AIMS
To describe sleep experiences after stroke using subjective and objective indicators and identify possible gender differences in sleep in the acute phase and at 6-month follow-up.

BACKGROUND
Sleep disturbances after stoke are recognized, but poorly described. Gender differences in sleep exist in other populations, but have not been reported after stroke.

DESIGN
A longitudinal cohort study.

METHOD
Subjective sleep quality was measured with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and objective sleep was estimated with actigraphy in 100 patients in the acute phase and six months after stroke, from April 2007-March 2009.

FINDINGS
Subjective sleep quality was better and objective wake percentage was lower at follow-up than in the acute phase after stroke. Actigraphy estimated low sleep efficiency and many awakenings at both time points. Subjective and objective measures were correlated at the 6-month follow-up, but not in the acute phase. Women's subjective sleep efficiency and total score on the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index were worse than men's in the acute phase, but actigraphy estimated that women slept more than men in the course of a day. Women's subjective sleep quality was better at follow-up than in the acute phase. Men reported worse subjective sleep quality, but better subjective sleep efficiency at follow-up than in the acute phase, and also had lower objective wake percentage at follow-up.

CONCLUSIONS
Subjective sleep quality was poor and actigraphy indicated disturbed sleep-wake patterns in the acute phase and at 6-month follow-up. Gender differences existed in subjective and objective sleep in the acute phase, but not at follow-up.


The chapter deals with the social impact of P2P systems in light of a bidirectional connection by which technological developments influence, in a complex and often unpredictable way, the social environment whereas the dynamic evolution of the latter does affect technological progress. From this perspective, the aim is to deepen legal issues, sociological trends, economical aspects, and political dimensions of P2P technology, along with some of its next possible outputs, in order to assess one of the most compelling alternatives to the traditional frame of highly centralized human interaction.


The utility model discloses a device for stirring of adhesive, including the support, stirring leaf, choke valve, discharging pipe, gyro wheel, base, agitator tank, hot water chamber, (mixing) shaft, agitator motor, fixed frame, hydraulic cylinder and lift post, said support bottom is equipped with the base, and the base both sides are equipped with the gyro wheel, said support upper end is equipped with hydraulic cylinder, and the hydraulic cylinder lower extreme is equipped with the lift post, and lift post lower extreme is equipped with fixed frame, is equipped with agitator motor in the fixed frame, and the (mixing) shaft is connected to the agitator motor lower extreme, is equipped with the stirring leaf on the (mixing) shaft, the said (mixing) shaft outside is equipped with the agitator tank, is equipped with the hot water chamber outside the agitator tank, said agitator tank right side lower extreme is equipped with the discharging pipe, is equipped with the choke valve on the discharging pipe, the utility model is simple and reasonable in structure, stirring effect is good, and the ejection of compact is efficient, long service life, and the practicality is strong, avoids the material to remain and accumulates in the discharging pipe, results in the problem of discharging pipe jam, has also avoided the waste of material


Objective:To explore the cognitive function and its correlated clinical factors in children with schizophrenia.Method:The disease severity was assessed with positive and negative symptom scale (PANSS) and cognitive function was measured by neuropsychological test including [attention test,WMS-R-logical memory,digital span(DS),trail making test A and B(TMT-A,TMT-B),verbal fluency test (VFT),stroop colorword test (SCWT) and Wisconsin card sorting test (WCST)]in 40 children with schizophrenia (case group) before and after 24 weeks treatment respectively.The achievement of neuropsychological test was compared with 59 normal children(control group).The correlation between cognitive function and relevant clinical factors was analyzed.Results:After 24 weeks of treatment,the total score of PANSS and positive symptoms score (47.70±10.18,9.00±2.40) were decreased significantly than those at before treatment (76.80±8.49,21.63±7.98) in case group (all P0.01).Compared with control group,the scores of 15 testing of neuropsychological test in case group before treatment were worse except VFT(P0.05 or P0.01);24 weeks after treatment,the scores of forward digit span(FDS),TMT-A,Stroop-c,complete classification number of WCST(Cc) and right category of WCST (Rc) were improved(P0.05 or P0.01).Except FDS,VFT,Stroop-c and Rc,results of the rest 12 testings were still worse than those in control group (P0.05 or P0.01).There were mild positive correlation between FDS and scores of positive and negative symptom (r=0.366,0.343;P=0.020,0.030),VFT and gender(r=0.321,P=0.043),TMT-A and the age of onset (r=0.331,P=0.037).There were negative correlation between reduceing ratio of positive symptom with TMT-B (Pr=-0.351,P=0.031) and BDS(Pr=-0.374,P=0.021) only after controlling gender and the age of onset.Conclusion:There are extensive cognitive function impairment including attention,memory and executive function in children with schizophrenia,which may be one of the crucial clinic-independent symptom.


Pennington and Richards (2016) argue that if the medium of instruction (MOI) is
 not the native language of the instructor, lack of proficiency in the MOI could bring about a lack of confidence. This study inquired how
 native Japanese as a Foreign Language (JFL) teachers at tertiary institutions in New Zealand and Australia perceive their English
 proficiency, how it influences their linguistic identity, and how the fact that they are native speakers of the target language influences
 their linguistic identity. Based on responses from an online questionnaire with more than 50 respondents as well as 12 follow-up individual
 interviews, this study argues that their linguistic identity is not narrowly conceived around their non-nativeness in English and nativeness
 in Japanese, but constructed from more multi-faceted aspects of language teacher identity formation, especially by factors pertinent to the
 very nature of the tertiary teaching environment in these countries.


Microbial genomes are highly adaptable to changing environmental conditions (1). Mechanisms such as duplications, deletions, and horizontal gene transfer events generate diversity in bacterial gene repertoires. In effect, most free-living bacterial populations contain myriads of individual cells that differ in gene content. Some bacterial species contain open pan-genomes in which each strain contains a unique subset of genes, whereas others have closed pan-genomes in which the total number of genes in the population is finite (2). Thus, each bacterial population contains hundreds or thousands of genes in low abundance, any of which can rapidly spread in the population to match a new environmental challenge, given appropriate selective constraints. On top of this variability in gene content, positive or diversifying selection on, for example, genes for cell surface proteins that are targets for bacteriophages can generate dramatic gene sequence diversity among individual cells in the population despite otherwise nearly identical genomes. However, none of these responses depends on a learning process in which an individual cell temporarily changes its behavior without genetic modification to ensure a higher chance to survive when faced with a similar challenge in the near future. In PNAS, Mathias and Ackerman (3) explore the question of memory on a single-cell level.

Whether bacterial cells can "memorize" past events, and whether they can forget, and if so, how quickly, are controversial. Part of the problem is that it is not entirely clear how to define a bacterial cell "memory." Although it has been shown that bacterial behavior can be modified to reflect preceding events, the time elapsed between the events is normally very short, counting in seconds or minutes, and, as such, may not be classified as a "true memory." Fluctuations in nutrient supply or other nonlethal stress events have been shown to trigger short-term history-dependent changes in …

[↵][1]1Email: siv.andersson{at}icm.uu.se.

 [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1


This paper examines the challenges and production possibilities for diversification of agriculture in Himachal Pradesh. The study is based upon the data drawn from various studies conducted by CSK HPKV in different parts of Himachal Pradesh. It is well known fact that the state is gifted with varied agro-climatic conditions varying from sub-tropical to temperate opening a myriad of opportunities for growing a variety of field crops, fruits, plantation crops, livestock breeds and many other ancillary activities. There are some potential pockets in the state where progressive farm diversification has already taken place leading to tremendous economic progress and transformation. Besides a number of potential farming systems and enterprises exist that can be taken up to diversify farming and enhance the income and employment especially of marginal and small farmers. Despite the availability of potential systems and enterprises, agriculture in large parts of the state faces the problems of deceleration in yields of practically all crops, depletion and degradation of natural resource base and noticeable climatic change having far reaching implications for food security and livelihoods of masses. The study suggests alternative demand driven niche based diversification towards high value cash crops and enterprises and portrays a viable solution to stabilize and raise farmers' incomes, augment employment opportunities, conserve and enhance natural resources in the ultimate pursuit of achieving higher income and enhance quality of life of farmers. The paper highlights these options through use of technology to increase the productivity of crops in a sustainable way, giving due emphasis to high value and hi-tech enterprises, organic/natural farming and ancillary enterprises, etc.


The use of intramuscular suxamethonium chloride was described by MacDonald and Bryce-Smith1 and it was suggested that this route of administration is a satisfactory means ofproducing muscular relaxation both for laryngeal intubation and surgery. Since then intramuscular suxamethonium has been widely used as a valuable adjunct in general anasthesia in patients of all ages*. As a general rule the patient is premedicated and then anasthetised either by an intravenous barbiturate or by an inhalation anasthetic agent and only after consciousness is lost is the intramuscular relaxant administered. Nevertheless for very poor risk patients and in the presence of generalised convulsions it has been found valuable to give the intramuscular suxamethonium and to intubate before anmthetising the patient. In completely unco-operative struggling children intramuscular suxamethonium brings the patient under control and an anasthetic mask can be applied in about one minute without the need for active restraint. It has not been possible to find in the literature any subjective account of the effect of intramuscular suxamethonium and intubation in the conscious patient. It is generally held that suxamethonium does not penetrate the blood brain barrier and can, therefore, have no effect on the central nervous system3, but there are clinical reports which may suggest the opposite1 4. Therefore, it was felt that the experiences of a trained medical observer under the influence of intramuscular suxamethonium, but unanasthetised, would be of value and one of us (z.E.) acted as a subject of the experiment to be described.


