To determine whether the production of brain ischemia is modified by antiplatelet agents administered at the time of extracranial endothelial injury, we modified a four-vessel occlusion rat model so that an electrogenic platelet thrombus in one carotid artery produced cerebral ischemia. DC current was passed through an anode around the left carotid artery of 11 rats with preoccluded vertebral and contralateral carotid arteries. Five of six untreated rats became unresponsive because of carotid occlusion and resultant cerebral ischemia; none of five animals pretreated with indomethacin and infused with prostacyclin (PGI2) were clinically affected. Light-and electronmicroscopic studies showed arterial platelet-fibrin thrombi and ischemic brain damage in untreated rats. All rats had received radiolabeled platelets; radioactivity was increased in the electrogenically injured left carotid arteries from treated and untreated rats, but counts were reduced by more than 80% in indomethacin/ PGL2-treated rats (p < 0.01).


The objective of scalable video coding is to enable the generation of a unique bitstream that can adapt to various bitrates, transmission channels and display capabilities. The scalability is categorised in terms of temporal, spatial, and quality. To improve encoding efficiency, the SVC scheme incorporates inter-layer prediction mechanisms which increases complexity of overall encoding. In this paper several conditional probabilities are established relating motion estimation characteristics and the mode distribution at different layers of the H.264/SVC. An evaluation of these probabilities is used to structure a low-complexity prediction algorithm for Group of Pictures (GOP) in H.264/SVC, reducing computational complexity whilst maintaining similar performance. When compared to the JSVM software, this algorithm achieves a significant reduction of encoding time, with a negligible average PSNR loss and bit-rate increase in temporal, spatial and SNR scalability. Experiments are conducted to provide a comparison between our method and a recently developed fast mode selection algorithm. These demonstrate our method achieves appreciable time savings for scalable spatial and scalable quality video coding, while maintaining similar PSNR and bit rate.


Geiger-M\"uller tube experiments have been performed to determine the nature of the cosmic rays present at depths of 30 and 300 meters water equivalent from the top of the atmosphere. At both of these depths, the observable cosmic rays are penetrating ionizing rays accompanied by soft showers. The ratio of the soft showers to the penetrating rays increases with depth.


In the present work 66
 ejaculates and punctures of the spermatic cord were taken from 14
 representative primate species and were examined comparative. These species
 covered the main taxa (lemurs, new world monkeys, old world monkey, apes) as
 well as the main mating systems (monogamy, polygyny, polyandry, multimale-
 multifemale) of the primates. Per species an individual's number from two to
 six could be considered. The animals were held in different zoological
 gardens and scientific institutions in Central Europe. The sperm collection took
 place with the help of electro ejaculation (n= 41), penile vibro stimulation
 (n= 6), masturbation (n= 7) and puncture of the spermatic cord (n= 12). The so won sperm samples
 were examined macroscopic for physical parameters and the morphology by means
 of analysable smears. Analysis of sperm motility and morphometrics took place
 with the help of a computer assisted sperm analysis system, the Hobson Sperm
 Tracker (HST). The examinations proved
 that many of the very contradictory knowledge existing up to now were durable
 to the separate parameters in its such extensive view only partially. Enormous
 interspecies differences appeared with the morphologic abnormalities, as well
 as motility and morphometrics. Also the technical limitations of the HST
 could be shown.
 In regard to the linkage
 separate sperm parameters with the mating system a clear connection can be
 stated between morphologic sperm head defects and mating system. Also a clear
 tendency of polyandrous species to altogether longer sperm and no matter
 higher real sperm velocity could be stated. In addition, were to be seen
 morphometric parameters independent on mating system. A special role took over
 the owl monkey (Aotus), even with a small number of samples, which offered by
 far the most inferior ejaculate quality in practically all parameters.


For further study on the function of Slug gene,we constructed a lentiviral expression vector of Slug RNA interference(RNAi) of human.Towards the Slug gene sequences,RNAi target sequences were designed,then the target sequences of Oligo DNA were synthesized and annealed to double stranded DNA,which was subsequently connected with Age I/EcoR I-digested pGCSIL-GFP vector to constructed lentiviral vector pGCSIL-GFP-shSlug.The vector was transformed into competent E.coli cells,and the candidate clones were identified by PCR and sequencing.Western blotting was used to detect the expression of Slug protein in the transfected cells,and Real-time PCR was employed to detect Slug mRNA expression.Western blotting proved the presence of Slug expression in the transfected HCT116 cells.We conclude that the lentiviral vector for Slug has been successfully constructed with a high yield of lentivirus,which facilitate further investigation of the roles of Slug gene in the development and progression of colorectal cancer.


construct like society or the economy. This has raised, and will raise concerns at a national level, for states that do not yet regard tax crimes as predicate offences (i.e. offences which give rise to ML). 1.4 The significance of the introduction of tax crimes in the FATF Recommendations The FATF Recommendations were revised in February 2012 in order to "strengthen global safeguards and further protect the integrity of the financial system by providing governments with stronger tools to take action against serious crime". Tax crimes have been included as predicate offences for ML, with the aim of contributing to better coordination between law enforcement, border and tax authorities, and removing potential obstacles to international cooperation regarding tax crimes. The idea behind making tax crimes predicate offences of ML is that this should result in a higher deterrent effect on would-be tax evaders, since it brings fiscal crimes into the money laundering fold. High-level tax evasion is often committed through the help of professionals, such as lawyers, accounting firms, tax advisors, financial service providers; the fact that these actors may face charges of ML, can be a high deterrent. Financial institutions and nonfinancial designated businesses and professions have, in fact, an obligation to detect suspected tax-dodgers among their clients, and report suspicious transactions. But above all, the change in the FATF Recommendations will also involve the removal of some of the obstacles to co-operation between tax authorities among different countries. 2 Hypothesis and scope This paper aims at analysing the suitability of the AML regime, for the purpose of tackling tax evasion. The international soft law AML standards are set by the FATF. The latter expects states to implement these standards at a national level, and has created so-called 24 Goredema (2006: 123). 25 FATF (2012c: 1). 26 FATF (2012c: 2).


The low serum concentration of Mannose-Binding Lectin (MBL) is associated to the presence of variant alleles Mbl-*B, Mbl-*C and Mbl-*D, and it results in an increased susceptibility to recurrent infections. The present study investigated the association between the Mbl gene polymorphism and the susceptibility to HIV-1 infection. A fragment of 349 bp from the exon 1 of the Mbl gene was amplified by PCR and then submitted to RFLP analysis using the endonucleases BanI and MboII, aiming the identification of the variant alleles. The study of 145 seropositive patients and 99 healthy controls showed the presence of alleles Mbl-*A, Mbl-*B and Mbl-*D, with frequencies of 69%, 22% and 9% among patients and 70.2%, 13.6% and 16.2% among healthy controls, respectively. The analysis of the genotype frequencies showed a high prevalence of the genotypes carriers of variant Mbl-*B among patients seropositive as compared to the healthy controls. Furthermore, the genotype B/B was six times more frequent among patients than the observed to the healthy controls (χ=4.042; p=0.044). The mean viral load was lower in HIV-1 seropositive patient carrying the Mbl-*A allele than those carrying the variant Mbl-*B allele (5,821 copies/mL vs. 52,253 copies/mL; p= 0.05). Furthermore, patients carrying the allele Mbl-*A showed a significant reduction of the viral load (p<0.001), that was not observed among those carrying the variant Mbl-*B (p=0.999). The results suggest the importance of the Mbl gene polymorphism on the clinical evolution of the patients infected by HIV-1 and that the identification of the Mbl genetic profile, among HIV-1 infected patients, may be an important tool to monitor the evolution and the prognosis of diseases.


PURPOSE: To hold an ultrasonic transducer at a prescribed position by fixing a rigid holding member on a flexible disk having a central opening, and fixing the ultrasonic transducer on this holding member so as to be adjusted. CONSTITUTION: A disk 10 made of comparatively flexible materials has a central ultrasonic transducer holding member 12 made of comparatively rigid materials. The holding member 12 has a wall 16 and a circular opening 14 for holding the ultrasonic transducer. Clamping members 22 and 24 are provided around the opening 14 and clamp the ultrasonic transducer at the prescribed position. A cable clamping means 32 is provided for clamping the cable of the ultrasonic transducer. COPYRIGHT: (C)1990,JPO


Raw data from an SAAF inclinometer were processed using proprietary software. Results differed significantly from values derived using the previous software version. Direct connection between creep velocity and air and soil temperature can no longer be proposed for this specific rock glacier.


book – World Equine Airways Symposium 2009 (WEAS 09) 139 Universitätssymposien this session is sponsored by Intervet/Schering Plough Animal Health & Pfizer Animal Health) Day 2 Clinical applications/Infections and Pneumonia Reprinted in IVIS with the permission of the Organizers Close window to return to IVIS


Geminal dicationic ionic liquids with different alkyl spacer lengths regularly tune four MOF structures of two structure types in the Ni(Ac)2-1,4-H2NDC system, which in turn bring about the magnetic properties divided into antiferromagnetic and ferromagnetic couplings consistent with the structures.


The reaction of deoxyvasicinone 1 with benzoic anhydride, bis(dimethylamino)methane and amyl nitrite are reported. Metallation of 1 is also described.


