In a mobile terminal (10), a position information which is received by a position information detecting section (12) is transmitted to a base station. A determining section (34) in the base station determines whether or not the received position information indicates a non-communication area which is then stored in a memory device (35). If the position information indicates a no-communication area, a communication impossible information is transmitted to the mobile terminal (10). When the communication impossible information is received, a wireless communication section (19) in the mobile terminal (10) is notified that a network is disconnected. By putting out a network disconnection request by a communication controlling section (36), the network is disconnected. Consequently, use of themobile terminal is prohibited in an area where a mobile terminal should preferably be restricted.


In modern advertising, more attention is paid to motivating customers rather than only persuading them. Moreover, advertisements, especially on social networks, are becoming mostly image-based. Therefore, the purpose of this paper was to analyze the convergence of visual and verbal semiotic codes used in Instagram advertisements and study how it creates the desired pragmatic effect. Rhetorical-semiotic and marketing research methods were applied to analyze semiotic codes of 200 Instagram advertising posts of Volkswagen and Škoda and measure the engagement of the audience. The results demonstrate that the purposeful organization of visual and verbal semiotic codes in advertisements increases customers' participation. Moreover, common ideologies and values underlined in advertisements tend to encourage customers for response. Therefore, the present study proved that modern online advertising can be considered a two-way communication form.


This paper makes a comparison between the slow globally convergent list-mode COSEM and the fast but nonconvergent classical list-mode OSEM methods and produce a way to get a fast and effective COSEM called the enhanced COSEM(ECOSEM). The former globally convergent algorithm is based on the ordered sets expectation maximization algorithm for binned data but has several extensions that make it suitable for two planar detector tomography that are rotating but experience certain limitations. The image estimate measured from the PET scanner is incrementally updated for each coincidence event measured. The events obtained are used as soon as possible, that improves the current image estimate, and therefore the convergence speed towards the maximum-likelihood is accelerated. We provide a simulated result to overcome those limitations and to reconstruct the image with maximum-likelihood.


This paper describes in detail the basic theory of supply chain management,supply chain uncertainty and the existence of the "bullwhip effect" was analyzed and pointed out the existence of the traditional inventory management shortcomings and problems.In-depth study of the supply chain environment,spare parts inventory management model,in which VMI and related models described JMI.


We hypothesize that activated T cell percentage varies inversely with serum activity of the detoxifying enzyme butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) in psoriatics. Peripheral blood from 9 psoriatic and 15 healthy Kuwaitis was analyzed for percentage of peripheral blood CD3+ populations by 3-color flow cytometry; and for serum BuChE activity using buterylthiocholine iodide and spectrophotometry. When compared to healthy subjects, psoriasitics exhibited significantly elevated percentages of: CD4+CD25+ (p = 0.033); CD4+HLA-DR+ (p = 0.002); CD4+CD45RO+ (p = 0.021); and CD8+HLA-DR+ (p = 0.013). Comparison of serum BuChE between the two groups revealed the average activities in psoriatic blood to be 1.36′0.09 mMol enzyme/min/mg protein, significantly elevated relative to healthy controls 1.11′0.09 (p = 0.028). Pearson correlations revealed significantly inverse relationships between serum BuChE activity and percentage of CD4+CD45RO+ cells in psoriatics (p = 0.046) and nonsignificant relationships between this immunophenotype and BuChE activty in blood of healthy subjects (p = 0.811). Results of this preliminary study likely support the hypothesis, with the mechanism remaining to be defined.


This paper examines the feasibility of networked environments as the basis for image information systems. Experiments are conducted to investigate the effect of the network on an image display application, using an Ethernet network. It is shown that for typical configurations the network is not the major bottleneck in display of large images. The major factors are the display software used, CPU performance and the workstation memory capacity. To generate significant delays due to network traffic with a small workgroup setup, an artificial configuration was required that would not be employed in practice. To support larger image datasets and greater numbers of users, options for enhancing the network are examined.


This paper presents a novel modulated series dynamic braking resistor (MSDBR) control strategy for enhancing the fault ride-through (FRT) of doubly fed induction generator-based wind turbines. The proposed cost-effective protection scheme introduces a voltage booster that offers series voltage compensation capability and provides a means of power evacuation to mitigate the power imbalance during grid faults. To attain flexible and robust control solution for handling both balanced and unbalanced grid faults, the proposed scheme employs a modulated pulse width modulation (PWM) switching technique to control the stator phase voltage individually. The proposed transient management scheme allows the MSDBR to mitigate the impact from different types of grid faults and to fulfill with the recent grid code requirement. Also, reactive current injection capability during faults is also investigated with the proposed voltage reference algorithm. For the controller design, small-signal modeling is utilized with consideration of measurement dynamics for the tuning of controller parameters in order to ensure the system robustness and stability. Finally, the simulation results demonstrate the satisfactory performance of the MSDBR with its preferred allocation for enhancing the FRT performance against both balanced and unbalanced faults.


AR will become ubiquitous and with it, many challenges emerge in a socio-technical context. Given the wide range of devices not all AR is made equal. From what the AR is technically capable of, to who is using it, and how it looks; there are different perceptions of different devices. From the heterogeneous landscape of AR, the social circumstances of informational inequality can emerge giving way to a social advantage or hierarchy. Furthermore, when AR becomes ubiquitous, it can be used to mediate perceptions of reality which can be applied in moderating communication in a multi-user environment [Mann (2002)]. In this Doctoral Consortium (DC) paper I motivate a vision, outline some challenges, report on progress already made and speculate the next steps in how to understand and direct the influence of perceptions to overcome, rather than increase the prevalence of social inequality.


The bearings of the slab continuous casting machine were inspected after the campaign of a segment. The operation time was one campaign (1,5 year or 1,5 million of tonnes produced). In the central bearings of the long rolls, 14 roller bearings were inspected, being 2 of these SKF with bainitic microstructure and the other 12 of another manufacturer with martensitic microstructure. The SKF bearings were at Explorer performance class and upgraded, evidencing safe failure mode, differently from the other bearings, which presented strong subsurface initiated fatigue (spalling), fatigue fractures and overheating. The continuous casting application is very critical for bearings, as it contemplates overloading, shock loadings, water and solid contamination and high operation temperatures. Even though, bainitic microstructe bearings service life was extended.


Peter Tindukin Birteeb*, Alfred Kofi Essuman and Frederick Adzitey Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University for Development Studies, Box TL 1882, Tamale, Ghana *Corresponding author's Email: firstname.lastname@example.com Received: 26 Aug. 2016 Accepted: 21 Sep. 2016 ABSTRACT The study was undertaken to identify the variations among morphometric traits of local chicken in the Gomoa West district of Ghana. Thirteen body measurements namely Weight (WT), Body Length (BDL), Chest Circumference (CC), Thigh Circumference (TC), Shank Length (SL), Neck Length (NL), Wing Length (WGL), Head Length (HDL), Hip Length (HL), Wattle Length (WAL), Beak Length (BKL), Drumstick Length (DL) and Comb Length (CL) were taken on 500 birds and analyzed under general linear model to determine the fixed effects of sex, comb type, feather distribution and skin colour on variabilities in the traits. The male birds had significantly (P<0.001) larger heads (NL=9.11 cm, HDL=6.59 cm, CL=5.23 cm etc.) and bodies (WT=1.19 kg, BDL=24.64 cm, CC=14.32 cm etc.) than their female counterparts. Cushion comb-type chickens were significantly (P<0.001) superior to all other comb-type chickens in all head and body measurements. Feather distribution had significant (P<0.05) influence on WT and BDL, as naked neck birds appeared superior. Birds with grey skin colour had significantly (P<0.001) larger chest circumference than all other birds. These findings could be useful as selection criterion, thereby providing a basis for genetic manipulation and improvements of the local chicken in Ghana.


This paper presents an assessment method to measure the lean transformation (LT) stage of an LT enterprise. Although there are many assessment tools to measure the various aspects of lean practices in enterprises, there is none to measure the stage of LT using the enterprise transformation characteristics from enterprise level. In this paper, the characteristic metrics and characteristic model of LT cycle were extracted from the basic capacity, process power and transformation results. Then, an assessment approach based on fuzzy nearness degree and TOPSIS is proposed to determine the stage of LT. Finally, an example is shown to highlight the procedure of the proposed method. This paper shows that the proposed model is very well suited as an assessment tool for enterprises in the manufacturing industry and other industries to evaluate the LT stage.


The Russian thistle (tumbleweed) seed harvesting and species diversity are described. The baled and cubed Russian thistle was ground and processed into artificial fireplace logs. (MHR)


Objective To clarify the signal transduction pathway of myeloid cell leukemia-1(mcl-1) gene in the pathogenesis of multiple myeloma via studying the mcl-1 gene expression of dependent and independent IL-6 in myeloma cells.Methods The JAK inhibitor AG490,protein kinase inhibitor LY294002,and ERK1/2 signaling pathway specific inhibitor PD98059 were used to explore the relationship between mcl-1 gene and the three signal pathways: JAK/STAT,Ras/MAPK and PI3K/Akt in multiple myeloma.Results In multiple myeloma cells(8226 and U266),inhibition of ERK1/2 activity failed to change the expression of mcl-1.AG490,even at a high concentration,did not inhibit the tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT3;LY294002 inhibited the proliferation of 8226 and ANBL-6 cells,but it showed no inhibition on the expression of mcl-1.Conclusion Ras/MAPK pathway and PI3K pathway have no effect on the regulation of mcl-1 gene,but the role of STAT still needs further exploration.