Background: Little is known about spontaneous growth of growth hormone (GH)-deficient children during infancy and childhood. Methods: Retrospectively, we calculated disease-specific pretreatment percentiles for height, weight, BMI and growth velocity of 113 GH-deficient boys and 41 GH-deficient girls from birth until 7 years of age, by mean and standard deviation. Results: Infants with idiopathic GH deficiency (GHD) grow in disease-specific percentile channels. There is a significant difference in length and weight from birth onward compared to regional reference (p < 0.001). Boys' birth length was 48.7 ± 2.9 cm (p < 0.001; –1.31 ± 1.11 SDS), birth weight was 3.09 ± 0.61 kg (p < 0.01; –0.92 ± 1.19 SDS), and BMI at birth was 12.9 ± 1.7. Girls' birth length was 48.1 ± 3.4 cm (p < 0.05; –1.17 ± 1.51 SDS), birth weight was 2.92 ± 0.60 kg (p = 0.05; –1.08 ± 1.19 SDS), and BMI at birth was 12.6 ± 2.2. There was a continuous loss of growth velocity, despite a wide variance in the first years, so height deficit became more evident with increasing age. Conclusion: GHD is a congenital disease no matter when height deficit becomes clinically evident, because GH-deficient children grow in disease-specific percentile channels with a highly significantly reduced length and weight, which demonstrates that GH is essential for adequate growth in infancy and early childhood.


Ragas are the basics of musical composition and improvisation in Indian classical music. Exploring the concept of ragas, this book analyses the notation, musical structure and tradition of all the 200 ragas.


Mathematical models for the in-situ surfactant flushing of hydrophobic organic compounds from soil and aquifers and for the flushing of samples in laboratory columns are described, and numerical results obtained with the models are presented.


1. The Call for the Book 2. Defining Interest Groups, Exploring Policy Theory 3. Institutional Transition Pluralism 4. Interest Group Strategy: Cataloguing Transition Tactics 5. The Obama Transition: Modeling Activity with Survey Research on Interest Group Strategy 6. Linking Strategy to Outcomes 7. Advising the New President: Content Analysis of Issue Framing and Advice 8. Assesment, Evaluation, and Future Research


The dependence of te superfluid density rho/sub s/ on velocity v/sub n/ approx. = 0) has been measured for the first time by observing the shift with amplitude of the resonant frequency of a superfluid Helmholtz resonator. The results agree with experimental and calibration error with the theoretical prediction of Khalatnikov.


Among the hypotheses advanced to explain sex differences in math problem solving is the assertion that males are assisted by male-familiar item content and females by female-familiar item content. A 15-item test with parallel forms was constructed. Each form contained 5 male-familiar items, 5 female-familiar items, and 5 neutrally worded items. Male-familiar items on Form A were rephrased to construct the female-familiar items of Form B. Similarly, the female-familiar items of Form A were reconstructed as the male-familiar items of Form B. Neutral items were identically worded on the two forms. Thus, the items were equal with respect to the operations needed to solve them as well as the complexity of units and numerical relationships within them. Males outperformed females in all item conditions. The differences in observed summation scores were statistically significant between the two groups. Gender-familiar wording was unrelated to the outcome. The hypothesis that biased item wording contributes to gender differences in math problem solving was not supported.


The results of the research of rhizomatous, bulbaceous and bulbotuberiferous geophytes morphogenesis of the Hemerocallidaceae, Hostaceae, Liliaceae, Iridaceae, Hyacinthaceae, Melanthiaceae families are given in the article. Biomorphs and the type of shoot growth of 18 species in the introduction conditions were determined. Peculiarities of organogenesis and small life cycles of shoots with different development rhythms were analyzed.


Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a genetic disorder in which tumors develop due to TSC1/TSC2 loss and activation of mTORC1. Zarei et al. show that TSC tumors are sensitive to CDK7 inhibition, which reduces expression of NRF2 and glutathione synthetic genes, leading to glutathione depletion and ROS-mediated cell death.


We describe a novel method of operation of the HEB direct detector for use with a Fourier Transform Spectrometer. Instead of elevating the bath temperature, we have measured the RF response of waveguide HEB mixers by applying microwave radiation to select appropriate bias conditions. In our experiment, a microwave signal is injected into the HEB mixer via its IF port. By choosing an appropriate injection level, the device can be operated close to the desired operating point. Furthermore, we have shown that both thermal biasing and microwave injection can reproduce the same spectral response of the HEB mixer. However, with the use of microwave injection, there is no need to wait for the mixer to reach thermal equilibrium, so characterisation can be done in less time. Also, the liquid helium consumption for our wet cryostat is also reduced. We have demonstrated that the signalto-noise ratio of the FTS measurements can be improved with microwave injection.


General comment Reviewer: In this work, Lim and colleagues reported the spatial and seasonal dynamics of C export and emissions from the Ket River mainstem and major tributaries by combining continuous in-situ measurements and discrete sampling. Although high latitude regions are an important component of the global carbon cycle due to their large carbon stocks, carbon emissions and export from permafrost-affected regions, especially those in Russia, are poorly studied due to logical constraints and inaccessibility. In view of the changing climate and thawing permafrost, this study is timely important in quantitatively assessing the spatial and seasonal patterns of dissolved carbon export and emissions in this permafrost-affected river basin and thus provides important insights into future riverine carbon cycling. This research work fits well with the scope of the journal Biogeosciences. But there are several major issues to be properly addressed during the revision stage. Response: We are grateful to generally positive evaluation of our work and greatly revised the manuscript following the reviewer's comments.


Background: Biopsy is an important diagnostic tool for the diagnosis of lesions ranging from simple periapical lesions to malignancies. In most of the routine cases, though the diagnosis is clear it is always advised to take a biopsy and confirm the diagnosis to rule out the possibility of misdiagnosis in the best interest of the patient and more importantly, plan the treatment appropriately. Following such a strict protocol may not only help in proper diagnosis and treatment planning but patient may also be informed about the prognosis following treatment and the possibility of recurrences. Though we strongly believe and recommend that all lesions must be biopsied and sent for histopathological evaluation, we have limited ourselves to periapical pathology as they are more common. We report 2 cases of seemingly less serious periapical pathology which were diagnosed histopathologically as a more serious disease process. These cases emphasize the need to submit all supposedly clinically insignificant lesions by clinician so as to confirm and rule out a disease of more serious nature..


THE Association for Veterinary Teaching and Research Work (AVTRW) is hosting its 68th annual conference this year. Following the tradition of the past few years, this will be a joint meeting with the British Society of Animal Science (BSAS) and the World Poultry Science Association (WPSA). The joint meeting covers all aspects of animal and veterinary …


PURPOSE: A method for dynamically constituting members of a community and a recording medium for the method are provided to constitute a member corresponding to a role dynamically in community generation, thereby removing a need of modifying the community during addition of a new member device and removal of an existing member device. CONSTITUTION: Each member is registered as a society member to participate in a society(S210). A community is generated(S220). The member is recognized(S230). A member suitable for corresponding members is selected(S240). The selected member is cast as the community member(S250).


Microplastics are global threat for marine environment, which originated from anthropogenic activities. Although human-induced effects on microplastics are well known, a holistic assessment has not been made. Here, we present the Microplastic Pollution Index (MPI); a fast, convenient, inexpensive and semi-quantitative tool for assessing land- and sea-based pressures on the sampling area. In this preliminary study, MPI were determined for eight different locations in Marmara Sea. According to the MPI results, The Marmara Sea is under the effect of several pressures such as urban and industrial wastewater, marine traffic, agricultural and residential activities on land. Furthermore, coastline morphology affects the retention time of water at the coastal zone. The highest MPI values were obtained from the Izmit and Bandırma Gulfs, whereas the lowest value was found at inflow of the Dardanelle Strait. MPI values and surface water abundance values for each station showed a linear relation (R 2 =0.60; F=7.619; DF=1, Ρ<0.05). No correlation was found between MPI and microplastic abundance in water column and sediment. MPI is providing extensive information on microplastic pollution. The index can be useful to generate an effective monitoring strategy combating, restoring and protecting the coastal waters against the microplastic pollution.


The 5 International Day of Medical Physics (IDMP) on November 7, 2017, featured six women physicists, including Marie Skłodowska Curie, who pioneered the study of radioactivity. It was held in conjunction with her 150th birthday anniversary. The other five were Chien-Shiung Wu, Rosalyn Yalow, Maria Mayer, Harriet Brooks and Marie Curie's daughter, Irène Joliot-Curie. All of them had dedicated their lives to study physics, despite living in a time when the role of women were rarely recognized in higherlearning institutions, and poverty and conflicts were rife. They left a huge legacy of knowledge to many generations of scientists. Wu's discoveries had paved the way for other researchers to win the Nobel Prize. She was known for her research in beta decay and, through the 'Wu Experiment' in 1956, had discovered a contradiction in the law of parity conservation. Yalow won the Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine in 1977 for developing the radioimmunoassay technique. Mayer won the Prize in Physics (1963) for discovering the nuclear shell structure. Brooks, who studied under Ernest Rutherford (the father of nuclear physics), was credited with discovering the concept of atomic recoil. And Joliot-Curie won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry (1935) with her husband for their discovery of artificial radioactivity. In this article, we briefly describe the lives and achievements of each woman. Their fascinating stories serve as an inspiration for hardworking scientists, especially women, who have to rise against the odds. Keywords— women, nuclear physics, physicists, history, Nobel


Objective To study the preventive effect of different doses of matrine (MT) on rat hepatoma induced by diethylnitrosamine (DEN).Metho ds Rats with hepatoma induced by 0.01% DEN for 90 days, were administer ed with MT 30,15, 3 mg/kg ip and 3 mg/kg po at the same time. When 120 days have passed, the rats were killed and changes of hepatoma nodules, body weight, live r weight, ratio of liver/body weight were recorded and the alanine aminotranster ase (ALT), γ-glutamyl transferase (γ-GT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in s erum and the pathological changes of the livers were observed. Results In the two groups of 3 mg/kg MT ip and po, the body weights were larger than that in the model group; the hepatoma nodules, the ratios of liver/body wei ght and serum ALT, γ-GT were lower than those in the model group and groups of 30, 15 mg/kg MT ip ( P 0 05). But the serum ALP of MT ip groups were highe r than that of the model group ( P 0 05),it was lower in the MT po group. Conclusion 3 mg/kg MT ip or po can protect liver cells form dam age induced by DEN and the development of hepatoma may be delayed. No matter wha t different doses and ways of MT are used. MT can not inhibit the production of hepatoma completely.


