We propose an analytical calculation of the phase function of diffractive components for laser beam shaping in fractional Fourier optics. The results for super-Gaussian beams, on both spherical and toric emitters, are shown.


The clinic of lesions of the lower spinal cord and the corresponding roots of the cauda equina has already found comprehensive coverage. Back in 1895, Raymond noted that the upper border of the conus medullaris runs "directly over the centers of the bladder and rectum, laid down at the level of III and IV pairs of sacral roots."


Recruiting medical students into psychiatric residency programs has received much attention. In the 1980s and 1990s, North American psychiatric residency programs experienced numerous barriers to recruiting highquality medical students (1–5). This remains a problem around the world. The literature suggests that experiences during medical school, personalities of applicants, and beliefs about the practice of psychiatry are all strongly associated with the decision to enter a psychiatric residency. Recruitment strategies have been widely recommended to bolster positive psychiatry-related experiences and to alter negative perceptions (6–9). In the mid-1990s, only about 4% of U.S. and 6% of Canadian medical school graduates chose psychiatry (10, 11). More recent studies focused on perceptions and attitudes of medical students about psychiatry careers (12– 17). While initial interest is still the most influential factor, positive experiences during psychiatry clerkships and electives have been described as "modifiable programmatic factors that could enhance recruitment to psychiatry" (17). The Psychiatry Institute for Medical Students at the University of Toronto in Ontario was initiated in 1994 as a novel recruitment strategy (18). To our knowledge, similar programs have not been reported. As an indication of how much the recruitment situation has changed in Toronto, the 2008 Canadian Resident Matching Service match was successful in filling all 28 postgraduate year 1 (PGY-1) psychiatric residency positions at the University of Toronto as well as two international medical graduate positions—a total of 30 spots, up from 24 spots 2 years ago (19). As of July 2007, the University of Toronto has 138 psychiatric residents from PGY-1 to PGY-5.


Background: Artificial intelligence (AI) applications have been implemented across all levels of education, with the rapid developments of chatbots and AI language models, like ChatGPT, demonstrating the urgent need to conceptualize the key debates and their implications for a new era of learning and assessment. This adoption occurs in a context where AI is dramatically remapping "the human," the purposes of schooling, and pedagogy. Focus of Study: The paper examines how different formulations of "human" became interwoven with the sliding signifier of "intelligence" through a series of violent exclusions, and how the shifting contour of "intelligence" produces uneven and unjust ontological scales undergirding both education and AI fields. Its purpose is to engage the education research community in dialogue about biases, the nature of ethics, and decision-making concerning AI in education. Research Design: This paper adapts a historical-philosophical method. It traces the effects of colonialism and racialization within humanism's emergence through Sylvia Wynter's historiography of "figure of Man," especially via the invention of "intelligence," which has linked education and computer science. It also investigates themes central to modern education such as justice, equity, and in/exclusion through a philosophical examination of the ontological scales of "human." Conclusions: After outlining how "intelligence" has shifted from reason-as-morality to concepts of natural intelligence, we argue that current examples of AI in Education (AIEd), like classroom chatbots and social agents, constitute an intermediary point in the arc toward a new computational superintelligence—the emergence of man3—illustrating the opportunities, risks, and ethical issues in pedagogical applications based on emotion. We outline three differing visions of AIEd's future, concluding with a series of provocations (onto-epistemological, practice-based, and purposes of schooling) that exceed such models and that, given rapid innovations in machine learning, require urgent consideration from multiple stakeholders.


Thyristor will damage because of local overheating under narrow pulse width and large inrush current, if the selection is unreasonable. In this paper, the thermal field model of thyristor opening process is established and the transient temperature field distribution of thyristor is obtained by simulation. Simulation results show that under the narrow pulse width and large current, the temperature distribution on the silicon chip is not uniform, the temperature at the center gate is the highest, and the temperature is gradually decreased from the center point along the radius. The effect of current rise rate and chip radius on thyristor temperature distribution are simulated. Simulation results show that the higher the current rise rate, the higher the temperature of the thyristor center gate. The effect of chip radius on thyristor temperature is related to the pulse width of large inrush current. When the chip radius is smaller than the extended radius corresponding to the current pulse width, the smaller the radius, the higher the maximum temperature rise. When the radius of the chip is equal to or greater than the extended radius corresponding to the current pulse width, increasing the radius of the chip has no effect on the highest temperature rise.


............................................................................................................................................... ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS..........................................................................................................................iv TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................................................................v LIST OF TABLES................................................................................................................................... viii LIST OF FIGURES.....................................................................................................................................x 1.0 Introduction ...........................................................................................................................................1 2.0 Literature Review..................................................................................................................................4 2.1 Meat quality ........................................................................................................................................4 2.2 Meat shelf-life .....................................................................................................................................5 2.3 The nature of colour ...........................................................................................................................6 2.3.1 Meat colour .................................................................................................................................6 2.3.2 Colour intensity...........................................................................................................................7 2.4 Structure of myoglobin .......................................................................................................................9 2.4.1 Myoglobin species ....................................................................................................................10 2.4.2 Reactions of myoglobin with oxygen ........................................................................................11 2.5 Biochemical factors affecting metmyoglobin formation ...................................................................13 2.5.1 Oxygen consumption rate..........................................................................................................13 2.5.2 Myoglobin autoxidation ............................................................................................................14 2.5.3 Metmyoglobin reduction ...........................................................................................................15 2.6. Meat colour from slaughter to display.............................................................................................17 2.7.1 Myoglobin and lipid oxidation..................................................................................................18 2.7.2 Myoglobin oxidation leads to lipid oxidation ...........................................................................20 2.7.3 Lipid oxidation leads to myoglobin oxidation...........................................................................21 2.8 Effect of bacterial growth .................................................................................................................22 2.9 Effect of meat pH ..............................................................................................................................27 2.10 Effect of vitamins ............................................................................................................................28 2.11 Effect of storage condition in retail market ....................................................................................29 2.11.1 Temperature ............................................................................................................................29 2.11.2 Display condition ....................................................................................................................30 2.11.3 Packaging................................................................................................................................32 2.12 Endogenous antioxidants................................................................................................................34 2.12.1 Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) .................................................................................................35


..........................................................................................i Acknowledgements .............................................................................iii Table of contents ................................................................................vi List of Figures ...................................................................................xiv List of tables ......................................................................................xx List of movie clips ...............................................................................xx Abbreviations ....................................................................................xxi


Modern fly fishing, mainly for brown trout and grayling, has been done on a local scale and in low extensity in Serbia for over 50 years. Data obtained from 117 fly fishermen filling out an online questionnaire, with 30 questions processed using multivariate analysis, revealed that most fishermen who had started fly fishing since 2000 were under 40. Only few who were under 20 started to fish initially with the fly fishing equipment. They turned up committed to and skilled in fly fishing. Most of them live in large municipalities with much better economic opportunities. Their level of education is above average in Serbia. Economic power, place of residence and level of education outline their fishing capabilities, frequency of fishing outings, distance they travel to fly fish, as well as their attitudes towards fishery policy, conservation of native brown trout and grayling stocks, management of streams and communication with other fly fishermen. CODEN RIBAEG ISSN 1330-061X


Interest groups and public administration are both universal features of political life, and this article examines their interaction. This interaction is deemed crucial for an understanding of the formation of public policy in the modern state. Four categories of interaction between pressure groups and bureaucracy are developed, and the extent and types of effects of each on policy is examined. The types of interactions discussed range from legitimate and formal interactions in the Scandinavian countries to sporadic and illegitimate group activities in developed and underdeveloped societies.


One of the most promising trends in Domain‐Independent AI Planning, nowadays, is state‐space heuristic planning. The planners of this category construct general but efficient heuristic functions, which are used as a guide to traverse the state space either in a forward or in a backward direction. Although specific problems may favor one or the other direction, there is no clear evidence why any of them should be generally preferred. This paper presents Hybrid‐AcE, a domain‐independent planning system that combines search in both directions utilizing a complex criterion that monitors the progress of the search, to switch between them. Hybrid AcE embodies two powerful domain‐independent heuristic functions extending one of the AcE planning systems. Moreover, the system is equipped with a fact‐ordering technique and two methods for problem simplification that limit the search space and guide the algorithm to the most promising states. The bi‐directional system has been tested on a variety of problems adopted from the AIPS planning competitions with quite promising results.


This study aimed to develop a live attenuated vaccine as an effective approach to prevent streptococcosis in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus).


The study explores the effect of ultra-fine ginkgo leaf particles on the egg laying performance, lipid leveland serum enzyme activity of laying hens. One hundred and ninety-two55-week-old healthy Lohmann layers are selected and divided random ly into 4 groups to be the control group and three test groups. In each group, the layers are divided random ly into 3replicates of 16 each. The control group is fed basal diet and the test groups are fed with the basal diet supplementedwith the ultra-fine ginkgo leafparticles at the ration of 0. 60%, 0. 80%and 1. 00%, respectively. The pre-experiment lasts 7 days and the experiment lasts 28 days.The results show that compared with the control group, there is no significant difference among three test groups on the average egg weight, the intensity of laying and the daily egg number(P0. 05), but the average daily gain and the ratio of feed to egg in the test group,which is fed the controldiet supplementedwith the ultra-fine ginkgo leafparticles at the ration of 0. 80%, decrease significantly(P0. 05). The total cholesterol in serum and triglyceride in the three test groups decrease significantly(P0. 05), while the LDL-C is falling(P0. 05)and HDL-C is rising(P 0. 05); the alanine am inotransferase activity in serum decrease significantly(P0. 05) and aspartate am inotransferase activity decrease. It is found that the dietary supplementation with 0. 80% ultra-fine ginkgo leaf particles is the best, which can decrease the ratio of feed to egg, lipid level and serum enzyme activity of laying hens.


