* The writer is a member of the Management Staff, Office of Assistant to the Commissioner of Internal Revenue. While the writer is responsible for the preparation of this paper, he would like to point out that its outlines are largely the product of group research and thinking. Particular credit should be given to Mr. J. R. Turner of the Management Staff and Mrs. Lillian H. Phillips of the Statistical Division. See also Proceedings of the FortyFirst Annual Conference on Taxation , National Tax Association 1948: George W. Mitchell, "Tax Administration: Objectives, Methods, and Tests of Adequacy," pp. 5 1-53 ; Thomas C. Atkeson, "Management Staff of the Bureau of Internal Revenue A Progress Report," pp. 83-84; Richard W. Nelson, " Aspects of the Audit Program of the Bureau of Internal Revenue," pp. 111-112. In response to these recommendations, the Bureau of Internal Revenue has inaugurated a new supplemental program of sample selection of individual income tax returns for field investigation for 1948 and subsequent years. This paper, which is in the nature of a prospectus, describes the g neral background and outlines of the program. The problems pertaining to the proper selection of tax returns for investigation and other aspects of the effective management of audit programs are persistent and unruly and require continuous study. Consequently, the outlines of the 1948 Audit Control Program should be viewed only as a beginning toward developing aids to improved management of mass tax enforcement problems. They will undoubtedly change with experience, and comparable projects eventually will be developed with respect to other Federal


Intelligence analysts receive thousands of facts from a variety of sources. In addition to the bare details of the fact — a particular person, for example — each fact may have provenance, reliability, weight, and other attributes. Each fact may also be associated with other facts, e.g. that one person met another at a particular location. The analyst's task is to examine a huge collection of such loosely-structured facts, and try to "connect the dots" to perceive the underlying and unknown causes — and their possible future courses. We have designed and implemented a Java platform called VIM to support intelligence analysts in their work.


A single cathode with a cascaded bias voltage arc plasma source has been developed with a new quartz cathode chamber,instead of the previous copper chambers,to provide better diagnostic observation and access to the plasma optical emission.The cathode chamber cooling scheme is also modified to be naturally cooled only by light emission without cooling water to improve the optical thin performance in the optical path.A single-parameter physical model has been developed to describe the power dissipated in the cascaded bias voltage arc discharge argon plasmas,which have been investigated by utilizing optical emission spectroscopy(OES) and Langmuir probe.In the experiments,discharge currents from 50 A to 100 A,argon flow rates from 800 sccm to 2000 sccm and magnetic fields of 0.1 T and 0.2 T were chosen.The results show:(a) the relationship between the averaged resistivity and the averaged current density exhibits an empirical scaling law as η∝ j-0.63369 and the power dissipated in the arc has a strong relation with the filling factor;(b) through the quartz,the argon ions optical emission lines have been easily observed and are dominating with wavelengths between 340 nm and 520 nm,which are the emissions of Ar+-434.81 nm and Ar+-442.60 nm line,and theintensities are increasing with the arc current and decreasing with the inlet argon flow rate;and(c) the electron density and temperature can reach 2.0 × 1019 m-3 and 0.48 eV,respectively,under the conditions of an arc current of 90 A and a magnetic field of 0.2 T.The half-width of the ne radial profile is approximatively equal to a few Larmor radii of electrons and can be regarded as the diameter of the plasma jet in the experiments.


Thesis (Ph. D.)--Harvard University--Massachusetts Institute of Technology MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Program in Medical Engineering and Medical Physics, 1989.


We consider wave-packet spreading and ionization of a one-dimensional model hydrogen atom interacting with a strong high-frequency laser field in the stabilization domain. We demonstrate the effect of the pulse shape on the dynamics in phase space and visualize our results with both the Wigner and the Q function phase-space quasiprobability representation. The Wehrl entropy is introduced and utilized as a convenient one-parameter measure of wave-packet spreading, phase-space localization, and ionization. @S1050- 2947~96!02007-0# We therefore also consider a second phase-space distribution function, the Husimi or Q representation @10#, which is al- ways positive. The Husimi distribution can be used to calcu- late an information-theoretic measure of the number of par- ticipating quasiclassical Gaussian wave packets. This measure is the Wehrl entropy @11# and, apart from interfer- ence terms, is determined by the number of Gaussian coher- ent states to ''tile'' its phase-space contour. The Wehrl en- tropy has been investigated and utilized by a group of authors @12#. It has recently been studied within a wider class of entropies that are based on a comparison of the wave function with an arbitrary basis of states in phase space @13#. This Wehrl entropy is directly related to the uncertainty area of the Q function in phase space and it is appropriate as a measure of wave packet spreading and ionization. We will use the Wehrl entropy to study the effect of these phenomena in the stabilization domain using both an adiabatic sin 2 and a nonadiabatic trapezoidal pulse. In the next section we will describe our numerical model, based on the solution of the time-dependent Schrodinger equation in one dimension. We will then investigate the sta- bilization dynamics for two different pulse shapes ~one adia- batic, the other with a fast turn-on! using the Wigner func- tion, before turning our attention to the Q function and finally to the Wehrl entropy.


Experimental and analytical achievements on the block shear strength of wood in the above paper are discussed about the following items: 1) The proposed failure criterion seems inadequate, because the compressive stress does not act on both sides of the failure section. 2) The elastic modulus for FE analysis seems inadequate, because the Young's modulus in the transverse direction is too small. 3) The proposed equation for bearing deformation seems inadequate, because it is contradictory to the proposed strength criterion. 4) The test specimens seem improperly arranged, because the directions of the grain are inclined or curved to the bearing force.


Acid-etched graphitic carbon nitride (TGCN) nanosheets decorated with polyaniline (PANI) nanofibers for the adsorption and photocatalytic degradation of Methyl Orange (MO) and Congo Red (CR) toxic textile dyes.


Modern spark-ignition engines used for the propulsion of low emission vehicles are fuelled by injection systems in which the fuel is individually metered to each cylinder by a single injector (multipoint injection). For the proper engine operation, it is necessary that the injectors are similar to each other and stable in respect of the fuel dosage during the whole engine operation. This requirement is satisfactorily met by petrol injectors used by OEM. In contrast to petrol injectors, gas injector used in LPG-fuelled vehicles, in particular for the retrofit, are still in the development phase and therefore their quality and production consistency are often regarded as unsatisfactory from the standpoint of view of the proper engine operation. The injector-to-injector variation in the fuel dosage results in air-fuel mixture maldistribution in the cylinders, which, in turn, affects vehicle emission characteristics. The paper presents results of an investigation of inconsistency of gas injectors used in LPG vehicles in respect of their dosage. The method of measurement of the dosage uniformity is described. On the basis of the measurement, three sets of injectors differing in respect of injector-to-injector variation were selected for further vehicle tests. Tests were conducted on a passenger Euro 4 car. The emissions of limited pollutants were measured over the NEDC type-approval cycle and cycle's representative for the real world driving under Polish driving conditions. The paper presents results of the conducted tests and discusses the effect of injector-to-injector variation on the pollutant emissions.


An analysis of specials prescribing in one PCT found the average cost to be £102, with prices reaching over £2000. The authors suggest how the expense of prescribing specials can be kept to a minimum. Copyright © 2008 Wiley Interface Ltd


The prevalence is unknown. RAS typically affect pre-school children, and there is often such a clear description from the parent that the diagnosis is (almost) secure. The child will have had one or more similar episodes, and in at least some, there will have been a trigger or provocation just beforehand. Triggers are generally sudden unexpected and unpleasant e.g. a sudden trip or fall, a knock to the back of the head, a toy being snatched from them, anything sudden, painful or unpleasant or frightening. The child looks shocked and there may be some expiratory grunts as in crying, or just silence. Color drains to a deathly grey, pale or bluish complexion the child looses consciousness and usually becomes stiff or opisthotonic, as if de-cerebrate. The


(75) Inventors: Daniel Knoblauch, Publication Classification Untergruppenbach (DE); Ulrich (51) Int. Cl. Knoedel, Ingersheim (DE) FI6H 3/72 (2006.01) (52) U.S. Cl. ............................................. 475/5: 475/149 (73) Assignee: GETRAG Getriebe-und (57) ABSTRACT Zahnradfabrik Hermann Hagenmeyer GmbH & Cie KG An electric machine arrangement for an electric axle of a Unt bach (DE s motor vehicle has an electric machine. The electric machine is intergruppenbach (DE) connected via a gearbox to at least one drive shaft which can be connected to a driven wheel of the motor vehicle. Further, (21) Appl. No.: 13/450,292 the machine arrangement has a machinehousing. The electric machine has a stator fixed to the housing and a rotor which is connected to an input element of the gearbox. The rotor is (22) Filed: Apr. 18, 2012 rotatably mounted on the machinehousing by means of a first and a second rotor bearing section. The first rotor bearing Related U.S. Application Data section is connected to a machine output shaft which is con nected to the input element of the gearbox. The machine (63) Continuation of application No. PCT/EP2010/ output shaft is guided through the second rotor bearing sec 065238, filed on Oct. 12, 2010.


Once again the tired debate about uniforms is raised (letters January 15). Is a dress, with a nice belt and buckle all that defines us as nurses? While I believe that nurses should ensure they are presentable and portray a professional image, there is a great deal more to being a nurse than this.


