A simple method was developed for field use in geochemical prospecting. It is based upon the formation, at a pH of about 6, of the yellow colored uranium dibenzoylmethane complex which is extracted from the water sample with carbon tetrachloride. The organic phase is separated from the water and its color intensity compared visually with that of a set of standards. In this way it is possible to detect amounts of uranium down to 1 mu g of U/sub 3/O/sub 8/. The dibenzoylmethane is added to the water sample as a 0.5% w/v solution in a 1:1 v/v pyridine-water mixture containing 0.6% w/v ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (disodium salt) to complex interfering metallic ions. Ascorbic acid is also added to the water sample to eliminate the interference otherwise caused by ferric iron. It was found that many waters contained organic matter that caused emulsification and orange-brown colors in the carbon tetrachloride layer. To remove this interference, several types of adsorbent material were examined including silica gel, activated alumina, kaolin, precipitated manganese dioxide and several grades of activated charcoal. Of these, certain grades of activated charcoal proved to be the most satisfactory. The adsorbent is added to the acidified water sample which ismore » then filtered and neutralized with alkali before preceeding with the method. It was found that the addition of 2 vol.% of silicone fluid to the carbon tetrachloride helped to prevent emulsification, as does the addition of sodium chloride to the aqueous phase. (auth)« less


The proportion of microcrystalline cellulose and alginic acid present as excipients in the dry mix for an oxytetracycline dihydrate tablet formulation, prepared by a conventional wet granulation process, has been shown to influence granule formation and properties. Granule size distributions have varied widely due perhaps to variation in binder distribution. Granulating with water was equally satisfactory to granulating with a PVP solution. Slugged granules produced robust tablets, which disintegrated and dissolved rapidly.


This work is a critical historical exploration of the police in their role of social control in Colombia to the historical period known as regeneration. To this end, we have studied both legal texts and social realities pertaining to the Police understood in two senses: its role and institutional structure. From this analysis finds a paradox: while most of its powers were administrative, powers allowed police omnipresent as social watchdog beyond strictly criminal.


Quantum flux parametron (QFP) shift registers employing four-phase clocking are designed. In order to generate subharmonics of a given clock frequency, one to four single-bit shift registers are cascaded in a closed-loop configuration. The clock is obtained by shorting the end of the microstrip clock lines, and is applied as a standing wave. Using this scheme it is observed that for some frequencies, the crosstalk between the output and clock signals is dramatically reduced. The clock current amplitude margin is deduced from the maximum operating frequency of some of the devices; it is at least 17% at operating frequencies beyond 5 GHz. The 1-bit device is observed to operate from DC up to 16.2 GHz and the 4-bit shift register structure functions at frequencies over 5 GHz. >


Hypothesis / aims of study Hyperexcitability of C-fibre bladder afferent pathways has been proposed as an important pathophysiological basis of neurogenic detrusor overactivity with spinal cord injury (SCI). However, the functional and molecular mechanisms inducing hyperexcitability of C-fibre bladder afferent neurons after SCI are not fully elucidated. We therefore examined changes in electrophysiological properties of bladder afferent neurons obtained from spinal transected rats, especially focusing on voltagegated potassium (K + ) channels and the expression levels of α–subunits, which can form A-type K + (KA) channels. Activation of KA channels is known to reduce excitability of capsaicin-sensitive C-fibre bladder afferent neurons from spinal intact rats [1].


Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is inflammation-related cancer and the 4 th  leading cause of death globally .  Neopterin is an instant biomarker of the cellular immune response and belongs to the pteridine class. The levels of neopterin are believed to be very closely linked with the tumor size in patients with HCC.  Various studies have proven that  neopterin can modulate the cellular oxidant-antioxidant balance, thus causing cell toxicity. In this study, we investigated the cytotoxic effects of neopterin alone and in combination with two of the known cytotoxic agents of doxorubicin and cisplatin together with vitamin C, a well-known antioxidant agent. SNU-449, Hep3B, Mahlavu, and PLC/PRF/5 HCC cell lines were used in this study. Our results showed that increasing concentrations of neopterin does not have any significant effects on the cytotoxicity while as expected the three other agents decrease the viability of all subjected cell lines. SNU-449 is the most resistant HCC cell line among others. Considering the effectivity of combinational therapy in cancer patients, the effect of various combinations of neopterin with doxorubicin, cisplatin and vitamin C on the viability of the most resistant cell line of SNU-449 has been investigated. We found that the addition of cisplatin to the combination of neopterin and vitamin C, causes a greater decrease in cell viability of SNU-449 cells compared to the dual therapy with neopterin and vitamin C, while the addition of doxorubicin to the same dual therapy, leads to a decrease in the effectivity of it.


ERRATUM: Saving Lives through Voluntary Blood Donation: Learning from Medical Students in Ruvuma, Southern Tanzania
 Moshi M. Shaaban, Kauke B. Zimbwe, Bernard Mbwele
In the original version of this article, the name of author Moshi M. Shaaban was incorrectly written, the correct name is Moshi. M. Shabani.
Reference
Moshi M. Shabani, Kauke B. Zimbwe, Bernard Mbwele, Saving Lives through Voluntary Blood Donation: Learning from Medical Students in Ruvuma, Southern Tanzania, TMJ Vol 31 No. 4 (2020); 1-20.


Laser light scattering has been employed to study the pressure-induced associating behavior of a diblock copolymer of poly(1,1-dihydroperfluorooctylacrylate) and poly(vinyl acetate) (PFOA-b-PVAC) in supercritical carbon dioxide, a pressure-dependent selective good solvent for the PFOA block. Over a pressure range of 90-552 bar at 65 °C, as can be observed experimentally, there exist five pressure regions. At very low pressures (<148 bar), the PFOA-b-PVAC copolymer is essentially insoluble in pressurized carbon dioxide. At low pressures (148-206 bar), a small portion of the copolymer is dissolved to form unimers with a constant average hydrodynamic radius (R h ) of about 2.2 nm. Around a phase separation pressure of ∼225 bar, most of the copolymers were dissolved to form unimers in solution. In the pressure region of 242-310 bar, micelles with a very narrow size distribution were formed in equilibrium with single polymer chains (or unimers). In the high-pressure region (i.e., 379-552 bar), the micelles were gradually dissolved to unimers with increasing pressure, while some anomalous large aggregates appeared around the critical micelle pressure. The appearance of the anomalous larger aggregates can be ascribed to the copolymer composition heterogeneity. On the basis of a model of the mass action law of micelle formation and the bimodal size distribution obtained by the CONTIN analysis, quantitative information such as the critical micelle concentration (cmc), and the average association number (N) were estimated in the normal micellar region. With increasing pressure, the cmc increased, but N decreased. The kinetics of dissolution and of micelle formation of the copolymer around the phase separation pressure region was also examined..


We discuss the distinctive opportunities and challenges of adopting a PD approach to the development of 'Web 2.0' applications. Web-based services pose significant difficulties in interacting effectively with user groups in terms of traditional PD methods. However there are some quite popular 'peer-production' services which have been successful in overcoming such challenges and thereby offer useful insights into participatory approaches for developing applications that depend on the ongoing voluntary contributions by groups of physically dispersed individuals. These are illustrated through a reflective account of the iterative development of PIPWatch, a Firefox extension that enables web users to monitor the privacy policies and practices of the websites they visit, using data contributed by previous visitors and site privacy officers.


It′s found from the 165 fairy tales of Hans Anderson that his fairy tales represent the phenomenon of obstacle between imaginary world and the practical world which particularly shows when facing each other,one side(mainly human being) does not know the existence of the other.In his fairy tales,"silence" is used as a way of imaginary."Silence"is one of the magic weapons for Anderson "to go freely among the souls with or without life" and it′s the important method for his fairy tales to break the deadlock between imaginary and practical.The existence of "silence" shows the two worlds and at the same time describes the ambiguous fantasy of Hans Anderson.


People use stairs for vertical movement. Stair use is a convenient way to exercise and has a special meaning for energy conservation. Much research has been done on how to encourage the public to use stairs more through health educational messages. Most of those studies focus on the numbers of using stairs changes after the promotion but not describe whether the behavior changed resulted from the promotion. In this study, we investigated 55 respondents' daily stair use and elevator use for four weeks and focused our interest on the effects of stair use by the environmental protection interventions. The study results showed that the respondents increased their stair use after receiving e-mail messages about environmental protection. The study also found out that environmental protection promotion had longer lasting effects on respondents who counted their daily carbon reduction from decreasing elevator use every day than those who did not.


Changes in climatic variables and land-use evolutions can significantly alter the hydrological behaviour of watersheds. For management purposes it is important to study the hydrological impact of these evolutions in order to define adaptation strategies and plan adaptation measures. Hydrological models may help us assessing the impact of these changes. For this study, in which the complete hydrological system is important, a detailed physically realistic and spatially distributed model code is used. These kinds of models maintain the physical details at a given grid size and consider the distributed nature of hydrological properties such as soil type, slope and land-use.


Coastal Ecology
Hurricanes are notorious for the havoc that they wreak on coastlines. However, destruction can also be accompanied by an injection of nutrients into ecosystems. Castaneda-Moya et al . report a hitherto underappreciated beneficial effect of high-energy disturbances. In the aftermath of Hurricane Irma, which hit the Florida Everglades in 2017, there was a notable fertilization pulse in mangrove forests as far as 10 kilometers inland. Phosphorus-rich sediments deposited by the hurricane boosted the soil nutrient pool and resulted in increased phosphorus uptake by mangrove species. The potential hurricane-enhanced plant productivity may promote soil stabilization and resilience to future disturbances and sea level rise

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 117 , 4831 (2020).