Land cover change impacts ecosystem function across the globe. The use of land cover data is vital in the detection of these changes over time; however, most available land cover products, such as the National Land Cover Dataset (NLCD), are produced relatively infrequently. The most recent NLCD at the time of this research was produced in 2006 and does not adequately reflect the impact of land cover changes that have occurred since, including the occurrence of two large wildfires in 2008 in our study area. Therefore, there is a need for the classification of historical remotely sensed data, such as Landsat scenes, through replicable methods. While it is possible to collect field data coinciding with current or future Landsat acquisitions, it is impossible to retrospectively collect data for previous years; thus, fewer studies have focused on the classification of historical scenes. Using a single year of field reference and multi-year aerial photography data, we applied a simple decision tree classifier to accurately classify historic satellite data and produced maps of land cover to incorporate the effects of 2008 wildfires occurring between NLCD production dates. Overall accuracy ranged from 76 to 90 percent and was assessed using conventional error matrices.


A suppressor mutation is a genetic change which removes the mutant phenotype associated with another mutation, and which is separable from the first mutation by recombination. Of particular interest are suppressor mutations which act at the level of translation of the gene modified by the first mutation. In this context, it is useful to consider if the lesion occasioned by the original mutation leads to the formation of a mis-sense or nonsense triplet. A mis-sense triplet results in an amino acid substitution,' while a nonsense triplet results in an untranslatable codon.2 Extragenic suppression of a mis-sense triplet has been demonstrated for an allele of the tryptophan synthetase system' of Escherichia coli. In the same organism, extragenic suppression of a nonsense triplet has been demonstrated for certain ambivalent alleles of the A cistron of the rII system of phage T4,1 for certain amber mutants of the cistron which codes for the head protein of T4,4 for a mutant (020) allele of the fl-galactosidase structural gene,5' 6 and for a mutant allele of the alkaline phosphatase structural gene.7 The mechanism(s) of suppression of mis-sense or nonsense triplets has not been demonstrated experimentally. It has been speculated that alterations of either an activating enzyme or a transfer-RNA could account for suppression.8 More recently, ribosomes have been implicated as another component whose alteration can result in suppression.9 Needless to say, alteration of any component of the translation system which does or can interact with messenger-RNA during the translation process might result in suppression. Whatever the mechanism, it might be expected that alteration of the translation machinery of a cell would, in certain instances, affect the translation of genetic information other than the original mutant triplet.3 This type of alteration of the translation machinery could be indicated by an unusual physiological behavior of a strain harboring the responsible suppressor mutation. In this paper, we report the properties of certain mutants capable of suppressing the lacphenotype determined by the "operator negative" mutations in strain 2320(X) of E. coli. The suppressors were selected for further study because of their concomitant acquisition of (a) the ability to suppress a set of rII mutants of phage T4 and certain mutants of T7,6 11 and (b) a variety of new physiological properties not obviously related to suppression of the lacphenotype. Suppression of the lacphenotype is thought to be accomplished by the acquisition of the ability to translate the nonsense triplet in the 020 allele in strain 2320(X).6 12 Pleiotropic ef-


This study analyzes several variables that affect teacher performance in North Aceh. The variable that wants to be disclosed is Competence. Respondents in this study are 198 junior high school teachers in North Aceh. Leadership, motivation and their influence on teacher performance. The sampling method used is a saturated sample. The data analysis method used is Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) using AMOS 21 software. From the results of the study, it can be seen that the influence of competence on motivation is not significant, the influence of leadership on motivation is very significant. Meanwhile, the influence of competence on teacher performance is also very significant. Likewise, the influence of leadership on teacher performance is also significant. Motivation was also found to mediate the influence between Competence and Leadership on Teacher Performance. It is recommended to improve teacher performance, it is hoped that the leadership or principal of SMP Negeri in North Aceh Regency to improve teacher competence, improve leadership abilities and also increase motivation for teachers so that their performance will increase in the future.


In road management several road user costs (RUC) models have been used. Some of the most important ones were analysed to provide the conceptual basis for a new RUC model for application in Portuguese trunk road net. As in the great majority of the analysed models, three main components of road user costs were considered in the proposed model, namely: vehicle operating costs, accident costs and value of time. Eventually it can also be added a component related with tolling costs. This paper presents the formulation to estimate RUC components suitable to the Portuguese road network; the necessary input values to apply the model (2006 values calibrated through data obtained from transportation associations and companies' surveys); and, two applications to Portuguese road networks under private concession. The model was developed aiming at simplicity, reduced data requirements (selected data is usually available), easy calibration, easy application and trustworthy results. The main goal was to provide the needed tool to integrate RUC in Portuguese pavement management systems economic analysis considering that, nowadays, no RUC model is being used in Portugal. For the covering abstract see ITRD E144473.


ABSTRACT To stand out among the large variations of websites that exist, users should have a good experience. Earlier research found that a good experience influences important user behavior statistics, such as further use of the website. Complexity seems to play a role in the usability of websites and a blockage or delay in reaching the goal leads to negative feelings such as frustration. In this study, FaceReader Online, a tool to measure facial expressions via the internet, was used to measure the effect of the complexity of website design and website tasks on the facial expression anger. Because the expression scores had a low intensity, we calculated a metric for the peak expression. The results indicated that in the more complex tasks the facial expression of anger was higher. These results suggest that the automatically detected facial expression anger could be used to measure usability aspects of a website.


The invention discloses a display and an ultra-thin glass joint structure and a stripping method thereof. The ultra-thin glass joint structure comprises an ultra-thin glass layer, a bonding layer and a carrier substrate which are bonded in sequence; the bonding layer comprises a plurality of first elastic stretching structures arranged in a tilted manner, and every two first elastic stretching structures are arranged in a separated manner; the stripping method includes: driving the first elastic stretching structures in the bonding layer to expand; stripping the ultra-thin glass layer; the display device comprises the ultra-thin glass layer which are stripped by means of stripping. The every two first elastic stretching structures in the bonding layer are arranged in a separated manner, in other words, gaps are reserved between the every two first elastic stretching structures, so that more spaces exist between bonding surfaces of the ultra-thin glass layer and the carrier substrate, bonding area of the ultra-thin glass layer and the carrier substrate is greatly reduced, adsorption capacity of the ultra-thin glass layer and the carrier substrate is lowered, the difficulty in stripping ultra-thin glass from a carrier is lowered, damage to the ultra-thin glass is avoided, and yield of finished products is increased.


The Frame Relaying Service will provide the opportunity to offer packet-like frame transmission service at the Link Layer (layer 2 of the OSI model) at speeds up to 1.5 Mbps. Frame Relaying will be able to minimize processing overhead and allow for fast switching speeds and greater throughput. The initial application of the Frame Relaying service is expected to be the interconnection of local area networks (LANs) and personal computers (PCs) which inherently possess their own higher layer functions, such as flow control and error recovery capabilities. Frame Relaying can convey LAN frames basically unchanged or with minimal changes between communicating LANs. The ease of inter-LAN and PC to PC connections is a significant advantage and may become a critical characteristic of the potential service. >


How can we end a deliberation? What is the concrete result that a deliberative forum may address to the institutions and the public? The deliberative theory is not clear on this issue, while the practice tends to switch between different solutions. In principle, the conclusion of a deliberation should meet two criteria: faithfulness and straightforwardness. Since these criteria are contradictory, practical experiences tend to favour one of them. Through the analysis of the most diffused practices, the paper considers four types of conclusions, two of them point mostly on fidelity (the "mirror conclusions") and two on straightforwardness (the "proposal conclusions").  The strengths and weaknesses of these four types of conclusion are then evaluated.


The processes of heat and mass transfer in systems with liquid-gas interface are of interest to a wide range of problems. Thermocapillary flows have an important role in such systems. Thermocapillary deformation of silicone oil layer was investigated using laser scanning confocal microscope Zeiss LSM 510 Meta. The numerical solution of the problem was obtained in the lubrication approximation theory for two-dimensional axisymmetric thermocapillary flow. The model takes into account the surface tension, viscosity, gravity and heat transfer in the substrate. Evaporation is neglected. The numerical algorithm for the joint solution of the energy equation and the evolution equation for the liquid layer thickness has been developed. Stationary solutions have been obtained by the establishment method. The dependences of the depth of thermocapillary deformation on the layer thickness were obtained for silicone oils of different viscosities. It was found that the value of the relative deformation decreases nonlinearly with increasing the initial layer thickness. There is a good qualitative agreement of numerical results and experimental data.


A steady-state thermal hydraulic interaction code THINC was programed in FORTRAN for the IBM-7090 digital computer in order to calculate the density, velocity, and pressure distribution in a semi-open or closed channel core. The effects of boiling on the axial and transverse flow are included within the limitations of current engineering correlations. The spatial distribution of heat generation is required as input. (auth)


A highly diastereoselective addition of various Grignard reagents to chiral gamma-chlorinated N-tert-butanesulfinyl imine resulting in the formation of 2-substituted pyrrolidines is reported. This method is general and also efficient for the preparation of both enantiomers of 2-aryl, 2-alkyl and 2-vinyl substituted pyrrolidines in high yields.


This paper formulates "partition type fuzzy integral" which is a fuzzy integral of functions on a partition of the set of all attributes. The identity of it is the set of intermediate fuzzy integrals between the linear form and the usual multilinear fuzzy integrals. In this fuzzy integral, any combination of attributes in the same macro-attribute yields no interactions, but any set of attributes, each member of which belongs to a distinct macro-attribute, causes an interaction. Therefore, we can extract only the essential interactions from the evaluation process by discovering the best expressive partition. An application to a concrete evaluation problem shows the effectiveness of this model.


The debate surrounding the development and underdevelopment trajectory evidence in Africa continues to attract attention from scholars, development practitioners, and even students of politics. Walter Rodney's book 'How Europe Underdeveloped Africa' remains one of the most consulted by those who opposed the modernization school of thought. By providing a sequential analysis of this book, this review makes a foray into the major argument of his brilliant piece. It further elaborates on the contemporary relevance of his book in the 21st century.