The empirical analysis of emotional literacy at students of the Yelabuga institute of the K(V)FU, future teachers of technology is carried out. The necessity of this study is due to the adoption of the new professional standards of the teacher, in which special attention is paid to psychological and pedagogical training of teachers of the new generation. To date, knowledge-competence of the teacher giving way attitudinal competencies, which are based on emotional literacy participants in the educational process. In order to test of level of formation of emotional literacy of the students used the method of J. Guilford "Social Intelligence". The sample consisted of 53 students. The study revealed that half of the respondents have a low social intelligence. This indicates insufficient development of emotional literacy in general. Students are best developed (first) the ability to recognize speech expression, in second place the ability to anticipate future actions of people based on the analysis of real situations of communication, the third the ability to understand non-verbal manifestations, and the least developed (in fourth place), the ability to analyze complex situations of human interaction.


System selects temperature sensor DS18B20 and humidity sensor HS1101 to compose sensor groups after analyzing avian hatching requirement, which realizes temperature and humidity automatic monitor and control through 1-wire bus technology. Sensor groups complete field hatching temperature/ humidity monitor and transmit analog signal into digital signal, single chip microprocessor (SCM) AT89C51 as core controller processes it, drives actuators to realize temperature, humidity and turning-over-eggs control. Experiments show that SCM can realize temperature control between 35square and 40square, and control precision is less than plusmn0.3square; humidity measurement range between 0 and 100RH%, and control precision is less than plusmn3RH%, as well as effectively completes automatic turning-over-eggs. Experimentspsila results reveal that system performs well as expected. This paper mainly introduces structure of field hatching monitor and control equipment and parts of hardware/software design in detail. This system can be applied to other areas circumstance monitor, such as intelligent building, etc.


The utility model provides a reverse-current resistant and zero-power-consumption adjuster to solve the problem of reverse currents in electricity output circuits of prior solar batteries or solar battery packs, and relates to the technical field of photovoltaic systems. The adjuster comprises a solar battery and an electricity output circuit connected with the solar battery. A driver bi-directionally connected with a controller is connected in series on the electricity output circuit, a signal input end of the controller is connected onto the electricity output circuit through an acquisition circuit, and a signal output end of the controller is connected with an isolation disconnecting link controlling the connection and disconnection of the electricity output circuit. The reverse-current resistant and zero-power-consumption adjuster is reasonable in design, applicable to a photovoltaic system and capable of blocking reverse currents generated in a prior solar battery electricity output circuit rapidly. Compared with the prior art, the controller is connected onto the electricity output circuit, the current direction of the electricity output circuit can be monitored in real time, and reverse currents can be blocked through the driver timely, accordingly, the energy consumption brought by reverse currents is prevented, and remote control can further be achieved.


We make the translations of our partitions from [3] in the context of all countable subsets of a fixed uncountable set. A different translation was obtained recently by Velleman [4]. The purpose of this paper is to define a two-cardinal version of one of our partitions from [3]. Theorem. For every uncountable set A there is a c :[[A]f0]]2 -* A such that, for every cofinal U C [AfQ' and a in A, there exist x c y in U such that c(x, y) = a. The proof will use straightforward generalization of one of the partitions from [3]. We shall assume that A is equal to some initial ordinal 0, and we shall fix an r: [0]8--+ {O, 1}w such that rx $ ry for x c y. [Identifying w1 with a subset of {O, 1}t, let rx (including finite x) be the standard code of (tp x, qx), where qx is defined recursively on sup x as follows assuming that, for each ordinal a of cofinality co, we have a fixed increasing sequence {ai} converging to a: If x has a maximal element 4 set qx(0) = 1 and qx(i + 1) = ry(i), where y = x nf . If a = sup x is a limit ordinal, let qx(O) = 0 and qx(2'(2j + 1)) = rx (j), where xi =x n ai.] Moreover, we shall fix a one-to-one ex : x -c o for each x in [0*"0 . For an integer n and x in [0]Ro, we set x(n) = 4E x: ex(4) < n}. For x c y in [Qfo0, let A(X , Y) = /\(rx, ry), i.e., the minimal place where the reals rx and ry disagree. Finally, for x c y in [6]fO and an ordinal A < 0, we set cA(x, y) = min(y(A(x, y)) \ sup(x n A)), Received by the editors October 10, 1989 and, in revised form, February 9, 1990. 1980 Mathematics Subject Classification (1985 Revision). Primary 03E05, 04A20. Research at MSRI supported in part by NSF Grant DMS-8505550. i) 1991 American Mathematical Society 0002-9939/91 $1.00 + $.25 per page


. This study aims to: (1) To develop an Online Lecture Learning Plan that meets the requirements (valid) as interactive learning in Low Class Indonesian Language and Literature Education Lectures. (2) Describe student responses to the use of Online Lecture Learning Planning Development in the Low Grade Indonesian Language and Literature Education Course. The research method uses research and development (R&D) methods from R&D research methods, by developing 10 steps of Borg and Gall development. The location of the research was carried out at the location where the research was carried out in the PGSD FIP Unimed study program which was located on Jl. Willem Iskandar / Pasar V, Medan, North Sumatra. The population of this study was all students of PGSD Unimed Stambuk 2020 totaling 225 students consisting of 11 (A-K) regular and extension classes. The sample of this study was randomly assigned to classes and one class was selected, namely the J Regular 2020 class, which consists of 30 students. The results showed that: the quality of the online lecture learning planning validity met the valid criteria based on the average score of 85.3% of the maximum score of 100% with very feasible criteria. The learning tools developed have met the effectiveness criteria by: a) classical learning completeness has exceeded the minimum limit, namely in the second trial of 88%. b) The quality of the learning tools meets the good criteria based on the average score of 95% student response questionnaires from a maximum of 100%. c) students^ thinking skills have increased, namely the average value in the first trial of 41.3%, an increase of 46.7% to 88% in the second trial and the number of students who completed the first trial 13.4% an increase of 86 , 6% to 100% in trial II. It is concluded that the Development of Online Lecture Learning Planning meets the requirements (valid) as interactive learning in the Low Class Indonesian Language and Literature Education Lecture. Developing an integrated learning design and authentic assessment of Indonesian language and literature learning in the lower grades of elementary school; and (3) Simulating the integrated learning of Indonesian language and literature in the lower elementary grades. Thus, through this course, students not only understand the concepts and theories of listening, speaking, reading, writing, and appreciation of literature in lower elementary grades, but can design learning and simulate it in the form of direct peer teaching learning with peers.


Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder that causes loss of cognitive function and cognitive decline in individuals. Detection of the disease at an early stage is important to slow down the devastating effects of the disease. The use of an autonomous computerized support system that can assist specialist physicians in the diagnostic process saves time and helps reduce human error. For this reason, a high-accuracy classification study was aimed at utilizing different machine learning algorithms for early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. Within the scope of this study, an open source data set created with Electroencephalogram (EEG) signals from 24 healthy and 24 Alzheimer's patient volunteers was used. 28 features, including spectral and statistical features, were extracted from each channel of the EEG signals. The extracted features were evaluated to the feature importance algorithm and the five most significant features that could distinguish between Alzheimer's individuals and healthy individuals were determined. Four machine learning algorithms are trained with the determined features. 70% of the data was used for training and the algorithms were trained with a 10-fold cross-validation method. When the four machine learning algorithms were tested with the data reserved for testing, which the algorithms had not seen before, the highest accuracy was obtained with the Gradient Boosting Classifier (GBC) algorithm with 96.43%.


Beyond the critical point of 373.946 o C and 22.064 MPa, water presents in supercritical state with high density and low viscosity, which is beneficial for geothermal resource development and utilization. According to Cladouhos et al (2018), at a 60 kg/s mass injection rate the energy production of supercritical water at 400 o C is almost 10 times larger than that at 200 o C. Supercritical geothermal development is getting more attention recently. However, higher temperature could result in more serious water-rock reactions, affecting the permeability and heat extracting behavior. There is little analysis on super-critical geothermal development, especially on geochemical reaction aspect. In this work, we develop a multi-phase flow and reactive transport simulation code for supercritical geothermal systems, based on the existing structure of TOUGH2 and TOUGHREACT. IAPWS-IF97 ( International Association for the Properties of Water and Steam, 2007 ) is used for calculations of water thermodynamic properties. It can cover the T-P range up to 800 o C and 100 MPa, and the temperature limit can even extend to 2000 o C if pressure lower than 50 MPa. For the reactive transport modeling, the largest challenging is the lack of equilibrium constants at high temperature (>300 o C) for minerals and aqueous species. In this work, SOLTHERM-2011.XPT is introduced, which is developed by Mark Reed and Jim Palandri. It provides the equilibrium constants for minerals and aqueous species under the condition of the density of water larger than 350 kg/m 3 . The Icelandic Deep Drilling Project (IDDP-2) is taken as an example to illustrate flow and reactive processes and the heat extraction performance for cold water injection into a supercritical geothermal system


Two effects are commonly observed upon stimulating the central end of a cut sensory nerve; (1) reflex pressor or vasoconstriction, (2) reflex depressor or vasodilation. Hitherto, considerable attention has been paid by investigators to the effect that different strengths of stimuli have upon the vasomotor center but few noted the effect that different rates of stimuli have upon this same mechanism. Since it is possible to produce two effects, opposite in character upon stimulating the same sensory nerve, experimenters proceeded to find methods by which they could isolate the one or the other response. Latschenberger and Deahna (1) in 1816 were the first to obtain a fall in arterial pressure upon stimulating the central end of a cut sensory nerve other than the depressor from the aorta and heart. From their results, they attributed this fall in blood pressure to the' use of weak stimuli and to certain changes in the vasomotor center itself. A fall in blood pressure was also recorded by Knoll (2) in 1885 upon stimulating sensory nerves. The results of his experiments led him to believe that a depressor response was usually the result of a weak stimulus whereas the pressor response followed, as a rule, a stronger stimulus. Upon stimulating muscles mechanically, by massage, Kleen (3) remarked a fall in general blood pressure. Howell, Budgett and Leonard (4) were able to obtain reflex vasodilafor and reflex vasoconstrictor responses from the same nerve trunk by cooling the nerve to OOC. central to the point of stimulation. A fall in pressure was always the result of this procedure. This method, along with others, was also employed by Hunt (5). He obtained, upon stimulation, depressor responses from all sensory nerves tested,


The 40110 work face is a fully mechanized sub-level caving face of the hard thick coal seam in Dafosi Coal Mine,the section of belt head chamber more larger,the secondary complete tunneling was used in past,its construction is difficult greatly and the cost more higher.In order to ensure the safety of excavation construction,support strength,quality requirements and equipment installation,according to the equipment size of belt head chamber and the safety clearance requirements,the simultaneous drifting technology was used.The paper introduce its supporting design and the construction methods and processes,and its supporting effect is analyzed,this paper has sufficiently affirmed the feasibility and rationality of simultaneous drifting technology.


