Nowadays, vocabulary is particular important in the learning language. Students will easy to understand the material when they get many new vocabularies. Students' English vocabulary learning is student's way to find their selves new vocabulary through the process of learning. The interesting learning can be getting from many kinds of technique. Make a Match technique is the one of interesting technique for students. This technique use the question card and the answer card based on the topic of material. Every student looks for pair of card and matches the card. Make a Match technique will help students to find out the new vocabulary. The aims of the study are (1) to describe the implementation of Make a Match technique to facilitate students' English vocabulary learning. (2) To describe the students' responses toward the implementation of facilitate students' English vocabulary learning. The research has conduct in SMP Negeri 1 Prigen. The researcher uses descriptive qualitative method. Data collected from video recorder, field note, and interview for the teacher. The finding in this study is show that through the implementation use question and answer card based on the topic, students can easy to get the new vocabularies. Students can easy to understand the material through match the card. Therefore, Learning use Make a Match can increase students' vocabulary, students' creativity through match the card, and students' can involve answering question trough form of card.


Current solutions for hybrid grid/cloud computing have been developed to hide from heterogeneity, dynamicity, and distributed nature of resources. These solutions are, however, insufficient to support distributed applications with non‐trivial communication patterns among processes or that are structured so as to reflect the organization of resources they are deployed onto. In this paper, we present a generic, adaptable, and extensible component‐based middleware that seamlessly enables a transition of non‐trivial applications from traditional grids to hybrid grid–cloud platforms. This middleware goes beyond the resolution of well‐known technical challenges for multi‐domain computing, as it offers mechanisms to exploit the hierarchical, heterogeneous, and dynamic natures of platforms. We validate its capabilities and versatility through two use cases: an Internet‐wide federation of Distributed Service Buses and a runtime supporting DD high‐performance computing in heterogeneous computing environments using programming that is similar to message‐passing interface. Performance results show the efficiency and usefulness of our middleware and so contribute to promote research efforts geared toward flexible, on‐demand information technology solutions. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The O ( α 3 s T 2 F C F ( C A )) contributions to the transition matrix element A gg,Q relevant for the variable flavor number scheme at 3–loop order are calculated. The corresponding graphs contain two massive fermion lines of equal mass leading to terms given by inverse binomially weighted sums beyond the usual harmonic sums. In x -space two root-valued letters contribute in the iterated integrals in addition to those forming the harmonic polylogarithms. We outline technical details needed in the calculation of graphs of this type, which are as well of importance in the case of two different internal massive lines.


The synthesis of a composite material based on graphitic carbon nitride by pyrolytic decomposition at 550 °C of a mechanical mixture of thiourea with the addition of aluminum powder in the amount of 5–30 wt.% has been studied. According to the scanning results by means of electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and X-ray diffractometry the synthesized material consists of carbon nitride, aluminum sulfide, residual metallic aluminum and aluminum hydroxide. The excess of metallic aluminum is due to the partial interaction with sulfur-containing volatile substances formed during the thermal decomposition of thiourea. It is shown that the intensity and width of the photoluminescence spectra of the synthesized composites are determined by the aluminum concentration in the initial mixture. As the aluminum concentration increases from 5 to 30 wt.%, the photoluminescence intensity maximum shifts to the long wavelength region from 534 to 560 nm. This can be used to create optoelectronic devices based on the graphitic carbon nitride.


Huntington's ''clash of civilisations'' thesis might be influential in Washington but it has attracted serious critiques among academics. One might thus be unprepared to see how popular the clash thesis is among some Muslims, and many Islamists . And, while the above writers are careful about ''Orientalising'' stressing the variety of views among Muslims and Islamists, to dispel essentialising notions of ''Muslim terrorist'' some Muslims, and especially Islamists, it appears, hardly refrain from Occidentalising ''The West''. They reduce and homogenize ''The West'' to a few essentialised traits to construct the bad ''Other'' against which a positive Muslim identity is built. These three books deal in various ways with Muslims and/or Islamists: who they are, what they stand for and what they want to achieve. Yet the West lurks behind


One of the challenges associated with forecasting and evaluating concentrating photovoltaic system (CPV) performance in diverse locations is the lack of high-quality spectral solar resource data. Various local atmospheric conditions such as air mass, aerosols, and atmospheric gases affect daily CPV module operation. A multi-channel filter radiometer (MFCR) can be used to quantify these effects at relatively low cost. The proposed method of selectively sampling the solar spectrum at specific wavelength channels to spectrally reconstruct incident irradiance is described and extensively analyzed. Field spectroradiometer (FSR) measurements at the University of Ottawa's CPV testing facility (45.42°N, 75.68°W) are fed into our model to mimic the outputs from the MCFR. The analysis is performed over a two year period (2011-2012), using 46,564 spectra. A recommendation is made to use four aerosols channels at 420, 500, 780, and 1050 nm, one ozone channel at 610 nm and one water vapour channel at 940 nm, all of which can be measured with ubiquitous Si photodiodes. A simulation of this MFCR channel configuration produces an RMS error under 1.5% over 96% of the 350-1830 nm range, when compared with the FSR, for the 2012 data set in Ottawa.


Redetermination of the structure of manganese octamolybdenum undecaoxide, Mn1.44Mo8O11, revealed a doubling of the unit cell. The structure consists of infinite chains of trans-edge-sharing Mo6 octahedra cross-linked through O atoms to delimit tunnels in which the disordered Mn2+ cations reside. In comparison with the previous refinement [Carlson et al. (1989). J. Less Common Met. 156, 325–339], the metallic chains exhibit a pairwise distortion, as expected from theoretical calculations.


The estimated annual global volume of surgical procedures increased by 38% between 2005 and 2012, reaching 312.9 million.1 ,2 Taking into account both the world population of seven billion and the average life expectancy of 71 years, one can easily estimate that each individual would undergo surgery 3.2 times in a lifetime.3 Some surgeries are quite simple, but others are associated with an increased risk of complications and require more intensive care, including major surgeries or interventions in patients with comorbidities.4 Each intervention has its own risk of complications, depending on important constraints that are shown in figure 1.

Figure 1
Constraints related to the risk of perioperative complications.

Many algorithms have been elaborated for identification of patients more prone to developing cardiovascular complications after non-cardiac surgery in order to mitigate this risk.5 These clinical tools check for the presence of clinical and surgical variables summarised in figure 1 and create workflows that branch and merge, often leading to decision panels. At the end of each workflow, the physician obtains the risk of complications and a recommendation on how to avoid them. Nonetheless, these complications can occur in up to 25% of the …


Abstract In this paper, numerical schemes are presented for Hamilton-Jacobi equations by using Galerkin finite element with second order. These schemes belong to TVD type. If the semi-discrete scheme among them is given more limitations, its numerical solution converges to the viscosity solution of Hamilton-Jacobi equation. Numerical tests are given to illustrate these schemes with high resolution for discontinuities of derivatives.


We consider the problem of obtaining a confidence region for the blending coefficient in the blended underground storage tank (UST) leak model. Under this model, the blending coefficient estimator is a ratio of two correlated normal random variables. Fieller's method provides a simple way of obtaining limits with exact coverage probability. This confidence interval can be inverted to test the hypothesis that the advertised blending ratio is correct. This method is applied to the Cary blended site data, and several variations are included to account for outliers and a change point. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Studies of mental development in adolescence involve, among other things, the following: (a) the selection of subjects for study; (b) the use of measuring instruments and observation technics; (c) retests of individuals at various ages under carefully controlled conditions to determine growth curves; (d) testing individuals typical of each adolescent age, (e) accurate observation and recording of environmental conditions surrounding the subjects used during the period of investigation; and (f) adequate statistical or other analysis. Valid findings are dependent upon the proper execution of each of these details. Thurstone's criticism (336) of measuring instruments quoted in the Review for February 1936 is still in point; improvement is needed in intelligence examinations designed for use after the sixteenth year. The studies reviewed here have employed very nearly the kinds of tests against which Thurstone leveled his criticism. The retest method yields data for plotting individual curves which will reveal laws of mental development only when the measurements and observations are satisfactorily valid and precise. It scarcely needs to be mentioned that no statistical or other analysis can give value to faulty data. More responsibility for care in selecting subjects for study should rest upon the investigator. Cases selected by convenience may not constitute a typical or random sample; neither can we believe that ignorance of the kind of sample drawn makes it random. Further, many studies of adolescents are inadequate, partial, and seriously limited in their value for throwing light on the mental development of adolescence because they were planned for other purposes.


f irst mov emen t : Natural Sounds, Wind Instruments, and Social Communication 1. Speaking Tubes: The Sonorous Language of Yagua Flutes 49 Jean-Pierre Chaumeil 2. Leonardo, the Flute: On the Sexual Life of Sacred Flutes among the Xinguano Indians 69 Rafael Jose de Menezes Bastos 3. Soundscaping the World: The Cultural Poetics of Power and Meaning in Wakuenai Flute Music 93 Jonathan Hill 4. Hearing without Seeing: Sacred Flutes as the Medium for an Avowed Secret in Curripaco Masculine Ritual 123 Nicolas Journet 5. Flutes in the Warime: Musical Voices in the Piaroa World 147 Alexander Mansutti Rodriguez 6. Desire in Music: Soul-Speaking and the Power of Secrecy 171 Marcelo Fiorini


Performance measurement systems (PMS) is vital for the purposed of improving the project's performance throughout the life cycle of the project. Performance measurement refers to the indicator used to assess the performance of an organisation or a project. A proper PMS is necessary to help the organisation in measuring the performance of a project to achieve value for money (VFM). However, ineffective PMS has been identified as one of the contributing factors associated with poor project performance. Obviously, the absence of an effective PMS in construction projects acts as a trigger for not producing an optimal service quality and performance. Therefore, this paper aims to investigate the types of performance measurement systems commonly used in the Malaysian construction industry. Thus, almost all popular PMSs has been reviewed. Besides, it also attempts to investigate an effective PMS to be adopted for measuring performance in construction projects. It extends to explore the strengths and weaknesses of previous established measurement models, specific techniques and indicators for research justification. The results will be benefited to suggest an effective approach of PMS for the construction project's implementation in accordance to the projects nature and characteristics.


