In Greater Mekong Sub-region (GMS), economic liberalization and deregulation facilitated by GMS Regional Economic Corporation Program (GMS-ECP) has triggered urbanization in the region. However, the urbanization rate and its linkage to socio-economic activities are ambiguous. The objectives of this paper are to: (a) determine the changes in urban area from 1972 to 2013 using remote sensing data, and (b) analyse the relationships between urbanization with respect to socio-economic activities in central Laos. The study employed supervised classification and human visible interpretation to determine changes in urbanization rate. Regression analysis was used to analyze the correlation between the urbanization rate and socio-economic variables. The result shows that the urban area increased significantly from 1972 to 2013. The socio-economic variables such as school enrollment, labour force, mortality rate, water source and sanitation highly correlated with the rate of urbanization during the period. The study concluded that identifying the highly correlated socio-economic variables with urbanization rate could enable us to conduct a further urbanization simulation. The simulation helps in designing policies for sustainable development.


The effect of carrier gas on thick GaN film grown by hydride vapor phase epitaxy on (0001) sapphire substrate has been studied by double crystal X-ray diffraction (DCXRD), polarizing microscope and field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM). H2, as carrier, is propitious to two-dimension growth pattern of GaN film but causes production of more defects and impurities. N2, as carrier, weakens pre-reaction and reduces content of defects and impurities, however, growth interface of GaN forms easily crystallographic facets but not epitaxial (0002) plane, which leads to appearing of protuberances. It may gain high crystal quality that first H2 and then N2 is adopted as carrier gas.


Oak alternatives aren't a 'sexy' part of the winemaking process, that gets a lot of mentions on back labels or separate pages within the winery website dedicated to delving into the details of which products are used and why different choices were made for certain wine styles. However, despite the lack of attention from the marketing and sales departments, oak alternatives have become a valuable resource for winemakers.


We consider a state estimation problem for gas pipeline flow modeled by the one-dimensional barotropic Euler equations. In order to reconstruct the system state, we construct an observer system of Luenberger type based on distributed measurements of one state variable. First, we show the existence of Lipschitz-continuous semi-global solutions of the observer system and of the original system for initial and boundary data satisfying smallness and compatibility conditions for a single pipe and for general networks. Second, based on an extension of the relative energy method we prove that the state of the observer system converges exponentially in the long time limit towards the original system state. We show this for a single pipe and for star-shaped networks.


Session hijacking attacks are one of the commonly experienced cyber threats in today's Internet. The primary reason behind session hijacking is the authentication process that only takes place during the initial login process. The session is initiated once both the users are authenticated. But the main issue regarding this is, the attacker could obtain the session key and hijack the ongoing session, thus getting access to messages he is not authenticated to see. To avoid session hijacking, continuous authentication is required. This project presents a method for providing continuous user authentication using biometric techniques such as face recognition and pattern matching. To avoid inconvenience caused to users due to continuous authentication, the process must be kept transparent to the user. Along with the traditional user id and password requirement, blink detection is done as well to provide additional authentication. The attacker is thus restricted from hijacking the session due to continuous authentication method like pattern matching. If the continuous authentication fails, the session is suspended and the face recognition method is invoked. Also, encryption algorithm is implemented on both sides to prevent message sniffing.


The environment has been the focus of degree programs widely available in American universities for slightly more than 30 years. Nevertheless, there is no agreement on the content of environmental curricula or on the qualifications of those teaching students in the programs. Graduates of environmental programs need more on-the-job training than those of other disciplines if they are to be effective practitioners in their chosen fields.


Objective To screen one strain of predominant bacteria from healthy human stool in order to explore the role of intestinal flora on human body. Methods TSN medium was used to separate and purify the intestinal bacteria from the feces of healthy subjects. Bacterial culture,observation of colony morphology,staining and microscopy,separation and purification,biochemical tests and16S rDNA method were used to identify the isolate. Results A gram-positive strain was isolated and identified as Clostridium butyricum subspecise JMY1. Conclusion This study provided a theoretical basis and foundation for further study on the role of Clostridium butyricum in colon cancer.


Chronic myeloid leukemia is a clonal disorder of myeloid origin which transforms into more aggressive phenotypes, either acute myeloid leukemia or acute lymphoblastic leukemia. The long-term outcome of chronic myeloid leukemia has significantly improved with tyrosine kinase inhibitor imatinib. In contrast, heavy chain deposition disease is a disorder of lymphoid origin due to a plasma cell clone classified under monoclonal immunoglobulin deposition disease with truncated monoclonal heavy chain deposition along basement membranes of many organs, predominantly the kidneys causing significant organ dysfunction. The connection between the two disorders seems to be vague and undefined. We report a novel case of treated chronic myeloid leukemia with imatinib in sustained clinical and cytogenetic remission who presented with heavy chain deposition disease of the kidney, causing renal dysfunction and nephrotic range proteinuria that responded to clone-directed therapy. Given these disorders' two different cell lines, their association could be fortuitous only. However, in the light of a few dozen cases published thus far in which the prototypical plasma cell disorders multiple myeloma and monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance have evolved from cases of treated CML, this association seems to be genuine, the possible genesis of which is discussed in this manuscript. Long-term exposure of chronic myeloid leukemia patients to imatinib could predispose some rare, vulnerable patients to a plasma cell disorder, including heavy chain deposition disease.


This articale, by means of a case study of micro-wave market,elaborates dynamic effects of a firm's competitive conduct:price competition on market structure and performance On the basis of positive analysis, it denotes that it is asymmetry between marketentry barriers and exit barriers that leads to continuous price war Without barrlers to entry and exit price competition behavior not only brings out firms' survival or elimination through selection and resource's optimal allocation, but also optirnizes market structure andenhances performance,which could finally settle"Marshall's Dilemma" and result in efficient competition.


Basing on national standards and evaluation of uncertainty in measure,as well as Poisson theory we evaluated uncertainty in plate counts of coliform group in foods.According to analyzing the resources of uncertainty for plate counts of coliform group in foods,we set up a simple and feasible method for uncertainty evaluation for plate counts of coliform group in foods.The results showed that the major factors of Uncertainty evaluation for plate counts of coliform group in foods were from sample quantity,dilution times,testing volumes of food samples,plate counts of coliform group and the proportion of producing gas in brilliant green lactose bile(BGLB)vessel,in which the last two factors played a dominant role.


Competencies in a large number of languages brought to our schools by representatives of linguistic minority groups are, through an unspoken policy of subtractive language education, irrevocably lost as national foreign language resources. This occurs in spite of repeated declarations of national leaders in commerce, defense, education, and international affairs that our foreign language resources are in a "scandalous" state. There are promising ways in which our schools can conserve the extraordinarily valuable language resources that are currently being squandered. A description of a model of two-way bilingual education is described that has the potential of providing opportunities for linguistic minority children to develop mature, adult literacy skills in their ancestral language.


In many problems of estimation, the high gain technique is used to compensate for nonlinear terms in order to guarantee the convergence of the estimator. However, the use of the high gain generally generates the so-called peak phenomena (at the beginning, the estimated trajectory deviates from the desired one). We extend the observer stated in J. P. Gauthier et al. (1992) to a class of MIMO nonlinear systems. The proposed observer takes into account the peak phenomena. An application to a heat exchanger is illustrated in simulation.


In this paper, a finite element program for the runner of Francis turbine by three-dimensional isoparaetric element with twenty nodes and a corresponding automatic mesh generation program are completed on the basis of the structure and the deformation characteristic of the runner.The results are very similar to those of actual measurement.


The terminal phase of cancer is one of the most complex challenges that a family system may face. However, research about the impact of terminal cancer on family is still scarce. Therefore, the present study aims to determine the prevalence and predictors of morbid distress, depression, anxiety, somatization and complicated anticipatory grief on family members of terminally ill cancer patients. Methods: One hundred and twelve family members of terminally ill cancer patients completed a survey that regarded measures of psychological morbidity, anticipatory grief, family needs and family functioning. The prevalence of psychological morbidity was determined by Neide Areia, Sofia Major, Gabriela Fonseca, Vivianne Oliveira, & Ana Paula Relvas www.sp-ps.pt 170 descriptive and frequency statistics. Predictors of psychological morbidity were determined through structural equation modelling. Results: Family members reported high levels of psychological morbidity (66.1% for morbid distress, 68.8% for depression, 72.3% for anxiety, 50.9% for somatization and 25.9% for complicated anticipatory grief). Among other factors, the dissatisfaction with healthcare and the family functioning seem to be important predictors of the development of psychological morbidity. Discussion/Conclusion: The results of this study show a preoccupying prevalence of psychological morbidity in family members of terminally ill cancer patients. For such, it is demonstrated the importance of implementing a family-centred care approach – particularly in end-of-life contexts – with the aim of decreasing the risk of development of family members' maladjusted responses, both before and after the patient's death.


