Purpose
This paper aims to highlight the relationship between the attributes of external auditor companies and voluntary corporate social responsibility (CSR) disclosures of audited firms using a sample of Abu Dhabi Securities Exchange (ADX)-listed companies.

Design/methodology/approach
Based on a sample of 410 firm-year observations for the period 2010–2016, this study first computes an eight-item CSR disclosure index, then ran a multivariate regression analysis between CSR disclosure scores and external auditor attributes, along with client firm characteristics and additional control variables. Finally, this paper performs various additional robustness checks.

Findings
The results reveal that external auditor attributes have a significant impact on shaping the CSR disclosures of ADX-listed firms. Overall, auditor age, size, industry specialisation and portfolio diversification positively affect the level of customers' CSR disclosures. By contrast, the magnitude of audit fees and auditor experience in the UAE has no impact on the CSR disclosures of ADX-listed firms. This study controls for client firm size, financial leverage, ownership concentration and the proportion of independent directors on companies' board of directors. The results remain robust to additional sensitivity checks such as audit company CSR practices, extreme quartiles of CSR disclosures and the panel data estimation method.

Research limitations/implications
The research exhibits some limitations. First, this paper uses a simple index to measure CSR disclosures based on previous empirical studies, especially those related to emergent markets, which are not free from bias due to the lack of voluntary disclosure transparency for some companies listed on ADX. Second, although this study uses a seven-year observation period, the total number of observations remains limited due to ADX size. Third, other context-specific disclosures should be included such as cultural and governance variables (royal families ownership).

Practical implications
The study highlights the role of external attributes that can affect companies' CSR disclosure policy, rather than firm-specific factors. The study also reshapes the concept of auditor quality beyond the dichotomy ("Big Four"/non-Big Four) used in the current literature.

Originality/value
The research adds to the current literature on CSR by revealing the impact of external auditor attributes on client firm CSR disclosure policy in an emerging market, the ADX.


Stunning is an important stage of the slaughter process, which directly influences the following steps and also the final quality of meat and products. Regulation 1099/2009 on animal protection at the time of killing raises a positive list of stunning methods. In rabbits, the most common method is head-only electrical stunning. However, studies have shown that electrical parameters could be optimised to guarantee unconsciousness of animals up to death. The aim of our study was first to propose practical and reliable indicators of consciousness for industrial conditions, and also to determine, using indicators of consciousness under experimental conditions, optimal parameters of narcosis (frequency, voltage, intensity and time of application) to guarantee unconsciousness of rabbits from stunning to death. The tracking of individual rabbit batches in several slaughterhouses enabled us to propose a set of practical indicators to estimate consciousness of animals. Thus, just after stunning, tests of awakening by measuring the time before the corneal reflex reappears and possibly posture seem to be relevant. Observing open eyes just after electronarcosis, although less precise, also seems to be usable and allows the observation of a larger number of animals. In the light of the results of this study it is recommended that to validate the unconsciousness of animals at bleeding, the corneal reflex test and observing for eye blinking, should be carried out on the chain on a minimum of 1 to 3 % of rabbits per batch. To guarantee unconsciousness of rabbits during the slaughter process the experimental phase determined that, with the tested parameters, bleeding should take place within 30 seconds of electro-narcosis. The best result for the quality of unconsciousness was obtained with electrical stunning for one second whatever the electrical parameters.


Researches dealing with the task of style transfer have focused and produced results that only transfers the style of a reference image to the entirety of another image. As this domain would be beneficial in digital art, it would be preferable for such algorithms to support a more flexible style transfer, such that the style would be applied only on a specific portion of an image. We propose a framework that can selectively apply a given style onto an object using only 4 user-defined points. Our approach combines a style transfer module and an object segmentation module to synthesize the stylized image. As the ultimate goal is to develop an artistic application tool, we also introduce a method that makes use of specific filters to preserve certain characteristics of an image, such as its high frequency components. Experiments show that our proposed method is able to produce pleasing results with minimal effort while also being able to handle more complicated tasks such as the application of multiple reference style images onto different objects in an image.


Polyporus versicolor was selected to find out its ability to degrade four different lignocellulosic residues (angiospermic wood sawdust, sugarcane bagasse, paddy and wheat straw) under semisolid conditions. The production of laccase was also studied on these substrates. Sawdust suffered a maximum lignin loss though overall reduction in weight was maximum in paddy straw. Addition of malt extract and certain phenolic compounds (gallic acid, tannic acid and orcinol) favoured ligninolysis in sawdust. A moisture level of 5 ml/g of sawdust was found to be the most suitable for degradation whereas laccase yield increased with further rise in moisture content.


In this paper, a modal resolution model of an open ended coaxial probe has been applied to the characterization of biphasic flows composed with water and gas. The sensitivity of the probe to the local fluid structure has been underlined. It has been shown that flow perturbations are responsible for the reduction of the range of applicability of the model.


Yellowstone is justifiably famed for its geysers, but Iceland, New Zealand and Kamchatka all have their own special geothermal features.


FRP material has had the advantage of nonmetal material resistant to corrosion,strong,resiliency,light weight, for the environment that is abominable,and needs strong sanitation machine.It is collected by the machine and is always the wonderful material.FRP is featured by the light weight and helps to reduce their weight reduction device,which is the heavy and the battery could move and improve the efficiency.The use of steel FRP and the leading nonferrous metal is the inevitable development trend of environment-friendly machinery manufacturing.


An excursion into the Limietberg Nature Reserve in the Bain's Kloof Mountains during the winter of 2006, one that I have undertaken regularly over the past ten years or so, had revealed a noticeably high number of dead and apparently dying individuals of Erica species.


The glass-formation regions in the quasi-ternary sy stems Ag2Se–Zn(Cd,Hg)Se–GeSe 2 were determined using XRD data. The maximum content of the modifier ZnSe is 10 mol.%, that of CdSe is 12 mol.%. The largest region of existence of glasses is observed in the m rcury-containing system where it crosses the conce ntration triangle. The thermal properties of the glasses wer characterized by the glass transition temperature , the crystallization temperature and the melting point of the crystallized alloy.


Discretization of the logistic chaotic map to binary and finer alphabets is investigated, motivated by potential use in chaos-based communication systems. Results are reported on the ensuing dependency and independency of the alphabet sequences. Binary results are expressed in terms of a parameter representing the balance of probabilities. Developments to multiple binary discretizations and to finer discretizations with uniformly distributed alphabet sequences, are presented. This latter type of process is shown to posses a form of local independence, but not full independence.


Last September we received the first call for developing our conference theme. I was incensed by some of the wording in the document. Although my reaction may appear peripheral to intangible heritage, I believe it is valid to discuss it in this context because it interrogates the structures, the language that we use to communicate.


The utility model provides a soilless culture device for household flowers and vegetables, which can use electricity and manual air pressure as power and is formed by combining a barrel-shaped component made of plastic material and electric components. The soilless culture device is formed by sequentially connecting a liquid storage box, a closed moisture chamber, a bearing main tube and a culture pot from bottom to top by layers and using the electricity, a water pump, an air pump or the manual air pressure as the power for providing water, fertilizer, air, light and heat needed by the growth of flowers or vegetables in the culture pot.


A strategy for wireless sensor network security is presented through dividing sensing multi-dimension hypercube into clusters and using the overlap key sharing (OKS) concept in this paper. The multi-dimension sensing hypercube is divided into a number of small same dimension hypercubes called cells, some of which are comprised of a cluster called logical group. The overlap key sharing protocol creates long bit clusters as the key cluster pools and distributes a sub-group to every sensor as key cluster. Analysis and comparison demonstrate this scheme enhances the WSN security, realizes the flexile secure grades for WSN, and has good network connection.


This paper presents a grammatical and processing framework for handling the repairs, hesitations, and other interruptions in natural human dialog. The proposed framework has proved adequate for a collection of human-human task-oriented dialogs, both in a full manual examination of the corpus, and in tests with a parser capable of parsing some of that corpus. This parser can also correct a pre-parser speech repair identifier resulting in a 4.8% increase in recall.


Surplus wastewater sludge reused for agricultural purposes must observe certain limit values with respect to different xenobiotic substances. The latest revision of the statutory order in Denmark includes for the first time a list of limit values on organic micropollutants in sludge. Four groups of micropollutants are included in the list (LAS, PAH, NPE, and DEHP). The limit values will be revised in June 2000, at which time up to 50% of the sludge used for agricultural purposes, will not comply with the standards. It has been observed that the level of organic micropollutants is much higher in anaerobically digested sludge than in aerobically stabilised sludge. This indicates that the organic micropollutants in question can be partly or fully degraded under aerobic conditions but not under anaerobic conditions. The observations have formed the basis of the development of a post-aeration process for biological degradation of organic micropollutants in anaerobically digested sludge with the aim of enabling continued reuse of the sludge for agricultural purposes. The process is presented in this paper together with a description of a full scale demonstration experience on a Danish wastewater treatment plant © 1999, IAWQ. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd.


refers only to populations in Mexico.In Colorado the Mogollon vole was firstreported from Mesa Verde National Park,Montezuma County, in the southwestern cor-ner of the state (Rodeck and Anderson 1956,Anderson 1961). Subsequently, it was docu-mented from Las Animas County in southeast-ern Colorado at Spanish Peaks State WildlifeArea (Mellott and Choate 1984 [erroneouslyreported as


Psychiatry, Psychology and Law, 20 (3). Cover image: Sophia Xeros-Constantinides, #2 (Anxious), 2009, digital print on photographic archival paper, 63.5 61 cm. This work is from the Cunningham Dax Collection, which is part of the Dax Centre. When the above issue was first published the caption for the cover image on the inside back cover appeared incorrectly. It should have appeared as shown below.