This five-year science plan outlines short-term and long-term goals for improving three-dimensional seismic velocity models in the greater San Francisco Bay region as well as how to foster a community effort in reaching those goals. The short-term goals focus on improving the current U.S. Geological Survey San Francisco Bay region geologic and seismic velocity model using existing data. The long-term goals focus on acquiring new data and leveraging better analytic tools to improve the model and characterize the uncertainty. The plan describes opportunities for contributions by members of the community to develop these seismic velocity models, provides current and potential users with general information on where efforts will likely be focused to improve these models and how new versions of the models will be released, and outlines funding needs and obstacles for improving and maintaining such models. Several aspects of this plan, including how to foster a community effort, are independent of the geographic region and apply to other similar efforts. on Objective : Develop a five-year plan for leveraging community resources to systematically and continually improve one or more 3D seismic velocity models for the San Francisco Bay Area and surrounding region for use in seismic hazard assessment.


We will introduce an integrated system of visible light communications (VLC) and ranging using high-speed stereo imaging. The system simultaneously decodes VLC signal while its source tracking portion outputs range information.


Abstract Many items of medical, aeronautical, electronic and military equipment are exposed to corrosive conditions, and it is a common practice to protect these in laser beam welded titanium-alloy micro-packages, which require very small and precise weld zones. A range of laser types has been applied to this task, including Nd:YAG, diode and (more recently) fibre lasers. Compared with other laser beam welding (LBW) processes, fibre lasers are widely recognised to result in lower overall heat input, a narrower weld zone, less distortion and high process efficiency. This paper contrasts the mechanical and metallurgical properties of laser welded titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V) in the form of thin (0·7 mm) sheet, typical of that used in micro-packages. Welds were produced with three different laser types, namely, Nd:YAG, diode and fibre lasers. Despite the widely accepted advantages of fibre laser processing, weld quality following processing with a Nd:YAG laser was found to be higher than that of welds produced with either the fibre laser or diode laser; welds processed with the fibre laser exhibited serious porosity defects because of excessive laser-workpiece traverse speeds, nor large spot diameter and poor beam quality characteristic of diode lasers.


Stress is defined as a physical, mental or emotional response to events that causes bodily or mental tension. Every organ in the human body is affected by various types of diseases like infection caused by microbes, immunological, metabolic, endocrinal disturbances etc., Etiopathogenesis of many diseases are discovered and managed at any early stage, still some diseases are considered as idiopathic, hence diagnosis and treatment plan of such diseases always becomes controversial. Stress is one such etiology or predisposing factor in many diseases. Many authors have proved stress in relation to hypertension, gastric ulcer and diabetes mellitus. Similarly this research study aims in identifying and proving the role of stress as one of the etiological factor in few oral lesions such as Oral lichen planus, Apthous ulcers, Burning mouth syndrome and Myofacial pain Dysfunction syndrome.


This Note considers whether the U.S. Supreme Court should expand its commandeering doctrine to invalidate conditional preemption programs. It does so through the lens of section 216 of the Energy Policy Act of 2005, focusing on both formalist and functionalist accounts of the line between conditional preemption and commandeering. The Court's formal bar on commandeering permits conditional preemption even though some conditional preemption schemes, such as section 216, threaten the very values that the Court uses to justify the bar on commandeering. Seizing on this point, some judges and several scholars have cal/,ed for a functionalist assessment of the line between conditional preemption and commandeering. This Note acknow/,edges that analysis of section 216 illustrates viab/,e criticisms of a bright-line distinction between conditional preemption and commandeering. It ultimately, however, defends the distinction. By drawing on the literature on voice and administrative accountability, this Note develops a model of conditional preemption that responds to the Court's normative concerns and offers a rejoinder to functionalist criticisms of conditional preemption.


Single Nucleotide Polymorphism on exon 2 of leptin gene which changes encoding from Arginine to Cysteine could change the function of Leptin as an obese gene which regulated feed intake and energy expenditure. The aims to analyze point mutation based on SNP exon 2 of Leptin gene of Pasundan cattle. This research used 49 DNA of Pasundan cattle from BPPT SP Cijeungjing. Multiplication of DNA was done by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Analyze of SNP on exon 2 Leptin gene based on nucleotide sequence from direct sequencing of PCR product which was alligned with leptin gene sequence from gene bank using Bioedit and MEGA 5.2 program. The results showed nucleotide sequence of exon 2 Leptin gene in Pasundan cattle is different from Leptin gene sequence of Bos indicus and Bos taurus. It was found one synonymous SNP that did not change amino acids Serine encoding on S17S, and two non-synonymous SNP which altered amino acids encoding, i.e R25C and R25H. In Pasundan cattle, the frequency of C allele (42.86%) was higher than A allele (31.64%) and T allele (25.50%). Six genotypes were identified i.e. CC (24.49%), CT (32.65%), CA (4.08%), TT (8.16%) and TA (2.05 %), AA (28.57%).


To obtain reliable PMD statistics from frequency-swept measurements of emulated fibres, criteria are provided to relate the measurement bandwidth to the fibre mean differential group delay and the number of frequency samples.


Background FDG positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) may accurately detect distant metastases during staging of primary breast cancer. However, the evidence is very limited. We retrospectively compared the sensitivity and specificity of PET/CT and conventional imaging (CT, ultrasonography, radiography, and skeletal scintigraphy) for the detection of distant metastases in patients with primary breast cancer. We also retrospectively tested the hypothesis that stage III disease detected by conventional imaging + PET/CT has a better prognosis than that detected by conventional imaging only. Methods To determine sensitivity and specificity, we used a database of 225 patients with primary breast cancer (2000-2009) for which PET/CT data existed. The presence or absence of distant metastases was determined based on histopathologic findings, subsequent imaging findings, or clinical follow-up. To determine prognosis, we studied 935 patients newly diagnosed with stage III breast cancer (2000-2009). In 82 of these patients, stage III disease was detected by conventional imaging + PET/CT. We studied 171 IBC patients newly diagnosed with stage III breast cancer. In 51 of these patients, stage III disease was detected by conventional imaging + PET/CT; we compared their relapse-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) rates with those for 853 patients diagnosed using conventional imaging only. Univariate and multivariate Cox Proportional Hazard regression models were used to assess PEC/CT. Results Among 225 pts with primary breast cancer, the sensitivity and specificity for PET/CT in the detection of distant metastases were 97.4% and 91.2%, respectively; This was significantly higher (p=0.009 and P Conclusion PET/CT had higher sensitivity and specificity than conventional imaging in the detection of distant metastases of breast cancer. Among patients with stage III disease, there was no difference in OS or RFS between patients diagnosed with conventional imaging + PET/CT and patients diagnosed with conventional imaging only. IBC patients staged with conventional imaging + PET/CT had better prognosis than those staged with conventional imaging only. Based on our results, the use of PET/CT as a staging tool to detect metastasis is not justified in stage III non-IBC. Conversely, the use of conventional imaging + PET/CT in patients with IBC appears promising, but needs prospective confirmation. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2010;70(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P5-01-02.


Summary Agrobacterium-mediated barley transformation promises many advantages compared to alternative gene transfer methods, but has so far been established in only a few laboratories. We describe a protocol that facilitates rapid establishment and optimisation of Agrobacterium-mediated transformation for barley by instant monitoring of the transformation success. The synthetic green fluorescent protein (sgfpS65T) reporter gene was introduced in combination with the hpt selectable marker gene into immature embryos of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) by cocultivation with Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain AGLO harboring binary vector pYF133. Using green fluorescent protein (GFP) as a non-destructive visual marker allowed us to identify single-cell recipients of T-DNA at an early stage, track their fate and evaluate factors that affect T-DNA delivery. GFP screening was combined with a low level hygromycin selection. Consequently, transgenic plantlets ready to transfer to soil were obtained within 50 days of explant culture. Southern blot- and progeny segregation analyses revealed a single copy T-DNA insert in more than half of the transgenic barley plants. T-DNA/barley genomic DNA junctions were amplified and sequenced. The right T-DNA ends were highly conserved and clustered around the first 4 nucleotides of the right 25 bp border repeat, while the left T-DNA ends were more variable, located either in the left 25 bp border repeat or within 13 bp from the left repeat. T-DNAs were transferred from Agrobacterium to barley with exclusion of vector sequence suggesting a similar molecular T-DNA transfer mechanism as in dicotyledonous plants.


