A JT15D fan stage was acoustically tested in the NASA Lewis anechoic chamber as part of the joint Lewis/Langley Research Center investigation of flight simulation techniques and flight effects using the JT15D engine as a common test vehicle. Suspected rotor-downstream support strut interaction was confirmed through the use of simulated support struts, which were tested at three axial rotor-strut spacings. Tests were also per- formed with the struts removed. Inlet boundary layer suction in conjunction with an inflow control device was also explored. The removal of the boundary layer reduced the fan fundamental tone levels, suggesting that the mounting and mating of such a device to the nacelle requires careful attention. With the same inflow control device installed, good acoustic agreement was shown between the engine on an outdoor test stand and the fan in the anechoic chamber. HE development of effective inflow control devices (ICD's) makes it possible to study noise generation mechanisms, such as rotor-stator interaction, with reduced masking effects of inflow disturbances. Modern turbofan engines are often designed with blade/vane numbers selected to prevent propagation of the fundamental rotor-stator in- teraction tone. However, less consideration has been given to possible rotor interactions with engine support struts. These struts are either located downstream of the stator row or are integrated into the stator as large cross-section vanes.! This paper presents results for a JT15D fan stage which was acoustically tested in the NASA Lewis Research Center anechoic chamber2 as part of a joint NASA Lewis/Langley investigation of flight simulation techniques and flight effects using the JT15D-1 engine as a common test vehicle.3"7 The engines used in these studies were instrumented with blade and vane pressure transducers to assist in isolating noise generation mechanisms. Although the primary goal of this study was to evaluate inflow control techniques, the results revealed that for the JT15D-1 engine in particular speed ranges the fundamental tone was controlled by the presence of six engine support struts located downstream of the stator. Blade pressure results showing a strong six per revolution disturbance pointed to these struts as the probable noise source. The interaction between the 28-blade rotor of the JT15D and the six support struts would result in a m-22 acoustic spinning mode having 22 circumferential lobes. This mode was shown to exist in the inlet duct of a JT15D engine when the results from two pressure sensors located in the duct so as to allow spining mode identification by signal phase relationship were used.3 However, it was not possible to alter the support struts in the engine to establish the behavior of this apparent noise source. Downstream support struts were not required for the JT15D fan installation in the anechoic chamber. Six simulated support struts were fabricated and installed in the test fan stage to simulate the actual engine support strut installation. These simulated struts were located at three axial spacings from the stator trailing edge. Thus, in the present study results were obtained for the spacing effect of downstream support struts as well as for fan stage alone with no downstream struts.


Researchers in the field of language acquisition may adopt various particular theoretical approaches to the description and explanation of linguistic phenomena. They need this theory to describe the nature of what is or is not undergoing change over time. However linguistic theory normally makes no reference to the time dimension, a dimension crucial to any study of development. Psycholinguists, on the other hand, focus on temporal phenomena but these are normally measured in milliseconds. At the same time, they still need a coherent model of linguistic structure to carry out their investigations. The logic of this suggests that a framework is needed that integrates linguistic theories about the properties of language, i.e., linguistic knowledge, with theories about on-line processing. The need to integrate these two ways of looking at language is also crucial for researchers who study linguistic development in the individual. One such approach is Modular Growth and Use of Language (MOGUL), a theoretical framework based on a close examination of research in several disciplines and within which utterance processing plays a vital role in explaining development. In fact, in that part of MOGUL which is devoted to explaining acquisition, the claim is that development is a side-effect of making sense of language to which we are exposed. No special learning mechanisms are involved.


Policy Implementation is the government's activity of solving the social problems.Some factors as Interest maximization seeking,power-seeking-rent,policy defect,lack of control cause countermeasure action of the policy.Establishing and perfecting the ideology system,power control mechanism system,policy making system and supervision system may reduce the countermeasure action in the policy execution.


Rust is a major disease of garlic in Ethiopia. A field experiment was conducted at Kabe and Segno Kebeles of Woreilu District in 2019 to determine the appropriate rate and spraying frequency of propiconazole fungicide and select cost-effective management options of garlic rust. A randomized complete block design with three replications was used. The combination of five rates and three spraying frequencies of propiconazole fungicide and unsprayed treatments was evaluated. A combination of rate and spraying frequencies of propiconazole significantly reduced disease with correspondingly increased bulb yield of garlic. The minimum percentage severity index and area under disease progress curve were scored from plots treated by all rates with three times spraying frequency of Tilt fungicide application. The highest bulb yield was obtained from plots treated with all fungicide rates with three times spraying frequencies of propiconazole application. But the highest (6896.36%) marginal rate of return was obtained from plots treated with 0.5 L with two times spraying. Generally, 0.5 liters with two times spraying of propiconazole was effective in controlling garlic disease and get the highest cost-benefit advantage as compared with other treatments. Therefore, it could be recommended for the management of garlic rust in Ethiopia.


[eng] This paper reviews a small selection of experimental studies on markets and tries to highlight the role that laboratory experimentation can have in helping identify the behavioral and institutional factors determining market efficiency. The paper compares two partly distinct traditions of experimental research, the former dealing with the efficiency properties of alternative trading institutions, the latter studying more abstract coordination problems that arise in the presence of multiple markets and decentralized decisions. Some methodological issues are also briefly addressed. [fre] Cet article analyse une selection d'etudes experimentales sur les marches et met en evidence le role que les experimentations de laboratoire peuvent avoir en permettant d'identifier les facteurs comportementaux et institutionnels conditionnant l'efficience des marches. L'article compare deux traditions de la recherche experimentale ; la premiere analysant les proprietes d'efficience d'institutions d'echanges alternatifs, la seconde etudiant les problemes de coordination plus abstraits qui emergent en presence de marches multiples et de decisions decentralisees. L'article aborde aussi les questions methodologiques soulevees par ces approches.


PURPOSE: A lighting device is provided to reduce traffic accidents and installing costs by using solar power without using a separate power unit. CONSTITUTION: A lighting device include a body part(10), a vehicle signal indication part(20), a pedestrian signal indication part(30), a remote control receiving part(40), a sensing part(50), a power supply part(60), a lamp(70), a sun photo cell board(80), a control unit(90), a sending and receiving equipment part(100), and a walking display light. The vehicle signal indication part is composed of a stop lamp for a vehicle and an alarm signal lamp. The pedestrian signal indication part is composed of a stop signal lamp for a pedestrian and a passing signal lamp for a pedestrian.


To inspect on colligated function of vehicle is a key work link in all of the management in transportation.Every department in management should pay more attention to how to do it best and try to realize the technical management in actual.


Abstract Background A phase II trial of combined androgen blockade (CAB) in patients with advanced androgen receptor (AR)–positive salivary gland carcinoma (SGC) showed 40% of the overall response rate. However, biomarkers which predict survival in this population remain unknown. Methods A total of 99 patients with AR–positive SGC treated with leuprorelin acetate plus bicalutamide were included. Age, sex, ECOG performance status (PS), previous treatment with trastuzumab plus docetaxel, modified Glasgow Prognosis Score (mGPS), neutrocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), serum C-reactive protein (CRP) and testosterone level, HER2 status (according to ASCO/CAP Guidelines), mutational status of BRAF, PIK3CA, HRAS, AKT1 and TP53, immunohistochemistry (IHC) score of AR, Ki-67, CK5/6, p53, HER3, Akt, PI3K, FOXA1, adipophilin, mTOR and PTEN were assessed and correlated with progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Results Female sex, mGPS (1 or 2 vs. 0), NLR (≥4.48), PLR (≥234.27), and Ki-67 labeling index (≥ 40%) were significantly associated with shorter PFS (hazard ratio [HR], 3.57, 2.01, 1.76, 1.62, and 2.16, respectively) and OS (HR, 4.91, 4.98, 3.10, 2.95, and 1.78, respectively). IHC scores of PTEN (3+) and adipophilin (≥5%) were related with favorable PFS (HR, 0.57 and 0.49, respectively) and OS (HR, 0.48 and 0.42, respectively). Age, ECOG PS, CRP, testosterone, AR positive ratio (≥70% or  Conclusions Rather than age and PS, sex and higher inflammation-based prognostic scores can serve as predictive biomarkers in patients with advanced SGC treated with CAB. IHC assessment of Ki-67, PTEN, and adipophilin may predict survival of this population. Biological validation of such markers is warranted. Clinical trial identification UMIN000009437, Released on 03/12/2012. Legal entity responsible for the study The authors. Funding MEXT/JSPS. Disclosure All authors have declared no conflicts of interest.


In this paper F-periodic functions are defined. The Fourier series for F-periodic functions are considered. Applications of F-periodic functions to plane curves are given.


We study the running time of a particular path-vector protocol for distributively and asynchronously computing shortest paths in a network to a given target node t. We study two cases. In both, the protocol starts with each node possibly knowing some path to t, subject to conditions discussed in the paper. In the first case, the "withdrawal case," all edges incident to the target are cut. We prove that in this case, the protocol always terminates but may need exponential time to do so, if the nodes "fire" (i.e., execute) in an adversarially chosen order, even if the initial paths are shortest. If the graph is a clique, the protocol terminates in polynomial time. If, on the other hand, the nodes fire in random order, and the graph is arbitrary, then the algorithm terminates in polynomial expected time. In the second case, the "announcement case," in which new edges incident to t appear, we prove that the protocol terminates in polynomial time, regardless of the firing order.This protocol is interesting since it models the shortest-path protocol used by BGP, the interdomain routing protocol of the Internet, in the absence of policy.


Plant Physiology is one of the areas of Botany that is concerned with studying how plants grow, develop and function within their habitat. Endowed with many terms and processes, this area is seen by many students as complex and tedious. To circumvent this problem, the present work has as main objective to facilitate and motivate the learning of students in the discipline of Biology, in High School, more precisely within Plant Physiology, with regard to the topic of abiotic stress in maize plants (Zea mays L.) In this way, the proposed practical activity allows the student to work with simple and low-cost materials and to analyze the effects of abiotic stressors such as the salt stress factor, stress by extremely pH, acid pH and water stress in young maize plants. Thus, the practical activity in question allows to promote a greater interest of the students, facilitating the contextualization besides allowing the work of the scientific experimentation.


