.5 kg ha -1 , anilophos 0.45 kg ha -1 , pretilachlor S 0.45 kg ha-1 on 3 DAS + HW on 40 DAS and power weeder, conoweeder weeding at 20 and 40 DAS, HW twice on 20 and 40 DAS and unweeded control. Application of pretilachlor S 0.45 kg ha -1 on 3 DAS + HW on 40 DAS registered lower weed density and dry weight at 20 DAS but during the later stages of crop growth EPOE application of bispyribac sodium 10% SC 40 g ha -1 recorded lower weed density and dry weight. The grain and straw yield in both the treatments were comparatively higher than other treatments.


G 185-32 is a pulsating hydrogen atmosphere white dwarf with a relatively rich pulsation spectrum of 14 modes identified from Whole Earth Telescope data. Castanheira et al. (2004) provide some suggested mode identifications, along with a recent Te f f and log g value of 11,960 K and 8.02 ± 0.04. We present our preliminary seismological results based on evolutionary white dwarf models that match the observed Te f f and log g value. We are able to fit most of the observed periods to within about 1% in period (1 − 3 s) using models having masses of 0.60 to 0.65M . The best fitting hydrogen layer mass is either about 10−4M if the 72.5 s mode is ` = 2 or about 10−6M if the 72.5 s mode is ` = 4.


Background Objectives To evaluate the effect of anakinra treatment on days of work and domestic activity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methods In a six-month, placebo-controlled study conducted in Europe, 473 patients with RA were randomised to receive anakinra 30, 75 or 150 mg/day or placebo. Days of work and domestic activity were evaluated at baseline and after 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, and 24 weeks of therapy using an economic resource survey. The total days of work and domestic activity gained after commencing treatment were quantified as productivity and compared in patients receiving placebo or anakinra. Results Patients receiving anakinra demonstrated greater gains in productivity for all doses examined (see table). These gains occurred rapidly, with over a two-day gain by week 8, and over 13 days gained on completion of the study. Furthermore, at the end of the study, an additional 14% of patients receiving anakinra did not miss any work or domestic activity, compared to 6% receiving placebo (data not shown) Table 1. Productivity (Work and Domestic Activity) Days Gained:Abstract SAT0242 Table 1 Placebo 30 mg 75 mg 150 mg All anakinra Week 0–4 0.22 1.64 1.66 1.83 1.71 Week 4–8 0.81 2.17 2.27 2.62 2.35 Week 8–12 0.74 1.61 1.98 2.63 2.06 Week 12–16 0.72 2.03 2.33 3.05 2.46 Week 16–20 1.08 2.56 2.48 3.21 2.74 Week 20–24 0.02 1.61 2.20 2.33 2.04 Total 3.55 11.62 12.93 15.66* 13.37* *p-value < 0.05 for comparison with placebo. Conclusion Patients receiving anakinra treatment experienced rapid and dose-related increases in days of work and domestic activity.


Girl power began with Madonna and the lady herself has never been lost for words when it comes to explaining where she's coming from. A genuine superstar in a class of her own, Madonna has revolutionised the world of entertainment with her ability to be all things to all people in her ongoing crusades as the 'mother of reinvention'. Everyone has an opinion of Madonna - but if you want the word from the horse's mouth, rather than the other end, this collection of quotes from the lady herself is a must.


Advanced technology includes techniques, materials, and architectures which provide real advantages over those currently used. Such technology has not replaced the technology currently being used for one or more of the following reasons: (1) it is generally unknown, (2) it does not have all the necessary input and output interfaces, (3) it is incompatible with established standards and practices, or (4) it needs to be implemented. The US Army Test, Measurement, and Diagnostic Equipment Activity Advanced Technology Office's job is to identify such technologies and remove the impediments to their usage. This paper describes one of the Advanced Technology Office's success stories, the Diagnostic Analysis and Repair Tool Set, or DARTS.<<ETX>>


Silverwares of Miao people were magnificent and eye-catching.It demonstrates the charm of the Miao'arts.It also brings beauty into people's life and let them enjoy it.The beauty it presented was closely linked up to aesthetic orientation including the natural beauty,artistic beauty,the beauty of form and artistic conception,etc.This was results of Miao people who practiced aesthetic for long time.It was crystallization of Miao's history,Miao's beliefs,customs,emotions and the ideas of Miao's aesthetics.


Over the last few decades, a considerable number of experimental studies have been made on the time-course of literal and nonliteral comprehension. These studies have been devoted to test two incompatible models of nonliteral processing: serial model and parallel (direct) model. The serial model states that literal interpretation is an obligatory process and nonliteral interpretation is triggered only when the literal interpretation is rejected as incongruous. Thus, it predicts longer processing times for nonliteral sentences as compared to literal sentences. On the other hand, the parallel/direct model claims that nonliteral interpretation is computed directly, without the rejection of the literal interpretation. As a result, it predicts no processing time difference between literal and nonliteral sentences. However, both models explain only a limited number of the time-course findings: some studies have shown equal (or shorter) processing times, while other studies have shown longer processing times for nonliteral interpretation. What these results indicate is that literal interpretation does not always have priority over nonliteral one and nonliteral interpretation is not always derived directly. Recently, Giora (1997) proposes that the serial/parallel debate can be reconciled by the graded salience hypothesis: nonliteral and literal comprehension can be viewed as governed by a simple principle of salience that more salient meaning is processed first. The view underlying the model, which we agree with, is that no priority is assumed with respect to literality. However, Giora's (1997) explanation of the time-course findings by the graded salience hypothesis is inconsistent mainly because she takes a static view of salience which decides priorities for multiple interpretations. Her analysis of the findings is based on the salience of lexical meanings of a sentence, and assumes that the priorities decided by the lexical salience remain static during language comprehension. The purpose of this paper is to consistently explain a variety of apparently incompatible psycholinguistic findings on the time-course of nonliteral comprehension. For this purpose, we argue that (a) three levels of language comprehension — i.e., lexical access, sentence meaning construction, discourse interpretation — should be separately considered, (b) a priority of one interpretation to an alternative interpretation at one level does not entail the same priority at higher levels because of a shift in salience caused by contextual support, and (c) this dynamic view of salience based on the multilevel analysis best accounts for the time-course findings of nonliteral versus literal comprehension.