Abstract In the past, Robert Brandom's philosophy has provided fruitful grounds for the development of an approach to the history of philosophy. In A Spirit of Trust (2019), however, this approach takes a new form; one that corresponds to a shift of focus in Brandom's philosophy, from his earlier inferentialism to its later developments in the thesis of rational recollection. This article aims to elucidate and explicate this new approach, which Brandom refers to as forgiveness. By looking into the thesis of rational recollection, the article examines the back-looking attitude that Brandom argues for and how it can be applied to past philosophy. To better understand the novelty of this approach as forgiveness, the article considers other names that Brandom ascribes to this process, which interestingly correspond to different genres in the historiography of philosophy. Lastly, the article discusses whether such a forgiving approach leaves room for criticism and mistakes.


This paper models the audit as a cooperative game played by the auditor and auditee within a penalty regime imposed by a regulatory authority. The paper investigates the relationship between the penalties set by the regulator and the jointly agreed strategy of the auditor and auditee, and discusses how the penalty regime might be employed so as to induce a particular strategic outcome such as high effort levels on the part of the auditee and/or auditor.


Agriculture information resources shares are the tendency of modern agriculture development.It is great important to study and apply the agriculture information resources shares platform based on the XML to resolve "information isolated-island" and "duplication of similar projects" problem existing in agriculture information construction job of Guangdong province even the whole nation.


The underlying idea of modeling relationship of two variables with linear regression involve situation in which there is one independent variable. The problem of this research work is modeling the expected arrival rate of bank customers (whose observed arrival rate assumed to have followed a Poisson distribution) using simple linear regression model.


Existing virus detection techniques can hardly detect unknow computer virus.Austere situation of virus,needs a new method to detect unknow computer virus that can self-learning ability and can active category.in this paper,analyzed the existing virus zdetection techniques,studied the Application of Evolutionary Sem-Supervised Fuzzy Clustering Algorithm in computer virus detection,explored its key technologies,on this basis,make a model of the computer virus detecion,then usied computer simulation tests to verify.


Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are a class of persistent organic water pollutants that raise serious concerns owing to their carcinogenicity and other negative impacts on humans and ecosystems. In this study, Bi2MoO6/reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanocomposites were designed and prepared for the adsorption-assisted photodegradation of naphthalene molecules in an aqueous medium. The synthesized Bi2MoO6 nanoplates and Bi2MoO6/rGO nanocomposites were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared, scanning electron microscopy, high-resolution transmission microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, ultraviolet spectroscopy, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller, and photoluminescence measurements. The photodegradation of naphthalene molecules was observed to assess the photocatalytic characteristics of the samples under visible light. The Bi2MoO6/rGO nanocomposites exhibited significantly improved photocatalytic efficiency compared to pure Bi2MoO6. Among the nanocomposites, those containing 2 wt % rGO showed the best photocatalytic activity. The incorporation of rGO enhanced the visible light absorption and decreased the recombination rate of photogenerated charge carriers. Moreover, a Bi2MoO6/rGO nanocomposite showed excellent reusability for five cycles.


Objective: To report a case of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis mimicking lung cancer with lung to lung metastases in ectopic adrenocorticotropic hormone syndrome (EAS). Clinical Presentation and Intervention: A 60-year-old man suffering from hypokalemic alkalosis, hypertension and limbs paralysis was referred to our hospital. EAS caused by malignancy of lung was highly suspected due to multiple pulmonary nodules presenting on chest film and positron emission tomography (PET) images. Video-assisted thoracic surgical biopsy tissue was used to confirm invasive aspergillosis instead of malignancy. Finally, the patient died of opportunistic infection. Conclusion: This case showed that although EAS is usually associated with solid tumors, multiple pulmonary nodules secondary to opportunistic infections such as invasive aspergillosis must be kept in mind.


The Report presents the main informations about labour market in the county of Bologna during 2006. The Bologna labour market goes fairly well: in front of a positive business cycle employment is still growing and Bologna county has met many of the Lisbon targets. Nevertheless, in a comparison with European regions some weaknesses are shown, mainly for what concerns human capital formation and flexibility of firms' organization. Moreover, the quality of employment is worsening, as a growing percentage of new jobs are on of a fixed term kind.


Commonly in control systems is recognized several kind control action, among others control action proporsional,integral ,and derivative.Each control action have certain excellence,that is proporsional control action have excellence of time rise which quickly. integral control action have excellence to minimize error. derivative control action have excellence to minimize or weaken overshot / undershot. PID controller will control every variable situation of motor of DC which measured for feedback. By applying control systems theory is got ease in obtaining performance ,at the same time improve the response of dynamic systems as expected. This research will applying and specification the discuss in arrange the DC motor .Then controller that used is PID controller that connected by realtime with hardware using I/O Board MF 624.Parameter determination of PID controller using method of root locus. By using stability of root-Locus can know position of pole and zero so that can searched the value of PID controller.By using PID controller at simulation had found the performance system that better than before, respon output of natural system stable situation in a short time that is 2 second with time delay 0.1 second.While at simulation by realtime with MF 624 system reinforcement as according to value which is wanted Keyword : Motor DC, PID ,MF 624 Link Terkait:   http://skripsi.umm.ac.id/files/disk1/252/jiptummpp-gdl-s1-2008-alihabibi0-12555-Pendahul-n.pdf


The analysis of structures subjected to loads due to explostion is often treated by means of equivalent single degree of freedom model(ESDOFM).The most important parameters in the ESDOFM are the equivalent elastic displacement,equivalent limited displacement and equivalent yield strength.In the present paper,the equivalent elastic displacement and limited displacement of steel-reinforced-concrete(SRC)columns subjected to blast loading are evaluated based on the results of numerical simulation studies using LS-DYNA.A method to compute the equivalent yield strength of SRC columns is proposed,and the ESDOFM of SRC columns subjected to blast loading is then established.Finally,8 SRC columns are analyzed using the ESDOFM and LS-DYNA software respectively.It is found that the ESDOFM proposed is suitable for the design analysis of SRC columns under blast loading.


Leifeng's spirit is a developed outcome inherited from the Chinese traditionally good mores. It is also inherited from the magnificent tradition of revolution and the revolutionary spirit in China. 40 year's movement of learning Leifeng has displayed a trace or trend of lasting development with its history of being learnt anew and known anew. Its connotation has been increasingly enriched, timely nature increasingly strengthened, popularity increasingly universalized, national scope increasingly highlighted, and the features such as actuality, frequent enforcement, standardization, and institutional practice increasingly focused. It has become an important vehicle or form to construct spiritual civilization of socialism.


Static and kinetic friction of some woven fabrics have been studied using different contact surfaces on the Instron tester with the help of a friction attachment. It is observed that air-jet texturing of weft yams increases the frictional resistance of fabrics. The nature of the contact surfaces during the sliding action affects the frictional resistance considerably. Fabric-to-metal friction is less sensitive to the morphology and type of fabric. Variation of mesh size in monofilament fabrics affects the frictional resistance of these fabrics.


Neighborhood watch volunteer George Zimmerman observed suspicious activity and called police. In minutes, he and Trayvon Martin were in an altercation when Mr. Zimmerman shot and killed Trayvon Martin and claimed self defense. The State's audio experts evaluated the 9-1-1 audio recordings to determine who spoke which background phrases, if any. A Frye hearing is where the court determines the reliability and admissibility of an expert's opinion by determining whether an expert's methodologies are generally accepted within the relevant scientific community. The judge in this case ruled that the State's two audio experts would not be permitted to testify during the trial. While the judge found the "aural perception and spectral analysis... are sufficiently established to have gained general acceptance within the scientific community," she took exception to how they were applied in this case. This case provided a venue and forum for opinions on voice analysis, methodologies, standards, and the quality requir...


Neonicotinoids are the most widely used insecticides in the world and are commonly measured in aquatic environments, including freshwater wetlands. We report for the first time the synergistic tran...


This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (Intervention). The objectives are as follows: To assess the benefits and harms of different fluid therapy protocols (different routes, types of fluids, and rates at which fluid is administered) in people with acute pancreatitis.


Abstract Objective: Clinical evidence suggests a complex-per-haps correlative-relationship between stressful experiences and addiction. The goal of this review is to provide an overview of recent basic research linking stress and addiction, to indicate novel areas of study, and to suggest how data from basic research may influence clinical assessment and treatment of patients with stress-related disorders, substance abuse, or a history of both disorders. Methods: Reviewed here are recent basic research (preclinical) articles available via PubMed (www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov) with particular relevance to novel neural mechanisms underlying the putative stress/addiction relationship. Findings: Three types of relationships between stress and addiction are identified and discussed: (1) Neural adaptations common to both chronic stress and chronic exposure to drugs of abuse; (2) The influence of stress on the rewarding or sensitizing aspects of drugs of abuse; and (3) The influence of stress on the relapse to drug taki...


Tobacco smoking continues to be a major cause of death and disability around the world and is also a main provider towards our health inequalities. The legislation of banning smoking in public can help in improving smokers' health. Hence, this study aims to identify the students' perceptions if the legislation of public smoking at higher learning institutions has changed smokers' attitude and habit specifically in Malaysia. This study adopted a quantitative research approach to elicit data. An online survey using Google form application is used to distribute the questionnaires. A total of 106 undergraduates participated in this study. Data were analysed via SPSS software and descriptive analysis. The findings indicated that the smoking ban has changed the undergraduate smokers' attitude. The majority of the respondents preferred the legislation on the smoking ban to be implemented to all and were against smoking at public places as this will educate all smokers especially students to reduce or quit the smoking culture. The findings also revealed that majority of the undergraduates are aware that smoking has a negative impact on the innocent second-hand smokers, as it will deteriorate their health and may lead to fatal disease. Many respondents shared that they are seriously thinking of quitting smoking, however, some are not successful as they perceive smoking to be a form of relaxation and a way to reduce their stress. This study concludes with recommendations for further studies to be carried out to encourage the students to give up smoking totally.


Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were anisotropically functionalized with two different oligonucleotide sequences using magnetic microparticles as geometric restriction templates for site-selective enzymatic extension of particle-bound oligonucleotides. The divalent linking capability of the resulting AuNPs allowed for the design and programmable assembly of discrete nanoparticle heterostructures.


Q: Can you tell ZNet, please, what your new book, "Israel/ Palestine - How to End the War of 1948," is about? What is it trying to communicate?