The paper will look at contemporary published versions of the Shakespearean plays which purport to provide "simplified" or "modernized" readings. Gone are Shakespeare's polysemy and heteroglossia, to be replaced by a single "meaning" of a given line which in effect goes beyond interpretation to constitute what is in effect a translation of sorts (and underscores consideration s which I think have a direct bearing on translating Shakespeare into other languages as well). This principle may best be illustrated at a close examination of two of Shakespeare's most consistently twin-tongued characters, Prince Hal and Hamlet. My paper concludes with a short foray into 21st century "alternative" Shakespeares in English, with a particular focus upon recently emerging "rap" versions of some of the more famous passages.


6 Published simultaneously with this issue is an extra special number, Transitions, a collected set of papers on the theme Pleistocene to Holocene in Australia &Papua New Guinea, edited for ANTIQUITY by JIM ALLEN & JAMES F. O'CONNELL. It is a rare opportunity for a number of this journal to focus on one defined subject, achieved by upping the total of pages we print this year, and reserving some for this thematic attention. Like any ANTIQUITY contribution, its specific subject will not fall in the defined interest of any one 'average reader'. Confident in our readership's willingness to take notice of good archaeology, wherever and whenever it is done, we hope Transitions is not another unnecessary edited volume, of the kind we sometimes grumble about. I know its subject is placed in space and time at some distance from most of where you are and we are. It seems to me that its combination of field energy and considered analysis, real-world fact and imaginative ideas, care both for the particulars of the matter and equally for larger themes, steady study within proven frames of reference and an awareness of the limits of those frameworks these ought to be universal to archaeological research: that is why we call it simply Transitions rather than One Particular Transition. It makes a solid book, fatter than the ANTIQUITY production budget would like -but anything weighs that amounts to a real study of a large subject by methods better than arm-waving.


Reflection seismic section, field structural analysis and gravimetric modelling of orogenic lower crust in the core of a Carboniferous orogenic root reveal details of the polyphase process of exhumation. Subvertical amphibolite facies fabrics strike parallel to former plate margins that collided in the NW. The fabrics are developed in both mid‐crustal and lower crustal high‐pressure granulite units as a result of intensive NW–SE intraroot horizontal shortening driven probably by the west‐directed collision. In granulites, the steep fabrics originated as a result of extrusion of orogenic lower crust in a ∼20 km wide vertical ascent channel from lower crustal depths at 350–340 Ma. The large granulite bodies preserve older granulite facies fabrics documenting a two‐stage evolution during the exhumation process. Surface exposures of granulites coincide with the absence of subhorizontal seismic reflectors at depth, suggesting preservation of the ∼20 km wide subvertical tabular structure reaching Moho depths. Horizontal seismic reflectors surrounding the vertical channel structure corroborate a dominant flat migmatitic fabric developed in all tectonic units. This structural pattern is interpreted in terms of subhorizontal spreading of partially molten orogenic lower crust in mid‐crustal levels (765 °C and 0.76 GPa) at 342–337 Ma. Large massifs of extruded and progressively dismembered felsic granulites disturbed mid‐crustal fabrics in the surrounding horizontally flowing partially molten crust. The horizontal mid‐crustal flow resulted in collapse of the supra‐crustal Teplá‐Barrandian Unit (interpreted as the orogenic lid) along a large‐scale crustal detachment above the extruded lower crustal dome. The presence of felsic granulites at the bottom of the orogenic root is considered to be a key factor controlling the exhumation of orogenic lower crust in large hot orogens.


The optimal quasi‐static‐electric bias for the diffraction efficiency of degenerate four‐wave mixing process in a homeotropically aligned nematic liquid‐crystal film is studied. The nonlinearity of this process is characterized by the behavior of field‐induced molecular reorientation. In our theoretical calculation, it is pointed out that the determination of optimal field is crucially influenced by the twist deformation in the reorientational grating and is also subjected to the competing influences of splay and of bend elastic torques on the molecular reorientation. In experiments, the careful measurement of diffraction efficiency is carried out automatically by using a microcomputer to investigate the optimal bias for this nonlinear effect in nematic N‐(4‐methoxybenzylidene)‐4‐butylaniline films. It is unambiguously shown both by theoretical and experimental results that the optimal bias is decreasing with the increasing of grating period and optical intensity.


Moving object detection and tracking (D&T) are important initial steps in object recognition, context analysis and indexing processes for visual surveillance systems. It is a big challenge for researchers to make a decision on which D&T algorithm is more suitable for which situation and/or environment and to determine how accurately object D&T (real-time or non-real-time) is made. There is a variety of object D&T algorithms (i.e. methods) and publications on their performance comparison and evaluation via performance metrics. This paper provides a systematic review of these algorithms and performance measures and assesses their effectiveness via metrics.


Motre Dame Security con firm ed Tuesday that a man pos sessing a sawed-off shotgun was arrested outside Morrissey and Lyons halls late Monday night. Security officers identified the man as David J. Dutka, 19, o f Goshen, Ind., according to a statement released Tuesday. Dutka is being held in the Saint Joseph County ja il on charges o f possession o f a sawed-off shot gun and a m inor in possession of alcohol, according to Deputy Bruce Martin o f the Saint Joseph County ja il booking departm ent. Security was called at about 9:30 p.m. Monday after a gate officer noticed the "suspicious activity" o f two men who had ju s t entered campus in a car driven by Dutka, according to the state ment. The men had told the gate o f ficer they were go ing to South Dining Hall. The officer, however, watched the pair drive past it. When Security o fficers ap proached Dutka in the Lyons Hall parking lot, he was standing alone next to his vehicle, the statement said. One o f the o ff i cers also had seen another man walking toward Morrissey Hall. Dutka claimed that he was oncampus to drop o ff a hitchhiker he had picked up in Goshen, the statement said. Dutka said he


Background: Chronic inflammation closely associates with insulin resistance. Toll-like receptor (TLR)9 recognizes bacterial unmethylated DNA and plays a role in innate defense, although it can also provoke inflammation in response to fragmented DNA from mammalian cells, contributing to the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. The role of TLR9 in the development of insulin resistance, however, remains unknown. This study tested the hypothesis that TLR9 signal promotes inflammation in adipose tissue and causes insulin resistance in high-fat fed mice. Methods and Results: We fed TLR9 deficient (TLR9 KO) mice or wild type (WT) mice a high-fat diet (60% fat) for 12 weeks. High-fat feeding increased TLR9 expression in adipose tissue. Results of quantitative PCR demonstrated macrophage fraction in adipose tissue dominantly expressed TLR9. Weight of epididymal fat pad and liver, and plasma lipid levels were similar between two groups, however results of glucose tolerance test and insulin tolerance test at 10 week...


Based on an account of the Architectural Design of the Scientific and Technological Garden of Yangzhou University, this paper attempts to probe into the unique features of the architectural design of science and technology from such different aspects as overall conception, environmental planning, traffic organization, interior functions, building space, and internal and external designs.


Monitoring clinical teaching quality of graduate study is the requirement of training high-quality professionals. This paper suggests that teaching quality should be monitored in the following three aspects: taking simulated clinical training as platform and taking check-up as means to ensure the quality of input and output; constructing effective clinical teaching management system for graduate education; and constructing all-round and multi-channel system for information transmission and feedback concerning clinical teaching quality of graduate education. Therefore, a mode of training graduate students of Chinese medicine can be explored.


In this paper, we describe a content-based movie recommendation system and provide an overview of the movie recommendation systems in today's market. Our findings show 1): Summary-Based and Feature-Based movie recommendation systems will provide different recommendation results. 2) Combined recommendation systems result is consistent with the Summary-Based recommendation system but different from the Feature-Based recommendation system. Based on our recommendation system, we also made some innovations and fusion and conducted several control tests to improve the quality of our recommendations.


Is it still possible to make a voyage of discovery here in Maryland, the nation's fifth most densely settled state? In The Great Marsh: An Intimate Journey into a Chesapeake Wetland, David W. Harp's vivid photography and Tom Horton's eloquent prose produce a compelling portrait of one such journey in an intriguing and endangered habitat. Into this remarkable territory-whose shrinking dimensions frighten every naturalist and ecologist-Harp and Horton embarked on a canoe trip, exploring, documenting, and photographing the Blackwater National Wildlife Refuge in Dorchester County. This volume, at its core, is the story of a single crossing of the Blackwater's length, east to west, while the accompanying essays discuss how the marsh functions as a refuge for migrating butterflies, the wetlands sustain a lonely trapper, and the bogs yield archeological treasures-remnants of American Indian hunting forays and colonial boat building. The edges of the Chesapeake Bay offer Americans some of their loveliest (and most sensitive) wetlands. The fertile waters and soggy vegetation provide a home to ducks, geese, eagles, and dozens of other species of birds; muskrats, squirrels, and foxes; and of course insect varieties almost too numerous to count. The environmental importance of the marshes lies in their capacity to filter pollutants, retard erosion, and help maintain a natural balance among the critters.


High resolution photo induced transient spectroscopy has been utilized to study defect centers in semi-insulating molecular beam epitaxy GaAs grown at temperatures 300 and 400 $DEGC. A number of traps with activation energies ranging from 0.004 to 0.64 eV have been detected. The traps are tentatively identified with native defects in GaAs lattice. The effect of the growth temperature on the defect structure of the layers is shown.