This study examined the extent of gang, weapons, and drug-selling activities among representative samples of high-school students in Toronto (Canada) and Philadelphia (Pennsylvania). The study found that students in both cities reported similar experiences regarding the frequency of weapon involvement and related violence. General similarities were found between the two samples regarding weapon-carrying behavior and experience with weapon-related violence. There were two significant shared predictors of violence: gang fighting and having friends who carry weapons. Similarities in the models for being on the giving or receiving ends of violence indicate some overlap in risk, rather than completely discrete groups of victims and predators. The strength of these two variables as separate contributors also suggests that weapons involvement in peer groups is not necessarily a mark of gang membership, but might be viewed as a unique indicator of propensity for violence. Gang fighting clearly emerged as a potent force for involvement both in victimization and predation with weapons. Although these youth were all enrolled in school, some were apparently involved in serious violence. Being Black in both cities as a marker of youth gang violence and links with other background factors - such as poverty, family instability, and poor school performance - warrants further examination. Drug selling did not emerge as a significant predictor of violence in either city, having only a minor role for explaining victimization in Toronto. Founding teams at the University of Delaware and the University of Toronto developed the common questionnaire and used consistent methods in surveying high school students. The student samples consisted of 9th to 12th graders in eight (Toronto) and seven (Philadelphia) schools. At the school level, 1 class was selected from each grade resulting in 4 representative classes per school (967 students in Toronto and 712 in Philadelphia). [NCJRS Abstract]


The invention discloses an asphalt recycling agent for hot recycling of asphalt on an asphalt road surface. The recycling agent comprises the following components by weight: 19-70% of an aromatic oil, 20-60% of heavy oil, 5-30% of liquid petroleum resin and 0.2-1% of a stabilizer. The invention also provides a preparation process of the asphalt recycling agent and a method for preparing recycled asphalt by use of the asphalt recycling agent. The recycling agent disclosed by the invention is good in recycling effect, easy for raw materials purchase, stable in quality, low in equipment investment, simple in processing steps, short in processing time of finished products, good in storage stability, stable in physicochemical property, and convenient for on-site operation, and is suitable for on-site hot recycling construction as a special recycling agent.


The effects of both plasma conditions and substrate temperatures on the properties of a-Si1-xCx:H obtained by a glow-discharge plasma with SiH4-C2H4-H2 were investigated using deposition rates of Si and C atoms and in-situ optical-emission spectroscopy. The deposition rates of Si and C atoms were calculated from the deposition rates of a-Si1-xCx:H (x=0.5-0.99) films with the measured values of the densities of the films. The deposition rate of C atoms is proportional to the emission intensity of CH* from a plasma; this shows that CH* is a good indicator of the decomposition of C2H4. The decomposition of C2H4 is reduced in a C2H4-rich gas composition, which causes a decrease in the deposition rate of C atoms and an increase in the average number of H atoms attached to C atoms in the film. The increase of H atoms in the film provides a low density and a large optical energy gap.


The classic approach to evaluate the probability that an operational system is capable to operate satisfactorily and successfully perform the formulated tasks is based on availability that is coefficient which is determined based on the history of down-time and up-time occurring, while the risk-degree of down-time occurring strongly depends on the actual operational state of a system. The intelligence computational methods enable to create the diagnosis tools that allow to formulate the prognosis of operating time of a system and predict of failure occurring based on the past and actual information about system's operational state, especially genetic fuzzy systems (GFSs) that combine fuzzy approximate reasoning and capability to learn and adaptation. The paper presents the fuzzy rule-based inference system used to predict the operating time of exploitation system according to the specified operational conditions. The proposed algorithm was used to design the fuzzy model applied to estimate the operating time of a system between the actual time and predicted time of the next failure occurring under the stated operational parameters. The fuzzy system allows to prognoses the time of the predicted failure based on the operational parameters which are used to evaluate the actual operational state of the system. The attention in the paper is focused on the evolutionary computational techniques applied to design the fuzzy inference system. The paper proposes the genetic algorithm based on the Pittsburgh method and real-valued chromosomes used to optimize the knowledge base and parameters of antecedents and conclusions of the Takagi-Sugeno-Kang (TSK) fuzzy implications. The paper is the contribution to the GFSs, which aim is to find an appropriate balance between accuracy and interpretability, and also contribution to the research field on the diagnosis methods based on soft computing techniques. The evolutionary algorithm was tested for designing the fuzzy operating time predictor of material handling device.


Abstract The unprecedented events of the terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001 changed the world in which we live, work and travel. They also revealed the need for enhanced preparedness at all levels of government with respect to response readiness and operational practices of emergency response agencies. This paper will present an overview of how the managerial lessons learned from September 11, 2001 have influenced the preparedness and response of emergency response agencies with respect to major emergency incidents, including acts of terrorism. Introduction The date September 11, 2001 has gone down in history as a monumental day in world events. Several questions can be posed to put that day in content. What does that date mean to you? Where were you that morning? How has that day changed our lives? Reflection on these questions will no doubt lead to the conclusion that September 11, 2001 was a day of paradigm shift on which we lost our innocence and perhaps for the first time recognized the threats and consequent vulnerabilities of the contemporary world. Traditional Strategy for Emergency Preparedness For many years prior to the tragic events of September 11, 2001 governmental entities and emergency response agencies have engaged in preparedness initiatives for response to emergency situations. The traditional strategy for emergency preparedness was to prepare for the worst; while recognizing that it was highly unlikely that the worst would ever occur. Unfortunately, the worst did occur on September 11, 2001. It occurred in New York City, in Arlington, Virginia and in Shanksville, Pennsylvania. The terrorist attacks at The World Trade Center, The Pentagon, and in a rural field in Western Pennsylvania clearly and convincingly highlighted the potential vulnerabilities of all communities to acts of domestic or international terrorism. Terrorist attacks were no longer viewed as events that happen in other places, such as foreign countries or large cities. The terrorist threat was now real to all citizens of the world. The events of September 11, 2001 were, however, not the first instances of domestic terrorism in the United States. The first bombing of The World Trade Center in 1993, resulting in six fatalities, served as a "wake-up call" to the reality of domestic terrorism. The 1996 bombing of the Alfred P. Murra h Federal Building in Oklahoma City, with 168 fatalities, provided a "realistic preview" of the ever-present threat of terrorism. While these terrorist attacks received fairly extensive media coverage, there were a number of other lesser- publicized events involving acts of domestic terrorism. Terrorism Preparedness Prior to September 11, 2001 Emergency preparedness strategies that were developed and implemented prior to September 11, 2001 were based on the lessons that had been learned from prior attacks. After the first World Trade Center and Oklahoma City bombings, the federal government instituted a number of initiatives intended to identify preparedness issues and appropriate corresponding prevention, preparedness, response, and recovery strategies. The Department of Justice (DOJ) served as a lead agency working with other appropriate federal agencies, including the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) and Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI). Incorporated in these initiatives was the awarding, by the Department of Justice, of vulnerabilitybased terrorism equipment grants to major cities and metropolitan areas. A number of federal training initiatives were implemented through the auspices of three primary federal governmental agencies: the Federal Emergency Management Agency and the United States Fire Administration (USFA) within FEMA; the Department of Justice; and the Department of Defense (DOD). An integral component underlying all of these preparedness activities was the establishment of regional terrorism task forces throughout the nation. …


The Qinhuangdo stadium is discussed to arrive at a better understanding of the characteristics of wind load and static wind effect on a membrane structure canopy roof. Detailed analysis indicated that the membrane canopy at the leading edge is very sensitive to wind loading and stiffness of the membrane increases with increased bowing height/span ratio when the arch span and initial pre-stress are kept constant.


Working in hospitals involves collective work that requires collaboration and coordination. Characterizing the way in which individual activities contribute to the construction of a collective activity is important for better understanding teamwork. A phenomenological research approach was applied in order to analyze the situated activity of nurses and physicians during patient record-based ward rounds, using the theoretical and methodological "course of action" framework. Our findings revealed ward rounds comprising not only an information exchange but a privileged space and moment of construction of knowledge and coordination. Two processes were derived from the actors' commitments and concerns, and from their articulation: "seeking to contribute to a shared interpretation of the situation" and "seeking to develop a precise working knowledge of the situation." These processes contribute to characterizing the coordination between the professionals involved in hospital care. Future educational activities for health care professionals should consider the importance of the perception of and meanings for the involved professionals and consider training actions to foster reflection on and during action.


Although there is a general consensus on the fact that pulsars' radio emission is coherent in nature, whereas the emission from the optical to high-energy γ-rays is due to incoherent processes, it has not been established yet at which wavelengths the transition occurs, which is key information for all emission models of pulsar magnetospheres. Of course, to address this issue, covering the spectral region between the GHz radio frequencies and the mid-infrared (IR) is crucial. We used the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) to observe the Vela pulsar (PSR B0833−45), one of the very few observed in radio and from the mid-IR up to the very high-energy γ-rays. We detected Vela at frequencies of 97.5, 145, 233, and 343.5 GHz, which makes it the first pulsar ever detected with ALMA. Its energy density spectrum follows a power law of spectral index α = −0.93 ± 0.16. This corresponds to very high brightness temperatures—from 1017 to 1015 K—suggesting that a coherent radiative process still contributes to the millimeter/submillimeter emission. Therefore, this is the first indication of coherent emission in pulsars extending to the submillmeter range. At the same time, we identified an extended structure, preliminarily detected in ground-based near-IR observations, at a distance of ∼1.″4 from the pulsar, possibly interpreted as a counter-jet protruding from the pulsar.