Water resources has become common concern,the fundamental reason is that it does not only affect and restricts the sustainable development of modern society,but also becomes the most important issue of the world's resources and environment in this century,which is a direct threat to human survival and development.Water resources sustainable utilization is a hot topic in the world currently.Jinan City is a serious water shortage in northern China.In recent years,with the society and economy development,it seriously affects the city's development and people's life quality.In this article the forefront of the international water footprint calculation method are introduced to water systems in Jinan City,virtual water content of the main trade products were quantitative measured with CROPWAT software.By the calculation and analysis of Jinan water footprint,the Jinan City is a net exporter of virtual water,which directly endanger the safety of water resources.in the case of limited water resources in Jinan City,in the precondition that water resource must be saved,and the use must be improved,innovative water management ideas should be taken,and implement the virtual water strategy.Water shortage problems will be solved completely by virtual water trade.


Objective To optimize a simple, economic, and efficient method for total RNA extraction with high-quality from mature leaves of Pinellia ternata which has plenty of polysaccharides, phenols, and many other chemical substances. Methods Four methods, i.e. guanidine isothiocyanate, bentonite, CTAB-LiCl, and the modified SDS/phenol, were used to extract the total RNA. Then the results of the extraction were compared and analyzed by electrophoresis, UV spectrophotometer detection, and RT-PCR verification. Results Among all of the four methods, the bentonite method took only about 3-4 h, which was half time of the other three methods, and the cost of extracting 1 g leaf was 1/13-1/14 of the other three. The 18S and 28S bands of the total RNA extracted by bentonite method were clear and no dispersion, the integrity of the RNA was well, and there was no obvious contamination with proteins and other impurities in the RNA extracts. The ratios of A260/A280 were equal to 1.8-2.0 and A260/A230 over 2.0, the yield of total RNA was higher at 365.744 μg/g fresh weight. The total RNA was applied to RT-PCR test. Conclusion The bentonite method is quick, economic, and efficient for the total RNA extraction from the leaves of P. ternata. The RNA is suitable for DDRT-PCR, Northern blotting, cDNA library construction, and other molecular biology research.


In Programming by Demonstration, a flexible representation of manipulation motions is necessary to learn and generalize from human demonstrations. In contrast to subsymbolic representations of trajectories, e.g. based on a Gaussian Mixture Model, a partially symbolic representation of manipulation strategies based on a temporal satisfaction problem with domain constraints is developed. By using constrained motion planning and a geometric constraint representation, generalization to different robot systems and new environments is achieved. In order to plan learned manipulation strategies the RRT-based algorithm by Stilman et al. is extended to consider, that multiple sets of constraints are possible during the extension of the search tree.


In many cases the electrolytic synthesis of organic compounds is rather unselective. This is because the primary radical ions and/or radicals are very often so reactive that they are able to react competitively with several of the different species present in the electrolyte. The aim is to increase the selectivity by rationally altering the process parameters; this demands a knowledge, inter alia, of electrosorption effects and of the relationships between mass transfer and chemical reaction, at or in front of the electrodes (in the so-called reaction layer). Four examples will be used to illustrate this theme:

1The anodic synthesis of triarylsulfonium salts,
2The addition of anodically generated N3-radicals to olefins, producing "monomeric" 1,2-diazides and "dimeric" 1,4-diazides,
3The cathodic synthesis of optically active 1-(2-pyridyl)ethanol,
4The synthesis of 1,2- and 1,4-diol ethers by anodic oxidation of vinyl compounds in alcoholic solutions.


Studies on the geological and geochemical characters of baizhangzi gold deposit,build up feature element combination andprospecting indication,there is a potential for prospecting in the region of baizhangzi.


In order to improve the strength of silicon sol shell for investment casting process,short fibers of aluminum silicate were mixed into the slurries.The flexural strength of green shell,fired strength and self-loaded deformation at elevated temperature were investigated and the fracture surface of shell samples were observed by SEM.The results show that as content of aluminum silicate fibers increases from 0.2%to 1.0%(mass fraction,same as below),the green strength of shell specimens is increased and the self-loaded deformation at elevated temperature is decreased.The shell specimen reinforced with 1.0% fibers addition reaches the highest green strength,an increase of 47% than the shell specimen unreinforced with fibers,and the self-loaded deformation at elevated temperature has a decrease of about 50%.The fired strength of shell sample with the content of 0.2%-1.0% aluminum silicate fiber is at least increased 39%.It is found by SEM that the failure of the fiber-reinforced shell specimens at the applied load is resulted by breakdown of silicon sol films and pulling-out,fracturing and debonding of fibers in the shell.


The time evolution of incipient necks is studied numerically for planar and axisymmetric bars subject to high-rate extension. The material is taken to be elastic-plastic and fully non-linear dynamic effects are accounted for. Two main types of growth of necks are observed; stable neck-development that results in fully developed necks and unstable neck-development that leads to weakly developed necks, since the incipient localization stops at an early state.


Abstract The purpose of this paper was to assess the growth and nutritional status of infants and school children fed ICDS diets and children of whom received ICDS supplementary nutrition. AWC were established with a view to increase the nutritional status among preschool children aged below 6-years. For this study, data has been collected from ICDS Centre in Gumma block of Gajapati district for the year 2001. The data was analyzed statistically and compared with the data available from the state of Orissa. The results indicate that 38.1%, 39.8%, 21.3% and 0.8% of children are normal, grade-I, grade-II and grade-III&IV malnutrition respectively. Out of total 55.6% and 66.7% of infants and preschool children respectively suffer from varying grades of malnutrition. The prevalence is consistently increased with increase in age from 0-6 years. Female children are behind their male peers. Malnutrition among preschool children continue to be the wide prevalent problem and comparable to those of their rural counterparts. The impact of supplementary nutrition programme on young children seems to be negligible in an area with socially deprived groups. In order to achieve the national goals adopted for child development, there is a definite need to further strengthening the existing ICDS system with targeted time-bound objectives.


This paper describes the development, through three versions, of a computer‐based subject‐index production scheme designed as a complement to a system producing MARC‐based catalogues for a library cooperative. The scheme provides an individual subject index to each member of the cooperative and a union subject index to the whole, or any part, of the group. The major advantages of the scheme are simplicity and attention to practical detail. The disadvantages are an eighty‐character limitation on record length and complete dependance on manually produced records. The scheme is designed to handle records carrying Dewey classification numbers.


Describes the development of "lab-on-a-chip" type architectures using microelectromechanical systems (MEMS),technology. Specifically, architectures pertaining to the DNA replication process based on polymerase chain reactions (PCR) are discussed in this paper.


Background: Current guidance on transvenous lead extraction suggests that a cardiothoracic surgeon should be immediately available during all such procedures. Survey data confirm that the vast majority of centres regularly performing transvenous lead extractions have on-site surgical cover. Our centre has provided a tertiary device extraction service, utilising a full range of lead extraction techniques, with surgical cover provided by non cardiothoracic surgeons on-site and off-site cardiothoracic specialist back up. We present a retrospective description of 8 years of outcome data following extraction of cardiac devices in this single centre.

Methods: All consecutive transvenous lead removal procedures meeting the 2009 Heart Rhythm Society (HRS) definition for lead extraction performed at the Royal Bournemouth Hospital between September 2005 and September 2013 (8 years) were identified. The procedure reports, lead data and hospital records for each case were retrospectively reviewed, the findings were then cross referenced with hospital coding and date of death records. Patient demographics, procedural technique details and outcome data for all leads were identified and are presented. Normally distributed continuous variables are reported as mean±SD.

Results: Over the 8 year period from September 2005 and September 2013, 385 leads were extracted during 226 separate procedures at the Royal Bournemouth Hospital. There were no peri-procedural deaths or requirement for emergency cardiac surgery. Procedural success was achieved in 98% procedures, with failure in the remaining 2%. Complete procedural success was achieved in 94% of cases.

Conclusions: These data suggest that contrary to current international guidance, for the great majority of patients with all forms of cardiac implantable devices, extraction can be performed safely and effectively in a centre with appropriate experience without the need for formal on-site cardiothoracic surgical cover.
| Patient and Lead Demographics and Outcomes |
|:------------------------------------------------------------------------------------:| ----------------------------- |
| Age range for patients undergoing extraction procedure | 20 to 95 years (Mean 69.5±14) |
| Proportion of patients with one or more major co-morbidity | 66% |
| Proportion of leads undergoing extraction for infection | 59.5% |
| Proportion of cases utilising specialist extraction equipment | 46% |
| Mean duration of implant prior to extraction | 67.3±53.9 months |
| Number of leads extracted at less than 12 months from implant | 9 |
| Number of right atrial leads extracted | 130 |
| Number of right ventricular pacing leads extracted | 143 |
| Number of right ventricular pacing leads extracted | 63 |
| Number of coronary sinus (left ventricular) leads extracted | 49 |
| Total procedural mortality or emergency transfer to a Cardiothoracic surgical centre | 0 Cases |
| 30 day, all cause mortality | 7 Cases |


The availability of modem techniques for the assessment of body composition in living subjects has brought about a renewed interest in this field of human physiology. This report is concerned with one such modern approach; namely the estimation of lean body mass,+ and its derived parameter fat, from the body content of potassium. Analyses of adult human carcasses, together with data reported in the literature,' indicated the relative constancy of the potassium component of the lean body mass. Other investigators2 had found that water and nitrogen content (in animals) were also constant. All of these data lent strong support to the concept, first proposed many years ago: that the fat-free portion of the body is for practicable purposes invariant$, and that changes in overall composition are the result of alternations in fat. On this basis, any parameter of lean body mass can be used to derive an estimate of the quantity of lean tissue; and indeed the total body water and densitometric methods, now in common use, are based on this principle. Three groups of investigators have proposed that the potassium method could be used for this p u r p o ~ e . ~ . ~ , ~ The scintillation counter measures the K40 activity of the body, whence chemical potassium can be calculated from the isotopic abundance of the naturally occurring radionuclide. This technique offers the advantage of being nontraumatic to the subject, and without hazard.