Clinical characteristics FREM1 autosomal recessive disorders include: Manitoba oculotrichoanal (MOTA) syndrome, bifid nose with or without anorectal and renal anomalies (BNAR syndrome), and isolated congenital anomalies of kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT). Diagnosis/testing The diagnosis of a FREM1 autosomal recessive disorder is established in a proband by identification of biallelic pathogenic variants in FREM1 on molecular genetic testing. Management Treatment of manifestations: Genetic counseling MOTA, BNAR syndrome, and FREM1-CAKUT are inherited in an autosomal recessive manner. At conception, each full sib of an affected individual has a 25% chance of being affected, a 50% chance of being an asymptomatic carrier, and a 25% chance of being unaffected and not a carrier. Once the FREM1 pathogenic variants have been identified in an affected family member, prenatal testing for a pregnancy at increased risk and preimplantation genetic diagnosis are possible.


We consider an exact mu-tau reflection symmetry in neutrino sectorrealized at the GUT scale in the context of the seesaw model with and without supersymmetry. Assuming the two lighter heavy Majorana neutrinos are degenerate at the GUT scale, it is shown that the renormalization group (RG) evolution from the GUT scale to the seesaw scale gives rise to breaking of the mu-tau symmetry and a tiny splitting between two degenerate heavy Majorana neutrino masses as well as small variations of the CP phases in Y_nu, which are essential to achieve a successful leptogenesis. Such small RG effects lead to tiny deviations of theta_{23} from the maximal value and the CP phase delta_{CP} from pi/2 imposed at the GUT scale due to mu-tau reflection symmetry. In our scenario, the required amount of the baryon asymmetry eta_B can be generated via so-called resonant e-leptogenesis, in which the wash-out factor concerned with electron flavor plays a crucial role in reproducing a successful leptogenesis. We show that CP violation responsible for the generation of baryon asymmetry of our universe can be directly linked with CP violation measurable through neutrino oscillation as well as neutrino mixing angles theta_{12} and theta_{13}. We expect that, in addition to the reactor and long baseline neutrino experiments, the measurements for the supersymmetric parameter tan{beta} at future collider experiments would serve as an indirect test of our scenario of baryogenesis based on the mu-tau reflection symmetry.


After several incidents or accidents, the most serious case being the one who struck the complex Skikda liquefied natural gas (GL1 / K) on January 19, 2004, the group Sonatrach sensitive to the incident has taken further steps along the lines of prevention safe knowing that the business risk is an integral part of the business industry and it is about health, safety, and environmental protection. These factors will be taken into account in the process of management and decision making at all levels. This study tries to find the causal factors of the explosion of 19 January 2004 (GL1 / K) and to develop a fault tree and assess the risks arising from these factors, why our research is based on interviews: at first, with an industrial safety engineer (Health, Safety, and Environment (HSE) Department, General Direction of Sonatrach), an executive director of insurance, a department head of insurance, an insurance consultant, a department head of downstream activity and two financial executives; secondly, a poll at the general direction with insurance adjusters and engineers in industrial safety; and finally a report may visit the complex which has been made (the report) 15 days before the explosion. The cause-effect diagram is used which is a cause-effect method both upwards (search for causes of failure) and down (search for consequences of failure) that can not only identify risks system and the detailed analysis, but also can describe the form of a single graph, both the normal operation of a system. The default trees developed show that all the risks assessed are located in areas: acceptable, undesirable, and intolerable, which requires the development of an action plan providing control measures at all sensitive points.


Preface Given today's technological advances and decreasing manufacturing cost, mobile robots are expected to be utilized in the near future in a wide range of applications to assist humans , in places like factories, hospitals, museums and households. Since roughly speaking a robot, just like a computer, is hardware (wheels, motors, manipulators, sensors, etc.) controlled by software, a useful robot must have hardware capable of performing the required physical actions and software capable of analyzing the sensor output and determining a good course of action for achieving the given goal efficiently in a given (possibly unknown) environment. Consequently, there are two general aspects of robotics research, one on hardware and one on software. In this note we focus on the latter, and give a brief overview of a research topic in mobile robot algorithm design that has received considerable attention in recent years — formation of geometric patterns by autonomous mobile robots under distributed control. Motion coordination and self-organization of mobile robots under distributed control have been a common research area in automatic control, robotics and computer science. Engineering motivations for investigating self-organization arise in designing algorithms for distributed systems such as mobile sensor networks and autonomous robot teams, where mobile agents are deployed to perform search, monitoring, exploration, etc., adaptively in an unknown environment. To motivate the pattern formation problem, consider the following scenario. Suppose that a school teacher wants her 100 children in the playground to form a circle. She could use " centralized control " by drawing a circle on the ground as a guideline or even giving each child a specific position to move to. Alternatively, she could use " distributed control " and obtain a fairly good approximation of a circle by asking each child to move adaptively, based on the movement of other children and his/her knowledge of the shape of a circle. We wish to solve such pattern formation problems for autonomous mobile robots, using the latter distributed approach. To simplify the discussion, we model each robot as a mobile automaton that repeats a " Look-Compute-Move " cycle in discrete time steps indefinitely. The robots are anonymous (i.e., they have no ID's and use the same algorithm), and may even be oblivious (i.e., they have no memory to remember the past). They do not have a common x-y coordinate system. Given a group of n such robots and a target geometric pattern F …


Irradiation of Si wafers for 5 to 10 sec with high intensity tungsten halogen lamps produces complete recovery of the displacement damage resulting from ion implantation. Data for two different thermal cycles are presented, with As and B implant doses ranging from 10 13 to 10 16 ions cm −2 . Sheet resistance measurements combined with Rutherford backscattering indicate full electrical activation of dopants with very little diffusion. Carrier lifetimes measured by a photoconductive method and by diode reverse recovery compare favorably with furnace annealing data, and capacitance transient spectroscopy reveals a low density of defects in the junction depletion region. These results combined with the inherent advantages of low cost and high efficiency make Rapid Thermal Annealing ideally suited for VLSI device fabrication.


Patterned thin film electrodes of platinum and silver have been obtained by printing techniques onto sodium perfluorosulphonate membranes to prepare ionic polymer–metal composite actuators. Metal adhesion has been improved by oxygen plasma activation of perfluorosulphonate. Plasma treatment produces oxygen‐containing functional groups at surfaces. Platinum‐patterned electrodes have been obtained by two methods: (i) ink‐jet printing solution of [Pt(NH3)4]++ 2Cl− followed by chemical reduction and (ii) carbon black complementary mask printing followed by platinum complex adsorption and reduction. Silver‐patterned electrodes have been obtained by ink‐jet printing of silver‐based nanoparticles ink sintered at 150 °C, ambient pressure for 1 h. The typical surface resistivity values of patterned electrodes are 5 Ω sq−1 for platinum and 0.5–1 Ω sq−1 for sintered silver, respectively. Perfluorosulphonate with platinum‐ and silver‐patterned electrodes shows electrical stimuli responsivity. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


This paper primarily introduces the vehicle brake system regulations of the Europe and the difference to Chinese relative standards,and points out some problems which are easily happened during the Europe certification brake test and their solutions based on a great deal of export certification tests.


Hate speech is one of the most discussed issue in our social political and religion hemisphere as it bounder on speech that carries out no meaning other than the expression of hatred for some group, such as particular race, this crime has be in existence since the time of colonial and pre-colonial day. The objectives which the communication is likely to promote violence, has this Hate Speech inconsistence with the grand norm and whether the crime been taken care of in our Panel Code and Criminal Code. This paper relies on primary and secondary sources of data for analysis which include Books, Article, 1999 Constitution, Direct Observation of Public and Social Phenomenon around the country. The research sets out among other thing, if Hate speech is encapsulated in Hate Crime, seduction and defamatory which is already taken care of in our Penal Code and criminal Code, which we believe is inconsistence with freedom of speech in 1999 Constitution. Conclusively Hate Speech is narrowly couch or restrict to some perceive opponent from criticism of the Government in power who has benefit from freedom of expression our recommendation is that Penal Code should be couch to include the mental element of offence of seduction which cover Hate Speech and Hate Crime should be promoted which is not inconsistence with the 1999 Constitution, the group who are promoting Hate Speech is for their interest to be protected, the sedition and defamatory has both civil and criminal element, and right of hostility than promote Hate Speech which encompassed into Hate Crime, it is duplicity of offence, in law.


Pancreatic cancer patients have a five-year survival rate of approximately 6%, far worse than any other common malignancy. Clearly a greater understanding of the multiple signaling pathways involved in pancreatic cancer progression is needed to develop more effective treatment for this devastating disease. Interleukin-11 (IL-11) is a member of the IL-6 class of cytokines and has been implicated in the development and/or progression of multiple human cancers. IL-11 promotes inflammation involved in tumor progression, cell migration and proliferation, differentiation of tumor cells in the tumor microenvironment, invasiveness, and survival. However, the role of IL-11 in pancreatic cancer is largely unknown. In this study, we show that the IL-11 ligand is overexpressed in pancreatic cancer. In cultured pancreatic cancer cells, IL-11 signaling activates the Akt, ERK, and Stat3 signaling pathways, yet IL-11 has no effect on cell proliferation or migration. We demonstrate that TGF-[Beta] increases IL-11 expression by pancreatic cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs), an effect mediated by the ERK signaling pathway. Our results thus far show IL-11 activates core oncogenic signaling pathways in pancreatic cancer cells and thus IL-11 signaling may help promote pancreatic cancer progression. Further studies are necessary to better define the oncogenic phenotypes impacted by IL-11 in the pancreatic cancer microenvironment


Last December, the Conseil d'Etat made a referral to the Constitutional Council for a preliminary ruling on the constitutionality of the guarantee of the rights and freedoms contained in the second paragraph of Article 34-2 of the Act of 30 September 1986. This provision requires cable operators and Internet access providers (IAPs) using the landline network to carry local public television services (local programmes on general channels, cable channels showing local news, and local channels) for their subscribers. There is a second side to this obligation: the cable operators and IAPs are also required to bear the cost of transport and distribution from the place of editing inherent in this obligation.