R: Israel - backed by mainstream Western media - describes its war against the Palestinians as a war of defense, a necessary response to Palestinian terror, a noble instance of the global war against terrorism. It is amazing how still now, after two years of massive Israeli destruction of the Palestinian society, so little is known about the real facts of how this war developed, and what Israel's role in it is. The first aim of this book is to bring these facts to light.


A Heisenberg spin-s chain with alternating ferromagnetic (FM) (−J1F<0) and antiferromagnetic (}0$?>J1A>0) nearest-neighbor (NN) interactions, exhibits the dimer and spin-2s Haldane phases in the limits J1F/J1A→0 and J1F/J1A→∞ respectively. These two phases are understood to be topologically equivalent. Induction of the frustration through the next NN FM interaction (−J2F<0) produces a very rich quantum phase diagram. With frustration, the whole phase diagram is divided into a FM and a nonmagnetic (NM) phase. For s = 1/2, the full NM phase is seen to be of Haldane–dimer type, but for s > 1/2, a spiral phase comes between the FM and the Haldane–dimer phases. The study of a suitably defined string-order parameter and spin-gap at the phase boundary indicates that the Haldane–dimer and spiral phases have different topological characters. We also find that, along the J2F=12J1F line in the NM phase, an NN dimer state is the exact groundstate, provided }{J}_{C}=\kappa {J}_{1}^{\mathrm{F}}$?>J1A>JC=κJ1F where κ ⩽ s + h for applied magnetic field h. Without magnetic field, the position of JC is on the FM–NM phase boundary when s = 1/2, but for s > 1/2, the location of JC is on the phase separation line between the Haldane–dimer and spiral phases.


In this paper we present a heuristic to reconstruct nonsmooth curves with multiple components. Experiments with several input data reveals the effectiveness of the algorithm in contrast with the other competing algorithms.  2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.


Abstract A unique high performance liquid chromatographic system for the separation of polar organic compounds is described. Strong anion-exchanger was used as the stationary phase and pure water was used as the mobile phase. When the strong anion-exchanger was conditioned with pure water as the mobile phase, the fixed ionic site with its counterion functioned as a zwitterionic stationary phase. This facilitated the separation of the polar organic compounds without need for ionization of the analytes. A strong commercial anion-exchanger (polyacrylate-based type) and a laboratory-made one (ODS-based type; obtained by dynamically coating hexadecyltrimethylammonium salts on the reversed-phase ODS surfaces) were chosen to represent the stationary phases. Five purine and pyrimidine bases and eight nucleosides were chosen to represent the polar organic analytes. All of these polar organic analytes were successfully separated and rapidly eluted with pure water as the mobile phase. Separation mechanisms involved ...


We explain and evaluate the 'Information Skills Workbook', which has been developed for Humanities and Social Sciences postgraduates – but which could be adapted for wider, including undergraduate, use. Students are taught key information skills and are then required to practise, record and reflect on their use in support of a target assignment. The skills include searching databases for sources, setting alerts, using reference management software, ethical use of intellectual property, and using social media for current awareness. Students, tutors and external examiners recognise that the Workbook instils good information-related practices that might otherwise tend to be neglected. Shift 2017 Information Skills Workbook Irene Barranco Garcia & Peter Jones from Educational Development Unit on Vimeo .


This paper examines the relationship between internal migration, socioeconomic status and remittances, drawing on the experiences of migrant adolescent girl head porters in the cities of Accra and Kumasi in Ghana. Through an explanatory sequential mixed methods research design involving 503 individual surveys and 24 in-depth interviews, the paper established that 61% of adolescents studied migrated from the north to the south to escape poverty while 29% migrated to work and raise money for school fees. The kayayoo business does not seem to capacitate the adolescent girls to live the kind of lives they have reason to value because only 36% of them remitted to their families. A logistic regression model showed that older adolescents, 15-19 years, (AOR=7.32, p<0.05, CI= [1.999-26.802] number of years spent working as head porter, 3-years, (AOR=3.97, p<0.05, CI= [1.633-9.677] and socio-economic status not poor (AOR=8.63, p<0.001, CI=[4.761-8.435]) significantly influenced remittances. Remittances capacitated recipient families to invest in human capital development and also improved household food security.


For sports fans, great games are the close ones--those between evenly matched opponents, where the game remains undecided until the very end. However, the dark side to sporting events is the incidence of traffic fatalities due to game-related drinking. Here, we ask whether the closeness of the game affects the number of fatalities that occur. Two opposing predictions can be made. Games that are not close ("blowouts") may be less engaging, thus increasing drinking. Alternatively, close games may be more dangerous, increasing competition-associated testosterone that spills over into aggressive driving. An analysis of major sporting events (2001-8) shows that closer games are significantly correlated with more fatalities. Importantly, increased fatalities are observed only in locations with winning fans (game site and/or winners' hometown), congruent with a testosterone-based account. Ultimately, this finding has material consequences for public welfare on game days and suggests that one silver lining for losing fans may be a safer drive home.


Mostly proteolytic enzymes have been adminstered systemically through an paraenteral route with some adverse effects including hemorrhage. On developing oral administration of Pronase-P this method was studied in reference to hemorrhage. As a result, only 19 cases out of 708 cases haveshown slight clinically adverse effects including only slight hemorrhage. Acceleratin of healing of the wound was obtained by intraintestinal administration of the drug to rats in which a 3cm wound was inflicted.


TIME TO TRANSFER FROM THE MI CHOICE HOME AND COMMUNITY BASED WAIVER TO NURSING HOME STAY: A SURVIVAL ANALYSIS By Xiaoting Wu Survival analysis is an important statistics technique that is used to study time to events. This study explores the application of survival analysis on time to nursing home placement among the elderly who are enrolled at the MI Choice Home and Community Based Waiver program. Nursing homes are one of the major settings to provide longterm care for the elderly, however are associated with high expenditures in public and private sectors, and often cause psychological, social, physical issues for the elderly. The MI Choice Waiver program is a Michigan Medicaid program that allows the elderly to remain at home to receive long-term cares. One of the primary goals of this waiver program is to avoid unnecessary long-term nursing home placement. This study provided an overview of characteristics of elderly waiver enrollees. This study next identified the risk profiles of the waiver clients at the time of their waiver enrollment on the duration to long-term nursing home placement with death as the competing risk. This analysis further incorporated nurse and social worker assessments during the stay at the waiver program to assess the effect of the cumulative hospitalization and the change of health conditions on the time to long-term nursing home placement.


Depression fails to remit in many patients, even with successive treatments. The use of atypical antipsychotics to augment antidepressants when a


In regions of India where cultivation is rainfed, the optimal time to plant coincides with the onset of the monsoon. In this paper, we elicit from farmers their prior beliefs about the timing of the monsoon and assess their accuracy by comparing them to historical data. We flnd substantial heterogeneity in beliefs and in accuracy. More importantly, elicited beliefs can explain difierences in observed ⁄ Financial support from CRMG, GARP and World Bank is gratefully acknowledged. We want to


BLAST is a standard tool in bioinformatics for creating local sequence alignments using a"seed-and-extend"approach. Here we introduce an analogous seed-and-extend algorithm that produces local network alignments: BLANT (Basic Local Alignment of Network Topology). In Part 1, we introduced BLANT-seed, which generates graphlet-based seeds using only topological information. Here, in Part 2, we describe BLANT-extend, which"grows"seeds to larger local alignments using only topological information. We allow the user to specify bounds on several measures an alignment must satisfy, including the edge density, edge commonality (i.e., aligned edges), and node-pair similarity if such a measure is used; the latter allows the inclusion of sequence-based similarity, if desired, as well as local topological constraints. BLANT-extend is able to enumerate all possible alignments satisfying the bounds that can be grown from each seed, within a specified CPU time or number of generated alignments. While topology-driven local network alignment has a wide variety of potential applications outside bioinformatics, here we focus on the alignment of Protein-Protein Interaction (PPI) networks. We show that BLANT is capable of finding large, high-quality local alignments when the networks are known to have high topological similarity -- for example recovering hundreds of orthologs between networks of the recent Integrated Interaction Database (IID). Predictably, however, it performs less well when true topological similarity is absent, as is the case in most current experimental PPI networks that are noisy and have wide disparity in edge density which results in low common coverage.


I. The essence of the democratic power established in the Constitution of the Republic of Poland (hereinafter the Constitution) is to limit this power in order to protect the rights of the individual from threats that may be posed by the rule of the majority, especially when this majority seeks to impose its values and beliefs on others. This limitation is expressed both by the principle of the separation and balance of powers, as well as by the principle of a democratic state ruled by law and, above all, by the principle of inherent and inalienable human dignity. The system of the Republic of Poland and the interpretation of provisions concerning the organisation of the state apparatus and its mode of operation are subordinate to the latter principle.1 According to Article 30 of the Constitution, the source of rights and freedoms is the inherent and inalienable dignity of the person. This dignity is inviolable, and it is the responsibility of the public authorities to respect and protect it. The Preamble to the Constitution states: 'We call upon all those who will apply this Constitution for the good of the Third Republic to do so paying respect to the inherent dignity of the person, his or her right to freedom, the obligation of solidarity with others, and respect for these principles as the unshakeable foundation of the Republic of Poland'. According to the Constitutional Tribunal, these rights, which refer directly to the essence of human dignity, have the character of fundamental rights which the legislator can neither 'question nor limit. In their essential content they are not dependent on the will of the legislator, let alone on the organs that apply the law, regardless of whether they are public administration bodies or courts. Hence their designation as inherent rights, which is inextricable from the constitutional thesis that human dignity is inviolable. Such reasoning refers to the Preamble and Article 1 of the Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen, from which can be derived the principle that simply by virtue of being born a human being – and not on the basis of any other legal act—human beings possess all the rights that derive from their humanity. In this sense, human dignity is not dependent on the will of the constitutional legislator'.2


Textbooks occurring in diverse social settings points to the need to make textbook evaluation in its social context. Many researchers have highlighted the significance of evaluating textbooks in local practices. The present study aims at exploring the suitability of a listening textbook--A Listening Course(I) published by Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press in terms of content analysis. The analysis of the textbook finds that the general organization of the book, text types, listening tasks and activities are mostly suitable for first-grade English majors, but it still needs improvement on theme interests, authenticity, task options and assessment. Although ALC is a localized textbook, it still mirrors the macrocosm of English language teaching. The findings of this study will shed light on developing listening materials for textbook developers in order to avoid some pitfalls, and enlighten teachers on selecting suitable listening textbooks.


