T waves arc seismically generated acoustic waves that propagate in low velocity zone of the oceanic sound channel.The mechanism of the T wave generation is extremely complex.At present,there are two popular models to explain the process of the T wave generation;the reflection and scattering theory.In this research,we extract clear double T waves recorded in station(COCO) from the earthquakes occurred at Sumatra Island.In order to explain this strange phenomenon,we firstly calculate the synthetic travel time of the T wave converted from seismic P and S wave,and also the T wave signal both in time and frequency domain.From the comparison between the synthetic and real data,we find out the reflection of the island is the probable reason for the generation of the double T waves.


Distributed collaboration has been enhanced in recent years by sophisticated new video conferencing setups like HP Halo and Cisco Telepresence, improving the user experience of distributed meeting situations over traditional video conferencing. The experience created can be described as one of "blending" distributed physical locations into one shared space. Inspired by this trend, we have been exploring the systematic creation of blended spaces for distributed collaboration through the design of appropriate shared spatial geometries. We present early iterations of our design work: the Blended Interaction Space One prototype, BISi, and the lessons learned from its creation.


It is commonly assumed that serious philosophical reflection on animals goes back only a few hundred years, to the Utilitarians or to the rise of Darwinism. This volume shows that, to the contrary, animals have been a subject of controversy and reflection in all periods of the history of philosophy. We trace the story from Greek and Indian antiquity through the Islamic and Latin medieval traditions, to Renaissance and early modern thought, ending with contemporary ideas about animals. Two main questions that arise throughout the volume are: What capacities can be ascribed to animals, and How should we treat them? Notoriously ungenerous attitudes toward animals, for instance in Aristotle and Descartes, are shown to have been more nuanced than often supposed, while remarkable defenses of benevolence toward animals are unearthed in late antiquity, India, the Islamic world, and Kant. The book also includes philosophical exploration of such topics as cannibalism, animal instinct, and the scientific testing of animals. A series of interdisciplinary reflections sheds further light on human attitudes toward animals, looking at their depiction in visual artworks from China, Africa, and Europe, as well as the rich tradition of animal fables beginning with Aesop.


V Abstract The hydroformylation of 1-octene with supported ionic liquid phase catalyst was demonstrated when using a system involving the substrate, reacting gases and products in CO2 and N2 flow over a fixed bed supported ionic liquid phase catalyst (silica gel and carbon aerogels as solid support respectively) at different system pressures. Yields, reaction rates, selectivities and rhodium leaching were all


This paper deals with a reverse of the Hardy-Hilbert's type inequality with a best constant factor. The other reverse of the form is considered.


The early detection of melanoma can have a great benefit of saving lives if the necessary medication is applied. This work studies the performance of wavelet-based local binary patterns (LBP) as effective features for textural variations. All the sub-bands of the discrete wavelet transform (DWT) at multiple levels are considered as templates for feature extraction based on the LBP descriptor. Dermoscopic images from the PH2 and ISIC 2017 datasets are employed to train the support vector machines (SVM) classifier to identify melanoma cases. This classifier is then tested as a function of different LBP parameters, wavelet families, and decomposition levels. Using multiple decomposition levels can alleviate the effect of LBP parameter variations. The discriminative capability of the LBP descriptor is not affected by the wavelet family. Different classifiers have different classification results when trained with the same features. The best accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity recorded using wavelet-based LBP descriptor are 0.986, 0.972, and 1 respectively on the PH2 dataset and 0.995, 0.990, 1 on the ISIC 2017 dataset. These results are favorably comparable to other hand-crafted and deep features.


The effect of culture conditions on microbial flocculant production from Nocardia sp. CCTCC M201005, a newly isolated bioflocculant producing bacterium, was investigated. Sucrose was proved to be an optimum carbon source. Complexity of organic and inorganic nitrogen sources stimulated both bacterial growth and flocculant synthesis, among which corn steep complexed with urea was the most efficient. Proper corn steep concentration accelerated bacterial growth while relatively low corn steep concentration was more favorable for bioflocculant formation. The highest flocculation activity was obtained at C/N 20~30. The medium supplemented fermentation was designed and carried out. The results showed that the final flocculation activity and cell density were increased more than 10% and 35% respectively compared with those in the fermentation with no medium supplementation. Flocculation conditions of bioflocculant produced by Nocardia sp. CCTCC M201005 (named REA-11) were also discussed. The thermostability of REA-11 was high at pH 3.0 to 6.5 and its activity was markedly improved by the addition of CaCl2. As a co-flocculant, the optimum concentration of CaCl2 was 8 mmol/L in this flocculation system.


Discussion and Action with the Ad Hoc Advisory Committee regarding, processes and procedures of the on-going research for a Community Center including review and discussion of the Community Center Needs Analysis Final Report; discussion and action regarding Design & Land, Communication & Marketing, and Finance Committees; discussion updates and action from the Architectural Services Consultants regarding design, financial feasibility, land options, funding, and information; Potential Partnership Discussions and establish processes and procedures as needed.


One of the consequences of the rice parboiling process is an increase of the moisture content of the rice to approximately 35% (w.b.). It is essential to reduce the moisture of the parboiled rice before it can be stored or milled. The proper drying of parboiled rice thus becomes an important step. This study evaluates the combined use of microwave energy and an evacuated atmosphere to dry parboiled rice on its quality. The effect of two soaking times and two steaming times combined with two vacuum levels and three microwave power levels were tested. Drying times were adjusted to achieve target final moisture levels of 14%, 16%, and 18% (w.b.), respectively. The results showed that it was possible to dry parboiled rice using the microwave-vacuum method and the quality of the finished product was comparable to that produced by conventional methods. It was concluded that the whole kernel yield was reduced with increased microwave power, the effect being more marked at higher vacuum levels. A drop of 5% in whole kernel yield was seen at the lower vacuum level (absolute pressure ==53.3 kPa), this increased to 10% when the vacuum level was higher (absolute pressure = 6.67 kPa). The major factor in the reduction of yields appeared to be the increase of the drying rate as the microwave power and vacuum were increased. Results pertaining to color indicated that the independent variables did not affect it. The percentage of completely gelatinized kernels was found to decrease for increase of microwave power. At the 53.3 kPa level of absolute pressure, the percent gelatinized kernels dropped approximately 8% when the microwave power was increased from 600 W to 1800 W. When the pressure level was decreased to 6.67 kPa (vacuum increased), the corresponding drop in percent gelatinized kernels increased to nearly 14%. The steaming treatment tended to increase the deformity of the parboiled rice kernels.


Abstract The improvement of throughput, graduation and retention rates in South African higher education is a national priority. Student academic performance data in one school at a historically disadvantaged South African university has shown that the pass rates have been declining over the past few years. This decline in pass rates has necessitated the undertaking of this study with the intention of investigating the underlying factors impacting student academic performance in the school. The study adopted a qualitative approach located in the interpretivist paradigm. A case study design was followed, and the data was solicited from a purposive sample of thirty-seven students. Data were collected through focus group interviews, the interviews were audiotaped and transcribed, and data was analyzed through content analysis. The study identified some negative factors that are affecting the students' academic performance. The study concluded that steps should be taken to remedy the situation, and recommendations were made as to possible intervention strategies.


Electron microscopic studies reveal that the red pulp of the rabbit spleen is composed of reticular cells, reticulum and elements of the blood circulating through it. The three types of reticular cells described follow no definite pattern as to types of spaces they line and are not always adjacent to a basement membrane. Similar or dissimilar cells may line a basement membrane on the same or opposing sides. The entire red pulp area is intercommunicating through pores and junctions of the several spaces and in that area in which no basement membrane exists, the cytoplasmic projections of the reticular cells form a meshwork of spaces. Terminal arterioles are seen to end in collapsed type channels with a change from endothelium to Type I reticular cells. These rapidly join dilated areas. The reticular network of the spleen appears as four types: homogeneous, fibrillar, a combination of these, and reticular cells only. Isolated cilia are found in the reticular cell cytoplasm and are shown to be associated with a basal body and a centriole. The investigation supported the hypothesis that the red pulp of the spleen in the adult rabbit is a functionally dynamic area constantly changing its histological structure, both regarding cells and state of the vascular channels.