Three novel 1,8-naphthalimide-based small molecular acceptors (NI-A-C4, NI-A-C6 and NI-A-C8) were designed and synthesized. The LUMO levels of these three small molecules were high-lying, which significantly reduce the energy loss between the wide optical band gap polymer (WBGP) PBDTBT-C12 and the acceptors and result in a high open circuit voltage (Voc) in solar cells. In addition, these three acceptors are planar, crystalline and H-aggregated in the solid state, which can facilitate the electron transport in blend films and lead to superior electron mobility and short circuit current (Jsc). A PCE of 4.05% with a Voc of 1.08 V was obtained for PBDTBT-C12:NI-A-C6-based polymer solar cells (PSCs) in an active layer thickness of 35 nm. Such a PCE is comparable to that of PBDTBT-C12:PC71BM-based optimized devices (4.07%) and better than devices with an active layer thickness of approximately 30 nm (2.72%). Besides, 35 nm is the thinnest active layer thickness for PSCs with a PCE above 4% and the absorption onset of PBDTBT-C12:NI-A-C6-blend films was as low as 630 nm, leading to a significantly high average visible transmittance up to 76.1%. Ultimately, a relatively high PCE and ultrahigh transmittance were achieved simultaneously, demonstrating that 1,8-naphthalimide-based small molecules are promising acceptors for tandem or semi-transparent PSCs.


We had shown that deep breathing had been able to effectively and timely alter visual and auditory bistable perception, see reference 1, 2. Deep breathing requires cognitive control, and therefore, in this study, we decide to investigate whether voluntary movements of human hands are able to govern the audiovisual perception using an integrative stimulus that's built up with the aforementioned visual and auditory stimuli. Astoundingly, when the human subjects moves a pointer (hand) in harmony with the actual physical direction; the original materials of the audiovisual stimulus appear. Reversed perception, namely, illusory motion reversals and illusory word appear when the pointer is moved in the opposite direction of the actual motion. Cognitive actions' brain areas, namely, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, premotor cortex, and primary motor cortex may require high concentration of oxygenated hemoglobin in the red blood cells to achieve fulsome executive movements; and this could results in significant reduction of the concentrations of the oxygenated hemoglobin in the red blood cells in the visual and auditory cortices. Reductions that deactivate one of two; the central versus the peripheral conscious brains (dedicated for audiovisual perceptions); deactivation that causes stoppage against bistable audiovisual perception will occur. We thus hypothesis that the DLPFC may send signals to deactivate the peripheral areas in the sensory brain regions when the cognitive action is harmonized with the actual material; but it may send a contrary signal to deactivate the central areas in the sensory brain regions when the cognitive action and the actual material are disharmonized.


Power consumption is an important constraint in embedded systems running real time operating systems (RTOS). This study proposes an evaluation of significance of the joint effect of possible factors in the power consumption of RTOS running on small and medium scale embedded systems. Design of experiments techniques (DOE) were used to identify the impact in the power consumption of the system. A case of study is presented with optimizations oriented to dynamic frequency scaling and memory management were applied to FreeRTOS. Experiments allowed us to find relationships between the type of architecture, the workload, and OS optimizations in power reduction.


STUDY OBJECTIVES
It is recommended that the PPD Mantoux tuberculin test be read at 48 or 72 h. We have compared the measurements at these time points.

DESIGN
A 10-tuberculin unit (TU) PPD Mantoux test was administered to 116 healthy subjects (76.7% with bacillus Calmette-Guérin scars).

PARTICIPANTS
One hundred sixteen healthy adult volunteers were recruited (health service employees, 29 volunteers; general public, 87 volunteers).

RESULTS
The measurements made at 72 h were significantly higher than those made at 48 h (median, 9.4 vs 4.95 mm, respectively; p = 0.017). In those subjects with induration at either or both time points (n = 69), the readings taken at 72 h were on average 1.7 mm (95% confidence interval, 0.4 to 3.0 mm) larger than those at 48 h. Using an induration of > 15 mm diameter to define a positive result, there were more positive test results at 72 h (36) compared to 48 h (28), with the results from 10 subjects (8.5%) changing because of the time of measurement.

CONCLUSIONS
This study demonstrates that, in adults, the size of the 10-TU Mantoux reaction is significantly larger at 72 h compared to the reaction at 48 h. In clinical practice, tuberculin tests should be read at 72 h as negative tests at 48 h may be false results.


Hidden curriculum in higher education may be defined as a set of unstated rules which are necessary for completing the formal education successfully. Conducting a dissertation is one of the most important dimensions of postgraduate studies which owns exclusive dynamics and plays a vital part in shaping the hidden curriculum. Considering these exclusive dynamics of research supervision process, I have tried to uncover the hidden norms which influence the postgraduate students of a Mathematics Faculty, when they decide to choose their supervisor. This study is conducted within the qualitative framework, using phenomenology as the method. To collect the needed narrative data, I applied semi- structured interviews, in addition to data extracted from informal talks with the informants. Thus, 9 M.A students from the Faculty of Mathematics were selected using purposeful sampling and the collected data were analyzed and classified by content analysis method. Based on the results, the influential norms can be listed as follow: research supervision style, supervisors'


Looking again at the archive exhibited at the Palais de Tokyo in 2012 curated by Judith Clark. The project included the commission of special edition of Archivist magazine; new catalogue on Guy Bourdin's work at Paris Vogue 1958-1988.


In nowaday molecular biology, the biosequence alignment is one of the most fundamental tech- niques. It can be mapped into the longest common subsequence problem, which can be solved in O(n 1n2) time with the dynamic programming technique, where n 1 and n 2 are the lengths of the two biosequences. In fact, the reasonability of an alignment of two biosequences depends on the scoring function used by the algo- rithm. Scientists have presented many scoring functions to measure the goodness of the alignments in differ- ent criteria, such as the affine gap penalty, and score matrices like PAMs, Blosums, Gonnets. All of these scoring functions are based on the same core, the dynamic programming. Once the optimal alignment score is found, tracing back the alignment lattice, which is produced during the dynamic programming, will obtain the alignment of the optimal score. Unfortunately, the optimal alignment may not be unique in most cases and the most biologically meaningful alignment may not be an optimal alignment. In this paper, we present some mathematical scoring criteria that should help in finding the better, according to biological considerations, alignment among output (optimal) alignments of the original LCS algorithm and illustrate our algorithms to solve them. Our algorithms give not only the alignment of the optimal score but also more biologically mean- ingful without increasing the computing complexity of the original algorithm.


Today in Ukraine and the world there is a growing shortage of commercial fuels for engines. This is due to the tendency to regulate the production of hydrocarbons, which is the main raw material for their production. Therefore, in order to reduce oil imports, alternative fuels for diesel engines based on oils and animal fats are be-coming more widespread today. In this regard, intensive work is underway to convert internal combustion engines to biofuels in countries with limited fuel and energy resources, as well as in highly developed countries that have the ability to purchase liquid energy. Biodiesel fuel (biodiesel, RME, RME, FAME, EMAG, etc.) is an environmentally friendly type of biofuel obtained from vegetable and animal fats and used to replace petroleum diesel fuel. In the process of using RME B100 biodiesel fuel on the Renault 2.5 DCI engine, the average diameter of the fuel droplets is increased and the flare opening angle is reduced. This leads to impaired fuel distribution in the areas of the spray torch. Only 50% of the fuel is in the jet shell, which leads to impaired mixing of fuel with air. In the core of the wall there is 18% of fuel, which will spread along the walls and mix poorly with air. The remaining 36% of the fuel will be in the core of the jet, the front of the free jet and the areas of intersection of the near-wall streams, and will partially participate in the mixing. The use of biodiesel fuel RME B100 leads to a delay of heat by 18-20 degrees of rotation of the crankshaft, which will increase fuel consumption and reduce engine power. Thus, according to studies of the Renault 2.5 DCI engine on commercial and biodiesel RME B100, it is established that the use of biodiesel leads to a deterioration of the mixture due to reduced heat and as a result increases fuel consumption, reducing engine power.


MCNP code was used to simulate the detection efficiencies for different γ- ray energies at different source positions. The counting efficiency function of the HPGe detector and its parameters have been determined. For the 137Cs and 60Co point sources,the counting efficiency function of the HPGe detector and its parameters have been determined by fitting the calculated data,which was validated at different energies. The results indicate that the Monte Carlo method is simple and effective in determining the counting efficiency function of HPGe detector and its parameters for the γ- ray point sources.


Different operating modes were analyzed for the Boost three-level(TL) converter which was used for balancing the neutral-point potential.The NP potential was balanced by adjusting the phase-delay between the two switch-signals of the Boost TL converter without changing the boosting feature of the converter,which was named phase-delay control.The formulas of critical Boost inductances between different operating modes were deduced according to the analysis on operating modes.These formulas indicated that the critical inductance is not only related to duty ratio but also related to the phase-delay between the two switch-signals of the Boost TL converter.The prototype was simulated by using the software of Matlab/Simulink and tested by the hardware based on DSP(TMS320F2812).The correctness of the analysis was verified by the simulated and experimental results.