Photograph of a boat on Trinity River flood waters. Handwritten note on back: "May 1908 flood waters ship crossing between Dallas and Oak Cliff."


the assistance that IBM can provide. Thirdly, he has (hopefully) closed down the academic debate about the causes of the especially vicious decline of agricultural output in Bengal, as revealed by Blyn. It is worth noting, however, that Islam compares the trend rate of +0.3 per cent of his revised series with the —0.2 per cent which Blyn found for Greater Bengal and suggests that the difference is caused by the isolation of Bengal proper from Bihar and Orissa. But surely the proper comparison is between Blyn's figure of — o. 2 per cent for Greater Bengal, and the +0.9 per cent of the official data on Bengal proper, before Islam's revision exercises. This comparison suggests a quite catastrophic rate of decline in Bihar and Orissa, or, alternatively, a massive statistical freak. The game goes on.


In certain circumstances, the evolution of architecture is highly connected with construction technique development, which in turn may be generated by external cultures. This paper gives insight to such developments by discussing how brick was established as a new imported building material into Taiwan in the 17th century under Dutch influence. Taiwan's architectural process started essentially by the Dutch from 1624, who built the first major permanent structures, three fortresses with associated burghs. Research into archives shows that the Dutch East India Company (VOC) brought for this purpose a new building material, brick, first by importing finished products from Southern China, then gradually moving to local production in Taiwan, which spread to several places within the island, even exporting to their strongholds in Japan. However, after the VOC left in 1662, the brick making industry supported by VOC seems to disappear in Taiwan as also the brick architecture. Studies in this field have concentrated on the historic aspects of the presence of the VOC presence rather than their architecture. This study attempts for the first time a comprehensive dating of the key stages based on archive research. In addition, analysis of the masonry techniques of the scant remains frames the technology transfer process within the context of Dutch construction of the time.


This article deals with the relationship of the occupation administration of the Third Reich introduced in Upper Silesia in September 1939 to the issue of income tax for 1939. The article discusses the analysis of Polish legislation and case law in the field of tax law, the proposed regulation and its motives, and the final solution. Considerations concerning the Polish income tax were preceded by the presentation of analogous German measures taken in connection with the accession of Austria and Sudetenland.


Background: Behçet's disease (BD) is a chronic multisystemic vasculitic disease of unknown pathogenesis. Diagnosis and disease activity measurement has always been a challenge. Soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) is showing an increased utility as a promising diagnostic and prognostic inflammatory biomarker in different systemic inflammatory disorders. Objectives: To study the clinical value of plasma Soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) in patients with Behçet's disease, and if it can be used as a measure to disease activity. Methods: According to the International Criteria for Behcet's Disease (ICBD), fifty adult Behçet's disease patients were enrolled in the study, and forty healthy adult subjects were included in a case-control study. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to obtain quantitative data. Results: The suPAR level was not statistically different between the patients with BD patients and the controls. No correlation was found between suPAR levels and disease activity (BDFAC). Conclusion: Very few studies analyzed the clinical value of suPAR level in patients with BD and its correlation with disease activity. Our results show that suPAR does not seem to play a role in the disease mechanism of BD.


The Indonesian English curricula has experienced many changes. The historical sketch of how English has been confirmed as a foreign language since 1914 has produced different kinds of focus for the English subject in the Indonesian curriculum from the 1968 to the 1975 then 1984, 1994, 2004 and 2013. The latest curriculum devised in 2013 has encouraged teachers to become creative in innovating English language teaching materials that encourages students to learn English in an enjoyable way. With a fun setting, more students of English as a foreign language would have the ability to succeed in the primary to secondary school exams that makes the English subject as the most important to pass along with the Indonesian language and ability to do mathematics well. Through an initial tryout of a smartphone based TOEFL-like game application, this paper shares the result that student testers see the game as relevant in helping promote local Indonesian culture to the global world, in addition to ensuring students enough exercises to increase their abilities to do exercises that are usually found in an integrated-based TOEFL exercise, which consists of a Listening, Reading, Writing and Speaking section.

Keywords: Local and global culture, TOEFL-like game, smartphone, English language classroom


Recent progress in the development of planar reflective gratings has resulted in the demonstration of multiplexers, comb filters, interleavers, power monitors, and receivers for long-haul and metro-area networks. Until recently, all of these devices were based on a single-grating architecture. We have now successfully designed, fabricated, and tested optical chips that are composed of cascaded planar reflective gratings. The chips have been realized in both additive and subtractive dispersion configurations. The versatility of cascaded gratings was utilized to produce a variety of optical responses, including single-mode transmission of wide bands (> 100 nm) with simultaneous demultiplexing of narrow optical channels with Gaussian and box-like responses. We have further demonstrated that cascaded gratings can be used to suppress optical noise and improve isolation. The devices were fabricated using a standard silica-on-silicon process with a refractive index contrast of 0.82% and have a remarkably small footprint of less than 0.3 sq. cm. We discuss the potential for tailoring of cascaded planar reflective gratings for applications in biophotonics, spectroscopy, and telecommunications.


In organizational behavior literature the fit between employees and the organizational values is called the person organization fit Research in organizational behavior field about person organization fit showed that a high level of fit creates benefit for both employees and organizations In this context the aim of this study is to explore the impacts of the person organization fit on organizational commitment and job performance of employees who are working in an industrial factory which is producing consumer food So the survey applied on 78 employees in factory Our findings support literature Keywords: Personal and Organizational Values Congruence Organizational Commitment Job Performance Industrial Organization Emprical Study


approved: Leo W. Parks The regulation of ergosterol biosynthesis in yeast has been studied. The system has been examined for the presence of an end product inhibition. Both anaerobically and aerobically grown cells have been examined for this effect. A feedback inhibition of sterol synthesis has been shown, but it appears to be a secondary effect. The regulation is intimately involved with the carbohydrate metabolism of the aerobic cell. Other involvements may exist in anaerobic cells. A type of catabolite repression of ergosterol biosynthesis has been hypothesized. An inhibitor of sterol synthesis which is cationic in nature has been found in yeast extract. The inhibitory effect is directed specifically at transmethylation, and may cause the accumulation of precursors to transmethylation in ergosterol synthesis. A procedure has been developed for extracting sterols from cell -free extracts of yeast. The method gives larger and more consistent yields of sterol than the conventional methods of extraction.


The IMS Content Packaging Specification is a format that facilitates the deployment of discrete units of learning resources based on an XML structure called a manifest. The contents and structure of a content package are determined at design time when it is created. Since the package has been authored for use in a particular instructional setting, re-purposing the content package to meet the demands of a different instructional setting is difficult. Although there have been attempts to improve the flexibility of the package such as using IMS Simple Sequencing, the adaptation provided is still inadequate. In this paper we argue that Web Services can be used to facilitate the dynamic adaptation of a content package so that it can be reused in diverse instructional scenarios and accessed by additional learners who otherwise would not be able to utilize it. We present a framework for adaptation based on web services and identify a representative set of web services that could be used for content package adaptation. We then discuss in detail the Media Integration and Translation Services for Accessibility (MITSA), a category of web services designed to promote media accessibility of a content package. Finally, we conclude by highlighting the benefits of the web services approach for content package adaptation.


T problem of developing an effective legume inoculant for guar, Cyamopsis tetragonoloba, led first to a strain variation study of legume bacteria on this legume. Fifteen strains of legume bacteria isolated from closely related (botanically) species of legumes were tested on guar grown in sterilized sand cultures in a greenhouse experiment. Marked variations in the abilities of these legume bacteria to benefit guar plants became apparent soon after the nitrogen-hunger period. Two strains in particular, one isolated from Crotalaria sagittalis and the other from Erythrina indica, brought about a continuous increased plant growth with a darker green color that was reflected in greater nitrogen fixation as determined by total nitrogen determinations. Several strains produced satisfactory or fair to good growth, but the majority were totally ineffective on this legume. The data presented show the necessity of making a proper selection of-strains in order to insure maximum nitrogen fixation from inoculants prepared for special legumes or those to be introduced to new areas.


mente a una conclusi6n." There is no single word in Spanish which will serve the purpose. It is no wonder that the Americans were quite annoyed when they found out that the Panamanians expected negotiations. And the Panamanians must have felt that they had one more example of Yankee duplicity when it became clear that the Americans, as they stated, had not committed themselves to anything beyond exploratory talks.


A domain management method and an apparatus thereof are provided to efficiently and safely manage home network domains with users in the center by enabling a domain manager in a home to provide information about the domains established in the home, information necessary for the utilization of contents of each domain, and information associated with domain security to other home devices. A system including a domain management apparatus comprises home devices(10-18), a domain manager(20), and a CP(Contents Provider)/RI(Rights Issuer)(30). The domain manager(20), located in a home, manages domains(40,42). The domain manager(20) accesses the CP/RI(30) through the Internet on behalf of the other home devices(10-18) and obtains authentication for rights to utilize contents, without the necessity of providing information about the home devices(10-18) to the CP/RI(30). Also, the domain manager(20) has a function capable of registering at a domain and utilizing contents in the domain. The first domain(40) and the second domain(42) are formed for the first user(30) and the second user(32), respectively. In the first domain(40), home devices(10-14) exist. The second domain(42) contains home devices(16,18).