. Let A be a Banach "-algebra. A is locally ¿"-equivalent if, for every selfadjoint element t e A, the closed *-subalgebra of A generated by / is *-isomorphic to a ¿"-algebra. In this paper it is shown that when A is locally ¿"-equivalent,


Building strategic visions for any economy is based on understanding the historical path of this economy and diagnosing the mechanisms of development action in it and the main pillars upon which it is based in implementing the structure of economic activities and the extended roots in drawing the features of the current state of the national economy. This article presents a study of trends in the Iraqi economy, analyzes trends in the development and structure of GDP in industry and agriculture since 2018 and targets for 2022-2023. These indicators are analyzed taking into account the impact of the pandemic. Based on the results of the study, recommendations were made for neutralizing negative factors. According to the authors, for the development of the Iraqi economy, it is necessary to develop industry, chemical and petrochemical industries.


Purpose  The goal of this study was to assess student perceptions of effective small group teaching during preclinical training in a medical school that promotes an integrated, systems‐based undergraduate curriculum. In particular, students were asked to comment on small group goals, effective tutor behaviours, pedagogical materials and methods of evaluation.


The growth of normal and abnormal mammalian cells in vivo and in vitro is dependent on the environmental signals, among which growth factors (both stimulatory and inhibitory) are the most prominent. In cell cultures, most types of cells can be grown in defined medium (serum-free), supplemented by purified growth factors. The three most used growth factors in tissue cultures are the platelet-derived growth factors (PDGF), the epidermal growth factor (EGF), and the insulin-like growth factors (IGF-I and IGF-II). A combination of these growth factors can sustain the growth of most types of cells (epithelial, fibroblast-like, bone cells, even some hemopoietic cells), although growth is never as good as with 10% serum. PDGF, EGF, and the IGFs activate the corresponding tyrosine kinase receptors, from which originates a signaling pathway that is common to the three growth factors, although the IGFs (like insulin) use docking proteins (for instance, IRS-1 and IRS-2), which are not needed by the PDGF and EGF receptors. This pathway is very well known. It involves many transducing molecules (PI 3 kinase, Grb2, Sos, Raf, ras, the MAP kinases cascade, p92, all the way to the nucleus) and has been analyzed in several reviews (1–3). For convenience, I will call it the ras pathway. Although it is quite clear that the ras pathway is one of the mitogenic pathways for these three receptors, it cannot be the only one, at least as far as the IGF-I receptor is concerned. Mouse embryo fibroblasts with a targeted disruption of the IGF-I receptor genes, R-cells, can grow in 10% serum but cannot grow in serum-free medium supplemented by a variety of growth factors (4, 5), even when the receptors for PDGF and EGF are overexpressed (reviewed in Ref. 6). Furthermore, R-cells stably transfected with an activated ras are still incapable of growing in defined medium supplemented by growth factors (5). The behavior of R-cells tells us that the IGF-I receptor has an additional mitogenic pathway that is not the ras pathway and that is not shared with the PDGF and EGF receptors. There are other reports indicating the existence of a mitogenic, ras-independent pathway, as most recently shown by the elegant experiments of Barone and Courtneidge (7). Lowe et al. (in this issue) come up with a similar conclusion. They used human breast cancer cells, whose growth can be inhibited by cAMP. Their results are clear: 1) both IGF-I and EGF stimulate ERK1 and ERK2 activities, and their stimulation is not inhibited by an increase in intracellular cAMP; 2) both IGF-I and EGF increase transcription from a serumresponsive element (SRE), but, this time, an increase in cAMP intracellular concentration does inhibit the stimulation by either IGF-I or EGF. The unavoidable conclusion is that cAMP inhibits the growth of human breast cancer cells by a mechanism that is ERK-independent: by extrapolation, a rasindependent pathway. A brief digression: Lowe et al. have measured growth by an indirect method, i.e. by measuring the amount of protein. In this, they are like almost everybody else in the field of endocrine growth factors, although most investigators use radioactive thymidine incorporation, as a measure of what they call (somewhat loosely) a mitogenic response. Neither of these methods are an accurate or even reliable indication of cell proliferation. There is only one way of measuring the mitogenicity of a growth factor, and that is to count the number of cells before and after. Reviewers, though, will have to be taught that an increase in cells in DNA synthesis, from 1% to 95%, will result in only a doubling in cell number. Is the pathway suggested by the experiments of Lowe et al. the same as the one suggested by the experiments of Sell et al. (5)? I do not think so, and the reason is that the experiments of Sell et al. (5, 6) indicate a ras-independent pathway that is not shared with the PDGF and EGF receptors. In the case of Lowe et al., their pathway is common to IGF-I and EGF. This additional pathway originating exclusively from the IGF-I receptor (it is absent in the insulin receptor) is probably a pathway that plays a major role in the establishment and maintenance of the transformed phenotype (reviewed in Ref. 8). Unfortunately, I do not have the slightest idea of what is this elusive pathway, and the literature says that I am in good company. It is not for lack of trying: since we discovered, a few years ago, that a new, ras-independent pathway was involved in the mitogenic and transforming activities of the IGF-I receptor, we explored many avenues, from peptide binding to the yeast two hybrid system, so far unsuccessfully. The only thing we know is that this pathway is not required for protection from apoptosis (9). How can this hypothetical pathway be reconciled with the findings of Lowe et al. ? Well, the poet Robert Frost had only to chose between two roads that diverged in the wood (. . . and I, I took the one less traveled by), but a cell obviously has many more choices. They could be totally different pathways, whose existence so far can only be postulated, or they could be pathways branching off from the original ras pathway. They may originate from a substrate that interacts directly with the IGF-I receptor, or from a substrate that interacts with the docking proteins. Perhaps signaling from the IGF-I receptor is modulated by other signaling systems, such as G proteins, or protein kinase C, or the JAK/Stat transducing pathway, all of which are already known to cross-talk with IRS-1, for instance. At any rate, the take-home lesson is that, although the ras pathway is certainly important in mitogenesis and transformation, it is perhaps time that we also invest our time and intellects in elucidating the paths that are less traveled by. As Received March 31, 1997. Address all correspondence and requests for reprints to: Renato Baserga, M.D., Professor of Microbiology and Immunology, Thomas Jefferson University, Kimmel Cancer Center, 624 Bluemle Life Sciences Building, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107. 0013-7227/97/$03.00/0 Vol. 138, No. 6 Endocrinology Printed in U.S.A. Copyright © 1997 by The Endocrine Society


The effects of alloying MoSi 2 with Re, Al, Nb, and their combinations within the solubility limit in C11 b structure on the yield strength were investigated from room temperature to 1600°C. The yield stress behavior shows three distinct regions, solid solution softening, constant yield stress, and solid solution hardening with increasing temperature Solid solution softening was observed below 600°C due to alloying with Al and Nb, constant yield stress with varying temperature and alloying elements occurred at 600-800°C, and anomalously rapid solid solution hardening at 800°C was observed by alloying with Nb and Re. The results are explained by observations on the operative slip systems and their effects on the yield stress.


According the development of property management in China, the concept and situation of property management are introduced. This paper investigates the meanings and objects of real estate asset management based on view of investment and organization management respectively and compares with the property management. Based on data collected from a questionnaire survey and analysis of the responses, it discusses the obstacle for property management and the suggestions for property management firms.


This paper is to study the effect of Epstein-Barr virus(EBV) on the occurrence of T cell lymphoma.Scid mice were subcutaneously transplanted with fetal thymus cells infected with EBV.12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate(TPA),the tumor promoter,was injected subcutaneouslsy on the third day and once a week hereafter.About four weeks later,tumor masses gradually grew in these mice.The mice were killed from 6 to 15 weeks later,the histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations were carried out.One T cell lymphoma was found in the group receiving EBV only,and seven cases of T cell lymphoma in the group receiving EBV and TPA.No case was found in the control group that was transplanted with fetal thymus and injected with TPA.Polymerase chain reaction and in situ hybridization revealed that the T cell lymphoma cells contained the EBV EBERs?LMP1 and BARF1 genes.LMP1 protein was also found in the tumor cells.The results showed that EBV could infect fetal thymus cells and consequently induced malignant transformation by the effect of EBV or by the synergistic effect of the tumor promoter. EBV may be an important etiologic factor for T cell lymphoma.


This paper describes the application of tuned power harmonic filters (PHFs) to a three phase shunt active power filter (APF) for the harmonic minimization created by a nonlinear load. This work is performed in order to show implementation of optimized harmonic power filters to a shunt active power filter can reduce total harmonic distortion (THD) without creating new system resonance. Steady state and transient performance of proposed hybrid active power filter (HAPF) were studied through computer simulation results. This results show the proposed hybrid active power filter eliminates THD less than 1 percent in two cycles.


Mitsubishi Electric has developed a DCCB for railway substations which has the world's fastest interruption speed, which named "type-JH High-Speed Circuit Breaker (HSCB)". Some techniques used in the type-JH HSCB are reviewed. ※ Based on our investigation at Feb. 2018.


Joel Demski's book is an excellent book in accounting that provides an insightful and comprehensive study on managerial accounting using issues through a new approach based on economic theory and quantitative methods.  This book discusses comparative accounting and economic foundations in managerial accounting and elaborates the issues in the combined area in the mathematical models. The issues on managerial accounting are very interesting to study since business environments are very dynamic, hence the provision and use of accounting information in the managerial process extends dynamically over time as well. Many insightful publications in managerial accounting have emerged and some have made valuable contributions to the field of managerial accounting. In this context, the objective of the book is to provide a comprehensive discussion on how accounting information might be utilised as a basis for managerial decision making in a business organization. The managerial decision making process presented in the book is focused on the choice of factors which might incur cost and how the cost should be efficiently managed.


This is the first report of e6a2 and e1a2 BCR/ABL1 positive chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) with cryptic deletions of the 5'ABL1 and 3'BCR in separate clones which differ in genomic regions of the deleted der(9). Both deletions were detected throughout monitoring. Imatinib mesylate stabilized this CML with rare genetic aberrations for a relatively long time.