S the late 1990s, there has been growing attention paid in media and cultural studies to the power of cultural images of masculinity. Nonetheless, there has been little attention paid, in scholarship or antiviolence activism, to the relationship between the construction of violent masculinities in what Sut Jhally (1990) refers to as the "commodity image-system" of advertising and the pandemic of violence committed by men, young men, and boys in the homes and streets of the United States. This chapter is an attempt to sketch out some of the ways in which hegemonic constructions of masculinity in mainstream advertising normalize (White) male violence and to point to some new developments and continuities in the way this is achieved. Theorists and researchers in profeminist sociology and men's studies have developed the concept of masculinities, as opposed to masculinity, to more adequately describe the complexities of male social position, identity, and experience. At any given time, the class structure and gender order produce numerous masculinities stratified by socioeconomic class, racial and ethnic difference, and sexual orientation. The central delineation is between the hegemonic, or dominant, masculinity (generally, White, heterosexual, and middle class) and the subordinated masculinities (e.g., men of color, gays, poor, and working class). But although there are significant differences between the various masculinities, in patriarchal culture, violent behavior is typically gendered masculine. This doesn't mean that all men are violent but that violent behavior is considered masculine (as opposed to feminine) behavior. One need not look very closely to see how pervasive is the cultural imagery linking various masculinities to the potential for violence. One key source of constructions of dominant masculinity is the Hollywood movie industry, which has introduced into the culture a seemingly endless stream of violent male icons. For several decades, tens of millions of people, disproportionately male and young, have flocked to theaters and rented videocassettes and DVDs of the "action-adventure" (a Hollywood euphemism for violent) films of White male icons such as Arnold Schwarzenegger, Sylvester Stallone, Jean-Claude Van 29


Abstract : A method has been developed for predicting the upwash angles induced at the horizontal center line of the propeller disk of the twin engine airplane considered in NACA TN 2192, 1950. The method treats each component separately and includes approximations for the interference effects of the other components. Lifting-line theory was used to determine the wing-induced upwash angles. The theory used for the nacelle is an extension of the airship theory of NACA TM 574, 1930. The fuselage-induced upwash angles were determined by means of a solution for the transverse flow about an infinite elliptic cylinder. The boundary conditions of the airship theory used to predict the upwash angles due to the nacelle of the airplane were not strictly satisfied. Therefore, a comparison was made of predicted and measured upwash angles for an isolated nacelle which approximated in shape that of the airplane of NACA TM 2192. The comparison of the computed values of upwash angle with the measured values showed satisfactory agreement. Comparison of the computed and measured total upwash angles showed that the method satisfactorily accounted for the upwash angles induced by the airplane. Although the method was developed for a specific airplane, the method should be applicable to similar airplanes; the conditions of similarity are defined In the report. Modifications to the method are suggested which, it is believed, would make it applicable to certain dissimilar airplanes.


Nearly 16 million Americans have been affected by hearing loss. There are a number of causes of hearing loss including a deficiency in the intake of a number of amino acids such as methionine, Arganine, Carnitine, Glutathione and Taurine. A lot of the studies that have been written for nutritional amounts of amino acids on a day to day basis have been written for the western world, However studies looking at Saudi adolescents especially between the ages of 18-21 are lacking. The study was designed to determine whether a dietary intake of certain amino acids linked to deafness was deficient in 18-21 year-old Saudi Arabian adolescents. The study objectives were to describe the food habits, especially in terms of amino acid consumption of 18-21-year-old adolescents, in Hail, KSA (Kingdom of Saudi Arabia) and determine if these dietary habits are related to hearing loss. Assessment if any of any amino acid deficiency as well as current knowledge of the beneficial effects of certain amino acids in hearing will also be assessed. Aims relating to food intake were assessed by a food questionnaire. The other aims were answered by further survey questions. Two thirds (61.3%) of the females consumed chocolate on a daily basis. This was also the highest food item consumed by the hard of hearing students. Chocolate being a rich source of arganine was beneficial to the students being important for the formation of functional gap junctions in the inner ear. In this study no amino acids were deficient in our population. However, further studies are required to look at the effect of redundant amino acids and their impact on deafness. The Dietary intake of the amino acids linked to deafness is adequate for the students in this study. The students felt the knowledge of amino acids in deafness would help their families in the long term.


The vapor−liquid equilibrium of the system methane, carbon dioxide, N-methyldiethanolamine (MDEA), and water was measured at pressures up to 200 bar and at the temperatures 313.15 and 353.15 K. The concentration of carbon dioxide in the vapor phase varied between 0.02 and 0.20 mole fraction, and the concentrations of the aqeuous MDEA solution were 0.30 and 0.50 mass fraction. The phase equilibrium was measured in a variable-volume static cell. The pressure in the cell can reach a maximum of 600 bar, and the temperature of the cell can range from 223.15 to 473.15 K.


Cross fractures are well developed in the Upper Triassic Yanchang Formation in the Ordos Basin. According to the data on outcrops and cores and to our mechanical experiments, the origin of these cross fractures is discussed and their influence on petroleum exploration and development is analyzed. Four assemblages of fractures were formed in the Upper Triassic Yanchang Formation within the Ordos Basin. But in a certain place, there are generally distributed two assemblages of cross fractures, i.e. E-W and S-N fractures, at the center of the basin, and NE-SW and SW-SE fractures in the southwest of the basin. Fractures here are mainly high-angle shear fractures that are nearly vertical to the beds that were formed during the Yanshan (135Ma) and Himalayan (65–23.3Ma) periods due to horizontal tectonic compression, deep burial and intense uplift or denudation. The rock anisotropy is the prime reason for impacts wrought on the development of different assemblages of cross fractures in some geological periods, which usually restricts the development of one assemblage of conjugate shear fracture. Theoretically, there should have been formed two assemblages of shear fractures in either tectonic period, and there should have developed four assemblages of shear fractures here. But, due to the effect of a strong rock anisotropy, in each period developed only one assemblage of fracture. Thus two assemblages of cross fractures are usually developed in each part of the Ordos Basin at present. The cross fractures are important pathway system for oil migration in the low-permeability sandstone reservoirs of the Upper Triassic Yanchang Formation. At the same time, they also serve as main channels for fluid flow during the water-injection development process and impact the development of such reservoirs.


We study a nonlinear, nonlocal eigenvalue problem driven by the fractional $p$-Laplacian with an indefinite,
singular weight chosen in an optimal class. We prove the existence of an unbounded sequence of positive variational eigenvalues
and alternative characterizations of the first and second eigenvalues. Then, by means of such characterizations,
we prove strict decreasing monotonicity of such eigenvalues with respect to the weight function.


The article identifies the factors that shape Mexico's position in the OAS and explains its historical evolution from 1948 to 2012. It argues that the Mexican state's general approach to the hemispheric organization in different historical periods has depended on: a) the more general strategy envisioned to manage the relationship with the United States; and b) the greater or lesser agreement of Mexico with the security architecture prevailing at different points in time in the organization. The article shows that, along the 65 years since its inception, Mexico has transited from conceiving the OAS as an arena to contain the United States to perceive it as a space conducive to the improvement of intergovernmental coordination in the solution of shared problems.


The development of PE undertaking has to depend on that of economy, because the greatly increased material offters a essencial material and technical condition, for PE development. As a important part of the athletics, it is characterized by its competitiveness, antagonism and the enjoyment atracting people's more and more attention to it. On the other hand, the athletics records has become a essential parameter to evaluate the over all strength of a state or a region. In order to prob into the suitable development orintation and trend of the economy and athletics PE of Shanxi Province the article analyzed the development situation of Shanxi economy of the late 10 years and the athletic PE competitive records of Shanxi sports dlegation of the 7th, 8th and 9th Sports Meeting of China.


In remote areas, extending a power line to the primary electricity grid can be very expensive and power losses are high, making connections to the grid almost impossible. A well-designed microgrid that integrates renewable energy resources can help remote areas reduce investment costs and power losses while providing a reliable power source. Therefore, investigating the design of an independent and economically practical microgrid system for these areas is necessary and plays an important role. This paper introduces a design procedure to design an isolated microgrid using HOMER software for remote areas. In Vietnam, due to the obstruction of the mountainous terrain or the isolated island location, many remote areas or islands need electrification. A simple case study of a hybrid system with a 60 kW peak load demand on Con Dao island in Vietnam is used to illustrate the proposed design method. Specifically, a hybrid system that includes a PV system, batteries, and a diesel generator is designed. To provide the full information of the designed hybrid system designed, each solution is analyzed and evaluated in detail according to the sensitivity parameters.


Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEVs) are already on the market. Its aim is to reduce the fuel consumption of a conventional vehicle using reversible energy sources such as a battery. There are multiple ways to do that and if the aim is to minimize the fuel consumption, it is clear that all the capacity of the battery has to be used. However, when a user has to drive a route that is bigger than the electric range, there is the challenge to know where and when the vehicle has to use each energy source.
Even having a complex algorithm to determinate which is the most optimal way to use the battery, the methodology to test this algorithm is still not optimal and requires a lot of time and money. It is known that simulation and automation can brought down test cost, so an automatic evaluation process is required to test the viability of an operating strategy.
The results show that it is possible to design an automatic evaluation process ensuring that the simulations behaves equal to real test. By this way, the velocity of the algorithm development can be considerably improved.