This survey study examines whether tourism businesses that have developed systematic processes and procedures for new product development (i.e., firms that have new product development [NPD] proficiencies) perform better than those that do not. The study outlines the concept of NPD proficiency, which is conceptualized as a second-order reflective construct, whose first-order facets include opportunity analysis, technical development, product testing, and product commercialization. A model is developed in which product advantage is hypothesized to be a key mediating variable between NPD proficiency and three important indicators of tourism business performance—price premium, capacity utilization, and profitability. The model is tested using data collected from the Norwegian hotel industry. The findings provide support for the view that NPD proficiency influences positively product advantage, which, in turn, both directly and indirectly influences tourism business performance.


Abstract : Recent technological developments and initiatives from senior Air Force officials indicate the Tactical Air Forces will be striving for a more credible night fighting force in the near future. The focus of the study involves organizational and training requirements needed for a more credible night fighting force. The study evaluates night fighter squadrons as one possibility. The study concludes that, with proper emphasis and guidance, a credible night fighting force is possible.


The problems of relations between church and state are covered. The opinions of historians, religious studies scholars, public figures are given. The attention to the XX century significant events which had essential influence on the religions' position in Central and Eastern Europe countries is paid: the creation of the European Union, the fall of the Berlin wall, the dissolution of the USSR. The general peculiarities of the relations between state and church during this period for the countries of this region (The Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary and others) are analyzed. The main tendencies of such relations development are characterized: establishment of the state church model and separation of church from the state. The attention is paid to the fact that there is no full agreement in understanding the term "separation of church from the state" among experts. It is emphasized that such law, public and cultural situation in which the state has nothing in common with church does not take place in any Western Europe country. The separation means that the state does not identify itself with one of religions or churches and both institutes respect an autonomy of each other in spheres belonging to them. The relevance of the research of the questions connected with law regulation for the religious organizations activity in Central and Eastern Europe countries is grounded for optimization of the relations between state and confessions in Ukraine.


:  The purpose of this article is to provide background overview and contemporary context for the theme of this issue of Dialog, the role of science within theology. Over the last fifty years, this role has primarily involved dialogue and the drive to mutual understanding. That discussion has now reached a new stage seeking to move beyond dialogue toward what some are referring to as hypothetical consonance. One of the most serious constructive proposals moving beyond dialogue is Creative Mutual Interaction (CMI), proposed by Robert John Russell. The first five ways he discusses in CMI specifically address the role of science in theological reflection. It is argued that these five ways will assist the reader in contextualing the discussion found in the articles in this issue. Elaboration of each way is given, concluding with a constructive theological example of the heuristic use of scientific concepts found in quantum field theory.


A microcontroller having a special function register to internally select between internal memory and external memory on the fly. Two data pointers in conjunction with the special function register result in four effective quick reference locations. The internal memory consists of one memory module having its array subdivided into a data memory store and a code memory store, and having a bank of pass devices to selectively isolate the code memory store from the data memory store. The present memory can further support concurrent writing to the data memory store while reading from the code memory store. This is done through one of two memory embodiments. In a first memory embodiment two y-decoders are used; a first y-decoder adjacent the code memory store and a second y-decoder adjacent the data memory store. When a simultaneous read/write instruction is started, the outputs from the second y-decoder and an x-decoder are latched. The latches maintain active the selected memory location within the data memory store while the bank of pass devices isolate it from the code memory stored. In a second embodiment, the second y-decoder is replaced with a high voltage page. The high voltage page supplies program and erase voltages directly to the data memory store and indirectly through the bank of pass devices to the code memory store.


We study by numerical simulation the progressive densification of assemblies of equal regular polygons (pentagons and heptagons). We follow the evolution of the packing fraction, of the coordination numbers and of the void space structure during the densification. At high packing fraction (C ∼ 0.83), ordered zones appear. This can be compared with what occurs in equal disc assemblies in which a Random Close Packing limit exists for a packing fraction C ∼ 0.83 above which some local order is present.


This chapter studies the determination and the distribution of possessive constructions from Old to Modern Hungarian. The grammaticalization of the definite article in well-defined contexts had structural consequences, the most salient of which is the emergence of a new strategy for demonstrative modification, which is called determiner doubling throughout the paper. Word order variation arises due to the determiners' interference with the possessor expressions at the left periphery of the noun phrase. The newly added demonstratives first adjoined to the noun phrase in a somewhat looser fashion: their combination with the dative-marked possessors resulted in a word order specific only to the Middle Hungarian period (Demonstrative-Possessor). At a later stage, demonstratives got incorporated into the specifier of the DP, giving rise to the fixed word order Possessor-Demonstrative, with the Possessor undergoing noun phrase internal topicalization, thus landing in a phrase-initial specifier position.


Background: Shade selection is an essential system to give patients an aesthetics renovation that correspondently merges to the patient's current dentition. Moreover, natural teeth are acknowledged to have various shades in their surfaces.
 Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate the awareness of knowledge, attitude and practice about the complications in shade selection and to utilize for improving the quality of training being imparted in the dental school and general practitioners.
 Methods and Material: Participants were divided into six Groups: operative dentist and endodontist, 3rd Year students, 4th Year students, 5th Year students, Intern and VI-General practitioners; 20 Questionnaire survey forms were distributed to fill among all the groups.
 Results: The results that the highest proportion was 41% for skill factor, knowledge was the second with 26%. Whilst, individual observer was 13.5% and 12.6% for the factor talent. 4.5% for (All) the factors. The lowest proportion was for more than two answers.
 Conclusion and Recommendation: The need of flourishing of cosmetic dentistry required to keep with up-to- date information considering all conceivable factors which influence shade selection.


On Dec. 3, 1910, Mrs. E., aged 28, drank a solution containing six 7½-grain tablets of mercuric chlorid. She vomited freely within five minutes; her stomach was washed at the end of thirty minutes, and in the interim she drank the whites of half a dozen eggs and two glasses of sweet oil. At the end of an hour she became unconscious and was removed to the hospital. Urine, drawn by catheter for the first time at the end of sixty-two hours, was bloody, four ounces in all. Patient was unable to take nourishment except by rectum, as everything taken by mouth was immediately expelled by vomiting. A diffuse papular rash appeared over the entire surface of the body at the end of twenty-four hours; the left heart was dilated and sounds were weak; pulse, 120, weak, thready and of low tension; liver enlarged to about three fingers' breadth beneath


The present work was developed in the West of Buenos Aires Province (Argentina) with the objective of adjusting functions of biomass of individual trees, in their different compartments and in the understorey. Stands of Eucalyptus viminalis Labill. were identified, with ages between 4 and 14 years-old. Twenty-one individuals were felled with diameters ranging from 9,2 to 32,5 cm. Simple and multiple regression models were developed and volume, branch leaf and stem biomass were estimated. The best volume equations were based on lineal models and the most adequate behavior was obtained with d 2 . To estimate leaf, branch and stem, ln-ln models have been suggested, with diameter and h or only diameter. The leaf biomass presented the weakest adjustment. The distribution of trees biomass agrees with the bibliography. The proportion of crown biomass decreases with age; on the other hand, the proportion of stem biomass increases with age.


The carrier mobility of pyrolyzed polyimide films was estimated by the time-of-flight technique. The carrier mobility could be estimated for the polyimides pyrolyzed between 480 and 530°C, which possessed conductivities between 10-12 and 10-8 S cm-1 and mobilities ranging from 10-7 to 10-3 cm2V-1s-1. The number of carriers connected with charge transport remained unchanged even when the pyrolysis temperature was varied from 490 to 530°C, as the conductivity was proportional to the mobility. In polymides pyrolyzed at lower temperatures, below 490°C, a deviation from the close relation between the mobility and the conductivity was observed. These results suggest that the carrier density increases at the initial stage of the pyrolysis, and then the increase of the mobility becomes predominant as the pyrolysis progresses.


The heavy metal contamination status and countermeasures of farmland and crops in China were summarized,including engineering management,physical remediation,chemical remediation,bioremediation and breeding of pollution countermeasures.


A majority of the world's nations grant authors statutory reversion rights: entitlements to reclaim their copyrights in certain circumstances, such as their works becoming unavailable
for purchase. In Australia (as in the United Kingdom) we have no such universal protections, leaving creator rights to be governed entirely by their contracts with investors. But is this enough? We investigate that question in the book industry context via an exploratory study of publishing contracts sourced from the archive of the Australian Society of Authors. We identify serious deficiencies in the agreements generally as well as the specific provisions for returning rights to authors. Many contracts were inconsistent or otherwise poorly drafed, key terms were commonly missing altogether, and we demonstrate that critical terms evolved very slowly in response to changed industry realities. In response to this new evidence we propose that consideration be given to introducing baseline minimum protections with the aim of improving author incomes, investment opportunities for publishers and access for the public.

*Note: This paper is available as an Advance copy on the Melbourne University Law Review website: https://law.unimelb.edu.au/mulr/issues/forthcoming-issue*


A chiral, ammonium ylide based access to tetrasubstituted 2,3-dihydrofurans starting from readily available benzylidene dicarbonyls and bromo acetophenones has been developed. The products are obtained in moderate to good yields with excellent diasteroselectivity and good to excellent enantioselectivity (up to 99:1 e.r.). The employed chiral amine can be recovered in near quantitative yield. The transformation can be run as a three-component one-pot reaction, generating the ammonium salt and ylide in situ. The scope of this reaction includes 17 new dihydrofurans with aromatic or heteroaromatic substituents.