The quantum imaginary time evolution (QITE) algorithm is a direct implementation of the classical imaginary time evolution algorithm on quantum computer. We implement the QITE algorithm for the case of nuclear Hartree-Fock equations in a formalism equivalent to nuclear density functional theory. We demonstrate the algorithm in the case of the helium-4 nucleus with a simplified effective interaction of the Skyrme kind and demonstrate that the QITE, as implemented on simulated quantum computer, gives identical results to the classical algorithm.


The invention relates to a construction of a microchannel system in a silicium wafer connected to a ceramic bimorph. The invention also relates to the use of said construction for carrying out chemical reactions.


The study aims to estimate the possibilities of sustainable development, ensuring and achieving the sustainable development goals (SDGs) in light of challenges caused by the pandemic's "new normal". In this regard, the study employs bibliometric and empirical approaches. Based on the bibliometric analysis results, it is found that the main focus of sustainable development studies during the pandemic is on economic issues (particularly, innovations and strategic decision-making) while also addressing humanitarian problems such as ensuring health and well-being. To find the practical problems in ensuring sustainable development during the pandemic period, we used the case of Ukraine with appropriate empirical analysis at two levels. Therefore, we estimated the achievements of SDGs compared to planned indicators for 2020 (as the last report data available for this study). As a result, the low level of achievements is proven; particularly, only 20% of planned indicators are fulfilled with planned values. Moreover, the sociological research is conducted to reveal the subjective perceptions of the pandemic's influence on the possibilities of achieving SDGs. The survey was conducted during the second pandemic wave in December 2020–January 2021, involving 416 respondents. The obtained results confirmed the ambiguous influence of the pandemic. On the one hand, the positive changes are typical for healthcare services and distance learning. However, the negative influence of the pandemic's "new normal" on SDGs is confirmed by respondents through their concerns about the effects of the pandemic on the development of investments and agricultural technologies as well as the progress in goals, such as "Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure" and "Sustainable Cities and Communities".


Spontaneous emission spectra and intensity measurements are made on buried heterostructure lasers with transparent windows above the active stripe. The bias voltage V, where eV is the separation of quasi‐Fermi levels, is determined from spectral measurements. The total luminescence intensity increases as exp(eV/nkT), where n changes from 1.0 to about 2 as V increases from 1.3 V to the threshold voltage of 1.415 V. The change in n is due primarily to saturation of the low‐energy electron states as a result of electron degeneracy. The spectral determination of bias voltage is justified by the close agreement between the threshold voltage determined by spectral analysis and the voltage determined by extrapolation of directly measured light versus voltage data. Calibration of the absolute radiative rate with optical absorption data yields a predicted radiative recombination current of Jth/d≊5.8 kA cm−2 μm−1, in reasonable agreement with empirical threshold data.


With single-stage RC circuit used as phase-shifting network,the paper improved the unit circuit of waveform-transforming in low frequency phase instrument: used inphase-input hysteresis comparator circuit to improve the capability of anti-jamming,used the circuit of phase-detection by half-frequency to realize precise pulse of phase-detection,used amplifier circuit of phase-shifting signal to realize the measurement of phase difference from 5Hz to 20kHz,the technique of automatic gain control was inducted further,a gain-controllable amplifier composed of operational amplifier and analog switch was introduced.The simulation results of the output waveform and the phase difference of the original and improved circuit based on 400Hz and 40Hz in Multisim 10 show that the performance indicators of the improved circuit meet the design requirements,the measuring accuracy of phase difference is improved.


Objective To investigate the clinical effectiveness and feasibility of cannulated screw fixation for comminuted talus fracture.Methods A total of 12 cases of comminuted talus fractures were treated by cannulated screw fixation.Results All cases were followed up for 12 to 36 months(mean 20 months).Eleven cases were healed,and no serious complications occurred.One case had necrosis of talus.The excellent and good rate of function was 91.7% according to American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society score.Conclusion The cannulated screw fixation is effective method for comminuted talus fracture.


An experiment was conducted in Randomized Block Design at Regional Horticulture Research Station during Kahrif season of 2011–12 to find out effect of integrated nutrient management in little gourd. On the basis of results it can be concluded that combine application of Bio-compost along with 50% RDF was observed to be the best treatment when compared to other treatments for better growth and yield of little gourd.


The invention discloses a super-resolution microscopic method based on fluorescence lifetime difference. The super-resolution microscopic method comprises the following steps: (1) focusing an excitation beam and a suppressed beam by a large numerical aperture microscope objective and scanning a fluorescence sample is scanned simultaneously by taking circularly polarized light as the excitation beam and taking the circularly polarized light coded by vortex phase as the suppressed beam; (2) collecting fluorescence emitted by the fluorescence sample by utilizing the large numerical aperture microscope objective and obtaining a view picture of fluorescence intensity image by a photoelectric sensing device; (3) obtaining corresponding fluorescence lifetime information by analyzing the fluorescence intensity information of the fluorescence intensity image; (4) setting a time gate for separating a long-life fluorescence image and a short-life fluorescence image from the fluorescence intensity information; and (5) setting a weight and subtracting the weighted long-life fluorescence image from the short-life fluorescence image to obtain a final super-resolution microscopic image. The invention also discloses a super-resolution microscopic device based on the fluorescence lifetime difference.


The tsunami is a kind of extremely serious secondary disaster of earthquake.Shandong is the area of the earliest records of tsunami in the world.In this paper,seven times of tsunamis that recorded in the historical of coastal area of Shandong province had been collected and arranged,each tsunami was appraised by the credibility grade,only one time of such tsunamis possibly occurred.Base on the analysis of historical tsunami,earthquake type,geographical environment,modern recording material of tsunami in the coastal area of Shandong province,it shows that the possibility of suffering destructive tsunami in the coastal area of Shandong province is relatively little in the future.


Viscous heating due to shear motion in a plasma can result in the excitation of a longitudinal acoustic wave, if the shear motion is modulated in time. The coupling mechanism is a thermal effect: time-dependent shear motion causes viscous heating, which leads to a rarefaction that can couple into a longitudinal wave, such as an acoustic wave. This coupling mechanism is demonstrated in an electrostatic three-dimensional (3D) simulation of a dusty plasma, in which a localized shear flow is initiated as a pulse, resulting in a delayed outward propagation of a longitudinal acoustic wave. This coupling effect can be profound in plasmas that exhibit localized viscous heating, such as the dusty plasma we simulated using parameters typical of the PK-4 experiment. We expect that a similar phenomenon can occur with other kinds of plasma waves.


In order to distinguish the decoy missile from the real in the middle of the ballistic missile flight, we proposed using image recognition and sliding-mode guidance in the kinetic energy interceptor terminal guidance phase. The paper set background on the kinetic energy interceptor in the middle course of ballistic missile flight. Due to the influence of the dummy target, the preset interception point is out of alignment and interceptors require terminal guidance adjustment. In this paper, two different global fast Terminal sliding modes are used to establish the intercept model equation. By simulink simulation comparison, it is found that the sliding mode guidance proposed in this paper can quickly and effectively switch interception orbit to hit the target.


The present invention relates to an installation for cleaning and/or degreasing manufactured parts (P), said installation (1) comprising application means (4) comprising, firstly, at least one first outlet nozzle (30) connected to means (10) for producing vapour, in order to produce a central jet (5a) consisting of said pressurized water vapour, and, secondly, at least one second outlet nozzle (32) surrounding said first nozzle or nozzles (30) and connected to said means (11) for producing pressurized air, in order to produce a peripheral jet (5b) consisting of said pressurized air, so as to project, onto said manufactured parts (P), a treatment jet (5) consisting firstly of said central jet (5a) consisting of said pressurized water vapour, and secondly of said peripheral jet (5b) consisting of said pressurized air and surrounding said central jet (5a).


Along with the rapids development of Internet and other new technologies,people's reading habit and cultural consumption mode have changed deeply.At the same time,the collecting and editing process,carrier form and management model of periodicals have changed deeply,too.The outlet road of periodicals in digital era is to forwardly establish the transformation consciousness of periodical digitalization,stably promote the win-win cooperation between paper periodicals and digital periodicals,and actively blend in the digital age through adopting measures.


. This work reports both the radiolabeling and preliminary biodistribution results in the rat brains of (±)-[ 123 I]--II. The novel benzovesamicol derivative (±)-[ 123 I]-II was successfully labeled with iodine-123 from its corresponding n-tributyltin, with radiochemical purity greater than 97% and radiochemical yield in the range 50–55%. (±)-[ 123 I]-II showed a higher accumulation in striatum than in the other regions studied. To determine if (±)-[ 123 I]-II could provide an advantage compared to reference compound [ 125 I]-IBVM a kinetic study was carried out, at each point of the kinetic study, (±)-[ 123 I]-II showed a lower specific binding compared to [ 125 I]-IBVM. Time activity curves of (±)-[ 123 I]-II confirmed that this compound is inferior to [ 125 I]-IBVM to explore the VAChT in vivo by SPECT. Moreover, it is well known that interaction at the VAChT binding site is enantioselective, and therefore, working with enantiomerically pure compounds, could improve the compound activity.