With the rise of medical humanities, narrative medicine is becoming established in the human medical field, but there has been scant literature on narrative veterinary medicine. In this book, Karen Fine, a holistic, integrative practitioner, argues that narrative veterinary medicine will not only improve communication with clients, but also the care of veterinary patients and the wellbeing of veterinary team members. The first section provides an overview of narrative medicine, drawing primarily on medical literature to explain the emergence and conceptual basis of this field. In short, in veterinary practice, the client presents a patient or patients, and brings to the consultation a particular narrative. The client narrative yields insights into the client's world view, which impacts the nature of the human-animal relationship, the decisions made on behalf of that animal, who they trust with the animal's care, their expectations and "problems in parantheses" (deeper concerns that clients may struggle to articulate). With the veterinary team, a new narrative (including a plan) is co-created with the client. Fine explains how the stories we tell ourselves can impact our own perceptions and approaches to clients, and even our wellbeing. I was reminded of the work of Alf Wight, better known by his pen-name James Herriot. According to the biography written by his son Jim, Wight struggled with mental illness and often worked in difficult circumstances. Were Herriot's stories an attempt to reframe his work and professional identity? The second section is structured around the veterinary consultation, including narratives of veterinary team members, obtaining a history, making a plan and recording the narrative. To paraphrase Rachel Naomi Remen, veterinarians cure with their expertise but heal with their experience and attention. The third section highlights issues Fine identifies as "unique" to the veterinary profession, including euthanasia, while the fourth focuses on the stories of veterinary team members. It introduces tools for reflective practice, including parallel charts (the story of the patient that isn't included in medical records, but enables the clinician to develop their own narrative), and personal loss timelines (documentation of our own losses, and how these may inform our interaction with clients and patients). It incorporates narrative case studies throughout. Fine claims that burnout can be decreased by emphasising the unique stories of patients and clients rather than just focusing on diagnosis and treatment, while compassion fatigue can be reduced through reflective practice, and narrative boundary-setting. Whether and how this is the case remains to be seen, as there is a dearth of research in this field. It may be that narrative veterinary medicine reduces burnout and compassion fatigue by increasing engagement and interest. Given concerns about the wellbeing of veterinary team members, it is important that such questions are explored through well-designed studies. Clinicians used to reading veterinary textbooks may find the relative lack of evidence a "hard sell". Fine's work is certainly based on key published texts in veterinary narrative medicine, and points to additional sources including narrative medicine journals. It provides a highly accessible, enjoyable introduction to a field which will no doubt grow. The book can be read from cover to cover in a few sittings, or dipped into. My copy is dog-eared and tagged in sections I want to revisit and explore in more depth. The book will appeal most to those already comfortable with the concept of reflective practice, and those willing to make time to listen to and engage with client narratives. Those who aren't may still find some of the tools described useful to refine their consultations. It demands that we consider the way we construct stories about our work and our patients, the way we respond to stories from clients, and how those stories influence our reasoning, interaction with patients and clients, professional identities and even clinical outcomes. As someone who does not identify as an integrative practitioner, but is a fan of reflective practice, I found this book fascinating. It will be of interest to veterinarians, nurses, technicians, students, educators (particulary those teaching clinical communication) and social workers.


For sub-50-nm semiconductor patterning processes, extremely coherent illumination and high-transmission (Hi-T) attenuated background phase-shifting reticles are becoming increasingly important in delivering high-quality aerial images. Here, a Hi-T reticle is defined as any attenuated phase-shifting mask with a background transmission intensity of 12% or higher of incident light. While numerical simulation has served as a powerful tool in reticle design, the analytical relation of image log slope (ILS) and mask error enhancement factor (MEEF) are calculable in concise, exact form to reveal additional insight into reticle optimization. The properties of ILS and MEEF can be derived analytically in predicting the optimal range of mask bias in terms of image contrast and sensitivity for improved critical dimension (CD) control. These derived relations also demonstrate the capability for analysis beyond extensive numerical simulation and can be easily scaled and applied to various pitches and mask CDs. These relations are also verified in this paper with simulation of realistic process parameters and thus prove the applicability in optimization of Hi-T reticles.


Objective To evaluate clinical value of anti-HCV-IgM with silver enhanced dot immunogold fietration assay.Method The levels of anti-HCV-IgM and HCV-RNA in 60 healthy volunteers and in 20 patients with active hepatitis C and in 10 patients with stabilization period hepatitis C were determined with silver enhanced dot immunogold fietration assay(SEDIGFA).Results Anti HCV IgM was positive only in the patients with hepatitis C,and all negative in healthy donors;There were no cross reactions with IgM antibody to HAV and HBV;The false positive and negative caused by RF and specific IgG were removed;30 patients with hepatitis C were assayed for anti-HCV IgM,the positive rate of 85% in the patients with active hepatitis C(ALT being abnormal) was significantly higher than that of 20% in the patients with stabilization period hepatitis C(ALT being normal)(P 0.001);the positive rate of anti HCV-IgM in the patients with hepatitis C was no significant difference than HCV-RNA.Conclusion Anti-HCV IgM is a useful marker in diagnosis activity of chronic hepatitis C and guiding the antiviral therapy.


At the turn of the 1930s, the Soviet film industry actively released documentary films about life of remote regions of the country, giving its audience an opportunity to make virtual trips across the "sixth part of the Earth." This phenomenon had a political background: unification of leading creative and scientific forces for creation of the screen image of a multi-structured, multinational, and successfully developing socialist country within the frameworks of state project "Cinema Atlas of the USSR." The article is to introduce into scientific use an archival documentary "Jews on the Earth" (1927) directed by Abram Room, a film telling about the state program for Jewish settlement of the northern Circum-Pontic region. The socio-political, cultural, and ideological context of its creation is analyzed. The study draws on little-known visual and textual archives, as well as on data of the Soviet periodicals and excerpts from the screenwriter V.B. Shklovsky's theoretical heritage. Due to specifics of silent cinema, the film "Jews on the Earth" is a kind of cinematic text, consisting of approximately equal number of alternating film frames and text credits written by Vladimir Mayakovsky and Lily Brick. The film story is a sequence of episodes describing agrarization of the Jewish population, its "exodus" from the destroyed miasteczkos to the fertile southern lands. In the course of the research, it becomes obvious that this film is an example of the propaganda films describing the success of early Soviet colonization projects. The method used by Abram Room when working on the "Jews on the Earth" was a creative combination of the documentary and feature film techniques, allowing the film not just to convey dry information, but also to highlight socio-cultural context of the events. The film's significance was in its contribution to the visual chronicle of the Soviet colonization and to the development of the myth of existence of the Jewish community in the USSR. It is concluded that this film, even overcoming the frameworks of purely propagandistic narration and becoming an outstanding phenomenon of cinematographic art, remains a significant example of the visual anthropology of the Soviet period, as well as a multilayered historical source that has not lost its relevance for modern scientific study.


A study was conducted to determine the feeding preference of the bagworm, Metisa plana on different palm species in no-choice and choice feeding tests. In the laboratory study, the larvae of bagworm, M. plana were fed with leaves of four palm species namely oil palm (Elaeis guineensis), coconut (Cocos nucifera), red sealing wax palm (Cyrtostachys renda) and salak (Salacca zalacca). In the no-choice feeding test, the bagworms were fed with leaves of each selected palm species and in the choice feeding test, the M. plana were fed in pairs with leaves of E. guineensis as a constant diet and each of C. nucifera, C. renda and S. zalacca respectively. Furthermore, the feeding preference of bagworms on E. guineensis and C. nucifera leaves was evaluated in a semi-field trial. The result of the laboratory study showed that C. nucifera was the most preferred host plant followed by E. guineensis, C. renda and S. zalacca. The M. plana fed with C. nucifera leaves recorded 28.83 cm2 and 22.01cm2 of total leaflet area consumed in the no-choice feeding test and choice feeding test respectively. The bagworms feeding on leaves of C. nucifera showed 33.33 per cent survival rate and were observed to have the fastest larval development and transformation to pupal stage. The leaves of C. nucifera were preferred over E. guineensis despite the latter being the observed host plant of this bagworm species. In no-choice assessments, the M. plana fed with E. guineensis leaves recorded a total leaf area consumption at 26.89 cm2 and showed only a 13.33 per cent survival rate. C. renda and S. zalacca leaves were recorded as the least preferred host plant and recorded a low leaf area consumption at 14.67cm2 and 11.40 cm2 in no-choice feeding and 1.29 cm2 and 5.05 cm2 in choice feeding respectively. The M. plana that were fed with the two respective palms did not survive to the pupal stage. In the semi-field study, similar results were obtained as C. nucifera was recorded as the more preferred host plant by the bagworm as compared to E. guineensis. The cumulative damage on the leaves of the palms was recorded at 29.37 per cent for C. nucifera and 13.13 per cent for E. guineensis. In the choice feeding test, the bagworms fed with leaves of C. nucifera recorded 12.71 per cent and that of E. guineensis at 8.19 per cent of cumulative damage. The percentage of survival rate of bagworms that were fed with C. nucifera leaves was recorded to be significantly higher (P<0.05) at 18.75 ± 2.16 per cent as compared to E. guineensis that recorded only 9.50 ± 1.53 per cent. Keywords: Bagworm, Metisa plana, feeding preference, oil palm, coconut, red sealing wax palm, salak palm.