Experimental data in the range of 1 bar to 13 kbar enable us to INTRODUCTION map the liquidus equilibria relevant to Proterozoic (massif) anorThere is hardly a consensus on the petrogenesis of thosites and related mafic rocks. Massif anorthosites are widely Proterozoic (massif ) anorthosites, but many investigators believed to have formed by accumulation of plagioclase into highbelieve in a petrogenetic scheme that involves at least Al basaltic liquids. Mantle-derived basaltic liquids, fractionating two major stages: (1) extensive crystallization (± asat pressures sufficiently high (10–13 kbar) to crystallize the highly similation) of a mantle-derived magma ponded at or aluminous orthopyroxene megacrysts typically observed in anorthosite near the base of the crust that produces suspensions of massifs, reach plagioclase saturation at low normative silica contents. plagioclase in Fe-rich, high-Al gabbroic liquids; followed Peritectic-like equilibria (e.g. liq + opx → plag + cpx + sp) by (2) intrusion of these suspensions into the mid–upper and a thermal divide on the plagioclase+ pyroxene liquidus surface crust where they form complex magma chambers (e.g. ensure that mantle-derived liquids become nepheline normative with Duchesne, 1984; Emslie, 1985; Ashwal, 1993; Wiebe, further crystallization and crustal assimilation at depth. Such 1994). A key component of the scheme is the presence liquids cannot produce the full range of troctolitic–noritic to trocin most massifs of high-Al orthopyroxene megacrysts tolitic–gabbroic mineral assemblages observed in anorthosite massifs (HAOM, Emslie, 1975) that appear to preserve a record without extensive low-pressure granite assimilation. Conversely, the of the high-pressure stage (Maquil & Duchesne, 1984; array of plausible anorthosite parental liquids not only lies along Longhi et al., 1993). The structures of massifs vary from the trace of the plagioclase+ two-pyroxene cotectic from 10 to 13 those that are composites of multiple diapiric intrusions kbar, but also straddles the thermal divide on the plagioclase + (Harp Lake, Emslie, 1980; Rogaland, Duchesne, 1984) pyroxene liquidus surface. This condition requires mafic source to intrusive bodies with well-developed layering of regions, such as lower continental crust or foundered mafic plutons, leucocratic troctolites and leuconorites or leucogabbros for liquids parental to massif anorthosites and associated mafic overlain by masses of anorthosite (Michikamau, Emslie, intrusions. 1970; Laramie, Frost et al., 1993), so there may be


Objectives: Describing clinical features, complications and evaluation of treatment results caused by Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV) at Bachmai Hospital from January 1, 2018 to December 31 2019.
Subjects and methods: retrospective study. 67 patients Admitted at Bachmai Hospital, having realtime PCR - VZV with positive test result and VZV - IGM positive diagnostic serum test.
Results: Among 67 cases of VZV disease, the majority were females, accounting for 61.2%, the median age was 29 years old, 56.7% had background disease, of which 16.4% of systemic lupus erythematosus, 4.5% cancer. There are 64.2% of cases remember not being vaccinated. Only 3.0% remember having had chickenpox before. The disease caused by VZV is clinically diverse, 70.1% (47 cases) showed chickenpox disease, 25.37% (17 cases) showed water burn injury in the shingles scene and 4.5 % (3 cases) showed meningitis with no burn lesions on the skin. Uncomplicated chickenpox 29.8%, complications of chickenpox commonly encountered dermatitis and soft tissue 19.4%, complications of meningitis combined with cord paralysis 7 or common in shingles scene. As a result of treatment, 86.6% (58 cases) had no sequelae, 3.0% (2 cases) had no sequelae of consciousness disorder, and up to 10.4% (7 cases). Consolidation) serious request for return, death is recorded.
Conclusion: Disease caused by VZV in people with underlying systemic lupus erythematosus, cancer or pregnant women. The clinical picture is diverse, has many complications on the research group and high mortality.


Measuring the X-ray environment generated at the center of the NIF target chamber is a core capability required for understanding target implosions and other physics experiments. Recently an upgrade was performed to the recording systems employing modern digital technology and additional remote-control capabilities. Together, significantly decreasing manual setup burdens, increasing accuracy, stability and availability while contributing to shot rate improvement, overall efficiency and cost of operations reduction on NIF. We present the systems chosen, improved calibration techniques employed and some of the key features including the addition of self-test capabilities.


The primitive Small Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma (SCNC) is a rare subtype of neuroendocrine laryngeal tumors which are the second most common laryngeal neoplasm after squamous cell carcinoma. We report a case of SCNC of the larynx occurring in a 35-year-old man, who smokes and drinks alcohol, who presented with dysphonia and dyspnea. On clinical examination there were painless, mobile cervical lymph nodes in addition to gynecomastia. On endoscopy, the lesion was exophytic and involved the whole of the right vocal cord. SCNC diagnosis was based on morphologic and immune-histochemical criteria. Treatment was non-surgical based on sequential chemoradiation therapy. An isolated local relapse was, unexpectedly, the first post therapeutic event, occurring at the end of the first year of follow up and managed by salvage surgery. Metastatic-free survival was 28 months.


Zearalenone (ZEN), is a secondary metabolite with estrogenic properties, is produced by several Fusarium species that colonize cereal grains such as corn, oats, barley, wheat, and grain sorghum in the field and in storage. Because of the toxic effects of ZEN which cause significant human and animal diseases and significant economic losses worldwide, its removal from food samples is very important. In this study, the applicability of natural zeolite, Clinoptilolite (CLN), and organo-clinoptilolites modified with the quaternary ammonium salts tetramethylammonium bromide (TMA) for the short-chain organo-zeolite and octadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (ODTMA) for the long-chain organo-zeolite, has been investigated for the adsorption and preconcentration of Zearalenone (ZEN) from beer solutions. In the batch experiments, ZEN was quantitatively adsorbed (~100%) at the pH range of 1.1–9.0 by ODTMAClinoptilolite (ODTMA-CLN). As for CLN and TMA-Clinoptilolite (TMA-CLN), ZEN adsorptions were about 100% at the pH range 1.1-4.5 and 70% at pH range 4.8-7.0. The adsorption of ZEN was investigated in terms of the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models and the Freundlich isotherm model was found as being adequate to describe the adsorption for all adsorbents. The proposed methodology was applied to the beer samples for adsorption and preconcentration of ZEN, the recoveries found for CLN and TMA-CLN were not sufficient (44.0 and 56.7%, respectively), but the recovery carried out with ODTMA-CLN was high (89.5%).


The problem of locating a mobile user in a cellular system is addressed. The mobility of a user is modelled by a two-dimensional directional random walk process. A location updating scheme based on overlapping location areas (LA's) is presented for keeping track of the LA a user is in. Two LA paging schemes, namely spread paging and selective paging, are proposed and are compared to a conventional flood paging scheme in which all cells in the LA are paged simultaneously. It is found that both spread paging and selective paging can yield typical paging traffic reductions of more than 50%. The cost is a small increase in the average paging delay. Selective paging performs better than spread paging in terms of both average paging delay and average paging traffic, but is more complex to implement. An LA sectorization technique is applied to spread paging and selective paging to further reduce paging traffic. Two sectorization patterns are examined. The results show that sectorization can yield typical average paging traffic reductions of about 50%. The resulting increases in paging delay are negligible for both patterns. The sensitivity of spread paging and selective paging to uncertainty in user mobility parameter values, such as the angular deviation parameter, mean speed, mean velocity hold time and mean trip length, is studied. It is found that spread paging is most sensitive to the mean trip length of a user while selective paging is most sensitive to uncertainty in user mean speed.


Traces briefly the history of library automation in India. Tries to analyse the various factors that directly or indirectly affect the progress of library automation such as management issues, resources available with the libraries, level of skill of staff, availability of suitable software, geographic location area. Also discusses the areas in which automation has taken place and why. Role of Inflibnet has also been discussed. Concludes that thing are changing for the better as library automation in academic libraries is now being regarded as an urgent need.


Abstract Polysaccharide-based vaccine for Pseudomonas aeruginosa has failed due to toxicity of lipid-A portion in liposaccharide. As a result, efforts to develop vaccine against P. aeruginosa have mostly focused on outer membrane protein (OMP). Vaccine candidates based on P. aeruginosa OMP have emerged in the form of purified recombinant protein, as alternative strategy for vaccine development. In the present study, we have determined the immunogenicity and protective capacity of Lp1 protein (as antigen). For this work we have cloned lp1 gene (897 bp) into the pET32a expression vector and after expression a 34 kDa recombinant protein was obtained by induction with 0.5 mM isopropyl β-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside. The antigen was obtained as a recombinant protein in E. coli, purified and used to immunize mice. The antiserum developed against the lp1 antigen was capable to recognize the antigen by western blotting. After immunization, recombinant Lp1 induced bactericidal antibodies. These results suggest that Lp1 is a novel antigen worth to be included in a broadly protective P. aeruginosa vaccine.


Introduction: Seizure is a transient phenomenon with genesis in excessive abnormal or synchronous neuronal electrical activity in the brain, while epilepsy is defined as a brain dysfunction characterized by persistent predisposition to generate seizures. The identification of epileptogenic electroencephalographic patterns can be performed using machine learning.the present study aimed to develop a transfer learning based classifier able to detect epileptic seizures in images generated from electroencephalographic data graphic representation. Material and Methods: We used the Epileptic Seizure Recognition Data Set,which consists of 500 brain activity records for 23.6 seconds comprising 23 chunks of 178 data points, and transformed the resulting 11500 instances into images by graphically plotting its data points. Those images were then splitted in training and test set and used to build and assess, respectvely, a transfer learning-based deep neural network, which classified the images according the presence or absence of epileptic seizures. Results: The model achieved 100% accuracy, sensitivity and specificity, with a AUC-score of 1.0, demonstrating the great potential of transfer learning for the analysis of graphically represented electroencephalographic data. Conclusion: It is opportune to raise new studies involving transfer learning for the analysis of signal data, with the aim of improving, disseminating and validating its use for daily clinical practice.


