Simple Summary Morphological and ecological features are highly specialized among subterranean insect species. Studies of such features reveal the vast diversity of insect taxa and can also provide insight into the general mechanisms associated with species diversity. The Pterostichus macrogenys species group is an endemic subterranean Japanese carabid beetle lineage that shows marked regional differentiation. However, to date, its diversity has not been fully elucidated, partly due to the difficulty of sample collection. We examined 103 specimens from this species group, which were collected by fine-scale field sampling, and classified these into one new and eight known species. The results of this study revealed that some of these species have disjunct distributions, which have not been reported in this species group. More importantly, some species of this group coexisted in some localities; in most such cases, two species with different body sizes coexisted, implying a role of differential body size in promoting coexistence. In the remaining case, one large and two small species coexisted, and the two small species have male genitalia of different sizes; in this system, body and genital size differences appear to have different effects on coexistence, implying a species coexistence mechanism that has rarely been reported in insects. Abstract An endemic subterranean Japanese carabid beetle lineage, the Pterostichus macrogenys species group, was recently revealed to have marked regional differentiation. Studies of such features reveal insect species diversity and provide insight into the mechanisms driving species diversity. We examined specimens of this species group collected from the southern Tohoku District of Honshu, Japan, where its diversity has not yet been fully elucidated, using fine-scale field sampling and detailed comparative morphological analysis of male genitalia. In total, 103 specimens from 13 localities were classified into one new (P. monolineatus sp. n.) and eight known species. In four of the known species, we observed disjunct distributions, which have not previously been reported in this species group and may be more common than previously recognized. Species coexistence was observed at four sites, with two species of different body sizes coexisting at three sites and three species coexisting at the remaining site. The three coexisting species included one large and two small species, the latter of which have male genitalia of a different size. This newly discovered coexistence pattern implies separate effects of differential body and genital size in species coexistence, which has rarely been reported in insects.


A system for providing an operator interface having a radar display comprises a memory and a processor. The memory stores trader designated requirements. The processor generates a radar display comprising a trader requirements block that corresponds to the trader designated requirements. The processor receives market data and performs the following for each trader designated requirement: determines a probability of the market data satisfying a trader designated requirement, and displays a market data circle on the radar display, where a distance between the market data circle and the trader requirements block indicates the probability.


Aim: To assess the level of adherence of healthcare workers to workplace safety measures provided at the Enugu State University Teaching Hospital, Enugu Nigeria. Method: A total of 350 health care workers of the Enugu State University Teaching Hospital (ESUTTH) were used for the cross-sectional study which took place between February and August 2019. Basic information like age, sex and duration of work in the hospital were taken. Finally their levels of adherence to the safety measures provided in the hospital were assessed. Results: The greatest number of respondents fell within the age group 26-35years (40.9%) and the gender distribution showed that 54.6% were female workers. The greatest proportion of the respondents indicated that they have worked in the hospital between 1 -5years (31.1%). Lastly assessment of adherence indicated 67.2% comply with the instructions on hand-washing.70.3% use gloves when making physical contact with patients. 50.6% claimed that they have an occupational/environmental health policy in their departments. 80.9% use bleach/disinfectants to clean up spillages and other hazardous substances. 52% have knowledge of segregation of healthcare waste. 60.3% engage in routine screening for blood-borne diseases e.g. HIV, Hepatitis B and C. while 57.3% said that they undergo routine medical checkup annually. Conclusion: Most of the respondents were young adults 26-35years who had worked in the hospital between 1- 5years due to the fact that the teaching hospital had not been in existence for too long. Majority of the respondents (>50% in each case) have a good adherence to the safety measures i.e. hand-washing, use of disinfectants, segregation of hospital waste, and routine screening and regular medical checkups. This situation has been responsible for the maintenance of a very low rate of hospital transmitted (Nosocomial) infections in ESUT Teaching Hospital Enugu.


The paper investigates basic archetypical images that are applied to Barack Obama and other leading American politicians in modern American caricature. We also give examples of transferred meanings, pun, decomposition of set-expressions and analyze images that are deeply rooted in culture. All these form the basis for satire and irony in political cartoons.


ABSTRACT The article deals with constructing and/or reproducing sites of national memory and cultural heritage among Georgian immigrant communities in the USA (New York City) and Germany (Berlin and Regensburg). Georgian immigrant communities in the USA and Germany consist of "old" and "new" arrivals, with people of various ages as well as different professional and employment backgrounds. We try to address the questions: how do socio-economic challenges, legal immigration status, job opportunities and living conditions influence immigrants' attitudes toward national identity and culture? How do plans to stay and integrate into host societies define the ways immigrants "practice" nationalism? The symbolic realm of Georgian immigrant communities in the USA and Germany consists of both tangible and intangible sites of national identity and memory, as well as cultural heritage. We reflect on how national identity is "crystalized" and represented in material and physical settings (churches, and icon corners at home, for instance) and in certain national, cultural, and religious practices. These practices as cultural expressions manifest in preserving the native language, adhering to the Christian faith, celebrating Orthodox Christian holidays, learning national songs and dances, maintaining traditional cuisine, and eating habits, and more.


Abstract Thermoelastic instability (TEI) in a mechanical component manifests itself in the form of macroscopic hot spots. To gain insight into the mechanism of hot spotting, an engineering TEI model for two solid surfaces separated by a viscous liquid film in relative sliding motion is developed. The model lends itself to a useful analytical expression for determining the threshold of instability with provision for the effect of the migration speed.


Antibiotics are among the emerging micro contaminants in aquatic environment due to their potential adverse effects on the ecosystem and possibly on human health. Four important antibiotic classes. sulfanornidcs [sulfadiazine (SOl). sulfarnethoxazol (SI\'IX)]. penicillin [arnoxicillin (AMX). arnpicillin (AMP)I. tcuacyc linc [oxytetracycline (OTe). tetracycline (TCll and macrolids [erythromycin (I~RM)J which are commonly used In human and vctcrmarv medicine. were studied In detail. Forty sampling sites were selected including hospitals. animal farms. aquaculture sites. veterinary clinics. tributaries, lakes. lagoons. national zoological garden and horton plains for the present study. Three samples of both water and sediment were collected in each location. Sample preparation was based on solid-phase extraction (SPE) and antibiotics were quantified using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) Percentage of recoveries obtained for above mentioned antibiotics remained between X5''10to 95",u. The highest environmental contaminations of AMP (water: 0.019-0.546 ppm. sediments: 0.001-0.004 ppm). AMX (water: O.019i'-CU04 ppm. sediments: 0.001-0.0 I0 ppm) and SMX (water: 0.001-0034 pprn. sediments: 0.00 I~0.0()2 ppm) were detected in hospital effluents while the highest concentrations of OTC (water: 0.0010.23 I ppm, sediments: 0.001-0.056 ppm). TC (water: 0.001-0.112 ppm. sediments: 0.001-0067 pprn) and ER\' (water: 0001-0.324 pprn. Sediments: 0002-0.004 ppm) were recorded In effluents collected from Iisl: farms and shrimp hatcheries. Results ofthe present study also indicate that among the antibiotics t'c\\ of them were detected in lower concentrations In Beira lake and river mouths. OTC (water: 0.0010.021 pprn. sediments: 0.001-0.002 ppm), TC (water: 0.001-0.032 ppm). AMP (water: 0.002-0.0: ppm). AMX (water: 0.001-0.078 pprn) and ERM (water: 0.001-0.005 pprn. Sediments: 0.001-0(11 : ppm) were detected in river mouth ofWalawe river .. In Bcira lake, AMP (water: 0.345 ppm), A\\\. (water: O.IOlppm). SMX (water; O.OOlppm) and ERM (water: 0.013ppm) were detected. T< antibiotic concentrations recorded in most environmental samples have exceeded the rnaxinu.:' permissible level « O.OOlppm-water and < O.lppmsediments) recommended by World Hca.: Organization. Therefore, results ofthe present study provide important information on cnvironmcr.: exposure of antibiotics. which can be incorporated into environmental risk assessments of .. particular antibiotics in Sri Lanka.


The article deals with the problem of continuity in the work of a pre-school education institution and a primary school in the introduction of health-saving technologies into the educational process. Emphasis is placed on modern scientific research. The basic concepts of this research are substantiated: health-saving technologies, healthy lifestyle, interaction, continuity. The types of health technologies, common forms of work with children, teachers, and parents are identified. It is emphasized that the introduction of health-saving technologies in the educational process is aimed at forming a caring attitude towards children in their physical and mental health, the most important social skills that will contribute to successful adaptation in society.


Eye movement servo control has the advantage of non-contact and the eye movement is not affected by other limbs. By applying eye-tracking technology to rehabilitation research of people with movement disorders, the interaction between eye-tracking technology and computers will be gradually put into practice, which is equivalent to giving patients a pair of "invisible hands" that can give instructions freely. In this paper, a servo control method based on eye-movement coding technology is proposed to solve the problems of low accuracy, poor reliability, and insufficient human intention initiative in the field of eye-movement servo control of human-computer visual interaction. The human eye movement instruction is processed by coding and integrated with human eye movement intention to realize intelligent servo control of human eye intention. In order to improve the accuracy of eye movement servo control, this paper proposes an eye movement instruction coding processing method, which uses the trained AdaBoost fusion strong classifier algorithm and the landmark detector to detect the real-time algorithm in the video sequence to complete the eye location and blink determination. In this paper, an improved pupil location method based on multi-angle joint detection is proposed. The pupil location is completed by using the information of eye image points, and the digital coding model of eye command action is constructed, which provides an instruction base for eye movement servo control. In order to improve the reliability and initiative of eye-movement servo control, a reinforcement learning method combining eye-movement coded instruction and intention was proposed. By integrating the improved DDPG continuous control strategy reinforcement learning algorithm with eye movement intention instruction, the environmental status can be sensed in the human-computer interaction process and the optimal strategy of eye movement instruction selection can be learned.