Contemporary data illustrate that more than half of the world's population now lives in urban areas (Ngoran et al., 2015). With surging population in the urban milieu, the quest for more food production is inevitable. This, therefore, substantiates the importance of agricultural practices in the urban milieu; a terminology called "urban agriculture" due to geospatial location. This article expatiates on the socioeconomic implications of urban agriculture in the city of Bamenda. It discusses employability, food security, education, health and women's role as interchangeably elements shaping life in Bamenda across all strata.It is however deduced that urban agriculture has ameliorated the living conditions of Bamenda city dwellers. Urban agriculture offers employment to about 11% of Bamenda's working population and the activity has also curtailed food expenses of civil servants. Food security, income generation, improve education and improve health are other aspects getting well-off due urban agriculture in Bamenda. Though urban agriculture in Bamenda appears to be a lucrative activity, it is still very daunting as it is done with rudimentary tools. When compared to the progress made by cities of emerging economies and those of the developed world, urban agriculture in Bamenda is far lagging behind. Therefore, the acquisition of advanced technology and availability of improved seedlings will reduce intense labour, keep the farmer in good health, maximize production and conserve farm outputs better. With the latter, farmers in Bamenda will not only notice a surge in their incomes, but will be at a vantage position of contributing in local developmental endeavours. Keywords : Urban Agriculture, Employment, Food Security, Nutrition, Income, Gender  Empowerment


T he gluconate salt form of quinidine, an alkaloid with antimalarial and antiarrhythmic (Class la) properties. Quinidine gluconate exerts its anti-malarial activity by acting primarily as an intra-erythrocytic schizonticide through association with the hemepolymer (hemozoin) in the acidic food vacuole of the parasite thereby preventing further polymerization by heme polymerase enzyme. T his results in accumulation of toxic heme and death of the parasite. Quinidine gluconate exerts its antiarrhythmic effects by depressing the flow of sodium ions into cells during phase 0 of the cardiac action potential, thereby slowing the impulse conduction through the atrioventricular (AV) node, reducing the maximal rate of phase 0 depolarization and prolonging the refractory period. Quinidine gluconate also reduces the slope of phase 4 depolarization in Purkinjefibres resulting in slowed conduction and reduced automaticity in the heart. Qeios · Definition, February 7, 2020


When a sound producing device is sealed in the ear canal, acoustical compliances resulting from pressurization of the trapped volume lead to dramatic boosts in SPL, up to 60 dB, especially at low frequencies. This has been found to result in listener fatigue, and to trigger the acoustic (stapedius) reflex, as well as producing temporary threshold shift. Repeated exposure can cause temporary threshold shift to become permanent. Hearing aids avoid this problem by suppressing frequencies below about 300 Hz, where the effect is most pronounced. Other devices such as ear buds and professional in-ear monitors, offer wider frequency response and thus expose listeners to potentially dangerous sound pressures. The trapped volume insertion gain is measured for ear buds by comparing SPL, measured in the ear canal, for sealed and unsealed conditions. New ear sealing technology is demonstrated that allows release of the excess acoustical compliance and thus mitigates the trapped volume insertion gain: (1) a vent cover...


The anomalously large dielectric aging in ferroelectric partially deuterated potassium dihydrogen phosphate is found to have multiple distinct mechanisms. Two components cause a decrease in dielectric response over a limited range of fields around the aging field. Substantial aging occurs on time scales of ∼1000 s after a field change, as expected for a hydrogen/deuterium diffusion mechanism. A slower component can give an almost complete loss of domain-wall dielectric response at the aging field after weeks of aging. There is also a particularly unusual aging in which the dielectric response increases with time after rapid cooling.


SUMMARY Further measurements have been made of the penetration of daylight into the sea near Plymouth, photometers containing both vacuum and gas-filled photo-electric cells being used. The effect of obliquity of illumination on the sensitivity of these photometers was large, and has been allowed for as far as possible. The sensitivity of the vacuum cell used in the sea attained its maximum at a wave length of about that of the gas-filled cell at about 4,350. The sensitivity of both to wave lengths greater than 5,500 was small.


SUMMARY The purpose of the study is to calculate the spatial correlation function of the average annual water runoff for the territory of Ukraine according to the data on average annual water flow for medium and large river basins. The spatial correlation function is the coefficients of paired correlation between river water runoff depending on the distances between the centers of gravity of their river basins. Mathematical statistics, statistical analysis of the relationships between hydrological variables, and GIS technologies were used to construct the spatial correlation function. It is concluded that in the range of distances between the centers of gravity of river basins (from 88.6 to 1040 kilometers) there is a positive correlation between the runoff of the studied rivers (from −0.05 to 0.88). Correlation coefficients with increasing distance between river basin centers are killing. A satisfactory correlation (at = 0.60–0.70) between the average annual river water runoff for the plain territories of Ukraine has observed at a distance between the centers of the basins 180–300 km, for the mountain areas - at a distance of 20–80 km.


The use of intensive chemical inputs causes lower availability of nutrients, organic matter, cation exchange capacity, and soil degradation.Therefore, this study aims to assess the soil quality index (SQI) for paddy fields in Jember, East Java, Indonesia. Input data for this study consist of land cover (interpreted from the Sentinel-2 image), soil type, and slope maps. Furthermore, the procedure to calculate soil quality index (SQI) include (1) spatial analysis to create the land unit, (2) preparation of soil sampling, (3) soil chemical analysis, (4) principal component analysis (PCA), and (5) reclassifying soil quality index (SQI).  The PCA results showed that three variables i.e., % sand, total- P, and % silt were strongly correlated to SQI, while three classes namely very low, low, and medium of SQI were sufficiently used to describe the spatial variability of the paddy field. Furthermore, approximately 41.14% of the paddy field area were classed as very low while 52.23%, and 6.63% were categorized as low and medium SQI respectively. Based on the results, about 93.37% of paddy fields in Jember Regency still require improvement in soil quality via the addition of ameliorants such as organic fertilizers to increase quality and productivity. This application needs to focus on areas with very low-low quality hence, the quality increased to the medium category.
Keywords : Mapping; Soil Quality Index (SQI); PCA; Paddy field
Copyright (c) 2021 Geosfera Indonesia and Department of Geography Education, University of Jember
 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Share A like 4.0 International License


New examples of characterization of vacancy-type defects in ion implanted and annealed SiC by the established technique of slow positron implantation spectroscopy are presented. In particular, the estimation of the depths of damaged regions and their change (a) after post-irradiation annealing, or (b) due to variation of substrate temperature during implantation, is addressed.


This essay juxtaposes the understanding of Konstruktion developed within German Constructivism to the humanist notion of Bildung that framed debates on the Bildungsroman and the novel at the beginning of the twentieth century. Far from refuting the project of Bildung, Konstruktion actualizes some of its central tenets while grappling with the questions of temporality and futurity that bedeviled the idea of Bildung. After tracing the ways in which Bildung and Konstruktion played out discursively in the early twentieth century, I examine how the two tropes are productively unfolded in One-Way Street (1928), Walter Benjamin's endeavor at grounding and enacting an activist model of literature. At issue is the possibility of grasping literature as a realm for the performative construction of the human outside the historical teleology that rendered Bildung unacceptable.


The classical theory of p-i-n rectifiers operation at high current densities [8] is generalized to the case of incomplete dopants ionization and bandgap narrowing in heavily doped regions. An impact of the following effects on the emitters injection coefficients in 4H-SiC p-i-n structures is shown. The limiting values of minority carriers' charges, which can be stored in heavily doped emitters of drift step recovery diodes, are estimated. A comparative analysis of Si and 4H-SiC p-i-n structures behavior has been carried out. The results of theoretical study are in reasonable agreement with the results of computer simulation in Synopsys Sentaurus TCAD software.


Brand strategy of aquatic products is an effective way to improve the management level of product quality,and promote the benign development of aquatic products industry. However,due to various reasons,the brand construction of aquatic products in China has been slow. The implementation status of brand strategy of aquatic products in China was studied,and existing problems and obstacles of aquatic products brand strategy in the implementation process were analyzed. On this basis,the methods of implementing the brand strategy of aquatic products in China were proposed.


Objective To observe the variation of coagulation, anticoagulation and fibrinolysis markers and to ascertain the mechanism of increasing cardiovascular risk. Methods The plasma level of von willebrand factor(vWF), P selectin were measured with EIA; Antithrombin (AT), tissue type plasminogen activator(t PA), plasminogen activator inhibitor(PAI) were measured with chromogenic method. Fibrinogen(Fbg) was measured with bioactivity method in 105 overweight and 103 obesity subjects. Results Compared with the control group, parameters of vWF, P selectin, Fbg, PAI significantly increased in overweight and obesity group( P 0.05-0.01), and were high correlated with BMI and the quantity of risk factor (hypertension, hyper blood glucose and hyperlipidemia). Compared with the control group, AT, t PA activator of overweight had no significantly different( P 0.05). And in the obesity group, AT, t PA activity were significantly decreased ( P 0.05). Conclusions The overweight and obesity groups usually exist hypercoagulability; Anticoagulation and fibrinolysis function decline. And this changes may be the main reason for increasing the cardiovascular risk.


As a traditional Chinese cuisine, hotpot is popular all over the world. Hotpot meat is often presented in the form of meat-slices and meatballs. In daily life, people observe the discoloration and up-floating to judge whether the meatball is well cooked. Experiments have confirmed that such methods lack scientific basis and pose threat to food safety.Firstly, a thermodynamic model of meatballs heating in boiling water is constructed. The theoretical calculation is established and solved by MATLAB and Ansys Discovery Live. The effect of change of meatball diameter and hotpot heating power on the unsteady-state temperature field of meatballs is obtained, concluding that the heating power barely affects the heating process of meatballs.Secondly, the thermodynamic model of meatballs is verified through experiments. Two types of meatballs made of beef with diameters of 30mm and 35mm respectively are used as the experimental objects. A commonly-used household induction heater and a hotpot are used as the heating devices. Several K-type armored thermocouples and an electronic thermometer are used as temperature measuring and data collecting devices. Regarding the difference on meatball diameters and heating powers, multiple experiments are operated. The experimental data graphs are drawn by Excel and MATLAB. The experimental results and the theoretical calculations fit well. The heat transfer coefficient between meat and boiling water is estimated accordingly.A similar thermodynamic model of meat slices is constructed and solved by analytical method. MATLAB is used to draw the temperature curve of the heating process. However, the cooking time calculated by the theoretical model is apparently longer than the actual cooking time. The convective mass transfer phenomenon is further introduced to better describe the heating process of meat slices. Through theoretical derivation, it is found that the rate of mass transfer is related to the surface area to volume ratio of meat. Hence, the heating process of meat slices, compared to that of meatballs, is more significantly affected by mass transfer phenomenon.The conclusions of this paper can provide guidance on eating hotpot food safely.