This paper develops a generic geometry-based stochastic model for mobile-to-mobile (M2M) Ricean fading channels. From the generic model, the level crossing rate (LCR) and average fade duration (AFD) are derived. Based on the derived expressions, we for the first time investigate the LCR and AFD for M2M channels with different vehicular traffic densities (VTDs). Excellent agreement is achieved between the theoretical results and measured data, demonstrating the utility of the proposed model.


Summary: This study aimed to evaluate whether age, gender, type of school and parental education could predict executive performance in school-age children. Unconstrained, phonemic and semantic verbal fluency tasks (n = 402), as well as the Hayling Sentence Completion Test (n = 275) and the Random Number Generation task (n = 274) were administered to typically developing 6-to-12-year-old children. A hierarchical regression analysis was performed (p ≤ 0.05). The most significant explanatory models involved child age and parental education, as well as these two variables in addition to the type of school attended by the child. The main individual predictors of executive performance were age and school type. These results may be related to structural and functional alterations in the brain, an increased repertoire of cognitive strategies, the effects of education and the intensity of environmental cognitive stimulation. These findings may contribute to the development of stimulation and intervention programs for EF in clinical and educational settings.Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Objective:To evaluate effects of cryopreservation and different freezing methods on the ultrastructure of acrosome of human sperm.Methods:To cryopreservate human sperm for 1 year with the quick freezing method and the slow freezing method,the ultrastructure of acrosome will be observed by electron microscope before and after freezing and compare the change of the ultrastructure of acrosome of human sperm before and after freezing and different freezing methods.Results:We find out that sperms with approximate normal(abnormal) ultrastructure of acrosome decreased(increased) significantly after freezing and sperms with approximate normal(abnormal) ultrastructure of acrosome decreased(increased) significantly after quick freezing method than those after slow freezing method.Conclusion:These studies indicate that cryopreservation may result in the ultrastructure of acrosome of human sperm damaged and the ultrastructure of acrosome will be less damaged after slow freezing method than those after quick freezing method.


Emission-line radial velocities for 22 and 35 H II regions have been measured in the actively star-forming irregular galaxies NGC 4214 and NGC 4449, respectively. Echelle data show that in both galaxies the velocity dispersion is comparable with any systematic motions. Both galaxies have velocity gradients greater than about 20 km/s on scales of several hundred parsecs. Because these systems contain large amounts of gas, the velocity discontinuities can probably be maintained for only about a rotation time, or for about 100 million years. The gas compression which must result from the nonequilibrium velocity fields in these two systems probably triggered the bursts of star formation. It is suggested that the chaotic velocity fields result from a recent merger or collision with another small system or gas cloud(s). The close, small, gas-rich companions of both NGC 4214 and NGC 4449 lend support to this hypothesis. 38 references.


The patient was born with the Arnold-Chiari deformity (a congenital displacement of cerebellar tonsils, often causing obstructive hydrocephalus), spina bifida manifesta with distal sacral agenesis, and secondary urine and stool incontinence which had required him to wear protective undergarments until the age of 18. Shortly after birth, a ventriculoperitoneal shunt had been installed, but had subsequently become nonfunctional. For his congenital bladder and bowel dysfunction, he had undergone a total of 32 operations (all performed at other institutions). These included a colostomy 13 years prior to this admission, as well as the construction of an artificial urinary sphincter 6 years later which was eventually excised because of infection. The last urologic procedure had taken place six months before this admission, and had consisted of a reconstruction of the bladder with the placement of a permanent suprapubic catheter. He had no other congenital anomalies or past surgical or medical problems of note other than numerous urinary tract infections. During the treatment of these infections, he had developed mild cutaneous allergic symptoms to cephalexin (first generation cephalosporin) and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, which had required their discontinuation. He had no other known allergies and was taking no medications at the time of his admission. He denied any alcohol, tobacco, or illicit drug use.


Interpersonal skills practice using virtual humans offers structured learning of interview skills, provides standardization of practice, and can facilitate learning about unusual conditions. However, the creation of virtual humans with the ability to understand and respond to natural language requires costly engineering by conversation knowledge engineers (generally computer scientists), and incurs logistical cost for acquiring domain knowledge from domain experts (generally educators). We address these problems using two novel methods entitled Human-centered Distributed Conversational Modeling and Conversational Knowledge Reuse. These methods facilitate collaborative development of virtual humans by two groups of end-users: domain experts (educators) and domain novices (students). We implemented these methods in a web-based authoring tool called Virtual People Factory. Using Virtual People Factory, medical and pharmacy educators create natural language virtual patient interactions. This dissertation presents the theoretical background for Human-centered Distributed Conversational Modeling and Conversational Knowledge Reuse; the implementation of the Virtual People Factory authoring tools; and studies showing that these methods have reduced the logistical cost of acquiring knowledge and thereby improved the feasibility of applying virtual human based interpersonal simulation to real-world education.


 Dr. Abhijit Sinha, Assistant Professor, Department of Commerce, Vidyasagar University, West Bengal, India  Mr. Dipak Kundu, Assistant Professor, Department of Commerce, Kazi Nazrul Islam Mahavidyalaya, Paschim Burdwan, Asansol, West Bengal, India The focus of the paper is to analyze the position of personal loans disbursed by the scheduled commercial banks in India for the period of 2004-05 to 2015-16 (latest data available from the RBI report on personal loan details). RBI data show that the maximum share of total personal loan goes mostly to the Southern region which is distantly followed by the Western region and a very small percentage remains for the North-Eastern region. With regard to the regional concentration of the personal loan portfolio of banks, the Herfindahl-Hirschman index (HHI) value lies in the range of 2379 to 2604. In terms of inequality in distribution across the regions, disparity is quite high with Gini coefficient value ranging between 35 and 40 during the period. In terms of growth rate of personal loan per capita, the Southern and Western regions come at number two and three respectively. The growth in this loan category in the North-East is surprisingly more than the other states and this is mainly due to the sudden rise in flow of this loan during the past few years. With regard to the inter-regional difference, the statistical tests show a significant difference among the regions. Abstract


Child poverty in the United States has averaged around 20% since the late 1970s. During this time period, it has been consistently and considerably higher than poverty rates for other age groups. The case is often made that poverty in the United States is greatly underestimated. The many problems involved in measuring aggregate poverty rate also plague measures of child poverty. This article focuses on how interest payments on prior consumer debt affect government calculations of child poverty. After summarizing the negative consequences of child poverty, we use the Federal Reserve's Survey of Consumer Finances to estimate child poverty rates by subtracting interest payments on consumer debt from household income. The article concludes with some policy proposals for reducing child poverty and the number of households (especially those with children) who are "debt poor."


The present invention for producing a dicarboxylic acid constitutional unit comprising a polyester resin and has a cyclic acetal skeleton is a diol structural unit comprises reacting a cyclic acetal skeleton is a diol (A) and the ester (D) transesterification step (1) and the major resulting oligomer is converted to a polymer of step (2). Step (1) meet the specification requirements (i) to (iv). The method of the present invention, by transesterification of environmentally friendly production of excellent mechanical properties and moldability of the polyester resin stably.


Russian education from Peter's age the former Soviet Union,is to a period is all to make the Russian person proud of after the disintegration.But enter after 21 centuries,the Russian federal government is to reduces to circulate the condition a duty for should taking to the education organization by the root with alleviate the government public finance supports,positive propulsion educate of commercialise,the market turn,privatization with serve to turn,Russia education face new an important reformation.


This paper investigates 1276 technicians of 40 typical Enterprises in domestic aviation industry by using interview and questionnaire survey procedure for the quality of working life(QWL). It researches the factors affecting QWL, the factor's impact in different individual characteristic and work region, the correlation between QWL and organizational learning capability, the correlation between QWL and organizational performance, the correlation between QWL and creativity, the correlation between QWL and motivation, the correlation between QWL and resignation tendency by using factors analysis, One-way Anova and correlation analysis. Depending on the above results, the suggestions for improving aviation industry's technicians' QWL could be proposed.


We investigate the retrieval properties of Hebbian auto-associative memories in the limit of sparse coding. Appropriately chosen threshold control strategies in nite size associa-tive memories increase the completion capacity for iterative retrieval (and even for the very fast two-step retrieval) above the asymptotic capacity for extremely large networks. We relate these results to a biologically motivated network consisting of excitatorily coupled cells which are controlled by a globally acting inhibitory interneuron. Choosing a homogenous coupling matrix and diierent excitatory single neuron types, we nd in an explicit numerical comparison, that the global behavior of spiking neurons in general is diierent from rate-function and probabilistic binary units. We also show that a network of spiking neurons with Hebbian coupling matrix is able to complete and segregate several distorted patterns that are simultaneously presented at the input. In this case the global dynamics falls into rhythmic activity and processes one input pattern per period, a behavior that might be related to rhythmic cortical activity as found, for example, in the visual cortices of cats and monkeys.