For head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, as well as for most solid tumors, the presence of lymph node metastasis is the most important prognostic factor. The morbidity, and possibly the lack of therapeutic benefit, of elective lymph node dissection in N0 patients for breast cancer and melanoma have made minimally invasive approaches attractive. In this context, the sentinel node (SLN) concept was formulated, first by Cabanas for penile squamous cell and later by Morton for melanoma and Giuliano for breast carcinoma. The SLN concept supposes that the oncologic status of one or few lymph nodes can predict the presence of metastatic disease in the remaining lymph nodes of the draining basin. The strongest point in the SLN concept is that a negative SLN biopsy should predict the absence of metastatic cells in the entire regional lymph basin. The SLN concept can be considered validated for breast carcinoma, and although it has been accepted as the standard of care for melanoma, it has not been formally validated. The sentinel node concept is a hypothesis and as such has to be validated or proven before it can be applied for every type of cancer histology and location. Early studies in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma were not very successful in identifying the SLN, probably because of inadequate timing of injection and dissection and the difficulty of separating the gamma signal of the primary from that of the SLN. In a recent study, Alex et al. have reported a 100% SLN detection rate and no false-positives in eight patients. Technetium sulfur colloid was used as the sole tracer and the detection was performed with a handheld gamma probe, without preoperative lymphoscintigraphy. Although these results are encouraging and should incite others to pursue the technique, several points need clarification:


Solid tumors, including gliomas, still represent a challenge to clinicians and first line treatments often fail, calling for new paradigms in cancer therapy. Novel strategies to overcome tumor resistance are mainly represented by multi‐targeted approaches, and cell vector‐based therapy is one of the most promising treatment modalities under development. Here, we show that mouse bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), when primed with low‐dose irradiation (irMSCs), undergo changes in their immunogenic and angiogenic capacity and acquire anti‐tumoral properties in a mouse model of glioblastoma (GBM). Following grafting in GL261 glioblastoma, irMSCs migrate extensively and selectively within the tumor and infiltrate predominantly the peri‐vascular niche, leading to rejection of established tumors and cure in 29% of animals. The therapeutic radiation dose window is narrow, with effects seen between 2 and 15 Gy, peaking at 5 Gy. A single low‐dose radiation decreases MSCs inherent immune suppressive properties in vitro as well as shapes their immune regulatory ability in vivo. Intra‐tumorally grafted irMSCs stimulate the immune system and decrease immune suppression. Additionally, irMSCs enhance peri‐tumoral reactive astrocytosis and display anti‐angiogenic properties. Hence, the present study provides strong evidence for a therapeutic potential of low‐dose irMSCs in cancer as well as giving new insight into MSC biology and applications.


An experiment was carried out in greenhouse conditions from November 2000 to February 2001 with Panicum maximum Jacq. cv. Mombaca grown in a nutrient solution with ground quartz as substrate. The experiment was set in an incomplete 52 factorial of nitrogen and potassium. Thirteen combinations between nitrogen and potassium rates (28N and 19.5K; 28N and 234K; 28N and 429K; 112N and 117K; 112N and 312K; 210N and 19.5K; 210N and 234K; 210N and 429K; 336N and 117K; 336N and 312K; 462N and 19.5K; 462N and 234K; 462N and 429K) were obtained according to design points of the modified central composite nonrotatable design that was set in a randomized complete block design, with four replications. The objectives were to evaluate the plant tops and roots dry matter yield and the mineral composition of the lamina of recently expanded leaves (RL) with respect to nitrogen, potassium, calcium, magnesium and sulphur. The results showed that the nitrogen X potassium interaction was significant (P<0.01) for plant tops and roots dry matter yield of Mombaca grass; nitrogen and sulphur concentrations in RL and calcium concentration in RL at the second harvest. Potassium and magnesium concentrations in RL were affected by potassium rates, at both harvests.


Using porous anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) as template, the array of magnetic metal Ni nanowires was fabricated by DC electrodeposition method. Their morphologies and structures were characterized by SEM, TEM and XRD techniques. The results indicate that the well-ordered metal Ni nanowire arrays are obtained and its diameter is about 250 nm, which is consistent with the diameter of template pore. Prepared metal Ni nanowire arry is structure dense ploycrystal. The length of metal Ni nanowires array can be controlled by changing the time of electrodeposition. Obtained result shows that the optimal time is 15 h.


Learning has been extensively studied from different perspectives and in recent years thanks to the technological advancement, has been part of several studies with artificial neural networks, which have a point of gear with the evolution of complex systems. The development of these processes have enabled to understand how nature has provided systems with the ability to adapt to the environment, which is the line that allows the survival of the species, which may be the key to understanding of learning and its need to develop as a flexible system. This article focus on the question: How did learning process arrive to the brain? So it discusses the role of diverse evolutionary factors related to learning, since the proteins which have inherited the ability to be flexible into the environment and how this process is applied to complex systems such as neural networks, which have been shaping their characteristics to allow cognitive processes of a higher order such as reading and writing as the evolutionary response to culture and how this makes possible to net on the neocortex, which of course allows the development of the connectome, a network characterized by the apprehension of any action which is capable of creating an adaptive response to the environment.


Using a high speed shutter camcorder changes of shape (twisting, camber and especially bending) of the wings of Aeshna cyanea [Muller 1764] and Sympetrum vulgatum [Linne 1758] were recorded in a natural environment during hovering, acceleration from hovering and fast vertical starting from a watching position. Extreme shape changes were documented via video prints. During normal flights (hovering, medium fast straight ahead flight) not the slightest wing bending was detected. Even at very fast beats during accelerations bending was small (mean bending angle β = 6°) but there are stronger shape changes in some few cases of extreme beating.The nodus is an element that allows for a certain local bending between the distal and basal wing part. It is working even at lower aerodynamical loading. Its morphology is functionally interpreted. Wing bending is simulated with Finite Element calculations and compared to the field observations.


In early Welsh texts three absolute endings of the third person singular of the present indicative are attested, viz. -yt, -it and -awt. This go back to the same preforms as the Old Irish absolute 3.sg.pres indicative forms of Thurneysen's verbal classes BI, AII and AI. The fact that sometimes -h- appears before -awt has been used for the reconstruction of an alleged future morpheme * -asā-. However, such a reconstruction ignores the fact that -h- also appears before -yt and -it as well as before the partly homophonous endings of the imperatives of the 3.sg. (-et, -it and -awt). The explanation for the intrusion of -h- in these forms is that the 3.sg. imperatives were influenced by the subjunctive, which had a genetic -h-. From the imperative of the 3.sg. intrusive -h- could further be transferred to the partly homophonous absolute 3.sg. This explanation does not only render a future morpheme * -asā- unnecessary, but also furnishes an explanation why absolute endings are often found with compound verbs


Background: The surgical management of the gall bladder pathology has changed because of development of laparoscopic cholecystectomy , ultrasound and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). The Present study compares various ultrasonographic & clinical criteria with reference to laparoscopic Cholecystectomy. Methods: The study was done on 100 patients. They are of symptomatic cholelithiasis, requiring elective cholecystectomy, attending surgical OPD of People's College Of Medical Sciences & Research Centre and other center of Bhopal from january 2011 to 31 st august 2015. Results: Out of 100 patients only 18 of the patient were males rest 82 were female patients . The maximum incidence is seen in the age group of 35-40years . There were 18 patients with BMI more than 27.5 kg/m 2 . Sensitivity of ultrasonograhic prediction is 55.55%. 18 patients had history of previous abdominal surgery. . Positive predictive value of gallbladder wall thickness to predict the difficult laparoscopic surgery is 77.77%. Best clinical predictor for predicting conversion to open procedure is BMI>27.5(highest Chi-square value 6.46, P value 0.040) . Best sonographic predictors for conversion to open cholecystectomy are impaction of stone at neck of gallbladder and contracted gallbladder (highest Chi-square value 13.6) Conclusions: Cholecystectomy is the most common procedure performed on the biliary tract and the second most common major abdominal operation performed today. In our study we have included 100 patients in which clinical and ultrasonographic parameters with reference to laparoscopic cholecystectomy were analysed.


We investigate the spatial Public Goods Game in the presence of fitness-driven and conformity-driven agents. This framework usually considers only the former type of agents, i.e., agents that tend to imitate the strategy of their fittest neighbors. However, whenever we study social systems, the evolution of a population might be affected also by social behaviors as conformism, stubbornness, altruism, and selfishness. Although the term evolution can assume different meanings depending on the considered domain, here it corresponds to the set of processes that lead a system towards an equilibrium or a steady state. We map fitness to the agents' payoff so that richer agents are those most imitated by fitness-driven agents, while conformity-driven agents tend to imitate the strategy assumed by the majority of their neighbors. Numerical simulations aim to identify the nature of the transition, on varying the amount of the relative density of conformity-driven agents in the population, and to study the nature of related equilibria. Remarkably, we find that conformism generally fosters ordered cooperative phases and may also lead to bistable behaviors.


Combined with the features of light-weight steel structure its design concept is elaborated from conceptual design, integrated design, optimal design and other aspects in order to broaden idea in steel structure design and break the limitation of traditional concept to meet the demands of new situations.