Researchers have investigated a number of different psychological constructs that occur as a result of advertising exposure and that contribute toward the formation of attitudes toward the ad (Aad) and brand (Ab). The dual mediation model (DMM), which defines hypothesized interrelationships among these constructs, has been well supported in previous research, but fails to empirically distinguish between the quantitative versus qualitative effects that can occur as a result of increased elaboration. To address this issue, the author incorporates cognitive resource matching theory into the DMM framework, arguing that construct means, the relative proportions of those means, and the links among model constructs are moderated by level of processing motivation. The results of empirical testing of a modified version of the DMM under alternate resource conditions are consistent with this theoretical explanation. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


PURPOSE: To make erection possible by simple means and at low cost without requiring welding. CONSTITUTION: By employing four column base hardwares 3 in place of welding, connection of a base plate 12 is made with bolts. Namely, the four column base hardwares 3, each of which is made up by placing an angle part 5 on a bottom plate part 4, are provided and the angle parts 5 of the four hardwares 3 are put on four corners on the exterior of the lower end of a square steel pipe column 1 and are connected with bolts. A base plate 12 is provided, covering entirely the undersurfaces of the bottom plate parts 4 of the four column base hardwares 3, and the plate is connected to the bottom plate parts 4 with bolts. Then, the base plate 12 is placed on a foundation 17, and is fixed with anchor bolts 18 together with the column base hardwares 3. COPYRIGHT: (C)1993,JPO&Japio


The article explores the executive characteristics and methods as well as some problems in several particular cases involved in moving for action.


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The situation of teachers in poor area rarely get our attention.Their life,survival condition are worrying.Many poor area teachers choose to leave for better life,but more teachers choose to stay because of some reasons.These teachers' life is worth our concern,especially their subjective well-being should be focused.This article will introduce a couple who give up the chance of teaching in large city but choose to teach in poor area for 12 years to analyze the teacher's subjective well-being in poor area.From 3 levels:the society,school,the teacher himself.In this way,to study how to improve the teacher's subjective well-being in poor areas.


Objective: Assessment of the efficacy of ossicular reconstruction using a cartilage-connecting hydroxyapatite prosthesis designed with a spearhead to reduce extrusion and dislocation of the implant. Patients: All patients undergoing ossicular reconstruction after chronic ear surgery, connecting the cartilage to the prosthesis, with a minimum of 1 year of postoperative follow-up. Main Outcome Measures: Postoperative change in pure-tone averages. Air-bone gap closures, and implant extrusion rates. Results: Overall mean pure-tone averages improved by 12.2 dB (ranged between −40 and 60 dB). In total, 68.4% of the patients achieved an air-bone gap less than 20 dB. Gains in the mean air conduction thresholds were 9.5 dB in cases of partial ossicular reconstruction and 14.9 dB in cases with total ossicular reconstruction (p < 0.05). The overall extrusion rate was 4.21%. Conclusion: The cartilage-connecting hydroxyapatite prosthesis with a spearhead was found to restore hearing to a satisfactory level. The extrusion rate was relatively low. The cartilage-connecting hydroxyapatite prosthesis with a spearhead is an effective ossicular implant and offers an attractive alternative for ossicular reconstruction, particularly for total ossicular reconstructions.


The middle time: The scholarly discovery of post-classical Latin and Greek In parallel with the scholarly discovery of the vernacular languages of Europe in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries was that of post-classical Latin and Greek. There were several advantages to working on these language varieties rather than on their classical predecessors. One was that the period between antiquity and the fourteenth or fifteenth century offered an abundance of texts. A glance at, for instance, the five hundred quarto pages of Philippe Labbe's Nova bibliotheca mss. librorum of 1653 shows how many post-classical inedita lay waiting for their editors, the manuscripts adequately catalogued and in major libraries, at a time when the supply of classical inedita had dwindled almost to vanishing-point. For a while, this abundance was strangely invisible to scholars looking for classical material – hence, for instance, Henri Estienne's decision to use the Bibliotheca of Photius as a quarry for classical texts rather than to edit it as a whole. But, gradually, the merits of post-classical literature, together with the wealth of inedita , encouraged editors and therefore lexicographers to overcome their prejudices. This was all the more easily done because a classical training offered an immediate entrance to these texts. Their language was not purely classical – which is why they were of interest in their own right to lexicographers – but it was usually close enough to the classical for the divergences to be challenging rather than baffling.


The article discusses the theoretical aspects and practical implementation of the definition, identification and assessment of information flows and the content of information in the objects of hydraulic structures. The processes of the occurrence of possible additional internal volume surfaces and the transfer of information between them are described on the basis of general physical theories of the interaction of condensed matter, using a sequential analysis of the state of the emerging rubbing surfaces due to their dynamic interaction. For this purpose, objects of hydraulic structures, regardless of their classifications, were divided into naturally formed and artificially formed surfaces. The degrees of interaction between them were determined on the basis of a probabilistic approach to the energy states of surfaces. In this case, the fact that the surfaces have mainly two types of energy levels was taken into account. Energy levels are loosely coupled molecular energy levels and pronounced magnetic and electrical energy levels of electrons, atoms, molecules. The first relates to hard artificial surfaces, and the second to natural surfaces. In addition, the properties of the surfaces were associated with the homogeneity of the materials of the objects, which affects the activity of the emerging boundary layers. The proposed methodology determines the greatest probability of destruction resulting from the dynamic interaction of the surfaces of hydraulic objects using information technology. The article provides some examples of the use of modern information systems for organizing various work models based on the proposed methodology for some objects of hydraulic structures. The reliability of the achieved results of the application of the technique is supported by well-known mathematical laws.


An Environmental Management System certified to ISO 14001 simultaneously helps an organisation demonstrate commitment to improving environmental performance and contributes to better financial performance. This research compares the financial performance (return on sales) of organisations certified to ISO 14001 with organisations that were not certified over two timeperiods: five years – one year immediately preceding certification, through the year of certification and three years following certification; and three years – one year immediately preceding certification to the year immediately following certification.
Analysis of randomly selected paired organisations revealed a statistically significant relationship between financial performance and the certification event. The cumulative increase in Return on Sales for five years was approximately four percentage-points. A model of cumulative Return on Investment suggested an incremental profit of approximately four million pounds over five years for a company with a turnover of approximately one hundred and twenty million pounds.


Particle-reinforced polymers are widely used in load-carrying applications. The effect of particle size on damage development in the polymer is still relatively unexplored. In this study, the effect of glass-sphere size on the damage development in tensile loaded epoxy has been investigated. The diameter of the glass spheres ranged from approximately 0.5-50 mu m. The first type of damage observed was debonding at the sphere poles, which subsequently grew along the interface between the glass spheres and epoxy matrix. These cracks were observed to kink out into the matrix in the radial direction perpendicular to the applied load. The debonding stresses increased with decreasing sphere diameter, whereas the length to diameter ratio of the resulting matrix cracks increased with increasing sphere diameter. These effects could not be explained by elastic stress analysis and linear-elastic fracture mechanics. Possible explanations are that a thin interphase shell may form in the epoxy close to the glass spheres, and that there is a length-scale effect in the yield process which depends on the strain gradients. Cohesive fracture processes can contribute to the influence of sphere size on matrix-crack length. Better knowledge on these underlying size-dependent mechanisms that control damage development in polymers and polymer composites is useful in development of stronger materials. From a methodology point of view, the glass-sphere composite test can be used as an alternative technique (although still in a qualitative way) to hardness vs. indentation depth to quantify length-scale effects in inelastic deformation of polymers.


Nowadays, thanks to the technological and industrial advances from people, the water contamination problems have called the scientific community?s attention with the purpose of avoid major mishaps. The water is indispensable for the humans and the rest of living beings, it? is used by every kind of activity: consumption, industrial processes, irrigation, and others.
There are different methods to disinfect the water, but they have some disadvantages. Thanks to Nanotechnology and Advanced Oxidation Processes, It?s possible to get an alternative route to disinfect the water and can use it in other activities like culture irrigation.
In this Work was made the study of the synthesis of a nanostructured photocatalytic material based on titanium dioxide doped with silver by sol-gel microwave assisted method. There were evaluated different material?s variables: the microwave assistance in the process, the silver concentration in the sample and the effect of a mix of faces anatase/rutile. The material synthesized was characterized by TEM, BET, diffuse reflectance (UV-Visible), XRD, Raman and XPS.
The disinfection tests were made employing solar light like radiation source. The optimal catalyst?s charge was determined. Disinfection grade was evaluated by biological test employing lactose and lauryl sulphate like culture mediums, based on the Most Likely Number technical in accordance with the norm NOM-112-SSA1-1994.
In accordance with the results obtained, the best Ag-TiO2 photocatalyst contain 1%w silver, anatase is the phase in titanium dioxide and was made by sol-gel microwave assisted method. The ideal charge is 0.2g of catalyst per liter of water to disinfect. The material is capable to realize disinfection until obtain suitable levels for the direct contact use with people in accordance with the norm NOM-003-SEMARNAT-1997.


Collaborative perception has recently shown great potential to improve perception capabilities over single-agent perception. Existing collaborative perception methods usually consider an ideal communication environment. However, in practice, the communication system inevitably suffers from latency issues, causing potential performance degradation and high risks in safety-critical applications, such as autonomous driving. To mitigate the effect caused by the inevitable latency, from a machine learning perspective, we present the first latency-aware collaborative perception system, which actively adapts asynchronous perceptual features from multiple agents to the same time stamp, promoting the robustness and effectiveness of collaboration. To achieve such a feature-level synchronization, we propose a novel latency compensation module, called SyncNet, which leverages feature-attention symbiotic estimation and time modulation techniques. Experiments results show that the proposed latency aware collaborative perception system with SyncNet can outperforms the state-of-the-art collaborative perception method by 15.6% in the communication latency scenario and keep collaborative perception being superior to single agent perception under severe latency.