14 Koonthankulam Bird Sanctuary (08 28′12′′N & 77 43′48′′E) is a unique area effectively protected and managed with the cooperation of the Koonthankulam Village community. This 129.33 hectare area is known for the massive heronry, which is the largest breeding water bird reserve in southern India, located 35km south of Tirunelveli Town. Amidst the cacophony of Painted Stork fledglings, on 14th May 2008, a bright sunny morning, as we were walking around the dry bed of Kadankulam Tank, a part of the Bird Sanctuary, five unfamiliar birds crossed our path in a jiffy. Perplexed by the sighting, we followed the track and were excited to identify them as Indian Courser. At this point in time we were not aware that something more exhilarating was in store for us. They were nothing but four nests with two eggs each of the Indian Courser on the ground (Figures 1 & 2), separated by each others approximately with 15m. So perfect was camouflage, the thick spotted eggs, easily mistaken for scattered stones on the dry ground, which informed us that we just missed seeing the birds incubating!


It is suggested that some shortcomings of Null Hypothesis Significance Testing (NHST), viewed from the perspective of Bayesian statistics, turn benign once the traditional threshold p value of .05 is substituted by a sufficiently smaller value. To illustrate, the posterior probability of H0 stating P=.5, given data that just render it rejected by NHST with a p value of .05 (and a uniform prior), is shown here to be not much smaller than .50 for most values of N below 100 (and even exceeds .50 for N>=100); in contrast, with a p value of .001 posterior probability does not exceed .06 for N<=100 (neither .25 for N<9000). Yet more interesting, posterior probability becomes quite independent of N with a p value of .0001, hence practically satisfying the alpha postulate - set by Cornfield (1966) as the condition for p value being a measure of evidence in itself. In view of the low prospect that most researchers will soon convert to use Bayesian statistics in any form, we thus suggest that researchers who elect the conservative option of resorting to NHST be encouraged to avoid as much as possible using a p value of .05 as a threshold for rejecting H0. The analysis presented here may be used to discuss afresh which level of threshold p value seems to be a reasonable, practical substitute.


The craters and other surface features of the Moon have long attracted the attention of astronomers and geologists and many hypotheses have been suggested to account for their origin. Although a host of detailed observations have been made, we do not yet know definitely how any one of these features was formed, nor do we know definitely what the materials are that we see exposed on the Moon. The chief difficulty that confronts the geologist in his study of lunar physiography is the visualization of the conditions that obtain there; namely, lack of running water and of an atmosphere, and gravity only one-sixth that at the Earth's surface. Terrestrial features are so profoundly modified and altered by the action of water and of air that our whole geological experience is built up around these factors. The first task of the geologist who wishes to study the physiography of the Moon is to ascertain the physical environment of its surface materials and then to gather experience in the effects, produced by such conditions. Erosion, weathering, and cementation in the ordinary terrestrial sense are inactive forces on the Moon's surface. Sedimentary rocks are apparently absent; they do not, as on the Earth, constitute the history-book of the Moon. In the absence of an atmosphere and of circulating water, geological history of the kind we know on the Earth cannot be recorded.


Development and Evolution is the published version of a symposium sponsored by the British Society for Developmental Biology that was held at the University of Sussex in the spring of 1982. The fact that this was the second major symposium on this topic to be held within a 12-month time span is symptomatic of a re-awakening of interest in this subject. This re-awakening has been accompanied by a partial metamorphosis. The old questions, notably those of the relationships between ontogeny and phylogeny, are being asked again in new ways, and newer questions such as those conceming the relationship of genotypes to complex morphological phenotypes have been added. I believe, however, that a major reason why this subject has aroused so much excitement recently is that it has become the focus of two related counter-revolutions. One of these is against neo-Darwinian orthodoxy in evolutionary theory, while the other opposes the neo-Weissmanian view of the organism as an expression of the genome. One virtue of Development and Evolution is that it includes some of the more uncompromising proclamations of the counter-revolutionaries. Statements such as "If taxa are real, it follows that there is only one real or natural hierarchy, one correct or true classification" (Patterson) or ". . . the historical sequence of forms emerging during evolution is logically secondary to an understanding of the generative principles defining the potential set of these forms and their transformations" (Goodwin and Trainor) might have been dismissed as lunacy a decade or two ago, and perhaps still are by most biologists. However, the views exemplified by these quotations have at least gained sufficent adherence to have become the center of a lively debate, or more accurately a lively set of related debates. A second and major virtue of Development and Evolution is that it is a true forum for debate rather than simply a platform for the counter-revolutionaries; real debate was insured by the fact that some of the leading proponents of the still-dominant orthodoxies were invited along with the dissidents. Perhaps the only major defect of the symposium,


J Fam Plann Reprod Health Care 2006: 32(4) Introduction Many groups seek a change in current UK abortion legislation. Such organisations consist of parliamentary groups, professional bodies, pro-choice and anti-abortion campaign groups and charitable service providers. Individuals have initiated court cases to achieve change. Abortion law in the UK is laid down in the Abortion Act 1967, as amended by the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act 1990. This law allows abortion in approved circumstances, while illegal abortion is still a criminal offence under the Offences Against The Person Act 1861. Modifications of general abortion law have arisen from case law (e.g. Paton v. British Pregnancy Advisory Service Trustees, 1979). Current proposals for law reform range from complete repeal of the Abortion Act 1967 to reform of the existing legal framework. The main subjects are abortion on request up to 14 weeks' gestation, better access to early abortion, easier access to late abortion, reducing the upper limit, and restricting the definition of serious handicap.


The article describes the method of neuroenergy mapping as a way to identify the functional impairment of a structural structural brain in cognitive disorders, which in turn allows instrumental confirmation and justification of the causes of changes in neuropsychological status, as well as individually selected cognitive load, taking into account sex, age and characteristics of the lesion the brain of the patient. In patients using the NEC method in 5 standard leads, the state of brain energy activity was recorded. Then he was offered tasks from the album for a neuropsychological examination of A.R. Luria as a cognitive load: in memory, the elimination of superfluous, storytelling and others. After completion of the cognitive load, the indicators of the patient's brain energy activity were again recorded. According to the results of data processing, patients were adjusted recommendations for cognitive load.


Various APL systems have facilities that allow specialized I/O operations with a terminal. A new general approach is to use the system variable terminal types (@@@@TT) to designate I/O devices, modes, and options. The APL I/O supervisor for APL/V80 embodies this approach. This paper discusses the application goals, design objectives, challenges, and design of such a supervisor.


The purpose of this study was to examine pre-service teachers' treatment integrity (TI) in the use of constant time delay (CTD) and simultaneous prompting (SP) while teaching discrete and chained b...


Increasing anthropogenic threats in the marine environment requires continued assessments of their potential effects on the marine megafauna. In recent years, ship strikes have become an important source of mortality to large whales. Here we integrated telemetry and tra�c data to assess vessel collision risk on humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) off the central coast of Brazil between 2016 and 2019. A state-space model was used to account for observation error and to regularize telemetry data. Residence time and proportion of time spent at the surface (i.e., the upper 10m layer of the water column) by whales combined with eet-specic vessel density were used as proxies to estimate the relative probability of vessels encountering whales available to a collision. We also identi�ed areas where potential encounters were likely to in�ict lethal injuries on whales based on vessel length and speed. The cargo �eet was the most densely distributed, and along with the tanker �eet, represent a great concern to humpback whales in Brazil. A higher risk of collision was recorded on the Abrolhos Bank, the main breeding ground for this population. By incorporating comprehensive whale-and vessel-related information, this study highlights the importance of spatially explicit risk assessments for the conservation of humpback whales in Brazil.


The semiconductor memory device 10 according to the present invention, the semiconductor substrate 13, a first impurity region 17 and the second impurity region 15 and the first impurity region 17 and the second impurity region ( 15) of the major surface of the channel region 75 and the channel region (the semiconductor substrate 13 to 75) is position formed between, a first gate formed on the major surface of the first impurity region (17) side (42 ), a second gate (45 is formed via a channel region 75, a second insulating film (44 on the main surface of the major surface of the semiconductor substrate 13 to the position, the second impurity region side 15) ) and the first to place the second gate 45 and the side opposite to the gate 42 is located on the major surface of the semiconductor substrate, a first third insulating film (46 formed on the side of the gate 42) and, the interface of the third insulating film 46 and the semiconductor substrate 13 located just below, and the location above the interface between the major surface of the semiconductor substrate which is located the second insulating film 44 and directly beneath it. This makes it possible to reduce the total number of processes and the cost is inexpensive.


Sun et al. show that a twin-cuvette system is able to finely control concentration of water vapor and trace gases for an accurate estimation of fluxes of O3 and PAN. The authors present a convincing research, with rigorous explanation of methodology. I find this kind of study particularly useful, since leaf-level experiment under controlled conditions can provide important information (e.g. deposition velocities) which are fundamental inputs for canopy models and in turn help better understanding stomatal and non-stomatal sinks of very reactive trace gases. Experiments with other plant species with different physiological behavior (e.g. high rates of stomatal conductance) would


As a class the pentose sugars are generally considered but slightly assimilable. The hexoses have marked differences of ease of metabolism in the body associated with and unquestionably intimately dependent upon molecular dissimilarities. It should, therefore, be of interest to determine whether different spatial configuration can affect the degree of utilization of the carbohydrates having 5 carbon atoms. Neuberg and Wohlgemuth (1902) compared the formulas of the arabinose enantiomorphs with that of d-glucose and were of the opinion that the 1 modification was the more closely related to the latter. In support of this conception, they reported the observations, that while there was comparatively little difference between the amount of the two forms of arabinose appearing in the urine of a rabbit after intravenous injection, the amount of the d form escaping utilization was markedly greater than that of the I form after oral or subcutaneous administration. Furthermore, there were the findings that after the administration of the racemic modification, there always appeared an excess of the d-arabinose in the urine. These results were based upon calculations from optical rotation and diphenylhydrazone formation. It should be of interest to repeat such a study of the utilization of the forms of arabinose, by employing other methods that have become more recently available. The present communication reports the rate of removal of in-


The effect of steel disc surface texturing on dry gross fretting in a ball-on-disc configuration was studied. Dimples were created with abrasive jet machining. The tribological performance of sliding pairs, steel–steel and steel–ceramics, was experimentally studied. The character of surface texturing effect was related to the dominant wear type. During steel–steel contact, the presence of dimples on disc surfaces could lead to increases in wear and friction. However, the escape of wear debris into dimples could result in reductions of friction and wear in the steel–ceramics configuration.