Introduction As advances in educational technology can be of considerable benefit, they may inhibit rather than facilitate learning unless they are adapted to the human cognitive system (Leslie, Low, Jin, & Sweller, 2012). To achieve such an adaptation, it is required in educational settings to convey instructional messages to students effectively. The instructional messages can be communicated audibly and/or visually to the students (Kalyuga, 2012) by means of interactive multimedia that presents instructional materials in various combinations of on-screen texts, images, video, audio, and animation (Adesope & Nesbit, 2012). Many instructional designers frequently suggest that both audible and visual presentation of the same verbal information is likely to enhance learning. However, theoretically speaking, it is claimed that if students are provided with spoken and written texts simultaneously, the working memory will be overloaded (Kalyuga, Chandler, & Sweller, 2004; Sweller, Merrienboer, & Paas, 1998). This is called the "redundancy effect" in the related literature. The majority of studies on the redundancy effect used spoken-written presentations (i.e., audiobooks, lectures added spoken-written narrations by instructors, as well as subtitled television programs/videos) (Adesope & Nesbit, 2012). Multimedia spoken-written presentations can be classified according to whether they have streaming or not. This streaming feature provides more interactivity to presented content compared to other educational presentations (Hartsell & Yuen, 2006). Thus, they help in understanding complex concepts and procedures that cannot be explained in a simple way with text and graphics (Klass, 2003). Instructional videos and TV programs can be given as examples of Ml streaming formats in which educational content is entirely presented to students as full streams. Other presentation formats (i.e., animation and audiobooks but not videos and TV programs) can be given as examples of non-streaming or partial streaming formats. The partial streaming format contains at least one video clip. In the literature on the redundancy effect, few studies have investigated Ml streaming presentations such as instructional videos (e.g., Adegoke, 2010; Jadin, Gruber, & Batinic, 2009; Linebarger, 2001; Perez, Van Den Noortgate, & Desmet, 2013; Yuksel & Tanriverdi, 2009; Winke, Gass, & Sydorenko, 2010). However, there are many studies that reported on educational non-streaming or partial streaming presentations such as animation and concurrent narration, spoken narration with the printed text and documents consisting of diagrams and spoken information (e.g., Mousavi, Low, & Sweller, 1995; Mayer, Heiser, & Lonn, 2001; Moreno & Mayer, 2002; Craig, Gholson, & Driscoll, 2002; Craig, Driscoll, & Gholson, 2004; Kalyuga et al., 2004; Chu, 2006; Jamet & Le Bohec, 2007; Diao & Sweller, 2007; Diao, Chandler, & Sweller, 2007; Gerjets, Scheiter, Opfermannd, Hesse, & Eysink, 2009; Rias & Zaman, 2010; Montali & Lewandowski, 1996; McNeill, 2004; Debuse, Hede, & Lawley, 2009; Chang, Lei, & Tseng, 2011; Samur, 2012; Schuler, Scheiter, & Gerjets, 2013; Mayer & Johnson, 2008, Ari et al., 2014). Hence, more studies are needed with instructional videos examined in reference to the redundancy effect. In addition, Mayer, Lee, and Peebles (2014) suggested that more comprehensive studies should be carried out to determine whether captioned instructional videos contribute to student learning. Therefore, this study compared "teaching with a captioned instructional video" with "teaching with a non-captioned instructional video" by taking the redundancy effect into consideration. Instructional videos Instructional videos can be described as powerful media that can provide narrative visualization and engage multiple senses of the students simultaneously (Palmer, 2007). …


A method of ion selective electrode was proposed for the analysis of inorganic pollutants such as silver, lead, cadmium, cyanide, fluoride and bromide in river water. Samples taken from five areas, Bih-Tarn, Wan-Lung, Taipei Shui-Yuan-Ti, Guei-Shan Industrial Area and Dah-Hahn-Shi were analyzed in this investigation.

Under the conditions of this work, the ion activities were measured down to 10−7M, and precision of all ions was within ±2%. This method is very simple and precise and is recommended for the analysis of polluted water.


The Choice Adviser is part of Oldham Council's Family Information Service and aims to make the process of applying for a primary or secondary school place as stress-free for you as possible.


development andimplementation ofIPPmechanisms isof crucial importance fortheemerging reuse-based system Theintellectual property protection ofreusable design designmethodology. Watermarking isa technique modules arebecoming aproblem with theexpansion ofthis traditionally usedtosecurely identify theauthenticity ofthe design strategy. Thispaperpropose a new protection source ofofficial documents, usually inpaper format. This method forIPcores tobeimplemented overFPGAs.The concept isalso extended toIPPbyembedding awatermark aimistoprotect theauthor rights ofreusable IPcoresby ordigital signature ofowners ordesigner intheir design meansofadigital signature that uniquely identifies both the whichcanbedetected after manufactured buthardtobe original design andthedesign recipient. Thetechniquefoundandtampered bycustomers [2]. Inlast fewyears, relies onaprocedure that spreads adigital signature incells several watermarking techniques forIPPofIPcores have oflook-up tables ofdesigns atHDL design level, not beenproposed. Inparticular, watermarking techniques have increasing theareaofthesystem. Thetechnique includes a beenapplied tohardware description language (HDL)level procedure forsignature extraction that allows todetect the [3]. Duetothediversity andrichness oftherepresentation ownership right without interfering thenormal operation of ofdesigns atbehavioral level, nosingle watermarking thesystem andrequiring minimal modifications tothe techniques hasbeenproposed. Theadvantage ofthis type of system. TheIPPtechnique hasbeenimplemented on watermarking resides onthedifficulty toremove themark. programmable devices, withnegligible performance Themaindrawback couldberelated totheconstraints penalties. introduced inthedesign process andtheoverhead ofthe final circuitry.


s 39 Wooden blocks and straw as environmental enrichments for juvenile blue foxes (Alopex lagopus) H.T. Korhonen, L. Jauhiainen, P. Niemelä, R. Sauna-aho This study was designed to evaluate the enrichment value of a wooden block (30 cm long x 4 cm in diameter) and straw for growing farm-bred male blue foxes (Alopex lagopus). Comparisons were made between animals provided with these enrichments at 7 weeks and 15 weeks of age. Various behavioural, physiological, and haematological variables as well as fur and teeth characteristics were assessed. The foxes showed significantly higher motivation to interact with the block than wilth the straw. The novelty response to block manipulation was higher when the block was given to foces at 15 weeks than at 7 weeks of age. In straw groups no actual age effect was observed. Both the wooden block and the straw appeared to stimulate particularly the occurrence of play behaviour, which can be considered an indicator of good welfare. Significant differences were not found between the experimental groups in the novel object (ball) in-cage test. However, a slight tendency for increased explorative activity and shorter latency to object sniffing in the open field test were evident in the block animals. The wooden block was found effectively to prevent the accumulation of dental plaque and development of hypertrophia gingival. However, both the block and the straw markedly increased the incidence of hyperaemia in the mucous membrane of the stomach and intestine. This may explain the lower weight development in these groups than in the controls. Significant differences were not found between the experimental groups in blood screen (haemoglobin, white blood cells, red blood cells, haematocrit) or in the cortisol : creatinine ratio analysed from 24-h urine. The body-weight-related adrenal weight, however, tended to be lowest in the block animals. Furthermore, the presence of a wooden block in a cage significantly reduced the amount of oral stereotypies during the latter part of the growing season. Significant differences did not exist in economically important fur characteristics (quality, mass, cover). It is suggested that fur studies on alternative chewing objects should be conducted before introducing such environmental enrichments into farming practice. Acta Ethol., 2002: 5, 29-37, 2 figs., 2 tables, 48 refs. Scientifur, Vol. 26, No. 2, 2002 40 Symposiums, congresses etc. 41 NJF's Subsection for Fur Animals NJF Report no. 347 NJF Seminar no. 347 Vuokatti, Finland 2 4 October 2002


ABSTRACT This study examines algorithm effects on user opinion, utilizing a real-world recommender algorithm of a highly popular video-sharing platform, YouTube. We experimentally manipulate user search/watch history by our custom programming. A controlled laboratory experiment is then conducted to examine whether exposure to algorithmically recommended content reinforces and polarizes political opinions. Results suggest that political self-reinforcement, as indicated by the political emotion-ideology alignment, and affective polarization are heightened by political videos – selected by the YouTube recommender algorithm – based on participants' own search preferences. Suggestions for how to reduce algorithm-induced political polarization and implications of algorithmic personalization for democracy are discussed.