The total product life cycle cost can be planned based on one of the methods of global cost estimation. Also, total product life cycle cost can be planned based on cost plans and estimates by phases of the product life cycle, such as the phases of development, production, use and termination of the life cycle. By identifying the specific activities related to the relevant phases of life cycle as corresponding cost drivers, it is possible to accurately determine the total cost of individual phases using suitable methods known in the literature. This paper presents planning possibility respectively cost assessment of product development phase.


to tumor development, or that the animals all de veloped tumors at a later age. In the latter case, although the rate of tumor development will be the same as that in the controls, the tumor incidence might be reduced as a consequence of an increase in deaths due to extraneous causes, which are gen erally proportional to the life span of the animals. It is often advisable to ascertain whether an agent has prevented tumor onset in some of the animals or merely delayed it in all of them. The method to be discussed is a simple procedure which enables one to distinguish between these two alternatives.1 The development of spontaneous mammary tu mors in mice is in part dependent upon the pres ence of female sex hormone. Lathrop, Loeb, Cori, and Murray (1, 5, 6, 8) discovered that the devel opment of mammary tumors was prevented by ovariectomy at an early age. Murray (8) induced mammary tumor development by transplanting ovaries into male mice, and Lacassagne (4) ob* Aided by cancer research funds of the University of C'alifornia. This work is taken from a thesis submitted in


One factor contributing to the uncertainty of a flight's takeoff time is related to the variation between the planned taxi out time vs the actual time due to congestion delay between the stand and the runway. By determining which taxiway intersections create the most instances of delay, procedures and alternate routes could later be developed to try to alleviate these delays and create a more predictable operation. However, medium and small airports generally do not have surface surveillance systems in place necessary to record this type of data. This paper will propose and investigate a method to record and analyze aircraft movement on the airport surface through the use of inexpensive ADS-B antennas and open source programs that can be quickly installed at airports that want to perform postoperational analysis regarding their surface movements. Results show that the main congestion points can be determined through the use of this system, that the amount of data necessary to perform the analysis can be reduced from what is initially recorded by 99,9%, and that the reduction does not remove necessary data quality. Keywords-data analysis; delay; airport; taxi; congestion


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Let $\A$ be a unital complex (Banach) algebra and $\M$ be a unital (Banach) $\A$-bimodule. The main results describe (continuous) derivations or Jordan derivations $D:\A\rightarrow \M$ through the action on zero products, under certain conditions on $\A$ and $\M$. The proof is based on the consideration of a (continuous) bilinear map satisfying a related condition.


A method of screening human serum for the ability to kill bacterial cells comprises incubating the serum with bacterial cells in the absence of any immune cells or complement, then assaying the number of viable bacterial cells present.


Methane production potentials from soils of Phragmites australis and Cyperus malaccensis wetland of Min River estuary were determined by laboratory anaerobic incubation experiments.The greatest methane production potential from P.australis wetland and C.malaccensis wetland soil appeared on fifth day after incubation.There was the highest methane production potential from P.australis and C.malaccensis wetland soils collected in September and December,and the low value both collected in July.Methane production potential from C.malaccensis wetland was inhibited by nitrogen import.The methane production potential after adding nitrogen was significantly different with that of controlling soils(p0.05).


Improper application of industrial structure means the inconsistency between production value structure of industry and employment structure of labor force.In the development of three gorges region during the past over ten years,social and economic has developed greatly,industrial structure has optimized and upgraded constantly.However,for many kinds of reasons,employment structure transference has lagged behind severely production value structure transference.This thesis tries to use the analytical method of improper application of industrial structure to analyze the current situation and emerging causes of improper application of three gorges regional industrial structure,and put forward the fundamental measures on optimizing industrial structure,reducing the improper application margin of industrial structure,promoting sustainable development of regional economy.


The article attempts to verify a common conception that has by now become an integral part oflegal culture in civil law jurisdictions, namely, the conception that despite its unresolved legal status, case law (i.e. the body of past judicial decisions) is widely used by the courts when they are justifying their interpretative choices. For this purpose, an exploratory empirical study of court citation practices was conducted. The study focused on a sample of the officially reported decisions of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Slovenia and the appellate (Higher) courts on civil matters in 2011 that were publicly accessible on the official internet database of the Slovene courts. The aim of the study, which provides the first systematic outline of the use of case law in the judicial decisionmaking process within the Slovene legal system, was to verify whether case law in fact constitutes an important factor in judicial decision-making. It did so by focusing on the extentand the manner in which Slovene courts refer to case law, as these may be inferred from the reasoning of their decisions.


. The article presents development process of the high frequency DC/DC converter built on the basis of silicon carbide elements. The device has been designed for energy storage applications, as a part of a DC microgrid with renewable energy sources. The structure and basics of the proposed control algorithm of the converter have been presented. The work contains the results of experimental tests of the converter operating with 500 kHz switching frequency in application with a supercapacitor.


Background: The sensitivity of plasma-based oncological assays is influenced by the amount of tumor DNA shed into the circulation (ctDNA fraction). Higher ctDNA fraction has been shown to correlate with later-stage cancers and poorer overall survival (Bettegowda C, et al. Sci Transl Med. 2014; Dawson SJ, et al. N Engl J Med. 2014). Other factors affecting ctDNA fraction are poorly understood. We present results from three large Phase III breast cancer studies (MONALEESA-2, -3, and -7) to evaluate correlations between ctDNA fraction and clinical characteristics and impact on progression-free survival (PFS) and best overall tumor response. Methods: Baseline plasma samples were collected from patients (pts) in the MONALEESA-2, -3, and -7 studies, which are Phase III registration trials testing ribociclib, a cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitor, in hormone receptor–positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2–negative advanced breast cancer. For each trial, cell-free DNA was extracted from plasma and sequenced using a validated next-generation sequencing assay targeting approximately 550 genes. ctDNA fraction was estimated by analyzing short-read sequences using PureCN (Riester M, et al. Source Code Biol Med. 2016) and tested for correlations with various tumor characteristics (size at baseline, Ki67 expression, number and type of metastatic sites, hormone receptor status) and pt characteristics (type of prior therapy, line of therapy, ECOG performance status, age, body mass index, race, histological grade, menopausal status). We also evaluated the prognostic value of ctDNA fraction on PFS and best overall response. To evaluate the prognostic effect on PFS, ctDNA fraction was binned into 3 categories (not detectable; low, 0.5%-10%; high, > 10%). Results: Higher ctDNA fractions were observed in pts with more metastatic sites (P 10%) ctDNA fractions (HR [95% CI], 0.63 [0.48-0.82], 0.64 [0.51-0.80], and 0.67 [0.52-0.86] in the MONALEESA-2, -3, and -7 trials, respectively). A more pronounced effect on PFS was observed in pts with undetectable levels of ctDNA vs pts with higher ctDNA fractions (HR [95% CI], 0.35 [0.23-0.52], 0.34 [0.21-0.55], and 0.31 [0.21-0.47] in the MONALEESA-2, -3, and -7 trials, respectively). Conclusions: Generally, higher ctDNA fraction was associated with more aggressive tumor characteristics and prior exposure to therapy. Lower ctDNA fraction was associated with longer PFS and better overall response. Together these data suggest that ctDNA fraction is a robust prognostic factor. Citation Format: Nadia Solovieff, Faye Su, Rebecca Leary, Alejandro Balbin, Arunava Chakravartty, Karen Rodriguez Lorenc, Tetiana Taran, Naveen Babbar. Association of tumor DNA in circulation with clinical characteristics and treatment response in HR+/HER2− advanced breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference on Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2019 Oct 26-30; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2019;18(12 Suppl):Abstract nr A031. doi:10.1158/1535-7163.TARG-19-A031


This paper described a spatial correlation and eigenvalue in a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) channel. A MIMO channel model with a multipath propagation mechanism was proposed and showed the channel matrix. The spatial correlation coefficient formula 𝜌𝑖−𝑗,𝑖′−𝑗′(𝑏𝑚) between MIMO channel matrix elements was derived for the model and was expressed as a directive wave term added to the product of mobile site correlation 𝜌𝑖−𝑖′(𝑚) and base site correlation 𝜌𝑗−𝑗′(𝑏) without LOS path, which are calculated independently of each other. By using 𝜌𝑖−𝑗,𝑖′−𝑗′(𝑏𝑚), it is possible to create the channel matrix element with a fixed correlation value estimated by 𝜌𝑖−𝑗,𝑖′−𝑗′(𝑏𝑚) for a given multipath condition and a given antenna configuration. Furthermore, the correlation and the channel matrix eigenvalue were simulated, and the simulated and theoretical correlation values agreed well. The simulated eigenvalue showed that the average of the first eigenvalue λ1 hardly depends on the correlation 𝜌𝑖−𝑗,𝑖′−𝑗′(𝑏𝑚), but the others do depend on 𝜌𝑖−𝑗,𝑖′−𝑗′(𝑏𝑚) and approach 𝜆1 as 𝜌𝑖−𝑗,𝑖′−𝑗′(𝑏𝑚) decreases. Moreover, as the path moves into LOS, the 𝜆1 state with mobile movement becomes more stable than the 𝜆1 of NLOS path.


This article is concerned with the asymptotic accuracy of the Computational Singular Perturbation (CSP) method developed by Lam and Goussis to reduce the dimensionality of a system of chemical kinetics equations. The method exploits the presence of disparate time scales to model the dynamics by an evolution equation on a lower-dimensional slow manifold. In this article it is shown that the successive applications of the CSP algorithm generate, order by order, the asymptotic expansion of a slow manifold. The results are illustrated on the Michaelis-Menten-Henri equations of enzyme kinetics.


This is the second paper in a series that describes the morphology, immunohistochemistry, and synaptology of the mormyrid electrosensory lateral line lobe (ELL). The ELL is a highly laminated cerebellum‐like structure in the rhombencephalon that subserves an active electric sense: Objects in the nearby environment of the fish are detected on the basis of changes in the reafferent electrosensory signals that are generated by the animal's own electric organ discharge. The present paper describes interneurons in the superficial (molecular, ganglionic, and plexiform) layers of the ELL cortex that were analyzed in the light and electron microscopes after Golgi impregnation, intracellular labeling, neuroanatomical tracing, and γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) immunohistochemistry.