Canned ground beef containing 5.000.000 C. botulinum spores per gram was sterilized with between 3.80 and 3.85 megarad of gamma rays. Higher spore inocula would probably require higher sterilizbtion dosages. Botulinus toxin was regularly found in irradiation-sterilized and incubated cans of ground beef inoculated with 2,670.000 or more C. botulinum 62A spores per gram. The lethality of gamma rays for C. botulinum spores was found to be slightly dependent upon both the temperature during irradiation and the intensity of the radiation field. Canned peas, inoculated with C. botulinum spores, were more easily sterilized with combined irradiation-heat processing than by either form of energy alone. (auth)


© 2014 Harborside Press® S imulation-based education in medicine represents a teaching paradigm shift. David Gaba, associate dean for Immersive and SimulationBased Learning at Stanford University School of Medicine, describes simulation as a technique, not a technology, that recreates real patient experiences and gives participants the opportunity to learn concepts, develop skills, and practice without causing harm to the patient (Gaba, 2012). Research has shown simulation improves learning for both medical and nursing students in many different clinical domains (Gaba, 2012). Simulation can involve use of high-fidelity mannequins, role-playing, storytelling, or standard patient actors. Currently, there are no templates on how to do simulation training, but varied methods are used in medical schools, schools of nursing, and health-care organizations (Patow, 2005). Okuda et al. (2009) indicate a current trend of patient concern regarding being "practiced on" by medical or nursing students in the health-care setting. Simulation offers a vehicle for clinical outcome improvement along with a reliable learning outcome measurement. Participants in the simulation experience learn principles of teamwork and communication. Simulation can effectively assess knowledge gaps and provide a safe and supportive learning environment.


Glutamate is a major excitatory neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system. The excessive release of glutamate and exaggerated stimulation of post-synaptic glutamate receptors are involved in the process known as excitotoxicity. Excitotoxicity has been widely implicated in neuronal damage following an ischaemic episode and the ensuing reperfusion [ I ] . The neonatal brain is known to be more resistant to ischaemia and reperfusion (I/R)* although all of the mechanisms involved in this resistance are not fully understood.


In the field of computer aided surgery, augmented reality (AR) technology has been successfully used for enhancing accuracy of surgery and making surgeons convenient by visually assisting them in performing a number of complicated and time-consuming medical operations. However, there are still medical operations that do not receive the benefit of AR technology. As a representative one, surgeons still use an ink pen when they mark surgical targets for scheduling an operation. The ink pen is inconvenient because the mark drawn by the foreign matter is not easily modified or deleted. And the ink pen is also unlikely to be sanitary. In this paper, we propose an interactive user interface based on direct-projected augmented reality (DirectAR) technology for handling all these problems with the ink pen and its validity is shown in experimental results.


This paper argues for a risk-based security policy for our nation's airports. It reviews the two main tools necessary for a risk-based security model for U.S. airports. (1) A Pre-clearing system for a subset of low-risk air passengers. After passing the clearing system, these passengers can then have their boarding expedited. (2) A system for identifying high-risk passengers for intensified scrutiny. The system proposed for this high-risk scrutiny is called the Risk Screening System; and it would rely on information already in airline reservation systems. Therefore, it would not create any additional privacy concerns.


Greater scrutiny of CCM services could be on the way, perhaps even denials. So physicians should ensure they are coding the right way the first time.


In this study, we report on Si integration of BQ bSr0.4Ti03 (BST) thin film based microwave tunable devices by use of Ti02 films as microwave buffer layer between BST and Si substrates. Ti02 buffer layer were grown by Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD) onto Si substrates followed by Pulsed Laser Deposition (PLD) of EST thin films onto the TiOz buffer layer. The interdigital capacitor (IDC) fabricated on BST films grown on Ti02/high resistivity Si substrates showed much enhanced tunability value of 33.2% while retaining an appropriate Q factor, as compared to 21% value obtained with BST fiIms grown on MgO single crystal substrates. The microwave phase shifters were fabricated on BST thin films to investigate the potential feasibility of integrating BST films as microwave tunable devices. The phase shifter fabricated on BST films grown on TiOz/Si substrate showed better figure of merit (FOM) of 30,7"/dB, as compared to 12.l"idB of BSTMgO structure. ALD grown TiOz buffer layers enable successful integration of BST based microwave tunable devices onto high resistivity Si wafers.


The writing theory of humanism sprouted in the middle age of 1980s. It took the Marxist theory about the whole development of human being as the philosophic base, regarding the intelligent research of main part of writing as the core. The latent value of those theory has been ignored for a long time. To re realize the value of the writing theory of humanism is the necessity of building up the modern writing.


16S ribosomal DNAs( rDNAs) of total 91 samples of Frankia strains in root nodules from Alnus and Hippophae were ampilified by PCR with primer rDl and fDl .A fragment about 1500bp long was obtained.The amplicons were digest-ed by Hae III and Afa I together and run in agarose gels .As a result ,48 Alnus-infected Frankia were distinguished into three different groups and 43 Hippophae-infected Frankia into three different groups,respectively .The resultsshowed that there is great genetic diversity among the Frankia strains directly from root nodules.


January 2009 T decennial meeting of bishops of the worldwideAnglicanCommunion,knownastheLambethConference,has neverbeenimmunefromcontroversy.ArchbishopofCanterbury Charles Longley called for the first Lambeth Conference in 1867, in part to consider whether John Colenso, bishop of Natal in South Africa, had gone too far in accommodating Scripture and the teachings of the church to Zulu culture.1 While the "Colenso Affair" had significant missiological implications, the nature of the conference itself was also controversial. Not wanting to lend credibility to a centralization of episcopal power within Anglicanism, the then archbishop of York and the bishop of Durham, two of the most senior bishops in the Church of England, refused to attend.2 Thus, questions that swirled around the fourteenth Lambeth Conference (held last summer in Canterbury, England, July16–August3)—questionsrelatedtoscriptural interpretation, the nature of the church, the authority of the Lambeth Conference itself, and the lack of participation by some key bishops—were not at all new to this global gathering of Anglican bishops. What was new for the 2008 Lambeth Conference was how the conference chose to address these difficult issues. Eschewing established processes, the conference pursued a decidedly missiological vision in its design, processes, and content. The Design Group for the conference was motivated by a belief that the mission of God is to restore all people and all creation to right relation with God and each other through the life, death, and resurrection of Jesus Christ. Empowered by the Holy Spirit, the church is called to participate in the restoration and reconciliation of all people to unity with God and each other in Christ. Thus the unity of the church in service to God's promise of a restoredand reconciled creation is fundamentallyamissiological concern. Bishops participating in the 2008 Lambeth Conference would be invited to discover anew their unity with God and each other in Christ as leaders called to serve and extend the missio Dei. Centering the conference in the affirmation that the church and its leadership are fundamentally called to advance God's mission in the world, the aim of the 2008 Lambeth Conference was primarily to equip bishops as leaders in mission, thereby strengthening the Anglican Communion as a whole.


We demonstrate that the configuration interaction (CI) approximation recaptures essential features of the exact (Bethe-ansatz) solution to the one-dimensional (1D) Hubbard model. As such, it provides a valuable route for describing effects that go beyond mean-field theory for strongly correlated electron systems in higher dimensions. The CI method systematically describes fluctuation and quantum tunneling corrections to the Hartree-Fock approximation (HFA). HFA predicts that doping a half-filled Hubbard chain leads to the appearance of charged spin polarons or charged domain-wall solitons in the antiferromagnetic background. The CI method, on the other hand, describes the quantum dynamics of these charged magnetic solitons and quantum tunneling effects between various mean-field configurations. In this paper, we test the accuracy of the CI method against the exact solution of the one-dimensional Hubbard model. We find remarkable agreement between the energy of the mobile charged bosonic domain wall (as given by the CI method) and the exact energy of the doping hole (as given by the Bethe ansatz) for the entire $U/t$ range. The CI method also leads to a clear demonstration of the spin-charge separation in one dimension. Addition of one doping hole to the half-filled antiferromagnetic chain results in the appearance of two different carriers: a charged bosonic domain wall (which carries the charge but no spin) and a neutral spin-1/2 domain wall (which carries the spin but no charge).


AbstractA composite combination of nano-zero valent iron (nZVI) and granular activated carbon (GAC) was introduced to achieve nitrate transformation into nitrogen with minimum byproducts via chemical reduction. The results showed that nitrate removal was significantly intensified and GAC was an excellent partner of nZVI chemical reduction. Both the dispersion and long-term reactivity of nZVI were improved, and more than 80% of nitrate was removed at 10 g/L nZVI/GAC composite within 90 min in steady state. The byproducts of nitrite and ammonium formed in reduction process were below 0.008 and 0.04 mg/L, respectively, and nitrogen was the main end product, which was confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis. Moreover, the kinetic model of nitrate reduction by nZVI/GAC composite can be described well by pseudo-first-order reaction kinetic (R2 = 0.984). The intensification is closely related to the dispersion effect of GAC matrix to nZVI and the promotion effect to electrons transfer between nZVI...


Joint attention occurs when two (or more) individuals attend together to some object. It has been identified by psychologists as an early form of our joint engagement, and is thought to provide uswith an understanding of otherminds that is basic in that sophisticated conceptual resources are not involved. Accordingly, it has also attracted the interest of philosophers. Moreover, a very recent trend in the psychological and philosophical literature on joint attention consists of developing the suggestion that it holds partially in virtue of communication: it is because we share our thoughts or feelings about an object that our individual attention becomes joint. This paper unpacks the communicative suggestion in a way that accounts for joint attention's basicness.