School effectiveness and school improvement have different origins: school effectiveness is more directed to finding out "what works" in education and "why"; school improvement is practice and policy oriented and intended to change education in the desired direction. That means that in the orientation on the outcomes, input, processes, and context in education, school effectiveness and school improvement also have much in common. In the project Effective School Improvement (ESI), the merger of the 2 traditions has been pursued. In the theoretical part different orientations have been analysed and combined in a model for effective school improvement. Based on this analysis the framework is developed for the analysis of the case studies on school improvement projects in the participating countries.


Nursing theory provides a perspective from which to define the what of nursing, to describe the who of nursing (who is the client) and when nursing is needed, and to identify the boundaries and goals of nursing's therapeutic activities. Theory is fundamental to effective nursing practice and research. The professionalization of nursing has been and is being brought about through the development and use of nursing theory. In this article, various nursing theories are presented.


Objective To explore the effect of different extraction methods on the content of anthroquinone compound and its antioxidative activity in Polygonum cuspidatum Sieb.et Zucc..Methods Anthroquinone compound was extracted respectively by reflux method,Soxhlet extraction method ultrasound wave method and microwave-assisted extraction.The free and total anthroquinone content and its antioxidative activity was determined by spectrophotometry.The correlation between anthroquinone compound and antioxidative activity was analyzed.Results There were significant differences in the extraction content of free anthroquinone content among the four extraction method stated(P0.05),Soxhlet extraction method was the highest(0.53%),ultrasound wave method was better(0.45%).In the determination of total anthroquinone,the result was:Soxhlet extraction method(1.16%) ultrasound wave method(1.15%)microwave-assistedreflux method extraction.The reflux method was better than microwave-assisted extraction,compared with Soxhlet extraction method and ultrasound wave method.There were significant differences in the determination of its antioxidant activity(P0.05).There was significant negative correlation between anthroquinone compound and its antioxidative activity (P0.01).Conclusion Anthroquinone compound and antioxidative activity in Polygonum cuspidatum Sieb.et Zucc.was affected by different extracting methods,there was negative correlation between anthroquinone compound and antioxidative activity.


In his article J. Kirker Stephens* demonstrates the possibility of simultaneous inflation and unemployment in a simple Keynesian model by relaxing the assumption of labor homogeneity. As he correctly points out, most graphical and algebraic presentations of Keynesian models have not been used before to illustrate this empirically important phenomenon. On the other hand, Professor Stephens does not explain how the problem has been analyzed before, albeit verbally, in the traditional Keynesian framework.2 Consequently, it may not be readily apparent that complicating this framework with the assumption of diversified labor violates a venerable methodological rule: pluralites non est ponenda sine necessitate.^


Objective To investigate whether the generation of interleukin 12p70 and interleukin 10 by the dendritic cells(DCs)deriving from cord blood of allergic pregnant women was different from that of normal pregnant women,and lay a foundation for cytological study on allergic disease.Method In vitro,immature DCs were induced by monocyte cultured in granulocytes macrophage-colony stimulating factor(GM-CSF)and interleukin-4.On the 7th day,the immature DCs from allergic pregnant women were exposed to LPS(1 μg/ml);the negative control group was only added with the GM-CSF + IL-4.The supernatants were collected on the 9th day,and the levels of interleukin 12p70 and interleukin 10 were detected by Enzyme-labeled immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Result The levels of IL-12p70 and IL-10 secreted by DCs derived from pregnant women were obviously lower than those from normal pregnant women.Conclusion The dendritic cells from allergic pregnant women might have some functional defects.


The ubiquitous presence of shot noise sets a fundamental limit to the measurement precision in classical metrology. Recent advances in quantum devices and novel quantum algorithms utilizing interference effects are opening new routes for overcoming the detrimental noise tyranny. However, further progress is limited by the restricted capability of existing algorithms to account for the decoherence pervading experimental implementations. Here, adopting a systematic approach to the evaluation of effectiveness of metrological procedures, we devise the Linear Ascending Metrological Algorithm (LAMA), which offers a remarkable increase in precision in the demanding situation where a decohering quantum system is used to measure a continuously distributed variable. We introduce our protocol in the context of magnetic field measurements, assuming superconducting transmon devices as sensors operated in a qudit mode. Our findings demonstrate a quantum-metrological procedure capable of mitigating detrimental dephasing and relaxation effects.


The OFPS (Optical Fiber radiation Probe System) has been used for physical inventory verification (PIV) of spent nuclear fuel in Wolsung heavy water reactor since 2007 [1]. The KINAC (Korea Institute of Nuclear Nonproliferation and Control) has been studying to improve performance of the OFPS for a few years. This paper deals with how to determine an optimal scintillation material of a radiation detector as part of upgrading the inspection equipment. After a comparative study of three scintillators – Li glass scintillator, PVT-based plastic and p-Terphenyl organic scintillator -, a pTerphenyl scintillator was found out to be the best of the three candidates. A field test was also conducted in Wolsung Nuclear Power Plant for the purpose of proving experimentally performance of the three scintillation material. The experimental results showed the p-Terphenyl crystal was the most excellent in terms of sensitivity and resolution.


SEN is a key relative technology to TSCC, the quality of which influences not only the heats of continuous casting but also the stream field in the mould. The powder line is the key part of SEN, that determines the continuous casting life. In this study the microstructure of used SEN samples were examined by SEM, the causes of the abnormal erosion phenomena were analyzed from slag corrosion mechanism, reactions between carbon containing refractories and slag and molten steel, properties of refractories. The improvement of the quality of SEN were achieved by adjusting the graphite content and composite structure designing of SEN's powder line.


This study examined the cocoa production technologies adopted by cocoa farmers in Kogi State, Nigeria. Data used for the study were collected from 134 cocoa farmers through the use of a structured questionnaire. Using descriptive and inferential statistics for the analysis, our study revealed that production technologies adopted by cocoa farmers in Kogi State includes planting hybrid cocoa varieties (4.55), weed control (4.34), control of black pod disease with fungicides (4.39), fertiliser application (4.21) and control of capsids with insecticides (4.30). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) shows that there is a significant difference (0.68, p < 0.05) between production technologies adopted and cocoa production output among farmers. This indicates that production technologies has led to quality of output and improved farm practices. This paper concludes that farmer should strive to improve more on these technologies. Where there is inadequate enabling environment for farmers, the possibility of reduction of cocoa product is inevitable.


Spawning of Japanese halfbeak and Pacific needlefish overlap in time and space,and their eggs are morphologically similar.In this study,in order to make a correct identification of these eggs,we use the partial sequences of mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunitⅠ(COⅠ)gene and control region(D-loop)sequencing to identify the eggs of Japanese halfbeak which had been identified through visual inspection.Partial sequences of COⅠgene and D-loop of the fish eggs,the adults of Japanese halfbeak and Pacific needlefish are amplified and alignment.The results conveyed that the genetic distance between the fish eggs and Japanese halfbeak was 0~0.4 % in partial sequences of COⅠgene,and 0~0.7 % in partial sequences of D-loop,they were the diver- gence in species and were relatively closer affinity.But the genetic distance between the fish eggs and Pacific needlefish in partial sequences of COⅠgene was 23.1%,so the fish eggs were alienated from Pacific needle- fish.It is suggested that they are eggs of the Japanese halfbeak and the methodology of genetic identification can be very useful in the identification of fish eggs.