It is argued that polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are not the dominant large molecules in the interstellar gas because (i) the known interstellar molecules are more general in structure and composition; (ii) none of the many infrared and optical interstellar features attributed to large molecules has yet been assigned to a specific PAH; (iii) the PAH hypothesis fails to offer a credible interpretation of the diffuse interstellar bands, and (iv) PAHs tend to accrete carbon in the diffuse interstellar gas at an unacceptably high rate. An alternate scheme is proposed in which a stable population of long carbon chains and large planar rings is maintained by C+ insertion, photocleavage, and spontaneous isomerization.Chains with 20–30 atoms are synthesized at about the right abundance to account for the diffuse bands, and it is suggested that these and derivative rings of comparable size or slightly larger are the dominant large molecules in the diffuse gas. It is also suggested that in a a slower subor...


Transverse momentum dependent (TMD) parton distributions obtained from the Parton Branching (PB) method are combined with next-to-leading-order (NLO) calculations of jet production to obtain predictions for LHC jet final states. In addition, a new initial state Parton Shower, which is based on the TMD distributions, and final state Parton Showers are included together with hadronization. We compare our predictions with jet and Z+jet measurements performed at the LHC, finding good agreement. We present results indicating the need for multi-jet merging with PB-TMDs.


study expectancy with emotional expression to another person's appearance and acts. The experimenter showed his upper body through the window of the booth for 2 seconds following a chime sound (51) and then hid his body for 3 seconds (S1-S2 interval) . He then presented himself in front of the subjects from behind a screen while calling the subject's names (S2). Sixty trials in 3 days were carried out for each subject. By observation of emotinal behavior, subjects were divided into three groups based on the latency of laughing or smiling. Subjects of group a showed laughing and smiling prior to presentation of S2, and one of them showed anticipatory deceleration in HR changes. Subjects showing emotional expression after presentation of S2


The basic goals of this study are to document, represent and model beach surface moisture dynamics. Achieving these goals requires that the dynamics be understood within the context of the key associated processes including evaporation and groundwater table fluctuations. Atmospheric parameters including wind speed, air temperature and relative humidity, evaporation, beach surface moisture content, groundwater table fluctuations and tidal oscillations were directly monitored in an eight-day field experiment. Field measurements demonstrated that beach surface moisture content has a relatively high degree of variability in the cross-shore direction and a relatively low variability in the alongshore direction. The highest levels of variability were found in the middle beach, where daily fluctuations of up to 30% (volume) were common. Long-term variations in surface moisture content are controlled by water table fluctuations, while short-term variations are dominated by either evaporation or groundwater table fluctuations depending on the local water table depth. Two traditional methods to estimate potential evaporation rates were tested, the masstransfer method and the combined (energy-budget and mass-transfer together) approach. Results showed that the mass-transfer method produces consistent large errors in simulations, even with recalibration of the constants. Simulations utilizing the Penman equation provide much better agreement with field data. It was found that groundwater table fluctuations at the studied beach are mainly forced by tidal oscillations. The numerical solution of the linealized Boussinesq equation provides an accurate approach to simulate tide-forced beach groundwater table fluctuations. These simulations were found to be significantly improved by modeling the system as a sloping beach rather than using the traditional vertical beach approach.


The paper summarizes exhaust emissions measurements on two diesel-electric locomotives and one diesel-hydraulic railcar, each tested for several days during scheduled passenger service. While real driving emissions of buses decrease with fleet turnaround and have been assessed by many studies, there are virtually no realistic emissions data on diesel rail vehicles, many of which are decades old. The engines were fitted with low-power portable online monitoring instruments, including a portable Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR) spectrometer, online particle measurement, and in two cases with proportional particle sampling systems, all installed in engine compartments. Due to space constraints and overhead electric traction lines, exhaust flow was computed from engine operating data. Real-world operation was characterized by relatively fast power level transitions during accelerations and interleaved periods of high load and idle, and varied considerably among service type and routes. Spikes in PM emissions during accelerations and storage of PM in the exhaust were observed. Despite all engines approaching the end of their life, the emissions per passenger-km were very low compared to automobiles. Tests were done at very low costs with no disruption of the train service, yielded realistic data, and are also applicable to diesel-hydraulic units, which cannot be tested at standstill.


The electrical response of polymer composites employing a "percolation-within-percolation" approach of carbon black reduction required for imparting conductivity to the composites was investigated. Specifically, immiscible polymer composites composed of poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) (EVA), high density polyethylene (HDPE) and carbon black (CB) were investigated. The ternary composites exhibited enhanced conductivities above that of the individually filled binary polymers at equivalent carbon black concentrations. Significant increases in the conductivity of (semi)conductive composites could be achieved through annealing at temperatures below the melting point of the HDPE, with compositions containing carbon black levels close to the percolation concentration experiencing the greatest benefit. Optical analysis of the annealed composites indicated a coarsening of the blend morphology which was speculated to be assisting in improving the conductivity of the composites. The ternary composites exhibited an upward shift in relative permittivity values with increasing HDPE/CB content through the enhanced Maxwell-Wagner interfacial polarization taking place between the three dissimilar components.


The process of improving the efficiency of restaurants is a process of system integration and construction of restaurant business processes, service capabilities, and management. The foundation of the task is to establish a model of the enterprise operating system and to measure the service capabilities of the enterprise through the simulation of the model. Therefore, this article builds the model of the a restaurant service system based on the flexsim simulation software, sets the parameters of the service system model according to the actual operation data of the restaurant, and observes whether there is redundancy or insufficiency in the service capability of the service system through the operation model, and the simulation result Analyze, combine the actual situation of the restaurant, put forward the corresponding improvement suggestion, in order to improve the resource allocation efficiency of the restaurant busy hour, increase the income of the restaurant, shorten the average wait time of the customer, increase customer satisfaction, make the restaurant in the competition in an invincible position.


Simple Summary Necrotic enteritis, a secondary gastrointestinal (GIT) infection in poultry, is a costly burden to the commercialized poultry industry, impacting the welfare of broiler chickens as well as production gains. Many feed supplements have been proposed to alleviate the burden of necrotic enteritis in poultry with varied success. A promising supplement, a microencapsulated blend of organic acids and botanicals, has been demonstrated to modulate the immune system and the gastrointestinal microbial ecology in healthy birds. Therefore, we aimed to test this supplement in the feed of broiler breeder chickens infected with necrotic enteritis. To determine if the supplement improved the microbial ecology of the GIT, where necrotic enteritis resides, the GIT microbiota were elucidated using microbiome sequencing. There were minimal differences in the microbiota diversity; however, the core microorganisms of birds fed the supplement consisted of Lactobacillus and Clostridiaceae. The supplemented-fed birds also had a higher abundance of normal microbiome inhabitants, namely, Actinobacteriota, Bacteroidota, and Verrucomicrobiota, than those not fed the supplement. Therefore, the supplementation of a microencapsulated blend supported beneficial and core microorganisms, potentially improving the bird's response to NE. Abstract Previously, the supplementation of a microencapsulated blend of organic acids and botanicals improved the health and performance of broiler breeders under non-challenged conditions. This study aimed to determine if the microencapsulated blend impacted dysbiosis and necrotic enteritis (NE) in broiler breeders. Day-of-hatch chicks were assigned to non-challenge and challenge groups, provided a basal diet supplemented with 0 or 500 g/MT of the blend, and subjected to a laboratory model for NE. On d 20–21, jejunum/ileum content were collected for microbiome sequencing (n = 10; V4 region of 16S rRNA gene). The experiment was repeated (n = 3), and data were analyzed in QIIME2 and R. Alpha and beta diversity, core microbiome, and compositional differences were determined (significance at p ≤ 0.05; Q ≤ 0.05). There was no difference between richness and evenness of those fed diets containing 0 and 500 g/MT microencapsulated blend, but differences were seen between the non-challenged and challenged groups. Beta diversity of the 0 and 500 g/MT non-challenged groups differed, but no differences existed between the NE-challenged groups. The core microbiome of those fed 500 g/MT similarly consisted of Lactobacillus and Clostridiaceae. Furthermore, challenged birds fed diets containing 500 g/MT had a higher abundance of significantly different phyla, namely, Actinobacteriota, Bacteroidota, and Verrucomicrobiota, than the 0 g/MT challenged group. Dietary supplementation of a microencapsulated blend shifted the microbiome by supporting beneficial and core taxa.