The issues raised by pots and peoples, such as social variation and cultural change, are common to archaeologists on both sides of the Atlantic. These issues are especially well-illustrated by the Gulf Olmec, one of the earliest complex chiefdoms in Mesoamerica. Maize growers in the area of southern Veracruz and northern Tabasco, the Olmec (1200 BCE to 400 BCE) are renown for their megalithic sculpture. Analysis of their pottery traditions and settlement patterns leads to an intriguing hypothesis regarding one region of the Olmec "heartland" and how its inhabitants, the Tuxtlas, were caught up in a process of ethnic differentiation.


The traditional way to build an anechoic chamber with a fire suppression network and HVAC system is to use the "box within a box approach". Meaning that the pipes comprising the fire suppression network and ducts of the HVAC system are located in a space external and separate from the actual anechoic chamber and only intrude minimally. In some cases, like the one discussed here, this is not possible. Therefore, it was necessary to place large metal pipes and ducts within the anechoic chamber. Obviously, large metal features are highly unwanted, and without taking special steps to hide them would defeat the purpose of an anechoic chamber. In this paper, the process to understand and minimize the negative effects of these intrusive structures is discussed. Descriptions of the mitigation techniques employed are included along with simulated and measured results of the reflectivity performance of the chamber. The data and the lessons learned from this exercise provide useful insights into the challenges of refurbishing older anechoic chambers with nonideal interior features and prove that they can still exhibit excellent performance afterwards.


Abstract A reversed phase HPLC assay was used to measure partition coefficients for salicylic acid, salicylamide and salicyluric acid in two-phase systems employing neat or aqueous ethylene glycol, formamide, or methanol and the organic solvents: ethylene dichloride, ethyl acetate, diethyl ether and methyl isobutyl ketone. These solvent systems permit preparative separation by countercurrent chromatography of compounds with limited aqueous solubility. Salicylic acid, salicylamide and salicyluric acid are readily separated in the system employing ethylene glycol as the stationary phase and diethyl ether as the mobile phase.


In this paper, the cost characteristics of reactive power support by the generator is determined. A non-linear optimization problem formulation is proposed to compute both real and reactive power nodal prices for pool electricity market model with hydro condenser reactive support. The marginal prices at each node have been determined for both real and reactive power considering the minimization of fuel cost, reactive power cost, and cost of condenser. Three methods are used to determine the reactive power cost are Method1, Method2, and Method3, and from these three methods Method3 is taken as a proposed method and the marginal cost comparison have been provided considering the hydro generator as condenser in the system. The results have been determined for IEEE 24 bus test system.


A non-redundant representation of the field radiated in a certain angular region ?in terms of electric type Complex Source Point (CSP) beams is analytically derived from the spherical wave expansion (SWE) of the field. This is done by first applying a particular form of the equivalence principle to a sphere enclosing the real sources and then extending the sphere to complex space. The properties of the SWE combined with the CPS angular selectivity allow one to minimize the number of wave objects needed for the field representation.


T he forest was an overwhelmingly important source of raw materials for industry and for fuel in the United States during the latter half of the nineteenth and early years of the twentieth centuries. In 1865 Thomas Starr calculated that wood and its derivativespaid "more than one-half of the entire internal revenue of the United States;' Merely thirty years later, Nathaniel Egleston's further elaborate computations led him broadly to the same conclusion: "Our cars and ships are the products of the forests. The thousand tools of our various handicrafts, the machineries of our factories, the conveniencesof our warehouse, and the comfort and adornments of our dwellings are largely the product of our forests. Behind all the varied industries and conveniences of life stand the forests as their chief source and support."


Last December, the United Nations General Assembly adopted a resolution under the initiative of the State of Qatar, which declares April 2 as World Autism Awareness Day. Autism is indeed today a very serious education and health issue around the world. At the occasion of the first World Autism Awareness Day, Autism Europe recalls the following to the Member states of the European Union and of the Council of Europe. The Member States of the European Union and the Council of Europe should pay a particular attention to autism considering the high prevalence of this disability. On the basis of evidenced scientific data, we know today that autism is not a rare condition and if the whole spectrum of autistic disorders is considered, the disability can affect 0.6% of the population. This means that Europe (including all members of the Council of Europe) counts around 5 million people with autism. With this resolution Member States of the European Union and the Council of Europe are obligate to respect the dignity and human rights of the persons with autism. For guaranteeing their full dignity, people with autism should not be considered nor treated as a population that is not able to achieve goals such as independence and self-determination. People with autism have of course the same human value as anyone else and as such they have the same human rights. Because of the complexity of their needs, they form an especially vulnerable group even among disabled persons. As underlined by the Council of Europe, people with autism are often the subject of more serious discriminations. According to the fact that people with autism are still, in great majority, deprived from personalized specialized education and treatment which would permit them to truly improve, this resolution pledge to pay particular attention and ensure appropriate care and education of these persons. The development of their unique potential depends more on the availability of suitable, early, comprehensive and lifelong support than on the degree of individual impairment. Ensuring the appropriate support requests restituting of positive actions and active measures in national systems: * Member States must ensure that persons with autism have access to appropriate and early diagnosis and treatment, in accordance with internationally accepted medical standards. People with autism must also have access to the ordinary healthcare services and receive the care that is appropriate to their health needs. * Member States must ensure that persons with autism receive appropriate education all life long. For people with autism, education represents a lot more than a basic right. Education is indispensable to compensate for the great difficulties that people with autism have in extracting meaning from simple experiences, something most other people are capable of without specific educational support. Autism-Europe considers that in Europe - but also outside Europe - there is an urgent need for sharing knowledge and best practices between countries for achieving these goals. "SPECIAL EDUCATORS AND REHABILITATORS DAYS 2008"-SERBIA In organization of the Association of Special Educators and Rehabilitators of the Republic of Serbia, in the period from 11th January to 15th January 2008 "Special Educators and Rehabilitators Days 2008", were held in the place of Vrnjachka Banja. Besides the wide area and extensive issues which were of interest to the special educators and rehabilitators, advantage of this assignation was given to the questions for: * Models of education and rehabilitation of persons with special needs for society supportfrom vision to realization; * Communities of habitation with support for persons with intellectual disability-innovative methodological approach. …


In order to promote further development of tourism in Shaanxi Province and then improve the structure of tourism products,the paper analyzes the status and bottle-neck problem of tourism development in Weihe River District based on spatial interaction theory,growth pole theory and spatial integration theory.The analysis shows that the cultural tourism district along the Weihe River is constructed to develop Guanzhong farming-culture based on agricultural and cultural tourism resources.Then a spatial structure of tourism development —— one city,one axis,multi-center is constructed,which can make a brand of Weihe farming-culture tourism with the characteristics of culture,leisure and entertainment.


To the Editor .—I tend toward intermittent herpes simplex of my right nare several times a year. On one occasion, in 1986, I had labyrinthitis without herpes simplex. I suspected a possible connection, so I took 1200 mg of acyclovir (two 200-mg capsules three times a day). The labyrinthitis diminished in 24 hours and cleared in 72 hours. Labyrinthitis without herpes simplex recurred in February 1988. I repeated the same dosage of acyclovir with identical improvement. As a dermatologist, we occasionally use a larger dose of acyclovir for the treatment of herpes simplex. The only side effect was gastroenteritis, which subsided on termination of the medication.


ABSTRACT This paper examines the emotional motives behind the reproduction and maintenance of Kurdishness as a transnational social identity among Kurds from Turkey residing in Melbourne, Australia. Drawing from 15 face-to-face, in-depth interviews with members of the Kurdish diaspora, we argue that the collective victimhood experienced by Kurds in response to repressive assimilationist state policies and crackdowns on political rights and activities in Turkey has played a significant role in shaping diasporic Kurdish identity. Our findings, however, reveal that resistance and resilience have also emerged among the members of the Kurdish diaspora in Australia, and are now equally integral to the construction and preservation of Kurdishness. By exploring the complex interplay between emotions, victimhood, resistance and resilience, this paper sheds light on the ongoing struggles and shifting diaspora identities.


Objective
To investigate the level of fructosamine in different liver diseases.

Methods
From October 2016 to October 2017, 153 patients with liver diseases hospitalized in Tongling Municipal Hospital were selected as study group, including 58 patients with chronic hepatitis B(CHB), 35 patients with liver cirrhosis(LC), 60 patients with primary hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC). Meanwhile, 40 healthy subjects were selected as control group.The total protein(TP), albumin (ALB), cystatin C(CysC), sialic acid(SA) and fasting blood glucose(FBG) were statistically analyzed.

Results
The difference of fructosamine between the HCC group and the LC group, the CHB group and the control group was statistically significant[(299.1±96.9)μmmol/L, (259.3±41.5)μmmol/L, (248.7±29.5)μmmol/L, (234.9±20.2)μmmol/L](F=11.321, P 0.05). Correlation analysis showed that there was a positive correlation between fructosamine and FBG in the CHB group(r=0.655, P 0.05). Logistic stepwise regression analysis showed that in the HCC group, fructosamine(OR=1.029, 95% CI: 1.007~1.052), CysC (OR=5 454.909, 95% CI: 78.117~380 916.873) and SA(OR=1.155, 95% CI: 1.047~1.275) were independent risk factors of HCC.

Conclusion
It has positive correlation between fructosamine and FBG in CHB and LC patients, fructosamine may not be related to glycometabolism in HCC patients, but the data of fructosamine reflect the degree of glycosylation of HCC tumor cells.