Background: The aim is to compare the improvement in pre-induction Bishop's score, proportion of patients going in labor and induction–delivery interval after using the Misoprostol versus Mifepristone and Misoprostol as cervical ripening and labor inducing agent.Methods: It is retrospective comparative study conducted on 110 women. Women were randomized in group A and in group B of 55 patients in each group. Group A received tab Mifepristone 200 mg orally on day 1 followed by Misoprostol 25 ug after 48 hours and continued 6 hourly till maximum four tablets and group B patients received tablet Misoprostol 25ug and continued 25ug 6hrly maximum 4 doses. Women observed for improvement in Bishop"s score, induction-delivery interval and requirement of subsequent doses of Misoprostol.Results: Present study concluded that tablet Mifepristone is an efficient cervical ripening and inducing agent of labor as pre-induction Bishop's score was improved. 36.4%patients went into labor only with tablet Mifepristone. The mean induction-delivery interval was,19±12.2hrs in Group 1 as compare to 13.1±13.0 hrs in Group 2. Mean Bishop's score observed in Group 1 were 2.5±1.78 and 1.67±1.25 in Group 2. It was observed that there was significant improvement in the Bishop's score after giving Mifepristone to the patients; mean Bishop's 24hrs after mifepristone were 4.03±1.80. Repeated dose of Misoprostol required in Group 1 was observed to be higher than group 2 as shown in table 8. Mean misoprostol doses required in group 1 was 2.56±1.15 as compared to 1.71±1.58 in group 2.Conclusions: Mifepristone with Misoprostol reduce the induction delivery interval and more potent in combination for induction of labour as compared to Misoprostol alone.


The development of banking is evolutionary in nature. There is no single answer to the question of what is banking because, a bank performs a multitude of function and services which cannot be comprehended into a single definition for a common man, a bank means a store house of money, for a businessman it is an institution of finance and for a worker it may be a depository for his savings. It may explain in brief as "banking is what a bank does". But it is no clear enough to understand the subject in full. The oxford dictionary defines a bank as "an establishment for the custody of money which it pays out on a customer's order". But this definition is also not enough, because it considers the deposit accepting and repayment function only. The meaning of the bank can be understood only by its function as a free is known by its fruits. As any other subjects, it has its own origin, growth and development.


phenomenon. Other areas that invite study are the intersection between YouTube Shakespeare and youth culture, which has been particularly important to criticism of digital Ophelias, and more broadly, the place of YouTube Shakespeare within the world of Web 2.0 applications and the Digital Humanities. It is heartening to see the Arden Shakespeare series attending to Shakespeare in new media, and Shakespeare and YouTube offers a good model for future studies of this kind.


The utility model discloses a reinforcement drawing mould device on an A column which comprises an upper die base, a concave die, a convex die, a blank holder and a lower die base, and is characterized in that the concave die and the upper die base are combined into a whole part; the convex die and the lower die base are combined into a whole part; the blank holder is distributed on the lower die base surrounding the convex die; the lower die base and the blank holder are in slip connection through a plurality of guide plates; the upper die base and the blank holder are in slip connection through a plurality of upper die guide plates and a plurality of upper guide plates; and a safety bolt passes through the blank holder and the lower die base for threaded connection. The drawing mould has the benefits that corresponding rebound modulus is given on a product in the mould design process, the molding effect is good, the loading requirement can be fully met, and the product quality is ensured.


Now it has been big challenge to detect the malware files from the computer systems. In previous work an automatic and robust tool to analyze and classify the file samples is needed so had developed an intelligent malware detection system (IMDS) by adopting associative classification method based on the analysis of application programming interface (API) execution calls. Despite its good performance in malware detection, IMDS still faces the following two challenges: 1) handling large set of the generated rules to build the classifier and 2) finding effective rules to build for classifying new file samples. In this paper, we first systematically evaluate to effects of the post processing techniques (e.g., rule pruning, rule ranking, and rule selection) of associative classification in malware detection, and then, propose an effective way, i.e., CIDCPF, to detect the malware from the "gray list". CIDCPF adapts the post processing techniques as follows: first applying Chi-square testing and insignificant rule pruning followed by using database coverage based on the Chi-square testing and insignificant rule pruning followed by using Database coverage based on the Chi-square measure rule ranking mechanism and Pessimistic error estimation, and finally performing prediction by selecting the best First rule. We have incorporated the CIDCPF method into our existing IMDS system, and we call the new system as CIMDS system. In particular, our CIMDS system can greatly reduce the number of generated rules, which makes it easy for our virus analysts to identify the useful ones. In this paper we are going to extend the CIMDS system from the following aspects, collect more detailed information about the API calls, such as their dependencies and timestamps and use it for better malware detection. We will investigate such as frequent structure mining to capture the complex relationships among the API calls, predict the types of malware. Our CIMDS currently only provides binary predictions, i.e., whether a PE files is malicious or not. A natural extension is to predict the different types of malware.


Model Predictive Control (MPC) for grid-connected inverters has been presented in this paper. The standard proportional-integral controller based system is replaced by this control method for a two-level inverter using Euler's approximation technique to improve the inverter's dynamic response. To anticipate the grid-connected inverter's longer-term behaviour, a replacement predictive mathematical model is offered, which is likened to the reference signal to decide the system's cost function. With this MPC approach, the cost functions of the converter are derived using all possible switching vectors. The associated switching vector for the minimal possible function is then chosen to activate the inverter switches throughout the subsequent sampling instant. The suggested scheme is validated in Simulink to verify its effectiveness and performance. In comparison to the PI-based controller, total harmonic distortion (THD) and current error are minimized.


Prior to this study, there are several previous researches that examine the factors that influence the granting of going concern audit opinion. However, the results of these studies are still generating inconsistencies. Therefore this research was made to reexamine some of the factors that indicated may affect the granting of going concern audit opinion. This study used secondary data, which is Property and Real Estate Company listed on the Indonesian stock exchange for period 2012 to 2014. Population used in this research is 49 companies taken from IDX and then through the purposive sampling process, 19 companies are elected to be sample. Logistic regression analysis is used as the technique to test the hypothesis. Results of hypothesis testing concluded that the audit opinion the previous year and the leverage ratio are proven to positively influence the going concern audit opinion. While the liquidity ratio has significant negative influence on going concern audit opinion. However, this study cannot prove that profitability ratio possessed has significant influence on the granting of going concern audit opinion. Keywords: audit, going concern audit opinion, financial ratio, previous year audit opinion, and logistic regression


Quantitative spectroscopic experiments in shock tubes such as f-number measurements [for example (1)] require an absolute calibration of the optical system, monochromator, and detector. This is very often done for ultraviolet transitions around 3000-3500A with a tungsten strip filament lamp for which emissivities are known (2).


This study critically analyses the nexus between political regimes/government policies, corporations' magnitude and profitability level and accrual, real or holistic earnings management among corporations in Nigeria. With this objective, a sample of 1173 observations was collected from 51 corporations for 23 years from 1999 to 2021. Adopting the ex-post-facto design, three hypotheses formed three models analysed with the manova and mvreg. The result showed that political regimes/government policies are evidently statistically significant and determine the extent to which corporations engage in either accrual, real or holistic earnings management. It further showed that corporation magnitude (corpmagt) influence is negative and statistically significant across all the dependent variables; accrual earnings management (accrmgt), real earnings management (realmgt) and holistic earnings management (hoengmgt) while corporation profitability level (cproflev) is positive to accrmgt and negative to both realmgt and hoengmgt. In line with the aforementioned result, it was recommended, amongst others, that CEOs and shareholders of corporations should tighten their supervisory roles by carefully scrutinising all management actions with respect to their reporting policies, choice of accounting treatment and full disclosure.


The difficult task of combining motherhood and career resonates strongest among homeschooling mothers. The current study examines the career changes experienced by Israeli homeschooling mothers, and their subsequent perceptions of career. The study was conducted using 27 interviews with Israeli homeschooling mothers, an analysis of relevant internet forums, and personal documentation. Findings revealed that while the ability to work outside of the home is a tangible possibility for homeschooling mothers, gender role conventions place the majority of home-related responsibilities on their shoulders. They are thus more likely to take up part-time positions with flexible hours, working from home, or other adaptations that accommodate intense motherhood. Interviewees described a sense of content with their reality, but between the lines, a more complex story of concessions emerges.


Data from 1250 rural women collected during a survey in Sudharam upazila in Noakhali district in Bangladesh were analyzed to study family planning practices by examining educational and occupational status. All couples understood the need for family planning yet only 21.5% practiced it. 16.7% of illiterate couples practiced family planning compared with 22.2% for those with primary education and 28.9% for those with at least secondary education (p<.01). Family planning use rose as the level of education of the fathers-and mothers-in-law (p<.01) rose. In fact the level of education of the mother-in-law had more of an effect on family planning use than did that of the father-in-law. For example 51.1% of the respondents who at least attended secondary school and had mothers-in-law who also at least attended secondary school practiced family planning compared with 47.8% for those who had similar education and fathers-in-law with similar education. The educational level of the womens own mothers had a greater effect on family planning acceptance than did that of the father (48.3% vs. 42%) but the level of education of each parent was significant nevertheless (p<.01). 60% of illiterate fathers had sons with at least a primary education and the proportion of illiterate sons fell as the fathers educational level rose (p<.01). The same held true for mothers. Educated fathers increased their social status by having their sons marry educated women (p<.01). Again this was also true for mothers. The adoption of family planning was higher in families with occupations other than agriculture for men and housewives for women especially those in service (44.5% vs. 11.7% for husbands and 29.6% vs. 18.6% for wives) (p<.01). Upward social mobility in terms of education and occupation greatly increased family planning acceptance.


In the literature, different estimation procedures are used for inference about {\color{red} Kumaraswamy} distribution based on complete data sets. But, in many life-testing and reliability studies, a censored sample of data may be available in which failure times of some units are not reported. Unlike the common practice in the literature, this paper considers non-Bayesian and Bayesian estimation of Kumaraswamy parameters when the data are type II hybrid censored. The maximum likelihood estimates (MLE) and its asymptotic variance-covariance matrix are obtained. The asymptotic variances and covariances of the MLEs are used to construct approximate confidence intervals. In addition, by using the parametric bootstrap method, the construction of confidence intervals for the unknown parameter is discussed. Further, the Bayesian estimation of the parameters under squared error loss function is discussed. Based on type II hybrid censored data, the Bayes estimate of the parameters cannot be obtained explicitly; therefore, an approximation method, namely Tierney and Kadane's approximation, is used to compute the Bayes estimates of the parameters. Monte Carlo simulations are performed to compare the performances of the different methods, and one real data set is analyzed for illustrative purposes.