1 1. INTRODUCTION The study of the structure of network glasses has progressed steadily since the initial work of Zachari-asen [1] in 1932 that introduced the idea of the continuous random network (CRN). Zachariasen envisaged such networks maintaining local chemical order, but by incorporating small structural distortions, having a topology that is noncrystalline. This seminal idea has met some opposition over the years from proponents of various microcrystalline models, but today is widely accepted, mainly as a result of careful diffraction experiments from which the radial distribution function can be determined. The CRN has been established as the basis for the most modern discussions of covalent glasses, and this has occurred because of the interplay between diffrac-tion experiments and model building. The early model building involved building networks with ~500 atoms from a seed with free boundaries in a roughly spherical shape [2]. Subsequent efforts have refined this approach and made it less subjective by using a computer to make the decisions and incorporating periodic boundary conditions. The best of these approaches was introduced by Wooten et al. [3] and consists of restructuring a crystalline lattice with a designated large unit supercell, until the supercell becomes amorphous. The large supercell contains typically ~5000 atoms. Both


This special issue of Computational Thermal Sciences contains some of the papers which were presented at HEFAT2014: The International Conference on Heat Transfer, Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics, held 14–16 July 2014 in Orlando, Florida. At the conference, a total of 300 papers were read, which includes 11 keynote papers. From these papers, approximately 20 authors were invited to submit papers (most of the papers were amended since presentation) for consideration to be published in this journal. After being peer reviewed, 7 papers were accepted for publication as two issues of this journal. Previous conferences in this series took place in the Kruger National Park, South Africa (2002), Victoria Falls, Zambia (2003), Cape Town (2004), Cairo (2005), Sun City (2006), Pretoria (2008), Antalya (2010), Mauritius (2011), and Malta (2012). The goal of the HEFAT conferences is to provide a forum at which specialists in heat transfer, fluid mechanics, and thermodynamics from all corners of the globe can present the latest progress and developments in the field. The conferences have also served as a catalyst for discussions on future directions and priorities in the areas of heat transfer, fluid mechanics, and thermodynamics. Signifi-


Abstract The Eisenhower administration's tough containment policy toward China has been conventionally viewed as an unsensible policy resulting from domestic political pressures or ideology. Refuting the conventional explanations, this article argues that during the early Cold War, the US superiority in bipolarity drove China to balance the United States in Asia. Dulles, the architect of the China policy, made accurate assessments of the power structure in Asia and the inevitable enmity with China. Driven by structural imperative, he decided to pursue containment to maintain the favourable balance of power in Asia by retarding the relative power growth of China allied with the Soviet Union and secondarily by accelerating their conflict through harder pressure on a weaker China. This case long considered as a prime anomaly to balance of power theory actually demonstrates how powerfully distributions of power shape alliance behaviours of states in the anarchic international system.


Wide-area damping controllers are generally provided in a large network to prevent small-signal oscillations. These controllers utilize remote measurements provided by synchrophasors. However, these communicated measurements are delayed and uncertain. Type-2 fuzzy provides higher order approximation of uncertainty and is able to provide solutions for real-world problems in more a reliable manner. Therefore, in this paper, a wide-area damping controller based on interval type-2 fuzzy system is designed. Proposed controllers not only consider time latencies of communicated signals but also eliminate various measurement uncertainties and noise by modeling foot of uncertainty (FOU). First, eigenvalue analysis of the system is performed to identify interarea modes responsible for small-signal instability. To nullify this instability, a control scheme is proposed. In proposed control scheme, participation factors are utilized to select suitable controller location. However, feedback signals are chosen through controllability indexes. Later, type-1 and type-2 controllers are designed by changing membership functions. Performance of type-2 controllers is checked for different FOUs. Furthermore, type-1 and type-2 controllers are compared, in terms of settling time, peak overshoot, and damping factor. Effectiveness of proposed control scheme and controllers are successfully tested on two-area four-machine and five-area sixteen-machine systems.


This article contains the peculiarities of using demonstrative pronouns in Qur'anic text. It shows the demonstrative pronouns used in Qur'anic Ayats. The particular meanings of demonstrative pronouns in the Qur'an are examined.


Abstract The complexes [Cu(TAABNH(CH2)2NH2)](NO3) · 2H2O, (1) [Cu(TAABNH(CH2)4NH2)] (NO3)·4H2O, (2), [Cu(TAABNH(CH2)12NH2](NO3)·4H2O,(3) and [Cu(TAAB(C14H10 N2O2)2]·4H2O, (4) have been synthesized and characterized by IR, mass spectroscopy, electronic spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis and elemental analysis. Electrical conductivity and activation energy evaluation were obtained from study of the temperature dependence of the electrical current (in tablet and thin film). Refraction and reflectance indices, absorption coefficient and optical activation energy were established through ellipsometry and UV-Vis spectroscopy. The electrical conductivity values at room temperature were within the range of semiconducting molecular solids (10−6−101Ω−1cm−1).


In the past the historian, philosopher, and essayist have devoted much time to the consideration of great men. Only recently, however, has the study of outstanding individuals, especially leaders, become interesting to the psychiatrist and social psychologist, although as early as 1835 Quetelet laid the foundation upon which Francis Galton, Havelock Ellis, and James Cattell based their inquiries on heredity and genius. No serious attempt has been made in this paper to compile a complete bibliography on Leadership. The authors have made a search through the abstracts of the past decade and have examined much of the literature. W. Albig (1), for instance, lists thirty-seven authors in his chapter on leadership of whom only a few have been drawn upon for application directly to the source of this study. The process of leadership is difficult to examine because of the complexity of personality and the difficulty of controlling the complicated variables to a degree which permits accurate interpretation and prediction. Apparently leadership is the product of many interrelated factors. "The roles and functions of the leader, the characteristics of the leader and the techniques of leadership vary with the situation. Various groups, varying in size, the nature of their constituents and the group purposes and functions, require different types of leadership" (1,p.98). Frank has pointed out that the need for leadership in any field arises from the fixed, rigid, and unchangeable patterns of thought and performance by those who, by position or seniority, control affairs (15). "The psychologist's quest for general leadership traits," Albig believes, "has been futile" (1, p. 98). But Cowley has reported a statistical study of leadership, wherein he claims to have isolated through a factor analysis method six traits common to leadership self--confidence, finality of judgment, motor impulsion, and speed of decision (measured in three ways). Cowley's conclusions will be dealt with later in relation to interpretations made in this study. The intelligence factor, as have other single variables, has claimed the attention of some investigators (12, 23). Others have concerned themselves primarily with age, physical index, popularity, and scholarship (21, 25). Cowley summarizes, perhaps better than others, conclusions gained from an examination of previous literature: "Leadership obviously is not a single trait but rather a complex fashioned together as a unity. An adequate appraisal of leadership would naturally reduce this complex to its individual units, and any sort of study of leadership to be of value should produce a list of traits which go together to make a leader. If one could produce an authentic list of such leadership traits, immediate and important theoretical and practical advances might be made in our understanding and control of human behavior" (7, p. 144). A study summarized in the science section of the


The architecture of a high-performance floating-point microprocessor intended for computation-intensive applications is presented. Utilizing a massively parallel execution unit, very high bandwidth onchip memory, and extensive parallel address calculation hardware, the processor is expected to achieve peak execution rates of 400 MFLOPS for single-precision floating-point numbers. This type of performance is competitive with that of popular mainframe vector processors.<<ETX>>


List of FiguresList of TablesAcknowledgmentsAbbreviations1Class Power, Market Power, and the Comparative Method32Variation in Union Membership143Labor Market Centralization294The Ghent System505Political Parties and Trade Unions666Cross-Sectional Analysis of Union Density877The Business Cycle and Union Growth1028The Structure of Labor Markets1229Introducing the Decline of Unions in the 1980s14310Power, Efficiency, and Institutional Change15611Globalization, Institutional Change, and Union Decline in the 1980s17612Conclusion193Appendix: Data and Methods199Bibliography205Index223</


The effect of fermentation using endogenous grain microflora at 30 °C on the primary nutrients in finger millet (Eleusine coracana) is reported. The fermentation decreases the starch and long-chain fatty acid content. The pH drops by 2.1 units, leading to an increase of about 6.5 and 3.7 times in lactic and acetic acid contents, respectively. These are the major organic acids produced during fermentation. The total fat content decreased by about 42.9%, which favorably agrees with total loss in long-chain fatty acid content. The total microbial flora increased rapidly during the first 24 h of fermentation. Controlled fermentation using a mixed-culture inoculum taken from 18 and 48 h fermented millet decreased the fermentation time markedly as measured in terms of pH and titratable acidity. Keywords: Finger millet; Eleucine coracana; natural fermentation; primary nutrients; biochemical changes; carbohydrates; fatty acids


Cooperative game theories such as Shapley, Core, Minimum Costs-Remaining Savings (MRCS) and Nash negotiation model were used to solve the benefit allocation problem of supply chain system consisting of one retailer and two suppliers. But different allocation methods got different results. An integration benefit allocation method was used to resolve this variance. It used Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) to get the relative weight of each allocation methods, and then it compromised the different results into a relative reasonable benefit allocation scheme through weighted average method.