An experimental study of the effects of nozzle parameters and fluid properties on specific charge and ratio of ion to drop current for electrostatic air sprays is reported. The specific gun used and the parameter ranges investigated are characteristic of many industrial painting processes. A simple collector system that discriminates between drop and ion currents was used to measure ensemble-averaged specific charge for the drops and the ratio of ion to drop current. The data exhibit a coupled dependence on applied potential, liquid flow rate, atomizing air flow rate, and fluid properties. The trends are consistent with contact charging of the liquid and ion generation during breakup of the bulk liquid into drops. Specific charges range from 0 to 9 mu C/g and the ratios of ion to drop currents range from 0 to 6. Analysis of the current ratios indicates that under many conditions the ion charge density near the substrate is small in comparison to the drop charge density. Consequently, the ion charge density may be neglected and only the drop charge density must be considered in simulating the electrostatic fields.<<ETX>>


Having high strength and high durability and is capable of left and right bearing rotation mechanism of the rotation angle of 90 °. Bearing rotation mechanism comprising: a rotatable base for rotating the seat base rotatably supporting the rotary supporting base, the base comprising a rotatable locking member and the guide groove on the convex surface. Rotation of the base support comprises a base rotating shaft insertion guide groove and the concave surface of the locking member. According to the rotation state of the rotation of the base, the locking member is rotated in contact with the locking member to limit the rotation of the base.


30 suicidal deaths were examined for the presence of needs described by Henry Murray. The most common needs identified were harmavoidance and infavoidance. Other needs were present rarely and typically only in unusual suicides such as double suicides or seppuku.


This document is an output from a project funded by the UK Department for International Development (DFID) and the World Bank for the benefit of developing countries. The views expressed are not necessarily those of DFID or the World Bank. Natural Resources Institute 2 Acknowledgements The authors of this report would like to thank the members of the rural communities, the private enterprise sector, and the local government institutions of Madhya Pradesh and Orissa for their patient and willing participation, for without their contribution this study would not have been possible. We are indebted to the following organisations for their collaboration during the different phases of this Alok Rath and Gitanjali Jena are gratefully acknowledged. The project also benefited from substantial inputs by N.C. Saxena on policy issues in relation to the non-farm economy. Design of the data base and statistical analysis was ably undertaken by Phillip Viegas. Valuable comments on earlier drafts of the paper have been provided by our colleagues Last but not least, we would like to thank the UK Department for International Development (DFID) for funding this research through the DFID-World Bank collaborative programme on rural development; Felicity Proctor for her role as overall programme manager; and DFID India for their support and frank exchange of ideas. The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and may not represent those of the funding and sponsoring institutions.


This paper draws on a bit synchronization algorithm used for terrestrial wireless communications π/4-DQPSK modulation mode and shapes the algorithm based on the characteristics of the Doppler effect of underwater acoustic channel. Simulation results show that the improved algorithm is more robust against the Doppler effect of underwater acoustic channel while maintaining the good performance of the original algorithm.


Plastics are used extensively and provide great convenience in daily life. However, their stable and nonbiodegradable nature incurs challenging threats to the environment and ecosystems. It is essential that a sustainable method for plastic treatment and utilization be developed. We used low-density polyethylene (LDPE) as a precursor to synthesize a hierarchical porous carbon (HPC) through autogenic pressure carbonization followed by potassium hydroxide (KOH) activation. The noncatalytic carbonization in a closed system obtained 45% carbon residues from LDPE, which would not yield any carbon residues under normal pressure. The following KOH activation developed hierarchical porous structures in the carbon materials, which can be controlled by KOH dosage. The mechanism of carbonization and activation was proposed considering the nanostructure of carbon materials. The obtained HPC exhibited a micrometer-scale carbon sphere morphology with hierarchical pores, a large specific surface area of 3059 m2 g–1, and...


The growth of Au on the Si(001) surface is studied using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). We investigate the initial stages of Au overlayer formation on the Si surface at room temperature. Au grows on the substrate in a layer‐by‐layer fashion for Au coverage up to 3 monolayers. In the first layer growth, Au forms two‐dimensional islands of local 2×2 structure with a density of one Au atom per Si surface atom. On the basis of the STM images, a 2×2 structural model is proposed. Au atoms lie in atop sites, forming Au–Au dimers with orientation perpendicular to the underlying Si dimers. Subsequent layers of Au growth are disordered.


Sir I am impressed by the report from Mr Wigmore and colleagues (Br J Surg 1995; 82: 27-30) of low rates for mortality, intestinal leakage and stricturing following reversal of Hartmann's procedure. They attribute their excellent results to the high level of operator experience in this potentially challenging procedure and they may well be correct. Can the authors comment on the potential for avoiding the need for many of these procedures? A total of 345 Hartmann's procedures were performed over a 5-year period, 52 per cent for malignancy. Many of these patients will have been suitable for on-table lavage and primary anastomosis1. Only 52 per cent of all patients underwent reversal, from which one died, seven leaked and 12 developed strictures (1 1 per cent major complications). The data suggest a persistent stoma or poor function in 186 of the original 345 (54 per cent). The second procedure resulted in other important complications in 44 patients. Failure of reversal or other complications were seen in 36 per cent of patients who underwent an attempted reversal of Hartmann's. On-table lavage and primary anastomosis in obstruction or local perforation would avoid many stomas that will never be reversed. The mortality, morbidity and cost of a second procedure are high and may be avoided by a restorative primary procedure'. To achieve this aim a high level of operator experience is required in the primary procedure.


Objective To investigate the effects of nylestroil implant on the bone loss of ovariectomized (OVX) rats and provide a new choice for estrogen replacement treatment of needed a longer time. Methods The dual energy X ray absorptiometry was adopted to measure bone mineral density (BMD) in vivo and vitro of Sham operated (Sham )group and OVX group and OVX treated with levonorgestrel impant (LNG )group and OVX treated with levonorgestrel implant and nylestroil implant (LNG+NYL) group as well as OVX treated with nylestroil implant (NYL )group.The levels of serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and urinary pyridinoline/creatinine (Pyr/Cr) were measured.Results In contrast with the Sham group,OVX group and LNG group showed significant decrease in BMD in vivo of the whole body and lumbar vertebrae as well as in BMD in vitro of whole femoral and femoral regions of interest(except for the 3rd region of interest) and whole tibia and the 1st region of the proximal tibia metaphysis ( P0.05~P 0.01);but the serum ALP and the urinary Pyr/Cr elevated, and there was significant difference in the latter ( P 0.05). In contrast with OVX group,LNG+NYL group and NYL group showed increase in BMD in vivo and vitro, and there was significant difference in many sites( P 0.05~ P 0.01),BMD in LNG+NYL group and NYL group was close to that in Sham group.Compared with OVX group,the serum ALP and urinary Pyr/Cr in LNG+NYL group and NYL group decreased( P 0.05~ P 0.01).Conclusions LNG implant alone can not prevent the bone loss of OVX rats;NYL implant can protect the bone mass of OVX rats.


1 Prologue Ordinals made their entrance in proof theory through Gentzen's second consistency proof for Peano Arithmetic by transsnite induction up to " 0 , the latter being applied only to decidable predicates (cf. Gentzen 1938]). Gentzen's constructive use of ordinals as a method of analyzing formal theories has come to be a paradigm for much of proof theory from then on, particularly as exempliied in the work of Sch utte, Takeuti and their schools. 1 One of the strongest theories for which ordinal{theoretic bounds have been obtained is the impredicative subsystem of second order arithmetic based on 1 2 comprehension plus bar induction. The latter result was achieved by employing the most advanced techniques in this area of research: cut elimination for innnitary calculi of ramiied set theory with 2 {reeection rules. This gathering of tools was entitled \Admissible Proof Theory" (cf. Pohlers 1982]), yet another appropriate title could have been \Proof Theory of 2 { Reeection". Unfortunately, these methods are not strong enough for carrying through an ordinal analysis of 1 2 comprehension, let alone for second order arithmetic. This article will survey the state of the art nowadays, in particular recent advance in proof theory beyond admissible proof theory, giving some prospects of success of obtaining an ordinal analysis of 1 2 comprehension. Although a great deal of ordinally informative proof theory has been pursuing an extension of Hilbert's program, that is sought-for consistency proofs, I shall only indulge very little in this issue. 2 Even those who wish to detach themselves from consistency matters may beneet from ordinal analyses. Ordinal analysis has proved to be an important tool in reductive proof theory and also for the determination of the provably total functions of various complexities of a variety of theories. Putting things into a broader perspective, a leit{motif for ordinal analysis could have been Kreisel's question: What more than its truth have we recognized, when we have established a theorem in a formal theory? The article is divided into four parts. In Section 2 I roughly describe the role of ordinal and ordinal analysis in proof theory.


We found the article published recently in your esteemed journal by Niclauss and associates very interesting and of great practical importance to the everyday practice of a cardiac surgeon [1]. It has long been well known that certain groups of the population, such as sportsmen and women during their reproductive age, inhabitants of socially and medically remote areas and patients with mental or visual problems may be good candidates for an aortic bioprosthesis, despite the fact that they were significantly younger than 65 years. The aforementioned article provides us with more information on the subject. Improvements in technology have made bioprostheses better and longer lasting. This fact, in combination with the low rate of reoperations and the low incidence in neurological events reported in the study, provides cardiac surgeons and patients with a greater freedom in selecting aortic bioprostheses. We must emphasize the fact that this is solely the case for aortic valve replacements, as we believe that biological prostheses in the mitral position in patients younger than 65 years will soon bring them to their cardiac surgeon for a redo procedure.

Conflict of interest: none declared.


The invention discloses an extraction process of a high purity phlorizin, comprising the following steps: (1) the raw materials are added with 4-8 times pure water, marinated for 1-3 hours, heated to boiling and micro boiling is kept for 2-3 hours so as to obtain an extracting solution; residue is heated to boiling by using 2-6 times pure water and micro boiling is kept for 2-3 hours so as to obtain a secondary extracting solution; the extracting solutions are merged, cooled and filtered and then the filtered liquid is collected; (2) the filtered liquid is adsorbed by macroporous resin and subjected to gradient elution by using 20 DEG and 50 DEG ethanol; the effluent liquid is collected in subsection, concentrated in vacuum, placed in a quiescence way and cooled, dissolves out crystal at 0-4 DEG C, and dehydrates by high-speed centrifugation; and (3) re-dissolving of pure water, vacuum concentration, re-crystallization, high-speed centrifugation dehydration and drying are carried out so as to obtain the finished product. By adopting pure water for extraction, the organic-residue is decreased and simultaneously the product content is more than 99 percent.