Abstract Let p 1 , … , p n be n distinct points in the plane, and assume that the minimum inter-point distance occurs s min times, while the maximum inter-point distance occurs s max times. It is shown that s min s max ≤ 9 8 n 2 + O ( n ) ; this settles a conjecture of Erdős and Pach (1990).


Photoelectron emission from the Si surface has been studied with XPS and a-UPC (atinospheric Ultraviolet Photoelecton Counter). Adsorption of organic molecules with -OH group was observed on the HF-etched Si surface with XPS measurements. A-UPC measurements in the air showed the alternation of threshold photon energy for photoemission due to the persence of adsorption of -OH group. From those results, it is considered that space-chage layer formed on the Si surface influenced photoelectron emission. And this phenomenon can be observed effectively with a-UPC in the air


panoramik radyografi ABSTRACT Estimation of the trabecular structure of alveolar bone before implant planning in orthodontic treated patients by using fractal analysis method Background: The aim of this study was to assess the trabecular bone pattern changes of orthodontically treated patients before orthodontic treatment (T0), immediately after (T1) and 6 months after (T2) the treatment by using fractal dimension (FD) analysis in order to guide implant applications. Methods: Totally 32 orthodontic patients who had one missing tooth were included in the study. Patients were treated to align the teeth and to create a dimensionally appropriate space for implant placement. Panoramic radiographs were taken with standard protocols at the time periods of before (T0), immediately after (T1) and 6 months after (T2) treatment. FD analysis was performed using Image J 1.3 software with the box- counting method. Results: The highest FD value was measured before treatment (T0=1.47±0.14). Mean FD values of T2 was found statistically significantly higher (1.32±0.14) than T1 (1.19±0.15) (p<0.001). Conclusion: It is suggested not to plan implant surgery immediately after the end of orthodontic treatment because trabecular bone gains more complex nature over time. FD analysis is a simple and cost-effective tool for examining bone structure in


In this paper, we present a new identity-based encryption IBE scheme using bilinear pairings. Compared with the famous IBE scheme of Boneh and Franklin, ours is more practical in the multiple private key generator multiple-PKG environment. We prove that our scheme meets chosen ciphertext security in the random oracle model, assuming the intractability of the standard bilinear Diffie-Hellman problem. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The study assesses the impact of commercial diplomacy (CD) and its role in the national transformation and internationalization of small-to-medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Quantitative analysis was used to interpret the data, and four models were formulated to assess the interconnectivity among the three main variables. A total of 123 Saudi SMEs were included based on pre-determined inclusion criteria. The data collected was analyzed using the Generalized Estimating Equation (GEE). The study found SMEs had an incomplete understanding of the different roles of CD. It also illustrates that integrating CD into national transformation is critical given its positive influence on the internationalization of SMEs. It also shows that such integration positively affects the SMEs penetration of foreign countries and sets the base for establishing long-term relationships in the international market. The study concludes that CD plays an essential role in stimulating the internationalization of SMEs, most notably if it is a part of a comprehensive national transformation process. It also highlights that SMEs must capitalize on the state?s interest in CD to establish a cordial relationship with foreign networks to expand growth and penetration of the international market.


Introduction: Anorectal malformations are a complex group of congenital anomalies affecting rectum, anus and also the urogenital tract in a significant number of patients. A number of imaging studies are performed as a part of preoperative assessment and planning for but postoperative MRI may play a key role in finding out the anatomical differences and analyzing the desired and actual surgical outcome. Objective: To study the MRI findings in children with anorectal malformation (ARM) after surgical repair (3 months after repair) and compare the differences from normal. Material and methods: Pelvic MRI studies of 20 ARM patients after surgical repair (3 months after all stages of repair completed) were analyzed to determine the location and volume of the neorectum, anorectal angle, anal stenosis, presence of peritoneal fat herniation, status of the puborectalis sling and pelvic floor muscles and other associated urinary tract and vertebral column abnormality. Findings were compared with those of normal children undergoing MRI for unrelated complaints. Results: Children with incontinence were more likely to have an increased anorectal angle while children with constipation have increased rectosigmoid volume. Puborectalis sling and pelvic floor muscles were thin in almost all patients with high ARM. Lower cord anomalies, lower sacral agenesis and neurogenic bladder are also a frequent


The strip intercropping system has used due to many advantages. Many researches supported these crop systems are usually equal to or better than monoculture crop systems in both total production and profit. There was no research to examine the important ecological factors in the competition between crops. A strip intercropping system composed of adjacent narrow strips of corn, soybean, and oat/legumes has been investigated in Iowa, USA. This study conducted to investigate why and how the differences in soybean yield are produced and affected by light, one of the microclimate, of the strip intercropping system. In height, the two rows of soybean closest to corn were taller than the two rows near the then-empty oat strip. The height of each crop decreased as the amount of light received increased. Weight of plant parts was lowest in row 1, nearest corn, and highest in row 4, next to the vacant oat strip. Daily photon flux density(PFD) increased with increasing distance from corn, with the highest value occurring on the edge next to the empty oat strip. Analyses of the relationship between light and biomass of soybean showed that all biomass measurements had a positive relationship to total PFD per day except height.