The invention discloses a silanized molecular sieve functionalized rhodamine B adsorbent with a structural formula. A preparation method of the silanized molecular sieve functionalized rhodamine B adsorbent comprises the steps of: initiating through ammonia water; stirring at room temperature for 24h by taking N,N-dimethyl formamide as a solvent; importing silane coupling agent 3-( methacryloxy) propyl trimethoxysilane on the surface of SBA-15 inner cavity; orderly carrying out washing and filtering by using N,N-dimethyl formamide, acetone, methanol and deionized water; and carrying out vacuum drying at 100 DEG C to obtain a rhodamine B adsorption material. In the invention, the preparation process is simple and an ammonia water initiation synthesis method is adopted so that the reaction time is saved and the organic solvent is saved; and the prepared separation material is novel in structure and flexible for application and can be used for adsorbing rhodamine B.


Background: The quality of life related to health has become an important part of the medical decision at the same time as the effectiveness and safety of treatments. Clinicians should consider the quality of life of women at each clinical phase of the care trajectory. Indeed, the physical, functional, psychological, and social difficulties that women live may affect their quality of life, hence the need to assess it. Aim: To evaluate the quality of life of women with breast cancer using a previously validated tool. Methods: This is a prospective cohort study with a longitudinal follow-up of patients treated and followed for breast cancer at the Gynecology Department of EHS El Bouni and medical oncology service, over a period of one year from April 1, 2013 until March 31, 2014. 196 patients were selected for the study according to specific inclusion criteria. Both questionnaires QLQC30/BR23 were informed after diagnosis (T1), after surgery and about a month after the end of chemotherapy (T2), and one month after the end of radiotherapy and the beginning of hormonal therapy (T3). Results: ANOVA analysis shows that the quality of life related to the health of women with breast cancer changes over time, overall, it is worse during the time 2 "treatment period" including chemotherapy. The alteration scores are concerned with both generic and specific functional dimensions. The same happens at the level of symptoms where we note an increase in different symptoms during the treatment. During time 3, women have a better score for "emotional" "role" functioning and overall health; they have fewer side effects and symptoms for radiotherapy and follow-up. We observe a decrease in sexual functioning during the diagnosis; it then slightly improves after the end of chemotherapy and decreases during hormonal therapy. Regarding the socio-demographic factors, we have found a significant association on the one hand, between the age of the patient and the importance of "body image" in the quality of life, and on the other hand, between the socio-economic level and the symptoms in the breast. Conclusion: This study emphasizes the importance of evaluating longitudinally the quality of life related to the health of women with breast cancer at different times of the care trajectory, particularly during chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Thus, better psychosocial resources can be developed to help these groups of women.


It is widely accepted that most materials behave differently when submitted to different levels of strain-rate. The strain-rate sensitivity can be modelled by means of constitutive models. The various models proposed in the literature are quite different and criteria for their selection are not available. Furthermore material data are not commonly available because their identification is rather difficult. The aim of this work is to propose a numerical procedure to identify the material parameters needed to take into account for the strain-rate sensitivity. The identification procedure is based on the simulation of an experimental test. Two different constitutive models have been considered. Advantages and limitations of these models are discussed and parameters for the two considered materials were identified.


Abstract:The book of Claudio Magris's doctoral thesis, Il mito absburgico nella letteratura austriaca moderna (1963) made a decisive contribution to the renaissance of modern Austrian literature. However, whereas later influential monographs on Viennese modernism emphasized its innovativeness, Magris — with what he referred to as the 'Habsburg myth' — foregrounded its striking backwardness. This article reconstructs the discursive context of his surprising judgement, focusing on two particular sources of inspiration which pre-empt Magris's main thesis: Hermann Broch's cultural historical essay on his own origins Hofmannsthal und seine Zeit [Hofmannsthal and his Times, 1955/1975] and Karl Kraus's 'Nachruf' [Obituary, 1919], a very personal reckoning with the fallen Habsburg monarchy.


A Monte Carlo (MC) method is applied to calculate radiative transfer in a nongray medium using spectral radiative exchange factor RD ij u . The creditability of the present MC model has been validated by comparing it with the results using other research methods. Meanwhile, the radiative transfer in an isothermal and nonisothermal medium with nongray absorbing-emitting-anisotropic ash particles is calculated by a nongray model and several gray approximation methods. A simplification from a nongray problem to a gray one by Rosseland's mean extinction coefficient, mean albedo y bar 2 , and Planck mean phase function is suggested.


Recently, it is proposed that epinephrine(Ep) could regulate the sympathetic nerve activity and partly contribute to the pathogeneis of hypertension. The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether epinephrineinduced modulations of norepinephrine(NE) release from the adrenergic nerve endings might be changed in spontaneously hypertensive rats(SHR, Okamoto & Aoki) compared with age-matched normotensive Wistar Kyoto rats(WKY).


In this paper the authors investigate how stationary supercapacitors (SCs) based energy storage system (ESS) control parameters affect the overall energy consumption of the public electric transport system. Optimal control parameters are found for different numbers of trams by the use of the simulation model of the tram system. The results show that the SC bank optimal discharge level has almost the same value for different numbers of trams.


It is difficult to detect traffic anomaly accurately in real-time network management.A traffic anomaly detection algorithm based on steady model is proposed.Both weighted mean value and variance statistics method are used to build and update the steady model.Furthermore ROC curve method is used to assess performance.The complexity of the new algorithm is comparatively low with occupying little system resource and it possesses real-time auto-alarm function.Also simulation shows that the study is a valuable reference for advancing exploration of real-time traffic anomaly detection.


Approximately one third of serious runners will incur an injury in a given year, and approximately one third of the injuries will involve the knee. Biomechanical studies on running reveal the tremendous cyclic forces to which the knee is subjected. There are several etiologic factors involved, including training errors, anatomic and biomechanical variations, and differences in shoes and running surfaces. Training errors, particularly rapid transitions in training, are responsible for two thirds of injuries. Knee injuries in runners must be approached with a thorough review of the training program and a complete examination of the lower extremity. Several conditions can cause anterior knee pain commonly involving the extensor mechanism, and these must be differentiated. Most knee injuries can be resolved with conservative treatment, but occasionally surgery is indicated. After a layoff due to injury or surgery, appropriate rehabilitation, including a graduated return to running, is essential to avoid reinjury. J Am Acad Orthop Surg 1995;3:309-318 Distance running is a significant part of the basic fitness program of many people. However, "serious" distance runners (defined as those who run more than 25 miles per week) face an injury rate of approximately 30% each year. In their 1985 study, McKenzie et al1 reported that the incidence of knee injuries in runners had increased from 18% in studies performed a few years earlier to 50%. They believed that the improved construction of running shoes probably played some role in reducing the number of leg and foot injuries, but had not been quite as effective in protecting the knee. In a review of the epidemiologic literature in regard to running injuries, van Mechelen2 found that most running injuries occur in the lower extremity, preponderantly in the knee. In another review of data on running biomechanics, James and Jones3 also found that the knee is the most common site of running injuries. Biomechanics of Running Injur ies Leadbetter's "rule of too's" (i.e., athletes court disaster when they exercise too often, too hard, and too soon and too much after injury and attempt remediation too little and too late)4 often applies to runner's injuries, most of which are attributable to training errors. The body is a tremendously adaptable mechanism, but it requires time to accommodate to new stress levels, which in the case of the knee can be significant. In a study in 1978, James et al5 reported that training errors accounted for two thirds of runners' injuries and that one third of the injuries affected the knee. Lysholm and Wiklander6 studied variables in runners' injuries and found that a training fault was the cause in 72% of the cases. Such training errors involve a sudden change in the frequency, duration, and/or intensity of training. The most common error is suddenly increasing mileage or trying to maintain too high a training mileage. Scott and Winter7 calculated the patellar tendon force to be around 4.7 to 6.9 times body weight. They also found patellofemoral joint compressive forces to be 7.0 to 11.1 times body weight in a jogger and two middle-distance runners. Peak loads were associated with the midsupport and push-off phases of running, when muscle activity is maximal. This type of biomechanical information is consistent with high knee loads and greater frequency of injury. Dr. James is Courtesy Professor, Department of Exercise and Movement Science, University of Oregon, Eugene, and is in private practice with Orthopedic & Fracture Clinic of Eugene. Reprint requests: Dr. James, Orthopedic & Fracture Clinic of Eugene, 1200 Hilyard, Suite 600,


A pressurized biofilm reactor was developed by combining pressurization,jet aeration and biofilm technologies,and the influence of organic load,pressure and air supply rate on the treatment efficiency of pickled mustard tuber wastewater was investigated.The results show that under the conditions of water temperature of(30±5) ℃,pressure of 0.2 MPa,organic load of 16 kgCOD/(m3·d),phosphate load of 160 gPO3-4-P/(m3·d),DO of 5 mg/L,air supply rate of 300 L/h and no sludge discharge,the removal rates of COD and phosphate are 94.6% and 54.3% respectively.Compared with the normal pressure reactor,the removal efficiency of COD is increased by 25 times with biological reduction of phosphate for phosphorus removal.The optimal pressure and air supply rate are 0.14 MPa and 300 L/h respectively.