The study develops the procedure of linguistic creativity assessment in multimodal secondary discourse with a text component. The procedure exploits the discursive category of linguistic creativity via its formal linguistic markers. To proceed, we address the primary discourse of children's literature (short stories) and the secondary discourse of slide films based on these short stories. The study employs the method of discursive parametric analysis which explores the absolute and relative values of 52 microparameters of linguistic creativity in all language levels and in the graphics and orthography of text, which further allows to evaluate the discourse potential of linguistic creativity [Zykova 2021]. The contrastive research procedure helped identify the frequency of parameter markers in primary and secondary discourse and to determine the linguistic creativity potential in the text component of the secondary discourse as mediated by its semiotic multimodality. Statistically significant differences were found in the use of tropes and parallel structures which manifested higher values in the primary discourse of short stories. Meanwhile, the linguistic creativity potential of textual component in the secondary discourse of slide films was enhanced by sound effects, deictic organization of communicative situation, register switches (communicative registers), communicative functioning of proper names, phraseological figurativity, and dynamicity in speech (in elliptical sentences).


SUMMARY In dryland areas, where rains recede much earlier than the time of sowing of crops, moisture in the seed zone becomes limiting for stand establishment. Mulches are known to conserve moisture in the upper soil layers, so we studied the effect of mulching a standing maize or fallow on the yield of the maize and on following wheat. Mulching maize with green twigs of 'basooti' a few weeks before harvest increased its yield by 16%. Both in maize and on fallow mulching increased water storage, particularly in the upper soil layers, and increased wheat yields from 19.0 to 22.5 q/ha after maize and 29.1 to 33.3 q/ha after fallow. It also led to increased water use and water use efficiency of wheat.


The present invention relates to a monitoring system of a tire pressure. The monitoring system of the tire pressure includes a tire pressure sensor unit mounted on the inside of the tire and wirelessly transmitting a first to a fourth modulation signal converted into an analog signal by modulating an ID and one among a frequency, amplitude, and a phase of tire information on an internal pressure and a temperature of a tire; a first receiving unit receiving the modulation signal in which the amplitude is modulated among the modulation signals transmitted from the tire pressure sensor unit; a second receiving unit receiving the rest modulation signals except for the modulation signal in which amplitude is modulated among the modulation signals transmitted from the tire pressure sensor unit; a control unit informing a user of abnormal/normal states of the tire pressure; a warning unit warning the user of the abnormal state of the tire pressure with a warning sound or a warning light by the control of the control unit; and a display unit displaying the internal pressure, the temperature, and the ID of each tire by the control of the control unit. The present invention includes a general-purpose receiving function receiving the modulation signal transmitted from the tire pressure sensor unit regardless of a transmission method of a tire pressure sensor mounted on the inside of the tire. Therefore, a user has a large selection of the tire pressure sensor unit or the tire when replacing a tire pressure sensor. And a signal receiving rate and a signal analysis rate are improved as there is no signal lost due to a receiving method or a collision of the signal among the signals transmitted from the tire pressure sensor unit. [Reference numerals] (121) First receiving unit;(121a) First demodulation unit;(122) Second receiving unit;(122a) Second demodulation unit;(130) Control unit;(140) Alarming part;(160) Interface unit


There is a trend that more and more enterprises utilize SDN (Software Defined Network) technology to manage the network of their cloud platform. For example, cloud computing datacenters define their own virtual networks or virtual firewalls using SDN controller. Tenants need the network components of cloud platform to call northbound interfaces of SDN controller if they want to manage the network of cloud platform. If there are a large number of tenants, the interaction between the cloud platform and the SDN controller is very frequent. In order to simplify this process, we propose a policy-driven based batch processing network operation SDN controller scheme in which the cloud datacenter manager sends the SDN-related policies to the SDN controller, and the SDN controller processes the policies received according to user's permissions and operations priority. The management of network resources can integrate with other resources management in the cloud datacenter environment effectively. We then build a prototype, a policy-driven SDN controller (PDSDN), to demonstrate the efficiency and performance of our design.


Purpose: The criteria for discontinuing antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) in children with well-controlled epilepsy remain unclear. This study sought to identify the recurrence rate of epilepsy after the discontinuation of AEDs and the risk factors associated with recurrence. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the records of 441 children who discontinued AEDs at our department of pediatrics from August 2007 to July 2017. AED tapering was performed in patients who were seizure-free for more than 2 years after taking AEDs, and patients were monitored for 1 year after the discontinuation of AEDs. Results: We found that 87 patients (87/441, 19.7%) experienced seizure recurrence within 1 year after the discontinuation of AEDs. Among them, 38 patients (38/87, 43.7%) experienced recurrence during AED tapering. The recurrence of seizures was related to the patient's age at AED onset and when seizures were controlled, a history of seizure recurrence after previous discontinuation of AEDs or a seizure episode during AED administration, and no improvement of electroencephalographic (EEG) findings. Conclusion: The recurrence rate within 1 year after the discontinuation of AEDs was almost 20%, and nearly half of the recurrences took place during the tapering period. We recommend caution when considering whether to discontinue AEDs in patients with a history of seizure recurrence after AED discontinuation, a seizure episode during AED administration, or no (or slight) improvement of EEG findings.


This paper discusses the problem of abscesses due to subcutaneous injection of heroin (skin-popping) in 26 injecting drug users in Dublin attending the Meath and Adelaide Hospitals. The most common sites are the antecubital fossa and deltoid regions of arms and the buttocks, and the most common infectious organism in this series of abscesses is staph aureus. Unusually, two cases of strep pneumoniae abscesses were noted, which might be the result of needle sharing of dirty needles or an immune deficiency among drug users. All of the organisms found were susceptible to standard antibiotics. Treatment is usually involves an incision and drainage of the abscess. Extremely ill patients also receive antibiotics.


Teaching for the Aesthetic Experience: Margaret G. Black This study answered the question, "How to teach for the Aesthetic Experience in the visual arts?" Six women art educators served as study participants. The researcher identified five components of aesthetic experience: perception, cognition, imagination, emotion, and discovery. Informed by theories of conversational teaching methods, aesthetic development, and adult development, the researcher designed and executed a qualitative case study that incorporated all five components. Art viewing, art making, and evaluative response were the tools used in the study to foster aesthetic understanding. The researcher acted in the role of participant-observer in the study. Data collection included audio-taped transcripts from all of the study sessions, artwork created during the study, and a final paper in which participants answered the question, "What effect, if any, did conversation have on my aesthetic understanding?" Data analysis revealed that (1) study participants approached viewing and making art as visual and haptic types, (2) comments about emotion and evaluation were more apparent in the role of viewer than in the role of teacher, and (3) personal pedagogical experiences continued to inform classroom practice. The researcher concludes the document with reflections of how conducting this study expanded her understanding of the aesthetic experience and suggests possible applications of theory to practice by formatting an approach to teach for the aesthetic experience. TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION page 1 Personal Background 2 Doctoral Student Goals 5 Dissertation Overview 6 1. THE COMPONENTS OF AESTHETIC EXPERIENCE 7 1. 1. Developing a Vocabulary 8 1. 2. Understanding My Creative Process 10 1. 3. Integrating the Components of Aesthetic Experience in the Curriculum 11 1. 4. The Senses and Cognition in Aesthetic Experience 12 1. 5. The Aesthetic Components When Viewing Art 15 1.5. 1. Perception 15 1. 5. 2. Cognition 18 1. 5. 3. Imagination 2 1. 5. 4. Emotion 2 2 1. 5. 5. Discovery 2 5 I. 6. Art Making as an Aesthetic Experience 2 7 1. 7. The Aesthetic Components When Making Art 2 9 1. 7. 1. Perception 2 9 1. 7. 2. Cognition 3 1. 7. 3. Imagination 3 2 1. 7. 4. Emotion 3 3 1. 7. 5. Discovery 3 4 1. 8. The Study 3 6 1 . 9. Areas of Concern 3 8 1. 10. Practical Application of Aesthetic Components: Study Objectives 4 1. 10. 1. The Perceptual Component 4 1. 10. 2. The Cognitive Component 41 1. 10. 3. The Imaginative Component 4 2 1. 10. 4. The Emotional Component 4 2 1. 10. 5. The Discovery Component 4 3 1. 11. Aesthetic Tools 4 4 1. 11. 1. Art Viewing 45 1. 11. 2. Art Making 4 5 1. 11. 3. Evaluation 4 6 1. 12. Summary 4 9 2. THE EDUCATORS AND EDUCATIONAL RESEARCHERS: A LITERATURE REVIEW 5 1 2. 1. Conversation as a Teaching Method 5 2 2. 1. 1. bell hooks 5 4 2. 1.2. Phyllis Walden 5 6 2. 1. 3. Kathleen Taylor 5 7 2. 2. Aesthetic Development 6 2. 2. 1. Abigail Housen 6 2 2. 2. 2. Michael Parsons 6 4 2. 2. 3. Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi and Rick Robinson .... 67 2. 3. Facilitating the Aesthetic Experience 6 9 2. 3. 1. Csikszentmihalyi and Robinson 6 9 2. 3. 2. David Perkins 7 5 2. 4. Theories of Adult Development 8 2. 4. 1. William Perry 8 2 2. 4. 2. Belenky et al 8 7 2. 4. 3. Robert Kegan 9 1 2. 5. Summary 9 3 3. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 9 4 3. 1. Method for Soliciting Participants 9 4 3. 1. 1. Pre-study Interview 9 8 3. 2. The Study 101 3. 2. 1. Summary 113 3. 3. The Study: The Course in Brief 114 3. 4. Participant Responsibilities 117 3. 5. Method for Data Collection 118 3. 6. Method for Data Analysis 120 3. 7. The Post Study Interview 122 3. 8. Summary 125 4. DATA ANALYSIS: DESCRIPTION AND INTERPRETATION 127 4.