The research is focused on the problems of legal regulation of expressing opinions and beliefs in print media. The scientific novelty of the research constitutes propositions on supplementing the Law of Ukraine "On Print Mass Media (Press) in Ukraine" with a new norm that would regulate the work of electronic pages of the print media.
The constitutional right to free expression of opinions and beliefs can be exercised by disseminating certain concepts in the media. Ways of expressing one's own opinions and concepts in the press have been determined. It has been stated that a public organization or a political party can spread own opinions by creating own printed publication. An interview with a well-known public figure or politician in order to publish the text of a conversation in the press is also one of the ways to spread one's own worldview. Another form of expression of one's beliefs is the publication of an article prepared by a public or political organization, a well-known person in a newspaper or magazine.
The author has provided characteristics of the procedure for the foundation of the printed edition. Features of the legal status and activities of journalists to collect information about the opinions and beliefs of well-known people are also reflected in the work. The legal principles for the relationship between journalists, media owners and public figures in order to spread opinions and beliefs have been clarified.
The problems of legal regulation of placement of printed mass media materials on the Internet have been outlined. The author has analyzed propositions of scholars on legal regulation of disseminating information on the Internet. Suggestions on amending the legislation regulating the activities of print media on the placement of press materials on the Internet have been formulated.


Naturally occurring acid rock drainage has historically and is presently negatively affecting reaches of North Fork Rapid Creek, North Fork Castle Creek, and Castle Creek in the Upper Rapid Creek Watershed of the Black Hills near Rochford, South Dakota. Samples were collected and assessments were made for these creeks during 2002 and 2003. The acid rock drainage has a pH of ap proximately 2.5 to 3.5 and contains high concentrations of iron, aluminum, and sulfate. Uncontaminated surface water has a pH of approximately 7 to 8.5 and contains high concentrations of calcium, magnesium, and bicarbonate. When the acid drainage mixes with uncontaminated water of these creeks, natural buffering reactions occur, causing iron and aluminum hydroxides to precipitate. Surface water chemistry from upstream to downstream was little affected by the


and to assess their relevance to the evaluation of man emerging in our modern technological society, could be a very worth-while exercise. Dr. Cragg certainly has the scholastic equipment for the task he essayed ; but he has chosen to approach it as a Christian theologian, often concerned with apologetical issues. The first chapter, entitled ' Contemporary man : "' I lacknothing except myself" ', sets the tone. It would do excellently to introduce a book on Christian apologetics—the ransacking of recent secularist literature to expose the sense of alienation and frustration in modern secular society. Despite the statement on the dust-cover that the ' aim in The Privilege of Man is to bring the two worlds [sic] together, to let the common faith of the great monotheisms about man take the measure of the modern malaise, . . .', it is difficult to be certain of Dr. Cragg's thesis, though not of his purpose. Perhaps the following passage comes nearest to defining the academic theme of his book: ' The command to " love the Lord with all your mind " stands as a perpetual validation of the right role of reason in a sound theology. To hold only a functional, pragmatic or instrumentalist view of the rational in man is to invite its worst distortion. . . . It only finds its dignity in its converse with (!od, and for this it is well endowed. . . . Hence the emphasis, throughout the Hebraic, Christian and Muslim ethos, on history and action, revelation and event, devotion and commitment, as the ultimate context of the Divine-human encounter ' (p. 194). To achieve this ' sound theology ', Dr. Cragg has selected certain topics common to the three religions concerned, and compared their respective treatments of them. These comparisons invariably redound to the credit of Christianity.


Increased heavy metal concentrations in cropland soil cause stress on many crops and decline crops′ quality.The objective of this article is to try a new method to monitoring heavy metal pollution in cropland like remote sensing,which can be applied to estimate Pb pollution on paddy plant. Experiment that paddy plants were cultivated in the potted soils manually contaminated by Pb was settled down to investigate the stress caused by Pb absorbed by paddy plants.In the developmental stages of seeding,early tillering,full tillering,jointing and booting,hyperspectral reflectance measurements on paddy plant canopy were done by a hyperspectral radiometer.Meanwhile,we got Pb concentrations in parts of paddy plant,and canopy leaves′ chlorophyll content.Quantitive relationship between Pb concentration in parts of paddy plant,canopy leaves′ chlorophyll content and canopy reflectance was studied.Results showed that chlorophyll content of canopy leaves and composition of chlorophyll,chlorophyll a and b vary obviously under Pb stress.The difference of canopy reflectance at the sensitive bands of 520nm~560nm and 630nm~690nm is most significant,and it differs from the three Pb treatments on rice from each other.Therefore,these spectral regions are validated as sensitive bands to Pb pollution on paddy plants.According to the first(620nm~670nm) and forth channel(545nm~564nm) of MODIS and sensitive band(760nm) in the near infrared region,552nm,672nm and 760nm were selected to construct composite normalized difference pollution index(CNDPI).CNDPI discriminates all the three Pb contamination levels of paddy plants.At the early tillering stage,the canopy hyperspectral reflectance and CNDPI distinguish Pb pollution condition commendably.Therefore,monitoring Pb pollution on paddy plants with remote sensing data of raw canopy reflectance and CNDPI at the early tillering stage is a potential solution and new reference for heavy metal pollution condition monitoring technology.


Key Points Question What are the safety and clinical outcomes associated with chlorthalidone or hydrochlorothiazide use among older adults with varying levels of kidney function? Findings In this cohort study of 12 722 older adults, chlorthalidone use was associated with a higher risk for eGFR decline of 30% or more, cardiovascular events, and hypokalemia compared with hydrochlorothiazide use. The excess risk of hypokalemia with chlorthalidone was attenuated in participants with reduced kidney function. Meaning These findings suggest that there is no clear reason to prefer chlorthalidone over hydrochlorothiazide, although further randomized clinical trials may provide clarity into the comparative effectiveness of these 2 medications.


Reliability calculation programs for electrical power systems are available since the early 80s and have been since then continuously developed e.g. [1] [2]. However, these programs are designed for conventional power supply systems which consist of predominantly consumers. Through the development of electrical power systems in Europe and particularly the establishment of many new offshore wind farms, these lead to an enormous change in the power supply grids (infeed grids). Therefore it is a substantial need for adaptation of these programs to determine the reliability of the overall power system in a realistic way. In this paper, additionally to the offshore specific reliability indices, three new models are presented. These models are especially created for offshore wind farms and their characteristics. These models are respectively: the weather influence model, the power infeed control model and the reliability modeling of the wind turbine generator (WTG). Based on one exemplary wind farm design, the developed models are compared with the conventional models. This work presents the impact of the different improved models on the reliability results. The importance and the necessity of these established models in order to reach more realistic and environmental depended reliability analysis results are hereby illustrated.


Evaluation of bone fracture risk is important for the diagnosis and treatment of osteoporosis. Bone stiffness is a major factor in determining overall bone strength and fracture risk. With recent improvements in the spatial resolution of CT systems, it is possible to visualize bone microstructure and extract texture features. It is hypothesized that bone texture can be used to improve the assessment of bone strength compared to using bone mineral density (BMD) alone. In this work, we develop image analysis models for bone stiffness estimation utilizing deep learning (DL) features, radiomics features, and gradient structure tensors (GSTs) to estimate trabecular bone stiffness for high-resolution CT. We base our analysis on a dataset containing micro-CT images of 70 individual lumbar vertebrae. Ten trabecular bone ROIs were extracted from each vertebral body and their bone structure was segmented. The mechanical stiffness of each ROI was estimated using micro-finite element (μFE) analysis. Blur and correlated noise derived from clinical high-resolution CT systems were then added to the trabecular bone ROIs to generate simulated high-resolution CT images. A 3D residual network (ResNet) was trained to extract DL features to predict μFE-derived bone stiffness from the simulated CT images. Radiomics and GST features of bone ROIs were also computed for the same task. The prediction results for DL, radiomics, and GST features combined showed the best performance with a root mean square error (RMSE) of 2.646 N/μm and an R2 of 0.881. The performance of DL features alone was better than using BMD alone or using radiomic features alone. Additionally, incorporating orientation information from GST into the models resulted in improved accuracy. We demonstrate that μFEestimated mechanical properties of lumbar vertebral trabecular bone can be inferred from high-resolution CT images and that a combination of DL, radiomic, and GST features provides the highest prediction performance.


The present invention discloses a rock wool, a method of vacuum insulation wall insulation panels of mineral wool production waste, including the following: the rock wool and / or slag and mineral wool waste to remove impurities, multi toothed crusher the broken scraps formed filaments 5-50mm, and then sprayed resin curing agent; fiber filaments template good spread, the oil pressure into an oven heated, pressurized, compressed to a desired thickness of the sheet; the sheet after molding trimmed, cut to size required; and the cut sheet of aluminum foil into a glass fiber cloth evacuated prepared products. Methods of the present invention for producing vacuum insulation wall insulation panels, simple process, convert waste, full use of rock wool, mineral wool waste, the production of vacuum insulation panels easy construction wall insulation, fire protection, the well played insulation, heat insulation, sound effect, the combustion performance of class A, light weight, long weathering times.