Abstract : Cancer growth and spread is dependent on new blood vessel formation, i.e. angiogenesis. A tumor mass cannot develop into a life-threatening condition without angiogenesis. Obstructing the recruitment of new blood vessels to the tumor through administration of antiangiogenic agents will hinder cancer progression. We propose the use of marrow stromal cells (MSCs) for an investigative gene discovery program to identify new genes involved in blood vessel formation. MSCs, a normal cell type from the bone marrow, can spontaneously turn into blood vessels (MSC-mediated vasculogenesis) in experimental animals. Therefore, we propose that MSCs recapitulate the ontogeny of blood vessel formation and serve to identify novel angiogenesis promoters and potential new pharmacological targets. To test this hypothesis, we will utilize a cell biology and molecular genetic experimental approach. Products thus identified as involved in MSC-mediated vasculogenesis may become new cancer "antiangiogenesis" targets for either a classic pharmacological approach or for cell and gene therapy therapeutic strategies. The utilization of antiangiogenic agents for cancer treatment holds certain advantages over chemotherapeutic drugs, such as the destruction uniquely of tumor-associated normal blood vessels and not of other normal tissue such as bone marrow. Also, unlike chemotherapy, drug resistance is not an issue with antiangiogenic compounds.


................................................................................................................... ii Abstract in Arabic......................................................................................................iii Approval Page .......................................................................................................... iv Declaration ............................................................................................................... v Copyright Page ......................................................................................................... vi Acknowledgements .................................................................................................. vii CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION .................................................................. 1 1.1 Background of the Study ........................................................................ 1 1.2 Statement of the Problem........................................................................ 2 1.3 Research Objectives................................................................................ 4 1.4 Research Questions ................................................................................. 4 1.5 Significance of the Study ........................................................................ 5 1.6 Limitations of the Study ......................................................................... 5 1.7 Definition of Terms ................................................................................ 6 1.8 Transliteration System ............................................................................ 8 1.9 Research Methodology ........................................................................... 8 1.10 Literature Review ................................................................................. 10 CHAPTER TWO: JUDAISM AND ANTI-ISLAMIC ANTAGONISM .......... 21 2.1 Preliminaries ........................................................................................... 21 2.2 A Brief Overview of Islamic-Jewish Relations in History ..................... 22 2.3 Introduction to Judaism in Relevance to Anti-Islamism ........................ 23 2.3.1 Challenges of A Definition ........................................................... 23 2.3.2 Judaism and Monotheism.............................................................. 31 2.3.3 The Self and Others of Judaism .................................................... 33 2.3.4 Islam and Muslims in the Jewish Perception ................................ 36 2.4 Early Jewish Anti-Islamism: Medīna (Formerly Yathrib)...................... 38 2.4.1 On Sources and Scholarship ......................................................... 38 2.4.2 Pre-Hijrah Medīna (Yathrib) ......................................................... 41 2.4.3 Post-Hijrah Medīna ....................................................................... 42 2.4.4 Causes of Early Jewish Anti-Islamism ......................................... 47 2.4.5 Verbal and Physical Phases of Early Jewish Anti-Islamism......... 49 2.5 Medieval Jewish Anti-Islamism: Chronicles .......................................... 50 2.5.1 Jewish-Muslim Polemics .............................................................. 50 2.5.2 Jewish Chronicles ......................................................................... 51 2.6 Modern Jewish Anti-Islamism: Zionism ................................................ 54 2.6.1 The Genesis of Zionism ................................................................ 54 2.6.2 Core Doctrines of Zionism and Anti-Islamism ............................. 57 2.6.3 Israel-Palestine Conflict as the Historical Source of Zionist Anti-Islamism ............................................................................... 59 2.6.4 Correlations Between Zionism and Anti-Islamism ....................... 61 2.6.5 Jewish Involvement in Western Anti-Islamism ............................ 66 2.7 Conclusive Section ................................................................................. 70


The search for efficient inhibitors to mitigate the corrosion of oil-well steels requires more experimental investigations of the performance of ecofriendly nontoxic organic inhibitors. With this objective, the inhibitive action of a selected inhibitor, furfuryl alcohol (FAL), on the corrosion resistance of 13Cr L80 steel in 15% HCl solution was investigated using weight-loss, potentiodynamic polarization, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques. The inhibition efficiency of furfuryl alcohol was found to increase almost linearly with concentration and reached about 96% at 90 mM but decreased with temperature. The adsorption of the inhibitor on 13Cr L80 steel in the acidic solution was found to accord with the Langmuir isotherm. Thermodynamic and activation parameters were also evaluated. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were carried out to establish the inhibitive properties of FAL. The results fro...


The study examines the perception of remittance receiving families to consume its portion of income on building capacity and preparedness against any natural disasters in Nepal. Moreover, there is growing evidence that remittance income is consumed to improve livelihood, especially on household expenses, education, treatment and the construction of the new house or repairing existing one. The objective of this study is to analyze to what extent the poor people whose earning incomes, including remittance, prepare them to cope with the upcoming natural disasters to minimize the loss afterward. The sites were purposefully selected in different districts in Nepal to observe the way of preparedness and have vulnerable to natural disaster. The snowball sampling method was chosen to interview with open and closed questionnaires only to remittance receiving families. Similarly, the observation method was used to assess the quality and type of houses they belong. The qualitative data were processed using SPSS 20 with statistical tools as frequencies and verified with one way ANOVA test. The result showed that the remittance receiving families improved their livelihood (improving their living standard with more expenses in home, health, and education, construction, savings) It was observed that the remittance receiving families consumed income in new construction of houses and repairing to make their houses strong without consulting the technical expert or use of building codes, that rising doubt to withstand the worse impact of natural disasters mainly earthquake, flood and landslide. This study concludes that the remittance receiving household, though have better livelihood, yet they are not better prepared against the ruthless impact of any natural disasters.


Terrestrial laser scanner (TLS) and interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) allow the acquisition of data on an observed surface with high spatial sampling rate. The data provided by TLS observation of a landslide ground surface can be used to generate a very detailed digital model of this surface, and multitemporal observations with TLS or continuous or multitemporal observation with InSAR can provide a reliable displacement map. In order to acquire useful information about the analogies, differences, and capabilities, as well as limitations of these techniques, a joint experimentation of TLS and InSAR was performed over two years in various sites in the Italian Alps. The results have indicated that these techniques can provide high‐quality data, can be very useful in the monitoring intended for the mitigation of hydrogeological risk in a wide range of cases, and must be supported by a topographical georeferenced network.