Parkin is an E3 ubiquitin ligase known to mediate mitochondrial clearance by marking damaged mitochondria for autophagy. Our lab has previously shown that Parkin is important for stress adaptation following myocardial infarction, and that loss of Parkin leads to accumulation of dysfunctional mitochondria. However, whether Parkin plays a role in cardiac adaptation to pressure overload is currently unknown. Here we investigated the functional importance of Parkin in cardiac hypertrophy and development of heart failure in response to hemodynamic stress. Wild type (WT), Parkin knock out (Parkin -/- ), and cardiac-specific Parkin transgenic (Parkin-TG) mice were subjected to trans-aortic constriction (TAC). Cardiac anatomy and function was evaluated by histology and echocardiography. Inflammation and hypertrophy gene expression profiles were assessed using qPCR and immunohistochemistry. We discovered that after 2 weeks of TAC, cardiac hypertrophy markers were not increased in hearts from Parkin -/- mice, and there was no increase in the heart weight to body weight ratio (HW/BW). However, after 8 weeks of TAC, Parkin -/- mice showed similar cardiac hypertrophy and loss of function as WT hearts. Parkin deficient hearts also displayed increased interstitial and perivascular fibrosis compared to WT hearts after 8 weeks of TAC. This suggests that there is a delay in activating the hypertrophy program in the absence of Parkin, and that lack of Parkin leads to excessive fibrosis. In contrast, Parkin-TG mice showed a rapid development of hypertrophy and progression to heart failure compared to WT mice. Interestingly, we observed no differences in either mitochondrial content or LC3 levels after two weeks of TAC in Parkin-TG hearts, suggesting that the rapid development of hypertrophy and early progression to heart failure was not due to excessive mitophagy. These data suggest that Parkin plays an important role in the activation of the cardiac hypertrophy program and that this function may be independent of its role in regulating mitophagy. Thus, this study provides novel insight into the functional importance of Parkin in the heart. Additional studies are needed to determine the mechanism of how Parkin regulates cardiac hypertrophy.


Temporary skilled migrants are frequently portrayed as mobile individuals who freely trade off short-term disadvantage in the destination country for long-term economic gains that can secure their future in the departure country. This paper examines and queries the 'trade-off' argument on the basis of recently completed research on the experiences of temporary migrant nurses on 457 visas. It challenges three assumptions that underpin the common interpretation of temporary skilled migration: a) that migration decisions are well-informed and centred on economic considerations; b) that this form of migration always results in financial returns; and c) that temporary migrants return to their departure country once these target returns have been achieved. The findings highlight the complex, contingent and evolving nature of migration decisions and the individual and structural constraints on temporary skilled migrants' agency in shaping their pathways.


Describes an integrated system capable of walking over rugged terrain using a single leg suspended below a carriage that rolls along rails. To walk, the system uses a laser scanner to find a foothold, positions the leg above the foothold, contacts the terrain with the foot, and applies force enough to advance the carriage along the rails. Walking both forward and backward, the system has traversed hundreds of meters of rugged terrain including obstacles too tall to step over, trenches too deep to step in, closely spaced rocks, and sand hills. The implemented system consists of a number of task-specific processes (two for planning, two for perception, one for real-time control) and a central control process that directs the flow of communication between processes. Implementing this integrated system is a significant step toward the goal of the CMU Planetary Rover project: to prototype a autonomous six-legged robot for planetary exploration.<<ETX>>


Review(s) of: The International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia: An Exercise in Law, Politics and Diplomacy, by Rachel Kerr (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004) 239 Pages. Price Aud$180.00 (Hardcover). ISBN 0 19 926305 1.


Relation of the type of commentary to the translated fiction and the degree of the precision of the comments has been considered in the article. Existing classifications of the commentary have been compared. Their merits and disadvantages are analyzed. The dependence of the precision of the commentary on its type and function is proved. The classification of the commentary including such types as explaining, elaborating, comparative, translating, critical has been suggested. Additional criteria of the precision of the commentary have been offered.


Vortex-induced vibration (VIV) test of a tensioned flexible pipe in oscillatory sheared flow was performed in an ocean basin. The model was 28.41 mm in diameter and 3.88 m in length. The test was performed on a rotating test rig to simulate oscillatory sheared flow conditions. One end of the test pipe is fixed, and one end is forced to harmonically oscillate to simulate oscillatory sheared flows with various combinations of amplitudes and periods, Keulegan-Carpenter ($KC$) numbers from $25$ to $160$ and five kinds of reduced velocities $Vr$ from $6$ to $14$. Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) strain sensors were arranged along the test pipe to measure bending strains, and the modal analysis approach was used to determine the VIV response. The VIV response in the cross flow (CF) direction is investigated. The results show that VIV under oscillatory sheared flow exhibit amplitude modulation and hysteresis phenomena. Compared with oscillatory uniform flow-induced VIV, the Strouhal number is smaller in oscillatory sheared flow-induced VIVs. The VIV developing process in oscillatory sheared flow is analyzed, and critical $KC$ is proposed to describe the occurrence of modulated VIV under oscillatory sheared flow.


We investigate the connection between steering and contextuality in general probabilistic theories. We show that for a class of bipartite states the steerability of the state by given set of measurements is equivalent to non-existence of preparation noncontextual hidden variable model for certain restricted theory constructed from the given state and measurements. The connection between steering and contextuality is provided by the concept of incompatibility in restricted theories, which we also investigate.


A pan-European survey of Energy Service Companies (ESCOs) carried out in 2006 pointed at signifi cant changes in some national markets over the last few years. ESCO markets across Europe show a particular degree of diversity. Some countries have a consolidated market (Hungary), in others the market is still immature without signifi cant change (Estonia, Portugal), is just taking off the ground (Greece, Ireland) or is undergoing expansion (Italy, Austria), even boom (Czech Republic). Th e present paper reviews the status of the ESCO market on a country-by-country basis, building on the "Energy Service Companies in Europe – Status Report 2005", published by the European Commission DG Joint Research Center. Th e ESCO Status Report 2005 gave an overview of the ESCO concept, and a synopsis of the state-of-the-art in the EU Member States and Candidate Countries. Th e present work aims at investigating the specifi c situation in each Member State of the enlarged European Union (EU27)1 in greater depth, and adds a description of new Candidate Countries (Croatia and Turkey), and other European countries (Norway, Switzerland, non-EU SouthEastern Europe and the European part of the Commonwealth of Independent States), adding up to a review of 40 countries. 1. Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithiuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovenia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, the UK Th e paper provides an overview of national ESCO market indicators, such as the number of ESCOs, market size estimates, most common project types and preferred clients. Based on these, recent developments on the national ESCO markets are analyzed; the analysis sheds light on the drivers of change and specifi c barriers and factors behind the success for ESCO markets. Based on the fi ndings of the survey, an analysis is made of the role and status of ESCOs, and recommendations are proposed on how to promote ESCO markets. Introduction Energy effi ciency (EE) has a crucial role to play in low-carbon energy systems (BASE 2006, EC Research 2006) and bears major signifi cance in battling the triple challenge of energy security, climate change and economic development stipulated as major EU objectives in the 2005 Green Paper on Energy Effi ciency (EC DG TREN 2005) and the subsequent 2006 Action Plan (EC 2006) (Perrels et al. 2006, EC DG Research 2006, EC TREN 2006, UKACE 2000)2. According to the International Energy Agency (2006) the world is currently on an unsustainable energy path with increasing greenhouse-gas emissions, energy insecurity and risks of supply disruptions, while the EE sector is at the same time under-invested compared to its immense economic potential. Energy Service Companies (ESCOs) have been long considered as a crucial instrument for delivering improved energy effi ciency and contributing to potentially substantial energy 2. The Energy Effi ciency Action Plan (EC 2006) puts forward 20 % reduction potential of energy consumption for Europe by 2020. Kiss, Benigna Bertoldi, Paolo Rezessy, Silvia


Visual symptoms are frequently reported in Parkinson's disease. Weil et al.. relate visual changes to underlying brain regions, and consider mechanisms for visual hallucinations. They examine links between visual changes and other features of Parkinson's disease and discuss the role of visual dysfunction as a marker of dementia.


The purpose of the KAP Study was to determine the community perceptions in terms of malaria cause, prevention and treatment, and also to find out the extent of bed net use and the factors associated with the net use. The study was carried out in two malaria hyper-endemic districts of Sarpang and Samdrup Jongkhar covering four rural areas and two urban areas with 250 households and 1415 members. 92% of the household members sleep under a mosquito net. 87% of the nets are treated with insecticides. And 35.6% of the respondent had encountered some problem in using the treated nets, primarily as skin irritation. A total of 81 persons (5.7%) were diagnosed and treated for malaria in 2001. On an average 19.6% of the households had at least one member who had malaria in the past 12 months. The gewogs of Chuzagang and Bangtar had one third of their households with at least one member contracting malaria. Farmers and household with more than 6 members had more than two times the risk of having a household with malaria compared with other variables. Also households where they know malaria can be dangerous, if they are sure neighbour had malaria and using preventive measure other than nets then the risk of getting malaria is comparatively high. Probably this indicates that people must be living in high incidence areas except from usage Principal Researcher, Health Research and Epidemiology Unit, Ministry of Health. Any correspondence with regard to this study should be addressed to the Principal Researcher. ** Dr. Nado Zangpo was then Program Manager for Malaria Programme. *** Research Adviser to Health Ministry. Journal of Bhutan Studies 136 other than nets. The results are also significant when tested in a multivariate statistical model. 35.6% of the respondents had encountered some problem in using the treated nets, primarily as skin irritation. This survey points that it should be possible to reduce side effects substantially in Bhutan too. This may be very critical to the program if it means that people will stop using nets because of the side effects. It is suggested that awareness and prevention should be more differentiated on how to protect, and when to protect at all places. It should be considered whether delay plays an important role for malaria morbidity and mortality in Bhutan, and if more efficient measures could be implemented to prevent mortality and severe morbidity especially in localities where falciparium incidences are increasing.