Key words:
Liver diseases; Hepatitis B; Liver cirrhosis; Liver neoplasms; Fructosamine; Glycosylation; Sialic acids


followers.,3 The episode of the spear, represented in both paintings, is the crisis of the Ninfale Fiesolano. One day Africo meets Mensola alone in the woods. Impulsively he proclaims his love, begging her to have mercy on him. Her response is quite proper; she hurls her spear at him. But then Mensola looks into Africo's face, which seems to her to have been fashioned in paradise. Her heart melts. Mensola cries out to Africo to save himself before she flees into the forest. Africo escapes the spear, but not the implications of Mensola's warning. Unlike the nymphs by the fountain, she is capable of pity-and perhaps of a different response in the future.14 At this point the painted narratives break off. According to Boccaccio, Venus now realizes that Africo, though well-intentioned, is so artless in his quest that he will soon die of frustration. Once more she appears in a vision to Africo to instruct him in the arts of love. Venus tells her servant to disguise himself as a nymph, join Mensola's band, and seize her at the first opportune moment. The last episode of the panel in Brunswick (P1. 55a) shows how Africo followed the stratagems of Venus. He steals his mother's best gown, enters the forest, and wins acceptance as a nymph because love has made him suitably thin and wan. Mensola is delighted with her new companion. In the afternoon the nymphs come to the river represented in the cassone, where they pause to refresh themselves after a lively chase. Africo is engaged in a brisker one. He has doffed his dress, plunged into the stream, and seized Mensola. Venus is about to triumph over Diana.15 Since the companion panels for the cassoni have not yet come to light, we must turn to Boccaccio for the conclusion of the Ninfale Fiesolano. After a prolonged moment of pleasure, Africo and Mensola part, vowing to meet every day by the river. The nymph, however, is soon tortured by remorse and by fear of Diana. She decides never to see Africo again. Her lover, unaware of this decision, comes every day to the river hoping to see his mistress. After a month Africo despairs and kills himself, cursing love as a villainous enterprise. The river of the Brunswick panel is now called 'Africo' as a memorial and a


To provide a resistance RAM with improved retention and switching characteristics of the memory. The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for providing a resistance RAM with improved data retention and switching characteristics. According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, at least one glass layer selenium Kaginso (18) (17, 20) resistance change memory element disposed between are provided, at least one chalcogenide glass of the glass layer There, it is preferable to have a composition of Ge


The appreciation of personnel management surroundings' dynamism depends on the rate and degree of surroundings' factors changes. Basing on the analysis of dynamism the four degrees of dynamism were distinguished. More over, the conformity of these degrees and the types of strategic personnel management system was established.


Abstract Primary intracranial germ cell tumors (GCT) represent 3-5% of central nervous system tumors with non-germinomatous germ cell tumors (NGGCTs) comprising approximately one-third. Located in the pineal and suprasellar regions, the tumors can cause central diabetes insipidus (CDI). Induction chemotherapy for NGGCT includes ifosfamide. Due to the risk of hemorrhagic cystitis associated with ifosfamide, 3000 mL/m2/day of intravenous fluids is administered. Oral desmopressin (DDAVP), the mainstay of treatment for CDI, has a long duration of action, variable intensity and can lead to hyponatremia and water intoxication due to the retention of large quantities of free water. Therefore, DDAVP is held during hyperhydration resulting in significant diuresis leading to patient discomfort and increased risk for wide electrolyte fluctuations. The volume of dextrose-containing IV fluids also places patients at risk for hyperglycemia and other metabolic disturbances. Patients with NGGCTs and CDI at our institution are admitted to the ICU for ifosfamide cycles due to the need for close monitoring and prompt interventions. ICU admission can delay therapy and potentially places patients in a setting where staff are unfamiliar with chemotherapy administration, increasing the risk of safety-related events. From a cost, resource, and patient care perspective, these admissions are suboptimal. This prompted a search for evidence to maintain patients safely out of the ICU. A literature search provided case studies citing the use of low-dose IV vasopressin. In collaboration with our endocrine and pharmacy colleagues we created a protocol to treat patients with CDI receiving chemotherapy with hyperhydration with a low-dose, easily titratable intravenous vasopressin infusion, to keep urine mildly diluted to allow enough diuresis to decrease injury while preventing excessive fluid losses and wide variations in electrolytes.


2032 Background: Establishing an early diagnosis of LMST may be difficult, as MRI findings can be equivocal and CSF cytology has low sensitivity (50% on a first spinal tap, increasing to 90% with repeat samples). IMPT based on the anti-EpCAM antibody (Veridex LLC, Warren, NJ) is a widely available tool for capturing and quantifying circulating tumor cells (CTC) in the blood of pts with solid tumors. We hypothesize that IMPT can be used in the diagnosis of LMST through identification of CSF CTC. Methods: Pts undergoing a spinal tap for suspicion of LMST were eligible. All pts had an initial MRI evaluation. CSF was analyzed by conventional cytology, and additional 7.5 mL were used to capture and quantify CSF CTC using anti-EpCAM antibody covered ferroparticles, through a modification of previously described methods (CellTracks Autoprep, Immunicon). Positive CTC was defined as ≥ 1 cell/7.5 mL (0.13/mL). A definitive diagnosis of LMST was defined as any positive CSF cytology or unequivocal MRI findings (lepto...


The ongoing worldwide pandemic due to COVID‐19 has forced drastic changes on the daily lives of the global population. This is most notable within the health care sector. The current paper outlines the response of the head and neck oncologic surgery (HNS) division within our academic otolaryngology department in the state of Alabama.


This paper analyzes the current demand of China's tourism industry for tour guides and points out the problems exciting in the training of tour guides at some places, then proposes some suggestions and ideas for solving them.


The separation of compounds with similar polarities is challenging. In the present study, five flavone glycosides, including two groups with similar polarities, were obtained from Dracocephalum tanguticum by three high-speed counter-current chromatography modes, including flow rate conversion mode, recycling mode, and heart-cut mode. With flow rate conversion mode, compounds 3 and 4 with similar polarities and compound 5 were separated by high-speed counter-current chromatography with ethyl acetate/methanol/water (5.0% acetic acid) (8:2:10, v/v) system. The flow rate was controlled as: 1.8 mL/min for 0-160 min, 2.2 mL/min for 160-200 min, and 2.5 mL/min for 200-400 min. However, compounds 1 and 2 with similar polarities were not separated due to the similar distributive property. Then, a recycling and heart-cut mode were introduced to improve the separation efficiency. The heart-cut mode was introduced in the second and third cycle, and compounds 1 and 2 were well separated in the fourth cycle. Consequently, five flavone glycosides, including two groups with similar polarities were obtained and identified as cosmosiin (1), pedaliin (2), quercetin-3-O-rutinoside (3), pedaliin-6''-acetate (4), sorbifolin-6-O-β-glucopyranoside (5). The current strategy provides a reference for separating compounds with similar polarities from a crude sample. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


Ectodermal dysplasia is a hereditary disorder characterized by developmental dystrophies involving the ectodermal derivatives characterized by triad of signs comprising sparse hair, missing or abnormal teeth and inability to sweat. Ectodermal dysplasia may be divided into the Hypohidrotic form (x-linked recessive) and the Hydrotic form (Autosomal inherited).Here we present a case of a 34 years male with Hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia with partial anodontia of maxillary arch and complete anodontia of mandibular arch.

Keyword: Hydrotic, Ectodermal Dysplasia, Hypohidrosis.


In this paper, an influence of real parameters of operational amplifier to the impedance tapered filter transfer function is analyzed. As an example, a second-order-low-pass (LP) and high-pass (HP) Sallen and Key filters with Butterworth and Chebyshev transfer function approximations are considered. Design tables with normalized element values for both cases are given. The filter elements were calculated using three different design criteria: equal resistors, capacitors and impedance tapered elements. Filter transfer functions are obtained using ideal and real operational amplifier. Real model of common operational amplifier is presented. Active sensitivities for all presented filters are shown. The results obtained by the analysis show significant influence of real amplifier in the frequency ranges higher than 100 kHz. Reduction of active sensitivities is obtained using impedance tapering, which fortunately, reduces the passive sensitivities as well.


In this paper, we focus on the two-dimensional surface quasi-geostrophic equation with fractional horizontal dissipation and fractional vertical thermal diffusion. On the one hand, when the dissipation powers are restricted to a suitable range, the global regularity of the surface quasi-geostrophic equation is obtained by some anisotropic embedding and interpolation inequalities involving fractional derivatives. One the one hand, we obtain the optimal large time decay estimates for global weak solutions by an anisotropic interpolation inequality. Moreover, based on the argument adopted in establishing the global $\dot{H}^1$-norm of the solution, we obtain the optimal large time decay estimates for the above obtained global smooth solutions. Finally, the decay estimates for the difference between the full solution and the solution to the corresponding linear part are also derived.


The reflection is presented from the course Human Occupation II, and from one of the lines of research from the Master's in Occupational Therapy UNAB Chile, about the notions of culture, socialization, daily life and their relations with occupation, in both production and social reproduction. During the master's, this relationship with culture has been discussed as an area in dispute in the production of subjectivity and inter-subjectivity about social situations of exclusion and vulnerability. Also, as an input to understand the values, beliefs and categorization of health disease processes and Occupational Therapy intervention. This link between occupation and culture is not always visible to the occupational therapist; the tendency to trivialize and make these relations invisible in the daily life acts, including occupational therapy intervention, is present in our actions and creates certain ways to subjectify the other and ourselves. Reflecting on these processes would help us occupational therapists to generate interventions that are culturally situated, to understand Re fle xi ón 1 Terapeuta Ocupacional. Magíster en Psicología Social-Comunitaria. Doctoranda en Salud, Bienestar y Calidad de Vida. Docente Facultad de Rehabilitación, Escuela de Terapia Ocupacional, Universidad Andrés Bello. Santiago de Chile, Chile. firstname.lastname@example.com, firstname.lastname@example.com


In recent years the income gap between rural and urban areas has been widening.The farmers' income has seen a sluggish increase,which to some extent affects the economic and social stability and thus attracts universal attention from the society.As one of the important tools of adjusting the income distribution,financial policy is the effective choice to narrow the income gap existing in China's current rural and urban areas.Based on the current status of the farmers' income distribution in China,this article analyzes the issues in the financial policies in the rural area and their impacts on increasing farmers' income and then advances some financial proposals to enhance the increase.