Molluscs remains are generally numerous in loess sequences and a rich literature deals with them. But since the proposal of Lozek's method which is widely used in Quaternary molluscan studies, no new methods have been proposed apart from some adjustments. It is a fundamental fact that to propose a new approach implies consideration of the studied material with other concepts. Nevertheless to renew existing methods and concepts needs the opportunities of new techniques, new physical supports but also depends on the scientific hard core of scientists. The generalization and the rising power of computers and micro-computers was one opportunity for the geosciences. More precisely, the renewal of concepts in paleontology leads to new hard cores based on multidiseiplinary approaches implying a quantification of data. That is the reason why morphometry appears in evolution studies, quantitative paleoclimatology firstly developed on marine micro-organisms, quantitative paleoecoiogy to characterize the different type of associations, quantitative biostratigraphy -- all these approaches widely using multivariate methods. Concerning Quaternary molluscs, I have attempted to develop new concepts because these organisms allow precise studies dealing among others with evolution, biogeography, climatology, and biostratigraphy. They are generally present in the loess sequences which record several climatic cycles, that is to say variations in geospbere--biosphere relations. Consequently analyses of loess molluscs are able, using statistical analyses, to contribute to the understanding of the geosphere-biosphere system.


On 26 April 1952 peat-diggers found a human body when cutting peat in Nebelgaard bog south of the hamlet Grauballe, near Silkeborg in Jutland. This find together with a bog body found at Tollund two years before has since played a significant part in the discussion about the Iron Age people, their religion, and society. P. V. Glob's famous book The Bog People (1969) made Danish bog bodies known far outside the borders of Denmark and outside the circle of professional archaeologists. The Grauballe man has since 1955 occupied a central space in the permanent exhibition at Moesgård Museum, Aarhus. He has been the reason for the visits of countless school children. To celebrate the 50th anniversary of the find, the museum decided to present him in a new modernized exhibition, presenting the find history, the preservation process and the results of scientific investigations. As a preparation, the present condition of the body was examined and its preservation for the future was consolidated. New scientific analyses have been undertaken with new modern methods. These investigations are the content of this book. The book contains 22 papers written by 38 authors, presenting the many different scientific investigations that the Grauballe man has gone through. They range from preservation analyses, skin analyses, CT scans, visualizations, endoscopy, analyses of stomach contents, hair, and bones, analyses of forensic evidence such as injuries and cause of death. A reconstruction of the appearance of the man's face has been attempted. Furthermore, the book contains some more general chapters on 'the magical bog and the bog people'. The book is subdivided into six thematic sections: (1) Discovery, Investigation and Conservation 1952; (2) New Scientific Investigations – Preparations and State of Preparation; (3) Looking Inside Grauballe Man; (4) New Insights; (5) Reconstructing Grauballe Man – His Life and Death; and (6) Bogs and People in the Iron Age. All notes and references are found at the end of the book. In the first section two papers describe how the Grauballe man was found and how he was examined and treated. We follow the body on its way from the bog to the museum and we hear of how the find was treated in the daily press. The first exhibition became a great public success. We follow the choice of preservation methods and the preservation process. As always it is interesting to read what attitude professionals took when a bog body suddenly appeared at their desk, how they reasoned and what choices they made. In the second section four papers present the background of the book, i.e. the exhibition celebrating the 50th anniversary of the discovery. In this connection it was decided to evaluate the state of preservation and ensure the preservation for posterity. At the same time new scientific examinations were undertaken to supplement the 50-year-old ones, using new methods for analysing a bog body. The preservation analyses conclude that the condition of the body is good. In this section it should have been interesting to read more about the discussions that must have taken place when deciding how to design a new exhibition of a human corpse. A visit to the exhibition or a look at the photos in the book presents associations to an anatomical theatre like the one built by Olof Rudbeck 1662 in Gustavianum, Uppsala. These theatres were built so medical students could follow the dissections of corpses; in the same way the architect of the exhibition has given the audience the best opportunities to study every detail of the Grauballe body. Undoubtedly, exhibitions of bog bodies, mummies, and skeletons – remains of dead humans – fascinate and stimulate the