We present a method for estimating spatial and temporal numerical errors in scalar outputs of unsteady fluid dynamics simulations using a continuous-in-time adjoint solution and general time-integration methods. A continuous formulation decouples the primal and adjoint temporal discretizations and allows the use of standard time-integration schemes for the adjoint. For non-variational methods, a scheme-agnostic temporal reconstruction of the primal and adjoint solutions replaces the functional representation in between time nodes. Finally, projection of the adjoint to a semi-refined space yields separate measures of the errors in space and time, which then drive adaptive refinement of the spatial and temporal discretizations. Results for the Euler equations and the compressible Navier-Stokes equations demonstrate accuracy of the error estimates and effectiveness of the adaptation.


Healthcare recommender systems for Chronic Disease Diagnosis (CDD) can play a major role in controlling the disease, through providing accurate and trustworthy disease risk diagnosis prediction and medical advices recommendation. That assists healthcare providers to have 24/7 remote patient monitoring system and assist patients to have 24 hour access to the medical care. Such systems are considered as extra tools to assist physicians and patients in controlling and managing the disease. Providing an accurate real-time recommendation for medical data is a challenge according to the complexity of the medical data represented by unbalance, large, multi-dimension, noisy and/or missing data. The CDD system expectation is to give a high accuracy of disease risk prediction and medical advices recommendation. In this paper, a CDD recommender system approach is proposed based on a hybrid method using multiple classifications and unified Collaborative Filtering. Multiple classifications based on decision tree algorithms are applied to buildan accurate predictive model that predicts the disease risk diagnosis for the monitored cases. The Unified CF method based on learning classification model using both historical binary ratings and external features will be utilized for achieving higher recommendation accuracy [1] when recommending medical advices for patients.Historical patients' medical data from the Middle East is used to train the model. Determining the relevant features through Attribute Selection method is used toreducedata generation and improve the predictive model performance. Merging patients' lab and home test readings is considered to leverage the diagnosis fidelity. Diabetes diagnosis case study is designed as experiments to show the feasibility of our model. To the written of this paper, multiple decision tree classifiers have been applied through the first stage of CDD system to achieve high accuracypredictive model. Our contribution is to provide more accurate and efficient recommendations to assist patients controlling their chronic disease and assist healthcare providers to have 24/7 remote patient monitoring system.


The invention relates to a serving method of a range hood. The serving method of the range hood comprises the steps that a remove server is connected through a network module connected with the range hood, if the remote server is connected for the first time, an unique ID is distributed for the range hood and is stored, corresponding cooking information is obtained after the remote server receives and processes information sent by the range hood, the cooking information is sent to the range hood through a network, and after the range hood receives the cooking information and the cooking information is processed through the processor of the range hood, the cooking information is displayed on a display screen. Through the method, after the range hood is connected with the remote server, the remote server analyzes the habits of a user, the push of accurate information is achieved through the network, recipe analysis is carried out for the user more intelligently and more accurately, and the user can watch the information conveniently in the cooking process.


Anesthesia and surgery influences regional net release and uptake rates of tissue-type plasminogen activator. An experimental study in the intact pig


Alkaline treatments with corrosion and scaling inhibition of highly corrosive recycled produced water (RPW) of Guangli water treating plant, Dongxing, Shengli, for reservoir flooding are conducted in laboratory experimentally. The RPW samples treated by single alkalines (NaOH, Ca(OH)_2, Na_2CO_2, and Na_2SiO_3) and having pH=8.5 show satisfactory corrosion rates but rather high suspended solids (SSs) contents. For RPW samples treated with alkalines and two flocculants in combination, sedimentated in 0.5 hr and taken from the medium layer, the corrosivity, contents of total Fe, SSs, and oily sub stances, and SRB bacterial population are fairly satisfactory but the percent solid residua are very high: 6-9% (v/v) in wet state and 0.09-0.46% (m/m) in dry state. With 3 favorable combinational alkalines (CA) of unknown composition and the above mentioned mixed flocculant additionally, the wet residua creation (WRC) is decreased to 5-8% (v/v) and the dry residua creation (DRC)-to 0.0647-0.0709%. With CA notated as F, the pH of RPW samples is easily adjustible at a medium use level and a DRC of 0.0647% is obtained. The scale formation tendency of the CA treated RPW and its mixture with the reservoir formation water is stronger than that of the formation water. The theoretical predictions of scaling (60℃) show that the CA treatments change CaCO_3 in RPW from critical state to scale forming state and CaSO_4 in RPW from critical state to scale forming and, in one case, critical states. A scale inhibitor is chosen for CA treated RPW. Large amounts of finely filtrated purified RPW of Guangli and CA treated RPW are flown successively after a standard brine through 3 reservoir cores and cause damage in core permeability of 6.2-7.8% and 3.9-4.7%, respectively. It is concluded that the RPW of Guangli can be used for reservoir flooding after such CA treatment with additional purification with flocculant and scale inhibition however the handling with sludge created in large amount is still a serious problem to be solved.


A calculation for a model in which a cylindrical layer of vortices with B=const is assumed to exist in the first critical field H/sub c/1 shows that the formation of this state is energeticaly favorable compared with uniform occupation of the whole cross section of a cylindrical sample with filaments.


The central purpose of this study is to analyse political stability issues from the public administration and policy perspective. Armed with this objective, the special emphasis will be placed upon the types and nature of the policy options (alternatives) that governments have at their disposal. There are generally two policy options available for the governments to cope with political instabilities: the first option is to use coercive (repressive) means of political stability; and the second option is to utilize non-coercive means of political stability. Consequently, one of the most common explanations within academic and policy communities is that democratic regimes are less likely to opt for coercive measures than non-democratic regimes. However, this explanation fails to capture a number of critical variables that influence the choice of policy. Also, it lacks the possibility to describe and understand peaceful transitions from nondemocratic to democratic societies. The choice of policy strategy is very much affected by larger social and political constraints and contexts. In this respect, we argue that when non-coercive measures fail or do not adequately address political instability, governments largely opt for coercive measures, and conversely, governments begin to introduce non-coercive measures if the coercive measures become unreliable and insufficient for political stability. Hence, this paper is an attempt to analyse what effect, if any, does the choice of coercive or non-coercive governance have on the nature and direction of public administration reforms in general, and political stability in particular. In this paper, police and military are regarded as coercive means of political stability whereas the welfare (social protection) reforms are understood as non-coercive means of political stability. Comparative case study method will be employed to test the central argument of the paper. Armed with this method, we try to identify the identical paradigmatic shifts regarding the political stability strategies by historicizing the public policy and administration developments in the Western Europe and post-Soviet Central Asia. At least two examples of political stability project come to mind when considering how the coercive and non-coercive measures were used to promote political stability: Sweden during the transition from agricultural to industrial society and Uzbekistan after the collapse of Soviet Union. In this regard, cases of Sweden and Uzbekistan will be chosen to examine the central argument. In undertaking this task, the paper uses two main theories of policy development: the Linear model, characterized by objective analysis of options and the separation of policy from implementation; and the "chaos" theory, which argues that policy and policy implementation are best understood as a "chaos of purposes and accidents". Findings of the paper will provide vantage point to better understand the nuances and complexities in choosing political stability strategies. Based on the findings of the paper, we will offer possible remedies for policy shortcomings associated with political stability challenges in Western Europe and Central Asia.


This article is about rationality conditions underlying individual choice and questions the universal applicability of the `standard conditions'. It is argued that when making choices and decisions, an individual appeals to external references. As a consequence, the issue of rationality can be sensibly analyzed only if external references are spelled out. Utility maximization, menus, private and social norms are some of the examples of external references. In important cases, utility maximization of the standard form is not adequate for explaining individual rationality. Two such cases are analyzed and axiomatically characterized: the choice of the second largest element and the choice of the median. In both situations, the external references are norms. The characterizing axioms in each case are compared to the standard axioms of rational choice theory.


This paper presents a cost-based methodology for assessing the effectiveness of various MCM implementation strategies. It is focused on testing. Two approaches to the MCM testing problem are investigated in detail. One is based on the assumption that system components are perfect("known good die" approach) and the other uses the "smart substrate" concept. An MCM using a smart substrate is one in which the substrate contains active circuitry for carrying out testing functions. For these two testing options, the obtained results suggest the existence of "windows of opportunity" for both KGD and smart substrate solutions.<<ETX>>


Nowadays, Database-as-a-Service (DBaaS) has become more and more popular among users as it can largely reduce the complexity of managing databases and applications. Considering the increasing complexity of different applications, system management and automation such as self-provisioning and performance tuning can be challenging. To better achieve autonomous optimization of the system, the ability to predict future workload patterns is of great essence. In this paper, we propose a novel lightweight probabilistic workload forecasting framework (LIGHTPRO) that is easy to train and robust, to help the system predict future workload patterns, leveraging multi-head attention mechanism and convolution operations. Experiments on real-world query traces demonstrate the superiority of LIGHTPRO in reducing training time and capturing both long-term and short-term temporal patterns of the workload compared with other baselines.


This research analyzes atmosphere visibility characteristics in Fuzhou. For residents to choose the best travel time and improve the quality of their life. The results show that the average atmospheric visibility in 1957-2016 is 17.98 km and the trend is -2.86 km / decade. The highest atmospheric visibility occur in the summer, the lowest value appears in the winter, further observation shows that atmospheric visibility in July showed the maximum value, and in March shows the lowest value. The "bad" level of atmospheric visibility showed a modest upward trend between 1956 and 2006, and showed a high growth after 2006, indicating that effect of governance to improve the air quality is not obvious, and the trend of "good" level of is decline from nearly 90% in 1956 to nearly 20% in 2006. In 1956-1987 Ridit values are greater than 0.5, the highest value of 0.77, in the upward trend in the fluctuation, in 1987-2005 Ridit value of 0.5 up and down, in a steady period of time the trend is not obvious, and in 2006-2016 Ridit value is less than 0.5, the lowest value of 0.28, indicating that the trend of atmosphere is decline. The value of atmospheric visibility about worst 20%, 50% and best 20% is in a downward trend.