The following study presents two methods established for characterizing the mechanical properties of polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel membranes. The first one, an instant deformation test with an automated machine allowed the determination of the elastic properties of the material, while the second permitted the determination of the viscoelastic properties with the use of the standard linear solid model while confirming the previously found elastic results. This is not trivial as clearly old fashioned tests such as the ASTM standard tension test where grips are used to hold the sample are not feasible to perform due to the fragile characteristics of this kind material that resemble delicate biological tissues. The results obtained are consistent with previous publications, where different methods where used, but an increase in the material strength was also found as the number of freezing/thawing cycles increased.Copyright © 2008 by ASME


In this paper, we introduce a new method for fractal interpolation, herein called Neural Network Algorithm (NNA), which is based on Iterated Functions Systems (IFS); proposed to self-affine signals interpolation with error of expected interpolation. Experiments on theoretical data show
 that the proposed interpolation schemes can obtain the expected point value and work with great precision in rebuilding the specified data profile, which leads to a significant advantage over other interpolation methods.


Electron probe studies on polished sections of dental silicate cement show that it consists of well-defined particles embedded in a phosphate matrix. The matrix contains phosphorus, aluminum, and calcium but no silicon. The calcium and aluminum originate from the particle surface, which becomes an aluminosilica gel, whereas the phosphorus is derived from the cement liquid.


The aim of our work is to introduce the welding possibilities of the thin sheet and to compare these different methodologies. The welding was made by the Cloos welding robots that can be found on Bánki faculty. The Cloos (Crown International Kft.) ensured the welding robot and helped us to program it. In our work, we welded all-weld-metal test specimens made of S235 quality sheets, which were bounded according to 3 type welding procedures (Control Weld, Vari Weld, Speed Weld) by gauge, and we examed the quality of the welding. The robot works with a 1,2 mm diameter-consumable electrode, and we have the lowest parameters. To be able to evaluate the results, every welding were made with the same settings. The sheet gauge was decreased from 3mm to 1 mm with 0,5 mm gauge steps. We evaluated the specimens with visual examination, and selected the unweldable ones. We made a bond strength test on the remaining specimens. From the test results we reasoned to the quality and mechanical solidity of the weld.


In this paper a synthesis procedure for heteroassociative memories using Cellular Neural Networks (CNNs) is presented. The suggested method, by assuring the condition of symmetry of the interconnection matrix, guarantees the complete stability of the designed network, besides providing that all the stored patterns correspond to asymptotically stable equilibrium points. Numerical examples are carried out to show the behaviour of the designed memory with respect to input perturbations. Moreover, the storage capacity and the presence of spurious equilibria have been investigated. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


A 75-yr-old nonsmoking female, with an unremarkable medical history, was admitted to the emergency ward for evaluation of dyspnoea and right-sided thoracic pain.

Physical examination revealed tachycardia and decreased breath sounds at the right lower base, with dullness on percussion. Electrocardiography showed atrial fibrillation.

A right-sided hemithoracic mass was seen upon chest radiography (fig. 1⇓). Computed tomography (CT) of the chest and magnetic resonance (MR) were also performed (figs 2⇓ and 3⇓).

Fig. 1—
Chest radiograph.

Fig. 2—
Computed tomography of the chest.

Fig. 3—
Magnetic resonance tomography of the chest and abdomen (T2-weighted image).

Laboratory results were as follows: white blood cells = 13.42×106 cells·L-1; red blood cells = 451×106 cells·L-1 and serum total protein 66 g·L-1 (albumin = 55.1%, gammaglobulin = 12.1%). Carcinoembryonic antigen, β2-microglobulin, α-fetoprotein and β-human chorionic gonadotropin were all within normal range.

Abdominal ultrasound revealed a liver cyst. Bone scintigraphy and CT of the …


Near-diffraction-limited performance at 1.5 µm of a free-space concave ruled grating demultiplexer for densely-spaced wavelength routed networks is reported. Over the wavelength range of 16 nm (40 channels) and channel spacing of 0.4 nm, the fibre-to-fibre loss was 6–9 dB and channel crosstalk was better than 25 dB. [This Letter first appeared in print in 1995, issue 17, p.1466–1467, and has been reprinted because of the significance of the corrections.]


Although many patients take antioxidant dietary supplements during breast cancer treatment, the benefits of such supplementation are unproven. The authors of this report analyzed the prevalence of and factors associated with antioxidant supplement use during breast cancer (BC) treatment among women who participated in the Long Island Breast Cancer Study Project.


The famous Erd\H{o}s-S\'os conjecture states that every graph of average degree more than $t-1$ must contain every tree on $t+1$ vertices. In this paper, we study a spectral version of this conjecture. For $n>k$, let $S_{n,k}$ be the join of a clique on $k$ vertices with an independent set of $n-k$ vertices and denote by $S_{n,k}^+$ the graph obtained from $S_{n,k}$ by adding one edge. We show that for fixed $k\geq 2$ and sufficiently large $n$, if a graph on $n$ vertices has adjacency spectral radius at least as large as $S_{n,k}$ and is not isomorphic to $S_{n,k}$, then it contains all trees on $2k+2$ vertices. Similarly, if a sufficiently large graph has spectral radius at least as large as $S_{n,k}^+$, then it either contains all trees on $2k+3$ vertices or is isomorphic to $S_{n,k}^+$. This answers a two-part conjecture of Nikiforov affirmatively.


Summary form only given. Thin-disk laser (TDL) technology has a crucial interest for high-power ultrafast laser oscillators. The thermal control of the gain medium allows the generation of high average power and high energy fs pulses directly out of an oscillator. From the past few years, some research efforts have focused on reducing the pulse duration using this technology [1]. In this point of view, we are presenting here the first femtosecond thin-disk oscillator using a very promising crystal, Yb:CALGO. This material combines atypical advantageous spectroscopic and thermal properties for an Yb-doped one. Moreover it has already demonstrated interesting results in bulk configuration with sub-50-fs pulses at low power and sub-100 fs with 12 W. These results motivated its use in the TDL configuration and the demonstration of high-power fs TDL using Yb:CALGO is shown with the production 28 W, 1.3 μJ, 300 fs pulses and 20 W, 0.9 μJ, 197 fs pulses.The femtosecond experiment was performed with a 2%-doped, 350-μm-thick, Yb:CALGO crystal. The setup is presented in fig. 1. The crystal diameter is 6 mm, and it is cut for the laser beam to propagate along the σ-axis, with access to both σ- and π-polarization. The pump diode delivers up to 230 W. The pump spot diameter on the disk is 2.9 mm and the laser beam waist diameter is 2.1mm. When the crystal is glued on a copper heat sink, one can observe a deleterious thermal astigmatism occurring for pump power around 130 W. In order to overcome this problem the crystal was glued on a diamond mount (fig. 1). In this case, in a multimode configuration we obtained up to 86 W in cw regime, corresponding to an optical-to-optical efficiency of 37.5 %. The cavity is optimized to operate in spatially single mode operation (fig. 1), with M2<;1.1. The average power in cw regime is then 50 W with a 6 % output coupler. Inserting in a cavity a 0.5 %-modulation-depth SESAM (from BATOP GmbH) with a saturation fluence of 90 μJ/cm2 and -2000 fs2 GTI mirrors, up to 28 W of average power has been obtained in femtosecond regime. The pulse duration is then 300 fs corresponding to a pulse energy of 1.3 μJ for a repetition rate of 23 MHz. In order to reduce the pulse duration a fused silica plate (3-mm-thick) is inserted in the cavity (fig. 1) to add Kerr self-phase modulation. In this configuration, 20 W has been obtained with a pulse duration of 197 fs corresponding to an energy of 0.9 μJ. The autocorrelation and spectral traces are plotted in fig. 1.In conclusion, we demonstrated the first femtosecond Yb:CaGdAlO4 thin-disk oscillator with the production of 28 W for 300-fs pulses and 20 W for sub-200-fs pulses. The efficiency of respectively 13% and 9% could be increase in the future and the results obtained so far represent the only first step with Yb:CALGO in TDL. Moreover, the production of 135 fs pulses has also been performed[2] but at low power (1.3 W) due to a lack of gain in the material and high unsaturable losses of the SESAM, and a tunability from 1032 nm to 1046 nm for sub-200 fs pulses has also been demonstrated at low power.


The purpose of this special edition of the Journal of Childhaod Communication Disorders is to address some of the complex issues that face the clinician who will manage the child with central auditory processing (CAP) problems. One specific goal is to identify the more important questions and complicating matters that pervade this subject. Another is to supply concrete suggestions to aid in the diagnosis and treatment of the disorder. The authors call upon their considerable clinical expertise, research, and knowledge of the literature to accomplish these goals resulting in a comprehensive and potent review of this communicative disorder.


SYNETUDE design and produces a continuous flow ultrasonic reactor used for many physical and chemical processing applications. It is indented to scale-up a laboratory to a pilot or industrial scale with the same spectacular effects generated under ultrasound irradiation. Another unique feature is the intense effects observed in the tube stronger than in the concurrent technologies are obtained with similar power. It permits to reduce considerably the power consumption and therefore to protect environment. The SONITUBE® is available in standard frequency of 20, 35 kHz and power ratings from 200 to 1500 watts. The present poster presents the different possible applications and benefits of using a new design integrating a 20 kHz high solid alloy sonotrode (Faïd et al., 1998). SONITUBE description The SONITUBE is a continuous flow reactor which propagates ultrasonic energy thanks to the cavitation effect. Almost all of the ultrasonic mechanical energy is delivered to the product. The product may be a liquid, a mixture of liquids or a solid/liquid mixture. The electronic generator generates a periodic electrical signal at an ultrasonic frequency. An ultrasonic transducer excites the tube (sonotrode) wall at the resonant frequency, causing cavitation of extreme power (Figure 1).