Professor Ben Bauman, James Madison University, spent more than 20 years as an active member of IACIS, much of that time as Treasurer and Board member. His dedication to both the organization and his profession are well known, and we will miss his wise counsel and love for life. Ben died last year, and IACIS has established the Ben Bauman Award for Excellence in his memory. Criteria for selection for the award include: (1) long and outstanding service or (2) junior faculty that show exceptional promise and excellence. Ben spent much of his academic career mentoring junior faculty, helping them develop their skills in both teaching and research. Service to IACIS and his university, along with his contributions to other professional organizations, was also very important to him. It is our intention to accept nominations of senior faculty with an outstanding record of service along with nominations of junior faculty showing great promise. For the first year, an award will be made for each category. In future years, one nominee will be selected from all applications for the award. Presentation will be made at the annual meeting.


Abstract : A radar experiment was conducted at Kwajalein Atoll, Marshall Islands to investigate the spatial relationship of 1-m equatorial spread-F irregularities to total electron content (TEC) depletion. A high-power radar was operated (1) in a backscatter scan mode to spatially map the distribution of 1-m irregularities, and (2) in a dual-frequency, satellite-track mode to obtain the longitudinal TEC variations. Using the radar data, we show that radar backscatter 'plumes' found in the disturbed, nighttime equatorial ionosphere are longitudinally coincident with TEC depletions. We suggest that the TEC depletions are probably due to the presence of plasma bubbles in the equatorial F layer. (Author)


Abstract : The effects of organizing ideas to produce a written text are investigated and discussed in terms of models of long term memory and of composition. Subjects generated ideas relevant to a specific topic on Day 1. Then they organized their ideas and wrote a coherent text on the topic. Twenty four hours later, subjects tended to free recall groups of ideas that had been clustered together during the text organization phase of the experiment, consistent with the time locking cluster.


microfluidic circuit comprising microchannels (24, 26) with different fluids (F1, F2) on an interface (30) from which a laser beam is focused in (32) to form a pump, a valve or mixer example.


This experimental essay attempts to show how alternative methods and approaches are valuable in interrogating the ways in which orthodox theories of international relations (IR) approach peace. Drawing on a broad variety of critical traditions, it seeks to encourage the development of creative and experimental interdisciplinary approaches as well as to underline the deficiencies of more instrumentalist theories and methods. It especially tries to show how eclectic and experimental theories and methods produce sophisticated insights that are capable of reorienting analysis so as to respond to dynamics that must be understood if sustainable and multiple variations of peace are to emerge.


The article examines Genoese responses to plague during the old regime. Much like the Venetian, the Genoese ruling class understood the nexus between plague, poverty, and famine, and how these, in turn, tied in with political unrest. Some of the Republic's main political and diplomatic crises were indeed followed by severe outbreaks of plague. Thus, the 1528 plague marked the proclamation of the oligarchic Republic, as a Spanish protectorate, masterminded by Andrea Doria, whereas the 1579-1580 plague closed the civil wars (a struggle of the old patriciate against an alliance of the new patriciate with the popular faction, 1575-1576). While the plague that swept through northern Italy in 1628-1630 narrowly missed Genoa, it became a metaphor with Genoese political thinkers for the narrowly escaped annexation of the Republic by Charles Emmanuel I of Savoy (who died of plague in his encampment, together with scores of the heretics on his payroll). The 1656-1657 epidemic was the most severe in the Genoese old regime, capping an acute political and jurisdictional crisis with Rome and with archbishop Stefano Durazzo. Remarkable documents of this enduring state of conflict are the prayer composed by Paolo Foglietta (poet and brother to Oberto, who was a leader in the civil wars and later a historian of the Republic) invoking an end to the 1579-1580 epidemic, and the anonymous preghiera repubblicana (held at the Vatican Apostolic Archive) which the government of the Republic included in the official religious liturgy in response to a heated jurisdictional crisis with the Holy See (1605-1607). Rome ordered archbishop Orazio Spinola to have the prayer banned, but the 'Collegi' of the Republic attempted to have it reinstated following the 1656-1657 plague.

D. Fiasella, La peste a Genova, Courtesy of Archivio Fotografico Fondazione Franzoni, ETS – Genova


The 25-year old A-10A aircraft is being upgraded to last an additional 25 years. Precision engagement capability is being added. The reliability of current displays is analyzed to assess the performance achieved with the technologies involved in regular operations. Opportunities for upgrades that would save operational costs over the next 10 years are identified. The current assessment also includes end-user feedback to capture lessons learned to guide upgrades in other systems and to guide science and technology planning to address near- and far-term problems with fielded display technologies.


This paper presents an architecture to automatically create ad-hoc processes for complex value-added services and to execute them in a reliable way. The uniqueness of ad-hoc processes is to support users not only in standardized situations like traditional workflows do, but also unique non-recurring situations. Based on user requirements, a service composition engine generates such adhoc processes, which integrate individual services in order to provide the desired functionality. Our infrastructure executes ad-hoc processes by transactional agents in a peer-to-peer style. Moreover, the service composition engine is used to re-plan in the case of execution failures.


Purpose
The continued increase in mental health problems in students in higher education is a global public health concern. This study aims to examine the predictors of mental health in the context of higher education, focusing on first-year female undergraduate students as a particularly vulnerable group.

Design/methodology/approach
Two hundred first-year female undergraduates from a UK Higher Education Institution took part in a quantitative survey. Participants completed a range of questionnaires assessing resilience, perceived stress, levels of depression, hope, general anxiety and levels of exercise.

Findings
Two significant individual predictors of depression were identified: perceived stress and resilience. A mediation analysis showed that resilience acted as mediator for the impact of stress on depression. Two significant individual predictors of anxiety were identified: stress and exercise. There were no significant mediators.

Originality/value
To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first time a range of psychological and lifestyle predictors of mental health while exploring potential mediators have been investigated. From the findings, the authors suggest that psychoeducational interventions targeting resilience while also providing problem-solving strategies could augment internal resources and promote positive mental health in this particularly vulnerable group of young people.


The CCGS LOUIS S ST. LAURENT was conceived and built in the 1960's and then essentially re-constructed in the 1990's. This paper describes the changes made in the Statement of Requirements over that time period leading up to the decision to embark on the re-construction. The design decision making precesses are developed relevant to the social and economic factors, the technology levels and the regulatory regimens prevalent then and now. The reconstruction project comprised: removal of all asbestos containing materials; removal and replacement of the bow section complete with an air bubbler systems; replacement of the steam electric propulsion plant with a more efficient diesel electric power generation system; modernization of the heavy lift and aviation facilities. Following the removal of asbestos and machinery extensive hull corrosion was uncovered leading to a structural survey. A discussion is presented on the findings of the survey and the resultant structural modifications to the heeling tanks, replacement of tank tops, shell plate renewal and weld zone corrosion protection of the hull plating. Arctic trials conducted in September 1993 are described and vessel performance characteristics presented. Future plans for the ship, the 1994 polar voyage and the vessel deployment within CCGS are described.


Corneas from female pigmented rabbits were prepared for scanning electron microscopy at 15.00 h. The superior-temporal and inferior-nasal quadrants were evaluated at 500X at-stage magnification, normal to the corneal surface, at central, paracentral and peripheral sites. Non-parametric statistical analyses of the histograms of cell surface areas at each site from seven corneas revealed significant differences between the three sites but not between superior and inferior quadrants.


In Colombia the cultivation of bulb onion ( Allium cepa L) is a major generator of incomes and handwork for small growers in the departments of Boyaca, Narino and Cundinamarca. Its production is 320,000 t year-1, of which 185,000 t (58 %) are produced by the department of Boyaca, becoming the first producer at national level. The Irrigation District of the Alto Chicamocha (Drach) produces between 35,000 to 40,000 t, i.e. 12.5 % of the national volume and 21.62 % of the departmental one, this productive line is most relevant in the influence area of the district and it is the main source of income and employment both direct and indirect. It was used the methodology of group analysis to develop the general objective of this research to determine the profitability in the different units; information was collected on primary sources such as: social relations, cost structures, aspects of technical and administrative management, as well as the productivity gained. It was found three groups of profitability of the different units: head, medium and tail. It was concluded that the production costs of the onion bulb are classified in explicit (handwork,inputs, services, and others) and implicit (family work, lease, depreciation and capital income). It is proposed to the owners of the production units of the cola group, the optimization of irrigation, the appropriate use of agrochemicals and the implementation of appropriate cultural practices.


Socialization in early childhood of behavior leading to socio-economic and educational poverty was examined in mother-child interactions in problem-solving situations. The teaching styles, interactional modes, and attitudes toward school of Negro lower-status and ADC mothers appear to restrict the child's educability to such an extent that many lower-status children enter the first grade unable to assimilate information presented in a classroom setting. Present welfare policies supposedly designed to ameliorate this self-perpetuating deprivation threaten to institutionalize it, thus progressively creating a permanent "welfare class." To eventually eliminate the "cultural deprivation" which now characterizes a large segment of our society, measures attacking its cause, not its symptoms, must be instituted.


To decide whether the regARIMA model for an economic time series should include an Easter effect, seasonal adjusters at the U.S. Census Bureau use the AICC test in X-12-ARIMA (based on Akaike's Information Criterion corrected for sample size), along with subject matter information. However, the AICC test may be sensitive to model problems such as outliers whose t-statistics are below the threshold of the X-12ARIMA automatic outlier detection algorithm. One would expect that series affected by Easter will show patterns of X-11 extreme values or regARIMA outliers in March and April, particularly in years when Easter falls in March, but such patterns have not been systematically investigated. This paper shows that analysis of X-11 extreme values and regARIMA outliers can contribute to better Easter effect decisions. We will first examine patterns of these outlying values in synthetic series with known Easter effects. We will then consider two sets of Census series: retail sales series, for which there is a generally accepted economic rationale for an effect in the week before Easter; and manufacturing shipments series, for which Easter effects have not been investigated as thoroughly. We will show that X-11 extreme values in March and April are useful in identifying false Easter effect detections from the AICC test.