The production of sound by the unsteady flow of a homogeneous fluid is discussed, with special attention given to those phenomena of practical concern as sources of underwater noise. Brief reviews are given of recent experimental and theoretical investigations of the sound associated with the following flow phenomena: (1) unsteady flow within an unbounded fluid, related to the noise from turbulent jets and wakes; (2) fluctuating hydrodynamic forces due to unsteady flow about a rigid body, related to "aeolian tones" and the rotation sound from a propeller; and (3) excitation of the vibration of an elastic body by the flow. A short motion picture produced by L. Prandtl will be shown to illustrate several kinds of unsteady flow.


The Southwestern U.S. has been in a megadrought for the past two decades, stressing vegetation across the region and leading to poor forage conditions on rangelands. How has human‐induced climate change affected air temperatures and atmospheric evaporative demand in the greater Four Corners region of the Southwest, and what have the corresponding impacts been to vegetative productivity? We address this question via a multi‐step climate change detection and attribution analysis. We first relate evaporative demand (quantified by Vapor Pressure Deficit, or VPD) and precipitation to the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) in six unique plant‐precipitation zones. VPD is strongly negatively related to NDVI, and the strength of this relation is similar in magnitude to precipitation. We then use a large ensemble of climate change simulations to estimate the magnitude of VPD increases attributable to human‐induced climate change. We find that modest increases in air temperatures have led to large increases in VPD, with the influence of climate change about twice the inter‐annual standard deviation by 2020. Finally, we estimate the reductions in NDVI due to increased VPD and present the reductions in terms of total annual Aboveground Net Primary Productivity. We conclude that human‐induced warming has roughly doubled the magnitude of recent vegetation deficits, especially in mid‐precipitation areas (receiving 250–500 mm of precipitation annually), concentrated in New Mexico. These results indicate that increased temperatures from human‐caused climate change are having persistent and damaging impacts on vegetation productivity, with significant implications for ranchers and other land users in the region.


According to the strong nonlinear character of vehicle dynamic control system,the transfer function of partial equivalent linearization,which can describe dynamic nonlinear character of vehicle velocity control,is established by the method of non linear system describing function and ARMA(Auto Regressive Moving Average)model.Then based on preview follower theory,a driver velocity control model that describes how the driver follows and controls vehicle velocity under the precondition of the given target velocity is presented.The results of simulation show that this model effectively simulates driver′s behavior of controlling the velocity by taking road velocity information,driver′s delay character and vehicle dynamic character into account,and provide an effective way for the research of vehicle velocity automatic control and advanced vehicle control system in ITS(Intelligent Transportation System).


This paper analysed the acid corrosion environment to harm for water supply system leak condition and combined with maintained practice. Some valuable avoid and elimination measures have been put forward to guarantee water system safety and normal in motion.


Innovative startup companies that emerged in the late 1990s are now widely supported by countries with developed innovation systems. The aim of this article is to analyse the experience of creation innovative programs in entrepreneurship, with a further perspective for introducing similar programmes into Ukrainian universities. For this, the authors presented their own developed program of monitoring the Ukrainian universities on availability of courses of innovative entrepreneurship. The results of this survey will be analytical prerequisite for decision-making of establishment special curriculum of innovative entrepreneurship in technical and natural Sciences universities for the development of startup-ecosystem in Ukraine.


To keep patients mobile and to treat injuries to improve the quality of life, functional biomaterials for implants and prosthesis are designed. Apart from growing demand in orthopaedic replacement and trauma surgeries, the number of revisions surgeries is increasing as well. Revisions surgeries are performed after the life-time of the implant has exceeded, but also due to implant failure. The latter is mainly caused by mechanical failure. Metallic glasses form a promising class of metallic materials possessing an amorphous structure. When such an alloy can be formed in rods over 1 mm in diameter, it is called a bulk metallic glass (BMG). Compared to the currently used crystalline alloys, BMGs possess several beneficial mechanical properties over the currently applied crystalline biomaterials. Next to mechanical failure, implant loosening by lack of osseointegration and an implant associated infection (IAI) are a reason for necessary revision. In the US, 2% joint prostheses and 5% of fracturefixation devices become infected. After bone implantation, there is a competition in the colonisation of the implant by human bone cells and bacteria, in which the surface morphology and biochemistry have influence. Predominantly S. aureus cause IAI. In most cases, antibiotics are effective, but there is a rising incidence in stems, like methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), resistant to commonly used antibiotics. A local general antiseptic effect from the implant material is desired. There is a rising interest for the use of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), which a potent bactericidal effect, while the cytotoxicity is low to mammalian cells. Also desired is improved osteointegration sought after by a large specific surface area that is osteoconductive. Plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) can create a firmly adhered coating with high porosity on some materials. AgNPs in a PEO coating on BMGs is a strategy to reduce revision surgeries by better mechanical properties, improved osteointegration, and protection against IAI. The synthesis of a multi-functional PEO coating on Ti- and Zr- based BMGs is described by a total approach. Ni and Be-free BMGs were produced in cooperation with the ETH Zurich of nominal compositions; Zr60.5Cu10.2Al8.9Fe10.2Ag9.7Ti0.5 (Zr605), Zr62.5Cu22.5Al10Fe5 (Zr625), and Ti47Zr7.5Cu38-Fe2.5Ag2Sn2Si1 (Ti47). A PEO coating was successfully made on BMGs with a DC power supply in combined galvanostatic and potentiostatic mode of 4 A and 350 V, respectively. Incorporation of Ag-NPs in the coating was achieved, confirmed with EDS. The surface morphology was characterised with XRD, SEM and EDS. The viability of MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblasts was confirmed on the untreated, PEO treated BMGs, and PEO treated with AgNPs. Moreover, the antibacterial effect of the PEO coated BMGs with AgNPs against MRSA was demonstrated in vitro by a zone of inhibition in an agar leaching assay. Ag-containing BMGs has a small zone of inhibition as well after PEO treatment. Probably, there is a (synergistic) bactericidal effect with Cu and Ag, deduced from the ion release kinetics in PBS measured by ICP-OES. From initial tests, the strategy of a multi-functional coating to reduce revision surgeries and improve the quality of life for patients holds promise. The described PEO process with DC could be a starting point from where PEO coating on BMG coatings can be optimised. The mechanical performance, especially the fatigue endurance with and without coating, should be assessed. The in vitro and biological performance of should be extensively evaluated before proceeding to in vivo experiments.


Context: Gates method tends to over-estimate glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in borderline functioning kidneys. We study the role of calculated GFR in these cases in decision-making regarding performing kidney-sparing surgery or nephrectomy. Aims: The aim of this study is to find the correlation between GFR calculated by percutaneous nephrostomy (PCN) urine creatinine clearance in obstructed kidneys and GFR by radionuclide scintigraphy. It also studies the role of this calculated GFR in borderline functioning kidneys. Settings and Design: Single tertiary care center; retrospective. Materials and Methods: A total of 46 patients in whom PCN was inserted as an emergency measure in an obstructed kidney and for whom diethylene-triamine-penta-acetic acid/ethylene-di-cysteine (DTPA/EC) scan was also done (Gates method) were analyzed retrospectively. PCN creatinine clearance was calculated for 3 consecutive days, and the mean value was used. Statistical Analysis Used: Pearson's correlational analysis; Chi-square test. Results: Overall strong correlation was found between the two GFR values (Pearson's r = 0.540692, P < 0.001). Totally 26 patients (56.52%) had comparable GFR values (P > 0.05). Among the 36 patients with borderline functioning kidneys, DTPA/EC scan significantly over-estimated GFR in one-third of the patients. The management plan was changed in 7 out of those patients (46.67%), with nephrectomy performed in all instead of kidney-sparing procedure. When the highest value of calculated GFR was compared, 28 patients had comparable GFRs (60.87%). Conclusions: GFR based on radionuclide scintigraphy may be insufficient for evaluation of residual renal function to determine the management of obstructed kidney with borderline function. For adequate decision-making, other factors including creatinine clearance via PCN should also be considered. Gates method tends to overestimate GFR as compared to calculated creatinine clearance at low GFR levels.


This article discusses how the Florida Department of Transportation (FDOT) will be using its federal stimulus funding for transportation related projects. While the state's $7.1 billion in transportation funds is down by $1.1 billion from the current year, transportation officials expect to receive an additional $1.4 billion, most of which will go to highway and bridge construction. FDOT will be using seven factors to prioritize funding for the projects: 1) previously deferred; 2) projects where development is concurrently held up; 3) potential to generate revenue; 4) geographically balanced; 5) capable of providing congestion relief; 6) located in economically distressed areas; and, 7) completion expected within three years.


The cacao webworn occurs on the main islands of New Guinea, New Britain and New Ireland. Originally inhabiting native trees, this species has become adapted to a number of introduced species, including cacao. Trees are damaged by larvae channelling into branches; this restricts the growth of young trees, but the effect on the yield of mature trees is difficult to assess. The non-feeding adult stage lasts 3 days, the egg stage 3-5 days, the larval stage within the range of 8-12 weeks and the pupal stage about 3-4 weeks. The dynamics of larval populations at four sites in New Britain were studied for two years. Distinct larval generations occurred at the rate of about 2.5 per year, each generation lasting about 16-20 weeks. Their occurrence could not be readily related to environmental factors. The main mortality appeared to be during the free-living stage, after egg hatch and before establishment of a larval channel. Larvae were highly aggregated on trees. A small number of trees in the field appeared to be resistant to webworm attack. The possibility of selecting cacao clones for resistance to webworm attack is discussed. Removal of shade from cacao increased webworm numbers but this factor alone could not explain the pest status of cacao webworm.