In order to fully understand the evolution of the microphysics fields of cloud and the reaction between the cloud physics process and the thermodynamics,the simulated results using the mesoscale model MM5 were analyzeddetailedly.The simulated results using the mixed ice phase scheme was the best,because the simulated areas and values of this heavy rainfall were the quite close to the observed.There were no snow in the simulated results,and it was due possibly to the particular cloud microphysics field of South China.The simulated precipitationin each hour usualy weaken first and strengthen then,the physics variables of cloud had the same changes.Heat and vapor transported by the south jet stream were the premise of this rainfall,and latent heat made vertical motion stretched higher.


Genetic studies have implicated the early involvement of a gene on chromosome arm 9p in the development of cutaneous melanoma. We have performed loss-of-heterozygosity studies to confirm these original findings and identify the most frequently rearranged or deleted region of 9p. Eight markers were analyzed, including (from 9pter to proximal 9q) D9S33, the (-interferon (IFNBI) locus, the a-inter-feron (IFNA) gene cluster, D9S126, D9S3, D9S19, the glycoprotein 4(3-galactosylbtansferase (GGTB2) gene, and the argin-inosuccinate


A steady decline of perennial bunch grasses in arid rangelands has resulted in losses of productivity and germplasm. Remediation is costly and rarely successful. Cryptic symbiotic fungi, structurally integrated with cells and organs of native plants cannot be separated from host plant tissue. However, they were successfully transferred from cell cultures of native plants to other native grasses and tomato. Fungi in recipient plants were heritable and substantially enhanced vigor, biomass and reproductive potential. The transfer of novel fungal symbionts to other native or crop plants may offer an alternative method of improving plant performance without modifying native plant germplasm.


AbstrcatArt education aims to improve students' literature quality and develop their personality.Literature,as an important factor will aid us to accomplish our targets, and perfect personality as our aim we are seeking.There is obvious relationship between them.The functions of literature and personality perfection have enriched and enlarged the extent of art education.On the other hand,art education has enhanced the level of literature appreciation and extended the scope of literature understanding.


— This paper studies the identical synchronization in a complete network consisting of n nodes. Each node is represented by reaction-diffusion equations of Hindmarsh-Rose type which was simplified from the famous Hodgkin-Huxley model. They are connected by linear coupling. From this complete network, a sufficient condition on the coupling strength is identified to get the synchronization. The result shows that the complete networks synchronize more easily if they have more nodes. The paper also shows this theoretical result numerically and sees that there is a compromise. cable equation is investigated. This mathematical equation is derived from a circuit model of the membrane and its intracellular and extracellular space to provide a quantitative description of current flow and voltage change


To determine the impact of genes related to decidualization and immune cell activation as predictors for reproductive success.

 Women with unfavorable genetic profiles for Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA)-F and Killer Immunoglobulin-like Receptor (KIR) genes showed decreased pregnancy rates.

 KIR genes encode receptors present on uterine Natural Killer (uNK) cells that are essential during placentation and early gestation. It has been established that women of KIR AA genotype show lower reproductive success than KIR BX, due to the lack of activation of these immune cells. Additionally, another gene, HLA-F, expressed in endometrial cells, also seems to be involved in the recruitment and supplementary activation of uNKs. Certain alleles of this gene appear to decrease its expression in the uterus and hinder the processes in which it is involved during the decidualization process, decreasing implantation rates and increasing time-to-pregnancy.

 We conducted a prospective cohort study with 75 patients, with no history of recurrent miscarriage or implantation failure, who attended our institution to undergo assisted reproduction treatments (ART) with donated oocytes, between January 2021 and December 2022. By using the egg donation model, we were able to investigate the endometrial cell population avoiding the oocyte factor bias

 All patients included were under 45 years of age (40.5 ± 2.9 years), had a normal BMI (21.6 ± 1.9 kg/m2) and had not been diagnosed with uterine pathologies or immunological conditions. All recipients were genotyped for the KIR and HLA-F genes and pregnancy, miscarriage (MR) and live birth rates (LBR) obtained in their egg donation cycles were recorded. Fisher's test was used to determine statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) between groups

 Patients were divided into two groups according to their KIR genotype: 29 KIR AA (inhibitor) and 46 KIR BX (activator). In each group, allelic load was determined for the three HLA-F regions studied (RS1362126, RS2523405 and RS2523393). For all these regions, patients with favorable HLA-F alleles and KIR BX genotype had higher pregnancy rates than KIR AA patients with unfavorable HLA-F alleles (85.42 % vs 54.17% for RS1362126 region, OR = 4.956, p = 0.008; 83.33% vs 58.62% for RS2523405 region, OR = 3.529, p = 0.0295; 82.5% vs 57.69% for RS2523393 region, OR = 3.457, p = 0.0462). No significant differences were obtained for MR or LBR. This demonstrates the involvement of KIR and HLA-F in embryo implantation and that the coincidence of unfavorable alleles for both decreases reproductive success considerably, probably due to impaired decidualization and lack of uNK recruitment and activation.
 No significant differences were obtained for the rest of the genetic profiles, except when comparing pregnancy rate of KIR AA women with favorable HLA-F alleles to KIR AA women with unfavorable HLA-F alleles for the RS1362126 region (79.41% vs 54.17%, OR = 3.264, p = 0.04). The latter finding suggests that the lack of uNK cell activation, so evident in KIR AA patients, could be compensated by expressing favorable HLA-F alleles.

 The low sample size of this study does not allow us to compare groups taking into account other genes, such as embryonic HLA-C, which also, and in combination with KIR genotypes, has been shown to play a role in proper implantation and placentation.

 uNKs activation is required to promote embryo implantation. Combination of unfavorable genetic profiles involved in these immune mechanism leads to lower pregnancy rate. The study of these genetic profiles can help to predict reproductive success, thus identifying patients susceptible to receive immunological treatment before embryo transfer, possibly decreasing their time-to-pregnancy.

 Not applicable


Let f be a dominant meromorphic self-map on a compact Kahler manifold X which preserves a meromorphic fibration π : X → Y of X over a compact Kahler manifold Y. We compute the dynamical degrees of f in terms of its dynamical degrees relative to the fibration and the dynamical degrees of the map g : Y → Y induced by f. We derive from this result new properties of some fibrations intrinsically associated to X when this manifold admits an interesting dynamical system.