Abstract The determination of certain phenolic acids employing a gradient HPLC method is described, in this study. The analysis was performed by using a gradient program with the two solvents system (A: methanol:water:formic acid (10∶88∶2 v/v); B: methanol:water:formic acid (90:8:2 v/v)). The flow rate of 1 mL · min−1, injection volume of 10 µL was used and signals were detected at 280 nm. Propylparaben was a suitable compound as an internal standard for this system. The method was validated and highly repeatable (between RSD values of 0.35–1.65) and linear results were obtained. The LOD and LOQ values of the phenolic acids are in the range of (2.58×10−6−9.69×10−6 M) and (7.83×10−6−2.93×10−5 M), respectively. The applicability of the method was tested by using some plant source materials, and the phenolic acid contents were successfully determined via well‐defined peaks. Therefore, the progressed method is suggested for the quantification of phenolic acids in food industry and laboratories.


Environmental economists often point out that well-intentioned initiatives need not be effective. Green bonds are likely to be the opposite: They may well be environmentally effective, but their success is probably driven by the short-termism of managers, which is usually viewed as hindering sustainability. Yet green bonds are not substitute to carbon penalties. Our findings suggest that green bonds can only amplify the impact of existing carbon penalties, and do not work in their absence. Green finance certification allows investors to link their decisions to firms' commitments toward the environment.


The objective of this research is to examine the effect of Debt to Equity Ratio (DER), Current Ratio (CR), Return On Asset (ROA), Total Asset Turnover (TAT), and Cash Flow from Operating (CFO) both partially and simultaneously towards share return.  The objects of this study are manufacturin companies which were listed in Bursa Efek Indonesia in the period 2010-2012. The samples are 18 companies based on purposive sampling. The data used in this study are secondary data such as share prices and financial statements.  The results of this study are (1) Debt to Equity Ratio (DER) partially has significant effect towards share return (2) Current Ratio (CR) partially has no significant effect towards share return (3) Return On Asset (ROA) partially has significant effect towards share return (4) Total Asset Turnover (TAT) partially has no significant effect towards share return (5) Cash Flow from Operating (CFO) partially has no significant effect towards share return (6) Debt to Equity Ratio (DER), Current Ratio (CR), Return On Asset (ROA), Total Asset Turnover (TAT), and Cash Flow from Operating (CFO) simultaneously have a significant effect towards share return.


A comparison of gated optical shuttering responses for commercially available micro-channel plate image intensifier tubes (MCPTs) with the performance of a new design for improved optical shuttering is presented. Measurements of opacity, photocathode quantum efficiency, and shutter pulse propagation characteristics are discussed.


The study analyses responses from senior government officials from 12 APEC economies that provide extensive descriptions of SME policies that had been in place prior to the GFC and that also detail how programs may have been expanded, and describes new programs that may have been added, specifically to deal with the GFC. This analysis is combined with a parallel OECD assessment to arrive at a comprehensive taxonomy of initiatives. In order to assess the extent to which the governments' measures address the challenges faced by SMEs, the taxonomy of initiatives is tabulated against a rank-ordered listing of the issues identified by SMEs. This allows identification of gaps that existing and new government schemes have yet to deal with.


Implementing the intrinsically compliant and energy-efficient leg behavior found in humans for humanoid robots is a challenging task. Control complexity and energy requirements are two major obstacles for the design of legged robots. Past projects revealed that the control complexity can be drastically reduced by designing mechanically intelligent systems with self-stabilization structures. Breaking through the latter obstacle can be achieved by the development and use of compliant actuators. Mechanical elasticity and its online adaptation in legged systems are generally accepted as the technologies to achieve human-like mobility. However, elastic actuation does not necessarily result in energy-efficient systems. We show that mechanical elasticity, although being worthwhile, can have negative effects on the performance of drives. We present a methodology that introduces both elasticity and energy-efficiency to a bipedal model. To this end, we report on the influence of monoarticular structures and demonstrate that these structures have the potential to both take us a step further toward the goal of realizing human-like locomotion and reduce the energy consumption.


The microstructures of commercially prepared electron beam physical vapor deposition CoCrAlY coatings on drop cast IN738LC substrates were studied using a technique developed for preparing cross‐sectional transmission electron microscope (TEM) specimens of exceptional mechanical stability. The microstructure was found to vary as a function of processing condition, starting as a fine dispersion of the α, β, and e phases, after coating, distinguishable only with the aid of a TEM. This structure coarsened when exposed to the high temperature of the diffusion bonding heat treatment. In addition, flaws existing in the coating (leaders) were successfully sealed by glass bead peening and were observed to shrink with time when subjected to high temperature. Fine yttrium‐rich precipitates were observed in the coating which were difficult to identify due to their small size. Selected area diffraction revealed that one such precipitate was Y2O3. Additional analytical techniques included optical and scanning electron...


Psoriasis is a common scaly skin disease, characterized by chronic exacerbations and remissions, affecting about 2% of the world's population. The most common form is chronic plaque psoriasis, characterized by erythematous-desquamative lesions on the elbows, knees, scalp and buttocks. A characteristic feature of psoriasis is the isomorphic phenomenon, which was first described by Koebner in 1877 [1]. Koebner's phenomenon involves the appearance of psoriatic lesions, sometimes with uncommon shapes, [...]


[ILLUSTRATION OMITTED] FOR THE PAST several years, the School of Advanced Military Studies (SAMS) has been pursuing two objectives regarding design. First, under the exemplary leadership of Colonel Steve Banach, the school served as one of the Army's champions for the concept of design, and played a significant role in getting the idea into the Army lexicon. Simultaneously, but less visibly, the school has been aggressively experimenting with the concept of design from its initial form all the way through the establishment of the methodology defined in Field Manual (FM) 5-0, The Operations Process, last spring. We now believe we are in a position to offer some insight into the role of the design methodology within the Army's operations process, along the way dispelling a number of myths about the methodology that we, SAMS, may have unintentionally played a role in propagating. We now recognize that the most important contribution of the March 2010 edition of FM 5-0 is not the introduction of the design methodology but the recognition that effective planning has both a conceptual and a detailed component. Unfortunately, this recognition can be missed if one skips directly to Chapter 3 of the manual, and the resulting confusion is only compounded by a number of common myths about the design methodology that ignore the distinction altogether. The mythology of design arose largely because of well- intentioned efforts to advertise the potential of the concept. The unintended result has been that the field's experiments with the design methodology have not always lived up to the billing. Consequently, the debate in military journals has somehow encouraged two equally unlikely propositions about using the design methodology: either it will eliminate error from military decision making, or it is useless. The truth lies between these extremes. Because of our extensive experimentation with the design methodology, we believe SAMS is uniquely placed to offer an honest assessment of the methodology's applicability, strengths, and weaknesses. We have already stated our most central lesson: effective planning requires both conceptual and detailed thinking, and we separate the two at our peril. We have found that the design methodology offers commanders and staffs useful tools for conceptual thinking but is not a panacea for the problems that face the force today. Unfortunately, the advantages that the design methodology does offer will go largely unrealized unless the force is convinced of its value, and the common tendency to discuss its methodology with zealous propagandizing is far from helpful. We hope to start a more open discussion, admitting that we may have oversold design in the past, and we offer the following thoughts. Demythologizing Design Unhelpful myths surrounding design militate against its widespread acceptance by the force. Here we want to put these canards to rest so discussion of the doctrinal design methodology can proceed constructively. Myth #1: The design methodology and planning are two mutually exclusive options for military decision making. Actually, the design methodology is a subcomponent of planning. As FM 5-0 makes clear, "planning consists of two separate, but closely related components: a conceptual component and a detailed component." (1) Planning encompasses the design methodology, the Military Decision Making Process (MDMP), and Troop Leading Procedures. All components of planning fit within the larger "operations process." Language that attempts to split the world into "planners" and "designers" is inherently wrong and dangerous. The design methodology is not a stand-alone methodology. FM 5-0 accurately asserts that the design methodology allows a planner to "develop approaches to solve" problems. (2) Put more bluntly, the design methodology does not produce solutions on its own. Why not? Because design is a tool for conceptual thinking, and effective solutions require both a conceptual component and a detailed component. …