In this paper, a large scale the medium-voltage DC (MVDC) all-electric ship (AES) integrated power system (IPS) is modeled. The MVDC IPS includes all main elements of the chain, i.e. from power generators to control units down to electric motors. The parameters for the electric motors are converted from the 15-phase induction motor used in the large scale AC IPS and the inverter is modeled by the averaging methods to suit system-level studies. Finally, both feasibility and effectiveness of this new modeling method of MVDC IPS are verified by PSCAD.


This article touches upon the topic of the relationship between national identity and works of art. The author focuses on cinema as one of the most massively consumed and popular forms of art of our time. To uncover this subject matter, the cinema of the USA, USSR and modern Russia are considered. By the example of different movements of various periods of moviemaking in these countries, one can feel the mood and make sense of the views and values of an era in which a picture was created. Thus, films become visual markers of modernity, which allow subsequent generations to find a connection with their past. That, of course, is an important part of the process of forming a national identity.
In addition, the author describes how Hollywood conservative cinema of the 40s and 50s differs from the American cinema of the New Hollywood of the 60s and 70s, which was characterized by greater frankness in covering certain topics and problems. Also, the article touches upon how Hollywood returned to traditional values in the eighties during the presidency of Ronald Reagan.
Furthermore, as an example of how movies capture the zeitgeist the author cites soviet movies of the Thaw and of the Era of Stagnation. Also, this study uncovers the problem of the insolvency of modern Russian cinema in comparison with the Soviet movie industry in relation to its place in the mass consciousness of Russian people and its cultural significance.
The author also writes about how the shortcomings of the state management of the modern Russian industry impede the creation of more films that can affect formation of national identity.


For video on demand bandwidth allocation problem,joint channel bandwidth scheduling based on static bandwidth prediction-PBHS (Prediction Based Hybrid Schedule) algorithm is proposed in this paper.This algorithm takes advantage of both IP and DVB bandwidth resources to realize adaptive admission to VOD videos of different characteristics (bandwidth,duration,popularity).It consists of two parts:non-limited and limited bandwidth algorithms.The former is based on steady-state bandwidth,bandwidth requirements can be reduced by about 20% than popularity based bandwidth scheduling algorithm,and the latter one is based on allocation performance factor,comparing with popularity-based bandwidth scheduling algorithm,which not only reduce user rejection rate but also deterministically deny requests for certain videos.


Benz[a]azulene (1) is synthesized in five steps (cf. Scheme 2) starting from commercially available 2-iodobenzyl alcohol (4) and tropylium tetrafluoroborate in an overall yield of 44%. The key step (cf. also Scheme 1) is the intramolecular Heck reaction of the 8-phenylsulfonyl-substituted heptafulvene 7, which leads in nearly quantitative yield directly to 10-(phenylsulfonyl)benz[a]azulene (8). The desulfonylation of 8 can be accomplished by Julia's method with Na2S2O4/NaHCO3 in DMF/H2O at 85–90°, thus leading to pure 1 in 78% yield. The phenylation of 8 with PhLi or PhCul at −78° in THF occurs regioselectively at C(9). Dehydrogenation of the formed dihydroazulenes with o-chloroanil in toluene at room temperature gives 9-phenyl-10-(phenylsulfonyl)-benz[a]azulene (9) in 70% yield (cf. Scheme 3), which, again, can be desulfonylated with Na2S2O4/NaHCO3 in DMF/H2O in good yields. The addition of PhLi to 1 in THF occurs at temperatures ⩾ −25°. Ionic dehydrogenation (1. Ph3C+BF/MeCN; 2. Et3N) of the dihydro forms leads to 3, as the main product, and its positional isomers.


In July 1568, a nun was denounced to the episcopal inquisition of Mexico City. Elena de Ia Cruz, was a professed nun in the prestigious Nuestra Senora de la Concepcion and a member of one of Mexico's most important families. She was charged with heretical propositions: namely, that she proposed limits to the powers of the papacy and church hierarchy, including Alonso de Montufar, the archbishop of Mexico. Elena's heretical words also took added meaning from contemporary religious crisis and reform. Some of the nun's conceptions vaguely suggested Lutheranism. More importantly, she seemed to deny the ability of the Council of Trent to carry out its programme of reform. Tridentine reformers were attempting to bring monasteries of women under the control of male religious leaders — and Montufar was trying to bring regular clergy in general under episcopal governance. Elena's views threatened these efforts. The essay argues that Elena's daring to speak on matters of doctrine was a form of gender treason; she also read forbidden books and attempted to find her own path to salvation. In the late sixteenth century, a woman who took this path was immediately suspect. Beatas, nuns, and laywomen had paid dearly for this error in Spain. Unlike many heretic nuns, though, Elena renounced her beliefs almost immediately when challenged by her abbess, and she showed no courage of conviction before the male inquisitors. Nonetheless, formal charges were prepared and followed through in meticulous detail. In charging Elena, Montufar was nipping womanly insubordination in the bud, before it could infect the entire convent. But if gender was part of what made Elena so dangerous, it was also what saved her skin. Elena's lawyers were able to use the topos of the weak, ignorant, misled woman to explain their client's deviation from the path of order and obedience. Hispanic gender ideologies made it possible to frame Elena's crime in terms of treason and disorder, but also provided an opportunity for the nun's reincorporation into society. The paper argues that Elena's trial provides an opportunity to examine the ambiguities of gender prescription and what we might call "role enforcement". The tension between corporate protection of women and fear of their potential for disorder is played out throughout the trial. Elena's triumph, if such it can be called, is to appeal to the former.


Objective To evaluate the clinic effect of pulsed dye laser treated for plateau people facial telangiectasia.Methods Three hundreds and seventy-two plateau people facial telangiectasia patients were treated by pulsed dye laser(595nm).The parameters were adjusted according to the disease severity.The suitable energy density was that could make the lesions present gray or occur purpura instantly.10%~30% light spot overlap was promised.Results After 1~3 times treatment,the 372 patients were all have wonderful results,the expand vessel were all disappear.The effective rate was 100%.There was no skin injury,and there was obvious additional effect of skin whitening,pores astringent and skin rejuvenation.Conclusion 595nm pulsed dye laser is a safe,effective method on treating plateau people facial telangiectasia.


Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is a common procedure for the management of colorectal liver metastases. RFA‐generated lesions are surrounded by a rim of hypoxia that is associated with aggressive outgrowth of intrahepatic micrometastases. Hypoxia‐activated prodrugs such as tirapazamine are designed selectively to induce apoptosis in tumour cells under hypoxic conditions. Therefore, it was hypothesized that tirapazamine may have therapeutic value in limiting hypoxia‐associated tumour outgrowth following RFA.


The gas-phase enthalpies of formation (ΔfH298o) of 57 aliphatic nitro compounds and nitramines (mono- and polynitro compounds including cyclic compounds and well-known explosives such as hexogen, octogen, and CL-20) were calculated using the Gaussian-4 (G4) theory applied to the atomization and isodesmic reaction energies. The ΔfH298o (g) values calculated from the atomization reactions were underestimated by an average of 10 kJ·mol–1, and they could not be used for the assessment of inaccuracies in the experimental enthalpies of formation. Much better agreement between theory and experiment was obtained using the isodesmic reaction procedure. Several isodesmic reactions were investigated for each compound. Evidence of high accuracy of most experimental data was provided by the agreement with theoretical results. The differences between the calculated and the experimental enthalpies of formation in the range from (8 to 53) kJ·mol–1 were assigned to possible errors in the experimental values for 17 compoun...


The noise exposures of orchestra players from the canadian Opera Company (COC) during rehersals and performance of two operas were examined. The noise exposure obtained considers only the activity of the musicians with the COC, i.e., rehersals, dress rehearsals and performances. Although the noise exposure was found to be below the safety limit, the combination of other activities could result in exposure higher than the limit, posing risk of hearing loss.


In this work, a rigorous approach for the design of a differential coupled-line directional coupler (DCLDC) implemented in double-side coplanar-waveguide (CPW) technology is presented. Due to the double symmetry of the structure, it is possible to obtain the coupling level and port characteristic impedances of the coupler in a simple and efficient way. In addition, due to the broadside coupling of the involved differential CPW lines, a wide range of coupling levels can be covered. Design curves relating the geometrical parameters of the structure to the electrical parameters of the DCLDC are provided, and a 3-dB coupler with an impedance of $50~\Omega $ at the terminal ports has been designed, fabricated, and measured. Common-mode (CM) transmission to both through and coupled output ports has been reduced by adding a simple and compact CM filter at the input port. The good agreement between the results obtained with EM simulation, transmission line models, and measurements confirms the benefits of the proposed structure and the suitability of the design procedure.


By the mid-sixteenth century, printer itinerancy had become rare in France. The book trade had developed a stable modus operandi in which well-funded printers in the main centres of print met virtually all the needs of enterprising booksellers throughout the kingdom. The author saws the difficulties that the book trade faced during this turbulent period and how this encouraged printers to become more mobile. The author shows that the arrival of the printing presses in the kingdom of France had seen many master printers set up workshops in towns, villages and monasteries on a purely temporary basis. The wars of religion presented both opportunities and dangers for Protestant printers. For Catholics, itinerancy mainly occurred during the wars of the Catholic League and resulted from political views that were incompatible with the consensus predominant amongst local authorities. Keywords:Catholic league; France; political scene; printer itinerancy; religion; sixteenth century; wars


Lotus has a long history and is widely distributed.The distribution of wild lotus in Heilongjiang province was briefly introduced in this paper,a brief analysis of the functions of Lotus and garden applications were conducted,and all people were called on to protect this precious wildlife resources so that it could live in harmony with humanity and the earth coexistence.