A new institutional economics perspective on current policy debates cotton production and marketing in northern Ghana - the dynamics of competition on a system interlocking transactions the cashew sector in southern Tanzania - overcoming problems of input supply cotton and wheat marketing and the provision of pre-harvest services in Sindh Province, Pakistan conclusions - new institutional economics, policy debates and the research agenda.


The Magma Energy Program of the US Department of Energy, Geothermal Technology Division, is planning to begin drilling a deep (6 km) exploration well in Long Valley Caldera, California, in September 1988. The location of the well is in the central part of the caldera, coincident with a large number of shallow (5-7 km) geophysical anomalies identified through many independent investigations. Results from the hole will permit the following: direct investigation of the geophysical anomalies interpreted to be magma; investigation of the patterns and conditions of deep fluid circulation and heat transport below the caldera floor; determination of the amount of collapse and subsequent resurgence of the central portion of Long Valley caldera; and determination of the intrusion history of the central plutonic complex beneath the caldera, and establishment of the relationship of intrusive to eruptive events. The hole will thus provide a stringent test of the hypothesis that magma is still present within the central plutonic complex. If the interpretation of geophysical anomalies is confirmed, the hole will provide the first observations of the environment near a large silicic magma chamber. 80 refs., 7 figs., 2 tabs.


The efficiency of foliar fertilizers was evaluated on nutrition and yield of sweet pepper cv. Mayata and tomato cv. Carmem, cultivated in plastic greenhouse. For the two experiments the experimental design consisted of randomized blocks with three and four replications for tomato and sweet pepper, respectively, and six treatments (schist retortage water 0.1; 0.25; 0.5 and 1%; boric acid 0.15% plus clorate calcium 0.15% and quelate Ca 0.1% plus organic B 0.15%). The foliar application of schist retortage water 0.5% increased 27.4% the sweet pepper fruit yield and foliar concentrations of Mg and S compared to this fertilizer 0.1%. For tomato, the application of schist retortage water 0.5 and 1% increased 60.5 and 93.8% the fruit yield as compared to this fertilizer 0.1%. The higher levels of boron in sweet pepper leaves and in tomato leaves were obtained with salt applications and resulted in visual symptoms of boron toxicity on initial development of cultures.


District heating networks are commonly addressed in the literature as one of the most effective solutions for decreasing the greenhouse gas emissions from the building sector. These systems require high investments which are returned through the heat sales. Due to the changed climate conditions and building renovation policies, heat demand in the future could decrease, prolonging the investment return period. The main scope of this paper is to assess the feasibility of using the heat demand – outdoor temperature function for heat demand forecast. The district of Alvalade, located in Lisbon (Portugal), was used as a case study. The district is consisted of 665 buildings that vary in both construction period and typology. Three weather scenarios (low, medium, high) and three district renovation scenarios were developed (shallow, intermediate, deep). To estimate the error, obtained heat demand values were compared with results from a dynamic heat demand model, previously developed and validated by the authors. The results showed that when only weather change is considered, the margin of error could be acceptable for some applications (the error in annual demand was lower than 20% for all weather scenarios considered). However, after introducing renovation scenarios, the error value increased up to 59.5% (depending on the weather and renovation scenarios combination considered). The value of slope coefficient increased on average within the range of 3.8% up to 8% per decade, that corresponds to the decrease in the number of heating hours of 22-139h during the heating season (depending on the combination of weather and renovation scenarios considered). On the other hand, function intercept increased for 7.8-12.7% per decade (depending on the coupled scenarios). The values suggested could be used to modify the function parameters for the scenarios considered, and improve the accuracy of heat demand estimations. Abstract The implementation of MILD combustion systems is limited by a lack of fundamental insight into such combustion regime and therefore novel tools are indispensable compared to traditional combustion systems. In this context CFD simulations for the prediction of the burner behaviour and for design and optimization appears essential for a successful introduction of such concept in some industries. Detailed chemistry has to be included in fluid-dynamics simulations in order to account for the strong turbulence-chemistry interaction in the MILD regime. An effective strategy to overcome this aspect is represented by tabulated chemistry techniques. In particular the implementation of Flamelet Generated Manifold with IML tabulation seems to be a promising tools for MILD systems and therefore high fidelity and comprehensive experimental data are needed for the assessment of such model. The present study is framed in this context and it investigates the characteristics of MILD Combustion in a Cyclonic lab-scale burner that operates with high level of internal recirculation degrees induced by a cyclonic fluid-dynamic pattern obtained by the geometrical configuration of the reactor and of the feeding system. Experimental tests were realized varying the mixture composition. Detailed measurements of local mean temperatures and concentrations of gas species at the stack for several operating conditions were used to validate the FGM model under such unconventional operating conditions. Results suggest that FGM with IML is a promising tool for modeling the complex flame structures of cyclonic MILD burner, with many aspects that need to be further investigated. INFUB-11. Abstract The implementation of MILD combustion systems is limited by a lack of fundamental insight into such combustion regime and therefore novel tools are indispensable compared to traditional combustion systems. In this context CFD simulations for the prediction of the burner behaviour and for design and optimization appears essential for a successful introduction of such concept in some industries. Detailed chemistry has to be included in fluid-dynamics simulations in order to account for the strong turbulence-chemistry interaction in the MILD regime. An effective strategy to overcome this aspect is represented by tabulated chemistry techniques. In particular the implementation of Flamelet Generated Manifold with IML tabulation seems to be a promising tools for MILD systems and therefore high fidelity and comprehensive experimental data are needed for the assessment of such model. The present study is framed in this context and it investigates the characteristics of MILD Combustion in a Cyclonic lab-scale burner that operates with high level of internal recirculation degrees induced by a cyclonic fluid-dynamic pattern obtained by the geometrical configuration of the reactor and of the feeding system. Experimental tests were realized varying the mixture composition. Detailed measurements of local mean temperatures and concentrations of gas species at the stack for several operating conditions were used to validate the FGM model under such unconventional operating conditions. Results suggest that FGM with IML is a promising tool for modeling the complex flame structures of cyclonic MILD burner, with many aspects that need to be further investigated.


OBJECTIVE: Aim of the study was to evaluate the importance of cystoscopy and rectoscopy in the preoperative management of histologically confirmed endometrial cancer. MATERIAL UND METHODS: 1. A survey was carried out in all gynecological departments in Germany to find out whether cystoscopy and rectoscopy are routinely performed during the preoperative management of histologically confirmed endometrial cancer. 2. An evaluation was made of the cystoscopy and rectoscopy findings in 220 patients with endometrial cancer and compared with the surgical findings. RESULTS: Neither carcinoma of the urinary bladder nor carcinoma of the rectum is frequently found as a secondary neoplasm to endometrial carcinoma. The percentage of urinary bladder or rectum infiltration is below 1 % when endometrial cancer is diagnosed first. Thus, these neoplasms are very rarely diagnosed using cystoscopy and rectoscopy at this point. 127 gynecological departments participated in the survey. The assessment of the relevance of cystoscopy and rectoscopy in the preoperative management of histologically confirmed endometrial cancer varied significantly between these clinics. CONCLUSION: Preoperative cystoscopy and rectoscopy should only be performed during the first diagnosis of endometrial carcinoma in cases where there is a well-founded suspicion of infiltration and in cases with FIGO stage III-IV.


General Medical Council (GMC) staff and clinical experts who investigate doctors' fitness to practise will receive "human factors" training so that the context in which doctors have to work is taken into account when the regulator takes decisions.

The move follows the case of the junior doctor Hadiza Bawa-Garba, which sparked a widespread loss of confidence among doctors regarding the GMC. After she was convicted by a jury of gross negligence manslaughter in the death from sepsis of 6 year old Jack Adcock,1 a medical practitioners tribunal decided to suspend her from the medical register rather than strike her off.2

The tribunal had taken account of substantial system failures …


Big data has been considered as an important technological change after the internet of things( IOT) and cloud computing in the field of modern information technology,which has become a frontier technology in data mining and smart applications,therefore,the development of science and technology is coming into the era of big data.This paper firstly introduced the background of the big data together with presenting the relation between big data and IOT,basic connotation and key technology,and then analyzed the demands of big data in the main applicable fields and its influence on the smart agriculture.Finally,some suggestions and thinking were put forward for the future development of big data and smart agriculture in China.


We argue in this article that many educational reforms fail to give sufficient attention to improving student learning. An important component of academic success is students' motivation and ability to take responsibility for their own learning. One way to increase academic performance is to teach students how to become self-regulated learners. We use Zimmerman's model of academic self-regulation to identify 6 dimensions of behavior that influence learning-motivation, methods of learning, use of time, control of one's physical and social environment, and performance. This model is unique in that it uses non-subject-matter outcomes of schooling to influence academic performance. We discuss each self-regulatory dimension in terms of the research supporting its effect on academic performance, as well as the developmental concerns for students in middle-level schools. Finally, we offer suggestions for how teachers can help students acquire self-regulatory skills.