In this short but excellent and deeply researched book, Peter E. Gilmore, a historian at Carlow University in Pittsburgh, examines two intimately-related developments. First is the immigration and settlement in western Pennsylvania of Irish Presbyterians, often called the Scots Irish, who came primarily from Ulster (Ireland's northern province) in the fifty years or so after the American Revolution. Second is the growth of the Presbyterian churches, which these immigrants and their descendants planted and nurtured in those districts, in and around Pittsburgh, where they settled so heavily. Whereas older studies of Scots Irish immigration and of early American Presbyterianism often conclude in 1776, Gilmore emphasizes that far more Ulster immigrants came to the New World in the half-century following the American Revolution than before, and he argues persuasively that their contributions to the development of Presbyterianism in the United States were at least as important as those of their predecessors, who led the First Great Awakening of the 1730s-40s. Gilmore's book is both a fine example of immigration/ethnic history and an important study of American religious history. One facet of his principal thesis is that Presbyterianism, despite (or even because of) its several competing forms, was the most important aspect of Scots-Irish identity, both in Ulster and in western Pennsylvania. Conversely, Gilmore contends that it is impossible to understand American Presbyterianism, especially in its western Pennsylvania crucible, without appreciating its inextricable links and deep indebtedness to the religious beliefs and practices that were transplanted from the North of Ireland. Yet, Gilmore shows that this Irish-American Presbyterian community was by no means monolithic. Indeed, diversity and conflict were among its essential characteristics. For example, there were inevitable tensions between, on the one hand, the older (often pre-revolutionary) Ulster Presbyterian immigrants and especially their American-born descendants, and, on the other hand, the more recent immigrants from the North of Ireland who flocked to the new American republic after the Revolution. Those tensions reflected not only generational differences but also conflicts rooted in class, culture, and politics. Many of the newcomers, especially those


In this essay, I argue that we are merely biological organisms. This view (animalism) explains everyday practices like watching ourselves in the mirror. The claim that we are psychological in nature – i.e. wherever our conscious experience goes, we follow – cannot explain something as trivial as watching ourselves in the mirror. Thus, we should accept animalism.


Which first, the good news or the bad news? In honor of optimists who test their commitments by rising above the worst, I submit a three-part package of disheartening wisdom. W. J. T. Mitchell on pictures and words: "The history of culture is in part the story of a protracted struggle for dominance between pictorial and linguistic signs, each claiming for itself certain proprietary rights on a 'nature' to which only it has access." John Barrell on efforts to shelter the two arts of picturemaking and wordmaking under one critical label: " 'Romanticism' has never become a well-established term in the discussion of English painting, and art historians do not seem, on the whole, to have found the term of great explanatory power even when applied to such obvious subjects as Turner, Palmer, or Blake himself." And finally, the most quotable line ever written about all relations among all arts, Susanne Langer's heartstopping proclamation that "there are no happy marriages in art - only successful rape." These warnings open suitably dark themes that we would be mistaken to bypass, because they are fundamentally true to life. Awesome combinations of failure, difference, distance, lag, divergence, and conflict establish the relations of texts and images in the Romantic period to such a degree that we cannot hope to understand those relations without them. Any elevation of spirits about the future of scholarship in "literature and the visual arts," as it has come to be standardized in a phrase, can only be achieved by climbing a mountainous collection of depressing realities.


AIM:To study the chemical constituents of the aerial parts of Schisandra propinqua var.propinqua.METHOD:Silica gel,C18 reversed phase silica gel and HPLC were used.The structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic methods.RESULT:Two new triterpenoids,propinic lactone A(1) with 3,4-seco-cycloartane skeleton,and propinic lactone B(2) possessing 3,4:9,10-seco-cycloartane skeleton,together with a known typical cycloartane triterpenoid,schizandronic acid(3),have been isolated and identified.CONCLUSION:These two new triterpenoids serve as two important bridge intermediates from cycloartane triterpenoids to Schisandra nortriterpenoids biogenetically.


Background and importance Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), psoriatic arthritis (AP) and ankylosing spondylitis (AS) have a considerable impact on healthcare budgets. Aim and objectives The aim of this study was to determine the persistence, clinical and economic impact of the use of Inflectra in RA, AP and AS naïve and Remicade switched patients. Material and methods This was an observational, retrospective cohort study of patients treated with Inflectra for more than 6 months, between June 2015 and September 2019. We collected age, sex, indication and persistence of Inflectra naïve and switched patients. Safety was also assessed. We determined the real cost of Inflectra treatment for each patient from individualised intravenous administration, and correlated dates during the study period were collected from DISPENSA (Oncopharm). We simulated the real cost for these patients if they received Remicade. Cost savings were calculated using official Spanish prices for Inflectra and Remicade. Results From June 2015 to September 2019, 62 patients (38 women; aged 52±20 years; weight 75±27 kg), 31 with AS, 18 with RA and 13 with AP were treated; 33 (53%) were naïve patients (15 AS, 13 RA, 5 AP) and 29 (47%) were Remicade pretreated patients (16 AS, 5 RA, 8 AP). By September 2019, 33 (54%) patients continued on Inflectra treatment (11 naïve patients and 22 Remicade pretreated patients) in clinical remission (DAS 28 <2.6 or BASDAI <2). Twenty-nine patients discontinued therapy: 24 due to relapse of their rheumatology condition and 5 patients due to adverse reactions. All patients receiving Inflectra presented persistence at 24.4±7.4 months (AS 22.7±3.7, RA 19.2±5.4, AP 31.7±6.7). Persistence in naïve patients was 19.1±4.4 months (AS 19.1±4.7, RA 13.8±3.2, AP 24.5±10.4) and in Remicade pretreated patients 29.7±5.8 months (AS 26.5±6.5, RA 24.6±7.2, AP 37.9±8.1). Total associated costs of Inflectra treatment during the observation period were 901 840€. If these patients had been treated with Remicade, the total cost of therapy would have been 1 099 803€. Implementation of this procedure saved 197 964€ over 5 years. Conclusion and relevance Inflectra produced cost savings when used in anti-TNFα drug naïve and anti-TNFα pretreated patients. At a time when therapy cost is an unavoidable component of healthcare treatment decisions, Inflectra could be a cost effective option for patients with RA, AP and AS. References and/or acknowledgements No conflict of interest.


We present a high-performance surface-micromachined capacitive accelerometer, in which the mechanical noise was reduced by a large proof-mass (83.12 µg) and the electrical noise was decreased by a high-amplitude sense voltage (up to 12 Vpp). The proof-mass was increased by using a fabrication process involving anodic bonding of silicon and glass wafers, and by using a non-porous structure of the proof-mass. In addition, by using a metal layer patterned on the glass substrate, the notch effect caused by deep RIE process was eliminated. Thereby the weight of the proof-mass could be further increased. The nonlinearity problem, caused by the high-amplitude sense voltage, was avoided using breached finger sensing electrodes. Experimental results showed that the total noise floor and the nonlinearity of the present microaccelerometer are 21.87 µG/√Hz and 0.01534%, respectively.


We investigate different process conditions of the print-on-print Ag front side metallization such as Ag pastes and screen aperture. The print-on-print process reduces the Ag finger width down to 70 m. The application of the optimized print-on-print process to industrial type large area screen-printed solar cells displays conversion efficiencies up to 18.9 % compared to 18.5 % efficiency with standard single printed 107 m wide Ag fingers. The efficiency improvement is caused by an improved short circuit current of up to 37.4 mA/cm which is explained by the reduced shadowing loss. However, we find a strong dependence of the solar cell parameters on the print-on-print process conditions.


Objective: To establish a method for determinating icarin content in Naoling Granule. Methods: Water-soluble ethyl-acetate-extracting polyamide column purification was adopted. The content of icarin was determined by HPLC. C18 column was used, mobile phase was methanol:0.1mol/mL sodium phosphate dibasic (6:5) and detection wavelength was at 270nm. Results: Icarin has a good linearity in the range of 0.24~1.2μg ( r=0.9998). The average recovery was 98.23 %and RSD was 1.2 %(N=5). Conclusion: The method was simple with good reproducibility and can be used for the content determination of icarin in Naoling Granule.


This year, some producers have already started to harvest in very dry soils, and their risk of soil compaction is very low. But if the weather changes and it rains, producers will have to monitor soil conditions. When saturated, soil aggregates are 'lubricated' by water and readily reposition themselves through the air spaces, especially when heavy harvest equipment is used. In addition, farmers and equipment operators need to remember that compaction can occur during the application of manure or anhydrous when soil moisture exceeds field capacity (maximum amount of moisture retained by the soil).