With the development of automobile industry, the tail gas of motor vehicles is one of major air pollution sources. Effects of nano-TiO_(2) photocatalytic oxidation immobilized on road surface materials on nitrogen oxides were investigated. Results show that the photocatalyst immobilized on concrete exhibits excellent photocatalysis, while the photocatalysis of bituminous mixture is poor. Differences between concrete and bituminous admixture as carriers in the adsorb-ability of molecule to air on surface, the light absorption and the light transmissibility are discussed. Moreover the mechanism model for photocatalytic oxidation of nitrogen oxides by supportive nano-TiO_(2) photocatalyst is put forward.


The modern information systems market offers a large number of software products for the management of medical assets. Therefore, the substantiation for the criteria for selecting information systems is relevant area of decision-making policy for the management of the medical-military organisation. The purpose of the study was to substantiate the criteria. The materials of the study include the works of Russian scientists in the sphere of organizing civil and military healthcare, managing medical property resources, the methodology of sociological research, and other scientific, methodological, and reference literature on the topic of the study, as well as questionnaires completed by experts. Structural-functional, system and problem analysis, statistical methods of analysis, methods of sociological research, methods of comparison and description, and logical analysis were used during the research. The sociological study was carried out on the basis of the S.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy of the pharmaceutical profile departments and consisted of two stages: the formation of an initial list of criteria based on the results of content analysis and problem analysis; expert assessment according to the Delphi method in several stages (rounds). As a result of the study, the criteria for selecting an information system for managing medical assets in military medical organizations are substantiated. At the same time, a simple in implementation and subsequent statistical processing method with reliable results that can be used for making a decision on the selection of an information system, taking into account the specifics of each military medical organization, has been substantiated and applied.


Abstract A series of complexes, [Cu2(n-dap)] (ClO4)3X mH2O (n = 2,3,4,5, and 6; m = 1∼4; X = ClO4 or Cl), [Cu2− (n-dfp)] (ClO4)3X mH2O(n = 2,3,4,5, and 6; m = 1∼4; X = ClO4 or Cl), and [Ni2(n-dap)] (ClO4)4mH2O(n =3, m = l; n = 4, m = 0) were prepared (for the abbreviation of the ligand see Fig. 1). ESR and magnetic measurements showed that weak antiferromagnetic interaction is operating between the two copper(II) ions. The interaction decreases with increasing length of the methylene chain.


Oral leukoplakia is the most common precancerous lesion of the oral mucosa. WHO defined it as a lesion which has a white patch or plaque on the oral mucosa that cannot be removed by scraping and cannot be classified clinically or microscopically as another disease process. Management of oral leukoplakia should begin with elimination of predisposing habit. There are currently different approaches in the management of Leukoplakia such as scalpel surgery, systemic carotenoids and antioxidants, electro cauterization, cryotherapy and Lasers. Even though on-surgical options are preferred choice of treatment, it takes time to achieve complete regression of lesion and sometimes may not achieve complete resolution. On the other hand, conventional surgical techniques are invasive and cause trauma to the patient. Excision of precancerous oral lesions using LASER offers comparative advantages over traditional scalpel excision. Laser is an acronym for Light Amplification by stimulated emission of radiation. It is surgical technique which excises the targeted tissue using emission of a monochromatic light of specific wavelength. Because of this property, laser excision of the tissue results in complete bloodless field of surgery, reduced chances of post-surgical inflammation and infections and hence better treatment compliance of the patients towards the surgery. This is one of the important goals for management of oral potentially malignant disorders. We present two case reports of homogeneous leukoplakia treated using diode lasers of wavelength 810nm with follow-up. Both cases did not report any post-operative discomfort or inflammation. The aim of this case report is to highlight the importance of laser excision with minimal complications and better treatment outcomes.


ABSTRACT Bosch's position among the German major corporations was special during the Third Reich. The company was not only the biggest German automotive supplier, but also a family enterprise with a conspicuous corporate culture that rested on the principles of its founder Robert Bosch. Robert Bosch's principles were irreconcilable with the Nazi ideology. Bosch's top management, therefore, found itself in an increasingly difficult balancing act between business interests and adherence to its values. In this article we ask what room for manoeuvre Bosch had under these conditions and how its top management acted. Apparently, the firm was able to retain considerable room for manoeuvre in internal matters, especially its personnel policy, and used it in the interest of its Jewish employees. At the same time, Bosch's armament production expanded vigorously. Bosch was a key manufacturer in the German war economy. During the last war years, the enterprise betrayed its principles in the treatment of its slave labourers, when at the same time members of the top management actively supported the resistance against Hitler. The example of Bosch demonstrates that the business of the enterprise during the Third Reich followed the structure of the market, and not the principles of its management.


Systems biology explains how higher level properties of complex biological systems arise from the interactions among their parts. This requires a combination of concepts from many disciplines, including biology, computer science, applied mathematics, physics and engineering. The importance and its various implementations in various fields like proteomics, genomics, metabolomics, docking studies etc., recent works and advancements are portrayed in this review article.


This paper considers whether or not in Tanzania, ethnicity conditions access to health and nutrition during childhood and adolescence. We estimate height-augmented Mincerian earnings functions with data from the 2004 Tanzanian Household Worker Survey. Instrumental variable parameter estimates reveal that when the effects of unobserved investments in health and nutrition during childhood and adolescence on adult height are accounted for, the labor market return on height varies across ethnic groups in our sample. This suggests that in Tanzania ethnicity is a constraint on effective health care policy as there is ethnic discrimination in the provision of health and nutrition investment during childhood and adolescence that constrains adult height, living standards and economic growth. As such, public health policy in sub-Saharan Africa could potentially be more effective through reforms that eliminate any ethnic bias in the provision of health capital during childhood/adolescence.


PURPOSE: To prevent a curtain from being creased when the curtain composed of parallel fabric sheets interconnected by a series of spaced vanes is wound up by forming a recessed section between the curtain and the take-up roller of the curtain by providing at least three projections on the surface of the roller and attaching an elastic clip to the roller. CONSTITUTION: Projections 12, 16, and 24 are provided on the surface of a roller 120 which is inserted into the space formed of the vanes 64 of a curtain composed of parallel fabric sheets 60 and 62 interconnected by a series of spaced vanes 64 at peripheral intervals of about 120°. Then a clip 30 made of an elastic material is attached to the outside of the roller 10. In addition, a recessed section which does not press a buckling section produced when the curtain having different lengths is wound up is formed. Therefore, the creasing of the curtain can be prevented. COPYRIGHT: (C)1994,JPO


Vegetative propagation requires greater control over the substrate, having a qualitative and quantitative reflection within the entire seedlings production chain until the planting. This work aimed to evaluate the rooting and quality of clonal eucalyptus seedlings grown on three different commercial substrates with and without hydrogel incorporation. The research was carried out at the nursery of the R&S Florestal company, Planaltina, Federal District. For producing the seedlings, the following commercial substrates were used: Vivatto Slim Plus, Bioplant and Tropstrato Florestal, with and without hydrogel (2 g L-1), Forth Gel, and the genetic material (mini-cuttings) used was the clone VM01. A completely randomized design was used, with six treatments in a 3x2 factorial scheme (three types of substrate x presence and absence of hydrogel), with four replications. At 35 days after cutting, the rooting of the mini-cuttings was evaluated, and the seedlings development was evaluated at 101 DAE. The hydrogel efficiency for improving the rooting quality of mini-cuttings and seedlings development depends on the physical and chemical properties of the substrates.


The most moving,expressive art with strong vitality has national distinct.The Chinese elements profoundly reflects and inherits the deep and sincere culture as well as the national spirits of intelligence,simple and perseverance.The facial makeup in operas,water ink drawing,Dunhuang fresco and so on are the essence elements in Chinese traditional culture.They have strong national characteristics,uniqueness and localization.They not only play an important role in cartoon design,but also build the true soul for cartoon roles.


Objective We used bedside long-term electroencephalogram (EEG) to observe the patterns of eletroencephalograms (EEGs) and classify the EEGs according to Young's electroencephalographic classification system in patients with critical cerebral vascular disease (CCVD). The aim of this study was to investigate the predictive value and accuracy of EEG's classification, so that we could establish an objective, accurate and immediate indicator to assess cerebral function and prognosis. Methods All the 30 patients suffered from critical cerebral vascular disease in the distribution of carotid artery system. EEGs classification and Glasgow-Pittsburgh coma scale (GCS-P) were dynamically recorded at the bedside with CCVD occurred in 8~72 hours, patient alone with GCS8 were admitted. Using discriminant analysis, the predictability of outcome was calculated. Results Cases with the classification of grade Ⅰ showed that the mortality was 38.1%, and those with the classification of Ⅰa was 29.4% and Ⅰb was 75%. All the patients with the classification of Ⅲb or higher died. We found that only GCS-P and EEG classification were reliably predictive for outcome. EEG and GCS-P classification could correctly classified 92.31% and 84.62% of the patients into good outcome groups; while they could classified 70.59% and 70.59% of the patients into bad outcome groups. Combined them could not increase prognostic accuracy. Conclusion EEG classification was excellent outcome predictors in CCVD. EEG classification could accurately classify 92.31% of the patients into good outcome group. The dynamic observation of EEG classification was the determinant factor for prognosis, especially for the patients with EEG classification Ⅰa or Ⅰb.


Elastic scattering cross sections were calculated for He- He interactions at thermal energies. The calculation is based on a potential constructed by joining a short-range repulsion via a Morse function to a long- range attraction. The results are illustrated graphically. The experimental Q's were higher than the predicted values. (P.C.H.)


The typical Lebanese classroom is teacher centered, whereby the teacher is respected and is considered to be the bearer of all information. Student centered teaching methods are not in the Lebanese teacher expectations and the usual teacher- student relationships in that learner are not expected to assume responsibility for their educational development by taking a center-stage role in their own learning process. This paper aims to highlight the issues that prevent teachers from adopting a student- centered teaching method. A small scale survey from 100 teachers of 10 different schools selected from various areas in Lebanon was undertaken. The survey results were compared and tested in order to evaluate the reason for not adapting student centered instruction in the Lebanese schools.