To the Editor:— We should like to acknowledge your generous reference to our studies in your editorial (193:1049, 1965). May we, however, point out that our discussion of the etiology and pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus appeared in theAmerican Journal of Medicine(38:793, 1965), and not in theAnnals of Internal Medicine. The analysis of statistical and genetical features of manic-depressive psychosis was given in theBritish Journal of Psychiatry(110:808, 1964), and not in theBritish Journal of Psychology. Interested readers might like to consult theQuarterly Review of Biology(40: 252, 1965) for a discussion of the form of somatic mutation that may be involved in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus and other spontaneous disturbed-tolerance autoimmune diseases.


Purpose – The purpose of this article is to discuss the role of transparent leadership in a small family owned hotel, the Wingate Inn, Garden City, New York. The goal is to demonstrate that one can create a more productive, open work place and ultimately more satisfied, loyal guests. The article is written to provide the reader with an every day approach to management from the small business perspective. It is intended to remind the reader that straightforward dealings and common sense can usually provide the best solutions in a constantly changing and challenge filled environment.Design/methodology/approach – The article describes the common sense approach that the author as general manager employs in the development of a transparent workplace. A short series of fundamental management philosophies that find their root in transparency are used to describe his approach to transparent leadership and the resulting benefits. It is further explained through the retelling of an actual situation that developed w...


The purpose of this research is identifying the Relationship between Spirituality in the Workplace and Job Involvement of Employees in the National Oil Products Distribution Company of Kurdistan Region .the current study in terms of method , it is descriptive – correlation and in terms of purpose , it is applied research. The study based on the time of data collection is cross-sectional research, and in term of dimensions of the relationship between variables, it has characteristic of comparative research. Statistical population is include of all Employees in the National Oil Products Distribution Company of Kurdistan Region that they are 310 people, and according to Cochran formula 170 people as sample size was selected. The sampling method will be the method of simple random sampling. The results showed that there is significant and positive Relationship between Spirituality in the Workplace and Job Involvement of Employees in the National Oil Products Distribution Company of Kurdistan Region. And the results showed that significant has the most relationship and correlation obtained least relationship.


From the standpoint of theoretical research,quality was dissected and discussed deeply through describing its philosophical definition,the concept of quality identification,the concept of quality assessments,and the concept of commodity qualities roundly.These dissections and discussions have important directive to help us to understand and grasp the essence,the features and the rules of quality.They also have important directive to critically absorb the goodness of the overseas modern quality management,create quality activities with Chinese characteristics,and concretely improve our national quality situation according to the human and culture environment in our country and the social reality.


Abstract Novel regioselective methods have been developed for the mono‐ and difunctionalization of alkyl groups containing 1‐phenylpyrroles using different organometallic reagents. Tailoring the reagents and conditions allowed us to prepare several new mono‐ and rotationally restricted dicarboxylic acid derivatives of 1‐(alkylphenyl)pyrroles in good yields.


The paper deals with the possibility of a diminution in the fuel oil consumption by means of a ships's reduction gears geometry optimization. A computer programme has been developed in order to calculate the gear's optimal addendum modification factors. Such optimized gears will have the least sliding power losses which are dominant in ship's gearing.


Despite Terry Fox's fame and contributions to Canadian history and society, he has rarely been the subject of academic research, and no one thus far has studied how Fox fits into the larger picture of disability awareness in Canada. This qualitative research study is a response to these issues, examining the online archives of newspaper afticles about Fox from the early i980s as viewed through the lenses of the Charity, Medical, and Social, Models of Disability, and traditional stereotypes of persons with disabilities in the media. This research also examines social capital as an influence in newspaper articles, in addition to viewing the articles as narratives. Findings from this study suggest that the majority of newspaper journalists viewed Fox through the lenses of the Charity and Medical Models of Disability, as a dying cancer patient attempting to raise funds for a cure-not as a disabled Canadian. This research also shows that Fox was portrayed by journalists in several traditionally stereotyped ways, but also in one new way: as a folk hero. As well, this research reveals that Fox's narrative was the most detailed in the articles and photographs that appeared at the onset of his terminal illness and until his death. Finally, this research demonstrates that social capital played a strong role in Fox's fame, in his ability to secure donations, and in the way his story was immortalized after


The aim of this study was to investigate the cytoprotective effect of ethanol extract of Eichhornia crassipes flowersand its fractions against hydrogen peroxide induced oxidative stress in BRL 3A liver cells. Powdered flowers of Eichhornia crassipeswere subjected to hot continuous extraction in soxhlet extractor using ethanol as solvent material. Initially, the solvent extracts were subjected to qualitative, quantitative analysis and assessed for in-vitro free radical scavenging activity and anti-oxidant activity. The ethanol extract was fractionated using benzene, chloroform and n-butanol. The crude ethanol extract and its fractions were evaluated for its potential cytoprotective effect against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) induced oxidative stress in BRL 3A cell lines.Biochemical assays were carried out to determine the cytoprotective activity, including cell viability, lipid peroxidation by determining the formation of malondialdehyde, lactate dehydrogenase leakage into culture medium, the catalase activity and the content of reduced glutathione (GSH) in the cells. Exposure of BRL 3A to 2mM H2O2 reduced the cell viability, increased the malondialdehyde (MDA) level, increased the leakage of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and caused reduction in antioxidant activities. Pretreatment of cultured cells with crude ethanol extract of Eichhornia crassipes flowers and different solvent fractions at concentrations 0.01, 0.1, 1, 10, 100 μg/ml for 30 minutes before H2O2 exposure attenuated the oxidative injury in dose-dependent manner. It was observed that crude ethanol extract of Eichhornia crassipes flowers exhibited a strong cytoprotective by increasing cell viability, decreasing lipid peroxidation and LDH leakage. Further increase in catalase and reduced glutathione activity was noted in the cells pre-treated with ethanol extract of Eichhornia crassipes flowers. These findings suggest that ethanol extract of Eichhornia crassipes flowers has a strong cytoprotective activity against oxidative injury caused by reactive oxygen species.


Winner of the Award of Merit at indieFEST Film Awards and Best Political Documentary at Atlanta Docufest, The Unamerican Struggle documentary is the first examination of the rise in hate crimes and bigoted rhetoric since the election of Donald J. Trump.


In this study, the effective thermal conductivity and elastic modulus of heat-resistant coating materials are analyzed by using micromechanical computational models. Three-dimensional computational models for HfC-coated carbon/carbon composites were created with Simpleware, and finite element analysis was performed. The porosity and thickness changes in the coating layer were taken into account to identify the tendency of effective material properties. In addition, the coupon specimen was produced to compare the thermal conductivity measured by experiments with the one obtained by finite element analysis according to temperature changes, and the analysis results were close to the measured values. This confirms that micromechanical computational analysis is appropriate in the calculation of effective material properties of coating composites.


This article is dedicated to the victims of Dr. Lawrence Nassar, let this serve to prevent other incidents of sexual misconduct. The article evaluates the legal standards and consequences for the United States Olympic Committee and USA Gymnastics based upon the lackadaisical approach they took when investigating claims of Nassar's sexual misconduct during the duration of his employment as the doctor for female athletes. There are also recommendations as to how to prevent atrocities like this from happening again.


The hydraulic roughness of 200-mm, 250-mm, and 300-mm corrugated plastic drainage pipe was measured. The Darcy-Weisbach friction factor and the Manning roughness factor respectively are, as follows: 200 = 0.082 and 0.019; 250 mm = 0.068 and 0.018; and 300 mm = 0.095 and 0.022. A graph for pipe diameter selection for a choice of slopes is included.


A method for determining a flow encoding for a flow measurement and to a process for flow measurement by means of a magnetic resonance system (15) and a corresponding magnetic resonance system (15) will be described. Here, a Vorflussmessung with several different flow encodings within a layer within a body to be examined (O) is carried out to determine the optimal flow encoding, wherein flow velocities at a rate dependent on the particular coding sensitivity can be detected with any of these encodings. The results of this Vorflussmessung a velocity spectrum is created by means of a Fourier transform. On the basis of this spectrum, the optimum flow encoding is then determined for the flow measurement. The procedure for flow measurement comprising the steps of: · Determining angiography measurement data of a volume (25) within a body to be examined (O), · Determining a vessel (2) in response to a user input by means of the angiography data, · Automatically determining dimensions and an orientation of the vessel (2) by means dre angiography measurement data, · Automatically determining a layer (4) for the flow measurement depends on the dimensions and orientation, · Automatically determining the optimum flow encoding by the above-described method, and · Performing the flow measurement in the layer (4) with the determined optimal flow encoding.


One or two aberrant hepatic arteries were found in 30% of human fetal livers. The liver received a triple or double arterial supply. The aberrant artery arises from the left gastric or superior mesenteric arteries and supplies an entire lobe or more without joining the branches of the usual hepatic artery in 38.5%. The artery has an important significance for the arterial supply of the fetal liver.


The influence of academic activity on the exposure of ethic meaningfulness of university in transformations of public moral is analyzed. Special attention is paid to the analysis of moral status of a high school lecturer as a medium of the ethical values of academic education.


Marine Ornithology 42: 1–2 (2014) It is uncommon for marine invertebrates to prey on seabirds, with octopi being the exception (e.g. Sazima & Bastos de Almeida 2008, CBC News 2013). We report here a Giant Green Anemone Anthopleura xanthogrammica consuming a nestling cormorant Phalacrocorax sp., observed in the rocky intertidal zone at the base of Haystack Rock in Cannon Beach, Oregon, on 24 July 2013 (Fig. 1), as well as less detailed observations involving gull Larus spp. nestlings (see below). Pelagic P. pelagicus and Brandt's P. penicillatus cormorants nest in small numbers on this rock and other sea stacks in the immediate vicinity. The Giant Green Anemone is a widely distributed and common intertidal invertebrate in this area. Its typical prey includes small fish, crustaceans and detached mussels, which are stung and immobilized using nematocysts in the tentacles and then consumed (Dayton 1973).