We present the discovery of the first L-type subdwarf, 2MASS J05325346+8246465. This object exhibits enhanced collision-induced H2 absorption, resulting in blue near-infrared (NIR) colors (J-Ks = 0.26 ± 0.16). In addition, strong hydride bands in the red optical and NIR, weak TiO absorption, and an optical/J-band spectral morphology similar to the L7 DENIS 0205-1159AB imply a cool, metal-deficient atmosphere. We find that 2MASS 0532+8246 has both a high proper motion, μ = 2.″60 ± 0.″15 yr-1, and a substantial radial velocity, vrad = -195 ± 11 km s-1, and its probable proximity to the Sun (d = 10-30 pc) is consistent with halo membership. Comparison to subsolar-metallicity evolutionary models strongly suggests that 2MASS 0532+8246 is substellar, with a mass of 0.077 ≲ M ≲ 0.085 M☉ for ages 10-15 Gyr and metallicities Z = 0.1-0.01 Z☉. The discovery of this object clearly indicates that star formation occurred below the hydrogen burning mass limit at early times, consistent with prior results indicating a flat or slightly rising mass function for the lowest mass stellar subdwarfs. Furthermore, 2MASS 0532+8246 serves as a prototype for a new spectral class of subdwarfs, additional examples of which could be found in NIR proper-motion surveys.


This paper explores a unique data set comprising the transactions executed by a large sample of mutual funds for the period August 2002 - April 2007. This data set qualifies as a worthy counterpart for another (often used) transactional data set provided by the Plexus Group. It will serve as input for various papers, but is interesting in its own right. We discuss the structure of the data set, we enumerate the major asset classes traded by the institutionals and we describe the global representation of the traded securities. Finally, we detail the filtering procedures necessary to obtain a sample of equity transactions executed by actively managed mutual funds.


Environment 2 The purpose of this literature review is to introduce the reader to the emerging field of environmental psychology. The first section deals with problems and challenges of theory and methodology in environmental psychology, and is followed by samples of research in the areas of visual perception, noise, and spatial perception. Finally, two areas, women and the environment and residential patisf action, selected by the author as important topics for further investigation, are described briefly. It is conlcuded that since environril.ental psychology appears to be growing as a field, it is crucial that clear communication be established between environmental designers and those individuals they serve.


The invention discloses an electronic program guide system and a restoration method thereof. The method comprises the following steps that: a server on a film library sends a re-report request message to a download client; the download client which receives the re-report request message reports information of a locally stored resource file of the download client to the server; and the server regenerates index information by using the received information of the resource file which is reported by the download client, wherein the index information is used for providing information of the download client which stores the resource file for the download client on an electronic program guide (EPG) server which needs to download the resource file. By the method, the reliability of the system is improved.


Summary form only given. Linear analysis of the electromagnetic flute mode instability in the high beta current carrying plasma of the precursor has demonstrated good agreement between theory and experimental data, obtained during wire array implosion experiments on the Zebra pulsed power generator in terms of excited wavelengths and characteristic growth rates. To investigate the nonlinear stage of the electromagnetic flute mode instability, we have developed a 2D numerical code based on the pseudo-spectral method for spatial representation and two-step predictor corrector method for time advance. In the linear stage numerical results are in good agreement with linear theory. In the nonlinear stage numerical solutions show appearance of large scale structures as well as emergence of shorter wavelengths in the excited wave spectrum. The role of large scale structures in anomalous plasma transport will also be discussed


Interest in soil carbon is increasing as concern mounts about the steadily rising concentrations of CO2 in the atmosphere. The component of terrestrial carbon that is most difficult to assess in a manner that limits risk for markets (likely to trade in carbon) is the carbon held belowground. In this paper I will give a brief overview of soil carbon, its types and measurement and report on the current data on soil carbon after bauxite mining in Australia. I will also track the trajectory of soil microbial community development at the same sites, primarily based on the utilisation of carbon substrates. The capacity of reforestation to accumulate carbon in soil, and sequester it there for the longterm, may be more limited than superficial measurements of carbon reveal. In studies outside the mining industry this has been shown to be the case but the time frames and mechanisms needed to sequester recalcitrant carbon in the soil remain elusive. On this basis, there is clearly a need for more detailed studies on the soil carbon dynamics and microbial functioning of postmining reforestation schemes, both in terms of measurements of stocks, fractions and fluxes as well as predictive modeling in relation to the biotic cycling of carbon in restored soil systems. Plenary Session Abstracts 17 Can we predict soil nitrogen supply in sub-humid ecosystems? David Burton Professor, Department of Environmental Science, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS Bernie Zebarth Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Fredericton, NB Jacynthe Dessault-Rompre and Alex Georgallas Department of Environmental Sciences, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS Abstract Despite being the largest input, with the greatest potential for environmental impact, we still have few practical measurement-based tools to guide nitrogen management in sub-humid ecosystems. Three new tools to measure soil N supply, predict the rate of mineralization and to assess the potential for environmental impact of nitrate will be presented and discussed.Despite being the largest input, with the greatest potential for environmental impact, we still have few practical measurement-based tools to guide nitrogen management in sub-humid ecosystems. Three new tools to measure soil N supply, predict the rate of mineralization and to assess the potential for environmental impact of nitrate will be presented and discussed.  The Soil N Supply test uses an aerobic incubation to measure soil inorganic N present at the time of sampling as well as N mineralized during a two week period.  The Biophysical Water Function uses temperature and precipitation data to estimate the extent potential N mineralization (No) is realized during the growing season.  Nitrate Exposure is a time-integrated representation of NO3 concentration over the growing season. Data will be presented examining the suitability of these functions in informing nitrogen management decisions in cropping systems in sub-humid ecosystems. Plenary Session Abstracts 18 Modeling the impacts of current warming trends on ecosystem productivity across North America Robert Grant and Zelalem Mekonnen Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta Corresponding author: email@example.com Abstract There is widespread evidence of amplified warming in recent decades. How does this warming affect ecosystem productivity? In this study, we examined the spatial and temporal variability and long term trends of warming over the last three decades in North America. Long-term changes in surface air temperature were analyzed using three hourly surface air temperature data from North American Regional Reanalysis (NARR) for the years 1979 – 2010. We then investigated how these long-term changes affect ecosystem productivity from site to continental scales. A comprehensive mathematical process model, ecosys was used to simulate impacts of recent temperature change (1979 – 2010) on land-atmosphere carbon exchange in North America using gridded climate data (NARR), soil (SSURGO (US) + SLC v3.2 (Canada) + HWSD v1.1 (Mexico)), land use/ land cover dynamics (Hurtt's + RCP4.5), CO2 concentration(Enhanced GLOBALVIEW), nitrogen deposition(Enhanced Dentener) and disturbance. Spatial and temporal variations of model outputs for gross primary productivity (GPP), net primary productivity (NPP) and leaf area index (LAI) were evaluated using remote sensing gridded Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) at 0.250 spatial resolution across North America. Key model findings were: Regions with higher latitude and cooler temperatures have experienced greater warming to which they have responded with increases in productivity. NDVI and artificial warming studies support these results. Some areas in the western US have responded negatively to higher temperatures and lower precipitation which have increased water stress. These findings are supported by comparisons of modeled LAI vs. NDVI from AVHRR which have shown good agreement in detecting drought events (e.g. 2002 – 2003). In order to accurately predict the impact of further warming, we are modeling the underlying mechanisms of how weather affects productivity of different ecosystems by testing modeled CO2 exchange against eddy covariance measurements under contrasting weather across the continent.There is widespread evidence of amplified warming in recent decades. How does this warming affect ecosystem productivity? In this study, we examined the spatial and temporal variability and long term trends of warming over the last three decades in North America. Long-term changes in surface air temperature were analyzed using three hourly surface air temperature data from North American Regional Reanalysis (NARR) for the years 1979 – 2010. We then investigated how these long-term changes affect ecosystem productivity from site to continental scales. A comprehensive mathematical process model, ecosys was used to simulate impacts of recent temperature change (1979 – 2010) on land-atmosphere carbon exchange in North America using gridded climate data (NARR), soil (SSURGO (US) + SLC v3.2 (Canada) + HWSD v1.1 (Mexico)), land use/ land cover dynamics (Hurtt's + RCP4.5), CO2 concentration(Enhanced GLOBALVIEW), nitrogen deposition(Enhanced Dentener) and disturbance. Spatial and temporal variations of model outputs for gross primary productivity (GPP), net primary productivity (NPP) and leaf area index (LAI) were evaluated using remote sensing gridded Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) at 0.250 spatial resolution across North America. Key model findings were: Regions with higher latitude and cooler temperatures have experienced greater warming to which they have responded with increases in productivity. NDVI and artificial warming studies support these results. Some areas in the western US have responded negatively to higher temperatures and lower precipitation which have increased water stress. These findings are supported by comparisons of modeled LAI vs. NDVI from AVHRR which have shown good agreement in detecting drought events (e.g. 2002 – 2003). In order to accurately predict the impact of further warming, we are modeling the underlying mechanisms of how weather affects productivity of different ecosystems by testing modeled CO2 exchange against eddy covariance measurements under contrasting weather across the continent. Plenary Session Abstracts 19 Managing and understanding soil carbon sequestration Denis Angers Scientist, Soils and Crops Research and Development Centre, AAFC, Quebec Corresponding author: email@example.com Abstract Carbon sequestration can be defined as the net removal of atmospheric CO2 through its transfer into long-lived pools such as soil organic matter. As highly managed systems, agricultural soils offer potential to sequester atmospheric C either by returning more C to the soil or by reducing soil organic matter mineralization. However, the potential of some of the proposed management practices to actually sequester C has been found to be quite variable and even questioned. Site-specific field studies, global meta-analyses, and national greenhouse gas inventory information will be used to illustrate and address some of these concerns and questions.Carbon sequestration can be defined as the net removal of atmospheric CO2 through its transfer into long-lived pools such as soil organic matter. As highly managed systems, agricultural soils offer potential to sequester atmospheric C either by returning more C to the soil or by reducing soil organic matter mineralization. However, the potential of some of the proposed management practices to actually sequester C has been found to be quite variable and even questioned. Site-specific field studies, global meta-analyses, and national greenhouse gas inventory information will be used to illustrate and address some of these concerns and questions. Volunteer Session 1 Abstracts 20 Volunteer Session 1 Thursday, February 13, 2014 – Afternoon Volunteer Session 1 Abstracts 21 Chernozems of Alberta: International and Russian perspective Konstantin Dlusskiy Paragon Soil and Environmental Consulting Inc. Corresponding author: email@example.com Abstract Chernozem is a key order in the Canadian System of Soil Classification (CSSC, 1998) since its beginning in 1950's. It's known to be a broader category then Chernozems of other classifications around the world. CSSC indicates that Brown and Dark Brown Chernozems would be classified as Kastanozems in the World Reference Base for Soil Resources (WRB, 1998); Dark Gray Chernozems would correspond to Greyzems. However all three Reference Soil Groups of WRB require an Ah≥20 cm. US Soil Taxonomy requires Mollisols to have Ah≥18 cm (USDA, 1998). Much thicker Ah horizon (>30 cm) is Chernozem's diagnostic criterion in the Russian Soil Classification (RSC, 1997).Chernozem is a key order in the Canadian System of Soil Classification (CSSC, 1998) since its beginning in 1950's. It's known to be a broader cat