In 1988, E.M. Bator [긴 introduced a decomposition of bounded scalarly measurable functions taking their ranges in dual of a Banach space into a Pettis integrable part and. weak* null part. And she extended Musiaf s result ([9], Theorem 5.3) to the case X not necessa^ rily separable by a suitable weakening of the conclusioiL Usin용 Bator* s idea, we obtain Odelfs characterization. In 1982, L.H. Riddle [10] proved 나le following theorem : Theorem : Let (£l,Z,p) be a separable measure space. If S : 艺X* be a bounded linear operator with the Bourgain property, then S is Pettis representable. And he asked whether the converse is true. In this paper we define a new bounded linear operator on Li[0,U which is called a Pettis decomposable operator and our main theorem gives a partial answer to the above question.


It may be useful to survey briefly the development of the Christian/Marxist dialogue which took place in the 1960s between East and West Europeans. Christianity and Marxism were long hostile to each other and there seemed to be little that could bridge the gap between them. Deep-rooted mistrust and fears on both sides had to be overcome before the step from "anathema to dialogue," as Roger Garaudy put it, could finally be taken. In the 1970s we have come to a new phase of this development which I would call "from dialogue to alliance."This article can also be found at the Monthly Review website, where most recent articles are published in full.Click here to purchase a PDF version of this article at the Monthly Review website.


This paper presents a 6-18-GHz 6-bit broadband phase shifter (PS), which includes six stages. In order to acquire high phase shift resolution, broad bandwidth and small chip area, some different structures were used: (1)the switched-transmission-line structure was used to realize 5.625° phase shift. (2)the high-pass/low-pass filter structure was used to realize the 11.25°, 22.5° and 44.5° phase shifts. (3) the magnetically coupled all-pass network structure was used to realize 90° phase shift. (4)the lange-based structure was used to realize 180° phase shift. The phase shifter was designed in a 0.13-μm SiGe BiCMOS technology. The test results show that, the 6-bit phase shifter has a RMS error <4.3° and a insertion loss variation is ± 1dB at 6–18 GHz. The proposed 6-bit phase shifter achieves a high phase resolution with a broad band width. The core die occupies an area of 3.7mm ×1.2mm and consumes only 0.1 mA from a 1.8-V supply.


Anion chromatographic (lC) method was developed for the determination of sulfites infoods. Sulfites refer to sulfur dioxide that was separated from a food sample by addition of acid and heating, and carried into a trapping solution by distillation. The trapping solution was applied to IC system. Sulfites was separated on an anionic separator column, HPIC-AS4A with 0.75mM as the eluent and determined by the use of conductivity detector. The recoveries of sulfites added to water, carrot and apple at level of 1 ppm were 99.8%, 91.6% and 83.5%, respectively. The detection limit was 0.2 ppm in the case of a 10 g sample size. All experiment could be finished within 20 minutes


The Hallstatt facies of Austria consists mostly of red, subordinately also whitish to grey bedded wackestones rich in filaments (juvenile shells of pelagic bivalves) and echinoderms (microcrinoids). It accumulated a thickness of more than 100 m with a mean sedimentation rate of 3 m per million years over a period of 40 Ma, from Middle to Late Triassic. In the middle Rhaetian, concurrent with the formation of the siliciclastic intraplatform Kössen basins, accumulation of pelagic limestone ceased and was replaced by grey and later blackish marls of the Zlambach Formation. This is in sharp contrast to the dinarid and southern Tethys margin where Hallstatt Limestone and/or pelagic carbonate deposition continued to the top of the Triassic (e.g. Csövar, Sicily, Greece, Turkey, Oman).


The double QSO2345+007 comprises two optical components separated by 7.1\ arcseconds and is the most prominent `dark matter' gravitational lens candidate. Despite being known for more than a decade, optical spectroscopy and imaging have been unable to determine whether this double QSO is a binary QSO or a gravitational lens system. In this note we report a deep VLA observation of this system, yielding a map with a noise level of 8.5\ts $\mu$Jy per beam. We have a $4\sigma$ detection of a radio source within one arcsecond of the optical position of the brighter A-component of the QSO, but no significant detection of any radio counterpart of the B component. Given that the flux ratio in the optical waveband is $\sim$3--4, the gravitational lens hypothesis for this system would predict a radio flux of image B of $\lesssim 10$\ts $\mu$Jy. The non-detection of the B component is thus consistent with, but does not prove, the lens interpretation.


Objective: The temporal association between proximal anger and intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetration was examined using electronic daily diary assessment methodology. In addition, relevant demographic and relational variables were examined as potential moderators of the association between anger and IPV perpetration. Method: Participants were 184 men and women in dating relationships who completed daily surveys reporting anger and IPV for a period of 2 months. Results: Increases in proximal anger were associated with greater odds of psychological (2.78), physical (2.38), and sexual aggression perpetration (2.27). Analyses also demonstrated a quadratic relationship for psychological aggression and proximal anger, such that increased anger was more strongly associated with psychological aggression when anger was relatively low versus higher in the first place. Moderators of the relationship between proximal anger and IPV perpetration included age and length of relationship. Conclusions: These data are the first to provide evidence for the temporal relationship between anger and IPV perpetration. Data support electronic diary assessment as an effective way to assess moment-to-moment partner interactions, increase participant compliance, and minimize retrospective recall bias. Electronic diary assessment may also hold promise for the creation of intervention programs that address proximal anger in conjunction with distal variables that increase risk for IPV perpetration.


This paper examines critically the idea of educating mental health service users in the frame of neurobiological psychiatry as a way of understanding their experience. This idea is compared with the findings in five broad areas of the literature on schizophrenia: psychopharmacological research, psychosocial rehabilitation, first person accounts, international epidemiology and familial expressed emotion research. This literature, which includes reports of five meta-analyses, is used to highlight ethnographic findings from the author's original research. The implications of the argument made about aftercare education for the practice of occupational therapists in hospital and community psychiatry conclude the article.


Few topics in the field of organizational psychology and behavior have attracted as much research as work design. The design of work has an enormous impact on organizational success and individual well-being. The aim of this study is to build a work design model by including new and relevant variables, and to validate specific pattern of relationship between work characteristics and outcome variables. The study context is organizations within the health sector, profit and non-profit (religious-based) hospitals will be contrasted. Testable hypotheses derived from the model are specified. PDF Creator PDF4Free v2.0 http://www.pdf4free.com


Among its many roles, typography also serves to make a text more legible and readable, allowing the reader to follow the content flow with more ease. Typographic hierarchy, in turn, with its use of different logical and visual tools, serves to establish an order of importance of different text elements. To emphasize certain elements – i.e. create eye-catchers, typographers usually resort to making bigger and bolder items. In this paper we wish to examine whether white space can also serve as a means of emphasis. While several studies have already proven that white space influences consumer perception in advertising, no one has yet investigated the effects of white space on text scanning. With that in mind, we examined whether white space could contribute to the effectiveness and speed of text scanning. We used eye-tracking technology to collect accurate quantitative and visual data. Although the results did not show that white space has a positive effect on scanning speed or text structure memorability, we have noted a difference in the eye-movement pattern, which raises hope and leads us to believe that further research is needed.


An anisotropic (Bianchi type I) cosmology is considered in the four-dimensional NS-NS sector of low-energy effective string theory coupled to a dilaton and an axion-like H -field within a de Sitter-Einstein frame background. The time evolution of this Universe is discussed in both the Einstein and string frames.


Pyrolysis of protopine N-oxide (6) leads to the dibenzoxazacycloundecine (7) whose reduction with palladium catalyst affords (±)-corydalisol (2). Alternatively, zinc in acetic acid treatment of (7) leads to (±)-hypecorine (3) and (±)-corydalisol (2).


The objective was to perform a retrospective analysis of the incidence, characteristics, use of safety devices, treatment and complications of the maxillofacial trauma caused by bicycle accidents. The sample was selected from analysis of 2986 medical records from patients treated between 1999 and 2008 by the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery of the Faculty of Dentistry of Piracicaba, State University of Campinas (FOP-UNICAMP), State of Sao Paulo, Brazil. During this period, 757 patients under 18 years were treated, of which 220 were victims of bicycle accidents. The bicycle accidents constituted 29 % of the facial trauma. Only 1,8 % of the patients made use of safety devices. The adolescents were the most affected and the male gender was the most prevalent. 69 facial fractures were identified, being the jaw the most affected (55,1 %). The conservative treatment was used in most of the cases (72,4 %), while only one case of postoperative complication was reported. It is concluded that bicycle accidents represented the main etiology of the maxillofacial trauma, being the male gender predominant in all age groups evaluated. The mandibular fractures were the most prevalent and the majority of patients did not use any type of safety device.


A nanocrystal with high light absorption efficiency and a Correspondence Address: broad absorption spectrum, and a photovoltaic device com BACON & THOMAS, PLLC prising the nanocrystal are disclosed. The nanocrystal of the 625 SLATERS LANE, FOURTH FLOOR present invention comprises a core, a first shell grown and ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 formed on the Surface of the core, and a second shell grown and formed on the surface of the core or the surface of the


A bonding tray for indirect bonding of orthodontic appliances includes a body adapted to fit over at least a portion of the dental arch. One or more orthodontic appliances are releasably connected to the body, and a photocurable adhesive material extends across the base or bonding pad of each appliance for bonding the appliance to a tooth. An outer surface of the body includes at least one receptacle for removably receiving a source of light in order to facilitate curing the photocurable adhesive material.


Objective
To discuss the impact of proteinuria on major adverse cardiac events in the patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) in community and to analyze the relationship among proteinuria and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) and C-reactive protein (CRP).