Trisomy 8 is the most frequently observed trisomy in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). It occurs as a sole karyotype abnormality or in addition to other chromosome aberrations. It was the aim of this study to analyze the impact of trisomy 8 on the expression of genes located on chromosome 8 in different AML subgroups. Therefore, gene expression analyses were performed in a total of 567 AML cases using Affymetrix U133A+B oligonucleotide microarrays. The following 14 subgroups were analyzed: +8 sole (n=19), +8 within a complex aberrant karyotype (n=11), +8 with t(15;17) (n=7), +8 and inv(16) (n=3), +8 with t(8;21) (n=3), +8 and 11q23/MLL (n=8), and +8 with other abnormalities (n=10). These were compared to 200 AML with normal karyotype and the following subgroups without trisomy 8: complex aberrant karyotype (n=73), t(15;17) (n=36), inv(16) (n=46), t(8;21) (n=37), 11q23/MLL (n=37), and other abnormalities (n=77). In total 1188 probe sets cover sequences located on chromosome 8 representing 580 genes. A significant higher mean expression of all genes located on chromosome 8 was observed in subgroups with +8 in comparison to their respective control groups (for all comparisons, p<0.05). Significantly higher expressed genes in groups with +8 in comparison to the respective groups without +8 were identified in all comparisons. The number of identified genes ranged from 40 in 11q23/MLL to 326 in trisomy 8 sole vs. normal. There was no common gene significantly overexpressed in all comparisons. Three genes (TRAM1, CHPPR, [MGC40214][1]) showed a significantly higher expression in 5 out of 7 comparisons. Between 19 and 107 genes with an exclusive overexpression in trisomy 8 cases in only one subtype comparison were identified. In addition, we performed class prediction using support vector machines (SVM) including all probe sets on the arrays. In one approach all 14 different subgroups were analyzed as one class each. Only 3 out of 61 cases with trisomy 8 were assigned into their correct subclass, while 40 cases were assigned to their corresponding genetic subclass without trisomy 8. In a second approach only two classes were defined: all cases with trisomy 8 combined vs. all cases without trisomy 8. Only 26 out of 61 (42.6%) with trisomy 8 were identified correctly underlining the fact that no distinct gene expression pattern is associated with trisomy 8 in general. Performing SVM only with genes located on chromosome 8 did not improve the correct assignment of cases with trisomy 8 overall. Only cases with trisomy 8 sole were correctly predicted in 58% as compared to 11% in SVM using all genes. In conclusion, overall the gain of chromosome 8 leads to a higher expression of genes located on chromosome 8. However, no consistent pattern of genes was identified which shows a higher expression in all AML subtypes with trisomy 8. This data suggest that the higher expression of genes located on chromosome 8 only in part is directly related to a gene dosage effect. Trisomy 8 may rather provide a platform for a higher expression of chromosome 8 genes which are specifically upregulated by accompanying genetic abnormalities in the respective AML subtypes. Therefore, trisomy 8 does not seem to be an abnormality determining specific disease characteristics such as the well known primary aberrations (t(8;21), inv(16), t(15;17), MLL/11q23) but rather a disease modulating secondary event in addition to primary cytogenetic or moleculargenetic aberrations.

 [1]: /lookup/external-ref?link_type=GENPEPT&access_num=MGC40214&atom=%2Fbloodjournal%2F104%2F11%2F2034.atom


Abstract : With the advent of sophisticated rewarming techniques, physiologic systems demonstrate great tolerance to hypothermia. Organs can be cooled, and in some cases frozen, leading to a decrease in metabolic demands and then rewarmed with little or no long-term damage. Not all cases of hypothermia are reversed with rewarming. The major challenge for extending the limits of tolerance to hypothermia is to ascertain the fundamental mechanisms that are unleashed upon rewarming. The microvasculature remains the key site for extending human tolerance to hypothermia. The currently favored hypothesis for frostbit- induced damage is that free radicals are released by reperfusion that subsequently alter vascular tone. Eventually, these changes cause failure of the microcirculation and endothelial cell damage, resulting in thrombosis and necrosis. It is probable that the same cascade of events that occurs in frostbite also occurs during rewarming of the hypothermic patient. Predicting which system will fail upon rewarming is difficult since in many cases the hypothermia is secondary to some underlying pathology. This review will focus on two aspects of tolerance to the cold: 1) the physiologic effects that occur during hypothermia, and 2) the role various forms of rewarming play in reversing hypothermia.


The invention provides a process for graft polymerization of butadiene latex with phenylethene and acrylic nitrile for macromolecular agglomerating agent, wherein the agent comprises agglomerated PB latex 40.00-85.00%, phenylethene 8.00-25.00%, acrylic nitrile 2.50-15.00%, initiating agent 0.01-2.50%, emulsifying agent 2.50-16.0%, the components are charged into an autoclave, the reaction pressure is atmospheric pressure, controlling the temperature between 50-80 deg. C, the reaction time of the graft polymerization is 5-10 hours.


To the Editor.—

The commentary by Dr Perlman1 raises important questions about whether severe intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) in ventilated premature infants is reduced, unaffected, or increased by morphine infusions to derive a balance between its beneficial and adverse effects. Although he agrees with the conclusions of our analysis on morphine and hypotension,2 he also raises several issues that require clarification. We address these issues to allow clinicians the opportunity to make their own judgments about the effects of morphine analgesia in ventilated preterm neonates.

First, Perlman asks at what postnatal age infants were enrolled and/or when they received the initial loading dose of morphine. These and other data regarding morphine therapy in the NEOPAIN trial are summarized in Table 1.