This preliminary study reports the first use of injectable autologous collagen for vocal fold augmentation. In previous studies, the authors showed cross‐linked bovine collagen to be effective in more than 150 patients with glottic incompetence, particularly those with focal defects or scarred or atrophic vocal folds. However, concerns about possible adverse immunologic responses to the bovine material have limited its use.


Objectives : The purpose of this study was to present the clinical guidelines for Korean medical treatment of Irritable Bowel Syndrome Methods : Reports for Korean medical treatment of Irritable Bowel Syndrome were collected, analyzed and summarized from the Electronic journal search since 2000. Results : In Korean medicine treatment of irritable bowel syndrome used herbs, acupuncture, moxibustion, herbal acupuncture, and auricular acupuncture. Herb medicines were administered according to the patient`s case by a prescription of considering physical condition and symptoms. Acupuncture and moxibustion therapies stimulate the median points of LR(足厥陰肝經), ST(足陽明胃經), LI(手陽明大腸經), SI(手太陽 小腸經). The assessment items for Korean medical treatment of Irritable Bowel Syndrome were abdominal symptoms, defecation, autonomic nervous system changes, stress, Live blood condition and mental health. Conclusions : Through continued research need to develop better treatment strategies for Korean treatment of Irritable Bowel Syndrome.


We study the optimal control problem of a controlled time-symmetric forward-backward doubly stochastic differential equation with initial-terminal state constraints. Applying the terminal perturbation method and Ekeland's variation principle, a necessary condition of the stochastic optimal control, that is, stochastic maximum principle, is derived. Applications to backward doubly stochastic linear-quadratic control models are investigated.


The effects of bismuth addition on the microstructure and mechanical properties of AZ81 magnesium alloy are studied through the alloy preparation,microstructure analysis and tensile tests.The results show that with proper Bi addition to AZ81,the as-cast microstructure of AZ81 is refined,and the Mg3Bi2 grain phase with high thermal stability is observed in the matrix.Proper Bi addition to AZ81 can enhance the mechanical properties at room temperature and high temperature and improve the heat resistance of AZ81 alloy.


International and national research highlights that engagement is critical for successful transition into higher education. The research on student engagement identifies the following areas as critical for engagement: academic challenge; active learning; student and staff interactions; enriching educational experiences; supportive learning environment; and work integrated learning (ACER, 2009). Current conceptual transition models tend to focus on addressing these areas of engagement as a means of integrating students into academic discourses. This often means aligning student discourses with established academic values. This paper focuses on what first year Australian teacher education students value about their learning and teaching in their transitional year. We argue that there is a fundamental difference between what the academy values, and what is valued by students. The current transition focus has been about how students perceive their courses and teaching; there has been limited examination of how Australian undergraduate tertiary students' values of teaching and learning link to engagement and transition. This paper seeks to broaden the current conversations around transition and engagement and to identify an area for further research.


For the anticipation of epileptic seizures synchronization between signals from intracranial recorded EEG has been studied. Here, we present our first findings for scalp EEG. For 3 epilepsy patients 85 hours of scalp EEG were analyzed. After determining the instantaneous phase with the Hilbert transform, the level of synchrony was calculated for all possible electrode pairs within 4 defined groups. This was done for 14 frequency bands of 2Hz between 1 and 50Hz. As well during sleep as in the awake state we found a particular behavior of the synchrony levels in the pathological hemisphere. Furthermore, we found a similar sleep-wake cycle for the two temporal lobe epilepsy patients, not seen in the case of the patient with extra temporal lobe epilepsy. These results show an altered brain dynamics for epilepsy patients, which can give information on the localization of the epilepsy.


In order to investigate the efficiency of integrated membrane bioreactor( integrated MBR) on major pollutants removal of aquaculture wastewater,the paper focused on the optimization of operational conditions for integrated MBR to treat aquaculture wastewater. The operating parameters of hydraulic retention time( HRT),aeration rate and mixed liquid suspended solid( MLSS) were designed to acquire its effect on COD,NH3- N,NO-2- N,NO-3- N,TN and TP. The results showed that the influence degree of the parameters was MLSS HRT aeration rate under this experimental conditions; the optimal operation parameters of the reactor were obtained as follows: HRT 3. 25 h,aeration rate 375 L / h,MLSS2. 2g / L.


Investigation,introduction and domestication of wild resources was summarized,problems and development trend was analyzed in order to provide references for germplasm conservation and utilization in future.


At present, increasingly more men and women have begun to use contraceptive methods in order to limit the number of children they wish to have. Contraceptives are composed of hormones such as progestin and estrogens. Their use produces hormonal changes that systemically affect the body, which can cause ocular alterations, specifically in the tear film (TF). Similarly, TF can undergo transformations in its structure with the use of contact lenses (CL). The objective of this article is to inform visual health professionals about the changes that occur in TF with the simultaneous use of CL and hormonal contraceptive treatments, in order to improve clinical practice, especially in the adaptation of CL. The research was based on a bibliographical review to collect and correlate studies, articles and literature that examine the topic. In conclusion, it can be affirmed that sexual hormones such as estrogens, progesterone, prolactin and androgens can reduce the quality of TF. Alterations in hormone concentration and CL produce changes in the lipids and proteins of the meibomian glands (MG), which causes dry eye problems.


In May 2007, David Levine's experimental performance in Brandenberg attracted international attention for its unique blending of endurance art, land art, concept art, site-specific performance, and traditional theatre. A key innovation was its challenge to the distinction drawn by Michael Kirby in the 1960s between the matrixed action of traditional theatre and the nonmatrixed action of the Happening. By creating a dramatic matrix for an actor placed in what is essentially a Happening, Levine has, in his terms, short-circuited this distinction.


Chasmanthera dependens is a medicinal plant with wide application in African traditional medicine for the management of several pathologies. We report the antioxidant properties of the chloroform extract of C. Dependens root (CECDR) as to auspiciously provide scientific information that could explain some of the reported roles of the plant in human diseases. In vitro studies assayed for 1,1-diphenyl2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging, hydrogen peroxide scavenging, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC). DPPH radical scavenging activity was concentration dependent with an EC50 of 647.67 μg/mL. CECDR showed a positive hydrogen peroxide scavenging with EC50 of 57.78 ± 2.93 μg/mL relative to ascorbic acid standard (EC50: 90.06 μg/mL). The ferric reducing antioxidant power of CECDR at 15.6 μg/mL was 21.18 ± 0.15 µg gallic acid equivalents (GAE) while that of 1000 μg/mL was 0.03 ± 0.00 µg GAE. CECDR at a concentration 15.6 μg/mL showed a TAC of 15.22 ± 7.81 µg ascorbic acid equivalents (AAE) while that of 1000 μg/mL was 0.03 ± 0.00 µg AAE. In vivo analysis of CCl4-induced Wistar rats showed a significant increase (p < 0.05) in the concentrations of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase in the treated groups relative to the untreated control. In conclusion the observed antioxidant properties of CECDR could be attributed to its rich phytochemical repertoire.


Pension Schemes for the Officials of the Free City of Cracow: Part II: 1838–1854 This article, a continuation of a study of the history of retirement pension schemes for the offi cials of the Free City of Cracow in the early 19th century, concerns itself with the period 1838–1846. It analyses in particular the data concerning the categories of persons entitled to a retirement pension (offi cials of the administration and judiciary, their widows and children), conditions of eligibility, forfeiture clauses, pension fund fi nancing, etc.). The article also examines in detail the functioning of the Pension Committee, focusing on its handling of hard cases and the fi xing of the amount level of the pension award. Using the records from the National Archives in Cracow, the article reconstructs the processing of a handful of individual pension award applications. Finally, the article surveys the history of the Cracovian pension scheme until 1854, i.e. after the incorporation of the Free City into the Austrian Empire in 1846 as the Grand Duchy of Cracow and in 1850 as a district of the province (ceremonial Kingdom) of Galicia and Lodomeria.