The genus Muellerianella comprises the species: M. farmairei, M. brevipennis, M. relicta and one pseudogamous all-female biotype M. fairmairei (3n). The bisexual species M. fairmairei and M. brevipennis as well as the unisexual M. fairmairei (3n) were investigated from a biosystematic point of view. The males of the two bisexual species are morphologically distinct but their females, the female hybrids of both way-crossings between the two bisexual species and the unisexual biotype are morphologically indistinguishable. The bisexual species M. fairmairei and M. brevipennis are diploid (2n = 28) and their sex determination system is XY. F1 hybrids also have 28 chromosomes. The pseudogamous unisexual biotype is triploid (3n = 41) reproducing apomictically, but it requires sperm derived from the males of the two bisexual species to initiate embryogenesis (pseudogamy). The host plants of the Muellerianella complex are Holcuslanatus or H.mollis for the bisexual and unisexual M. fairmairei, and Deschampsia caespitosa for M. brevipennis. The distributions of the two species and their host plants overlap widely in West and Central Europe. M. fairmairei and its host plant are distributed more to the south, while M. brevipennis and its host extend more to the north. There is evidence that the unisexual M. fairmairei (3n) occurs in the overlapping area of the two bisexual species, but is absent from the peripheral areas where one of the other species is also absent. In the area of Leersum-Langbroek (prov. of Utrecht) in Holland both species are common, and their respective host plants grow in reasonable numbers. In a few localities where the two hosts are closely intermixed both delphacid species occur syntopically. Samples of the two species were taken bij the sweep-net and suction methods. M. fairmairei is more frequent in wet biotopes of noncultivated meadows in West Europe. M. brevipennis is more frequent in the north of Europe and is a stenotopic species typical of fresh biotopes of wooded areas. In Northern Europe both species are univoltine while in West and Central Europe M. fairmairei has two distinct generations in contrast to M. brevipennis which has an incomplete second generation. However, there is no important seasonal isolation between the two species. In Southern Europe M. fairmairei is probably polyvoltine. Populations of M. fairmairei from regions where M. brevipennis does not occur (S. Greece, S. France?, Ireland) have a sex ratio of 1 : 1, while populations occurring sympatrically with M. brevipennis (England, France, Holland) have a high proportion of females, comprising a mixture of diploid and triploid individuals. In Holland M. brevipennis has a sex ratio of 1 : 1, while populations of this species in Finland have a high proportion of females. Both diploid species maintained a 1:1 sex ratio in the laboratory rearings. Crossings between triploid females and males of M. fairmairei resulted in absolute all-female triploid progenies. Diploid and triploid females of M. fairmairei coexist in Holland. In one biotope (in Leersum), the proportion of the two female biotypes of M.fairmairei was 1:1, while in others triploid females were more numerous than the diploid ones. It is not clear, whether both female populations of M. fairmairei occupy exactly the same ecological niche. Regarding the wing form of the two bisexual species and the unisexual biotope, long photoperiod (L:D = 18:6) favors the development of the long wings, while short photoperiod (L:D = 10:14) completely suppresses it. Under long photoperiod the macropterous form of M. brevipennis was more common than that of M. fairmairei. Under long photoperiod, when the larval density was increased M. fairmairei (2n) had proportionately more macropterous adults than M. fairmairei (3n). Summer and winter eggs of the two species were parasitized by Anagrus sp. However, eggs of the second generation were more frequently parasitized (up to 40%) that those of the first. The higher population densities of M. fairmairei than of M. brevipennis in the field were interpreted from laboratory observations by the fact that M. fairmairei has higher egg production than M. brevipennis. The triploid females of M. fairmairei are assumed to be more prolific than the diploid ones. Also, the rate of egg production of M. fairmairei was higher than that of M. brevipennis. Females of M. fairmairei mated once produced a few unfertile eggs at the end of their oviposition period, in contrast to M. brevipennis which always produced fertile eggs. Males of M. fairmairei appeared to have greater longevity than the females. During the first generation and in colonies under long photoperiod M. fairmairei oviposits in its food plant H. lanatus, while during the second generation and in colonies under short photoperiod in Juncus effusus. M. brevipennis was found to oviposit in the field only in its food plant, namely D. caespitosa, but in the laboratory it also oviposited in J. effusus. The egg-group size of both species depends upon the oviposition substrate. Embryonic development of both species is continuous during the first generation and in colonies under long photoperiod, but embryonic diapause (arrest of development before blastokinesis) takes place during the second generation and in laboratory rearings under short photoperiod. The intensity of diapause is higher in M. brevipennis as compared to M. fairmairei. Continuous rearings of the unisexual and bisexual M. fairmairei were possible under short photoperiod. The rate of larval development of both species under long photoperiod at 20- 25°C was approximately the same. Under short photoperiod the duration of the last instar larva of females is longer than that under long photoperiod. Temperature, humidity and crowding had an influence upon the rate of larval development. In laboratory experiments, development and reproduction of M. fairmairei occurred on several grass species, in contrast to M. brevipennis which appeared to be monophagous. Mature grasses were more suitable as food plants than seedlings. Some unmated females of M. fairmairei (2n) placed in cages containing H. lanatus and D. caespitosa, and males of M. brevipennis ultimately produced a few male and female hybrids. The reciprocal cross resulted in more female hybrids than males. Egg-fertility of these crosses was variable (0-100%) during the course of the oviposition period. Hybrid larvae can develop on both grass species, but they prefer D. caespitosa to H. lanatus. Males were sterile but females were often fertile and some of them crossed back with M. fairmairei produced a triploid pseudogamous biotype very similar to that collected in the field. The all-female progeny of the triploid M. fairmairei was greater when it was crossed with M. fairmairei males than with M. brevipennis males. Hybrids were obtained even when unmated females (2n + 3n) of both species together were caged with males of one species. In conformity with these results it is proposed that the two bisexual species should be called 'allomorphic-related species' instead of 'sibling species'. Allopatric speciation is considered as the most probable cause of divergence between both species. It is suggested that M. brevipennis originated from an isolated population of M. fairmairei during a period of glaciation and has survived on D. caespitosa. It is proposed to call the unisexual biotype M.2 fairmairei-brevipennis, following the nomenclatorial system of hybrids. In this context, it has been demonstrated that in insects hybridization may lead to unisexuality followed by polyploidy.


Breadfruit leaves (Artocarpus altilis) are effective in reducing high blood sugar levels. One of the uses of breadfruit is by making it into syrup. The manufacture of breadfruit leaf ethanol extract is expected to improve the bitter taste of breadfruit leaves. This study aims to determine the effect of variations of sorbitol and propylene glycol and to obtain the optimum value of sorbitol and propylene glycol on the physical properties and hedonic value of syrup preparations. Breadfruit leaveswas extracted by multilevel maceration with 70% ethanol. Thick breadfruit leaf extract made syrup preparations in 5 runs with variations of sorbitol: propylene glycol, namely Run 1 (20%: 25%), Run 2 (35%: 10%), Run 3 (31.25%: 13.75% ), Run 4 (27.5%: 17.5%) and Run 5 (23.75%: 21.25%). The syrups were tested for their physical properties including organoleptic, viscosity, pH and hedonic tests. The test results are optimized with Simplex Lattice Design. The optimum formula of the predicted results is verified by analysis of one sample t-test with a 95% confidence level.The results showed an increase in sorbitol and propylene glycol increased the pH and hedonic values but did not affect the viscosity value of syrup preparations. Sorbitol concentration of 30,0005% and propylene glycol 14.9995% produced syrup with pH and hedonic value optimum differed insignificantly with p-values> 0.05.


The Struggle for Control of the Modern Corporation provides a fascinating historical overview of decision-making and political struggle within one of America's largest and most important corporations. Drawing on primary historical material, Robert F. Freeland examines the changes in General Motors' organization between the years 1924 and 1970. He takes issue with the well-known arguments of business historian Alfred Chandler and economist Oliver Williamson, who contend that GM's multidivisional corporate structure emerged and survived because it was more efficient than alternative forms of organization. This book illustrates that for most of its history, GM intentionally violated the fundamental axioms of efficient organization put forth by these analysts. It did so in order to create cooperation and managerial consent to corporate policies. Moreover, it was the top managers who advocated these changes. The corporate owners vehemently opposed them, touching off a struggle over corporate organization inside GM that lasted for decades. Freeland uses the GM case to reexamine existing theories of corporate governance, arguing that the decentralized organizational structure advocated by efficiency theorists may actually undermine cooperation, and thus foster organizational decline.


The low voltage ride through(LVRT) reform is the safeguard of the stable operation of thermal power and grid system security.The characteristics,advantages and disadvantages of five LVRT reformed products and technologies are summarized and analyzed.A LVRT power supply which used full power electronic conversion is designed which usually runs in back-up mode.To protect continuous and stable operation 10 s of transducer,500 V voltage has to be used on DC bus when the grid low voltage drop occurs.Experimental results verify the auxiliary transducer with transducer LVRT power supply has the ability of LVRT.Theoretical and experimental results provides a technical reference and support for the further expanded into other industries.


Based on the method of distance-distinguish, Shenshan Mountain, Tianmenshan Mountain, four black mountain, Auburn mountain and Jinghu Park were investigated and their environment al qualities were evaluated in this paper and the method of distance distinguish was an effective way in environment al quality evaluation. Finally it provided some useful reference for present issue of Wuhu City.


Continued operation of high temperature tubing in superheaters and reheaters presents operation and maintenance personnel with risk-based decisions. The design of SH/RH tubing and associated dissimilar metal welds is well understood, as are the life degradation mechanisms, which have been thoroughly documented by EPRI. The major problems associated with life prediction of SH/RH tubing are the non-uniform distribution of temperatures and coal ash corrosion, with bending stresses contributing to the failures of DMWs. Basing run/repair decisions on the average life consumption projection (which can be obtained from plant records and deterministic computer programs) will result in many inservice failures of the weakest (hottest) tubes in the section. Basing section replacement decisions on the first few failures that occur results in removal of the majority of tubes that have hundreds of thousands of hours of remaining life. A risk-based approach to failures in SH/RH sections consists of periodic tube evaluation and repair/replacement of those tubes expected to have a high probability of failure during the next period of operation, typically 18 – 36 months. This paper summarizes the role of NDE inspection technology in assisting plant personnel in making SH/RH run/repair replace decisions. Early developments in the use of ultrasonic, radiographic and replication for predicting the life of tubing and DMWs will be reviewed and recent advancements increasing the accuracy of UT testing will be presented. The use of probabilistically based life prediction computer codes will be introduced and several case histories will be reviewed. Finally, an economically based risk assessment model that incorporates plant operating data, inspection results and acceptable risk levels will be presented. Introduction When steam plant temperatures and pressures of 1000 – 1050F and 2400 – 3600 psi were introduced in the late 1940's and early 1950's, the decrease in heat rate more than offset the use of expensive alloy steels for SH/RH tubing. The conservative design philosophy of boiler manufacturers and the ASME Code permitted the tubing to last for 30 – 40 years, despite the high temperatures and stresses. In the regulated utility atmosphere, a few failures in a SH/RH section prompted replacement of the entire section, as the cost of maintaining a boiler was not as closely watched as it is today. In the 1980's, with life extension becoming a major strategy for utilities anxious to avoid building new generating capacity, boiler tube failure mechanisms were thoroughly studied and two main culprits were identified; uneven temperature distributions across the boiler and coal ash corrosion for tubing and bending stresses for DMWs. Figure 1 shows typical temperature distributions for a wall-fired boiler (tangentially fired boilers tend to have the hot tubes along the walls, giving the temperature distribution a bathtub shape). Figure 1. Temperature Distribution Across a Wall-Fired Boiler. Coal-ash corrosion occurs when the ash fusion temperature is lower than the tube metal temperature, resulting in a liquid slag that oxidizes the metal at a rate many times the normal 0.001 – 0.002" per year. The tube metal temperature increases as the tube operates, due to the build-up of an internal oxide scale that causes the tube to run hotter to produce the same steam temperature. This explains how a boiler that runs for years may suddenly experience coal ash failures, even though the fuel source has been constant. Another major factor that influences tube life is the creep rupture strength of the material. Thousands of tests have been run on the T11 and T22 steels used for tubing and when the results are plotted, there is a significant difference between the average properties and lower bound properties. Figure 2 shows the difference graphically. Temperature Pattern Across Boiler 880 900 920 940 960 98


Objective:To compare the efficacy of mirtazapine with that of paroxetine.Methods:60 patients with a diagnosis of major depressive episode(CCMD-3)were randomly assigned to 6 weeks of treatment with mirtazapine or paroxetine.Efficacy was assessed with HAM-D-17 at the end of baseline and 1,2,4,6 weeks after treatment.Results:Both medications had comparable efficacy.Mirtazapine responded more quickly and showed significant improvement of anxiety symptoms at the beginning of the treatment.Conclusion:mirtazapine had good effectiveness in the depressed patients with anxiety symptoms.