In aqueous solutions, amphiphilic block copolymers in which a polystyrene (PS) segment is connected to a poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) block via a bis(2,2':6',2"-terpyridine ruthenium) complex can form micelles. Such micelles of the protomer type PS20-[Ru]-PEO70, according to the preparation procedure representing frozen micelles, were studied by sedimentation velocity and sedimentation equilibrium analysis in an analytical ultracentrifuge and by transmission electron microscopy, with different techniques applied for the sample preparation. The particles obtained were surprisingly multifarious in size. In ultracentrifugation experiments performed at relatively low salt concentrations, the distributions of the sedimentation coefficient s(20,w) showed a pronounced peak at 9.6 S and a broad, only partly separated second peak around 14 S. The molar mass of the particles at the peak was around 430,000 g/mol, corresponding to an aggregation number of approximately 85. The average hydrodynamic diameter of the particles in the peak fraction was approximately 13 run. In electron micrographs of negatively stained samples, spheres of diameters between 10 and 25 nm were the most abundant particles, but larger ones with a wide size range were also visible. The latter particles apparently were composed of smaller ones. The data from both sedimentation analysis and electron microscopy showed that (1) the studied compound formed primary micelles of diameters around 20 nm and (2) the primary micelles had a tendency toward aggregation. (C) 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


In this paper,it uses microencapsulated red phosphorus which are the flame retardants and nano-SiO2 which are the flexibilizers to manufacture flame-retardant polyester fiber splines by melt blending method,and study the effect of the amount of flame retardants and tougheners to the flame-resistant and mechanical properties of polyester.The results showed that microencapsulated Red Phosphorus can significantly enhance the flame retardant properties of polyester fibers splines,and nano-SiO2 can improve the mechanical properties of the polyester fiber splines;When the content of microencapsulated red phosphorus was 5%,the polyester fiber splines exhibited a LOI value of 33,tensile strength of 17.99MPa,flexural strength of 26.75MPa,and impact strength of 1.97kJ/m2,and the mechanical properties of the materials declined seriously.When the content of microencapsulated red phosphorus was 3% and the content of nano-SiO2 was 2%,the polyester splines exhibited a LOI value of 29,tensile strength of 35.51MPa,flexural strength of 31.54MPa,and impact strength of 2.03kJ/m2.


group oriented service which is said to be the primary application that are addressed by Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs) in recent years, multicast routing is used. Hence there is a need to design stable and reliable multicast routing protocols for MANETs. Hydra, the first multicast routing protocol for MANETs establishes a multicast routing structure approximating the set of source-rooted shortest-path trees from multicast sources to receivers, without requiring the dissemination of control packets from each source of a multicast group. Hydra accomplishes this by dynamically electing a core for the mesh of a multicast group among the sources of the group, so that only control packets from the core are disseminated towards the receivers of a group. Another mesh based multicast routing protocol that finds stable multicast path from source to receivers is also presented in this paper. Data packets are forwarded through the stable paths in a mesh, which are found based on selection of stable forwarding nodes that have high stability of link connectivity. The goal of this paper is to make a comparative analysis on the performance of Hydra and Link Stability based Multicast routing Protocols. General Terms: MANET, Multicast Routing Protocols.


Objective
To investigate radio-sensitivity and expression of GRP78 protein in the survival subclones of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) C666-1 cells.

Methods
NPC C666-1 cells were first irradiated with X-ray at a large dose of 8Gy. Three survival subclones were selected and named as C666-1-R1, C666-1-R2, and C666-1-R3. The radio-sensitivity was analyzed for the radiated survival subclones and their parent control C666-1 cells with Methyl Thiazolyl Tetrazolium assay(MTT) and Trypan blue dye methods. The expression of GRP78 was analyzed for three survival subclones and control C666-1 with Western blot.

Results
After 6 Gy irradiation, the cell survival rate of three subclones was higher than that of the control cells, especially a significant difference for C666-1-R2 cells (P<0.05), which suggested a radio-resistance in C666-1-R2 cells. Moreover, GRP78 expression in each subclone was significantly higher than that of parent C666-1 cells (P<0.05).

Conclusions
The irradiated-survival subclone C666-1-R2 was radio-resistant. GRP78 was overexpressed in the irradiated-survival subclones. GRP78 might be an ideal target for treatment of a nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

Key words:
Membrane proteins/BI; Nasopharyngeal neoplasms/RT/ME; Radiation tolerance; Cloning, molecular


The fleet assignment model allocates a fleet of aircraft to scheduled flight legs in an airline timetable. The fleet assignment model addressed in this paper uses a two-stage stochastic programming framework along with the Boeing concept of demand driven dispatch to assign crew compatible aircraft in the first stage, so as to enhance the demand capturing potential of swapping in the second stage. A design and analysis of computer experiments approach is used to reduce the computation involved in solving the problem. The main contribution of this paper is a method to obtain an approximation for the expected profit function using a regression splines fit, generated over a Latin hypercube design. The results on the accuracy of the fit for a real airline carrier are presented and future work is discussed.


Farmwomen play an important role in production to consumption chain of vegetables but their contribution in its cultivation in general and IPM in particular remains unquantified. The participation of farm woman (N = 108) in vegetable IPM was worked out in ten crops through survey in 54 villages of 6 blocks in two districts of coastal Orissa during 2008. Extent of women participation was quantified on the basis of participation quotient and categorized as nominal, low, moderate and full participation. Results were interpreted as crop specific and activity specific involvement in IPM. On crop basis, women had moderate and on par participation in IPM of leafy vegetables, bhindi and brinjal and full and significantly high participation in kitchen garden. They had low and on par participation in IPM of ridge gourd / parwal, bitter gourd, tomato, bean and chilli. In cabbage IPM, they had nominal role to play. On activity basis, they had insignificant involvement in major IPM works such as pest control decision, pest control tools selection, and its purchase from market and field application. They had low participation in pest identification and residue removal after crop harvest. However, they had moderate and significantly high participation in sanitation works in standing crop, assistance during pest control application in field, sorting of infested parts after harvesting for market and safe seed storage. They had high desire to acquire knowledge on pest management and pesticide; but few of them had option to get pest control knowledge; some of them grew pesticide free vegetable separately and most of them were aware of local methods of residue removal for family consumption. As such, women were engaged only in accessory IPM works due to poor knowledge base. The need for technological empowerment of women has been highlighted in the paper.


The results of theoretical studies on the effect of inertial pressures in water boiler transients are summarized as follows: (1) derivation of the equation for transient pressures in a partially enclosed container of water, (2) development of the equation of state for a mixture of water and radiolytic decomposition gas, (3) calculation of peak power as a function of reactor period, and (4) discussion of the effect of limited void space above the solution. It is intended that these results should serve as an indication of the magnitude of the inertial effects as a guide for planning the experimental program for KEWB. It is concluded that the attainable pressures represent no hazard to equipment, personnel or environs. (auth)


Abstract Purpose Approximately 20% of patients with lung nodules (LNs) have multiple LNs (MLNs). This meta-analysis was performed to assess the safety and efficacy of computed tomography (CT)-guided localization of MLNs in comparison with those of single LN (SLN) localization. Material and methods The PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library were searched to collect relevant articles published till February 2022. The meta-analysis was performed using the RevMan v5.3. Results In total, seven studies met the inclusion criteria for this meta-analysis. No significant difference was observed between patients with MLNs and SLN in terms of pooled successful localization rate based on LNs (p = 0.64) and patients (p = 0.06). The pooled duration of localization was significantly shorter and the pooled pneumothorax and lung hemorrhage rates were significantly lower in the SLN group than in the MLNs group (p < 0.00001 for all). The pooled duration of hospital stay was comparable between the MLNs and SLN groups (p = 0.96). Significant heterogeneity was observed in the endpoints of duration of localization (I2 = 75%) and pneumothorax (I2 = 53%). Conclusions CT-guided simultaneous MLN localization is clinically safe and effective, despite requiring a longer procedural time and having higher incidence of pneumothorax and lung hemorrhage than SLN localization.


Abstract Background Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) may be used as a salvage treatment in patients with cirrhosis and refractory variceal bleeding. Aim To synthesize the available evidence on the efficacy of TIPS in patients with cirrhosis and refractory variceal bleeding. Methods Meta‐analysis of trials evaluating TIPS in patients with cirrhosis and refractory variceal bleeding, including subgroup analysis to assess the impact of recent changes in the management of variceal bleeding (i.e., the use of Polytetrafluoroethylene‐covered TIPS and the availability of pre‐emptive TIPS as a first‐line treatment for acute variceal bleeding). Results Twenty‐three studies with 1430 patients were included. The pooled estimate rates were 0.33 (95% CI = 0.29–0.37) for death at 1 month–6 weeks, 0.46 (95% CI = 0.40–0.52) for death at 1 year, and 0.09 (95% CI = 0.06–0.11) for death due to rebleeding in the follow‐up. The pooled estimate rates for death at 1 month or 6 weeks were similar in subgroup analyses including studies that did not use covered TIPS or that did not include patients after the pre‐emptive TIPS area compared to the ones that did (pooled estimate rate 0.33 [95% CI = 0.28–0.38] and 0.32 [95% CI = 0.25–0.39], respectively). The pooled estimate rates were 0.16 (95% CI = 0.13–0.18) for rebleeding, 0.25 (95% CI = 0.17–0.36) for occurrence of hepatic encephalopathy, and 0.08 (95% CI = 0.05–0.13) for access to liver transplantation after TIPS insertion. Conclusions One third of patients with cirrhosis and refractory variceal bleeding treated with salvage TIPS died within the first 6 weeks. Recent improvements in the management of variceal bleeding did not improve the survival of patients presenting with refractory variceal bleeding.


Pd/C catalysts were prepared by microwave assisted ethylene glycol reduction method under the conditions of different pH values. XRD and TEM were used to characterize the crystal structure and particle morphology of catalysts, respectively. And the performance of electrocatalytic oxidation of formic acid of the Pd/C catalyst was characterized by CV. XRD results show that all prepared catalysts display the typical character of Pd face center cubic phase and the relative crystalline and average particle diameter decrease with increasing reduction pH value.TEM results show that the catalyst average particle size is(3.0±0.7) nm with good dispersion when the pH value is10.2 with the addition of 0.7 mL NaOH. And the catalyst prepared under such a condition also obtaines the best electrocatalytic performance. The CV curves show the electrocatalytic oxidation performance of prepared Pd/C catalyst starts to evaluate, then decrease, and the Pd catalytic activity of Pd/C-10.2 oxidation peak potential is1 590 mA/mg, which is about respectively as much 3 times and 2.5 times as that of Pd/C-9.0 and Pd/C-12.1.


This work is grounded on the idea that physical and topological properties are complementary features in visual objects and their transformations. Indeed, physical properties delimit the quality of the dynamics whereas topological properties focus on the spatial organization. In this paper, we propose a new cooperation between mass-interaction models for modeling motion and topological maps for modeling topology. We experiment it through two basic examples: the tearing of a fabric and the breaking-sticking of a cohesive material.