ECG and pulse signal are important human physiological signals, where the information of human cardiovascular system can be deduced. The analysis of ECG and pulse signal is great significant for prevention and detection of cardiovascular diseases. Traditional pulse signal acquisition systems only can acquire the unilateral pulse signal. However, the pulse signals in two arms could be different due to the different geometries of two arms' blood vessels, the difference of vascular elasticity and the characteristics of surrounding tissues, and so on. In this paper, multi-channel signals acquisition system based on C8051f410 microcontroller is proposed. The single channel ECG signal and dual channel pulse signals can be synchronously acquired, displayed and analyzed. This system can be used for future study on the diseases related to the different structures and functions of bilateral vascular systems.


An anomaly intrusion detection method based on a HMM is given.We pass the system call trace of unix privileged process into a HMM to get state transition sequences.Preliminary experiments prove the state transition sequences can express the different mode between normal action and intrusion behavior more stably and more simply than the short sequence in TIDE can do.Although building a HMM is computationally expensive,we can get three advantages,that is,smaller profile database,needing smaller training data,and greater difference between normal data and abnormal data.So we can detect more quickly and with lower false positive rate.


As a powerful information means, big data technology has the characteristics of strong permeability, wide coverage and high concealment. With the gradual deepening of the deconstruction of historical nihilism by mainstream ideology, historical nihilism has gradually shifted its main position from academic field to life field, offline to online, from researchers to netizens, and evolved new communication characteristics through big data, resulting in the erosion of mainstream ideology There are three major hazards: the pollution of the network public opinion environment and the misleading of netizens' historical cognition. In view of this, this paper will focus on the interaction between the three variables of technological progress, morphological evolution and governance change, and build an integrated theoretical model combined with the general political system theory. Based on the big data public opinion governance paradigm of "co construction, CO governance and sharing", improve the supervision system of big data platform, create a scientific and dialectical dialogue environment, and cultivate network citizens who know history and reason.


Variation in respiratory traits was quantified between two populations of the sailfin molly Poecilia latipinna (one from a periodically hypoxic salt marsh, Cedar Key, and one from a chronically normoxic river site, Santa Fe River). Two suites ofcharacters were selected: traits that may show both short-term acclimation response and interdemic variation in acclimation response (metabolic rate, critical oxygen tension and respiratory behaviour), and those that are not likely to respond to short-term acclimation but may vary among populations (gill morphometric characters). Sailfin mollies from the salt marsh, acclimated to hypoxia (1 mg l � 1 , c. 20 mmHg) for 6 weeks, spent less time conducting aquatic surface respiration and had lower gill ventilation rates than hypoxia-acclimated conspecifics from the well-oxygenated river site. Poecilia latipinna acclimated to hypoxia exhibited a lower critical oxygen tension (Pc )t han fi sh acclimated to normoxia; however, there was also a significant population effect. Poecilia latipinna from Cedar Key exhibited a lower Pc than fish from the Santa Fe River, regardless ofacclimation. Cedar Key f had a 14 % higher mean gill surface area relative to fish from the Santa Fe River, a character that could account, at least in part, for their greater tolerance to hypoxia. # 2004 The Fisheries Society ofthe British Isles


1. Active Cl‐ currents were studied in short‐circuited toad skin epithelium in which the passive voltage‐activated Cl‐ current is zero. Under visual control double‐barrelled microelectrodes were used for impaling principal cells from the serosal side, or for measuring the pH profile in the solution bathing the apical border. 2. The net inward (active) 36Cl‐ flux of 27 +/‐ 8 pmol s‐1 cm‐2 (16) (mean +/‐ S.E.M (number of observation)) was abolished by 2 mM‐CN‐ (6.3 +/‐ 3.5 pmol s‐1 cm‐2 (8)). The active flux was maintained in the absence of active Na+ transport when the latter was eliminated by either 100 microM‐mucosal amiloride, replacement of mucosal Na+ with K+, or by 3 mM‐serosal ouabain. 3. In Ringer solution buffered by 24 mM‐HCO3‐ ‐5% CO2 mucosal amiloride reversed the short circuit current (ISC). The outward ISC was maintained when gluconate replaced mucosal Cl‐, and it was reversibly reduced in CO2‐free 5 mM‐Tris‐buffered Ringer solution (pH = 7.40) or by the proton pump inhibitor oligomycin. These observations indicate that the source of the outward ISC is an apical proton pump. 4. Amiloride caused principal cells to hyperpolarize from a basolateral membrane potential, Vb, of ‐73 +/‐ 3 (22) to ‐93 +/‐ 1 mV (26), and superfusion with CO2‐free Tris‐buffered Ringer solution induced a further hyperpolarization (Vb = ‐101 +/‐ 1 mV (26)) which could be blocked by Ba2+. The CO2‐sensitive current changes were null at Vb = EK (potassium reversal potential, ‐106 +/‐ 2 mV (55)) implying that they are carried by K+ channels in the basolateral membrane. Such a response cannot account for the inhibition of the outward ISC which by default seems to be located to mitochondria‐rich (MR) cells. 5. In the absence of mucosal Cl‐ a pH gradient was built up above MR cells with pH = 7.02 +/‐ 0.04 (42) and pH increasing to 7.37 +/‐ 0.02 (10) above principal cells (pH = 7.40 in bulk solution buffered by 0.1 mM‐Tris). This observation localizes a proton pump to the apical membrane of MR cells. Using the integrated diffusion equation it was shown that the measured external pH gradient would account within an order of magnitude for measured currents. 6. Standing gradients of protons were eliminated in the presence of mucosal Cl‐ suggesting that active uptake of Cl‐ is associated with the exit of base equivalents across the apical membrane of MR cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)


In this paper we discuss about the fruit categorization and quality maintenance using raspberry pi board by leveraging the machine learning concepts. India is predominantly agro based economy with Agriculture as the main source of income for the farmers who are termed as the backbone of the country. Our farmers are known to use typical old methods and due to lack of education, they are still far from incorporating the advanced technical tools in agriculture. We are proposing a low cost yet powerful fruit quality maintenance device which can be helpful for our fruit merchants and farmers. Fruit Detection classification and categorization has been implemented in this paper using Machine learning and embedded concepts. We have selected Apple, Banana, Orange, Papaya etc. fruits for the demonstration. We studied the fruit detection by methods such Haar cascade classifier and tensor flow classifier. We trained the fruit classifier by using machine learning concepts and obtained the trained classifier to detect & categorize the fruits with quality. The electronic components used here are Raspberry Pi. Instead of raspberry pi, the laptop with Linux operating system (Ubuntu) can be used. Through image processing & machine learning algorithms we identify the type of fruit and its quality. An audio acknowledgment is given about the identification of the type of fruit while processing the fruit for packaging. In further enhancement we can develop a robot which can be used to separate the raw and ripe fruits with the help of detection algorithm used in this project.


A. J. Montesinos has shown that a geodesic correspondence between two complete Riemannian manifolds with transitive topological geodesic flow is a homothety. In this paper we prove a similar result for a conformal geodesic correspondence between two singular flat surfaces with conical singularities and negative concentrated curvature.


Background—Epicardial pacing of the left ventricle (LV) has been shown to prolong the QT interval and predispose to the development of torsade de pointes arrhythmias. The present study examines the cellular basis for QT prolongation and arrhythmogenesis after reversal of the direction of activation of the LV wall. Methods and Results—A transmural ECG and transmembrane action potentials were simultaneously recorded from epicardial, M, and endocardial cells of arterially perfused canine LV wedge preparations. QT interval increased from 297.6±3.9 to 314.0±5.7 ms (n=12; P <0.001) and transmural dispersion of repolarization (TDR) increased from 35.5±5.2 to 70.3±6.2 ms (n=12; P <0.001) as pacing was shifted from endocardium to epicardium. Conduction time between M and epicardial cells increased from 12.1±1.2 to 24.2±1.5 ms (n=12; P <0.001). Amplification of TDR was further accentuated in the presence of rapidly activating delayed rectifier potassium current blockers (E-4031 and cisapride), increasing from 50.5±7.6 to 86.1±6.2 ms (n=8; P <0.01). Torsade de pointes arrhythmias could be induced during epicardial, but not endocardial, pacing of LV in the presence of rapidly activating delayed rectifier potassium current blockade. Conclusions—Reversal of the direction of activation of the LV wall, as occurs during biventricular pacing, leads to a prominent increase in QT and TDR as a result of earlier repolarization of epicardium and delayed activation and repolarization of the midmyocardial M cells. The increase in TDR creates the substrate for the development of torsade de pointes under long-QT conditions.


Relating supplementary cultivated land (SCL) quantity and quality with the occupied cultivated land (OCL) grade as well as realizing conversion between them are crucial to keep the balance between SCL and OCL, to protect the limited farming resources, to guarantee the security of national food, to harmonize the relationship between human and land resources, and to promote sustainable economic development. The Jianhan plain, one of China's grain production bases, was chosen for a case study to quantify the relationships between the grade index of farmland utilization and standard food output based on the resulting grade of agricultural land. Linear regression is used to model the relationships for 2778 samples from the grade of agricultural land obtained by field mapping. The average of grade index for different utilization grades was estimated by the area weighted average method. The results demonstrate that quantity-quality grade conversion coefficient of supplementary cultivated land, and the method used in this study are powerful tools to quantify the relationship between the quantity and quality of the SCL and the grade and realize conversion of OCL. Theses results can be used for protecting the quantity and quality of cultivated land and optimizing design for land consolidation project as well as determining the reasonable scale and layout of land use planning in the Jianghan plain.