View this table:

 TABLE 1
Morphine Therapy in the NEOPAIN Trial

Next, as we have pointed out in previous reports,2,3 Perlman echoes that "failure to obtain a cranial sonogram at study entry is a major weakness." This reflects the pragmatic choice of designing the NEOPAIN trial to include NICUs that did not have …


Autonomous locomotion has two essential functionalities: mapping builds and updates maps by uncertain position information and measured sensor inputs, and localization is to find the positional information with the inaccurate map and the sensor information. In addition, obstacle detection, avoidance, and path designs are necessarily required for autonomous locomotion by combining the probabilistic methods based on uncertain locations. The sensory inputs, which are measured by a metric-based scanner, have difficulties of distinguishing moving obstacles like humans from static objects like walls in given environments. This paper proposes the low resolution grid map combined with reinforcement learning, which is compared with the conventional recognition method for detecting static and moving objects to generate obstacle avoiding path. Finally, the proposed method is verified with experimental results. ■ keyword :∣Obstacle Avoidance∣Grid Map∣Reinforcement Learning∣Autonomous Locomotion∣Path Generation∣ 접수일자 : 2018년 12월 28일 수정일자 : 2019년 01월 21일 심사완료일 : 2019년 01월 21일 교신저자 : 양정연, e-mail : firstname.lastname@example.com 산업용 자율 주행 로봇에서의 격자 지도를 사용한 강화학습 기반 회피 경로 생성기 개발 73


Wireless sensor networks where nodes operate on batteries so that energy consumption must be minimized are considered. We analyze the power consumptions for multi- hops communication with non-regenerative relays that can only amplify the received signal without decoding and coding it. For energy-constrained systems, the transmitter efficienc y, relay performance as well as its position play important roles. This paper presents the multihops transmission model and focuses on the case of two and three hops. The system configuration and parameters (efficiency, noise figure) can make multihops more energy efficient than single-hop, although in a classic al non heterogeneous system, the single hop is always more energy efficient. This paper is a first step to better understand the impact of material characteristics of sensors on multihops transm is- sions. We consider a heterogeneous network where objects of different kinds can ensure some amplify and forward function. We propose a thorough study of the energy consumption, particularly taking into account the efficiency of the trans mitter and the relay. Given a quality of service (signal to noise rat io at the receiver), we aim to minimize the global consumption and we evaluate the impact of the relays' characteristics. If efficiency (source and relay) and noise level (relay and destination) are equal, the multihops transmission is less power effective than the direct link. However, the dissipated ene rgy is shared by the different objects involved in the transmiss ion which can result in a longer lifetime of the network. Besides, a disparity in the objects' parameters can result in importa nt changes in the dissipated power. In section II we present the source, relays and destination characteristics. We derive the optimal solution to save energy given a signal to noise ratio at the receiver, although this solution is practically impossible. In section III we evalu ate the interest of multihops non-regenerative relaying and the impact of efficiency and noise level on the consumption. We analyze the cases of two and three hops links and show what relay configuration and position can make relaying transmissions more or less energy efficient.


Algorithms have long existed for the synthesis of finite-state models from specifications in temporal logics such as computation tree logic (CTL). In 1982, Emerson and Clarke [1] used such an algorithm as part of a method of automatically generating shared-memory concurrent systems. In this paper, we show that under certain mild restrictions, a similar model-generation algorithm can be used to synthesize a controller that operates in a distributed environment, i.e., entirely by message passing. In order to express these restrictions as part of a specification, we depart from the traditional use of CTL variants by introducing the notion of "controlled" and "uncontrolled" client states, This simple modification gives us a simple and elegant way to use the syntax of temporal logic, which is based on propositions describing states, to specify which actions of the generated system are to be regulated by the controller. Thus we can express concepts similar to those of discrete-event control theory [2] in a language that has not been generally used for that purpose. Our specification language is Indexed CTL (ICTL), the variant of CTL that was used by Emerson and Clarke. Like ordinary CTL, ICTL is defined syntactically over a set P of atomic propositions (state descriptors), and can be used to express both safety and progress properties. We distinguish between controlled and uncontrolled states by partitioning P into the disjoint subsets CP and ZP respectively. This partitioning is quite straightforward: any state that a client must sometimes be prevented from entering is a controlled state; all others are uncontrolled. In the classic mutual exclusion problem, for example, the "critical" state should be controlled, while "noncritical" and "trying" are uncontrolled. Likewise, in the readers-writers problems, both the "reading" state (which may collide with a write) and the "writing" state (which may collide with either a read or a write) must be controlled. We can now


Objective To investigate the correlations of serum her-2 and cox-2 levels with clinical pathological characteristics and Long-term prognosis in patients with non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC).Methods Enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assay(ELISA)was used to detect the levels of her-2 and cox-2 in the serum samples collected from 221 NSCLC patients and 41 controls.The concentrations of her-2 and cox-2 were compared between different patients,and there correlations as well as their influences on prognosis were also analyzed.Results The levels of serum her-2 and cox-2 were significantly higher in the NSCLC patients than those in the controls(P0.05),which were also positively correlated tumor stages(Spearman's rank correlation coefficient r:0.830,0.719,P0.05).Univariate analysis showed that serum concentrations of both her-2 and cox-2 expression were closely correlated with survivals of the patients(P 0.05).Multi-factor analysis showed that both her-2 and cox-2 concentrations in the serum were not independent risk factors influencing prognosis,but their combination can predict the prognosis of patients 1.5(1.08-2.09).Conclusion Serum levels of her-2 and cox-2 expression are significantly correlated in NSCLC patients,and combined detection for their expression may be of important value in judgment of prognosis.


Tumors within the chest cavity are extremely rare in childhood. Most of those reported occupy the mediastinal space, arising from the structures contained therein, or are embryonal in character. The occurrence of a sarcoma in a child, arising from the inner aspect of a rib and filling the right thoracic cavity, is of such rarity that we believe the following case report is of interest. REPORT OF CASE History. —A boy, aged 12 years, came to the outpatient department in 1919, complaining of being easily tired, of losing weight and of elevations of temperature in the evenings. His father died of pulmonary tuberculosis in 1917. A positive Pirquet and a 4 plus Wassermann reaction were the only positive findings at that time. Antisyphilitic treatment was followed indifferently until 1923. The boy occasionally complained of cough, loss of weight and abdominal pain. Nov. 26, 1924, he was admitted to the hospital,


Photolysis of 4-diazocyclohexa-2,5-dienones gives rise to CIDNP spectra indicating that cyclohexadienone carbene reacts in a singlet state, whereas its di-t-butyl derivative reacts as a triplet.