The prime numbers are often called the building blocks of number theory, a classic case of a 'sine qua non'. If the corpus of the theory of numbers is looked upon as an architectural pile then the primes will be found amongst its foundations, and amongst its walls and buttresses, and indeed amongst the array of pinnacles and turrets which burst forth from it and stand proud, alone and magnificent. One such pinnacle had been discussed and planned for a hundred years before it was finally constructed in 1896 by two men working totally independently of each other (collapse of stout analogy). With this achievement, the prime numbers, those familiar yet raw beasts of mathematics, in one sense had been tamed. The long journey, which had begun with the tentative definitions of the ancient Greeks, was completed.


The DNA segments containing the ADRI gene and a mutant allele, ADRI-Sc, have been isolated by complementation of function in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The ADRI gene is required for synthesis of the glucose-repressible alcohol dehydrogenase (ADHII) when S. cerevisiae cells are grown on a nonfermentable carbon source, whereas the ADRI-Sc allele allows ADHII synthesis even during glucose repression. A plasmid pool consisting of yeast DNA fragments isolated from a strain carrying the ADRI-5c allele was used to transform a strain containing the adrl-1 allele, which prevents ADHII derepression. Transformants were isolated which expressed ADHII during glucose repression. A plasmid isolated from one of these transformants was shown to carry the ADRJ-SC allele by its ability to integrate at the chromosomal adri-) locus. The wild-type ADRI gene was isolated by colony hybridization, using the cloned ADRI-SC gene as a probe. The ADRI-SC and ADRI DNA segments were indistinguishable by restriction site mapping. A partial ADRI phenotype could be conferred by a 1.9-kilobase region, but DNA outside of this region appeared to be necessary for normal activation of ADHII by the ADRI gene. difference in BamHI sites between plasmid YRp7-ADR1.411 the chromosomal restriction pattern was due solely to using a probe that could not detect the additional BamHI fragment at the chromosomal location. Enzyme EcoRI cuts YRp7-ADR1-411 at additional, undetermined sites in the region of the leftmost two BamHI sites. The cleavage sites of the restriction nucleases are designated as follows: B, BamHI; E, EcoRI; H, HindIlI; X, G, U, sequences are as follows:


Classical models of service systems with rational and strategic customers assume queues to be either fully visible or invisible. In practice, however, most queues are only "partially visible" or "opaque", in the sense that customers are not able to discern precise queue length upon arrival. This is because assessing queue length and associated delays require time, attention, and cognitive capacity which are all limited. Service firms may influence this information acquisition process through their choices of physical infrastructure and technology. In this paper, we study rational queueing behavior when customers have limited time and attention. Following the theory of rational inattention, customers optimally select the type and amount of information to acquire and ignore any information that is not worth obtaining, trading off the benefits of information against its costs before deciding to join. We establish the existence and uniqueness of a customer equilibrium and delineate the impact of information costs. We show that although limited attention is advantageous for a firm in a congested system that customers value highly, it can be detrimental for less popular services that customers deem unrewarding. These insights remain valid when the firm optimally selects the price. We also discuss social welfare implications and provide prescriptive insights regarding information provision. Our framework naturally bridges visible and invisible queues, and can be extended to analyze richer customer behavior and complex queue structures, rendering it a valuable tool for service design.


The article analyzes the condition of athletes of Heilongjiang Province in the 10th National Games preparations and game results and part of the Sports School research data. It finds out the constrainable factors to the sustainable development of track and field in Heilongjiang Province, and proposes the developing countermeasures, in order to provide a reference for Heilongjiang Province's athletics sustained and healthy development.


Semiconductor spintronics is one of the most interesting research fields that exploits both charge and spin properties for future photonics and electronic devices. Among many challenges of using sp ...


The purpose of this research was to provide evidence based clarity in terms of possible mechanisms, possible therapeutic protocols and their practical implementation that could pave the way for the urgent operationalisation of community based management of severe acute malnutrition.The research was planned to address Community based management of SAM using potential nutritional courses of therapy/products, studying them on pertinent imperative aspects and generating evidence regarding these regimens and discussing each of their efficacies, costs, adaptabilities and feasibility. This helped the research team in arriving at a sustainable custom made therapeutic approach for the effective and efficient community management of Severe Acute Malnutrition.


Power networks are an important infrastructure that requires close monitoring and recurring assessment during and following a catastrophic event. The drone's unique aerial and unmanned nature has made it an efficient and powerful tool for damage assessment of the power networks. In this article, we propose a drone-routing framework to enable the systematic and automatic assessment of power networks considering wireless charging of the drone during the scanning. This article incorporates the resilience-oriented line priority index to periodically prioritize the power lines based on their specifications and conditions, and by doing so, this improves the efficiency of the assessment. A multiobjective mixed-integer linear programming model is developed to dynamically determine the drone's optimal routing and speed in order to assure that the drone gathers sufficient data while completing the assessment mission in the shortest period of time. Since the proposed optimization algorithm needs to be solved multiple times for different sections of the power network, we propose a set of solution algorithms to reduce the computational burden and allow the proposed algorithm to reach the optimal solution quickly. Simulation results on a power network consisting of 77 nodes and 73 lines illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach in performing network-wide dynamic assessment using a drone.


With a view to contributing to the enhancement of medicinal plants from the Ivorian flora, this work was initiated in order to study the influence of temperature on the phytochemical composition and the antioxidant and anticariogenic activities of Cocos nucifera L. by the study of the envelope of its fruit. For this purpose, maceration, digestion at 50°C and 70°C, and decoction were carried out to provide 4 extracts respectively TA, TB, TC, TD, which were subjected to phytochemical and anticariogenic tests. Phytochemical screening indicated the coexistence of coumarins, flavonoids, steroids, terpenes and tannins. However, this composition varies depending on the type of extraction. Then, the evaluation of the antioxidant activity vis-a-vis DPPH showed good activity of the extracts. The greatest activity was observed with the TC extract (EC50 = 2.56). Finally, the study of the antibacterial potential revealed that the extracts are all bactericidal against the cariogenic strains tested.


Diptera is a megadiverse order, reaching its peak of diversity in Neotropics, although our knowledge of dipteran fauna of this region is grossly deficient. This applies even for the most studied families, as Drosophilidae. Despite its position of evidence, most aspects of the biology of these insects are still poorly understood, especially those linked to natural communities. Field studies on drosophilids are highly biased to fruit-breeders species. Flower-breeding drosophilids, however, are worldwide distributed, especially in tropical regions, although being mostly neglected. The present paper shows results of a biodiversity inventory of flower-breeding drosophilids carried out in several localities in Brazil, based on samples of 125 plant species, from 47 families. Drosophilids were found in flowers of 56 plant species, from 18 families. The fauna discovered showed to be highly unknown, comprising 28 species, 12 of them (>40%) still undescribed. Not taking in account opportunist species, two thirds of the diversity exclusive from flowers were undescribed. The Drosophila bromeliae species group was the most representative taxon, with eight species (six undescribed), including four polyphagous and four Solanum-specialised species. This specialisation on Solanum is reported for the first time for Drosophila. Other taxa of restrict flower-breeding drosophilids were the Drosophila lutzii species group and the genus Zygothrica. Some specimens of the genera Cladochaeta, Rhinoleucophenga and Scaptomyza were found, but their relations to flowers are unclear. Additionally, ten species of ample niche was found using flowers opportunistically. Localities and host plants are recorded for all species collected.


The Architecture Engineering and Construction Industry (AEC) uses Building Information Modelling (BIM) to simplify and enhance sustainability in construction projects. The industry experiences difficulties in achieving project success globally and nationally due to insufficient planning. Technology is required to address this issue by incorporating it into the project planning phase. Therefore, BIM is considered the necessary tool to bridge this gap. This research aims to examine the advantages of implementing BIM during the project planning stage of construction projects. To gather data, a quantitative research approach was employed, and professionals in the South African built environment were surveyed using a questionnaire. The data collected were analysed using descriptive and inferential analysis. Findings from the analysis discovered that the top three measures to improve BIM implementation for project planning in the construction industry are competitive advantage, cost and time savings, and collaboration among AEC professionals. The research concluded that these measures could encourage the adoption of BIM among construction professionals in South Africa.


The study was conducted to reveal the effect of the placing way,temperature and convection condition on drying rate and a-acid loss rate of fresh hop under drying process with orthogonal design.The result showed that the 3 factors had significant effect on drying rate and a-acid loss rate.The suitable conditions for drying hops:hops-tipped upwards were displayed with convection conditions,hot-air drying at-20℃ temperature,by which its a-acid loss rate could be reduced.


In a method for the manufacture of a substrate for elec trical components, a base of metallic material is first sandblasted and thereafter coated by means of a thernal process with a bonding layer of, for example, copper powder. Then the bonding layer is coated with a dielec tric layer of a ceramic material, which also is applied by means of a thermal process, and the ceramic material is thereafter impregnated with silicone oil. Finally, the ceramic layer is provided with an electrical conducting layer, also by means of a thermal process, having a predetermined electrical conducting pattern and the finished substrate is cleaned by blasting it with glass spheres.


Aerobic metabolic rates of embryos and larvae of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) and turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) were measured and used stoichiometrically to balance the substrates, in the form of free amino acids (FAAs), proteins and lipids, that quantitatively disappeared during development. Calculations reveal that cod embryos and larvae predominantly fuel their metabolism with FAAs (73%) through out development; in addition, following closure of the blastopore, lipid is also steadily catabolized (27%). Turbot, however, utilize different substrates at separate stages of development. FAAs are predominantly burned during the embryonic stage, while lipids are burned during the yolk-sac stage. From the time of first-feeding, proteins are recruited from body stores and catabolized. Thus, for turbot, free and protein-bound amino acids together contribute 40% to the energy metabolism, while lipids contribute 60%.