This paper reviews the benefits provided by the use of thrusting devices in medium to high angle and horizontal well bores, when used as part of a steerable drilling assembly. Results of evaluations are based on performance as related to penetration rate and down hole tool failure rates that usually requires a round trip. In all, eighty-five (85) bottom hole assembly (BHA) runs on three aggressive development projects for BPTrinidad were studied. Over 162,000 feet were drilled with 3,500 tool circulating hours accumulated since the study began in November 1997. Data was sourced from drilling ASCII data, daily drilling reports, directional well reports, measurement-while-drilling (MWD) and mud logging final well reports. It was concluded that when BHAs included a properly placed thrusting device, significantly improved penetration rates can be expected. This is especially the case when experiencing difficulties related to high hole angle problems. In using thrusting devices, a dramatic reduction in failure rates for down hole equipment was also seen, particularly with MWD and logging-whiledrilling (LWD) equipment. Introduction Thrusting devices were first used in BP-Trinidad's drilling operations with the start-up of the Mahogany A development in January 1998, offshore Trinidad. Subsequently, thrusting devices were used on the Immortelle Phase 4 development project offshore Trinidad. The use of thrusting devices became wide spread on these projects and continued to be used in the development of the Mahogany B project. Thrusting devices varying in design and manufacture were utilized on these projects. Many of the drilling projects in the Mahogany and Immortelle fields since January 1998 consisted of high angle wells drilled from new slots in underdeveloped horizons, with some of them being horizontal wells. Most of these wells were completed in 12-1⁄4" holes and sometimes 8-1⁄2" holes (laterals). Prior to the application of thrusting devices, much difficulty was experienced in meeting the objective of drilling the 12-1⁄4" hole section to casing point in one PDC bit run using water based drilling fluid. Prior to use of thrusting devices, the 12-1⁄4" hole objective had only been achieved once in the history of these projects. The normal well profile is for the 12-1⁄4" hole section to start vertically at approximately 4,000 feet and kick-off between 4,000 to 6,000 feet. The hole angle is then built to 25 – 70 degrees and held tangentially, or built to 90 degrees for an 8-1⁄2" hole size horizontal well. The difficulties encountered included weight-stacking, stick slip, excessive down hole torque, frequent motor stalling and poor sliding performance. Thrusting devices were considered initially for two primary reasons – to improve rate-of-penetration (ROP), and to reduce down hole tool failure (DTF). Drilling performance issues that were to be addressed by using thrusting devices included: • Reduce weight-stacking problems that are associated with PDC bits run with positivedisplacement-motors (PDMs) in high angle wells. • Improve the ability to maintain tool face and increase penetration rates during sliding / orienting intervals. • To reduce axial shock loads and reduce tool failures, particularly in the MWD/LWD equipment that have high cost and long turn around times. Results of this study show that thrusting devices impact favorably on these and other drilling environments. This study has two primary areas of focus. The first has to do with the evaluation of drilling performance and penetration rates hereafter referred to as the ROP Study, and the other having to do with the evaluation of down hole tool failures hereafter referred to as the DTF Study. Principles of Thrusting Devices Established benefits of thrusting devices are for improving drilling performance by applying consistent weight-on-bit (WOB). Other benefits provided by these tools is to help in reducing the common problems and AADE 01-NC-HO-34 Drilling Efficiencies Provided by Hydraulic Thrusting Devices Corles A. Giles, BP, Tony Seesahai, BP, John W. Brooks, Smith International Inc., Wilmark Johnatty, Trinpet 2 Corles A. Giles, Tony Seesahai, John W. Brooks, Wilmark Johnatty AADE 2001 equipment damages associated with high shock loading often seen in high angle wells. In most cases, the tool should improve the rate of penetration, extend bit life and extend the life of other components run in the bottom hole assembly. A thrusting device acts like a hydraulic piston pushing downwards when placed properly in the BHA. This axial force, both upwards and downwards, is created by the differential pressure losses of the bit nozzles and other bottom hole assembly components below the tool. The magnitude of the force produced by the tool is also a function of the fluid mandrel area (piston area) of the tool, since fundamentally: Force (lbf) = Pressure (psi) x Area (in) (1) The fluid mandrel piston area of the thrusting device discussed is variable depending on the tool size, from 5.6 in to 44.2 in, and will accommodate a wide range of drilling (or milling) applications. The axial motion from the bit is isolated from the rest of the drill string, which prevents further build-up of axial vibrations. The result is a constant WOB, and reduction in the shock loading created by bit bounce. Tool face control, weightstacking, and mud motor stalling problems normally associated with high angle wells will also be minimized with the use of a thrusting device. Study Objective The purpose of the study was to quantify what impact thrusting devices had on the drilling operations for three development platforms for BP in Trinidad. Thrusting devices were adopted to improve sliding in difficult mechanical conditions, and to help improve down hole tool (MWD, LWD, PDM and other BHA components) failure rates. After the first 12 months of using thrusting devices on two rigs involved, there was a need to document the results of using thrusting devices. This study was commissioned by BP-Trinidad (formerly Amoco Trinidad Oil Company) in December 1998, to determine the benefits of thrusting devices. The study was done over a three-year period covering most of the wells drilled on three platforms. As previously mentioned, eighty-five BHAs (drilling 162,000 feet) were studied. It was determined that statistical errors and other anomalies that could skew conclusions would have minimal impact due to the extensive data population. Data & Evaluation Methods The data is from wells drilled offshore Trinidad by BP over the period from November 1997 to March 1999. These wells were all deviated wells ranging from 16 to 90 degrees. The well types varied from gas completions to horizontal completions into oil reservoirs. The evaluation is an ongoing exercise for development projects at BP-Trinidad (and has continued over to the more recent Amherstia development project). General aspects of the data population are shown in Table 1. Note that the data population consisted of data collected from the12-1⁄4" and 8-1⁄2" hole sections only. Table 2 shows the scope of the data in terms of volume of data collected for the three platforms. Data type and its application in the study are shown in Table 3. The core of the ROP Study was based on mud logging ASCII data. Foot by foot penetration rates were averaged by sliding and rotating criteria. The data was averaged over various intervals for each BHA run and was plotted ROP versus measured depth (MD), similar to that shown in Figure 1. When processing the ASCII data, torque or RPM was used as a discriminant to determine whether the BHA was being rotated or slid. This data was averaged over 5, 20, and 100 foot intervals, and averaged for the entire BHA run footage. In almost every case, the relationship between ROP versus depth tended to follow a power law type of decay that could be represented by: ROP = k x (DEPTH) (2) Where k and n (decay factor) are power law constants for a given set of conditions. Obviously, this relationship could be better determined by using true vertical depth (TVD) and correcting for geological factors. This relationship should be expected since typically, formations become more difficult to drill and mechanical complications that reduce penetration rates surmount as the borehole deepens. Eventually, at certain depths, the difficulties associated with drilling deeper will affect all drilling parameters and approach some limit for these parameters. The rate of decay of penetration rate shown on graphs generated (similar to that of Figure 1) could be used to measure the loss of mechanical efficiency and natural inability to drill formations with depth. In addition to the ASCII drilling data, Bit and BHA run summaries were evaluated (from the daily drilling reports and directional drilling reports). Overall run ROPs (total footage divided by total on bottom hours) were compared with the foot by foot ASCII data. Sliding and rotating ROPs recorded in the directional drilling reports were also compared with the electronic data. There is sometimes ambiguity as to when an MWD or AADE 2001 DRILLING EFFICIENCIES PROVIDED BY HYDRAULIC THRUSTING DEVICES 3 motor failure has occurred. In some instances a trip is made for lack of MWD data, and later the run may not be classified as an MWD failure. Please refer to the notes below for clarification of failure modes. • An MWD Failure is when any of the vital sensors 1 stop transmitting data to surface in real time. If a trip was made for the lack of real-time data (unless it was later discovered that a surface problem existed), it was considered an MWD failure. • FE (Formation Evaluation) Failure is usually associated with LWD equipment or some formation measurement. When a sensor or part of the service has failed, it is considered an FE failure. • Motor Failures have to satisfy the following conditions: 1. Must be considered a failure by the motor company. 2. A trip must be necessary. 3. Unable to


OBJECTIVE
To generate normative data of the Verbal Fluency Test (VFT) and Boston Naming Test (BNT) for healthy older adults in Costa Rica.

METHOD
The sample consisted of 563 healthy Costa Rican adults aged 59-90 years (M = 67.15; SD = 7). Each participant was administered the VFT and BNT as part of a more comprehensive neuropsychological battery.

RESULTS
Multiple regression models showed a linear effect of education for all 4 phonological verbal fluency (PVF) scores, and a sex effect on VF P, with females performing better than males. The model predictors explained between 20.9% and 28.3% of the variance. In semantic verbal fluency (SVF) scores, linear effects of age and education were observed in all 4 subtests, such that word production decreased with increasing age and lower education. In addition, females scored better in all semantic categories except animals, where there was no effect of sex. The predictors of the model explained between 21.7% and 30.9% of the variance. In BNT, there was a linear effect of education and an effect of sex, so that males scored higher compared to females. The predictors of the model explained 9.6% of the variance.

CONCLUSION
This is the first study to generate normative data for VFT and BNT in older adults from Costa Rica. This data will allow neuropsychologists in the region to perform assessment and diagnostic processes with greater accuracy.


Researches from the domain of our journalism's history have been focused especially on literary press, monographs of certain publications, precise studies related to a historical moment or a historical stage, and article analysis. The economical problem, probably the most important, kept being bypassed even if it still submits proof of a matter-of-course relationship between demand and supply. In this historical sketch I sought to emphasize precisely the costs for the existence of certain publications in hopes that other researchers will find this point of view as interesting.


A new method is proposed to develop a test system about a kind of automatic pilot. With the help of Real-Time Windows Target Toolbox in MATLAB. operating on PC cards is very simple. Using the components like data acquisition cards basing on SimuLink Toolbox of MATLAB,a real-time simulink model can be built easily. A graphic user interface is developed with the GUI tool in MAT-LAB. When developing a test system, in addition to using the advantage in computing and displaying of MATLAB, operating on hardware is also supported. The final result validates the feasibility and facility of this method.


Review of Diane E. Goldstein, Sylvia Ann Grider, and Jeannie Banks Thomas. Haunting experiences: Ghosts in contemporary folklore. Logan: Utah State University Press, 2007, paperback, $24.95 (272p) ISBN 978-0-87421-636-3.


Several tetralins, tetrahydrophenanthrenes, and dihydroanthracenes were synthesized, /sup 13/C spin-lattice relaxation measurements were carried out on aromatic and hydroaromatic compounds. /sup 13/C chemical shift studies were also conducted on methylated 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalenes, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydrophenanthrenes, and 9,10-dihydroanthracenes. (DLC)


With the continuous development and improvement of higher education and vocational education,more and more hearing-impaired students enter into higher institutions to learn the art of photography,but a lot of problems encountered in the actual learning process.Due to listening defects of hearing impaired students,so that there are communication barriers between them with the regular students and teachers.College photography teacher must understand the physical and psychological characteristics of students with hearing impairments,analyze the pros and cons of factors,use emotional intuitive and inspiring teaching methods to help the hearing-impaired students to master photography,improve photographic aesthetic ability and creativity.


Queensland's organised crime legislation grants police wide discretionary authority to issue consorting warnings which can criminalise associations. The Act does not require evidence that the association is connected to a criminal activity before the warning can be issued. This article applies Schneider's theory of discretion and rules to these laws to demonstrate that they lack the appropriate "mixture" of the two. They excessively favour discretion, creating a substantial risk that the disadvantages of discretion will eventuate and the advantages of rules will be undermined. Moreover, it is likely that vulnerable groups will be disproportionately affected by the laws. A clear rule requiring a nexus between the association and a criminal activity would mitigate these risks, while still facilitating police in preventing serious and organised crime. This finding is relevant to Queensland and other Australian jurisdictions that have or are considering implementing comparable consorting offences.


We make use of Shannon entropy (S) and Fisher information (I) to study the response of atomic density profiles of a spin-orbit coupled Bose-Einstein condensate to changes in the wave number (κL) of the Raman laser that couples two hyperfine states of atoms in the condensate. The choice for values of κL, the so-called spin-orbit parameter, and Rabi frequency (Ω) leads to two distinct regions in the system's energy spectrum with different order parameters and/or probability densities. In addition, we can have a spatially modulated density profile, reminiscent of the so called stripe phase. Our numbers for S and I demonstrate that for κL < Ω (region 1) the density profile becomes localized as κL increases while we observe delocalization in the density distribution for κ 2 L > Ω (region 2) for increasing values of κL. In the stripe phase the nature of S and I to changes in κL is similar to that found for the condensate in region 2. The results for information theoretic quantities in the stripe phase are, in general, augmented compared to those of region 2. In particular, the highly enhanced values of position-space Fisher information imply an extremely concentrated atomic density distribution to provide an evidence for supersolid properties of Bose-Einstein condensates in the presence of spin-orbit coupling.


This paper based on constructing comprehensive evaluation indicators systems of social security and economic development,then caculated the coordinated degree and gave an on the causes of social security and economic development.The results showed:the regional difference of coordination degrees is great,the social security in the eastern and most middle provinces fall behind the level of economy,but the western provinces are just the opposite,the social security is higher than the economic development.The on the causes showed that the economic development level,urbanization level,per capita financial expenditure on social security,and ownership structure are the critical factors affecting on social security.