This article is a part of a research developed by the author. Its aims at analysing aspects of social violence in order to support an approach to this problem in the field of public health. Therefore a theoretical discussion is presented. Finally, the author concludes that the interdisciplinary view and the intersectional actions are necessary for public health aiming at efficiently dealing with the complexity of social violence.


Results from chemical thinning in commercial orchards and in experimental plantings often vary. Results from the same treatments may vary from year to year and from one location to another within a year. There are many factors that may be responsible for the differing results, but we really do not understand these factors or their potential interactions. We likely have not yet identified all the factors that affect chemical thinning. Other participants will address many of the factors affecting thinning. In this paper I will discuss some other factors that are rarely considered, but may explain many of the conflicting reports in the scientific literature. Researchers record different types of data and perform different types of statistical analyses. I will show that this may, in part, be responsible for conflicting results or differing interpretations of results that are actually similar.


In this paper, we propose a simple approach to using longer Hello messages to enhance network performance as an alternative of using link quality based routing metrics in MANET. In this proposal, routing nodes use longer routing messages to filter out the information from neighboring nodes about low-quality links. For doing so, we modified the structure of routing messages of two well-known proactive routing protocols, named DSDV and OLSR, to enable routing nodes to transmit longer Hello messages. Our simulation results show that simple use of longer Hello message improves the packet delivery ratio, still with acceptable routing message overhead.


Abstract There is a growing interest in behavioural economics contradicting the empirical prediction of rational choice theory once applied to online auctions. The issue is of particular relevance due to the large use of online auctions and the anticipated growth in the future. Online auctions combine the conventional auction model with information technology. However, information asymmetry within such auctions causes risks and uncertainties that influence consumer purchase intentions. The research investigates online consumers' behaviour. The Authors suggest that due to the high perceived risk of the online buying process consumers are prompted to use cues of seller' reputation. In a series of six experiments conducted via the auction site Allegro.pl in Poland a number of signals from auction web pages has been manipulated to influence purchase intention. The results suggest that several signals can be used to stimulate online customers' behaviour. The results of these experiments indicate that buyers are more susceptible to the influence of "visual" signals than signals that require greater involvement of the buyer (to read information). The conducted experiments contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of online auction users' behaviour. And finally it provides some managerial implications to increase online auction effectiveness from the seller's perspective.


We present computational results and tables of the equation-of-state, thermodynamic properties, and shock Hugoniot for hot dense fluid deuterium. The present results are generated using a recently developed chemical model that takes into account different high density effects such as Coulomb interactions among charged particles, partial degeneracy, and intensive short range hard core repulsion. Internal partition functions are evaluated in a statistical-mechanically consistent way implementing recent developments in the literature. The shock Hugoniot curve derived from the present tables is overall in reasonable agreement with the Hugoniot derived from the Nova-laser shock wave experiments on liquid deuterium, showing that deuterium has a significantly higher compressibility than predicted by the SESAME tables or by Path Integral Monte Carlo calculations. Computational results are presented as surface plots for the dissociated fraction, degree of ionization, pressure, and specific internal energy for dens...


When PID control approach is applied to magnetic suspension system,the performance of the system is likely degraded and the instability of the system may occur if only increasing the proportion feedback to enhance the system stiffness.In order to solve the problem between the stiffness and the system performance,a nonlinear PID control method is introduced.The control item of linear PID control is the linear combination of position and velocity,while the control item of nonlinear PID control is the nonlinear combination of position and velocity.The advantages of nonlinear PID control over linear PID control are high stiffness and disturbance resisting ability.The experimental results show the superiority of nonlinear PID control method.


We report on the use of 30 and 100 GHz integrated millimeter-wave photoreceivers in high data rate photonic wireless communication. The role of the bandwidth of a narrow-band photoreceiver in increasing the data rate of wireless single carrier transmission is discussed. An 11-GHz bandwidth photoreceiver achieved a data rate of 44.6 Gb/s using an 8 GBd, 64-QAM (quadrature amplitude modulation) signal. A wider bandwidth (19 GHz) integrated photoreceiver was designed and fabricated for use in the 100-GHz range. High-frequency response photoreceivers have the following advantages: they operate in a wide bandwidth easily, use frequency resources efficiently, and are subject to low amounts of atmospheric attenuation. In addition to the single carrier wireless transmission study, a high data rate (12 Gb/s) multicarrier radio over fiber (16-QAM in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing) transmission experiment was demonstrated in order to confirm the ability to increase the data rate with a wide operational bandwidth.


The paper outlines the activities of a mathematician attached to an industrial research organization. This activity is mainly concerned with the development and implementation of a computer program for simulation and analysis of dynamic systems.


Ion-selective poly(vinyl chloride) membrane electrodes for the determination of the anticholinergic drug alverine in pure substances is described. Ion-pair complex of alverine with anionic counter ion acid red 97 is investigated as electroactive compound for the electrode membrane. On the optimal composition of membrane, its slope was 55.35mV/decade, relative standard deviation was 0.61 and lower limit of linear range was . The observed potentiometric selectivity coefficient was -2.625 toward methylephedrine and -2.216 toward histidine. We can got the stable potential at pH 7.0~4.0. Response time was 20~30 seconds for solutions, about 10 seconds for solutions of these compounds.


In this work there has been conducted theoretical analysis of the process of asymmetric rolling of plate in finishers of plate mills. On the basis of the carried out research the influence of asymmetry factor av, deformation ε and strip form h0/D on strip bend during the process of rolling has been determined. For this reason, the following resolutions have been pointed out: velocity of flow, pure shear and intensity of deformation in deformation zone.


From 20 to 23 January 2004 the JHPIEGO/Maternal and Neonatal Health (MNH) Program and the Asia/Near East (ANE) Bureau of the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) held a conference in Bangkok Thailand to review the evidence for approaches to preventing postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) and explore strategies for scaling up interventions in the field (see Appendix A for the conference agenda). One hundred twenty-six participants from Sweden the United States and the following 13 Asian countries attended the meeting: Afghanistan Bangladesh Cambodia Egypt India Indonesia Myanmar Nepal Pakistan Philippines Thailand Vietnam and Yemen. The overall goal of the conference was to move evidence-based interventions for preventing PPH into common practice. Although some proposed approaches involve the clinical management of childbirth others deal with community-based efforts to raise awareness and empower families and their communities to action when women experience complications. The objectives of the meeting were to: Review the evidence supporting strategies for prevention of PPH in settings where skilled birth attendants may or may not be available; Examine best practices for implementing large-scale programs for preventing and treating PPH; and Develop action plans to prevent and treat PPH using evidence-based approaches and best practices. (excerpt)


Objectives The DSM-5 classifies depressive and anxiety disorders according to clinical symptoms and assesses possible correlations with a medical condition, use of psychoactive or pharmacological drugs, or substance abuse. The objective of the present review is to overview the main depressive and anxiety disorders according to the classification of the DSM-5 and to present the primary pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments, with particular emphasis on the problem of compliance.


We discuss a procedure for fitting a set of dimension-6 effective field theory parameters using simplified template cross section measurements. The steps are to determine equations relating the parameters to the cross sections, choose the fit parameters and external constraints, and perform the fit. In this example the equations are calculated using the HEL model in the Madgraph generator, which is a partial implementation of the SILH basis at leading order in perturbation theory.


From the Division of Laboratory Systems,* Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; GeneDx, Inc., Gaithersburg, Maryland; the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Molecular Genetics, Quest Diagnostics, San Juan Capistrano, California; the Department of Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; LabCorp, Burlington, North Carolina; the Clinical Molecular Genetics Laboratory,** Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; the Divisions of Medical Genetics and Molecular Pathology, University of California, Los Angeles, California; the Department of Laboratory Genetics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; the Department of Pathology and Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; the Pathology Department and ARUP Laboratories, University of Utah, Salt Lake City; the DNA Diagnostic Laboratory, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan; the Department of Pathology,*** Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas; Quest Diagnostics, Nichols Institute, Chantilly, Virginia; the Pathology Department, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California; the Department of Clinical Pathology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York; the Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora; Molecular Genetics, Specialty Laboratories, Valencia, California; Coriell Institute for Medical Research,**** Camden, New Jersey; and the Departments of Pathology, Immunology and Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri


Understanding the role of geomorphology is essential to accurately assess hydrogeological systems and groundwater resources. Hard-rock watersheds provide a source of valuable water resources. They commonly exhibit complex geological bedrock and morphological features as well as distinctive gradients in rainfall and temperature. A comprehensive evaluation and integrated groundwater resources study has been carried out for Caldas da Cavaca hydromineral system in NW Portugal, using hydrogeomorphology and GIS mapping techniques. Thematic maps were prepared from satellite imagery, topographical and geological mapping and other hydrogeological field data. These maps were converted to GIS format and then integrated using GIS software with the purpose of elaborating a hydrogeomorphological map intended to delineate the infiltration potential areas for the study region. Finally, this study highlights the importance of hydrogeomorphological cartography and groundwater GIS mapping as useful tools to support hydrogeological surveys, as well as for decision-making in the scope of management plans respecting to land and water resources and groundwater sustainability. 228 Global Groundwater Resources and Management / Ed. B.S. Paliwal


Preliminary results are reported from efforts to design and develop a robotic system that will accept and execute commands from either a six-axis teleoperator device or an autonomous planner or combine the two. Such a system should have both traded and shared control capability. A sharing strategy is presented whereby the overall system, while retaining positive features of teleoperated and autonomous operation, loses its individual negative features. A two-tired shared control architecture is considered here, consisting of a task level and a servo level. Also presented is a computer architecture for the implementation of this system, including a description of the hardware and software.<<ETX>>