Advances in mobile technologies and map-based applications enables users to utilize sophisticated spatial queries, including <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${k}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-nearest neighbor and shortest path queries. Often, location-based servers are used to handle multiple simultaneous queries because of the popularity of map-based applications. This study focuses on the efficient processing of multiple concurrent <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${k}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-farthest neighbor (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${k}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>FN) queries in road networks. For a positive integer <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$k$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, query point <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$q$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, and set of data points <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$P$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, a <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${k}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>FN query returns <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$k$ </tex-math></inline-formula> data points farthest from the query point <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$q$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. For addressing multiple concurrent spatial queries, traditional location-based servers based on one-query-at-a-time processing are unsuitable owing to high redundant computation costs. Therefore, we propose a group processing of multiple <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${k}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>FN (GMP) algorithm to process multiple <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${k}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>FN queries in road networks. The proposed GMP algorithm uses group computation to avoid the redundant computation of network distances between the query and data points. The experiments using real-world roadmaps demonstrate the proposed solution's effectiveness and efficiency.


This essay explains where medical malpractice claims are filed in Mississippi. It initially does so by collecting state circuit court data, which have been recently released by the Administrative Office of Courts. The essay, then, computes summary statistics. Lastly, it examines these statistics: in order to find out which county had the most medical malpractice claims.


Chitosan is the deacetylated product of chitin. Chitosan and its derivatives have many properties that make them attractive for a wide variety of health applications. We reported recently that water soluble chitooligosaccharide have hepatoprotective effect on ethanol induced liver injury in the mouse. The current study examined the effect of water-soluble chitooligosaccharides on CCl4-induced liver injury in rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were orally treated with CCl4 without or with administration of 5% chitooligosaccharides. After 5 weeks after CCl4 treatment, the histological sections and the expression of mRNA of interleukin-12 (IL-12), hepatocyte growth factor (HCF), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) were examined. The liver section of rats supplemented with those of non-supplemented rats. The level of TNF-α mRNA in CCl4-treated rats were higher than those in the rats supplemented with chitooligosaccharides, while the levels of IL-12 and HGF mRNA were higher in the rats supplemented with chitooligosaccharides than those of in CCl4-treated rats. These findings suggested that water-soluble chitooligosaccharides may have a hepatoprotective activity against CCl4-induced liver injury in rats.


The transport of n-butane−methane mixtures in the zeolite silicalite has been studied. We have used long molecular dynamics simulations for the calculation of diffusion tensor components for both species over a wide range of loadings and compositions at 300 K. Self-diffusivities are seen to decrease monotonically with loading of either species. Raising the loading of n-butane from 2 to 9 molecules per unit cell causes the diffusivity of methane to drop by a factor of 60. The spatial distribution of molecules of the two co-adsorbed species was investigated, showing that, at high occupancies, n-butane molecules force methanes to partially abandon straight channel interiors and occupy the intersection regions. A conformation analysis indicates that, at high methane concentrations, n-butane molecules are forced to populate preferentially the gauche conformation. We have identified an anomalous diffusion regime for both species at higher loadings. Interestingly, anomalous effects are more pronounced for methan...


This appendix provides a summary of the meta-model and notation diagrams for SysML. For each of the nine SysML diagram types, grouped into structural and behavioural diagrams, three diagrams are given: 1) a partial meta-model for that diagram type; 2) the notation used on that diagram type; and 3) an example of that diagram type. The same information is also given for the SysML auxiliary constructs. The appendix concludes with two diagrams that illustrate some of the main relation ships between the SysML diagram, which also show how the concepts involved in parametric definition and usage are related.


[1] Recent observations of inner-core scattering (ICS) waves provide evidence that the outermost 300 km of the inner-core has strong heterogeneities with a length scale of a few kilometers. These waves follow a path similar to that of the inner-core–reflected waves PKiKP and were originally observed in data from 16 events in the distance range 58 to 73 recorded by the Large Aperture Seismic Array (LASA). Here we present additional observations of the ICS waves from a total of 78 events recorded by LASA at distances from 18 to 98. We use a modified version of the Generic Array Processing software package to identify ICS waves on the basis of travel time, back azimuth, ray parameter, amplitude, and coherence. There are 44 events that produce clear ICS waves. We then perform forward modeling of the observed ICS waves using a Monte Carlo seismic phonon method that allows for multiple scattering along the raypath. Most of the ICS waves appear without a visible PKiKP phase, initially grow in time, and have a spindleshaped envelope. The duration, risetime, and decay rates of the observed ICS waves can be best explained by small-scale volumetric heterogeneities in the outermost few hundred kilometers of the inner core. The average Qc value for the 44 events is � 600. Most clear ICS waves are found for raypaths sampling the Pacific Ocean and Asia, and relatively few observations are from the Atlantic Ocean, roughly consistent with the recently observed hemispheric difference in the inner-core structure.


People's representatives are the cells of the People's Congress, which is seen as the most fundamental political system. The comparison between Chinese representatives and their counterparts in Western countries is of great importance both in theory and practice.


T HE paper by Swanson1 on the Cranfield experiments is a welcome contribution to the literature on the problems involved in the design of tests of information-retrieval systems. As he says, the report of the Cranfield tests should have been critically reviewed soon after publication, and from our viewpoint it is unfortunate that his paper should not appear until a time when it has so little relevance to the techniques being used in the present Cranfield work. However, it points out clearly the weaknesses in the design of the original project and should certainly be required reading for anyone who comes fresh to the field of evaluation; for, although Swanson has produced an impressive list of references on the Cranfield work, some recent proposals for evaluation of information-retrieval systems are so full of similar or worse errors of design that it would seem that the Cranfield projects might never have been done. It is not my intention to attempt to answer all the criticisms made by Swanson. Many are unanswerable, except, of course, in the general terms that this was a test designed in 1956. However, I cannot help but feel that, in spite of its admitted weaknesses, the test design must, over all, have been reasonably good in that it provided data which enabled us to list a number of tentative conclusions which are being substantiated by later and more rigorous tests. Swanson lists ten such findings; I would group some of these and reduce the conclusions which he quotes to the following points. 1. No significant improvement in indexing is likely beyond an indexing time of four minutes. 2. Trained indexers are able to do consistently good indexing although they lack subject knowledge. 3. Indications are that informationretrieval systems are operating normally at a recall ratio between 70 and 90 per cent and in the range of 8-20 per cent precision.2 4. There is an optimum level of exhaustivity of indexing. To index beyond this limit will do little to improve recall ratio but will seriously weaken the precision ratio. 5. There is an inevitable inverse relationship between recall and precision. 6. Within the normal operating range of a system, a 1 per cent improvement in relevance will result in a 3 per cent drop in recall. 7. The most significant result of the main test program was that all four indexing methods were operating at


We analyze the degree of physical and psychological experiences of the person using the technique «Self Portrait» in children with cerebral palsy. Awareness of the defect found in children with and related to the disease of the child. We consider features of parent-child relationships in families of children with cerebral palsy and their influence on the formation of «self-development environment».