Methods
This was a retrospective case-control study. The clinical data of 60 patients with CHF were analyzed. According to proteinuria compared with before, the patients were divided into non-aggravated proteinuria group (with an increase of <2+ , n=30) and aggravated proteinuria group (with an increase of 2+ and more, n=30). Proteinuria was determined by the method of the test paper and analyzed by using spectrophotometer and BNP, CRP were determined by immunofluorescence assay. The incidence of major adverse cardiac events (MACE) was compared between groups.

Results
BNP was a significant difference between proteinuria-aggravated group and non-proteinuria-aggravated group [(160.1±66.3) ng/L vs. (209.4±89.5) ng/L, P=0.02]. CRP was a significant difference between proteinuria-aggravated group and non-proteinuria-aggravated group [(5.7±2.9) mg/L vs. (8.2±4.5) mg/L, P=0.01]. Left ventricular ejection fraction was also significant different between proteinuria-aggravated group and non-proteinuria-aggravated group (62.5%±6.0% vs. 58.5%±7.0%, P=0.02). Proteinuria-aggravated group was associated with higher rates of diabetes mellitus (P=0.03), coronary heart disease (P=0.02), and worse NYHA class (P=0.04). The incidence of MACE in the two groups was statistically significant (all P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression showed that proteinuria was an independent risk factor for cardiogenic shock (OR=1.98, 95%CI: 1.21- 2.39) and mortality during hospitalization (OR=2.56, 95%CI: 1.65 - 3.95), after adjustment for age, diseases, BNP, hemoglobin and estimated glomerular filtration rat.

Conclusions
Proteinuria may relate with BNP and CRP in patients with CHF in community, and a risk factor of MACE.

Key words:
Chronic heart failure; Proteinuria; Brain natriuretic peptide; C-reactive protein; Major adverse cardiac events


In the papre,we analyze the reason of revolving inductosyn orthogonal error inducing measure error, and bring forward the compensatory method of non orthogonal excitement,therefore,the precision of angle measure is effectively advanced.


In brain networks, neurons communicate through action potentials or spikes. These spikes can be thought of as discrete events that constitute, in essence, a binary, time-varying spatial pattern over the entire network. A general hypothesis in neuroscience is that these patterns encode information, thus enabling function. Consequently, an emerging research direction in experimental neuroscience involves the use of neurostimulation technologies to artificially induce such patterns in a spatiotemporally precise manner - the so-called neurocontrol problem. In this work, we discuss the neurocontrol problem by means of statistical models, which, in contrast to more traditional dynamical-systems models, describe only the probability of spiking as a function of time. Thus, such models aggregate nonlinearity and uncertainty into a more tractable mathematical description. While statistical models are frequently used to describe experimental data, their use as tools for input construction is not as well explored. Here, we formulate an optimal control problem for spiking patterns via a weighted maximum likelihood approach and develop its solution. We demonstrate the design approach for a model network consisting of coupled stochastic integrate-and-fire neurons. Finally, we suggest how this overall framework can be used to develop a class of control analyses for point process models.


This article investigates Spenser's literary antecedents in order to provide a fresh interpretation of a controversial canto and a broader perspective on The Faerie Queene as a whole. Guyon's descent into the House of Mammon in II.vii. has long been read as a version of Christ's Harrowing of Hell. But too little attention has been paid to the sources of this legend. Spenser's retelling is indebted to two major accounts of the Harrowing in Middle English literature: the mystery cycles and Langland's Vision of Piers Plowman. These works share with The Faerie Queene the conception of Christ as a knight who descends to battle the forces of the underworld. More particularly they form the basis of Spenser's reworking of the story as a comic episode, in which a guileful but overconfident tempter is outwitted by his more resourceful prey. This interpretation of the myth asserts the power of human nature to turn its vulnerability into a tactical advantage against a Satanic tempter. Such a reading must act as a corrective to excessively negative assessments of Guyon. More broadly Spenser's use of Langland and the mystery plays demonstrates his capacity for blending serious theology with humor, his medievalism, and his poetic receptiveness to elements of Catholic dogma and imagery.


The pathogenesis of intussusception caused by enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (E. coli) O157 infection is unknown. In our case, colonoscopy was useful for confirming O157 infection. The intussusception was caused by focally damaged edematous mucosa in the cecum. This case helped in elucidating the pathogenesis of the disease.


Differential response of six varieties of French bean to two levels (F1 and F2) of fertilizer (N,P and K) with or without Farm Yard Manure (FYM) was studied in a pot culture experiment using an alfisols. Highly significant differences were observed among the varieties" of French bean with respect to N,P and K uptake at all the stages of crop growth. Higher uptake rates of nitrogen and potassium were positively correlated with higher yields. The uptake rates of all the nutrients increased with time. The effect of FYM application on nutrient availability resulted in higher uptake rates in case of nitrogen and potassium at F2 level that at F1 level. Significant differences in fresh pod yield were observed among the different varieties of French bean. The varieties, Arka Komal and IIHR-909 recorded higher yield at both F1 and F2 level. The variety tweed wonder recorded lower yield both at F1 and F2 level. At both fertilizer levels with or without FYM it was found that the variety Arka Komal recorded highest pod yield showing that varieties have unique genetic properties that regulate their response to utilization of nutrients.


: Organizing teaching activities with project-based learning strategy can give full play to students' initiative and cultivate their independent inquiry ability, which is of great significance to the cultivation of innovative talents. Aiming at the problems of classroom silence, insufficient learning motivation and poor self-efficacy, which are easy to appear in the traditional teaching process of information technology, based on the paradigm of empirical research, this study explores the effective way of organizing project-based learning in high school information technology curriculum, and focuses on the project-oriented task design strategy. The study selected three classes from senior one of a high school to carry out the experiment. Among them, class 12 of senior one is used as the experimental class and classes 13 and 14 of senior one are used as the control class. On the basis of the traditional teaching of combining teaching with practice, the task driven method is used to carry out the teaching. It emphasizes the project selection and task decomposition strategy facing the teaching objectives, constructs a progressive learning and practice situation for students through a series of case-based and systematic tasks, and organizes teaching practice activities based on these tasks. On the basis of a series of teaching practice activities, through the data of academic achievement, learning interest and attitude and sense of self-efficacy, this study demonstrates that project-based learning which is based on task-driven method can indeed encourage students to better participate in learning activities, has obvious effects on the improvement of work quality and learning achievement, and can improve students' learning interest and sense of self-efficacy.


The purpose of this bachelor thesis is to show use of ordinary differential equations in practise. The main attention is given to applications of the first and the second order ordinary differential equations in various fields of sciences, mainly in physics, chemistry, biology, economics etc. This thesis can be used as a support material for students at the FAI TBU in Zlin of the course Differential equations.


According to development situation in the record component,design AVR filetype that is suitable for the multi-channel data record,and develop a common record component base on AVR,it's divided into record module and playback module,and research several key questions,lastly,analyse result of the record component example.


Magnetic metamaterials have attracted intensive attention for their extraordinary ability to control magnetic fields. However, almost all magnetic metamaterials exhibit no intelligence. This situation largely results from the fact that permeability, as an inherent property, cannot adapt to nearby changes. Inspired by the chameleon behavior, here we design two types of magnetostatic chameleonlike metashells in two dimensions, which are featured by their adaptive responses to inside objects. One type is based on the anisotropic monolayer scheme, and the other is based on the isotropic bilayer scheme. We derive the requirements of magnetostatic chameleonlike metashells by making the effective permeabilities of the chameleonlike metashells always equal to the permeabilities of inside objects. In both schemes, negative permeabilities are required. Theoretical derivations are validated by finite-element simulations. We further extend the anisotropic monolayer scheme to three dimensions. Magnetostatic chameleonlike metashells can act as a type of all-purpose materials to work under different requirements of permeabilities. This work provides intelligence to permeability, and further intelligent metamaterials beyond chameleonlike metashells can be expected.


S Banupriya Department of Livestock Product Technology (Dairy Science) Veterinary College and Research Institute Namakkal-637 002, Tamil Nadu, India Email: email@example.com Abstract : An experiment has been carried out to study the milk fat replacement with linseed oil rice bran wax organogel on physico chemical characteristics of ice cream. Linseed oil rice bran wax organogel was used at 0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10.0 per cent as a milk fat replacer to develop dietetic ice cream. Linseed oil rice bran wax organogel was obtained by combining 10 per cent (wt) of RBW and 90 per cent (wt) of linseed oil. Ice cream formulation was comprised of 12 % SNF, fat 10 %, sugar 15 %, stabilizer 0.5% and 36% Total solids. The mean value of pH in the control ice cream mix was 6.39 and in the treatment groups ranged from 6.36 to 6.38. The titrable acidity of different treatment ice creams ranged from 0.214 to 0.216 per cent and in control ice cream 0.214 per cent. Similarly the viscosity of the control ice cream mix was 66.12 and in the treatment groups ranged from 61.45 to 65.82. Mean value of overrun in the control ice cream was 37.63 per cent and it ranged from 26.98 to 34.55 per cent in different treatment ice creams. The mean whipping ability of control ice cream was 46.95 per cent and it ranged from 38.49 to 45.14 per cent in the treatments. Hence it can be concluded that milk fat replacement with linseed oil rice bran wax organogel did not have any impact on pH and titrable acidity. However, viscosity, whipping ability and overrun are not influenced by incorporation linseed oil organogel up to 2.5 per cent and beyond this level of incorporation, a decreasing trend was noticed.