Since 2008, we have been holding these annual workshops at Kirkridge combining yoga and spirituality! For thousands of years, yoga has been a means to obtain a higher level of spiritual understanding. As such, it can be complementary to one''s own religious background. During this weekend we will explore yoga through asana (physical postures), meditation, and philosophy as it applies to a variety of religious and belief systems. We will explore the transformative power of the body/ mind/spirit connection and the principles practiced to encourage peace in the body and the greater world. We will focus this year on the yogi mystic poet, Rumi, who was born in 1207 and has become among the best known and selling poets in America. His writing speaks both of ordinary life as well as a greater long- ing and search for God. His poetry reflects universal themes, and his spirituality is embraced by many from different religious backgrounds. The suggested books will be utilized for discussion during the retreat. In addition, please bring with you a favorite quote or piece of poet- ry to share with the group on Sunday morning. Our weekend will be a mix of hatha practice, discussion and time for reflection in this beautiful setting nestled in the mountains during the lovely changes of the fall season. All levels of yoga are welcome!


It was not until the Chinese modem educational system was founded that the modern educational philosophy emerged as a study subject in China. The principal beliefs of the Chinese traditional educational philosophy is the Unity of Heaven and person and the Unity of Knowing and Diong. The Chinese modern educational philosophy sees itself in three aspects devoid and insufficient: Lack of running thorough knowledge connection between both the traditional and modern, and between the Western and Chinese; more or less inaccuracies in its scientific research which, to some extent, slow down its development; Some difficulties in theoretical research. To promote its development in the new millenium, the scientific study on educational philosophy can be conducted in relation to four aspects, that is, a feasible methodology in its research, a welcome sense of educational value, an objective recognition on people's quality and a favorable understanding on subjectivity.


The principle behind detecting activations using functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) is essentially a voxel by voxel t-test on a series of images acquired under diierent conditions (Friston et al., 1995b; Worsley & Friston, 1995). Currently, the index of neuronal activity used for these experiments is the Blood Oxygenation Level Dependent (BOLD) contrast (Ogawa et al., 1990). The assumption in functional neuroimaging is that an increase in neuronal activity within a brain region results in an increase in local blood ow, leading to reduced concentrations of deoxyhhmoglobin in the blood vessels. Unlike oxyhhmoglobin, deoxyhhmoglobin has a diierential magnetic susceptibility in relation to the surrounding tissue. Therefore, relative decreases in deoxyhhmoglobin concentration lead to a reduction in local eld inhomogeneity and a slower decay of the MR signal, resulting in higher intensities in T2 weighted images. The signal changes due to any hhmodynamic response are small compared to signal changes that can result from subject motion, so prior to performing the statistical tests, it is important that the images are as closely aligned as possible. Subject head movement in the scanner can not be completely eliminated, so motion correction needs to be performed as a preprocessing step on the image data. Most current algorithms for movement correction consider the head as a rigid object. In three dimensions, six parameters are needed to deene a rigid body transformation (three translations and three rotations). The rst step in the correction is image registration, which involves determining the parameter values that optimize some criteria for matching each image with a reference image. In order to be eeective, the accuracy of the registration needs to be within a fraction of a voxel. Following the registration, the images are transformed by resampling according to the determined parameters, generally using a form of sinc interpolation. In the purest form of sinc interpolation, the values of every voxel in the image are needed to resample a single voxel. This is not feasible in practice, so a windowed sinc function (using only a few nearest neighbours) is generally used as an approximation.


We report the first direct measurement of the nuclear electron capture (EC) decay $Q$-value of $^{7}$Be $\rightarrow$ $^{7}$Li via high-precision Penning trap mass spectrometry (PTMS). This was performed using the LEBIT Penning trap located at the National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory/Facility for Rare Isotope Beams (NSCL/FRIB) using the newly commissioned Batch-Mode Ion-Source (BMIS) to deliver the unstable $^{7}$Be$^{+}$ samples. With a measured value of $Q_{EC}$ = 861.963(23) keV this result is also three times more precise than any previous determination of this quantity. This improved precision, and accuracy of the $^7$Be EC decay $Q$-value is critical for ongoing experiments that measure the recoiling nucleus in this system as a signature to search for beyond Standard Model (BSM) neutrino physics using $^7$Be-doped superconducting sensors.


A fuzzy logic controller (FLC) used for the seam tracking of an arc welding robot is presented in this paper. The paper discusses the issues of the fuzzy logic which are pertinent to the design and implementation of an intelligent seam tracking controller. This controller is designed to operate in the uncertain environment of weld seam tracking. The characteristics of the proposed fuzzy controller combined with an integrator have provided for the salient feature of robot joint position control under uncertain disturbances. It enables an arc welding robot to track the weld seam accurately. The effectiveness of the proposed fuzzy algorithms is demonstrated by computer simulation. Compared with a conventional PID controller, the fuzzy controller yields conspicuously improved performance.