THE INVENTION RELATES TO A METHOD AND DEVICE FOR MOTOR PROTECTION OF ENGINE-COMPRESSOR HERMETIC. The INVENTION IS TO CREATE, OUTSIDE ALL MOTOR-COMPRESSOR, EQUIVALENCE OR IMAGE THERMAL ENGINE AND A PLACE IN THE EQUIVALENT HEAT CLASSIC THERMOSTAT 2 ACCUMULATION THERMAL OBTAINED AT THE SAME THERMOSTAT ESTABLISHING A DELAY IN COOLING THIS THERMOSTAT, OR FOR PROTECTION WITH ENGINE A RESET TIMES HIGHER IN COOLING TIME RESISTANCE USED CTP 1. THE iNVENTION APPLIES, OF GENERAL, MACHINERY AND FACILITIES INCLUDING AN ENGINE-COMPRESSOR HERMETIC.


In view of the exploding distribution of digitized audio material, computer-based methods have become indispensable for processing and analyzing the content of music signals. To evaluate analysis results obtained by automated methods, one requires manually generated highquality labeled data and the feedback by music experts. In this paper, we introduce various novel functionalities for a user interface that opens up new possibilities for viewing, comparing, interacting, and evaluating analysis results within a multi-perspective framework and bridges the gap between signal processing and music sciences. Here, we exploit the fact that a given piece of music may have multiple, closely-related sources of information including different audio recordings and score-like MIDI representations. Our interface then allows a user to interactively generate unifying views of the analysis results across the available music representations. Disclosing musically relevant consistencies and inconsistencies, these views not only afford new evaluation and navigation possibilities but also deepen a user's understanding of the underlying musical material.


We propose PowerAlert, an efficient external integrity checker for untrusted hosts. Current attestation systems suffer from shortcomings in requiring complete checksum of the code segment, being static, use of timing information sourced from the untrusted machine, or use of timing information with high error (network round trip time). We address those shortcomings by (1) using power measurements from the host to ensure that the checking code is executed and (2) checking a subset of the kernel space over a long period of time. We compare the power measurement against a learned power model of the execution of the machine and validate that the execution was not tampered. Finally, power diversifies the integrity checking program to prevent the attacker from adapting. We implement a prototype of PowerAlert using Raspberry pi and evaluate the performance of the integrity checking program generation. We model the interaction between PowerAlert and an attacker as a game. We study the effectiveness of the random initiation strategy in deterring the attacker. The study shows that \power forces the attacker to trade-off stealthiness for the risk of detection, while still maintaining an acceptable probability of detection given the long lifespan of stealthy attacks.


Locally linear embedding (LLE) has recently been proposed as a powerful algorithm for unsupervised learning and dimensional data reduction. For a first time we apply LLE to a problem of medical data analysis. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is considered as an essential imaging modality in the detection and classification of breast cancer. In dynamic contrast enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) the data set of each patient is composed of a sequence of images and each data point in the image is associated with one time-series feature vector. Our results show that LLE is capable of revealing the heterogeneity of malignant tumors from the data structure of DCE-MRI signals.


Abstract The author's main objective is to define the level of development of the tourism function of the Teutonic Order castles found in the area of contemporary Poland. The author has taken into account both well-preserved and renovated castles, as well as those in a state of ruin. In order to achieve his goal, he analysed forms of castle development and numbers of tourists, which is the main measure of the tourism function. The final stage of the research was to define the tourism rank of the castles studied.


ANNUAL REPORT OF INSURANCE ACTS CO.MITTE. ... ... 218 by the Naval and Military Committee ... ... ... 231 UNEMPLOYMENT AND CONTINUANCE IN MEDICAL BENEFIT ... 219 CURRENT NOTES: THE CAIATND FEE IN.. MEDICAL ...E... F... ... 219 NNWORK OF THE NAVAL AND MILITARY AND THE INDIAN MAEDICAL THE CAPITATION "EE .. .220. ... ... SERVICES COMIMIITTEE ... ... .... ...227 REFERENCES TO REGIONAL MEDICAL OFFICER. . 221 ASSOCIATION ... ... ... * 227 RANGE OF SERVICE ............. ... ... ... ... ... ... 222 M\1EETI-\NGS OF BRANCHES AND DINTISIONS... 228


Lipophilicity is an extremely important molecular property which has frequently been used in QSAR studies and in the design of new drugs with the required biological activity. Determination of lipophilicity is based on partition of a neutral substance between aqueous and non-aqueous phases under equilibrium conditions; these conditions represent the phase boundary in biological membranes. Lipophilicity is then expressed by the logarithm of the partition coefficient, log P, determined in the reference system n-octanol–water [1]. In addition to the traditional shake-flask method lipophilicity can be determined by chromatographic techniques, especially reversed-phase thinlayer chromatography (RP TLC) [2–5] and high-performance liquid chromatography (RP HPLC) [6, 7]. Determination of lipophilicity by partition chromatography is based on the linear relationship between log k values and φ [%, v/v], the volume fraction of organic solvent in the mobile phase, as described by eq. (1) [4–7]:


Having one or more grooves extending along at least a portion of the length of the screw, the screw for use in vertebral members. The grooves are dimensioned to accommodate bone growth material. Further, a portion of the length of the screw may comprise a thread to aid in insertion and fixation of the screw into the vertebral members. In use, the bone growth material is packed into one or more grooves. Once packed, the screws may be inserted to a predetermined depth into the vertebral members. In the depth, the groove provides a bone growth material to which can occur bone growth position. .FIELD 1


Background: Pronouns are known to be often missing from the spontaneous speech production of Broca's aphasic patients. Null subject pronouns are found in nonfinite utterances. These structures may result from the underspecification of the Tense head and the unavailability of Nominative case for a subject. It is not clear, though, whether null subject pronouns are restricted only to nonfinite structures. Aims: The paper investigates the occurrence of null subject pronouns in finite sentences of Broca's patients. A detailed study into the syntactic and distributional properties of finite null subjects will reveal their nature and origin in aphasic speech production. Methods & Procedures: The spontaneous speech of 13 Dutch patients was investigated. The following variables were included: finiteness (finite versus nonfinite utterances), sentence position (initial versus non‐initial position), and type of pronoun (personal versus demonstrative pronoun). The speech production of the patients was contrasted to n...


Many open-water habitats that provide Essential Fish Habitat functions are also thought to be particularly susceptible to dredging project impacts. Evidence exists, however, that placement of dredged material in open-water environments can result in viable ? even enhanced ? habitat attributes and functions for fish, shellfish and benthic invertebrates. For example offshore dredged material placement sites are often used extensively as recreational fishing areas. Dredged material can also be used to restore degraded fish habitat, such as to fill artificial pits holes, and depressions that are scattered throughout a majority of estuaries and coastal embayments. Studies dating back to the 1960s have shown that these artificial pits periodically or chronically have poor water quality conditions and consequently represent degraded fish habitat. Several factors contributing to the degraded habitat within the pits include both low dissolved oxygen and high hydrogen sulfide concentrations, particularly during summer months. A major contributing factor to potentially poor water quality in dredged holes is hypoxia or anoxia resulting from accumulation of organic material, poor tidal flushing, and water column stratification. In 2011, the Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC) conducted a joint study with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Mobile District to assess habitat quality of two dredged holes designated Brookley and Airport Holes, located in upper Mobile Bay, Alabama. Seasonal conditions in both borrow pits were assessed in terms of water quality, benthic invertebrate community structure, and fishery resource assemblage composition and borrow pit utilization patterns. Water quality data indicated hypoxic/anoxic conditions were present during spring and summer with dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations less than 2.5 mg/L (< 30% saturation) at depths of 4 m, falling to near 0.0 mg/L at depths greater than 5 m. During fall, lowest DO concentrations were slightly lower than 3 mg/l at water depths greater than 4.5 m. Haloclines were present during both spring and fall sampling events. Benthic macroinvertebrates were sampled by Ponar grab seasonally to evaluate recruitment and community structure. Thirty-eight taxa were collected over the course of the three sampling events. The average number of animals/sample (abundance) of natural bottoms was generally twice that of Airport Hole and nearly twenty-five times greater than Brookley Hole. Average number of taxa per sample at stations in natural bottoms was two to four times greater than at stations in both Airport and Brookley Holes. Benthic assemblages were dominated by polychaetous annelids. The capitellid polychaetes of the genus Mediomastus was the most abundant taxon comprising 52% of all specimens collected. Fishery hydroacoustic surveys were used to assess temporal and spatial distributions of fishes by site and


Damage to proppant packs is known to negatively impact well productivity. The damage is often the result of inadequate degradation of the polymers used to viscosity fracturing fluids. Gel breakers are used to degrade the polymer by cleaving the macro-molecule into smaller fragments, ideally to a size which can easily be produced during load recovery. Fluid viscosity reduction is commonly used to gauge polymer degradation. However, although viscosity reduction indicates polymer degradation, it is misleading to conclude that this reduced viscosity equates to improved fracture conductivity. Polymer fragments which are desolublized from the gelled fluid no longer contribute to fluid viscosity but do, unfortunately contribute significantly to proppant pack damage. Several new breaker technologies have been introduced in efforts to improve polymer degradation, and hence, improve fracture conductivity and ultimately well productivity. Many production case histories have been offered as evidence of the utility of the new technologies to improve well productivity. However, the facility to quantitatively determine the polymer degrading efficiency of the breakers has heretofore been lacking. Laboratory procedures, both wet chemical and instrumental, have recently been developed to address characterization of the relative degrading efficiency of the various breakers and breaking mechanisms. The analysis of the combinedmore » data provide both a qualitative size distribution, as well as a quantitative profile of the polymer fragments. Extensive studies were conducted employing the new procedures to compare the degrading efficiency of various oxidative and enzymatic breakers. Detailed analysis of the results are provided.« less


Contact element for a connector device electrical plug, wherein the contact element comprises: made of an electrically conductive material, - a first end shaped segment (102), - and a segment of elongate housing formed (101) defining a longitudinal axis and is intended for mechanical and electrical coupling or receipt of a counter contact - counter-shaped with respect to the contact element - a connector plug device to match with the connector device electrical outlet, - in wherein the segment of the elongated housing extending substantially cylindrical shape from the first end segment (102) and wherein the first end segment and the segment elongated cylindrical housing are formed without seams or joints cutting shaping electrically conductive via at least one force acting predominantly Direccio n parallel the longitudinal axis, and at least the housing segment obtained by forming the electrically conductive material formed along the longitudinal axis a cylindrical inner space covered by the electrically conductive material shaped and closed end opposite the first end segment in the segment elongated cylindrical housing, characterized in that at the first end segment (102) is welded via weld or input a connection mechanism for mechanical and electrical coupling or for receiving an electrical connection conductor, so that the contact element provides a contact pin completely closed.