By introducing the Wigner operator into the complex scalar field we show that the newly constructed common eigenvector of scalar field and is an entangled state. The properties of field Wigner operator is also discussed.


. The supraglacial drainage system of the Greenland Ice Sheet, in combination with surface melt rate, controls the rate of water flow into moulins, driving subglacial water pressure. We apply a physically-based surface meltwater flow model to a ∼ 20 × 27 km 2 catchment on the southwestern Greenland Ice Sheet in high and low melt years to examine the impact of surface melt rate and variability on moulin inputs. The model outputs predict important differences in moulin inputs between high and low melt years. These dynamic model outputs will be important in driving future process-scale subglacial hydrology 5 models.


To report a case series of patients with neuropathic POTS and cutaneous phosphorylated alpha‐synuclein (P‐SYN) deposition on skin biopsy and compare these to neuropathic POTS patients without P‐SYN deposition.


Thirteen years of encounter data (1984-1996) were used to examine killer whale distribution within Prince William Sound, Alaska. Four patterns of area use were found, which comprised differences between resident pods and transient groups and differences among resident groups. Resident pods frequented large open passages, while transient groups used the narrow passages and bays in the southwest. This dichotomy likely reflects resident use of salmon and transient use of pinniped prey resources, as well as the different foraging strategies required for these prey types. Four resident pods (AB, AI, AJ, and AN) used Knight Island Passage more than other areas of the Sound; two (AE and AK) used all areas of the Sound more evenly. Use of the Sound by the AT1 transient whales declined in the latter part of the study. Nearshore foraging for pinniped prey by the AT1 transient whales was more common in areas where these whales spend a disproportionate amount of time, suggesting that these areas were critical foraging habitat for them. No similar pattern emerged for Open-water Foraging for cetaceans by AT1 whales, nor for foraging by the resident whales.


When one thinks of 1960s-era protest movements, opposition to the Brazilian military dictatorship (1964–1985) does not immediately come to mind. It is not only that events in Latin America are usually of secondary concern to most Americans, but also because, in comparison to the drama of the Cuban Revolution and the coup against Salvador Allende, the events in Brazil seem pale. It would thus be tempting to think that the limited opposition in Brazil and the United States to the military regime was unimportant and ineffective. James Green, building on the outstanding work by Margaret Keck and Kathryn Sikkink (1998) on transnational advocacy networks, shows in We Cannot Remain Silent how grassroots movements are created and sustained, and how, over time they challenged and changed U.S. foreign policy.


To address the poor robust control and large scale parameter time-varying of induction-motor variable-frequency speed regulation system in electric wheel dump truck,a kind of control scheme for induction-motor variable-frequency speed regulation systems was proposed on the basis of the variable structure active disturbances rejection controller(ADRC),the change in rotor resistance was regarded as the inner disturbance of the flux subsystem,the effect of load change as exterior disturbances of the rotate speed subsystem respectively,and the extended state of an extended state observer(ESO) was used for estimation and compensation.The control scheme can solve such problems as the effect of time-varying parameter on the decoupling performance of a vector control system;and its dynamic control performance is superior to the traditional PI controller.Simulation result has verified the rationality and validity of the scheme.


The scaling law of alpha-particle induced soft errors for VLSIs is investigated using a 3-D device simulator and experimentation. In it, effective funneling length(LF), which is different from Hu's model, is proposed as a guideline for submicron cell/ device design. Effective funneling length was found to strongly depend on a memory cell size(pn-junction size)--"size effect", and a cell space--"proximity effect", as well as substrate impurity concentration. These results were also proven by experimental results. A new experimental method used here makes a good use of only one-bit cell with actual dimen tions and is very useful for determination of soft-error-rate(SER) and feasibility check of many candidates for mega-bit memory cells. Thus, based on these new findings of funneling phenomena, proposed simulation and experimental methods, it was found that a kind of scaling law for alpha-particle induced soft errors exists which determines the limitation of planar cells, stacked capacitor cells, and trench cells.


An L(2,1)-labeling of a graph G is a function f from the vertex set V(G) to the set of all nonnegative integers such that |f(x) -f(y)|2 if d(x,y)=1 and |f(x)-f(y)|1 if d(x,y)=2. The L(2,1)-labeling number λ(G) of G is the smallest number k such that G has an L(2,1)-labeling with max{f(v):v∈V(G)}=k. The L(2,1)-labeling is extended to the L(3,2,1)-labeling and the upper bounds of λ 3(G) of total graphs and block graphs are derived.


A new satellite constellation proposed for global monitoring of electrical power consumption is described in the paper. The optimal small satellite constellation structure as well as its control accuracy required for serving the mission objective throughout the designed life span is examined. The orbital dynamics is analysed for the purposes of optimal phase acquisition and formationkeeping strategy design. A low-cost strategy for spreading all satellites onto their prescribed positions under both time and fuel consumption constraints is explained. The separation errors due to control system uncertainties are analysed, and the system requirements for the constellation phase acquisition are specified. A control strategy is investigated for keeping of the relative pattern of the constellation in spite of the perturbation effects from atmospheric drag and the potential harmonics of the non-spherical Earth, and fuel expenditure is minimised. The system feasibility is demonstrated via simulation results. The control system relies upon low-cost, practical flight-proven sensing and actuating systems for small satellite missions.


The invention discloses a data transmission method. The method comprises: a receiving end receives the capability information of TCP/IP data. The size of the TCP/IP connection window is adjusted according to the capability information and then the adjusted size of the TCP/IP connection window is noticed to a sending end. The TCP/IP data sent by the sending end is received and is cached. The cached TCP/IP data is dispatched and then sent to the receiving end according to the capability information. Simultaneously, the invention discloses a data transmission device and a data transmission system. Using the invention can improve the transmission throughput of the TCP/IP data, guaranteeing the consistency from end to end and avoiding data loss.


McDermott has recently explained his fundamental philosophical shift on the methodology of artificial intelligence (AI) and has further suggested that the shift is both necessary and inevitable. The shift results from a perception that a trend towards overformalisation has detached the real problems from the research results. McDermott's criticism is an enlightened exhumation of the criticisms of the seventies and explains new ways in which the logical methodology can be abused. I argue that McDermott's criticism should not discourage the use of logic, but force a timely reexamination of its fundamental role in AI.


Probiotic microorganisms are known to provide a number of benefits to consumer health, primarily through the maintenance of balance and composition of the gastrointestinal tract. However, for the health benefits to be achieved, should remain viable probiotics in sufficient quantity in the food until the time of consumption, in addition to being able to survive passage through the gastrointestinal tract. Due to these factors microencapsulation methods have been applied in order to protect probiotics against adverse conditions they are exposed, improving their survival. The technique of spray drying is one commonly used for encapsulation of food ingredients, it offers some advantages, such as relatively low cost, ease of operation, high production rates and possibility of application in industrial scale. In this context, the aim of this work is to provide an overview of the importance and benefits of microencapsulation of probiotic cultures emphasizing the principles of metodode spray drying.


The agrarian zone of Thangone is located 30 kilometres North far from Vientiane, capital of the Lao P.D.R., near the Nam Ngum valley. The farmers of this area have in common the flooded and irrigated culture of rice crops. However, for a disparity of access to the land and irrigation, the rice yields are quite various. This is the cause for the apparition of different levels of cumulation. In this way, we can find farmers practising an intensive breeding of poultry, farmers practising an associated porcine and fish breeding, and finally fanners practising crops allowing a big income (corn, sugar cane, vegetables, fruit trees). On the contrary, there are farmers who need to have another job in order to improve their weak income, due to bad rice yields. For this class of fanners, we should encourage and facilitate the access to pork and poultry breeding, and to fertilisers. This could be done by means of developing subsidised prices or micro-credit bank. (Resume d'auteur)


With the rapid cloud computing growth, the way we use technologies is changing and at the same time it offers a great possibility to develop new modern services. The purpose of the diploma thesis is to research the possibility of developing applications in this area. The thesis describes the development of business applications on the Force.com platform. Integration between different platforms, which is the primary task of application, requires wide knowledge of modern technologies. We are going to evaluate the relation to the Force.com platform. The main part of the developed application is Java powered, hosting by Heroku platform. Later on we briefly describe cloudy concepts such as SaaS, PaaS and IaaS. Specifically we describe the CRM system, as it is the center of our application, which associates CRM with focused system for e-mail marketing. In addition to the technical solution, we describe the steps for publishing application to the AppExchange marketplace.


The present invention provides a method and system for rescaling image files compressed using the JPEG standard using an accelerator. In a specific embodiment, a system for rescaling images utilizes multiple kernels to rescale multiple images concurrently, the multiple computing kernels having the different processing functions or having the same processing function to rescale the image files. The first computing kernel in the multiple computing kernels of the system rescales the first image file, and the second computing kernel rescales the second image file concurrently, thereby accelerating the image rescaling process. The present invention is also applicable to rescaling operations of image compression formats other than JPEG.


A current and significant challenge in the design and implementation of information systems (IS) is to deal with the high failure rate of IS projects. A large number of IS projects fail. Most of these failures are not due to flawed technology, but rather due to the lack of systematic considerations of human and other non-technology issues in the design and implementation processes. In other words, designing and implementing IS is not so much an IT project as a human project about human-centered computing such as human-computer interaction, workflow, organizational change, and process reengineering. To address the high failure rate, we need a process that would increase efficiency and productivity, increase ease of use and ease of learning, increase user adoption, retention, and satisfaction, and decrease human errors, decrease development time and cost, and decrease support and training cost. In this paper we present a work-centered process called UFuRT for the design and evaluation of information systems.