CV Dwi Sumber is one of manufacture company which handles sales with variant product. Recording process of raw materials from the warehouse until production process was done manually. The company ordered raw material with the same amount without checking the stock quantity available in the warehouse. For every order, the company must pay order fee. Transactions record were also done manually so it was not directly reduce the stock of raw materials in the warehouse. This accumulated to overstock in the warehouse. This application used Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) to calculate optimal raw material order so it can reduce order fee. This application can also record transaction, automatically reduce stock in the warehouse, calculate safety stock in the warehouse so management can decide when they have to reorder the raw material. Transaction record can be viewed as accounting journal and general ledger. This application is built using PHP programming language and MySQL database.


Abstract A novel spray tower was developed for bioassay of biopesticide formulations. The virulence of Metarhizium brunneum and Metarhizium anisopliae ATCC 62176 was evaluated against imported fire ants. Both isolates were virulent but M. brunneum was more effective against imported fire ants. Results proved this apparatus was reliable, sensitive and accurate.


Abstract:The concept of minimal intervention in historic structures has served as a cornerstone of conservation theory for more than one hundred years. But how has this concept affected the persistence of traditional craft skills, and what role do craftspeople serve on modern conservation sites? This paper observes the philosophical underpinning of conservation theory in the United Kingdom and the United States and its impact on heritage craft skills transfer. By studying historical and modern observations of "minimal intervention" concepts, along with the development of international standards, which incorporate wider concepts of "heritage" and "authenticity," this paper argues that cultures that adhere to the nineteenth-century concepts of materiality should expand their concepts of heritage to include the intangible aspects of craft practice. Additionally, it argues that the hierarchical frameworks that currently exist on-site between practitioners and professionals should be reexamined to identify the enhanced role that craft workers can serve within the decision and execution processes of historic structure conservation.


If I was l iving outside my comfort zone.. . Sometimes comfort and predictability are necessary. When we are going through big life changes it can be reassuring to have a routine and structure to our lives and to operate in a zone where we feel safe and unchallenged. We can't stay in this zone all the time however or we would never grow and develop. To move out of your comfort zone you need to establish what your comfort zone looks like and what you would like to do when you step outside of it. UNDERSTANDING YOUR COMFORT ZONE


The work presented in the manuscript addresses relevant problems and tries to fill important gaps of knowledge in hydrological research. The work seems to have been conducted with high rigor and is of solid quality. A systematic comparison of different storage-discharge analysis methods on a large set of catchments is an important contribution in judging the value of those methods for research and practice. The manuscript should be published after some revisions.


Finite-size effects in the localization properties of disordered quantum wires are analyzed through conductance calculations. Disorder is induced by introducing vacancies at random positions in the wire and thus preserving the chiral symmetry. For quasi-one-dimensional geometries and low concentration of vacancies, an exponential decay of the mean conductance with the wire length is obtained even at the center of the energy band. For wide wires, finite-size effects cause the conductance to decay following a nonpure exponential law. We propose an analytical formula for the mean conductance that reproduces accurately the numerical data for both geometries. However, when the concentration of vacancies increases above a critical value, a transition towards the suppression of the conductance occurs. This is a signature of the presence of ultra-localized states trapped in finite regions of the sample.


The pervasiveness of GPS-enabled devices and wireless communication technologies flourish the market of Spatial Crowdsourcing (SC), which consists of location-based tasks and requires workers to physically be at specific locations to complete them. In this work, we study the problem of Worker Churn based Task Assignment in SC, where tasks are to be assigned by considering workers' churn. In particular, we aim to achieve the highest total rewards of task assignments based on the worker churn prediction. To solve the problem, we propose a two-phase framework, which consists of a worker churn prediction phase and a task assignment phase. In the first phase, we use an LSTM-based model to extract the latent feelings of workers based on the historical data and then estimate the idle time intervals of workers. In the assignment phase, we design an efficient greedy algorithm and a Kuhn-Munkras (KM)-based algorithm that can achieve the optimal task assignment. Extensive experiments offer insight into the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed solutions.


ABSTRACT Inclusive education is a new pedagogical vision of the education system that fosters social cohesion and equality. There are numerous political initiatives to implement inclusive education in different educational stages, including university. However, the scope of these initiatives and the influence of the change agents, university faculty, are still not known. The objective of this study was to determine faculty's perception of inclusive education at university. It also aimed to analyse which socio-labour variables were significantly related to the vision of inclusive education in university faculty. Three factors were determined: attitudes towards inclusive education, inclusive didactics and educational management for inclusion, as well as the total inclusive education scale. A total of 1,252 university academic personnel from 49 universities in Spain participated in this survey-based study. The results showed that a different level of inclusive education in the university faculty significantly correlated with socio-labour variables such as gender, age, previous experience with minorities, training, experience in research on diversity, size of the university and the field of knowledge in which they teach. The conclusions of this study include recommendations of continuous training in inclusive education in higher education, with the consequent implications on institutional policy.


1. INTRODUCTION The use of multiple antennas at the Base Station (BS) is recognized as a key technology to achieve significant improvements in capacity and range for wireless communication systems [1]. In this paper we focus on Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) since the next generation wireless communication systems are based on CDMA. It is well known that the performance of CDMA systems is limited by both multipath fast fading and Multiple Access Interference (MAI) [2]. The two array architectures commonly considered to combat these adverse phenomena are Diversity and Beamforming arrays. Beamforming and diversity traditionally have conflicting requirements for optimum performance. Diversity arrays employ widely spaced antenna elements to mitigate the performance degradation due to multipath fading [1], [3]. In contrast, Conventional Beamforming (CBF) arrays employ closely spaced antenna elements, with typical inter-element spacing of half wavelength. They can mitigate MAI by forming a narrow beam towards the desired user and low side-lobes towards the remaining users [4]–[6]. Recently a hybrid scheme of diversity and beamforming called Hierarchical Beamforming (HBF) has been proposed to simultaneously combat both fading and MAI [7]. In HBF, the array elements are divided into groups to form several sub-beamforming arrays. The inter-element spacing within a sub-array is assumed half wavelength, while the distance between the adjacent sub-arrays is large (e.g. 20λ or more) to ensure independent fading between sub-arrays. The performance of such an array for downlink of a generic DS-CDMA system in a Rayleigh (Non Line of Sight) fading environment was analysed in [8]. However the analysis assumed zero Angle Spread (AS). This assumption is reasonable in suburban areas where the coverage is from elevated BS antennas as the multipath rays arrive at the BS with a small angle spread (e.g. a few degrees). However when the base stations are located within or near urban clutter, they can consequently experience a much larger AS than the elevated base stations, e.g. 5 • − 15 • depending on the height of the BS [9]. Thus it is important to consider the effect of angle spread. In this work, we assume perfect channel estimation and extend the work in [8] by comparing the performance of CBF and HBF while taking angle spread into account. It is shown that the consideration of angle spread affects the performance comparison between CBF and HBF. We also study the interaction of beamforming and various spatial and temporal diversity gains …


Objective
To investigate the value of heparin-binding protein( HBP ) in predicting urosepsis after endoscopic lithotripsy for upper urinary tract stones.

Methods
From January to November 2018, 635 cases of upper urinary tract stones treated by endoscopic lithotripsy in our hospital was analyzed. According to the 2014 edition Chinese Guidelines of the diagnosis and treatment of urosepsis, all patients were divided into two groups, the definite urosepsis group (n=53, 8.3%) and the no urosepsis group (n=582, 91.7%). The serum of HBP level was detected by fluorescence immunoassay technology. The serum of procalcitonin (PCT) level was detected by cyclic enhanced immunofluorescent assay. C-reactive protein (CRP) level was detected by automatic chemiluminescence immunoassay analyzer. White blood cells (WBC) count was performed by hematology analyzer. Receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curves were constructed by SPSS 22 and MedCale, and areas under curves (AUC) were calculated and compared to illustrate the diagnostic power of HBP, PCT, CRP and WBC. The correlation between HBP and WBC was also significant (r=0.68, P<0.05).