The opportunistic full-/half-duplex relaying schemes are studied where the effects of imperfect channel state information (CSI) and transmit imperfection are taken into account. The opportunistic schemes with different levels of channel knowledge, that is, the scheme with CSI at the transmitter (CSIT), the scheme with CSI at the receiver (CSIR) and the scheme with only statistical CSI, are proposed. Power adaption (PA) schemes with different levels of channel knowledge are presented and combined with the opportunistic schemes to further improve the system performance. The opportunistic schemes are evaluated in the term of average capacity. The author's results show that the opportunistic scheme with CSIR achieves comparative performance to the scheme with CSIT when the PA is not used. Moreover, it is shown that the choice of full-duplex relaying becomes more attractive when the quality of estimation for desired channels degrades. However, the converse is true as the quality of estimation for echo interference channel degrading or the power of transmit noise increasing.


A ray tracing ultrasound model that calculates the ultrasound pressure at some point in a water tank remote from an ultrasound source is described. The method parallels the process of geometric optics and assumes constant ultrasound speed in water. The discussion of an experiment results shows the validation of the ray trace modeling method, and an algorithm is also presented that finds the optimal measurement settings for an existing ultrasound power measurement system to minimize the effect of multipath. The formation of multiple images of an ultrasound source due to the reflecting surfaces can further simplify the calculation. A tone-burst signal was fed to the transducer so that the direct waves and reflections can be distinguished by their different arrival times at the hydrophone. Experimental data showed that the measured beam shapes are within ∓5 mm of those calculated by the ray trace model.


We revisit the relative retention problem originally introduced by de Finetti using concepts recently developed in risk theory and quantitative risk management. Instead of using the Variance as a risk measure we consider the Expected Shortfall (Tail-Value-at-Risk) and include capital costs and take constraints on risk capital into account. Starting from a risk-based capital allocation, the paper presents an optimization scheme for sharing risk in a multi-risk class environment. Risk sharing takes place between two portfolios and the pricing of risktransfer reflects both portfolio structures. This allows us to shed more light on the question of how optimal risk sharing is characterized in a situation where risk transfer takes place between parties employing similar risk and performance measures. Recent developments in the regulatory domain ('risk-based supervision') pushing for common, insurance industry-wide risk measures underline the importance of this question. The paper includes a simple non-life insurance example illustrating optimal risk transfer in terms of retentions of common reinsurance structures.


ABSTRACT This study investigated the transient effects on human thermal responses of clothing adjustments. Two different levels of activity were tested, and the temperature was set to result in a warm or cool thermal sensation at each activity level. The subjects (12 females and 12 males) wore identical uniforms and were asked to take off or don a part of the uniform after they had adapted to the experimental conditions for more than 20 min. Independent of the activity level, the thermal sensation votes responded immediately to the adjustment of clothing insulation and reached a new steady-state level within 5 min after both up-step and down-step of clothing insulation. It was similar to stepwise changes of temperature and humidity except that the thermal sensation vote after down-step of clothing insulation did not overshoot obviously.


A Monte Carlo simulation of a two-dimensional lattice gas with free boundaries is used to study the effects of surface and size on the chemical potential-composition curves of intercalation compounds. In particular we are interested in electrochemically active nanosize lithium intercalation compounds. Both surface and size effects were found to modify the chemical potential versus composition behavior of our model. By the manipulation of grain size and surface energy it may be possible to fine tune a material's chemical potential versus composition behavior.


Gene expression analyses on IBD tissue are dominated by analyses of biopsy homogenates that are highly heterogeneous due to a difference in cell populations when contrasting inflamed vs. healthy mucosa. We wished to characterise the inflammatory activity of the isolated epithelial monolayer (EM), avoiding the infiltrating inflammatory cells, thereby form a comprehensive understanding of the epithelium's role in IBD pathobiology.

 Total RNA was isolated from laser capture microdissected (LCM) colon EM, and sequencing libraries were prepared using TruSeq RNA access kit (Illumina, CA, USA). Gene cluster analysis (WGCNA) was used to stratify the expression data in genetic modules. Following this, we characterised the modules correlated to IBD status, using Metacore pathway analysis, in order to suggest what underlying biological processes contribute to the observed correlation of expression data. Finally, we used immunohistochemistry to verify the protein expression pattern of key players in the suggested pathways, thereby confirming EM involvement in these processes during inflammation.

 Biopsies from active (a) IBD (7 UCa, 5 CDa) and from un-inflamed (u) IBD and healthy control (7 UCu, 5 CDu and 6 HC) were included in the analysis. 6386 genes were differentially expressed (adjusted p-value (pval.) <0.05) in EM from active inflamed colon vs. un-inflamed (Figure 1). Six gene modules showed a significant correlation between inflammatory status and gene expression (Figure 2). Of note was a broad, significant up-regulation of MHC class II presentation machinery, e.g. STAT1 (log2 fold change (lfc) 0.93, p < 0.001), CIITA (lfc 2.57, p < 0.001) and HLA-DRB1 (lfc 3.69, p < 0.001), and a down-regulation unique to epithelial cells of the retinoic acid receptors RARA (lfc −0.79, p < 0.001) and RXRA (log fc −0.56, p < 0.001). The most significantly up-regulated pathway was 'Immune Response', induction of antigen presentation machinery by IFN-γ (FDR 2.5 × 10–18), while 'RXR-dependent regulation of lipid metabolism' (FDR 2.6 × 10–8) was the most significantly down-regulated pathway.

 Our analyses suggest that the involvement of the EM in IBD inflammation goes far beyond acting as a barrier. The largest genetic modules are dominated by genes important for inflammatory regulation, suggesting that the EM is much more involved in these processes than what is commonly understood. This study lends support to further analyses of interplay between epithelial cells and immune cells, particularly in a pro-inflammatory environment.


Based on computer-assisted drug design, a series of novel pyrimidine derivatives was successfully synthesized and characterized by 1H NMR, 13C HNMR, and MS spectra. All the new compounds were evaluated for their activity against focal adhesion kinase and showed low IC50 values in comparison with control drugs. In particular, for compound 8i, its IC50 value was 0.060 μM, suggesting its advantage as a focal adhesion kinase inhibitor. To evaluate the potentiality of these compounds as PET imaging agents in cancer detection, compounds 8a, 8c, 8h, and 8i were successively labeled with 18F. The four 18F-labeled pyrimidine derivatives showed appropriate log P values and high stability in physiological saline and mouse plasma. Noticeably, compound [18F]-8a with a 4-methoxyl group at the benzene ring exhibited good in vivo biodistribution data in mice bearing the S180 tumor, which promoted a further microPET imaging study of compound [18F]-8a. The microPET image of [18F-8a] administered into the S180 tumor-bearing mice acquired at 60 min post-injection illustrated that the uptake in S180 tumor was obvious. These results suggested that compound [18F]-8a might be a new probe for PET tumor imaging.


Most of the recent research about the behavior of exchange rates in a target zone regime is based in 1991 Krugman's model. The presence of limits makes an asset to behave as a combined price of options, and the goal of this research is to use this approach and compare its results to those obtained by the classical model. These results are different in some aspects and similar in others, providing some insights to a better comprehension of the subject.


Part 1 The nature of the problem: clinical assessment the analysis of "causes" applied social learning theory - behaviour therapy/modification. Part 2 Taking a history - early influences on behaviour: biological foundations of childhood problems prenatal and early postnatal influences. Part 3 Preschool children: problems associated with infancy problems associated with early childhood developmental disorders handicap in early childhood and beyond internalizing and externalizing problems of early childhood. Part 4 The school-going child and early adolescent: problems of middle-childhood problems related to identity and the self-concept health care problems. Part 5 Clinical psychology interventions: psychological therapies parent and child skills training. Part 6 Reviews of 5 major clinical problems: antisocial, disruptive behaviour disorders, Martin Herbert cognitive behaviour modification with delinquents, Clive Hollin fears and phobias of childhood, Thomas H.Ollendick and Neville J.King acute pain in children, Chrissi Ioannou work with children following disasters, William Yule. Appendices: recording and assessment interviewing children and parents.


Objective: To study the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) and Neuropilin-2(Nrp-2) in colorectal adenocarcinoma and adjacent normal tissues,and their relation with the clinicopathological features.Methods: The expressions of VEGF and Nrp-2 in specimens from colorectal adenocarcinoma and normal tissues adjacent to cancer were detected by immunohistochemistry SP method.The relations between expressions and clinicopathological features were analyzed with SPSS 16.0 software package for chi-square test and linear correlation analysis.Results: The expression rate of VEGF and Nrp-2 proteins in colorectal adenocarcinoma tissues was 68.29%(28/41) and 78.05%(32/41),respectively which,were significantly higher than 20%(2/10) and 0%(0/10),respectively,in adjacent normal tissues(all P0.05).The expression of the two proteins had a remarkable positive correlation(r=0.837,P0.05).In addition,both VEGF and Nrp-2 expressions in specimens from patients with colorectal adenocarcinoma had correlation with the tumor size,infiltrating depth,lymph node metastasis and so on(all P0.05),though they had no correlation with the differentiation degree of tumor,position,and gender or age of patients(all P0.05).Conclusion: Nrp-2 may be involved in the lymphangiogenesis and angiogenesis of colorectal adenocarcinoma,and the cooperation between VEGF and Nrp-2 may play an important role in the development,invasion,and metastasis of colorectal adenocarcinoma.


In the last decade, especially the recent years, China makes great progress in the LNG industry. There are already two LNG plants in China. One is the East Sea peakshaving LNG plant in Shanghai and another is Zhongyuan LNG plant at Puyang of Henna province. A larger LNG plant is been building in Xinjiang province. For importing LNG, a LNG receiving terminal is been building at Shenzhen of Guangdong province. The second and the third LNG receiving terminal would be built in Fujian province an in the Yangtze River delta area. The LNG tank with a size of 100, 300 and 30 000 m3 has already been successfully made in China. The manufacturers in Sichun and Jiansu has successfully produced LNG road tankers, which has already been put into production. These manufactures have also planned to manufacture the LNG container. The Chinese government has planned to build LNG carriers. In some cities of Shandong, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Henan, Zhejiang and Guangdong provinces, there are LNG satellite stations, where the LNG is re-gasified and the natural gas is supplied to residents and industries by pipeline. To improve the air quality, China is now developing LNG vehicles. There are LNG vehicles in test running in both Shanghai and Beijing. The first LNG refueling station has already been built in Beijing. In this paper, the technical data and flow diagram about LNG plants, receiving terminal, tank trucks, satellite station and LNG vehicle are introduced.