Silicon photonics defines a significant advancement in the development of highly integrated devices on a single semiconductor substrate. As a revolutionizing technology it benefits from the vast infrastructure accumulated over the previous six decades to service the burgeoning microelectronics industry and has found application in a range of areas such as telecommunications, sensing and optical interconnects. It is this latter application which is addressed primarily in this review. The potential for silicon photonics as a solution to high data rate transmission through the description of the devices and processes which have emerged in the last decade is discussed. An attempt is thus made to demonstrate that the integration of photonic and electronic functionality on a silicon substrate has the potential to propel communication beyond the Terabit per second threshold in a widely deployable paradigm.


WILLIAM Niskanen has pioneered in the field of public economics by integrating government administration and political representation into a model of government behavior.1 The approach has been to apply a bilateral monopoly model, restricting his attention to two groups: a government agency and a legislative committee. My comments on his model and evidence are critical. However, since we know too little about how best to approach the economic analysis of governments, there should not be a premature rejection of any reasonable efforts, and at the minimum it must be said that Niskanen's work is highly suggestive. It is likely that more scholars will push forward with the Niskanen model and, when they do, I hope they consider the reservations expressed below. The path opened by Niskanen is so rich with possible variations that it should tempt many followers; however, I am skeptical about the fruitfulness of intensive exploration of the model of bilateral monopoly, even though it has the virtue of highlighting the power of the bureaucracy in a field which has overstressed the citizenry and legislators. My principal objections are three-fold: 1. The sectors: Any division of government is necessarily arbitrary but I believe that the minimum set of institutions which should be considered are: the executive (absent in Niskanen), the legislature, the administration (poorly represented as bureaucratic managers), the bureaucracy, and organizations of the citizenry such as parties and lobbies. 2. The objective function: Government is much more than an alternative supplier of outputs to consumer-households; it is deeply involved in the complex problems of social stability, nation building and so on which affect its behavior and the form of its institutions. Consumers' satisfactions, a dominant goal of economists, is not a sufficient objective to explain the behavior of government or to be used as the major criterion of government behavior. 3. National myopia: The expansion of government is a world wide phenomenon and therefore hypotheses dependent upon U.S. institutions or individual motivations should be viewed with suspicion. Furthermore, government growth has not been regular; there have been periods in recent history when government declined relative to the private sector and today the rate of government expansion among nations is highly variable. These suggest that more concrete historical factors will have to be intro-


Aiming at the problem that the accumulation of systematic odometry error in the process of simultaneous localization and mapping( SLAM),by adopting the relationship of the odometry error model mapped to velocity error model of each wheel and combining augmented extended Kalman filter( AEKF) algorithm structure and considering reality robot model,one SLAM method efficiently improving the precision of localization was proposed. The systematic velocity calibration parameters were appended to the state vector of EKF-SLAM algorithm becoming an augmented state,and then these parameters and the SLAM initial vector were predicted and updated. Through revising the robot's velocity and orientation online,the orientation error and odometry error were decreased. The root mean squared error( RMSE) and normalized estimation error squared( NEES) were tested. The results indicate that,comparing with conventional EKF-SLAM,the proposed method has better estimation performance,keeps the algorithm consistency and generates more accurate robot localization and feature map.


Abstract : The main results of six experiments are as follows: (i) pitch-streaming does not appear to affect polyrhythmic performance; (ii) the data show timing dependencies between the hand except when visual information was blocked; (iii) subjects performed well at high speeds keeping to within 10% of the desired speed, but details of performance suffered leading to greater instability in rhythmic performance; (iv) on the few occasions when the 5:3 rhythm became unstable, performances shifted towards a 2:1 polyrhythm.


Given previous success 1and technological limitations of endovascular devices, the "gold standard" for the treatment of wide-necked cerebral aneurysms has been surgical repair. Several issues with the morphology of these lesions have limited the application of previous endovascular technology to their successful treatment. Parent artery preservation, coil herniation and migration, arterial branch occlusion, and higher rates of recanalization have all plagued safe and effective exclusion of widenecked aneurysms via endovascular means (Fig. 11.1). The balloon-remodeling and dual-catheter techniques, and the development of three-dimensional and complex-shaped coils have attempted to address these difficulties. We are currently in the midst of an explosion of endovascular technology. The neuroendovascular field has benefited by continued improvement in devices used in other organ systems as well as an interest by individuals and device companies in products specifically designed for use in the neurovasculature. The brain aneurysm stent is one such device, with one currently available for clinical use and others soon to be released, pending approval. The original proposed indications for endovascular stents were to prevent vessel collapse from elastic recoil, to prevent propagation of dissection after angioplasty, and to force asymmetrical plaques into a cylindrical shape within the vessel lumen.30 Although animal studies began longer than 35 years ago, widespread clinical use of endovascular stents has been adopted much more recently, and remains an area of considerable controversy. In 1969, Charles Dotter placed a spiral coil into a dog popliteal artery and long-term patency was demonstrated.4 In 1983, Dotter et al.5 reported endovascular placement of nitinol stents into canine arteries. In 1985, Julio Palmaz developed the balloon expandable stent delivery system, and Schatz and Palmaz et al. published their experience with the device in dogs.27 In 1986, Jaques Puel (Toulouse, France) implanted the first stent (Wallstent) into a human coronary artery, and in 1987, Puel and Ulrich Sigwart (Switzerland) reported the first clinical experience with 24 self-expanding stents in coronary arteries of 19 patients.30 This was the beginning of a revolutionary treatment for coronary stenosis replacing the need for bypass surgery in many patients. Investigators quickly learned that stent use was not without risk, and the two main categories of problems with these devices were occlusive and hemorrhagic events (Fig. 11.2). The largest early randomized trial of balloon-expandable-stent implantation with balloon angioplasty (PTCA) alone in patients with coronary artery disease delineated the advantages and disadvantages.29 The Benestent Study Group demonstrated that restenosis at 6 months was 22% for the stent group versus 32% for PTCA alone.29 Acute and subacute vascular occlusion was 2.7% in patients with stents versus 3.5% for PTCA patients.29 A concerning statistic was the rate of bleeding complications between the groups, 13.5% in the stent group and 3.1% for PTCA.29


CdS nanocrystals synthesized in aqueous solution were used as a kind of fluorescence probe to label Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA). After being purified by a SephadexG-25 column, the luminescence of the CdS-BSA composite can be visualized under an ultraviolet lamp. Fluorescent spectral studies show that the fluorescence intensity of the CdS nanocrystals experiences little changes after being coupled with the BSA.


We describe an electron filter that exploits the known magnetotransport properties of quantum point contacts to provide local and tunable control of the spin polarization in a semiconductor. When properly configured, we show that the conductance of this device gives a direct measure of the spin polarization of carriers transmitted through it. By modeling the transport through a potential barrier with experimentally realistic parameters, we discuss the factors which must be satisfied in order to successfully implement such a device.


gress note. The GMEB mind map re-organises the abovementioned 15 categories into four GMEB categories and their distinct but easily associated subcategories. We make GMEB visually memorable by relating genes (G) to an individual's lower abdomen, mind (M) to head, environment (E) to factors external to the body and body (B) to the centre of the body. The GMEB also conveys the fact that all illnesses are caused from interactions between genes, mind, environment and body. The ASOP mind map is formed by branches of ASOP datasets with 'A' in the first rank and 'SOP' in the second. Problems and illnesses are marked under 'A' and are related to major relevant organs. For example, 'A' could be 'pneumonia' and is related to the lungs; then, 'S' records the patient's symptoms pertinent to pneumonia (if any), 'O' records objective data (i.e., physical examinations, imaging studies and laboratory examinations) pertinent to pneumonia and 'P' records related plans. 'A' and 'P' change whenever a substantial new 'GMEB' or 'S' or 'O' data become available. Thus, the human body becomes the cue and structure of clinical information collection, presentation and reasoning. Fifty-three medical students with 1 to 12 months experiences in editing computerised POMRs who learned and implemented this model were surveyed. Nearly all participants were satisfied with the model and agreed that it could help them collect data and supervise a patient's condition more systematically and efficiently than POMRs. Around 90% agreed that it could help reduce unnecessary treatments and examinations and avoid missing required treatments and that it should be integrated into current medical record systems. Altogether, 83% agreed that it could help avoid missing required examinations. Other proposed advantages include that it was interesting, memorable, readable, easily understood and helpful in clinical learning. Disadvantages include software issues, taking time to master and requiring a teacher's supervision. 3 | WHAT LESSONS WERE LEARNED?


Many black Zimbabweans believe that homosexuality was introduced to the country by white settlers and is now mainly propagated by 'the West'. The denial of indigenous homosexual behaviours and identities is often so strong that critics have been quick with accusations of homophobia. Yet those critics unfairly impose a rather crude and ultimately unhelpful analysis. Without denying that violent forms of homophobia do exist in Zimbabwe, the invisibility of indigenous homosexualities has more complex origins. This article examines the many, overlapping discourses that are constructed into the dominant ideology of masculinity and that contrive to 'unsay' indigenous male‐to‐male sexualities. It seeks in that way to gain insight into the over determination of assertively masculinist behaviour among Zimbabwean men today. It also draws lessons for researchers on the importance of interrogating the silences around masculinity.


Hierarchical ZnO nanostructures were synthesized via a low temperature hydrothermal method. The hierarchical ZnO nanostructures consisted of many porous ZnO nanowires that were grown in six symmetrical directions forming disk-like shapes. A dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) based on the ZnO hierarchical nanostructures was made, and showed improved performance than a DSSC based on ZnO nanowires arrays. The results suggest that the hierarchical ZnO nanostructures are promising for application in DSSC.