Abstract : One key to the Army's success in transformation will be a solid process for concept development. The Army needs a means to generate, elaborate, refine, describe, test, and validate new concepts relating to doctrine, tactics, techniques, procedures, unit and team organization, job allocation, training, leader development, and other aspects of technology integration. One approach is to construct an environment that transforms the scale in which situations can be presented realistically and to develop, within that environment, a set of tools that can be used to explore selected command group functional performance issues in a methodical fashion. Two tools, a scaled-world tool and a concept-development tool, were designed and developed. In addition, six scaled-world events and 10 concept-development sessions were produced. The scaled-world events and concept-development sessions were formatively evaluated. Based on the evaluation results, it appears that both tools have value for concept identification and concept development. Feedback on both tools was very positive and generally met the project objectives. In addition, future directions for improvements to and use of the synthetic task components are discussed in terms of short-term and long-term requirements and possibilities.


Medical tests provide important clinical information on patients and serve as the first step toward successful clinical diagnosis and treatments. Generally, medical tests start with a routine physical examination (known as checkup), which measures patient temperature, blood pressure, pulse, etc., to gather basic knowledge of the patients' physical status [1]. Besides these preliminary tests, in vivo diagnostics and in vitro diagnostics (IVDs) are the two more sophisticated types of tests performed to obtain more specific patient information. In vivo diagnostics are the tests performed on live bodies. These tests mainly include radiological imaging [2], such as X-ray radiography, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography (PET), computed tomography (CT), etc., and tests that are performed by administering a diagnostic agent and measuring the body response, such as penicillin skin test, gluten challenge test, etc. These tests have been the primary tests for the diagnosis of many diseases such as tumor and allergy. However, because these tests act directly on the body, some may be invasive and have side effects. For example, X-ray radiography generates ionized radiation. When performed at high dosages during pregnancy, it comes with the risk of miscarriage and birth defects [3]. The associated risks must be adequately assessed before prescribing these tests. In contrast, IVDs are the tests performed on bodily samples, such as blood, saliva, urine, tissue biopsy, etc., taken outside the body. Glucose test, which is normally performed by extracting a blood sample and analyzing the blood glucose concentration, is one of the most commonly seen IVD tests in daily life. Compared to in vivo diagnostics, these tests do not directly contact the body and thus have much lower associated risks. As such, IVD has a much wider range of tests with more flexibility on the instrumentation techniques. It has been estimated


Distribution in led to the fact that many countries have begun to apply the anti-crisis program aimed at mitigating the adverse impact of the crisis, or are considering the possibility of their application for 2008, the financial crisis that began in the United States, other countries, the emergence of the crisis in the real sector. The most widely used traditional countercyclical measures of monetary (lower interest rates) and fiscal policy (tax cuts and increased government spending). If monetary policy is centralized at the national level, the adoption of fiscal policies in federal states require coordination between different levels of the budget system.


: Objective: To identify the profile of work accidents involving the nursing team in hospitals. Method: A systematic literature review study conducted in the first semester of 2019. The main databases in the health area were searched: Medline/PubMed and LILACS, from 2009 to 2019. Re-sults: Fifty-seven scientific articles were analyzed. Among the most prevalent types of accidents evidenced by the studies analyzed, accidents with piercing-cutting materials and biological materials were observed, with a prevalence of 63% and 38%, respectively. Accidents with exposure to chemical agents were pointed out in only two studies, 3.57%. In 81.2% of the studies, accidents associated with ergonomic risks were shown to be less prevalent. Conclusion: There was a predominance of work accidents involving sharp materials and biological materials. This factor corroborates the reflection of the need for strategies to contain this alarming statistical data, with the objective of contributing to the improvement of the quality of life of professionals at work.


microfibrils are found in most organ systems and are abundant in ocular, cardiovascular, and skeletal tissues. Microfibrils always provide the outer mantle of elastic fibers where they play a crucial role in the biogenesis and homeostasis of these fibers. Microfibrils are also found in the absence of elastin in many tissues including the ciliary zonules in the Microfibrils are supramolecular protein complexes composed of >20 different components with fibrillins being the most important building blocks. The fibrillin family of proteins consists of 3 highly homologous large proteins ( B 350 kDa), fibrillin-1, fibrillin-2, and fibrillin-3, all encoded by different genes. Fibrillin-1 has been identified as one of the components of the lenticular exfoliation material.


Abstract We fabricated aggregates of cholesteric cylinders coexisting with the isotropic phase and investigated their dynamics under a temperature gradient. Each constituent cylinder possessed the double-twist (DT) structure, and when a heat flux was applied, the whole aggregates rotated as a rigid-body without changing the DT orientation. The angular velocity was proportional to the heat flux and the rotational direction was determined by the molecular chirality and the flux direction. The result suggests that the rigid-body rotation was driven by the thermomechanical cross-correlation in chiral LCs. We also succeeded in switching the rotation by changing the illumination onto the sample.


The problem of reticulating (partitioning) a multivariable control problem is investigated. An iterative process is suggested, where each subprogram is solved successively under the conditions imposed by the solutions of the other subproblems through the interactions of the original control problem. For a special case, it is shown that the rate of convergence of this process is a function of how the reticulation is made. This yields a quantitative measure of reticulating which is then used to determine the optimal reticulation.


This paper attempts to discuss a possible way of seeking a temporary dwelling place for the soul and keeping a sense of "whereness" in an ever changing world. The study first analyzes the conceptions of "whereness" and still point, proposing the water face as the satisfactory means to achieve it on the basis of analyzing Thoreau's Walden, then in a comparative way this paper examines several texts concerning the experiences and representations of physical and spiritual contacts with running water like rivers or still water like lakes, among which the texts concerning the English lakes are given main attentions. The study finds that the preferable mode of experiencing and representing lake denotes the universality and should be adopted more.


New tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride, which was norbornane-2:3, 5:6-tetracarboxylic dianhydride (NDA) was prepared by treatment of dicyclopentadiene (DCPD) with CO and methanol in the presence of catalystsand oxidizing agent. The stereochemistry of NDA was determined by x-ray analysis as an endo-exo form. Forthe application of NDA to industrial fields and polymer science, polyimide films (1 and 2) based on NDA and aromatic diamines have been synthesized to investigate their heat resistance and percent of transmissionof light. The percent of transmission of 1 and 2 are over 80%, which should be desired for practicalapplications in the field of polymer engineering such as liquid crystal display (LCDs), whereas the polymers (3 and 4) obtained from aromatic tetracarboxyic dianhydride such as a pyromellitic dianhydride instead of NDA was deep yellow, which is not desirable for high qualified display materials. The percent oftransmission of the deep yellow polymers (3 and 4) show 48 and 63.9%, respectively. On the other hand, thermal decomposition temperature of 1 and 2 are 462 and 445°C, respectively, which are lower by almost 30-70°C of these 3 and 4, respectively. Nevertheless, the thermal stabilities of 1 and 2 are still better than in many other polyimides of high-performance polymers.


The article discusses the possibility of improving the graduate training quality of "Oil and Gas Engineering" by means of competence-based approach to the modernization of vocational training content. The author emphasizes the importance of the "Theoretical and Applied Mechanics" integrated discipline as the basis for the training of 131000 "Oil and Gas Engineering" bachelor program. Particular attention is paid to the definitions of the terms "competence" and "competency" in modern Russian science, are the most common opinions on the use of competence and competence in Russian pedagogy. Also reveal views on the concept of "competence" and "competency", used in the educational practice of the EU countries. The article shows that the European competence models specialists have identified a common set of competencies for all degrees of graduates and identified a list of 85 skills and competencies. The analysis identified four types of competencies that have been identified higher education institutions and companies, as relevant, these include: instrumental, interpersonal and systemic and special. The author believes that at present Russian educational system faced with sufficient difficult and ambiguous solved researchers the task of determining the content of the notions of "competence" and "competency" and discussion of the competencies types employed in the educational practices of the European Union. The paper provides a classification of competencies used in the Federal State Educational Standard of Higher Education, as well as a list of general competencies for "Oil and Gas engineering" bachelor program. The author shows that the general professional competencies are the basis for the formation of professional competencies and emphasizes the fact that general professional skills allow higher education institutions to prepare specialists meeting the oil and gas industry requirements. The author in this case focuses on the problems arose in the development of new bachelors' working program and educational complex for "Theoretical and Applied Mechanics" worked out in line with competency-based approach and the requirements of the third-generation State Educational Standard for Higher Professional Education.