Presented is a mixed-signal full-custom VLSI chip designed to receive sonar return signals from an ultrasonic microphone array, and extract input bearing angles of the incoming signals. Processing utilizes simple low-power analog spatiotemporal bandpass filters to extract wavefront velocity across the array, which translates to input bearing angle. Processing uses phase information of array signals, not onset or offset of ultrasonic burst. With such synchronous processing, multiple angle readings from different returns of the same ultrasonic transmit burst are possible. Compatible microphone arrays are compact in size-test array has a total baseline of 26.5 mm. In a test with ultrasonic beacon 65 cm from a microphone array, angular precision of 1/spl deg/ was demonstrated in most instances in the range -60/spl deg/ to 60/spl deg/. Applications include sonar localization of remote objects, sonar imaging, and improved interference rejection between objects within the field of view of the sensor microphones. The chip was fabricated on a standard 3M2P CMOS process with a 0.5-/spl mu/m feature size.


Atmospheric aerosol particles absorb and scatter solar radiation, altering directly the radiation balance. Indirectly, these particles have a complex interplay in cloud formation, affecting cloud reflectivity and cloud lifetime. Apart from the climatic effects, atmospheric particles pose negative health effects and they reduce visibility with adverse effects in road traffic and aviation safety. To improve the understanding of the aerosol effect on climate four different studies have been conducted. The main instrument utilized to retrieve vertical profiles of the aerosols was a multi-wavelength Polly lidar. The hygroscopic effect of the aerosol particles in the retrieved optical properties which is relevant to cloud studies can be assessed using the water vapor capabilities of the lidar. Lidar water vapor retrieval requires initial calibration. An evaluation of the different lidar water vapor signal calibration techniques was performed to quantify the uncertainty in the retrieved water vapor profiles. Moreover, two measurement campaigns were held in Finland and the United Arab Emirates in order to characterize the properties of understudied aerosol types (pollen and Arabian dust). Lastly, the effectiveness of the different aerosol types to the formation of ice, water, or mixedphase clouds in the Arctic was determined using a synergy of a spaceborne lidar (CALIOP) and a cloud radar (CloudSat). The study on water vapor showed that accurate water vapor retrievals are subject to the calibration factor. Operational on-site radiosondes are the best option, but robust retrievals are possible using data from the nearest radiosonde site or modelled data. Satellite-derived water vapor profiles performed the poorest, yet they could serve as an option in the absence of better information. The analysis of the pollen observations showed that the classification of various pollen types is possible, although challenging. Characterization requires shape information from at minimum two linear particle depolarization wavelengths, as well as external information such as airmass backward trajectories to ensure that other non-spherical aerosol particles such as dust are not present over the measurement site. Regarding the Arabian dust optical properties, it was found that this aerosol type exhibits different optical properties, specifically concerning the lidar ratios, than the dust originating from the Saharan region. Consequently, the universal lidar ratio of 55 sr currently used in lidar-based applications may lead to biases for dust originating from the Arabian Peninsula. The Arctic study on aerosol-cloud interactions showed that higher aerosol load was associated with higher occurrence of mixed-phase clouds. On the contrary, moderate association was found with varying the aerosol type. Nevertheless, meteorology outweighed the aerosol load importance over less stable atmospheric conditions, for example, over open ocean. Publishing unit Finnish Meteorological Institute, Atmospheric Research Centre of Eastern Finland Classification (UDC)


We present an approach to explore and control nonlinear interactions between two orthogonally polarized femtosecond filaments launched parallel in air. The self-phase and cross-phase modulations due to the Kerr effect and cross-(de)focusing induced by the plasma and molecular alignment were distinctly identified resulting in attraction and repulsion of parallel filaments with different spatiotemporal proximities. Their interaction ranges were analyzed by comparing the interaction-induced displacements of parallel filaments at different initial separations. As proved by field-free displacements of parallel filaments around the impulsive rotational Raman excitation of the diatomic molecules in air, the molecular alignment exhibited a relatively longer interaction range than that of the plasma defocusing and the Kerr effect.


The Bayesian network (BN) is a useful method for modeling healthcare issues since a BN can graphically represent causal relationships among variables and provide its probabilistic information,. In this study, we apply a BN method to hypertension occurrence analysis. This study used the National Health Insurance Corporation (NHIC) database from 2002 to 2010 which contains more than 100,000 cases of personal medical examinations in Korea. We investigate the causality for hypertension occurrence by a structure learning step, and then evaluate the performance to predict hypertension occurrence through parameter learning and inference steps. It is shown that the BN outperforms other prediction methods such as logistic regression, naive Bayes and support vector machine in terms of sensitivity. In addition, the BN has advantages in interpreting which variables affect the hypertension occurrence and how they are related to each other.


In this paper, we are just going to develop the concept for online payment for tollgate, and using this same system we just detect the theft vehicle. Time and efficiency are a matter of priority of present day. In order to overcome the major issues of vehicle congestion and time consumption RFID technology is used. RFID reader fixed at tollgate frame reads the tag attached to number plate of vehicle. The RFID sensor in the tollgate detects the approach of the incoming vehicle's tag and toll deduction takes place through a prepaid card assigned to the concerned RFID tag that belongs to the owners' account. The concept proposed is of automatic toll tax payment system and theamount transaction information sends to the cell phone of the motorists through the GSM modem technology. This makes tollgate transaction more convenient for the public use.In this same process, once the user registered with his vehicle number which was already in number plate, if the user was lost his vehicle means just he can request in the website to find the vehicle. And if the theft vehicle come across the tollgates the RFID sensor will send the signal to the tollgate booth, and then the vehicle will be hand over to the particular user who have left his/her vehicle.


The innovations in China's rural education have been taking a common orientation, that is, to achieve the equal educational opportunities and the equity of the educational process. But the real situation is that the gap between rural education and urban education has become wider and wider, and it seems that the innovations in rural education are not so satisfying as anticipated. The reason is that people have not found theoretically why such a phenomenon exists. The ecology of education can give us a clear understanding about the problem. From an angle of educational ecology, we should try to make an equal educational environment in both rural and urban areas, or centralize the rural education in towns or urban areas, or reconstruct the public livelihood in rural areas.


Crop management should be improved as response to concerns about environmental impacts of agriculture. Under a such context, to choose a good soil tillage management is an important decision to improve grain yield and quality. The paper presents aspects regarding the influence of several soil tillage methods, fertilizers and three track-by-track passings of tractor prior to seedbed preparation on sunflower yield under dryland conditions. Field experiments were conducted during 1987-2004 at The National Agricultural Research and Development Institute from Fundulea (Romania) on a leached chernozem, well drained, formed on loess, with 33% clay content and 2.8% organic matter in arable layer. The wheel pressure induced a soil compaction down to 40 cm depth as shown by an increase of bulk density and a decrease of total and air porosities, below minimum level accepted for a normal crop development. The plant height and leaf area were reduced by compaction, as a result of worsening of soil conditions for root growth; the root biomass was lower by 16-33% in compacted soil, as compared to non-compacted one. Working the soil only by disking before sowing created unfavourable conditions for root and plant growth, similar with those obtained by soil compaction. Continuous use of optimal rates of fertilizers (chemical or manure) helped obtaining more efficient sunflower cropping systems.


Purpose The purpose of this paper is to describe Monash Health's development of a Policy and Procedure on the abuse of older people in metropolitan Australia. Monash Health is a public healthcare network that consists of six public hospitals and over 40 community health care sites throughout the South East of Melbourne. Design/methodology/approach An Action Research Action Learning approach was employed to develop a comprehensive set of policy and procedure documents to ensure that Monash Health became compliant with the State Government's expectations around responding to the abuse of older people in a consistent manner. Findings Almost 90,000 Monash Health hospital admissions per year are older people aged over 65 years. Senior Monash Health management recognized that staff did not have adequate information, education and resources to consistently identify and respond to situations of elder abuse. What is more, the existing internal Monash Health document Supporting Older People at Risk did not meet obl...


This study is to formulate strategy for subject who are selected as national team in horizontal bars event in apparatus gymnastics. For this, skill training program was applied to players for 8 weeks. Then it was analyzed by using 3D motion Analysis system to seek the difference between before and after using the program. There were decisive demerit element K`s first try for Tkatchev stretched movement from low elevation and crooked body while elevating. Not only, the location of his center of mass is far and low and there was some concern in his landing due to bended his hip-joint, but also, it exposed weak point in retro-action followed technique. Thus, to overcome that weak point, the subject repeated practices on following; when preparing for Tkatchev stretched movement at downward for big spin, make sure extend shoulder angle faster, make sure Tap movement is short and concise using hip-joint angular while delaying Tap timing for folding the body, and moreover, while backlashing the body, used shoulder joint angle wide to pull up the body. As a result, the speed of vertical upward did rut increase when separation from the bar. However, height of elevation increased that the leg would rut hit the horizontal bar even straight up the hip-joint. Therefore, the movement itself provided magnificent motion and even helped decrease the demerits.