Along with the constant development and expansion of the industry of long-distance pipeline construction in China,pipeline security has gradually become a focus of the country and the whole society.In view of this,some experts proposed pipeline integrity management combined with techniques of GIS,which has been considered as a well-adapted solution.In this approach firstly it needs data modeling and then all data such as pipeline design,as-constructed,inspection data,et al.are altogether and efficiently managed within defined spatial database.In this paper,the author first compares several worldwide currently existing pipeline data models,and then explains in detail the designing process of the long-distance pipeline data model that suits our pipeline industry,referring to the international pipeline integrity management theories and methods as well as domestic practical experience.Finally,the author elaborates the whole process of establishing the pipeline integrity management information system by dint of techniques of geographic information system and spatial database.In the latter process of model application,the pipeline integrity management information system is established then,which makes full use of all types of information provided by the data model and successfully develops the LineLoop management module,risk / integrity evaluation module and site management module.Practice has proved a high potential for applications of this proposed pipeline data model in China pipeline integrity management.


Abstract A method for estimating the horizontal structure of the upper-tropospheric warm anomaly of tropical cyclones from 55-GHz microwave observations is presented. Because the peak warming occurs over an area smaller than that viewed by current and planned satellite antenna systems, it is necessary to model explicitly the interaction of the warm anomaly structure and antenna gain pattern. The anomaly is approximated by an analytic function whose parameters are estimated using a maximum-likelihood algorithm with constraints analogous to that used for thermodynamic sounding retrieval or optimal interpolation. Simulation studies demonstrate the overall soundness of the technique and its possible performance and limitations when applied to two different polar-orbiting microwave sensors, MSU (Microwave Sounding Unit) and SSM/T (Special Sensor Microwave/Temperature).


As a product of marketing mode transformation,cultural marketing,in terms of traditional modes,pro-vides a new perspective for enterprise marketing to enhance marketing competitiveness and reflects the enrichment and development of both marketing practice and theory.The integration of economy and culture urges the birth of cultural marketing and gives cultural marketing its unique connotation and function,which are distinct from traditional marketing modes.It is believed in this article that cultural marketing strategies are necessary for enterprises to construct their image and meet strong market competition.


Abstract Background The multiplex gastrointestinal pathogen panel (GIP) is a convenient and quick diagnostic test for determining the infectious etiology of diarrhea. It identifies several of the most common pathogens associated with gastroenteritis. However, it is expensive, and test results may not impact care, given that several of the pathogens in the panel are managed expectantly. We describe our experience with a diagnostic stewardship initiative to resolve the overuse of this testing method. Methods We performed a pre/post study of GIPs ordered for inpatients 18 years old and older from December 19, 2018, to December 18, 2020, at Mayo Clinic hospital in Rochester, Minnesota. GIP orders for inpatients were limited to the first 72 hours of hospitalization starting December 19, 2019. Orders after 72 hours were encouraged to be changed to Clostridioides difficile NAAT testing or sent to an infectious disease provider to override on a case-by-case basis. Our hospitals used BioFire® FilmArray® Gastrointestinal Panel (BioFire Diagnostics, Salt Lake City, Utah). Results A total of 2,641 GIPs were performed during the study period. There were 1,568 GIPs (3.3/100 hospitalizations) in the pre-intervention period compared to 1,073 (2.6/100 hospitalizations) post-intervention, representing a drop of 21.2%. The most common pathogen detected was C. difficile (toxin A/B) (48.8%, n=402), followed by norovirus (17.5%, n=144). The overall test positivity rate was 27.9% (n=736). The test positivity rate decreased 1.8% from 28.6% (n=448) to 26.8% (n=288) after the restriction (p=0.33). The proportion of C. difficile among all pathogens detected increased from 48.5% to 49.7% (p=0.67). Table 1. Pre- and Post-Intervention Test Positivity Rate of Specific Pathogens in GIP Conclusion Our study showed that restricting the ordering of GIP to the first 72 hours of hospitalization and directing providers to standalone C. difficile NAAT testing resulted in a reduction of GIPs performed. There were marginal changes in the test positivity rate of GIP. A limitation of our study is that the timing of post-intervention coincided with the COVID-19 pandemic, which had unpredictable effects on hospital practice and patient admissions. Ideally, future quality improvement projects should increase the test positivity of pathogens other than C. difficile while lowering the GIP use in diagnosing C. difficile colitis. Disclosures John C. O'Horo, Sr., MD, MPH, Bates College and Elsevier Inc (Consultant)


Objective: To explore the application effect of "Internet+" nursing in patients discharged from hospital after liver cancer operation. Methods: A total of 90 patients who underwent hepatocellular carcinoma resection in Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital from November 2019 to August 2020 were divided into an observation group (n = 45) and a control group (n = 45) randomly by drawing lots. The control group received routine discharge health guidance while the observation group underwent an "Internet+" nursing through hospital Internet information platforms, online consultation, and so on. Patients of both groups returned to the hospital one month after discharge and filled in the questionnaire. The incidence of adverse reactions, quality of life, and level of hope were compared between the two groups 1 month after discharge. Results: The incidence of adverse reactions in the observation group was significantly lower than that of the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The quality of life and level of hope of patients in the observation group were significantly higher than those in control group and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion: "Internet+" nursing service plays a positive role in improving the patients' about their disease and their quality of life after discharge from hospital after liver cancer operation, which is worthy of popularization in clinical practice.


The upper Palaeozoic reservoirs in the northern Ordos Basin are deep basin gas reservoirs. It can be divided into gas reservoirs and water areas from the south to north. Gas areas distribute in the south near source and hydrocarbon accumulation are controlled by the distribution and physical properties of the sandstones, pressure in the gas reservoirs indicates negative abnormity without marginal water and bottom water. The upward and microscopic diffusion of hydrocarbon is weak, near-surface geochemistry background field is low, the water area is distributed in the north, which is far from the source rocks, and its hydrocarbon accumulation is controlled by the structure, pressure in the gas reservoirs is normal with marginal water and bottom water. Hydrocarbon is strongly diffused upward, where near-surface geochemistry background field is relatively weaker. Based on the characters stated above, the geochemistry characteristics and abnormal patterns between gas and water areas are established for gas-water interface of deep basin reservoirs. The abnormal pattern is that the steep background area is the gas-water interface of the deep basin gas reservoirs, and the gas reservoirs in the water areas are mainly the circular and semi-circular abnormal patterns.


The nature of the newly discovered intramolecular hydrogen-hydrogen interaction in iridium complexes (Ir-H-a-H-N) was studied using the extended Huckel method. Consistent with experimental results, the interaction is found to be weakly attractive. Electrostatic interactions probably contribute significantly to this bonding mode. This hydrogen-hydrogen interaction might also be realized intermolecularly; restricted Hartree-Fock (RHF)/631G* computation yields an H--H interaction energy of 9.29 kcaUmol in FH..*HLi. Hydrogen, the most abundant element in the universe, always seems to find new roles to play in the chemical theater. Recently, a novel intramolecular hydrogen-hydrogen interaction, exemplified by (Ir)H***H(N)'s2 and (I~)Hs.*H(O),~ was reported by the Moms and Crabtree groups. A related (N)H***H(Ir)-**H(N) interaction was also found.4 The evidence for this new H--H interaction comes primarily from 'H NMR experiments. The relaxation time TI for the hydrogens on N becomes relatively short as a result of the H*-H interaction; furthermore, the H(N) peak increases about 10% on NOE decoupling of the hydride.' There is also structural evidence for a relatively close He-H contact. Consider the ion [I~{H(v'-SC~H~NH)(PC~~)}~]+, where Cy = cyclohexyl, synthesized by the Moms group.' Let us neglect the counterion, BF4-, for it does not appear to approach the region in which new bonding is exhibited. We count electrons first. The pyridinium thiolate -SC5W+H ligand, neutral as a whole, presumably acts as a two-electron donor to the metal. If the hydrides are assigned a formal negative charge, we have six ligands donating twelve electrons to Ir. As a result, iridium reaches a formal oxidation state of 3+ and a d6, 18-electron configuration. Given the unexceptional saturated Ir center, the H.*.H interaction is surprising, which is why we explore it here.


The aim of the work presented here is to provide an accurate prediction of the dynamical behaviour of reversible aerial ropeways. A mechanical and numerical model is developed in order to check the safety of any such ropeway after a haul rope rupture.

The whole installation (including carriers, counterweights and ropes) is first given an initial position. The model then simulates the disappearance of some cables and counterweights, and evaluates the subsequent displacements of the remaining parts, excluding track ropes. The model uses very simple first-order finite elements, accounting for non-linear effects caused by large displacements. The numerical integration is very efficient, and suits the capabilities of small microcomputers; it does not require matrix inversions, nor stiffness matrix evaluations.

A full-scale experiment has recently been carried out on a ropeway in the French Alps. If a simple kind of viscous damping is accounted for, numerical and experimental results compare with a reasonable accuracy. The present model is now in use for design and control of actual ropeway equipment.


The involvement of women in the construction of democratic institutions, including their work in the highest bodies of state power, is analyzed from the historical and legal point of view.


Islam being a complete code of life prohibits interest or rent on money in form of money as a source of income or profit. The objective of this paper is to propose the potential application of an Islamic banking product as a substitute financial product for the agriculture sector of Pakistan. Previous studies and economic data available by State Bank of Pakistan's web site reveal that agriculture income represents only up to 60 percent of the income of an average farm household. Nearly 70 percent of farmers depend upon the credit market for their necessities. Purchase of agri-inputs, hiring workforce and machinery are their important necessities for a farmer, which require cash. Most of these needs are financed by the middlemen who also buy the crops from farmers. This paper attempts to present applicable models of Islamic Banking keeping in view Pakistani agri-sector, by applying innovation and can be of importance for strategic decision making of Islamic Financial Institutions.