This paper describes an experimental study of effects of GA-56 on the central nervous system, respiratory and circulatory system, smooth muscle and urinary volume, 1) GA-56 did not effect the central nervous system, such as was seen regarding the sleeping time of hexobalbital, convulsions of strychnine, pain sensation and body temperature. 2) GA-56 revealed little effect on the respiratory and circulatory system, such as respiration, blood pressure, electrocardiogram, isolated atrial, isolated heart, whole heart, peripheral blood vessels. 3) GA-56 showed no remarkable effect on smooth muscle, such as isolated intestine of guinea-pig and rabbit and whole intestine of rabbit. GA-56 did not effect on the urinary volume. By way of summarization, it has been demonstrated that GA-56 is a safe drug provided it is administrated orally.


Front matter Preface Contents Catalysis on well-defined metal surfaces and nonmetallic substrates The steam reforming of hydrocarbons Oxidation over copper, silver and gold catalysts High-temperature oxidation by metals The catalytic oxidation of sulphur dioxide The spillover of chemisorbed species Catalysis by zinc oxide Catalysis on non-faujasitic zeolites and other strongly acidic oxides Polymerization by carboanions and carbocations Catalysis Author index


Abstract presented at the 30th International Conference of Alzheimer's Disease International, 15 18 April 2015, Perth, Australia Disciplines Medicine and Health Sciences | Social and Behavioral Sciences Publication Details Winbolt, M., Fleming, R., Beattie, E., Cunningham, K., Stafford, A. & Baral, H. P. (2015). Advancing practice in the care of people with dementia: a national approach to education and knowledge transfer. 30th International Conference of Alzheimer's Disease International: Abstract Book (pp. 148-148). Australia: Alzheimer's Disease International. Authors Margaret Winbolt, Richard Fleming, Elizabeth Beattie, Kathryn Cunningham, Andrew Stafford, and Hannah P. Baral This conference paper is available at Research Online: http://ro.uow.edu.au/smhpapers/2836


This paper examines how the New York City Metropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA) could draw from data visualization techniques to enhance their business. The authors propose a purpose-based taxonomy for categorizing transportation network visualizations to identify what types of visualizations will be most helpful to the MTA. Taking advantage of newly-released datasets, they created several visualizations for this purpose.


The 1.5 TeV electron/positron CLIC beams, with a total power of 14 MW per beam, are disrupted at the interaction point (IP) due to the very strong beam-beam effect. The resulting spent beam products are transported to suitable dumps by the post-collision beam line, which generates beam losses and causes the production of secondary cascades towards the interaction region. In this paper the electromagnetic backgrounds at the IP are presented, which were calculated using biasing Monte Carlo techniques. Also, a first estimate is made of neutron backshine from the main beam dump. Abstract The 1.5 TeV electron/positron CLIC beams, with a total power of 14 MW per beam, are disrupted at the interaction point (IP) due to the very strong beam-beam effect. The resulting spent beam products are transported to suitable dumps by the post-collision beam line, which generates beam losses and causes the production of secondary cascades towards the interaction region. In this paper the electromagnetic backgrounds at the IP are presented, which were calculated using biasing Monte Carlo techniques. Also, a fi rst estimate is made of neutron backshine from the main beam dump.


We studied coping strategies, using the WCCL-R in a sample of patients with chronic low back pain. We also evaluated pain (EVA and Pain Drawing), disability (SIP) and depressive symptoms. Nonspecific chronic low back pain patients (CLBP) reported more avoidance and self-blame coping, instead of problem solving strategies. They prefer these strategies cither to cope with their back pain or with other relevant problems. These patients differ in this respect from patients with specific back pathologies, however both groups reported the same pain intensity and disability related to back symptoms. A higher number of depressive symptoms in the CLBP group was confirmed. The findings indicate the importance of coping processes in psychological interventions with chronic low back patients and suggest directions for future research


Intrapartum events including asphyxia in term fetuses account for significant amounts of subsequent neurological handicap, including cerebral palsy (CP). The prevention of such handicap is a major justification for fetal surveillance during labor as well as for the increasing cesarean delivery rate. Despite the pervasive application of electronic fetal heart rate (FHR) monitoring for the detection of fetal asphyxia and the rising cesarean rate, there has been no diminution of the rates of CP, neonatal seizures or neonatal encephalopathy, despite a reduction in the frequency of stillbirth attributable to asphyxia.


Electrical properties ofPECVDproduced poly- Siphotovoltaic layers onthevarious textured substrates showing thelight trapping effect havebeeninvestigated using anAC-conductivity technique. Fromtemperature dependence ofelectron (hole) conductivities using n-i-n (p-i-p) structures, theFermilevel ofthepoly-Si layer on theslightly textured substrates isfoundtolocate atthe center ofthebandgapandthis material is'truly' intrinsic. AsRMS roughness ofthetextured substrate, qincreases, theFermilevel becomes close toconduction bandedge, andfinally, thepoly-Si layer onthehighly textured substrate exhibits n-type character eventhoughany deposition conditions forthepoly-Si layers arenot changed atall. Changes inelectrical conductivities ofthe poly-Si thinfilms inconjunction withtheresults on photovoltaic performances andmicrostructure arealso discussed.