In situ, fiber optic-based Raman spectroscopy provided real time monitoring of enzyme-catalyzed ring-opening homo- and copolymerizations of e-caprolactone (e-CL) and δ-valerolactone (δ-VL). A custom designed reactor equipped with in situ fiber optic probe was used to measure monomer conversion as a function of time. The results from the in situ technique were in good agreement with those determined by offline 1H NMR analysis. Monomer reactivity ratios for the lipase-catalyzed copolymerization of e-CL and δ-VL were estimated using the Kelen-Tudos method as re-CL = 0.38 and rδ-VL = 0.29.


Substantial schedule advantages can be made on projects if cross-passage construction can occur at the same time as tunnel boring machine (TBM) operation with little or no impact on TBM logistics. However, this approach can prove difficult to achieve with many of the more cost-effective means of supporting the segmental lining during cross-passage break-out. This paper discusses the constraints and shortcomings of conventional approaches, and describes how a cost-effective solution involving a shotcrete shell and opening constructed inside the segmental lining was designed and constructed to deliver cost and time savings on Seattle University Link contract U220. The paper explains the spatial and schedule constraints on the TBM tunnelling and cross-passage construction, and how a shotcrete solution was arrived at in preference to traditional approaches. As the solution was novel the design had to be robust, and the paper explains how this was achieved through a combination of 3D finite element modelling and closed form solutions. Following a description of the trials to verify that the structure could be demolished post-cross-passage completion, the paper describes how the shell solution was constructed, used and demolished safely to leave the lining surface in a clean and undamaged state fit for tunnel operation.


This paper presents the results from a study on issues for sociability and usability for legitimate peripheral participation in online communities. Informal learning is considered to occur within the individual in a selforganized way and within the community as consensus knowledge building. A catalogue for usability and sociability evaluation criteria was developed, in order to identify the twofold informal learning as well as consensus knowledge building, to investigate sociability and usability supporting contribution and evaluate the evaluation criteria. Fourteen Greek teachers with a special interest in ICT in Education participated in the study. The findings identified and described mechanisms and strategies for legitimate peripheral participation with contribution as the target as well supported the usability evaluation criteria for online communities.


Polyelectrolyte-based separation of toxic dyes is studied to estimate the potential of polyelectroyte enhanced ultrafiltration (PEUF) using poly(ammonium-acrylate) as anionic polymer. PEUF experiments are conducted to study the retention characteristics of two model dyes (Safranin T (ST) and Eriochrome Blue Black R (EBBR) in the continuous cross flow system. Effects of the operating conditions, e.g., transmembrane pressure, feed polyelectrolyte concentration, feed dye concentration, ionic strength and pH on the permeate flux profile and observed retention have been investigated. The results show that the highest rejection for ST and EBBR dyes are 99% and 90% respectively. The enhancement is primarily due to the formation of complexes between the anionic polymer and dye molecules. The retention of ST decreases with ionic strength. High retention was obtained at pH range 4–10 in the case of ST; this effect was attributed to the increase of electrostatic interaction. The ionic strength and pH have no effect ...


The invention relates to a highly efficient regeneration culture system for baizuoqie, which comprises the following steps: 1, culturing baizuoqie aseptic seedlings; 2, inducing callus tissues; 3, inducing adventitious buds; and 4, inducing adventitious roots, rooting and transplanting the obtained seedlings, so that baizuoqie regeneration plants are obtained. According to the invention, spires are taken as regeneration system explants of eggplants, after calluses are induced on an NAA and ZT containing callus induction medium, germination is induced on an NAA, ZT, 6-BA and AgNO3 containing bud induction medium, and rooting is induced on a 1/2 MS rooting medium so as to obtain rooted plantlets, then the rooted plantlets are domesticated and transplanted by using a conventional method. In the regeneration system established in the invention, the frequency of callus induction can reach 97%, and the germination rate reaches 82%. The system is good in subculture growth, and provides a highly efficient and stable regeneration system for the genetic engineering breeding of eggplants.


Technological advances do not necessarily reflect on the needs of small developing countries, especially those in remote locations, without easy recourse to specialised technical assistance. With a view to becoming more economically viable, small countries are often under pressure to adopt standards of industrialised countries, without question. The technical resources of the developing country are under pressure due to the diversity of demands for development and the difficulty of retaining a strong base of nationals in the country, working under adverse conditions. The role of specifying and purchasing therefore becomes a very important facet, for it affects to a far greater degree than in industrialised countries the ultimate quality and dependence of an electrical distribution system. A conference, such as the one we are now participating in, tends to be a vehicle for the introduction application and assessment of technological advancement, particularly in the high technology areas. Whilst this is of interest to small developing countries its relevance by way of application may be of limited value. This paper outlines some of the difficulties faced and the way in which the development of specifications and suitable procurement procedures play a significant part in the success of project implementation.


In recent years, providing higher education in the form of work-based learning has become more important in the higher education (HE) policy and practice almost in all EU countries. Work-based learning (WBL) in HE should support the development of competences of self-guided learners and adjust the university education better to the needs of the workplace. The study is based on two pilot projects of WBL in HE in Estonia: Tourism and Restaurant Management professional HE programme and the master's programme in Business Information Technology. The model of integrative pedagogy, based on the social-constructivist learning theory, is taken as a theoretical foundation for the study. A qualitative study based on semi-structured interviews with the target groups. The data analysis used a horizontal analysis to find cross-cutting themes and identify patterns of actions and connections. It appears, that the challenge for HE is to create better cooperation among stakeholders; the challenge for workplaces is connected with better involvement of students; the challenge for students is to take more initiative and responsibility in communication with workplaces.


Tuberculous pleurisy(TP)is a clinical common disease.Because of its lack of specific clinical manifestations and changes in radiographic inspection,and the side of pleural effusion and age composition being meaningless to the diagnosis of TP,it is difficult to diagnose TP just based on clinical manifestations and radiographic inspection.At the same time the examination of pathogeny of pleural effusion,including a smear for acid-fast bacilli and culture of Mycobacterium tuberculosis on pleural effusion,is limited in clinical application due to its lower positive rate and protracted proceedings.Presently,scholars at home and abroad are focusing on the research of new indicators with strong specificity and high sensitivity to improve the level of diagnosis of TP.This paper reviews the research progress of laboratory diagnosis on TP in recent years.

Key words:
Tuberculous pleurisy; Laboratory diagnosis; Research progress


Since Homi Bhabha's celebrated idea of :third space," it has become customary among readers of postcolonial literatures to look at exile as an emancipatory experience, one that allows writers to challenge and ultimately subvert conventional boundaries—whether those pertaining to language, religion, politics, gender, or literary genres. In my article, however, I expose the difficulties germane to the condition of exile through the example of Malika Mokeddem's heroine, Sultana, in Forbidden Woman. I argue that Sultana's story of suspension between Algeria and France, origin and destination, Arabic/Berber and French illustrates a deep-seated malaise of contemporary Maghrebian discourse on identity and difference. Given the never-ending suspension between Western and Arab-Islamic narratives of identity, postcolonial cultural transformations in the Maghreb communicate a miserable Hegelianism: miserable because its dialectics seems to lead nowhere, but an Hegelianism all the same.


A mirror driving device can include: a mirror part having a reflection surface configured to reflect light; mirror support parts formed at portions of the mirror part diagonal to each other; and a first actuator and a second actuator placed so as to surround the mirror part, wherein the first actuator and the second actuator each have a structure in which a plurality of first piezoelectric cantilevers with a longitudinal direction oriented to a direction of a first axis and a plurality of second piezoelectric cantilevers with a longitudinal direction oriented to a second axis are coupled together so as to be folded, and each of the first actuator and the second actuator has one end connected to the mirror part via a relevant one of the mirror support parts and another end connected to a fixing part near the mirror support part to which the one end is coupled.


Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) patients with different molecular phenotypes, including microsatellite instability (MSI), CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP), and somatic mutations in BRAF and KRAS gene, vary in treatment response and prognosis. However, molecular phenotyping under adequate quality control in a community-based setting may be difficult. We aimed to build the nomograms based on easily accessible clinicopathological characteristics to predict molecular phenotypes. Methods Three hundred and six patients with pathologically confirmed stage I-IV CRC were included in the cohort. The assays for MSI, CIMP, and mutations in BRAF and KRAS gene were performed using resected tumor samples. The candidate predictors were identified from clinicopathological variables using multivariate Logistic regression analyses to construct the nomograms that could predict each molecular phenotype. Results The incidences of MSI, CIMP, BRAF mutation and KRAS mutation were 25.3% (72/285), 2.5% (7/270), 3.4% (10/293), and 34.8% (96/276) respectively. In the multivariate Logistic analysis, poor differentiation and high neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) were independently associated with MSI; poor differentiation, high NLR and high carcinoembryonic antigen/tumor size ratio (CSR) were independently associated with CIMP; poor differentiation, lymphovascular invasion and high CSR were independently associated with BRAF mutation; poor differentiation, proximal tumor, mucinous tumor and high NLR were independently associated with KRAS mutation. Four nomograms for MSI, CIMP, BRAF mutation and KRAS mutation were developed based on these independent predictors, the C-indexes of which were 61.22% (95% CI: 60.28–62.16%), 95.57% (95% CI: 95.20–95.94%), 83.56% (95% CI: 81.54–85.58%), and 69.12% (95% CI: 68.30–69.94%) respectively. Conclusion We established four nomograms using easily accessible variables that could well predict the presence of MSI, CIMP, BRAF mutation and KRAS mutation in CRC patients.