Results
The level of HBP, PCT, CRP and WBC were significantly higher in the definite urosepsis group compared to the no urosepsis group. AUC of HBP, PCT, CRP and WBC were 0.930, 0.878, 0.727 and 0.617. When the cutoff of HBP, PCT, CRP and WBC were set as 51.5 ng/ml, 0.41 ng/ml, 64.2 mg/L and 11.7×109/L, the sensitivities were 89.2%, 83.3%, 83.5% and 44.7%, and the specificity were 95.9%, 75.6%, 64.3% and 77.1%, respectively.

Conclusions
The value of heparin-binding protein was superior to that of PCT, CRP and WBC in predicting urosepsis after endoscopic lithotripsy for upper urinary tract stones. Heparin-binding protein could be acted as a diagnostic marker for urosepsis.

Key words:
Heparin-binding protein; Upper urinary tract stones; Endoscopic lithotripsy; Urosepsis


The amount and complexity of data generated by information systems keep increasing in Warehouses. The domain of Business Intelligence (BI) aims at providing methods and tools to better help users in retrieving those data. Data sources are distributed over distinct locations and are usually accessible through various applications. Looking for new information could be a tedious task, because business users try to reduce their work overload. To tackle this problem, Enterprise Search is a field that has emerged in the last few years, and that takes into consideration the different corporate data sources as well as sources available to the public (e.g. World Wide Web pages). However, corporate retrieval systems nowadays still suffer from information overload. We believe that such systems would benefit from Natural Language (NL) approaches combined with QA secondly, a constraint-matching-based translation approach, which replaces a pivot language with a conceptual model and leads to more personalized multidimensional queries; thirdly, a set of NL patterns for translating BI questions in structured queries that can be easily configured in specific settings. In addition, we have implemented an iPhone/iPad™ application and an HTML front-end that demonstrate the feasibility of the various approaches developed through a series of evaluation metrics for the core component and scenario of the Q&A framework. To this end, we elaborate on a range of gold-standard queries that can be used as a basis for evaluating retrieval systems in this area, and show that our system behave similarly as the well-known WolframAlpha™ system, depending on the evaluation settings.


Objective: To evaluate the influence of core thickness and fabrication stages on the marginal accuracy of IPS e.max Press crowns. Materials and Methods: Twenty IPS e.max Press crowns, 1.5mm thick, were fabricated on metal dies. The crowns had two different core thicknesses, 0.8mm for group A and 1mm for group B, ten for each group. Marginal gap was measured after each stage of core fabrication, veneering and glaze firing. The specimens were not cemented and the measurements were made at four points on metal dies using a stereomicroscope (×120). Data were analyzed by SPSS software and independent t-test. Results: Mean marginal gaps measured after each stage for group A were 13.5 (±1.4) μm, 33.9 (±2.3) μm and 40.5(±1.7) μm, and for group B these figures were 14.9(±2.0) μm, 35.5(±2.2) μm and 41.3(±2.0) μm. There were no statistically significant differences in marginal gap values between the two groups (p>0.1). Significant increase in gap was observed after the veneering stage in both groups (p<0.05). After glazing, no significant increase in gap was detected. Conclusion: IPS e.max Press crowns have an acceptable marginal fit. Increasing thickness of core does not increase marginal fitness.


We report continuum (1.3 cm) and H2O maser line observations, made with the Very Large Array (A configuration), toward the cluster of radio continuum sources in the star-forming region Cepheus A East. The 1.3 cm continuum emission is detected toward HW2, HW3b, HW3c, HW3d, and HW9. In addition, a new continuum source (Cep A:VLA 1), undetected previously, is observed at this wavelength. We detected three spatial clusters of H2O masers that are associated with the 1.3 cm continuum sources HW2, HW3b, and HW3dii (the brightest component of HW3d), indicating that these objects may harbor an energy source as suggested by Garay and coworkers. The spatial distribution of the H2O masers with respect to the continuum emission is different in each one of these objects. Toward source HW2 the H2O masers are spread over ~1'' and aligned in a direction almost perpendicular to the associated radio jet. In HW3b the H2O masers are spread over a more compact region (~0.″5) and aligned along the major axis of the elongated radio continuum emission. The masers associated with the compact object HW3dii are distributed over a compact region (~0.″5) but do not show any clear spatial trend. By comparing the H2O (this paper) and OH maser distributions in the region, we propose that object HW2, with the strongest H2O-OH maser activity, could represent the "oldest" young stellar object of the region, while HW3b, with no reported OH maser activity, could be the "youngest" source of these three objects.


Analysis of detectors of linear frequency modulated (LFM) signals based on the fractional Fourier transform (FrFT) is presented. This allows one to conduct a fair comparison of the performance of these methods with those based on the Fourier transform (FT). In order to facilitate this analysis, expressions for the distribution of the coefficients of the FrFT are presented. Analytic approximations for the FT of the LFM signals are also developed. It is shown that the FrFT methods achieve superior performance if the sweep rate is sufficiently fast or the data length is sufficiently large.


OBJECTIVE:To establish a rapid,accurate and standardized DNA molecular marker method for the identification of Pheretima aspergillum.METHODS:The CO Ⅰ and 16S rRNA gene sequences of P.aspergillum from 5 different populations were determined using CodonCode Aligner sequence assembly.In addition,the COⅠ and 16S rRNA gene sequences of P.aspergillum were downloaded from GenBank,and intraspecific and interspecific K2P genetic distance between P.aspergillum and counterfeit were calculated with MEGA 4.1 to construct NJ and MP phylogenetic tree.RESULTS:The variation sites and information sites of COⅠ were higher than those of 16S rRNA.There were no insertions and deletions of COⅠ,and there were 4 insertions and deletions of 16S rRNA.The interspecific genetic distances of COⅠ and 16S rRNA sequences were significantly greater than intraspecific ones,and COⅠ and 16S rRNA gene can be identified from the other earthworm species.CONCLUSION:The COⅠ and 16S rRNA gene can provide reference for the identification of the animal Chinese medicine at the molecular level,and accumulate information for DNA barcode of animal Chinese medicine.


ABSTRACT Objective: Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) converts angiotensin I into angiotensin II. The ACE gene shows an I/D polymorphism, which correlates with ACE concentrations. The aim of this study is to evaluate the distribution of the ACE I/D genotype in children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS) and healthy controls and study the effect of this polymorphism on clinical and pathologic findings. Methods: ACE gene I/D polymorphism of 104 patients with INS and 119 controls were determined. Results: The DD, ID, and II genotypes were found in 58.7%, 22.1%, and 19.2% of the patients, and in 79.8%, 2.5%, and 17.6% of controls, respectively (p > 0.05). The ID genotype was seen more frequently in patients resistant to treatment. Conclusion: The observed differences with previous reports suggest the influence of the genetic background on disease course. The ACE I/D gene polymorphism's role seems to be more important in renal disease progression than susceptibility.


A vanishing one-loop wavefunction of the universe in the limit of small 3-geometry is found, on imposing diffeomorphism-invariant boundary conditions on the Euclidean 4-ball in the de Donder gauge. This result suggests a quantum avoidance of the cosmological singularity driven by full diffeomorphism invariance of the boundary-value problem for one-loop quantum theory. All of this is made possible by a peculiar spectral cancellation on the Euclidean 4-ball, here derived and discussed.