PurposeIn this study, a dynamic contracting model is developed between a venture capitalist (VC) and an entrepreneur (EN) to explore the influence of asymmetric beliefs regarding output-relevant parameters, agency conflicts and complementarity on the VC's posterior beliefs through the EN's unobservable effort choices to influence the optimal dynamic contract.Design/methodology/approachThe authors construct the contracting model by incorporating the VC's effort, which is ignored in most studies. Using backward induction and a discrete-time approximation approach, the authors solve the continuous-time contract design problem, which evolves into a nonlinear ordinary differential equation (ODE).FindingsThe optimal equity share that the VC provides to the EN decreases over time. In accordance with the empirical evidence, the EN's optimistic beliefs regarding the project's profitability positively affect its equity share. However, the interactions between the optimal equity share, project risk and both partners' degrees of risk aversion are not monotonic. Moreover, the authors find that the optimal equity share increases with the degree of complementarity, which indicates that the EN is willing to cooperate with the VC. This study's results also show that the optimal equity shares at each time are interdependent if the VC is risk-averse and independent if the VC is risk-neutral.Research limitations/implicationsIn conclusion, the authors highlight two potential directions for future research. First, the authors only considered a single VC, whereas in practice, a risk project may be carried out by multiple VCs, and it is interesting to discuss how the degree of complementarity affects the number of VCs that ENs contract. Second, the authors may introduce jumps and consider more general multivariate stochastic volatility models for output dynamics and analyze the characteristics of the optimal contracts. Third, further research can deal with other forms of discretionary output functions concerning complementarity, such as Cobb–Douglas and constant elasticity of substitution (See Varian, 1992).Social implicationsThe results of this study have several implications. First, it offers a novel approach to designing dynamic contracts that are specific and easy to operate. To improve the complicated venture investment situation and abate conflict between contractual parties, this study plays a good reference role. Second, the synergy effect proposed in this study provides a theoretical explanation for the executive compensation puzzle in economics, in which managers are often "rewarded for luck" (Bertrand and Mullainathan, 2001; Wu et al., 2018). This result indicates a realistic perspective on financing and establishing cooperative relationships, which enhances the efficiency of venture investment. Third, from an empirical standpoint, one can apply this framework to study research and development (R&D) problems.Originality/valueFirst, the authors introduce asymmetric beliefs and Bayesian learning to study the dynamic contract design problem and discuss their effects on equity share. Second, the authors incorporate the VC's effort into the contracting problem, and analyze the synergistic effect of effort complementarity on the optimal dynamic contract.


The problem in this research is how to form Athletic Kids learning model approach to coastal environmental Elementary School fourth grade students in District School I Manggar Sluke Rembang district. This research method development is the basis for developing a model that will be generated, the result shows that the model development approach Athletic Kids learning environment on the coast of fourth grade students I Manggar Elementary School District District Sluke Apex apparently meets both criteria, based on an analysis Penjasorkes expert evaluation data and expert learning in small-scale trials, obtained an average percentage of 84.87%. The results of the analysis of a small-scale trial data obtained average percentage answer choices that fit 85%, the results of data analysis of large-scale trial of an average percentage of 92%. Based on these results it can be concluded that the model of learning through environmental approaches Kids Athletic beach in class IV Elementary School District Sluke I Manggar Rembang district and either can be used.


On the assumption that the target of diploid yeast cells at the logarithmic stage of growth is the nucleus, in which there is homogeneous distribution of sensitive sites with linear size of the order of 1-10 nm, estimation was made of the probability of a different number of elementary physical lesions in the target as function of radiation dosage from protons varying in energy. From these data, survival curves and RBE as function of dosage were calculated. A comparison of calculated RBE as function of dosage to experimental functions made it possible to estimate the thickness of the sensitive site as 10 nm, mean ''distance'' between them as 60-80 nm and threshold energy of development of lesion as 1 keV.


Maximizing the information per the expected unit energy cost in biological neurons is vital in understanding the functionality of our nervous system and improving the bio-inspired nano-networks. Hence, toward a better comprehension of neuronal information processing and communication from an information-energy standpoint, this paper presents the following novel results on the capacity-achieving distribution: 1) For the first time, the paper presents the probability mass function of the number of spikes observed in a given time window where inter-spike intervals follow the Inverse Gaussian distribution. To extend this result, the first and second moments of the underlying probability mass function will be determined. 2) The paper proves that the relationship between the underlying probability mass function and the marginal distribution of the intensity parameter is one-to-one when the parameter is a random variable. 3) Proof that a unique capacity-achieving distribution for the stimulus intensity exists in a discrete form with a finite number of mass points that varies with the energy budget. Then, the paper presents an algorithm that numerically computes a trade-off between the maximum transmit bits and the coding-duration energy expenditure. Subsequently, the optimal multiplier along with the optimal distribution and the corresponding capacity will be obtained.


The author reviews the vigorous impacts of the financial crisis on the shipping industry,focuses on the analysis of the key measures employed by China's shipping industry to fight the crisis,and discusses the future development trend of the shipping industry.


To the Editor: —Probably Dr. Loewenstein and Dr. Donald would not have written their paper, "A Color Stereoscopic Phenomenon," which appears in your October issue (Arch. Ophth. 26: 553, 1941) if they had run across my much shorter paper of thirteen years ago (Verhoeff, F. H. : An Optical Illusion Due to Chromatic Aberration, Am. J. Ophth . 11: 898, 1928). I not only described the phenomenon about which they speculate but pointed out features of it which they overlook or misunderstand. Moreover, I clearly demonstrated that it is dependent on two optical factors, chromatic aberration and eccentricity of the lens system, while they attribute it in great part to some obscure psychologic cause. I also pointed out that the eccentricity can be provided by artificial means when, as is sometimes the case, a person does not possess a sufficient amount of it to permit him to observe the phenomenon. This fact