Abstract Background Increasing prevalence of multidrug-resistant microorganisms (MDRO) results in poor clinical outcomes, longer hospitalizations and higher healthcare costs. It is likely that MDRO colonization can lead infections to vulnerable patients. Currently, however, MDRO decolonization strategies are lacking. The purpose of this study was to prove the efficacy of FMT on decolonization of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) and vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) carriers. Methods This study was a prospective, open-label, uncontrolled, single-center pilot study of FMT for digestive tract colonized CPE, VRE, or CPE/VRE patients between March 2018 and February 2019. Fecal solution obtained from healthy unrelated donors was infused to recipient's gut. Fecal samples of recipients were collected before and after FMT until 1year.We compared characteristics of subjects succeed in decolonization during study period (responders) with subjects who failed to decolonize MDRO by FMT (non-responders). Furthermore, microbiome analyses were performed to investigate the influence of microbial characteristics of recipients on the outcome of FMT. Results Decolonization was achieved in 12/23 (52.2%) during study period. Hemoglobin (11.0 vs. 10.0, P = 0.018), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (102.0 vs. 89.0, P = 0.049), and albumin (3.4 vs. 3.2, P = 0.006) levels were higher in responders. Antibiotic treatment(ATB) within 1 week after FMT were less common in responders (41.7% vs. 90.9%, P = 0.027). Patients with no ATB approached frequent decolonization at 1(75.0% vs. 26.7%; P = 0.037) and 3 months (87.5% vs. 33.3%; P = 0.027). The rates of decolonization were significantly different between CPE, VRE and CPE/VRE colonizer (75.0% vs. 38.5% vs. 66.7%; P = 0.018). Gut microbiome of responders showed a higher richness and diversity than non-responders before(294 vs. 274 by Ace; 2.6 vs. 1.8 by Shannon) and after (345 vs. 260 by Ace; 2.9 vs. 2.1 by Shannon) FMT. The microbiota composition analysis revealed increasing abundance of Bacteroidetes and decreasing abundance of Proteobacteria at 1 month after FMT in responders. However, those changes of microbial composition did not occur in non-responders. Conclusion FMT is an effective way to decolonize CPE and VRE by restoration of the gut microbiome. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.


Preface Acknowledgments Family Trees 1. Home: "Jada, Jada, Jada Jada Jing Jing Jing" 2. Family: "They were so diverse..." 3. "Young Thinkers" and Others: "I was encouraged...to be very much out in the world." 4. The Writers Project: "...right where I wanted to be." 5. The NAACP: "Everybody in there had a sense of mission." 6. World War II: "[They] wanted to make like the Red Cross was integrated." 7. Going South: "In the front of the train and the back of the bus." 8. The Trial: "...there's something dreamlike about that period." 9. The Fifties: "What color is cotton? Pick it yourself!" 10. The Civil Rights Movement: "It was a real community effort." 11. Headstart: "I simply could not have not done it." 12. Taking Care: "If you're alive, live." Notes Index


Previously, the deployment of reliable and effecient telecommunications networks in marginalised rural areas (MRA) has been a difficult task to accomplish. The main reason being the barriers such as mountains and dispersed settlements making the deployment of wired technology in form of copper cables and fiber optic, difficult and expensive. However, the possiblility of converging different wireless technologies has recently been seen as the right tool in eliminating this problem. Wireless networking in MRAs enables rapid and low cost establishment of Internet connectivity, thereby improving socio-economic development in these areas. As a result, this paper describes how various wireless technologies can be merged to deliver ubiquitous Internet connectivity in MRA. Techologies such WiFi and WiMAX have been specifically chosen for experimental purposes and investigated as possible solutions in offering high broadband data throughput rates, high reliability, low latency and more secure network deployments in these areas. This is anticipated as a huge step in ICTD service provisioning and a platform for offering  the local community members an opportunity to communicate and explore new ideas in MRA. Lastly, the paper presents the results of the  of such wireless network deployment configurations on the ICT4D activities in marginalized areas.An ICT for development intervention called Siyakhula Living Lab (SLL) located in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa is the research test bed.  Key words : ICT4D, MRA, WiFi, WiMAX, Siyakhula Living Lab


A new study found that age at menopause accounts for 10% of the link between menopause and coronary heart disease. Get more details in this quick slideshow.


The objective of this study was to identify the spinal nerves that give origin to the brachial plexus and the origin of each of the nerves of the white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), as well as to compare the results with those reported in the literature for


Using a plot study, this research aimed to assess the possible contamination of Tehran surface groundwater by heavy metals which lead to considerable effects on water, soil and plants. For this purpose, four experimental plots were spread with silty loamy soil collected from Varamin plain in the southern part of Tehran with an agricultural application. The plots were irrigated with four different types of regimes. In this study, two types of plants, including lettuce and spinach, were planted in four different plots and then regularly irrigated. After irrigation phases, the soil samples were taken from 0 up to 100 cm depth intervals from each plot and concentrations of four heavy metals, including cadmium, zinc, nickel and lead, were measured in each sampling by means of atomic absorption spectrophotometer. In order to find the relative concentrations of metals available to plants, three different reagents, such as deionized water, calcium chloride and diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid (DTPA), were selected and applied to the four proposed plots into three sections of the soil depths. Present metal mobility was determined by measuring the concentration of metals in the soil profile and leachate. Results showed that most accumulation of heavy metals was observed in the surface layer of the soil. However, through shrink-swell cracks heavy metals can penetrate into the subsoil layers and consequently contaminate the surface groundwater. The concentrations of metals are increased significantly in the soil and plants of plots compared with control plot. Long-term irrigation with effluent (Plot 3) and sludge (Plot 4) increased heavy metal contents in soil and plants and made this practice unsafe to be applied by man.


Geographically weighted regression (GWR) is a model that can be used for data with spatial varying. Geographically and Temporally Weighted Regression (GTWR) is a development of the GWR model for data spatial and temporal varying. Parameter estimation in GTWR model uses weighted least square method which is very sensitive to outliers data. The outlier caused bias in parameter estimation, so it must be handled by robust GTWR (RGTWR). In this research, S-estimator was used to handle outliers and estimate an RGTWR. Both GTWR and RGTWR is used to build model crime rate in East Java 2011-2015.  The Crime rate is used as a response variable and the percentage of poor people, population density, and human development index are used as explanatory variables. The best model in this research is RGTWR using S-estimator. RGTWR using S-estimator has a coefficient of determination equal to 98,2  meanwhile RMSE equal to 33.941 and MAD equal to 4.994.


For a simple connected undirected graph G = (V;E), the Wiener index W (G) of G is defined as half the sum of the shortest-path distances between all pairs of vertices u;v of G. The kth power of a graph G, denoted by G k , is a graph with the same vertex set as G such that two vertices are adjacent in G k if and only if their distance is at most k in G. Let Pn be a path on n vertices. In this paper, for the graph G = Pn2Pn, we obtain a closed form expression for W (G 2 ). In addition, a correct closed form expression is stated forW (P 3


A strong nonlinear pressure dependence of the optical absorption edge has been measured in defect chalcopyrites CdGa{sub 2}Se{sub 4} and HgGa{sub 2}Se{sub 4}. The behavior is due to the nonlinear pressure dependence of the direct band-gap energy in these compounds as confirmed by ab initio calculations. Our calculations for CdGa{sub 2}Se{sub 4}, HgGa{sub 2}Se{sub 4} and monoclinic {beta}-Ga{sub 2}Se{sub 3} provide evidence that the nonlinear pressure dependence of the direct band-gap energy is a general feature of adamantine ordered-vacancy compounds irrespective of their composition and crystalline structure. The nonlinear behavior is due to a conduction band anticrossing at the {Gamma} point of the Brillouin zone caused by the presence of ordered vacancies in the unit cell of these tetrahedrally coordinated compounds.


This article describes the preparation of anaerobic adhesive,and analyzes the influence of the raw materials from different suppliers,the inhibitors and the metal chetate catalysts on adhesive stability.After the adhesive formulation is optimized,the fixture time is 3-5 minutes which significantly improve the curing rate.It doesn't gel for 72 hours at 80℃ during aging test,and remains the original fixture-time and breakway torque,which shows the excellent stability.


It can be realized useful surveillance camera system to become an information processing apparatus, to provide an information processing method, a program, and an information processing system. The information processing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present technology includes an input unit, and a control unit. Wherein the input unit, the second to the first and the first image captured by an imaging device, imaging target the second imaging space different from the first imaging space to be photographed target first imaging space It is photographed by the imaging device for inputting a second image to be displayed by switching to and from the first image. Wherein, when switching the first and the second image with each other, it outputs a switching videos reflecting the positional relationship of the first and the second imaging space.


Objectives: Sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) has been described as a significant intervention in the treatment of allergic rhinitis (AR). However, factors that may predict treatment outcomes with respect to quality of life (QoL) results and mainly the role of olfactory function are still being underestimated. In this study, we investigated determinants that best predict treatment outcomes for QoL, exploring mainly the role of olfaction. Methods: One hundred forty-five patients following SLIT, 45 placebo-controls, and 48 healthy subjects were studied. Olfactory function was objectively evaluated using "Sniffin' Sticks" test pre- and post-cessation of SLIT. Three categories of validated QoL questionnaires were filled out by all subjects: questionnaire specific for olfaction (Questionnaire of Olfactory Deficits), questionnaires for assessing psychology (Beck Depression Inventory, Zung Depression Scale, State & Trait Anxiety Inventory), general Short Form-36 health survey. Results: Statistically significant improvement of olfactory function by 11.1% and of all QoL questionnaires results (all P < .001) was observed on final evaluation. Anosmia, asthma history, and the severity of symptoms—expressed by the Total Symptoms Score—were proven independent determinants of clinically significant improvement in patients' QoL. Conclusions: Several factors were found that may predict QoL outcomes in AR patients following SLIT.


tocracy, 1558-1641 in this regard), and that it will indicate reasons for the late and slow industrialization of this once wealthy Italian state. Any of these issues, examined in depth, would require an extensive study, and Felloni's treatment of them is, at best, suggestive. Second, the discussion lacks an analytical framework; the author makes no clear statement of the hypotheses he wishes to examine so that much of the discussion rambles and causal explanations are rare and difficult to follow. The discussion would have gained considerably from interpretations of the flow of funds and composition of portfolios. Finally, a minor point: the title indicates that the book covers the period 1600-1815, while it deals almost exclusively with the period after 1720.