Thermal analysis, solvent sorption, density measurement, and X-ray diffraction techniques were used to investigate structural changes in a variety of PVC compounds which were extruded or compression-molded at temperatures in the range 150–220°C. In all cases processing at lower temperatures in this range resulted in a disappearance of primary crystallinity and a concomitant development of secondary crystallinity, of lower order. In many cases processing above 190–200°C caused a small increase in crystallinity. It is believed that this is more ordered secondary crystallinity, which is therefore detectable by X-ray diffraction and also capable of influencing density and solvent sorption behavior. The observed structural behavior depends on shear as well as temperature. Primary crystallinity is higher in compression moldings, which have experienced lower shear levels, and the increase in crystallinity at higher temperatures is also greater. Equilibrium solvent sorption depends on the presence of primary and ordered secondary crystallinity. Diffusion is, however, unaffected as it occurs through amorphous and disordered crystalline regions only.


A thin basement coal seam mining model under different overlying strata conditions was developed using the discrete element software UDEC. This approach is used to discuss the safety mining of the thin basement coal seams. Fracture development in overlying and rock strata movement law in the stope was discussed. The relationship between support and surrounding rocks under different overlying strata conditions was analyzed. Lastly, a field industrial test was conducted based on the research results. A few major conclusions could be drawn. Under load transmission in loose water-bearing strata, causing a large-scaled rock strata movement to advance into the working face is easy when only one bearing stratum exists in the overlying strata. Meanwhile, the support bears strong loads, which can easily be collapsed. When two bearing strata exist in the overlying one, the upper bearing stratum can form a voussoir beam structure. Loads on the support decreased substantially compared with those under single bearing stratum, whilst the probability of pressing frame was reduced accordingly. A weathered zone above the stope was reinforced by ground J-type drilling pregrouting, thereby improving the physical and mechanical properties and increasing the bearing capacity of the rock strata in the grouting range and safety mining of the working face in the lower coal seams. Research results provide important references for the safety mining of thin basement coal seams under similar conditions.


Background: Neurofibromatosis (NF) is one of the most common genetic disorders with variable expression. It is characterized by neuroectodermal tumors arising within multiple organs. Case Report: We report an interesting case of 14 year old girl who presented with swelling and mild mechanical ptosis of right eye upper lid which was associated with multiple cutaneous abnormalities and fibromatosis of external genitalia. Complete excision of lid mass was done and histopathological examination revealed neurofibromatosis type I. Conclusions: The clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment and complications of neurofibromatosis are discussed.


Experimental and theoretical photoabsorption and photoionization cross sections and quantum mechanical sum rules are used to construct nonrelativistic dipole oscillator strength distributions for the following ''processes'' involving the ground state water molecule: total absorption, total ionization, total excitation to neutral species, and partial ionization to the ions H$sub 2$O$sup +$, OH$sup +$, and H$sup +$. These distributions are used to evaluate a number of dipole oscillator strength sums that are important in the radiation physics and chemistry of the water molecule and in the evaluation of the dipole properties of H$sub 2$O. Various parameters that occur in the Bethe--Born approximation for the total inelastic scattering cross sections that characterize the energy loss spectrum of fast-charged particles in water vapor are also evaluated and, where possible, compared with experimental results. The dipole oscillator strength sums are also used to evaluate the mean excitation energies for the stopping power and straggling of fast-charged particles in water vapor; I$sub 0$ = 70.8 eV and I$sub 1$ = 935 eV. (2 figs, 5 tables, 67 refs)


Hypothesis / aims of study Urogynaecology assessment in Outpatient Clinics can involves an intimate examination which from the patient's point of view it can be a very intimidating experience and should be done with due consideration and utmost respect for the patient's private space. It is extremely important to make the patient feel comfortable and our survey was aimed at gauging the patient's response to the way the Urogynaecology clinics are run at Stafford General Hospital and to see if any further improvements can be made.


The service economy is the trend of the times. The development of financial service intra-industry trade has played a significant role in the upgrading of industrial structure, the improvement of social welfare and the promotion of the international competitiveness. Through the analysis on the current situation of financial service trade in China, this paper uses the G-L index and S index to calculate the level of Chinese financial service intra-industry trade. Based on the 2000~2011 data of financial service between Hong Kong, the U.S, Japan, Germany, Singapore, France, Russia and China, through the combination of static panel data analysis and dynamic panel data analysis and the review of the influential factors of intra-industry trade, this paper reveals that the human capital investment is the most important factor on the development of Chinese financial service intra-industry trade and the importance increases in the long term. Income per capital and FDI also have impact on it, but the effect of FDI takes time to promote the development of financial intraindustry trade in China. By contrast, the influence of the difference of market size, intensity of goods trade and trade imbalance, etc. is not obvious. And further the paper make proposal from four aspects to develop the financial services intra-industry trade in China.


. As one of the main pollutants in domestic laundry wastewater, the direct discharge of linear alkylbenzene sulphonates (LAS) would cause great risks to the natural environment. In this paper, the constructed rapid infiltration system (CRIS) was applied to investigate its performance on removing LAS from domestic laundry wastewater. The laboratory tests indicated that the CRIS could treat the LAS-enriched wastewater efficiently and stably during the whole operation time (63 d) despite the big fluctuation of influent concentration. The LAS removal mainly occurs at the upper level of soil which was approximate 92%. The total removal efficiency could maintain approximate 99%. Mechanisms investigation found that the efficient removal of LAS by CRIS was the combination effects of soil adsorption and indigenous microbial degradation. The formation of alternative aerobic and anaerobic environments in the upper-level soil is necessary and important to the fast biodegradation of LAS. The treatment of LAS-enriched wastewater by CRIS exhibits little effects on the pH, oxidational and reductive value (Eh) and total nitrogen of soils but results in the reduction of organic matters. The results demonstrate that the CRIS is an effective and sustainable strategy to treat the LAS-enriched laundry wastewater in domestic residential community.


Abstract A geochemical study of the Severnaya Dvina estuary was carried out during two oceanographic cruises to the White Sea. The amount and distribution of trace (Mn, Co, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn) and major (Al and Fe) elements in suspended particulate matter and sediments were determined. The main source of most metals studied was river discharge. A metal speciation study showed that the prevailing form is in the estuarine sediments, the minerals of which incorporated 60–99% of the total metal contents. Two zones of metal accumulation were found in sediments that were considered as local geochemical barriers within the major river–sea barrier.


For generating pseudonoise (PN)-sequences using relatively simple circuits, this paper presents a class of cascaded Bitfilter for generating PN-sequences. The Bitfilter is cascaded with two Bitfilters of different lengths, and the length of the generated PN-sequences is the product of lengths of two m-sequences generated by the two Bitfilters, respectively. The design example is also presented in the paper. The result of design example has shown that the cascaded Bitfilter can generate PN-sequences whose length is the product of lengths of the two m-sequences, and that this class of Bitfilter is effective and useful in the design of PN-sequences.


We consider the interaction of a millisecond pulsar wind wit h a very inhomogeneous stellar wind from the companion star within binary system of the Black Widow or Redback types. In such case the winds should mix efficiently in the collision region. They move outside th e binary with a relatively low velocity. Electrons accelerated in such mixed, turbulent winds can efficiently i nteract with the strong radiation field. They produce not only synchrotron radiation but also γ-rays in the the Inverse Compton process. We calculate the Ge V-TeV gamma-ray fluxes expected from some millisecond pulsar bina ry systems and confront them with sensitivities of the present and future gamma-ray telescopes. It is conclude d that millisecond pulsar binary systems can create a new class of TeV gamma-ray sources. The TeV γ-ray light curve from the millisecond pulsar binary systems is expected to have the maximum when the compact object is behin d t e companion star. This is in contrust to the emission features observed in the case of massive TeV gammaray binaries such as LS I 303 61 or LS 5039.


The DEVS formalism was conceived by Zeigler [Zei84a, Zei84b] to provide a rigourous common basis for discrete-event modelling and simulation. For the class of formalisms denoted as discrete-event [Nan81], system models are described at an abstraction level where the time base is continuous ( ), but during a bounded time-span, only a finite number of relevant events occur. These events can cause the state of the system to change. In between events, the state of the system does not change. This is unlike continuous models in which the state of the system may change continuously over time. As an extension of Finite State Automata, the DEVS (Discrete Event Systems) formalism captures concepts from Discrete Event simulation. As such it is a sound basis for meaningful model exchange in the Discrete Event realm.


Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the severity of pain in preterm infants who underwent tube thoracostomy with pneumothorax and EDIN scales and to investigate the effect of two different analgesic treatments (paracetamol or fentanyl) on the EDIN scores. Material and Methods: Between January 2014 and December 2015, infants who had a gestational age of 32-37 weeks and underwent tube thoracostomy with pneumothorax were evaluated for compliance. EDIN scale was applied by two experienced nurses and scores were recorded in 6 hours. Infants receiving paracetamol or fentanyl as an analgesic treatment were studied in 2 groups. Results: A total of 50 infants were analyzed, 27 with paracetamol treatment and 23 with fentanyl treatment. There was no difference between the first EDIN scores (9 and 8 p> 0.01 respectively). The EDIN score recorded at the 6th hour was significantly lower in the fentanyl group (5 and 7, p <0.01). In both groups, the second recorded score was significantly lower than the first scored (p <0.01). Conclusion: Both analgesic treatments showed that the pain intensity scores due to tube thoracostomy decreased, but this decrease was more pronounced in the fentanyl group. These findings need to be supported by studies using different pain assessment scales with large-scale randomized controlled trials.


Mental health practitioners' positions on the etiology and treatment of mental illness have traditionally been studied from a unidimensional perspective, assuming a bipolar attitudinal continuum ranging from psychosocial to medical ideology. This assumption is tested from the responses of 82 psychologists and 69 psychiatrists to the newly developed 63-item, 6-point Likert scale, Mental Health Questionnaire (MHQ). Factor analysis detected 6 distinctive factors: biogenetic psychopathology, psychosocial perspectives, medical ideology, diagnosis, drug treatment, and sociocultural values.