SINCE THE MID-1960s, scientists have debated whether low-level electromagnetic fields generated by power lines represent a health hazard. Recent studies suggesting possible links between electromagnetic exposure and cancer have drawn renewed attention to this controversy. For years, researchers have hypothesized links between electromagnetic fields and a variety of disorders ranging from malignant melanoma to mental illness. British investigators have suggested a link between electromagnetic exposure and suicide, while a Russian study indicated cardiovascular changes in electrical workers. At least one literature review, by a London utility company scientist, discounted these and other associations ( JR Soc Med 1982;75:933-941). But epidemiologic and other studies have continued. Among the Latest In one of the latest laboratory studies, investigators at the University of California, Riverside, say their work indicates exposure to common sources of low-energy electromagnetic radiation—including overhead power lines— may promote growth of malignant tumors. However, they add that "the research is not


BODY: Abstract Body: Background: Antibiotic perturbations of the gut microbiota have been associated with Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI). Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) treats recurrent CDI, however there are concerns regarding its safety, reproducibility, composition, and stability. Mechanisms of FMT have not yet been elucidated, and mechanistic studies are challenging in vivo. Samples from CDI patients prior to FMT are collected shortly after stopping antibiotics, meaning researchers see bacteria/metabolites increasing post-FMT that may not be important for resolving the disease. We used an in vitro model to study the effects of FMT and identify bacterial metabolites that are important in CDI pathogenesis. Methods: A CDI chemostat model was used to test the effects of FMT under strictly controlled conditions (n=3). In each experiment 2 vessels were inoculated with feces and allowed to stabilise. Then, C. difficile spores were introduced and the vessels dosed with clindamycin for 7 days. Next, microbial communities were again allowed to stabilise. Then, we tested a single dose of FMT preparation into one vessel against saline in the other vessel. The following analyses were performed: C. difficile total viable counts (TVC), C. difficile spore counts, 16S rRNA gene sequencing, 16S rRNA gene qPCR, liquid chromatography mass spectrometry-based bile acid profiling, and 1H-NMR spectroscopy. We performed batch culture experiments to directly investigate how specific metabolites affected C. difficile growth. Results: FMT resulted in a 93.6% reduction in C. difficile TVC (p=0.025) and an 85.8% reduction in spores (p=0.034). During antibiotics C. difficile TVC had strong positive correlations with taurocholic acid (r=0.68, p=6.29x10-4) and cholic acid (r=0.61, p=0.003), and strong negative correlations with deoxycholic acid (r=-0.75, p=8.86x10-5), and lithocholic acid (r=-0.76, p=6.36x10-5) (Figure 1). After stopping antibiotics, bile acids recovered to pre-antibiotic levels and were not affected by FMT. Batch culture experiments showed taurocholic acid is required for C. difficile germination but has no effect on vegetative growth. During antibiotics C. difficile TVC negatively correlated with valerate (r=-0.59, p=0.005) and positively correlated with 5-aminovalerate (r=0.54, p=0.01) (Figure 2). Following FMT C. difficile TVC had a strong negative correlation with valerate (r=-0.67, p=0.0001) and a strong positive correlation with 5-aminovalerate (r=0.76, p=6.07x10-6). Batch culture experiments with C. difficile ribotypes 010, 012, and 027 showed valerate decreased vegetative growth. Conclusions: Our data shows that manipulating the levels of key bile acids during antibiotic exposure could inhibit C. difficile spore germination and prevent CDI. Valerate may also be a useful intervention that could be given to patients to inhibit C. difficile vegetative growth.


Abstract The F(ab′)2fragment of a monoclonal antibody to the platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor (7E3) is a potent inhibitor of both in-vitro platelet aggregation and in-vivo platelet thrombus ...


This article describes a design and features of a multi-core unit for performing computing operations required for artificial neural network functioning. Its purpose is to speed up computing operations of the neural network. The number of computing cores can be altered as needed to achieve the required performance. VHDL language has been used to build this module. It has been optimized for the Spartan-3 family FPGA chips from Xilinx. These chips are favorable because of their low price and a high number of on-chip multipliers and block memory units. Spartan-3 chips facilitate parallel computing operations within neural networks to a very high level and thus help to achieve high computing power.


Executive Summary This paper addresses the question of 'Return on Investment' in testing tools. It looks at the subject from two perspectives: the tangible and the intangible. Under tangible benefits, measurable short-term (single project) cost-savings are considered. Intangible benefits, which include longer-term gains such as reduced maintenance costs, corporate reputation and similar factors, are also discussed. IPL is an independent software house founded in 1979 and based in Bath. IPL was accredited to ISO9001 in 1988, and gained TickIT accreditation in 1991. Both Cantata++ and AdaTEST 95 have been produced to these standards. This document is the copyright of IPL Information Processing Ltd. It may not be copied or distributed in any form, in whole or in part, without the prior written consent of IPL. All trademarks acknowledged. Cantata and AdaTEST are registered trademarks of IPL Information Processing Limited.


Upon exposure to CO_2, pseudo-tetrahedral iron(I) supported by 1;PhBP^R_33;- ligands (where 1;PhBP^R_33; =1;PhB(CH_2PR2)_33;-, and R = CH_2Cy, ^iPr, and Ph) effects either the reductive cleavage of CO_2 via O-atom transfer or reductive coupling of CO_2 to give an oxalate. THF solns. of 1;PhBP^(CH2Cy)_33;Fe(I) gives rise to the structurally unprecedented- Fe_2(μ-O)(μ-CO), whereas 1;PhBP^(CH2Cy)_33;FePPh_3 gives a bridging oxalate species.
In situ sodium/amalgam redns. of 1;PhBP^R_33;FeCl under an atm. of CO_2 again gives Fe_2(μ-oxalate) for R =CH_2Cy, but gives a Fe_2O species as the major product for both R = -^iPr and Ph.


A robust zero-watermarking algorithm is proposed based on merging features of sentences for Chinese text document authentication. In the scheme, a text is first segmented into sets of sentences, where a semantic code for every word can be obtained. Then the sentence entropy is calculated by the frequency of semantic codes, and the sentence relevance is calculated by the semantic similarity between words through the tree structure of words in Tongyici Cilin. By employing the sentence entropy, the sentence relevance, and the sentence length, a weighting function is used to obtain the final weight of each sentence. The nouns and verbs of the high weight sentences are selected to construct a watermark, which is encrypted and registered with a trusted third party called Certificate Authority (CA). To resolve disputes, the similarity between the watermark generated from the suspicious text and the watermark from CA is calculated. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm offers better performance in terms of imperceptibility and robustness than other available algorithms.


The NRDC analysis examines the changing climate for coal production and use in the United States and China, the world's two largest producers and consumers of coal. The authors say that the current coal fuel cycle is among the most destructive activities on earth, placing an unacceptable burden on public health and the environment. There is no such thing as 'clean coal.' Our highest priorities must be to avoid increased reliance on coal and to accelerate the transition to an energy future based on efficient use of renewable resources. Energy efficiency and renewable energy resources are technically capable of meeting the demands for energy services in countries that rely on coal. However, more than 500 conventional coal-fired power plants are expected in China in the next eight years alone, and more than 100 are under development in the United States. Because it is very likely that significant coal use will continue during the transition to renewables, it is important that we also take the necessary steps to minimize the destructive effects of coal use. That requires the U.S. and China to take steps now to end destructive mining practices and to apply state of the art pollution controls, including CO{submore » 2} control systems, to sources that use coal. Contents of the report are: Introduction; Background (Coal Production; Coal Use); The Toll from Coal (Environmental Effects of Coal Production; Environmental Effects of Coal Transportation); Environmental Effects of Coal Use (Air Pollutants; Other Pollutants; Environmental Effects of Coal Use in China); What Is the Future for Coal? (Reducing Fossil Fuel Dependence; Reducing the Impacts of Coal Production; Reducing Damage From Coal Use; Global Warming and Coal); and Conclusion. 2 tabs.« less


The human gait cycle is incredibly efficient and stable largely because of the use of advance visual information to make intelligent selections of heading direction, foot placement, gait dynamics, and posture when faced with terrain complexity [Patla and Vickers 1997; Patla and Vickers 2003; Matthis and Fajen 2013; Matthis and Hayhoe 2015]. This is behaviorally demonstrated by a coupling between saccades and foot placement.


In this interview, Dr. Ivan Borrello talks about a new approach to treating multiple myeloma at the American Society of Hematology Annual Meeting, held December 3–6, 2016.


The goal of this study was to provide basic data for various parts of
 Rhus verniciflua (R. verniciflua), and
 based on these data, to suggest the parts thereof that may be used as food
 material along with the xylem. Analysis of the proximate compositions revealed
 that the leaves contained mainly carbohydrates; the shoots crude protein; and
 the stems and seeds contained mainly crude fiber. All these parts were found to
 be rich in potassium and magnesium in terms of their mineral content. The total
 urushiol content was the lowest in the seeds at 0.92 mg/100 g. The total
 polyphenol and flavonoid content were highest in the shoots and leaves,
 respectively. Physicochemical analysis indicated that the seeds may be used as a
 food material, along with the xylem. According to DPPH and ABTS scavenging
 activity analysis, 50% ethanol was considered appropriate as a solvent
 for seed extraction. Cytotoxicity analysis of the seeds extracted with
 50% ethanol confirmed that none of the components were present at
 cytotoxic levels. The findings of this study provide basic information regarding
 the use of R. verniciflua seeds as a food source.


In India, there is a drastic increase in the rehabilitation and retrofitting of existing structures compared to demolition. In the current paper, the performance of basalt fiber as a strengthening material in concrete structures for retrofitting application is explored using finite element method rather than the costly experimental method. The model is developed using Jhonson cook's model and is compared with the experimental results for its validation. JC model incorporated with master-slave interaction between concrete-binder and fabric -binder have been modelled as shell elements which replicate the actual scenario of tension or compression only. Analytical models have been emerged as a powerful solution for experimenting stress-strain analysis in composites.