In order to improve the adhesion property between a mold and photocurable polymer film in photosolidified imprint lithography, a sapphire plate was used which has advantages such as large Young's modulus, large Knoop hardness value, and large ultimate compressive and tensile forces compared with a quartz plate. The contact angle of water on the sapphire surface is considerably larger than that on the quartz surface and comparable with that on the quartz surface with hydrophobic treatment. As the number of imprinting experiments increases, the contact angle for the sapphire remains constant although that for the surface-treated quartz gradually decreases. From the 40 imprinting experiments using the same sapphire mold, no degradation of the replicated pattern in the photocurable polymer is observed. On the other hand, thin polymer residues are observed to remain at the edge of the protruding mold patterns, probably due to the rough side wall structures which made them easy to adhere to the polymer. It is considered that such a residual polymer film on the mold is too thin to be replicated in the imprinting experiment.


Variational λ$$ \lambda $$ ‐symmetries are used to find exact solutions to second‐ and fourth‐order Euler‐Lagrange equations associated to variational problems for which standard procedures fail. A one‐parameter family of exact solutions in terms of Bessel functions is obtained for a first‐order variational problem whose Euler‐Lagrange equation does not admit Lie symmetries. A family of second‐order equations, involving arbitrary functions and parameters, is first written in variational form. The variational λ$$ \lambda $$ ‐symmetry method successes in finding one‐parameter families of exact solutions, despite the lack of Lie point and variational symmetries. A three‐parameter family of exact solutions for a fourth‐order equation with absence of Lie point symmetries is also deduced.


This article analyses the interdependency of demand for two of the leading traded services globally: international travel (transportation) and international tourism. Based on the Almost Ideal Demand System, the study models transport and tourism demand simultaneously for a range of countries: Australia, New Zealand, the United States and the United Kingdom. Overall, tourism demand is found to be more expenditure and price-elastic than is the demand for transport services to the same destination. The cross-price elasticities indicate significant interdependencies of demand between transport and tourism, and between destinations. Overall, the cross-price elasticities confirm the complementarity between transport demand and tourism demand. However, in the cases of the UK demand for the United States and the US demand for the United Kingdom, substitutability between the two demand types is found.


Several strains of three new taxa of haploid heterothallic yeasts have been isolated from various ephemeral flowers and associated insects in North and South America and Australia. Metschnikowia continentalis comprises two varieties and is a close relative of Metschnikowia hawaiiensis. Like the latter, it produces giant ascospores and lives in association with the insects that colonize flowers of the family Convolvulaceae. These species exhibit an unusual asymmetrical mating, but their rare asci are sterile. The varieties of M. continentalis undergo unlimited mating, but ascospores are rarely formed. Metschnikowia continentalis var. continentalis was isolated in central Brazil and is thought to occur across South America.Metschnikowia continentalis var. borealis was recovered in the Great Lakes area and may represent a North American population. Metschnikowia hibisci was found in the flowers and insects of various Hibiscus species in the Australian states of New South Wales and Queensland but appeared to ...


On the basis of experimental research there were determined the best and the valid technological modes of bitumen modification of different brands. For modifications there adopted were bitumends that differ in technology of reception (distillation and oxidized). As polymeric modifier there was adopted TPR styrene-butadiene-styrene, in concentrations of 3 %.


Abstract : The broad goal of the project is the identification of the factors controlling the nontrivial many-body physics in artificially nanostructured materials based on transition metal oxides, thereby enabling the design of materials with desired correlated electron properties. The means of achieving this goal is the implementation and development of the hybrid methodology of density functional theory and dynamical mean-field theory (DFT+DMFT). We achieved a vastly improved understanding of the physics of the correlation-driven metal-insulator transition in real materials based on the identification of the d-valence as a critical parameter controlling the transition, and identifying that this finding is insensitive to the choice of orbital provided it is well localized. Secondly, we discovered a new mechanism for correlation-driven metal-insulator transitions (the site-selective Mott transition) and demonstrated that this mechanism accounts for the main features of the previously mysterious metal-insulator phase diagram of the rare-earth nickelates. Thirdly, we demonstrated the ability to design new Mott insulators via heterostructuring. Finally, we developed a fully charge self-consistent implementation of DFT+DMFT, which allows us to compute total energies. This major technical development allowed us to compute the pressure vs. rare earth phase diagram in the nickelates.


In this paper, we propose a new packing algorithm based on O-Tree representation that can reduce the time cost of turning an O-Tree into an admissible O-Tree and decoding it into a placement. By introducing a vertical contour into our algorithm, we replace the OT2OCG (O-Tree To its Orthogonal Constraint Graph) and CG2OT (Constrained Graph To O-Tree) procedures by a single OT2PL one with 50% timesaving in practical cases. Our algorithm can be applied to various problems such as placement with boundary constraint and with rectilinear blocks. A genetic algorithm is used to solve both problems and we additionally insert a block as an internal node of O-Tree without increasing the time complexity when perturbing the O-Tree. The effectiveness of our algorithm is justified by experimental results.


It is really surprising that most of the sensor nodes in wireless sensor network WSN remain idle for maximum period of its lifetime resulting underutilisation of resources. There are many ongoing researches to utilise WSN resources in an efficient way. Virtualisation of sensor network VSN is one of the novel approaches to utilise physical infrastructure of WSN. VSN can be simply defined as the virtual version of WSN over the physical sensor infrastructure. By allowing sensor nodes to coexist on a shared physical substrate, VSN may provide flexibility, cost effectiveness and manageability. This paper proposes quality of service QoS aware data classification and scheduling framework for VSN in the healthcare sector. We develop a tiny virtual machine called VSNware for healthcare application which facilitates QoS aware data classification and scheduling ensuring reliability, delay guarantee and speed. Simulation results also show that proposed scheme over performs conventional WSN approaches.


The software characteristic of a real time monitoring system is analysed.Some programming methods and program implimentation of key technology are presented for the computer monitoring software in the mode of an English DOS,which include such functions as keyboard input,quick graphics process,trend plots display of history data,Chinese display,etc.These programs are easy to realize and their running result is good.


The purpose of the paper is to work out and characterize bank business models that are formed in Ukraine. Methodology. Our research we will spend among banks that are functioning on the Ukrainian financial market and are not on the stage of liquidation, so the sample under study in our work is comprised of 131 banks which are different in their ownership structure and size. The core of the methodology is a statistical clustering algorithm that allows identifying the groups of banks (clusters) with similar business models as banks with similar business model strategies have made similar choices regarding the composition of their assets and liabilities. The cluster analyses were taken on the base of seven chosen indicators: bank loans, bank liabilities, enterprise loans, enterprise liabilities, household loans, household liabilities and trading assets. Results. The traditional business model of bank is worked out. The bank business models that are functioning in Ukraine are identified on the base of cluster analyses using balance sheet characteristics of 131 Ukrainian banks. We find that in Ukraine were formed three types of bank business models: "Focused retail", "Diversified retail" and "Corporative retail". The description of each model is given. Practical implications. More detailed research of distinguished models allows not only to find out the main advantages and disadvantages of each bank model, but also the main problems that follow the development of Ukrainian banking sector. Identifying of bank models and their studying simplifies searching and elaboration of regulatory instruments as there is a two-way causation between regulation and bank business models. This implies a symbiotic relationship between regulation and bank business models: business models respond to regulation which in turn responds to the evolution of new business models. Value/originality. Such survey is conducted at the first time among Ukrainian banks. The main differences which are between European and Ukrainian bank business models are marked out. Recommendations concerning improving of bank business models in Ukraine are given.


Electrophoresis, which is defined as the migration of charged molecules or nanoparticles with the effect of an applied electric field, is a technique used for the separation and analysis of these substances by applying an electric potential to a liquid or solid medium. A charged solid nanoparticle covered with a permeable layer is a common example of natural nanosubstances such as biocolloids. Studying the translocation of such a particle along a nanochannel will provide a better understanding of such natural phenomena. With the emergence of a wide range of applications such as sequencing, separation, extraordinarily small volume chemical delivery, using nano-scale channel-like structures, it has become essential to adjust the velocities of the substances translocating through these nanostructures. In this study, the translocation of a charged solid nanoparticle through a nanochannel filled with an aqueous electrolyte solution, activated electrophoretically by an applied electric potential effect, was numerically investigated. Poisson-Nernst-Planck model, and modified Stokes and Brinkman equations were used for numerical solution. The ionic layer formed around the charged particle and the outer region of this layer were examined separately in terms of hydrodynamics, by applying different mathematical models. It was observed that the electrophoretic velocity of the nanoparticle strongly depends on the charged permeable layer formed around it.


The unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) aerial technology increasingly been widely used and attention, this paper first describes the cause of geometric distortion of aerial image, and then using Denavit-Hartenberg (D-H) theory on the flight attitude change of the UAV has led to the phenomenon of image distortion analysis, and the establishment of corresponding image geometric correction model. The terrain is relatively flat areas near a school in Guilin as an aerial target area, geometric correction processing the acquired aerial imagery, experimental results show the effectiveness of the method.


Electron-energy-loss and electron-transmission spectra of (all-E)-1,3,5,7-octatetraene were recorded with a trochoidal electron spectrometer. The energy-loss spectra reveal two triplet states at 1.73 and 3.25 eV (0,0-transitions), the UV-active 11Bu state at 4.40 eV, and a higher-lying singlet state at 6.04 eV. The 21Ag state recently reported to be the lowest excited singlet state in this polyene, could not be observed. This failure is probably de to a small excitation cross section under the scattering conditions used and the presence of the second triplet sate in the pertinent energy region. The electron-transmission spectrum revealed three resonances (i.e. short-lived anion states) at 1.5, 2.5, and 4.15 eV.