Kronheimer and Mrowka constructed a variant of Seiberg-Witten invariants for a 4-manifold $X$ with contact boundary in 1997. Using Furuta's finite dimensional approximation, we refine this invariant in the case $H^1(X, \partial X; \mathbb{R})=0$.


A growing number of organizations have launched social entrepreneurship competitions to help students develop the knowledge and skills to create sustainable solutions to the intertwined challenges of health and development. We conducted a program evaluation of the first 9 years of the Global Social Entrepreneurship Competition (GSEC) at the University of Washington to assess the outcome of participation. Method: We sent an e-mail survey to all GSEC participant finalists from 2005 to 2013. Responses to closed-ended questions were analyzed using descriptive statistics, and responses to open-ended questions were analyzed for major themes. Results: Of the 111 finalist teams, 46% responded to the survey. Motivations for participating included prestige (77%), networking (62%), and mentoring (49%). Of respondents, 76.4% indicated their teams were interdisciplinary, having backgrounds in business (78%), engineering (39%), and health sciences (22%). Of the 19 teams awarded a prize, 12 subsequently launched their businesses. Most respondents (81.4%) felt GSEC helped them become better global social entrepreneurs. Conclusion: Evaluation results suggest that networking and mentoring are key benefits of participation, and that more could be done to increase health sciences students' involvement. Further research is necessary to explore the global impact and social return on investment of these competitions.


This Note will examine the tax exemption for property used in religious worship in its English and American settings. Analysis of the scope of the exemption in England will review the history of the exemption and its present application. The discussion of the exemption in the United States will focus on constitutional considerations. The theism test will also be considered in light of the principles underlying the exemption in both countries. The Note will conclude by recommending the analogy test for both England and the United States as an alternative to the theism test. REJECTING THE THEISM TEST IN ENGLAND AND THE UNITED STATES IN PROPERTY TAX EXEMPTION CASES


Despite evolution of treatments and substantial improvements in survival, the self-reported health status among adult survivors of childhood cancers has not improved over 3 decades.


Hemodynamic changes and side effects of anesthesia induction with etomidate or thiopental were evaluated in 83 ASA class I or 11 patients. Patients were randomly assigned to one of 12 groups according to pretreatment drug (fentanyl, 100 μg, or normal saline intravenously), induction agent (etomidate, 0.4 mg/kg, or thiopental, 4 mg/kg), and maintenance anesthetic technique (isoflurane-oxygen, isoflurane-nitrous oxide-oxygen, or fentanyl-nitrous oxide-oxygen). The purpose of this experiment, of factorial design, was to evaluate the combined effects of two or more experimental variables used simultaneously and to observe interaction effects. There were significant increases in heart rate in all groups, especially after tracheal intubation. These increases were attenuated but not eliminated by fentanyl pretreatment. Systolic arterial blood pressure increased significantly after intubation and was not affected either by fentanyl pretreatment or by the induction agent. Patients in whom anesthesia was induced with etomidate had a greater incidence of pain on injection and myoclonus and a lesser incidence of apnea than patients in whom anesthesia was induced with thiopental. Fentanyl pretreatment significantly decreased the incidence of pain on injection and myoclonus, but it increased the incidence of apnea when anesthesia was induced with etomidate. The incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting was similar after thiopental and etomidate and was unaffected by fentanyl pretreatment. However, patients in whom anesthesia was maintained with isoflurane (with and without nitrous oxide) had a significantly lower incidence of nausea and vomiting than did patients given fentanyl-N2O-O2 for maintenance of anesthesia. These results indicate that there is no significant difference between etomidate and thiopental as anesthetic induction agents in healthy patients. Pretreatment with a small dose of fentanyl attenuates the increases in heart rate associated with induction of anesthesia and tracheal intubation with either etomidate or thiopental, and reduces but does not eliminate side effects associated with etomidate induction.


[Objective] To determine and analyze caffeine and catechins contents in Niaowang Tea in Guiding County,Guizhou Province.[Method] With important bioactive substances caffeine and catechins in tea as study objects,HPLC method was used to determine caffeine and catechins content in Niaowang Tea,and the contents were compared in different varieties of Niaowang Tea.[Result] The results showed that the content of caffeine and catechins between tender leaves and old leaves were significantly different,the content of caffeine and catechins in tender leaves were higher than in old leaves.[Conclusion] The study can provide scientific basis for selecting materials during processing of Niaowang Tea,and provide data support for extension planting and variety establishing of Niaowang Tea.


The invention belongs to the technical field of a super-capacitor and particularly relates to a preparation method of an electrode active material of the super-capacitor. The preparation method comprises the following steps: adopting active carbon powder with the grain diameter of 10-23 microns, and carrying out steps of roughly milling, finely milling, screening, preparing thick liquid and tabletting to prepare the electrode active material of the super-capacitor. After the active material prepared by the preparation method disclosed by the invention is prepared into the super-capacitor, the internal resistance is small, a charging/discharging speed is fast, the power density is great, the capacitance is relatively high and the energy density is higher than the energy density of other capacitors. The whole production and operation process is simple and the production cost is low; and the preparation method can be directly applied to large-batch industrial production. The power density of the super-capacitor prepared by using the method disclosed by the invention can reach 2.8 kw/kg and the energy density of the super-capacitor is 5.95 Wh/kg.


Low risk quantifiers (LRQs) are quantifiers for which an opponent has no superior falsification strategy in a GTS-style verification game. LRQs are shown to closely approximate the class of DP-quantifiers allowed in a presentational construction of German involving prosodically and information-structurally integrated V2 clauses. The notion of "risk" will be linked to a speaker strategy in competitive argumentation. 1. The DP-Restriction on IV2-Presentationals


In a recent article in the Guardian, Deborah Orr highlights the similarities between Jeremy Corbyn and Bernie Sanders. She writes: 'Both men are longstanding leftwing demagogues, the pristine idealism of their rhetoric untainted by the low politics that high office demands'. Orr's description of Corbyn as a 'demagogue' is interesting, given that the term more readily invokes figures such as Nigel Farage and Donald Trump.


Let V be a Euclidean Jordan algebra with identity e, and let Ω be the corresponding symmetric cone. In this paper, we introduce a partially ordered commutative semigroup structure on the closed convex cone extending the binary operation a : b = (a–1 + b–1)–1 on Ω and consider compressions of the symmetric cone Ω of the form

where P is the quadratic representation of the Jordan algebra V and Aut(V) is the Jordan automorphism group of V. The aim of this paper is to show that Φa,b,kP(w) has a unique fixed point p(a, b, kP(w)) on Ω and the fixed point map

is continuous.


Relations expressing the effects of roughness orientations (θi) and flow behavior index (n) of the power-law fluid on the flow factors of area-distributed random roughness in hydrodynamic lubrication are derived. By using a mapping function, the generalised average Reynolds equation contains non-diagonal terms, and the flow factor tensor is symmetrical lint not necessarily diagonal according to the coordinate system. Finally, the conditions that two rough surfaces act as though they were perfectly smooth are discussed for some particular combinations.


This paper proposes a mobile power for the Sectional Compact Emergency Shelter (SCES), which is used under the great disaster. The proposed mobile power consists of the Fuel Cells (FCs), photovoltaic cells (PVs) and lithium-ion rechargeable batteries. This mobile power is constructed in a container car. Therefore, the constructed mobile power is easily moveable and constructible with the SCESs. The authors have named it "a ubiquitous power." The FCs in the ubiquitous power can supply electrical power and waste-heated water. The waste-heated water can be used to the SCESs for a floor heating in winter. The lithium-ion rechargeable batteries level the difference between generated power and consumed power in the SCESs. The number of the SCESs, which proposed one ubiquitous power can supply power continuously, is decided considering both the depth of discharge (DOD) of the batteries and the thermal energy of the waste-heated water from the FCs. It is shown that proposed one ubiquitous power can supply twenty SCESs in winter in Japan.


Abstract. We review here research on semiochemicals for cotton pest management carried out in successive Cotton Co-operative Research Centres from 1998 to 2012. Australian cotton is now dominated by transgenic (Bt) varieties, which provide a strong platform for integrated pest management of key pests such as Helicoverpa spp., but new technologies are required to manage the development of resistance in Helicoverpa spp. to transgenic cotton and the problems posed by emerging and secondary pests, especially sucking insects. A long-range attractant for Helicoverpa moths, based on plant volatiles, has been commercialised as Magnet®. The product has substantial area-wide impacts on moth populations, and only limited effects on beneficial insects. Potential roles are being investigated for this product in resistance management of Helicoverpa spp. on transgenic cotton. Short-range, non-volatile compounds on organ surfaces of plants that do not support development of Helicoverpa spp. have been identified; these compounds deter feeding or oviposition, or are toxic to insect pests. One such product, Sero X®, is effective on Helicoverpa spp. and sucking pests such as whiteflies (Bemisia tabaci), green mirids (Creontiades dilutus), and other hemipteran insects, and is in the advanced stages of commercialisation.


Performed computer simulations of a Pt bilayer on hexaboride. Characterized nanolayer Pt on hexaborides using XRD, EXAFS, EDX. Demonstrated that ORR activity of nanolayer Pt on hexaboride is similar to Pt on carbon (Pt/C). RRDE used to demonstrate that nanolayer Pt manifests standard ORR reaction pathway. Single-crystal hexaboride studies revealed a dichotomy between powders and crystals. Synthesized calcium hexaboride powders significantly smaller than those reported in the literature.