ERPERALinfection may be defined as an invasion of the genital tract by pathogenic organisms during pregnancy, labor or the puerperium. Descriptions of this disease have been found in the earliest medical records and it has undoubtedly existed since the origin of the human race. Limitation of time prevents a review of the long history of the struggle of the physician to explain and conquer this most frequent complication of pregnancy and compels me to proceed at once to a discussion limited to certain aspects of this condition. Before considering the disease itself it would be well to review briefly from the point of view of infection, the conditions which exist in the genital tract during pregnancy, labor and the puerperium. under normal circumstances. The two chief points to be emphasized are the presence of organisms in or about the genital tract and the changes brought about by labor and delivery which favor the onset of infection.


This article presents a project that comprises a series of inquiries of such ingenious everyday items as the match. Each proposed issue is linked to a chemical substance and/or a process required to enable a match to provide fire instantly.


Moving Averages is a technique used in measurement of trend by smoothing out the fluctuation of the data by eliminating the oscillatory movements. It will give the accuracy of the smoothing obtained depends on the number of available data sets. In this article,an attempt was made to estimate the modified moving average value generator for construction and selection of sampling plans for attribute inspection scheme indexed through the MAAOQ over Moving Average. We compare the constructed sampling plans indexed through MAAOQ over Moving Average with the basic sampling plans indexed with AOQL. And also obtain the performance of the operating characteristic curves.


We explore the recently discovered spatial solitons in photorefractive materials,1 where the shape of a light beam modulates the refractive index via the photorefractive effect, and results in an exact compensation for the effects of diffraction, causing the light beam to be self trapped. We study the spectrum of the possible soliton solutions and their characteristics. We derive the material properties and the magnitude of the externally applied electric field, required for experimental demonstrations. Finally, we discuss the unique properties of these photorefractive solitons, such as their independence of the absolute light intensity and their ability to afford gain (or loss).


With the development of the air transport industry, air traffic flow increased significantly, conflict detection becomes an important part of the Next Generation Air Transportation System (NextGen). This paper is proposed a probabilistic conflict detection algorithm based on the 4D trajectory prediction. The relative distance of two aircraft can be represented by a Gaussian random variable and the problem of conflict probability calculation is express as tail probability of the quadratic form of Gaussian random variables, and solved by saddlepoint approximation. The efficiency and accuracy of the proposed method is demonstrated through a pairwise aircraft encounter scenario.With the development of the air transport industry, air traffic flow increased significantly, conflict detection becomes an important part of the Next Generation Air Transportation System (NextGen). This paper is proposed a probabilistic conflict detection algorithm based on the 4D trajectory prediction. The relative distance of two aircraft can be represented by a Gaussian random variable and the problem of conflict probability calculation is express as tail probability of the quadratic form of Gaussian random variables, and solved by saddlepoint approximation. The efficiency and accuracy of the proposed method is demonstrated through a pairwise aircraft encounter scenario.


This article attempts to explore the genesis of such concepts as an "ecosystem", "university ecosystem" and a "hackathon system". The study offers an overview of the fundamental differences between these ecosystems which has revealed that a landscape of the socioeconomic background could be represented as a set of industry ecosystems – a certain force field able to integrate localized groups of organizations, business models, markets, networks, supply chains, innovation projects, infrastructure systems, etc. Apart from the above, the study discusses the specifics of shaping the boundaries of the university ecosystem as well as demonstrates that the hackathon system is an element of the overall innovative ecosystem of a higher education institution which in the framework of this study is viewed as a multi-subject system operating within the common domain (managed by a coordinating entity that acts as a core of an organization) with the aim of materializing a value proposition as an outcome of intellectual engagement, where the domain is the HEI environment, the coordination subject is the HEI, and the value proposition is an innovation or an innovative solution. According to the research findings, the university environment is a three-loop space consisting of micro-, meso- and macroloops. It is argued that the university hackathon ecosystem covers not only university structural units which are directly or indirectly involved in innovative activities (e. g., faculties, research laboratories, research groups, employment centres, business incubators, etc.) but also other independent business entities that are not directly related to university activities (such as small innovative enterprises, funds, licensing and certification agencies, expert commissions and others).


The reactions of 5-nitro-3-thienylethyl chloride and acetate with lithium 2-nitropropan-2-ide (1)give excellent yields of the C-alkylate, 4-(1,2-dimethyl-2-nitropropyl)-2-nitrothophen, by the SN(AEAE)mechanism. The cyano group is not a sufficiently activating substituent to support the SN(AEAE)process and 4-cyano-2-thienyl-methyl and -ethyl chlorides with the salt (1) give O-alkylated products by an SN2 mechanism. The occurrence of SN (AEAE) reactions with other nucleophiles is difficult to prove but benzenethiolate and 4-nitro-2-thienylmethyl acetate do react by this mechanism to give a moderate yield of 4-nitro-2-thienylmethyl phenyl sulfide.


Over the past 50 years, a number of papers have been published in an attempt to determine what factors make an employee happy and satisfied versus those factors that lead to dissatisfaction and poor performance. Perhaps the two most prominent authors are Frederick Hertzberg and Abraham Maslow. While Maslow first published his hierarchy of needs, Herzberg extended that work, developing his own needs model. The two models compare quite closely, with minor differences in the words used to define the separate levels of an individual's feeling of satisfaction on the job.


In this note the concept of discretising the pile into virtual parts is introduced in order to derive an analytical solution that describes three-dimensional propagation of waves in piles during lo...


. We introduce the vanishing adsorption criterion for contact discontinuities and apply it to the Glimm-Isaacson model of chemical flooding of a petroleum reservoir. We prove that this criterion, which derives from a physical effect, justifies the admissibility criteria adopted previously by Keyfitz-Kranzer, Isaacson-Temple, and de Souza-Marchesin for models such that the fractional flow function depends monotonically on chemical concentration. We also demonstrate that the adsorption criterion selects the undercompressive contact discontinuities required to solve the general Riemann problem in an example model with non-monotone dependence.


The studies discussed in the second part of this review confirm the recent tendency towards an exegetical method and interpretation that takes particular interest in the Fourth Gospel in its final canonical stage. Without rejecting diachronic approaches in principle, those studies that prefer a synchronic view usually challenge literary criticism, source criticism, 'Religions-geschichte', and redaction criticism. Meanwhile the readers and hearers find themselves engaged in the exploration of a world of meaning that is rooted in the text itself.