Disclosed herein are solar cells comprising semiconductor substrates and Cu electrodes attached thereto, wherein, the Cu electrodes are derived from conductive pastes containing powder mixtures of Cu particles and crystalline Ge particles and glass frits dispersed in organic media.


The changes of theatrical conception since mid 1980s have brought on the changes of Chinese play-writing style and stage performing style.Experiment theatre and little theatre grew up as avant-garde and became eye-absorbing on the stage during and after mid 1980s.Since then,Chinese play-writing and performing style have gone out of monopolarity to multipolari- ty.And this trend is due to the necessity of time.


The utility model discloses a device for purifying oil smoke of a kitchen, which comprises a photochemical catalysis oxidizer and a ventilation cover shell connected to the photochemical catalysis oxidizer, wherein the photochemical catalysis oxidizer is formed by an ultraviolet lamp tube, a rectifier, a photochemical catalysis oxidecoating grid plate and the like which are arranged inside the photochemical catalysis oxidizer. The entire device can be fixedly installed above a cooking bench of the kitchen. The photochemical catalysis oxidizer can produce an air flow with extremely high oxidability, and the air flow with the extremely high oxidability is mixed with the oil smoke produced owing to high temperature inside a cooking pot on the cooking bench to decompose the oil smoke into carbon dioxide and water through oxidation so that the oil smoke is exhausted to the outside through an air exhaust channel, and the pollution source, namely, the oil smoke of the kitchen is purified. Finally, new chemical pollutants are not produced during the whole process, and secondary pollution cannot be caused.


The big challenge for military forces and their industrial supporters since the end of the cold war is how to convert technologies once viewed as exclusively military to serve civilian ends as well. The authors discuss a case of dual use in which a rigorous military method for designing complex computer systems appears suited to complicated civilian projects. The method is supported by a new language, CaRT-Spec, which is application independent and therefore suitable for both military and civilian applications.<<ETX>>


Although there have been spectacular developments in the diagnosis and treatment of coronary artery disease (CAD), the diagnostic terminology has not evolved accordingly. The present diagnostic terms are symptom, complication, and electrocardiogram based instead of the causative pathology. In the present era of excellent therapies, angina and infarction need not occur. When our efforts are directed at preventing these ill effects of CAD, the present diagnostic terms seem anachronistic. This article presents a simple, logical, and practical approach to CAD terminology.


Article History: Received: 11 January 2021; Accepted: 27 February 2021; Published online: 5 April 2021 Abstract: Technically, the material possessing a minimum, one external dimension measuring 1-100nm is called Nanomaterial, and cannot be seen by the naked eye. The bibliometric analysis had been conducted to understand the active authors, organizations, journals, and countries involved in the research domain of "Nanomaterial"[1], [2]. All published articles related to "Nanomaterial" from "Scopus", were analyzed using the VOS viewer to develop analysis tables and visualization maps.This article had set the objective to consolidate the scientific literature regarding the "Nanomaterial"and also to find out the trends related to the same.The most active journals in this research domain were Construction and Building Materials and Composites Science and Technology. The most active countries were China and the United States of America. The leading organizations engaged in the research regarding Nanomaterial was the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the North Eastern University of China, and the Ministry of Education of China.The most active authors who had made valuable contributions related to Nanomaterial were Wang Y. and Yang H.


Abstract A Newton polygon is introduced for a ramified point of a Galois covering of curves over a finite field. It is shown to be determined by the sequence of higher ramification groups of the point. It gives a blowing up of the wildly ramified part which separates the branches of the curve. There is also a connection with local reciprocity.


Simple Summary Body temperature has detrimental effects on sperm quality in mammalian species, including pigs. However, the molecular mechanism of this is not yet well understood. Cryptorchidism is when one or both testes fail to descend into the scrotum, which leads the testes to be exposed to the body temperature. The aims of present study were to investigate the effect of body temperature on the histomorphometry, apoptosis and the expression of the proliferation-associated protein PCNA and the autophagy-associated protein LC3 in spontaneous unilateral cryptorchid boar testes. Our findings showed that cryptorchidism had no evident influence on the number of Sertoli cells in boars. In cryptorchid testes, spermatogonia markedly decreased and the seminiferous tubule contained only a few spermatogonia, but did not contain post-meiotic germ cells. The altered seminiferous epithelium of the cryptorchid testis showed a low proliferation of its spermatogonia, with apoptosis and autophagy like that of scrotal testis, which probably entailed a gradual degeneration of the epithelium and the impossibility of its recovery. Although the number of Sertoli cells did not change, it was likely that their functionality was altered and that this affected the proliferation capacity of spermatogonia, causing the arrest of spermatogenesis. Abstract Spontaneous unilateral cryptorchid boars have one testis in the abdomen or inguinal canal, causing its temperature to be at or near the body temperature, which impairs spermatogenesis, although the histomorphometry and molecular mechanisms underlying this process remain unclear. The aim of the present study was to determine the histomorphometry, proliferation, apoptosis, and autophagy alterations in spermatogonia and Sertoli cells in unilateral cryptorchid, scrotal (contrascrotal), and preweaning piglet (preweaning) testes. Histomorphometrical analysis of cryptorchid testes showed that the seminiferous tubules contained only Sertoli cells and a few spermatogonia, but did not contain post-meiotic germ cells. The number of spermatogonia markedly decreased, and the number of Sertoli cells did not change remarkably in cryptorchid testes. TUNEL assay results showed that apoptosis signals were predominantly observed in spermatogonia. In cryptorchid and contrascrotal testes, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and LC3 were located in spermatogonia. The number of PCNA-positive, TUNEL-positive, and LC3-positive germ cells was low, and the protein and mRNA levels of PCNA and LC3 were significantly decreased in cryptorchid testes. Taken together, the number of Sertoli cells did not change remarkably, whereas the number of germ cells decreased in the cryptorchid testes, compared with that in the contrascrotal testes. Insufficient proliferation, excessive apoptosis, and autophagy were involved in the regulation of the decrease in spermatogonia in cryptorchid boar testes.


Behavioral evidence suggests that dyslexic readers are impaired in processing rapid temporal changes such as formant transitions. It is unclear if this possible impairment is attributable to the dynamic nature of a formant transition, the brevity of the cue, or a general deficit in categorical decision making. We tested categorical perception of speech in 30 children between the ages of 8 and 12 with a range of reading abilities (dyslexic, below average and above average readers) on two stimulus continua: (1) a /ba/-/da/ continuum, in which a 100-ms formant transition provides a spectrotemporal cue, and (2) a /sa/-/sha/ continuum with a purely spectral contrastive cue also lasting 100 ms. Two test conditions probed the interaction of working memory and categorical perception: a single-interval condition and an ABX paradigm. Children with dyslexia showed shallower psychometric functions and more lapses at the continuum endpoints compared to controls. There was no effect of stimulus continuum or test condit...


I. CHANGING PERSPECTIVES ON THE ENVIRONMENT. 1. The Amazon Rain Forest. 2. Delta Environmental and the Advance of the Greens. 3. The Big Spill: Oil and Water Still Don't Mix. 4. Save the Turtles. II. PUBLIC POLICY, ECONOMICS AND THE ENVIRONMENT. 1. The Auto Emissions Debate: The Role of Scientific Knowledge. 2. The 1990 Clean Air Act and DuPont. 3. Groundwater Contamination: A City with Problems. 4. Ocean Spray Cranberries, Inc. 5. The Forgotten Dumps. 6. The Politics of Recycling in Rhode Island. III. BUSINESS AND THE "NEW ENVIRONMENTALISM." 1. Oakdale: A Success Story. 2. Marine Shale Processors, Inc. 3. Polaroid's Toxic Use and Waste Reduction Program. 4. Dow Chemical: Environmental Policy and Practice. 5. ARCO Solar, Inc. 6. Ashland Oil Tank Collapse. 7. DuPont Freon Products Division.


This study seeks to examine the mathematical modelling skills of middle school seventh- and eighth-grade students. Participants were formed by eight secondary school students studying at a state secondary school in a medium-sized district of a medium-sized province in the Eastern Black Sea Region of Turkey in the 2020–2021 academic year. It is a qualitative research and is designed as a case study. The whole process was recorded by video by having the students work on the mathematical modelling activity named 'Team Fiction' prepared by the researcher. In the collection of data, the group work form and report form prepared by the researcher, along with student solution papers and researcher's observation notes were used. All the data obtained were subjected to descriptive analysis and the following results were obtained: it is thought that regular modelling studies in schools will contribute to the development and change of modelling competencies of students.

Keywords: Mathematical modelling, modelling skills, modelling activities, school students, middle school.