The authors present a system model and software and hardware support for voice and data integration (voice packetization, queuing, merging, and signaling). Test results and troubleshooting procedures in the line-error environment are highlighted. Experiments with the length of a voice packet, with a line speed, with an error generator on simulated data and on artificial voice, and with a full laboratory conversational test are also described. Specifications for a voice and data integrator custom IC based on the test results and the collected knowledge are established and presented. The achievable limits with today's technology for the voice and data integration custom IC are up to 144 kb/s, with a line high-speed data rate of up to 160 kb/s.<<ETX>>


LoKI is a SANS instrument being built by STFC ISIS as an in-kind contribution to ESS. According to the recent schedule, LoKI, is one of the first three instruments of ESS that is going to contribute to early science from 2023. MCNP calculations were carried out to determine the required shielding around different sections of the instrument. For the geometry development, SuperMC/MCAM was used. Highlights from the neutronics calculations based on the most frequent classes of possible events are presented here. These include heavy shutter performance, collimator section shielding and detector tank shielding. Activation and background calculations are not detailed in this paper.


The effect of Nandrolone Decanoate on the Epididymis Weight and it's Histological Structure in Adult Male Mice Shiama Ahmed Rahim College of science for women Univ. of Babylon Abstract This study aimed to identify the effect of different doses of nandrolone decanoate on epididymis weight and histological changes in epididymis in adult male mice.these males was injected subcutaneously(in distled region of femur)with (50,100mg/kgm body weight )every 2 days for 30 days. Histological section examination shows reduction of the diameter of epididymal tubules , the diameter of lumen of epididymal and the height of epithelial cells in (caput & cauda )of epididymis and increase the percentage of damage in epididymal caput tubules for treatment group in comparing with control group which injected with normal saline and realved histopathological changes includes accumulation of the odematous fluid inside the tubules , interstitial spaces between tubules,degreagation of epithelial epididymis and absence of tubules from sperm.


In a stochastic multiobjective framework, fuzzy decision-making methodology is exploited to decide the generation schedule of committed thermal stations. The multiobjective problem is formulated considering objectives like fuel cost, gaseous pollutant emission, variance of active and reactive generation mismatch, and a voltage profile minimisation to avoid violation of active power-line flow limits with explicit recognition of statistical uncertainties in the thermal generation cost, gaseous emission curves, real and reactive power demand and voltage magnitude at each bus, which are random variables. Equality and inequality network constraints are also incorporated as objectives to be optimised. Objectives of a fuzzy nature are quantified by defining their membership functions. The problem is solved sequentially in the decoupled form. The Hooke-Jeeves method has been employed to generate noninferior solutions within minimum and maximum limits of power generation. The min-max technique is used to select the optimal solution interactively. This technique has the advantage to maximise the most underachieved objective also. A IEEE five-generator, 25-bus and 35-line power system has been used to demonstrate the applicability of the method.


Traditionally, catalytic processes are calculated using the total energy approach from density functional theory (DFT), and the method to determine the barriers of the adsorption/desorption from DFT calculations is thus still not available. In this work, we choose CO adsorption/desorption on Pt(111) as a model for two reasons. First, it is often a rate-limiting step in many catalytic reactions. Second, the disagreement between the experiment and DFT calculations on the CO adsorption sites of Pt(111) has been known as "the CO puzzle" in the literature, and to further understand the puzzle is desirable. We introduce a molecular dynamics method within the framework of DFT, allowing us to calculate the free energy barriers of adsorption/desorption without experimental inputs. Our results show that the top site is more preferred for CO adsorption in terms of free energy, which agree with experimental work, but in contrast to the traditional DFT total energy calculations. A delocalized nature of CO chemisorptio...


Purpose
Outer blood retinal barrier breakdown is a neglected feature of diabetic retinopathy (DR). We demonstrated that the agonism of the δ opioid receptor (DOR) by epicatechin preserves the tight junction proteins in ARPE-19 cells under diabetic conditions. Presently, we aimed to evaluate the possible role of the DOR on the maintenance of tight junction of RPE layer and on the early markers of experimental DR.

Methods
DR markers and external retinal tight junction proteins were evaluated in CL57B diabetic mice submitted to intravitreous injection of short hairpin RNA (shRNA)-DOR (108 transducing units [TU]/mL) treated or not with DOR agonist (0.05 g/animal/d of epicatechin in drinking water) for 16 weeks. The presence of DOR in human retina from postmortem eyes from diabetic and nondiabetic donors were also performed.

Results
DOR is present in RPE layer and in neuro retina. The treatment with DOR agonist prevented the upregulation of the early markers of retinopathy (glial fibrillary acidic protein, VEGF) and the downregulation of pigment epithelium-derived factor, occludin, claudin-1, and zonula occludens-1 tight junction expressions. The silencing of DOR in retina of diabetic mice partially abolished the protective effects of epicatechin. In human retina specimens, DOR is present throughout the retina, similarly in nondiabetic and diabetic donors.

Conclusions
This set of experiments strongly indicates that the DOR agonism preserves RPE tight junctions and reduces the early markers of retinopathy in model of diabetes. These novel findings designate DOR as a potential therapeutic tool to treat DR with preservation of the RPE tight junction proteins.


Abstract Hauerwas explores the nature of care. Exploring the notion of parenthood and the purpose of having children, he provides a theological framework which reframes our understanding of all children, including those whom we have chosen to label "mentally retarded."


SUMMARY Objective Function-sparing surgery is the cornerstone for the treatment of benign parotid neoplasms. We assessed the incidences and determinants of the main postoperative complications, reappraising their influence on the patient's quality of life (QoL). Methods Patients who underwent parotid surgery for benign neoplasms were reviewed (2016-2019). Parotidectomy Outcome Inventory-8 (POI-8) and condition-specific questionnaires were used to investigate the patient's perspective. Results We enrolled 211 patients. Preservation of the posterior branch of the great auricular nerve (GAN) seemed to reduce early dysfunction (87% vs 96%, p = 0.053), but not the late one. Deep lobe dissection and resection of more than one parotid segment favoured first bite syndrome (FBS) and Frey's syndrome (FS), respectively (16% vs 3%, p = 0.003; 37% vs 15%, p = 0.003). Neither GAN impairment, FBS, nor FS influenced patient QoL. Facial weakness affected 19 patients (9%), being more likely after total parotidectomy (23% vs 7%, p = 0.034). According to POI-8, QoL was mainly jeopardised by fear of revision surgery, especially in females (p = 0.005) and those experiencing early complications (p = 0.004). Conclusions Reappraisal of the patient's perspective after functional parotid surgery is fundamental to tailor preoperative counselling.


The following three problems are addressed: (1) multiple-input single-output heteroassociative networks for signal validation for distributed sensor arrays; (2) multiple-input multiple-output autoassociative networks for plant-wide monitoring of a set of process variables for diagnostics; and (3) artificial neural networks for online estimation of chemical composition from spectroscopy data. Both static and dynamic forms of the backpropagation network (BPN) have been developed and applied to the solution of these problems. Chemometric data from Raman FT (Fourier transform) spectroscopy was used to estimate chemical sample composition. Several features of network training and implementations are presented, including adaptive updating of the sigmoidal threshold function during training, an optimal choice of hidden layer nodes using Shannon's information theory approach, and automatic scaling of network inputs and outputs for data encoding and decoding. The details of the development and implementation of the multilayer perceptrons and applications to industrial problems are highlighted.<<ETX>>


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Over the past 15 years, opinion regarding the suitability of alcoholic patients for liver transplantation has fluctuated from overt disapproval to optimism that liver transplantation might have a beneficial effect on alcoholic behaviour. The former view was evaluated by an opinion survey among the general population, general practitioners and hospital specialists in Great Britain, in which the vignette of an alcoholic in need of liver transplant was consistently rated as justifying a low priority.1 The origin of optimism about the salutary effects of transplantation on alcoholic relapse came from Thomas Starzl, who coined the aphorism that, "liver transplantation was the ultimate sobering experience".2The current status of liver transplantation for alcoholic liver disease rests somewhere between these two extremes.

Alcoholic liver disease is a common diagnosis among patients selected for liver transplantation in North America and Europe. It often occurs in conjunction with chronic hepatitis C infection. All transplant programmes try to identify patients who will remain abstinent, although how best to achieve this end is less certain. The study by Pageaux et al , in this issue (see page 421), is unusual in not including psychiatry as part of the pretransplant assessment.4 The requirement for a fixed period of abstinence, the so called six …


[1] Magnetic fabrics show that a series of massive diabase sills ("Logan sills") possess flow fabrics away from the midcontinental Proterozoic rift system, near its triple junction on the north shore of Lake Superior. Their intense remanences are commonly antiparallel to the geomagnetic field, requiring some knowledge of natural remanent magnetization in order to interpret of ground magnetic surveys. Thermal demagnetization, low-temperature demagnetization, and the combined techniques yield differently oriented characteristic remanence vectors in some of these sills. Although the commonly reported "Keweenawan" reversed paleofield direction is verified by most A components, the orientation of vectors within sites and through the thickness of sills is large and may be attributed to reversals, excursions, and secular variation. B components are mostly down, but their orientation distribution is poorly concentrated. Low-temperature demagnetization, prior to thermal demagnetization, tends to improve the consistency of vectors defined in subsequent thermal demagnetization. Moreover, in some cases, three to five cycles of low-temperature demagnetization alone produces the same result as the more time-consuming thermal demagnetization. Some within-site scatter of the A components is large, and some anomalous specimen directions and alternate polarities may be associated with platinum group mineralization. Whereas the grand mean direction for all sites lies on the available apparent polar wander path between 1100 and 1300 Ma, the mean paleopole locations differ at the 95% level for different demagnetization treatments of specimens from the same sites.