cases treated by the plhysician anid general practitioner, anld to tlle varied forms of trauimatic fever which, tinder the head of py-cemia, faIl more frequently unider the care of the operating surgeon than of the obstetrician, I wrish particularly to impress upon all wito lhoniour me by their attention, that my object is rather to elicit than to imIart information; to call forth the stores of knowledge now latenlt in the Society, to ask for the resutlts of your observation, rather thani to attempt to add to the knowledg.-e of the Fellow-s by anly contributioni of my own. It has been the cnstomn of the Society in whose room we meet to ,tiuntilate the Fellow's to eniriclh the 7T-ansct,ions by papers of original esearch anid sterling valuie; to make this one of the chief objects of the Society; and, if not directly to discourage, certainly not to encourage, ftill or exlhaustive discussions at the meetings. I have lonig felt, anid lhave publicly expr-essed my conviction, that this course might be amended with great advantage to all medical societies, and to the advancement of medical scienice and practice; and I had some small share, in the. earliest of the preliminiary meeting-s of th-is Society-I may say even lbefore the Society was conistituited-in determininig that in otIIu Tansactions there .should be a permanent record not only of the papers read before the Society, but of the discussions to which the papers gave rise. Ihis custom lhas ever since been honoured in the observance, and the example is now being followed by other societies. If I am not greatly mixtaken, the discussion on Pytemia in the seventh volume of the Taonsectionts of the Clinical Society will be referred to hereafter with more initer-est and profit thani any of the papers in that or in any of the earlier voltumes of that Society's 7Yahnsactions; and the discussion oni Canicer in the twenity-fifth volume of the Tr-ansactions of the Pathological Society w as most certainily as great an addition to the value of that vollumne as onie cotild w%ell imagine, until last nigiht many of us heard the opening addiess of Dr. Bastian on a subject closely allied to somne of the questions which I have to bring before you this eveninig, anid the admirable speeclh of D)r. Sanderson in commencingr the discussion, both ftull of (lep tlhought, and eminently characteristic of the tendencies of otir age anid our niation to reject any thleory which is not stipported by facts, and to bring the highest developments of science to our help in the nieeds of daily life. Tlh-se discussionis lead to the almost lpainful reflection, lhow greatly would the value of the earlier voluines of the Afcdico-Ch/iiiu;-ricl Triansactions have been increased, if sve had nowT niot onily a copy of the papers read, but a report of tlie coimmiiienits they called forth froinsBaillie and Halford; from Cliine, Cooper, and Aberictliy; from Tr-avers, Br-odie, and Law'rence; fromn Brighit andI Addison. Th'el marble btusts of these great men of the past n1ow surroutd us; but the woikers of the present and the future cani fiuid no record of what they lhave said lhere, and can onlly regret that, while their form anid features are preserved by the sculptor, their thoughdts have not beeni embalnsed by the reporter and the priinter. Who of us can tell What he had been, had Caditns never taught 'mo iiian the magic that embalms the thought?" As I have reason to believe that the discussion this evening will he fully anid acctirately reported, and will be preserved in our Trantsacticns, I imtist nosy aslk you to par-don these few prefatory remnarks, and also to forgive me if I veniture to express the hope that, as tIme subject of puerperal fever is niot of less interest than that of cancer, is closely allied wvith pyzemia and with the relationi of bacteria to contagious and infectious dliseases, it wvill be debated with as much ability ancI as complete freedom from any other than purely scientific and truthful feeling, as have characterisedI the discussions at the Clinical and the Pathological Societies. If you permit me to consider wlhat I have so far said as introductory, and to commence the subject of puerperal fever now, I hope I shall niot encroach upon your time beyond the fifteen minutes within which limit I have tried to condense what I wish to say. In order that some definite directioni mighilt be taken in this inquiiy, attention has been already publicly requested to six leading questions. The first, second, anid third are so closely allied, that I will, if you please, read them together now. I. Is there aniy form of conitiniued fever, communicated by contagion or infectioni, and occurring in conniectior, with childbirth, W'hich is distinctly caused by a special morbid poison, and as clefiniite in its pi-ogress and the local lesionis associated with it as typhus or typhoidc scarlet fever, measles, or small-pox ? 2. May all forms of puerperal fever be referred to attack-s of somle infective continued fever-as scarlet fever or measles-occurring in connection wvith childbirth on the one hand; or, on the other, to some form of surgical fever, or to er-ysipelas, caused by or associatedl w%ith changes in the uterus and neighbouringpar-ts follow^ing the process of childbirth ? 3. If all cases of contagious and infectious diseases w%vhich occutr under otlher conditions tlhani that of clhildbirith are set aside, ,loes thele remain aniy such disease as puerperal fever? In fiamiug these questions, after searcliing for ani accurate definition of the tei-m pluerperat fever, or for some sliort description of this as (listinguislhed fromi other forml-s of continued fever, I have taken, as the Most acCui-ate and comprehensive, the (lefinitionl from the Nonmenclatture of l)iscascs drawrn ul) by a Comimittee atppoiisted by the London College of Physicians (for which deifinition I believe the Committee are indebted to Dr. Artlhur Faire). It is this: " A conitintued fever, comn.u nicable by contagion, occurringiJ in conniiection with childhbith, and often associated with extensive local lesionis, especially of the uiterine system. To this definitioin, this v-er-y impoirtant izlee is added : " In returning cases of puerpeial fever, the miiore importanit local lesion's, suiclh as peritot-iitis, effusionis into serouis anid synovial cavitics, plhlebi is, and diifole suppuration, slhould be specified." lIere, tlheni, we are led, on. the authority of the most distinguishlied obstetric teaclher of his day, suipported by a committee appoinite(l by the Royal College of Physicians of Lonidlon, to the coniclision that in puerperal fever -e l have a contagious conltilued fever oftlst associated with the imi-iportanit local lesions jtust eniumerated ; iot oa'oys, but often. You mavy then, acco;.ding to this definition, halve this contagious fever writhout these local lesions. The poisoni miay lie so poteint, or thle lose so large, that it may kill befoie thlere is timiie for the development of the local lesion ; or the do(e miay be so small-l, or the poison 51) feeble, that it oinly pr-oduces some tr-ansienit clevation of temperati7re. some greater rate in pulse anid respiration, some incr-eased action of skini, kidneys, anid howvels, and the morbicd matelial is eliminated befole any local lesioni is established. B3ut I mtist ask you to say if, in your explericnce, you ever saNsv such a case wvhich cotldl niot, onl carefuli inqtuiry, he traced to exposure of the patient to some one or othelof the conitagious or iiifectious fevers-to scarlet fever or diplhtheria--to measles or small-pox ? I necl not remind you low these dliseases are initensified or moclified by the plerperal cond(lition ; anid I procee(l to ask if, in any case where puerperal fever could not lbe provedl to be really scarlet fever, diplhtheria, measles, or small-pox occurring in conniection Nwith childhirth, it was n1ot a traumatic or surgical fever, crysipelas, p)y.iia, or septicTemia; the local lesions associated with the fever assuming i-atlier a primary than a secondary importance in the chain of scquenice. Timiie cloes not permit me to center on the very important practical pIiestion as to the sole dependlenice of crysipelas upon a specific mc-iloirl poison. W\hetlher this pecul iar inflammation of the skin and celltlar tiisite, tendinng to spiread in(lefiniitely and preceded or accomplanietd Iby fever, canl arise froin the spontaneous generationi in the hiuim1an1 body of a poison communicable by contagion; or, w%hether a poison capal)le of producing erysipelas exists at all times in varying quantity somlew hei,rea(ly to incrcase an( multiply under farvoural)e coni ditions; or, w liethei (as somiie believe) erysipelas mliay arise independently of any poisonious influenice from writhout, we need not inquire now. 1Jije important fact for us now is, that erysipelas often attacks the parts cencerned in the process of childbirth, anid that the fever wIhich accompanies it, intensifie(d by the piucrpelral condlition, is a very fatal form of one of tile diseases conifouincled together utider the ter-m puerperal fever. Set asidIe the inifectious fev-is alnd crysipelas occuri-ing in connection with childbirth; and theni wve comie to the local lesions associated Nvith puerpeil-l fever, ancl w%e ask what relationis this fever and the local lesions bear to each other. 13uises or tears of the genital canal or perinxum; inflainmation, anid the productioni of pyrogenic liquids or solids, w%Ahich mav contain both bacteria anid some poisonious nmaterial or particles which have the poiwer of impregnation ; diphtheritic exudation on the mucous membrane of the uterus and vagina, especially on the place of the separated placenta, and plugging of the lymphatic vessels with granular 501


The Nannihu Mo(molybdenum) ore in Luanchuan County, Henan Province is very famous in the world because of its big scale, high quality, easily mining and dressing. It is one of the most important places producing molybdenum in China and even in the world. Resent years, during the geological survey, the Skarn Pb-Zn ore was found firstly around the old Mo ore. The Pb-Zn ore appears in the layered skarn rock. It is layered with big thickness and wide distribution, and controlled by the Mid-Late Proterozoic marble strata. Its formation has relationship with the little granites in Yanshan period. This kind of ore is a big goal of prospecting.


A comparison of the Knight shift and susceptibility of dilute Co impurities in a wide variety of nonmagnetic metal hosts demonstrates that crstal field and orbital splitting of the Co ionic levels cannot be neglected, as is done in most theoretical treatments of the subject. The crystal field level splitting of the 4F Hund's rule ground state is at least a few tenths of an eV in low temperature noble metal hosts for which the characteristic coupling energy kTK to conduction electrons is 0.1 eV or smaller. In liquid metal hosts, crystal field effects appear to be small. Data on polyvalent liquid metals indicate that one or more ionic orbitals lie about 0.3 eV above the 4F level and are populated when kTK is large. The level could be either a 4P or 5D ionic level, corresponding respectively to intra‐ to interconfiguration mixing in the polyvalent host metals.


In order to ensure that Chinese economy develops toward the mainstream direction of low-carbon economy, we can exert government-leading function to realize the adjustment of tax revenue on economic development. On the basis of the current situation of Chinese economic development and low-carbon economic construction, this paper explains the concept and essence of low-carbon economic development, analyzes the factors influencing low-carbon economic development in terms of tax revenue, and discusses the specific measures of tax revenue innovation under low-carbon economy system.


. Analytical relations for the strain tensor components caused by acoustic waves with arbitrary wave vector directions in crystals are derived. Our approach involves standard rotation matrices and cross sections of the indicative surfaces of Christoffel tensor, which are made by the planes perpendicular to the wave vectors.


One of the most significant challenges for the emerging operational environment addressed by Multi-Domain Operations (MDO) is the exchange of information between personnel in operating environments. Making in- formation available for leveraging at the appropriate echelon is essential for convergence, a key tenet of MDO. Emergent cross-reality (XR) technologies are poised to have a significant impact on the convergence of the in- formation environment. These powerful technologies present an opportunity to not only enhance the situational awareness of individuals at the local" tactical edge and the decision-maker at the global" mission command (C2), but to intensely and intricately bridge the information exchanged across all echelons. Complimentarily, the increasing use of autonomy in MDO, from autonomous robotic agents in the field to decision-making assistance for C2 operations, also holds great promise for human-autonomy teaming to improve performance at all echelon levels. Traditional research examines, at most, a small subset of these problems. Here, we envision a system that sees human-robot teams operating at the local edge communicating with human-autonomy teams at the global operations level. Both teams use a mixed reality (MR) system for visualization and interaction with a common operating picture (COP) to enhance situational awareness, sensing, and communication { but with highly different purposes and considerations. By creating a system that bridges across echelons, we are able to examine these considerations to determine their impact on information shared bi-directionally, between the global (C2) and local (tactical) levels, in order to understand and improve autonomous agents teamed with humans at both levels. We present a prototype system that includes an autonomous robot operating with a human teammate sharing sensory data and action plans with, and receiving commands and intelligence information from, a tactical operations team commanding from a remote location. We examine the challenges and considerations in creating such a system, and present initial findings.


Tomographic reconstruction, despite its revolutionary impact on a wide range of applications, suffers from its ill-posed nature in that there is no unique solution because of limited and noisy measurements. Therefore, in the absence of ground truth, quantifying the solution quality is highly desirable but under-explored. In this work, we address this challenge through Gaussian process modeling to flexibly and explicitly incorporate prior knowledge of sample features and experimental noises through the choices of the kernels and noise models. Our proposed method yields not only comparable reconstruction to existing practical reconstruction methods (e.g., regularized iterative solver for inverse problem) but also an efficient way of quantifying solution uncertainties. We demonstrate the capabilities of the proposed approach on various images and show its unique capability of uncertainty quantification in the presence of various noises.


ABSTRACT A porous, catalytically active membrane based on α-Al2O3 powder with ultrafine additives of MgO+SiC+SiO2 and catalytically active components of Cr2O3 + Fe2O3 was synthesized in one stage. Double-sided compacting at P = 70–100 MPa and sintering at T = 1300°C were used. The open porosity of the resulting membrane was 38%, and the pore size was from 1 to 3 µm. The influence of structural-dimensional factors, such as material morphology, porosity and pore size, on the catalytic characteristics of the synthesized membranes was studied. The dependences of the structural-dimensional factors from the particle size of the initial powders, their ratio in the mixture, as well as on the method and pressure of compaction were established. The obtained catalytic membrane was used for dehydrogenation of isoamylenes into isoprene. At T = 600°C, the yield of isoprene was up to ~9%, the selectivity ~20%. The conversion of the isoamylene fraction was 46%. During 6 hours of the experiment, the decrease in the catalytic activity of the system was not observed.