Nutrient analysis of potato leaves in early growth is not sufficient for a reliable prediction of tuber yield. This hypothesis was verified based on a field experiment conducted during 2006–2008. The experimental factors were: nitrogen (N) rates (60, 120 kg ha−1), fertilizers (Urea, Urea + inhibitor—NBPT ([N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide]), and sulfur rates (0, 50 kg ha−1). Plant material for nutrient determination (N, P, K, Mg, Ca, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu), which included leaves, stems, and stolons + roots (R+S), was sampled at BBCH 39/40. The marketable tuber yield (MTY) was in the ranges of 43–75, 44–70, and 24–38 t ha−1, in 2006, 2007, and 2008, respectively. The MTY and contents of N, Zn, and Cu, irrespective of the potato tissue, showed the same seasonal pattern, reaching the lowest values in the dry 2008. The N content in stems was the best tuber yield predictor. A shortage of K in stems and Mg and Cu in R+S, due to the opposite effect of Ca, reduced the N content. An N:Ca ratio in stems greater than 10:1 resulted in yield decrease. A reliable indication of nutrients limiting the tuber yield at the onset of potato tuberization requires data on the nutrient status in both leaves and stems.


In the year since the United States Marines pulled down Saddam Hussein's statue in Baghdad's Firdos Square, things have gone very badly for the United States in Iraq and for its ambition of creating a model democracy that might transform the Middle East. As of today the United States military appears committed to an open-ended stay in a country where, with the exception of the Kurdish north, patience with the foreign occupation is running out, and violent opposition is spreading. Civil war and the breakup of Iraq are more likely outcomes than a successful transition to a pluralistic Western-style democracy. Much of what went wrong was avoidable. Focused on winning the political battle to start a war, the Bush administration failed to anticipate the postwar chaos in Iraq. Administration strategy seems to have been based on a hope that Iraq's bureaucrats and police would simply transfer their loyalty to the new authorities, and the country's administration would continue to function. All experience in Iraq suggested that the collapse of civil authority was the most likely outcome, but there was no credible planning for this contingency. In fact, the  effort to remake Iraq never recovered from its confused start when it failed to prevent the looting of Baghdad in the early days of the occupation.


The zones where tunnels pass through faults are considered to be severely damaged during earthquakes. Site investigation of tunnels crossing faults revealed that there were different types of damage patterns after earthquakes. This article proposed a new seismic design concept of "guiding" and "yielding." Two types of joints, multilevel brittle-flexible joint and flexible joint, were based on this concept and were investigated in this study. A series of shaking table tests were conducted on reduced scale tunnel models under two steps of the loading process, fault movement and subsequent seismic excitation with increasing intensities. The results showed that both types of joints clearly reduced the seismic responses of the tunnel lining. The idealized behavior—step-like deformation—appeared along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel in the two tests. No shear failure of the tunnel linings was found, and the longitudinal cracks in the crown, arch springing, and invert were common in the tests. The multilevel brittle-flexible joint was verified to be more appropriate for tunnels subject to massive earthquakes.


Objective
To evaluate the awareness of primipara on self-care knowledge and explore its related factors.

Methods
200 cases of pregnant women were surveyed through a self-designed questionnaire about their self-care knowledge, and analyze the influencing factors.

Results
The situation of awareness in 200 cases on self-care knowledge was in the middle level and related factors involving pregnant women education background, occupation, family income per capita, production inspection situation, etc. Most of the pregnant women were not enough to grasp the intrapartum and postpartum self-care knowledge.

Conclusions
The awareness of self-care knowledge in pregnant women is generally not enough, and was widespread demand. We should pay attention to the diversification and individuation of self-care education, cultivate pregnant women′s will to learn self-care knowledge actively. Multi-lateral cooperation, strengthen education, pay attention to prenatal examination, and do a good job of follow-up. Introduce the nursing mode "caring presence" to the obstetric nursing, focus on maternal active participation, in order to improve the ability of maternal self-care, and ensure the safety of mothers and children.

Key words:
Pregnant woman; Self-care knowledge; Awareness; Influencing factors


Bell For Quiz Games Using Microcontroller AT89S52 is a tool designed to simplify quiz show host de- termines who answer questions put rst, with a sign in the form of ame LED and buzzer sounds. The instrument con- sists of three writers for the block is the input block, block and process block output. And that is how the appliance will light up when given the tools voltage from 4.5 to 6 volts, if given the voltage more than that then the tool will not lit. The test results of ame LED devices and the sound produced by buzzer. Appliance will light up according to which button is pressed, the event emphasis is more than one button, then the appliance will light up according to which button to be pressed rst. The instrument is made divided block diagram and description of the performance of AT89S52 microcontroller and how the tools and Assem- bler Language program as the controlling software Micro- controller AT89S52. Voltage used should not exceed 4.5 to 6 volts.


We prove the unimodality of the Ehrhart $\delta$-polynomial of the chain polytope of the zig-zag poset, which was conjectured by Kirillov. First, based on a result due to Stanley, we show that this polynomial coincides with the $W$-polynomial for the zig-zag poset with some natural labeling. Then, its unimodality immediately follows from a result of Gasharov, which states that the $W$-polynomials of naturally labeled graded posets of rank $1$ or $2$ are unimodal.


In a situation that is still being hit by the COVID19 Pandemic until now, it has an impact on the way people meet the needs of life, both primary and secondary needs. In one case, the pandemic also affected the shopping patterns of people who required them to shop online in order to reduce activities outside the home. So in this study the authors conducted research on the topic of Decision Support Systems in the selection of E-Marketplace. In this case, the author applies the VIKOR and Rank Order Centroid methods in assessing several sites or applications that are generally used by the public in online shopping activities. The alternatives used are Shopee, Lazada, Tokopedia, Bukalapak and Facebook Marketplace. For the criteria used, namely by using an assessment based on the User Interface, Product Completeness, Service Response, Transaction Process, and Delivery Service. The test results obtained are based on the calculation of the VIKOR method and the Rank Order Centroid against the alternatives and criteria used, Shoopee as the best alternative by obtaining a VIKOR index value of 1. Thus, it can be seen that the VIKOR method and Rank Order Centroid has been successfully applied to the recommendation system for marketplace selection.


To effectively extract the typical features of the bearing, a new method that related the local mean decomposition Shannon entropy and improved kernel principal component analysis model was proposed. First, the features are extracted by time–frequency domain method, local mean decomposition, and using the Shannon entropy to process the original separated product functions, so as to get the original features. However, the features been extracted still contain superfluous information; the nonlinear multi-features process technique, kernel principal component analysis, is introduced to fuse the characters. The kernel principal component analysis is improved by the weight factor. The extracted characteristic features were inputted in the Morlet wavelet kernel support vector machine to get the bearing running state classification model, bearing running state was thereby identified. Cases of test and actual were analyzed.


This study investigated the acquisition of conscious and unconscious structural knowledge of L2 collocations. The participants were two groups of 68 Chinese undergraduate students from the university community. The first group judged the typicality of 24 English collocations and their atypical counterparts and reported the basis of each judgment to indicate their conscious status. The second group were trained on 24 new collocations and then took a similar test. Results showed that learners acquired both conscious and unconscious structural knowledge of L2 collocations. The conscious status varied according to collocation types. Incidental exposure facilitated the development of conscious structural knowledge of incongruent collocations and unconscious structural knowledge of congruent ones. The advantage of congruent over incongruent collocations was greater for unconscious than conscious structural knowledge. The results are consistent with the theory that unconscious structural knowledge is based on acquiring statistical regularities while conscious structural knowledge codes more one-off exceptions.


Abstract High resolution electron microscopy, convergent beam electron diffraction and Raman scattering reveal that Pb2ScTaO6 crystals belong to the Fm3m space group. They can be more or less ordered at the atomic scale in the Sc:Ta arrangement resulting in the existence of microdomains. Disordering is accompanied by a broadening of phonon modes up to the line splitting.


Since the implementation of "Internet plus" action plan, exploring how to fully integrate Internet technology with targeted poverty alleviation and guide targeted poverty alleviation to develop towards informatization, intelligence and science and technology is a practical problem that needs to be further studied especially in the critical period of poverty alleviation under the background that China adheres to innovation-driven development. This paper teases out the research overview of targeted poverty alleviation, analyzes the opportunities and challenges of "Internet plus targeted poverty alleviation" from political, economic, social and technological perspectives, and constructs "Internet plus targeted poverty alleviation" linkage mechanism through organic combination and effective docking of "Internet plus" technology and targeted poverty alleviation, and bases on the practical application of the case of Junpu Village, to propose the implementation path of China's "Internet plus targeted poverty alleviation" mode. Keywords—Internet plus; targeted poverty alleviation; linkage mechanism; path


We present transmission-efficient bent and crossing silicon slot waveguides for compact silicon slot waveguide-based circuits. To begin with, using the 3-D vector finite-element method, we investigate the transmission characteristics of a bent silicon slot waveguide with an asymmetric slot that is connected to straight waveguides. Numerical results show that the transmission efficiency can be improved by optimizing a taper structure that is introduced between the bend of an asymmetric slot waveguide and its straight input/output waveguides. Next, we investigate the transmission characteristics of a 3-D crossing silicon slot waveguide that has a vertical coupler. Numerical results show that our crossing structure can achieve a high transmission efficiency compared with conventional structures.


In order to quicken the drainage and consolidation of soil, sand drains are usually used as vertical emissaries in soft or supersoft foundation. The working principle, arrangement and design of the treatment of soft foundation by plastic draining plates aresimilar to those of sand drain. Plastic draining plates were applied to the soft foundation treatment project for the Zhujiang Power Station in 1988. According to the tests, the mechanical behavours satisfied the working requirements with such advantages as goodeffect in drainage, fast speed in construction and low cost in the reinforcement of foundation.