Abstract: This paper presents the modeling, control and simulation of an electric vehicle with four in-wheel 15 kw induction motors drive 4WDEV controlled by a direct torque control DTC strategy, where two control techniques are presented and compared for controlling the electric vehicle speed: the first one is based on a classical PI controller while the second one is based on a fuzzy logic controller (FLC). The aim is to evaluate the impact of the proposed FLC controller on the efficiency of the 4WDEV taking into account vehicle dynamics performances, autonomy and battery power consumption. When the classical controller can't ensure the electric vehicle stability in several road topology situations. To show the efficiency of the proposed new control technique on the traction system by 4WDEV. The vehicle has been tested in different road constraints: straight road, sloping road and curved road to the right and left using the Matlab / Simulink environment. The analysis and comparison of the simulation results of FLC and PI controllers clearly show that the FLC ensures better performances and gives a good response without overshoot, zero steady state error and high load robustness rejection, compared to the PI controller which is present an overshoot equal 7.3980% and a rise time quite important (0.2157 s with PI controller and 0.1153 s with FLC). As well as the vehicle range has been increased by about 10.82 m throughout the driving cycle and that the energy consumption of the battery has been reduced by about 1.17% with FLC.


Abstract : This Project Report is one of a series of five prepared under Task Assignment Number 11 to Inter-Agency Agreement DOT-FA70WI-175. The five reports are designed as handbooks to be used in FAA frequency assignment processes. Their sole purpose is to identify third order-two signal intermodulation products and their contributing frequency pairs. These tables include all third order-two signal intermodulation products within the 118-136 MHz band produced by mixtures of all possible pairs of the 360 channels in the band when 50 kHz spacing is used. The products are of the form 2F1-F2 and 2F2-F1. (Author)


Air pollution is one of main problems in human health, especially in big cities. There are five pollutants material which is indicated as a source of air pollution, one of them is nitrogen oxide (NO2). The proper environmental monitoring system for air pollution management has demanding requirements. We have designed an integrated optical sensor to measure NO2 gas concentration using 1-D photonic crystal. The phenomenon of photonic pass band (PPB) has been used as a frequency filter in liquid concentration measurement. Photonic crystal, LED, and photodiode were designed to operate in NO2 absorption spectra that are in the range between 557.23 and 558.01 nm. The NO2 gas concentration is inversely proportional to intensity of peak PPB spectra. We built electronic signal conditioning circuit which is consisting of: current to voltage converter, voltage follower, active low pass filter, and instrumentation amplifier, to get an appropriate signal. The experimental results show that our optical integrated instrumentation is able to measure NO2 gas concentration, while requiring a filtering circuit addition because of the presence of internal noise.


On a small-sized combustion test rig for pulverized coal an experimental investigation was performed of the forced ignition characteristics of two types of pulverized coal-air flow under different conditions. The results of the investigation indicate that in case of igniting pulverized coal-air flows by torches there exists an optimum ignition speed corresponding to the minimum concentration of the pulverized coal. The pulverized coal-air flow ignition limit is mainly influenced by such parameters as initial temperature, ignition source temperature, coal rank and the fineness of the pulverized coal. The enhancement of the initial temperature of the pulverized coal-air flow, the ignition source temperature and the fineness of the pulverized coal can all widen the range of ignition. It is relatively easy to ignite coal with a high volatile content. Under the same conditions it is easier to ignite a straight pulverized coal-air flow than a swirling one.


We previously reported that thrombin stimulates the induction of heat shock protein (HSP) 27 via p38 mitogen‐activated protein (MAP) kinase activation in aortic smooth muscle A10 cells. In the present study, we investigated the effect of the adenylyl cyclase‐cAMP system on the thrombin‐stimulated induction of HSP27 in A10 cells. Forskolin, a direct activator of adenylyl cyclase, reduced the thrombin‐induced p38 MAP kinase phosphorylation, and significantly suppressed the thrombin‐stimulated accumulation of HSP27. However, dideoxyforskolin, a forskolin derivative that does not activate cAMP, failed to suppress the HSP27 accumulation. Furthermore, dibutyryl‐cAMP (DBcAMP), a permeable analog of cAMP, significantly suppressed the accumulation of HSP27. On the other hand, calphostin C, an inhibitor of protein kinase C (PKC), reduced the thrombin‐induced p38 MAP kinase phosphorylation, and significantly suppressed the thrombin‐stimulated accumulation of HSP27. Moreover, forskolin reduced the p38 MAP kinase phosphorylation induced by the 12‐O‐tetradecanoylphorbol‐13‐acetate (TPA), a PKC‐activating phorbol ester, and significantly suppressed the TPA‐stimulated accumulation of HSP27. These results indicate that adenylyl cyclase‐cAMP system has an inhibitory role in thrombin‐stimulated HSP27 induction in aortic smooth muscle cells, and the effect seems to be exerted on the thrombin‐induced PKC‐ p38 MAP kinase signaling pathway. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


We study some aspects of Gauged Linear Sigma Models corresponding to orbifold singularities of the form r/Γ, for r = 2,3 and Γ = n and n × m. These orbifolds might be tachyonic in general. We compute expressions for the multi parameter sigma model Lagrangians for these orbifolds, in terms of their toric geometry data. Using this, we analyze some aspects of the phases of generic orbifolds of r.


Anthropometric measurements of alcoholics and non alcoholics of similar economic background were compared and the results reveal that there are no marked differences between the two. However, the biochemical analyses indicates that alcohol predisposes to fat storage, may contribute to iron deficiency and plays a direct etiologic role in liver disease.


The consciousness of estranecment between man and God, and a longing to bridge this chasm, are fundamental to all religions of redemption. In the development of antiquity from the sixth century B.c. on, this type of thought, for which the way is already prepared in the older elements of popular faith, confronts us as a definite and vigorously increasing religious movement. Reformers, prophets, and puritans propagate a profounder piety, which is often mystic in character. The ecstatic Dionysus religion becomes the most important factor in this development. In this religion the common people, the poor and the needy, directly attain a more profound and personal relation to the deity. The believer loses his individual consciousness in enthusiasm and receives the divinity into himself. In moments of orgiastic ecstasy he experiences the ultimate goal of his existence, abiding fellowship with the god, who, as redeemer and savior will free him through death from the finiteness, the suffering, and the exigencies of the earthly life. Orphism sets forth this religious experience in a mystic theology which exerts a strong influence upon Pindar and Empedocles, for example, and which suggested to Plato his magnificent treatise on the destiny of the soul.


This paper presents a new metaheuristic optimization algorithm, namely Bonobo optimizer (BO). It is inspired from the social behaviour and reproductive strategies of Bonobos. Bonobos adopt fission-fusion social strategy, which is nothing but forming several groups of variable sizes and compositions within a community and after a short period of time, they again reunite with their own community. Furthermore, bonobos show mainly four types of reproductive strategies, such as promiscuous, restrictive, consortship and extra-group mating. These natural behaviours of bonobos are artificially modelled in the proposed algorithm to solve optimization problems. The novelty of the proposed BO lies with the updating mechanisms of searching agents and their associated parameters, and the selection method of the mating partners. The performance of the proposed BO has been examined on a set of twenty optimization problems with varying attributes, and the results are compared with the reported ones by using seven other metaheuristic algorithms, in the literature. The outcome of the experiment clearly shows the superior performance of the proposed BO in both the aspects of exploration and exploitation capabilities compared to that of the others. The source code of BO is available at: https://sites.google.com/site/softcomputinglaboratory/Home.


Business English is a composite of professional expertise,now in China,undergraduate and postgraduate levels are provided in English professional business.Higher-level institutions to run a business English majors should be employment-oriented,combined with economic development in the region,reasonable positioning the goal of professional personnel training;take the essence and practical of teaching content as the core to integrated curriculum;to foster skills for the purpose of the establishment of participatory interactive teaching mode;to promote the all-round development as the goal,to enhance the overall quality of form.To this end,we established a "job-oriented,ability-based,three-dimensional infiltration" of professionals in business English training model,and achieved good results.


A prospective and comparative computed tomography (CT)/magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study on 90 patients with endoscopically examined and histologically proven laryngeal malignancy is presented. Post-operative pathological and intra-radiological (CT vs. MRI) correlations are established. We conclude that MRI is the method of choice for staging laryngeal malignancies.


To make clear the diversity of adolescent growth, spline-smoothed individual velocity curves of stature, body weight and chest circumference of 44 girls in Tokyo, of which menarche was recorded correctly, were provided. Additionally, 25 variables of ages at peak velocity, intensities, sizes and weight at the peak and at menarche, and terminal height were obtained. One subject girl lacked a growth spurt of chest circumference, and 12 girls lacked one of the takeoffs, of which 9 had occurred before age 7. On an average, take-off for height occurs at age 8.5, then that for weight at 8.8, for chest circumference at 9.1, height peak at 11.1, weight peak at 11.7, chest circumference peak at 11.8, menarche at 12.3, and terminal height at 14.4 years.


We report on the strain-shift coefficient of silicon tin (SiSn) alloys obtained by ultraviolet (UV) Raman spectroscopy. The values of the Raman peak shift of the Si-Si mode for the SiSn (Sn fraction: 0.5, 0.9, 1.8, 2.2, and 6.0%) thin films were found to increase with Sn fraction and it indicates that compressive strain is induced in the SiSn films. The strain-shift coefficient of the Si-Si mode obtained from linear fits to the measurement data (UV Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction reciprocal space mapping) has a good agreement with the values of the strain-shift coefficients about strained Si and strained silicon germanium, and commercial high-purity Si reported by previous studies. The strain-shift coefficient determined by in this work contribute to realize strain measurements for the next-generation SiSn devices such as near-infrared optical and thermoelectric devices.


2014 The magnetoelastic problem of a zig-zag 90° Bloch wall in iron is studied, either for a (110) or (001) wall. The elastic strains, due to magnetostriction, are calculated in both cases. The total energy of a zig-zag wall is obtained by adding, to the usual anisotropy and exchange contributions, the elastic term. Thus we find the equilibrium values for the periodicity and the angle of the zig-zag. Finally, we briefly discuss the contrast observed by X-ray diffraction topography of (110) walls for 110 reflexions. LE JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE TOME 37, SEPTEMBRE 1976, Classification Physics Abstracts 8.570