Nature and Ruskin Bond are inextricably bound. His st ories abound in the most adorable and charmingly, intriguingly memorable characters whose magic refuse to fade away with time. Yet, nature is what we always t alk of when we talk Bond. The aura that nature creates in hi s stories to take the narrative forward, the role it plays in shaping the lives and destinies of his characters, the shee r, mesmerizing beauty lying in it, or the ominous t errors in its darkest depths, nature is a dominant force, a powerful prese nc in his short stories. This paper reflects Bond's love for the literary depiction of nature through two of his well known and widely read short stories: Listen to the Wi nd, and The Wind on Haunted Hill. And in these two stories, he r lates nature to one of the most talked about, read about and searched about interests of man, the supernatural, and through the use of supernatural elements keeps the attention of the reader revetted right till the end. The master of story-telling is at his best in these two tales, and none can match up to his kind of creative excellence and his passionate zeal for the myriad faces of nature.


Introduction: Atherosclerotic cap thinning and plaque instability occur as a result of a decrease in vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation, which is partly regulated by alterations in the expression of non-coding RNAs in the arterial wall. We recently reported that miR-221 expression in the carotid plaque shoulder is reduced immediately following a carotid-related ischemic cerebrovascular event and returns to normal levels after seven days. We hypothesized that changes in the expression of non-coding RNAs within carotid plaques are reflected in the serum of asymptomatic and acutely symptomatic patients with carotid disease. Methods: Serum levels of microRNA (miR) -221 and a circular RNA with potential binding sites for miR-221 (circR-284), were measured using real-time polymerase chain reaction in 41 patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy. Patients were grouped into those who were asymptomatic and those with an acute ischemic cerebrovascular event within the previous 5 days (urgent). Results: miR-221 was significantly lower (0.25 ± 0.11 vs. 1.00 ± 0.31, p = 0.01) while circR-284 was significantly elevated (2.96 ± 1.16 vs. 1.00 ± 0.37, p = 0.06) in the serum of the urgent compared to the asymptomatic group. Serum levels of these RNAs alone did not exhibit favorable sensitivity and specificity for use as a biomarker indicative of carotid-related ischemic stroke. The ratio of serum circR-284:miR-221, however, was significantly elevated in the urgent group [11.7 ± 0.48 vs. 1.0 ± 0.6, p = 0.0002 (Figure, A)]. Furthermore, receiver operator curve analysis of circR-284:miR-221 ratio demonstrated favorable sensitivity and specificity (Figure, B) for detecting carotid plaque rupture and ischemic stroke. Conclusions: Increases in the ratio of serum circR-284:miR-221 has potential as a diagnostic biomarker of carotid-related ischemic stroke. This data also supports the use and development of functionally related pairs of circulating non-coding RNAs as biomarkers.


The tennis motion as a sport that everybody likes,is more and more popular in China.Through the methods of literature review,logic analysis,this paper illustrates the important role of flexibility quality in tennis movement.


The water-limited region frequently experiences extreme climate variability. This region, however, has relatively little hydrological information to characterize the catchment dynamics and its feedback to the climate system. This study assesses the relative benefits of using remotely sensed soil moisture, in addition to sparsely available in-situ soil moisture and stream flow observations, to improve the hydrologic understanding and prediction. We propose a multi-variable approach to calibrate a hydrologic model, Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT), a semi-distributed, continuous catchment model, with observed streamflow and in-situ soil moisture. The satellite soil moisture products (~ 5 cm top soil) from the Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) and the Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) are then used to evaluate the model estimates of soil moisture over the spatial scales through time. The results show the model calibrated against streamflow only could provide misleading prediction for soil moisture. Long term in-situ soil moisture observations, albeit limited availability, are crucial to constrain model parameters leading to improved soil moisture prediction at the given site. Satellite soil moisture products provide useful information to assess simulated soil moisture results across the spatial domains, filling the gap on the soil moisture information at landscape scales. The preliminary results from this study suggest the potential to produce robust soil moisture and streamflow estimates across scales for a semi-arid region, using a distributed catchment model with in-situ soil network and remotely sensed observations and enhance the overall water budget estimations for multiple hydrologic variables across scales. This research is conducted on Merriwa catchment, a semi-arid region located in the Upper Hunter Region of NSW, Australia.


This article presents a support on the remote interaction for utilization in augmented reality systems based on ARToolkit. It utilizes the multicast communication in order to improve the scalability of distributed environment. This support may be utilized in production of specific applications pointed to distance education, training and entertainment. The validity of support happened with the implementation of a prototype and realization of tests for communication latency analysis and frames per second rate.


Chemical analysis is one of the important areas in learning chemistry as it inculcates in students the spirit of deductive reasoning enabling them to apply theoretical knowledge acquired in practical problems. Organic qualitative analysis (OQA) offers students the opportunity for identification of unknown organic chemicals in substances including toxic substances. Students' alternative conceptions in OQA have been reported in the literature with the nature of the alternative conceptions yet to be investigated. Thus, this study investigated the nature of students' alternative conceptions in OQA using a four-tier diagnostic test instrument. With the use of a cross-sectional survey design, 345 senior high chemistry students were randomly selected to participate in the study. The quantitative data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The findings of the study revealed the nature of students' alternative conceptions in OQA as significant and genuine. The study, therefore, recommended to chemistry teachers and educators to help not only diagnose students' alternative conceptions but also explore the nature of their alternative conceptions as this helps in selecting more effective instructional teaching strategies that cause conceptual changes in students to help improve their conceptualization of abstract chemistry concepts.


A study of an outpatient therapeutic feeding program explores patient outcomes and factors contributing to recovery from severe acute malnutrition (SAM).


There is a relatively high density of sensible heat load in datacenters and the air conditioning system has to be operating all year round to extract heat. This paper proposes a heat extraction process with a large chilled-water temperature difference in order for datacenters to improve their energy efficiency. A quasi-counter flow cooling coil between air and water is designed to increase chilled water temperature difference. Operating characteristics are investigated. A cooling tower is used to meet part of the requirements in the transition mode and the vapor compression refrigeration system is designed to improve performance owing to the large temperature difference of chilled water. This new process is more convenient to utilize than the natural cooling source and the changing-over between natural and mechanical cooling sources is easier to achieve. Taking Beijing as an example, the energy performance of this proposed heat extraction process is investigated. The average EER of the cooling plant is 23.1, 10.9 and 7.2 respectively for the winter, the transition season and the summer modes. Taking the fan power of indoor cooling coils into account, the annual average EER of the entire system is approximately 7.1, in terms of performing competitive energy efficiency.


The invention discloses a processing method of video signals and electronic equipment. The method comprises the following steps: acquiring a direct broadcasting main signal and M main broadcasting signals; generating a first output signal based on the direct broadcasting main signal and M main broadcasting signals; transmitting the first output signal to a terminal, so as to make the terminal to display a display interface corresponding to the direct broadcasting main signal and M display interfaces corresponding to M main broadcasting signals, that is, after the terminal receives the first output signal, the terminal displays the video screens in the direct broadcasting main signal and the video screens in M main broadcasting signals, therefore, the video contents can be more diversified, and the interestingness of the video contents as well as the usage experience of users can be improved.


The utility model relates to a substrate packaging apparatus comprising a body. The body comprises a first cavity where a packaged substrate and an evaporation deposited substrate are aligned, and a second cavity which is under the first cavity and for accommodating a UV mask, wherein the first cavity and the second cavity are mutually in air-tightness isolation; and the side wall of the second cavity is provided with an opening from which the UV mask can be taken out. The beneficial effects of the substrate packaging apparatus are that: the UV mask is oppositely disposed in the second cavity to be isolated from the first cavity completely, so that during replacement of the UV mask, loop operations such as vacuumizing and N2-charging are no longer needed, and time spent in replacing the UV mask is greatly reduced.


We report on the synthesis and self-assembly of Al4C3 nanowires and nanoribbons using lithium as a catalyst. Large quantities of Al4C3 nanowires (diameters from 5 to 70 nm) and nanoribbons (5-70 nm thick and 20-5600 nm wide) tens of micrometers long were synthesized serendipitously in a solid-state reaction involving Al/C/Li at less than 780 degrees Celsius. High-resolution electron microscopy revealed that the nanowires all grew along the c-axis of hexagonal Al4C3, whereas the nanoribbons all grew within the basal plane. The facile synthesis of the Al4C3 nanowires and nanoribbons suggest similar nanostructures of other carbide and nitride materials may be made using the lithium-assisted self-assembly process.


Milk is an essential commodity in daily life. It is not only a source of good quality protein, but also of calcium and riboflavin besides other nutrients. Milk is most commercially sold commodity both by local vendor's as well super markets .Due to rules laid by FSSAI, most of the branded products follow appropriate quality in the marketed products. However in local products to increase the yield certain adulterants are added which may affect the nutritional quality of milk. Hence, to know the activity, the present study aimed at knowing adulteration in 5 selected local vendors and food samples selected were Milk, Curd, Buttermilk, Butter and Ghee. The adulteration observed mostly in Milk, Curd, and Buttermilk and Butter and Ghee were adulterated with certain vendors in most of Milk and Curd the water content is more, but in few samples urea and starch was also observed .Thus, the study clearly brought the fact that foods from local vendors had adulterated samples.