One of the strategies to further increase PEFC performance is elevation of the operation temperature, reducing the reaction overvoltage of oxygen reduction reactions. On the other hand, durability of materials used in PEFC is assumed to be lowered at the higher temperature condition. In this study, understanding degradation phenomena of electrocatalysts at the higher temperature is particularly focused on in order to develop durable electrocatalysts at the elevated temperature.MEAs were prepared using the standard catalyst and electrolyte, Pt/Ketjen black catalyst (TEC10E50E, TKK Corp.) and Nafion, respectively. Three different conditions of operation temperature and humidity (80 °C/RH100%, 105 °C/RH57%, and 80 °C/RH57%) were applied. Durability of MEAs in three conditions was studied through the potential cycles between 0.6 and 1.0 V assuming "load cycles" of FCVs.[1], [2] Since Pt dissolution/re-precipitation is assumed to occur during the cycles, the changes in activation overvoltage and ECSA were carefully examined under three conditions. After 20000 potential cycles, activation overvoltage and ECSA increased and decreased, respectively, the most at 105 °C/RH57%. On the other hand, such degradation was much suppressed under the operation at 80 °C/RH57%. In order to understand the difference in degradation phenomena, the amount of water molecules was considered. With the presence of a large amount of water molecules, the rate of reducing ionized Pt (Pt2+) into Pt metal is assumed to be smaller. Then, in the case of 80 °C/RH57%, the amount of water molecules was smallest among three conditions, leading to fast and reversible reduction of Pt2+to Pt metal. Therefore, Pt particle growth was believed to be suppressed. However, if two factors, the amount of water and temperature, are considered, the temperature factor most likely influences more on Pt particle growth. Reference[1] A. Ohma et al., ECS Trans, 41 (2011) 755.[2] M. Kitamura et al., ECS Trans, 69 (2015) 701.


Hypericum hookerianum in current scenario have been targeted for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. This study was undertaken to assess the in vitro antioxidant potential of ethanolic extract of H.hookerianum and its glycosidic flavonoid enriched extract. Dried aerial parts of H.hookerianum were extracted with ethanol using soxhlet apparatus. Glycosidic flavonoid enriched extract (GFHH) was separated by acid hydrolysis from ethanolic extract of H.hookerianum (EEHH ) and performed thin layer chromatography (TLC). Total flavonoid content was determined spectrophotometrically in EEHH and GFHH. In vitro antioxidant potential of EEHH and GFHH were evaluated by various free radical scavenging methods like 1,1-Diphenyl- 2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2, 2'-azino bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS), Super oxide (O 2 .- ) , Nitric oxide(NO), 2,2-azo bis (2- amidino propane) di hydro chloride (AAPH), hydroxyl radicals (OH . ) assays  and  compared with standard quercetin. Flavonoids (quercetin and rutin) present in the plant extracts was confirmed by TLC. Total flavonoid content (TFC) was quantified in both the extracts and the concentration of flavonoid was high in GFHH when compared with EEHH extract. In DPPH assay IC 50 values for EEHH and GFHH were 23.03 µg/ml ±0.21 and 26.45 µg/ml ±0.42 respectively. EEHH  and GFHH exhibited potent scavenging effects against ABTS with an IC 50 values of 8.68±0.65 μg /ml  and 7.38±0.72 μg / ml which are comparatively equivalent to that of standard quercetin IC 50 ( 7.17 ±0.76 μg / ml). In SO assay, IC 50 values for EEHH and GFHH was found to that  48.42 µg/ml ±0.45 and 29.48 µg/ml ±0.45 respectively, in NO scavenging assay IC 50 values  for EEHH and GFHH were 7.75 µg/ml ±0.45 and 7.3 µg/ml ±0.21 respectively, in AAPH assay IC 50 values for EEHH and GFHH were 8.002 µg/ml ± 0.45 and 7.3 µg/ml ±0.21 respectively, in HRSA assay IC50 values for  EEHH, GFHH and standard were 17.17 ± 0.82 μg/ ml, 15.18 ± 0.92 μg/ ml and 12.17 μg/ ml respectively. In all in vitro assays, the potential of the radical scavenging is as follows: EEHH < GFHH < quercetin. Results obtained in the present study have confirmed the antioxidant potential of EEHH and GFHH due to its flavonoidal constituent . These findings support the use of H.hookerianum in traditional medicine for treating neurodegenerative diseases and oxidative stress. Key words : antioxidants, Hypericum hookerianum , flavonoids, free radicals


Prelactating mammary tissues from five mammalian species (laboratory rat, guinea pig, hamster, rabbit, dog) were maintained in organ culture in the presence of insulin, corticoids and ovine prolactin (mammotropin — MH) and/or bovine growth hormone (somatotropin — STH). MH stimulated secretion in all but one species; however, any apparent secretory effect of STH could be accounted for by contamination with MH. Accordingly, these mammals did not demonstrate the interchangeability of MH and STH established for some mouse strains. There are species differences in mammary sensitivity to MH: dog and rabbit are most sensitive, hamster and rat are less sensitive, and guinea pig was unresponsive. No difference in response between Long-Evans and Sprague-Dawley rats was detected.

Mammary tissues from the dog, guinea pig and rabbit showed some ability to survive in the unsupplemented synthetic medium "199" whereas tissues from the other two species showed little or no viability. Supplementation of the medium with insulin results in improvement in survival of mammary tissues from all species. The further addition of corticosteroid (aldosterone, cortisol or corticosterone) leads to greater augmentation of survival in tissues from all five species, with some indication that the gluco-corticoid principally characteristic of the species concerned was more effective than the others.


There is perhaps no other phenomenon besides consciousness that is so familiar to each of us and yet has been so elusive to any systematic study, philosophical or scientific. In thinking about consciousness, the puzzlement one often finds oneself in is rather like St. Augustine's riddle in his contemplations about the nature of time: When no one asked him, he knew what it was; being asked, however, he no longer did. (Augustine of Hippo 1961: Book 11.) What is at the heart of this puzzlement? Is there a genuine difficulty that underlies it? What are the specific issues that comprise the problem of consciousness? (Is there really a "the problem of consciousness"?) And are we facing a phenomenon the understanding of which lies forever beyond our intellectual capacities? These are the questions that I will pursue below. The overarching goal of this introduction is to provide a field guide (with a particular perspective) for anyone interested in the history and present status of philosophical issues in the study of consciousness. Part One is a preliminary overview of the current philosophical positions in the literature, as well as a discussion of the unique difficulties inherent in the concept and nature of consciousness. Part Two is an account of the study of consciousness in the history of modern psychology. Finally, Part Three is an exposition of the mosaic of philosophical puzzles of consciousness, as well as an exploration of their interrelations.


A self-consistent mechanistic model is considered for the response of the South China Sea (SCS) monsoon to the remote forcing. The feedback parameters are evaluated by using an atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM) control run, AGCM sensitivity experiments, and observation data of the NCEP reanalysis and ICOADS sea surface temperature (SST). Zonal wind anomaly induced over SCS from the surrounding weather system without any effect from SCS precipitation anomaly is regarded as the remote forcing for SCS monsoon. The remote forcing directly affects SCS monsoon variability through the water vapor transport and Convective−Wind−Evaporation (CWE), and indirectly through the reduction of SST. The effect of the activated zonal wind induced-reduction of SST is much smaller than that of CWE and plays a role in suppressing SCS precipitation. This result suggests that the SST reduction contributes to stabilize the monsoon variability over SCS in summer through local air-sea coupling. On the other hand, present study also suggests that monsoon precipitation contribute to reduce SST through the change in the local circulation.


In order to clarify evolution rule of microstructure of low carbon steel that produced by BOF-LF-CSP technique,the test and analyses were conducted on the microstructure of low carbon steel SS400 by metalloscope.Result makes known,the microstructure of thin slab was finer branched crystalline grain and the disparity between surface layer and center was very little.After first great rolling deformation the crystalline grains of sheet slab were obviously reduced,and the crystalline grain dimensions and hardness from surface layer to center were the gradients to distribute.The microstructure of thin slab of low carbon steel SS400 was finer than that of conventional thick slab,the average grain size is 5 μm around.


ABSTRACT Wendha Adha Juliansyah. S811408014. Mathematics in Multimedia Flipbook: Teacher's Creativity in Developing Instructional Media to Enhance Motivation of Fifth Grader at Elementary School Muhammadiyah 1 Ngawi. Thesis. Advisor I: Dr. Nunuk Suryani, M.Pd, Advisor II : Dr. Leo Agung S. M.Pd. Educational Technology Postgraduate Program of Sebelas Maret University. Surakarta. This research aimed to find out: (1) how was the condition of instructional process in mathematics in five grade of Elementary School Muhammadiyah 1 Ngawi, (2) the suitable developmental procedure of Flipbook as a multimedia for mathematics in Elementary SchoolMuhammadiyah 1 Ngawi, (3) the effectiveness of Flipbook in increasing students' motivation. This research designed in Research and Development study design corridor with procedures; (1) analyzing the needs needed in developing the Product, (2) designing prototypical product, (3) developing the product, (4) implementing the product in the field, and (5) evaluating product's weaknesses. In addition, this study used totally 52 samples. 26 samples in experimental group (five graders in Billal Bin Robbah class) and 26 samples in control group (five graders in Khadijah Binti Kubro class). Furthermore, in collecting the data, the researcher used questionnaire and achievement test as the instruments and it was analyzed using Descriptive statistic methods and t-test. After Administering the data analyses, it was found that: (1) the category of the product was good based on the means of points given by Content Expert-4, 74; (2) the category of the product was good based on the means of points given by Media Experts-4, 66), (3) the product considered very good based on first field test with means of 4, 67 or 78% ; (4) the product also considered very good based on second field test with means of 4, 57 or 91%; (5) H1 was accepted, means that achievement of the two groups was different shown by the means (Experimental Group-72,38 and Control Group-63.83). The result of the t-test was interpreted based on parameter; t DK= {t t 1.706} and t obs =8.048 Ɇ DK. In other word Ho Keywords: Mathematics, Multimedia, Flipbook, ADDIE. Instructional Media, Motivation


This paper study customized crawling arithmetic roundly and in detail,and raise a based on customized Web crawling model,The experimental result indicates the model can crawl web pages requested by user quickly and store in local file system.This web crawler model has stronger practical value,it can gather information in order to establish the resources bank of some respect fast.