The basic ontology of Korean Sundo is the theory of One-Three-Nine (一ㆍ三ㆍ九論)[the theory of the five natural elements of the three dimensions(三元五行論)]. In this theory, it is considered that the substance of being is 'ne Ki氣[Three Ki: Chun天(Information or Naught無ㆍ空), Ji地(Material) and In人(Energy)]' It functions to harmonize with the separation and confrontation between Yin and Yang in the phenomenal(physical) world. The 'ne Ki(Three Ki)'of human is situated in the three hypogastric center(丹田) of human body, i.e. the lower hypogastric center, the middle hypogastric center and the upper hypogastric center and the core of them is the middle hypogastric center(heart). On the other side in the theory of the five natural elements of Yin and Yang(陰陽五行論) of Chinese Taoism, both the substance and the phenomena of being is Yin and Yang uniformly. In Neidan(內丹, Inner alchemy) discipline of Chinese Taoism, Yin and Yang of human is situated in the lower hypogastric center(Yin) and the upper hypogastric center(Yang). In comparison with Korean Sundo discipline, the weight of the middle hypogastric center(heart) is weakened. Consequently we can understand that Chinese Neidan discipline is the 'in and Yang discipline' i.e. the two dimensions discipline, although it is professed for 'ing(精)ㆍKi(氣)ㆍShen(神) discipline' i.e. the three dimensions discipline. When the weight of the middle hypogastric center(heart) is weakened, the lower hypogastric center becomes the core of the discipline naturally. Because the completion of three hypogastric center has sequent order, in other words 'he lower hypogastric center→ the middle hypogastric center → the upper hypogastric center'. For Chinese Neidan discipline, centering around the lower hypogastric center, it causes the tendency of focusing on the function of the upper hypogastric center, operating inner Ki of human body, improving bodily powers, and weakening of social practice.


The capacities of countries to cope with the challenges presented by global environmental changes vary considerably. The increasing international relations between countries are however bridging the gap with information transfer. Nevertheless, this trend is also seen as a hindrance to national sovereignty and has hence created a need to find a new framework to describe and act on the international arena. Diffusion, a processes which may be the first step towards the emergence of international environmental regimes, has therefore become a complementary approach for global dissemination and governance across a broad range of fields. This research focused on the diffusion of renewable energy policy innovations in Ghana and acknowledges that the diffusion of international regulatory policy innovations depends on a complex interplay of factors. The study reveals that power relations play a strong role in the process. Change agents who engage in voluntary and "power with" relations are more likely to effectively diffuse policy innovations to wider social units.


A math fair in India with hands-on experiences that simplify conceptual mathematics proves to be the perfect milieu to trigger children's interest in learning mathematics


To investigate whether neurons in the ventrolateral part of the medulla oblongata (VLMO) are sensitive to ovarian steroid, estradiol benzoate (EB) or progesterone (Prog.) was implanted through a stainless steel double cannula into the VLMO of ovariectomized, EB-primed rats and serum LH was measured. Two weeks after ovariectomy, rats were primed with 20 micrograms EB at 1200h and this day was arbitrarily defined as day 0. At 1200h on day 3, powdery steroid, EB or Prog., was unilaterally implanted into the VLMO. Implantation of EB into the VLMO was effective in increasing serum LH at 1600, 1800 and 2000h on days 3 and 4, but the serum LH concentration at 1600, 1800 and 2000h was much more increased on day 4 than on day 3. Implantation of Prog. into the VLMO failed to induce a significant increase in serum LH on days 3 and 4. To further investigate the effects of anterolateral hypothalamic (ALH) transection and complete spinal transection at T4-T7 levels on EB implantation into the VLMO was examined. It has been shown that both ALH transection and spinal transection at high thoracic levels (T4-T7) significantly blocked proestrous gonadotropin surges and ovulation. In rats with ALH transection, EB implantation into the VLMO was not effective in increasing serum LH at 1600, 1800 and 2000h on days 3 and 4, but in rats with complete spinal transection, EB implantation into the VLMO was effective in increasing serum LH at 1800 and 2000h on days 3 and 4. These results suggest that EB exerts its stimulatory feedback action on the VLMO and the anterolateral hypothalamic area is involved in the mechanism of this stimulatory feedback action of EB.


In l997 the Polish Anatomical Society included 391 regular members and 10 honorary members (2 from abroad), active in 12 regional sections. The activities of the society were conducted by the Main Board, which in 1997 held 4 plenary sessions, one with participation of chairmen of the regional sections. During plenary sessions the activity of the regional sections, betterment and advancement of medical education as well as editoral problems of Folia Morphologica (editor-in-chief- prof. Witold Woźniak) and Advances in Cell Biology (editor-in-chief - prof. Jerzy Kawiak) were discussed. Between the plenary sessions of the Main Board all the affairs of the society were conducted by its Presidium.

In the Main Board of the Polish Anatomical Society are active the following sections:
1) Electron Microscopy (chairman - prof. Zofia Osuchowska),
2) Developmental Anatomy (chairman - prof. Malgorzata Bruska),
3) Neuroanatomy (chairman - prof. Janusz Moryś),
4) Teaching of Anatomy in Medical Faculties (chairman - prof. Olgierd Narkiewicz),
5) Teaching of Anatomy in Veterinary Faculties (chairman - prof. Henryk Kobryn),
6) Clinical Anatomy (chairman - prof. Ryszard Aleksandrowicz).

On February 7, 1997 in the Department of Veterinary Medicine in Lublin the end of Competition "Vena nostra" was held. The Competition was organized by Department of Animal Anatomy, Agricultural University in Lublin under the auspices of the Main Board of the Polish Anatomical Society.

On May 24 - 27, 1997, in Olsztyn the Bipartie Meeting of the Anatomische Gesellschaft and the Polish Anatomical Society was held. Altogether 367 participants presented 2 plenary lectures, 113 oral presentations, and 205 posters.

The Main Board of the Polish Anatomical Society together with Polish Histo-and Cytochemical Society organized 27th Conference on "Ultrastructure and function of cell nucleus". The Conference was held on December 13, 1997 in Warsaw.

The scientific activities of the Polish Anatomical Society were conducted in the regional sections, which in 1997 organized 32 local meetings. The topics of meetings were following: - Bialystok Section (chairman - prof. T. Jelisiejew) Report not received. - Bydgoszcz Section (chairman - prof. D. Gościcka).

1) Anatomical basis of the surgical approach to the splanchnic nerves during thoracoscopic splanchnicectomy in pains of pancreatic origin
2) Renal arteries in human fetuses - Gdansk Section (chairman - prof. M. Grzybiak).
1) EPR in connective tissue investiga- tions
2) Apoptosis during development of the rat's striatum
3) Septomarginal trabecula in primates
4) Angiogenesis
5) Comparative anatomy of claustrum - Katowice and Zabrze Section (chairman - prof. K. Ślusarczyk).
1) Morphology and function of lymphatic system in laboratory animals
2) Sources of blood supply and angioarchitecture of peripheral nerves and central nervous system in human and experimental animals
3) Age changes in the nervous system in Wistar rats
4) Somatic features of children and teenagers in manufactory industry environment - Krakow Section (chairman - prof. A. Skawina).
1) Prof. Jan Kuś - obituary
2) Microangioarchitectonics of the human fetal spinal ganglia
3) Classification of congenital limb deficiencies - Lublin Section (chairman - prof. R. Maciejewski). Report not received - Łodz Section (chairman - prof. H. Kosinski).
1) Ultrasonographic anatomy of the heart
2) Immunoreactivity of beta-endorphin in normal and pathologic skin
3) Growth and proportions of the head in children of Łodź district
4) Argirophile proteins of urinary bladder tumors - ultrastructural and light microscopic studies - Olsztyn Section (chairman - prof. B. Przybylska-Gornwicz).
1) Sources, transmitters, and function of nerves fibres supplying genital organs - Poznan Section (chairman - prof. S. Godynicki).
1) Scanning electron microscopy in developmental anatomy
2) Development of the nerve endings in human fetal external genitalia
3) The submandibular ganglion in human fetuses. - Szczecin Section (chairman - dr E. Tomasik).
1) Angiography of uterine tubes
2) Radiology in diagnostics - Warsaw Section (chairman - prof. P. Sysa).
1) Functional anatomy of knee
2) Ultrasound investigations of the skeletal system
3) Hybridization mRNA amyloid precursor in smooth muscles isolated from meningeal blood vessels in dogs
4) Morphometric study of rat's corpus luteum
5) Angiogenesis and hemopoiesis of pig's embryonic liver - Wroclaw Section (chairman - prof. M. Zabel). Report not received.


This three-part paper comprises: (i) a critique by Halvorson of Bell's (1973) paper 'Subject and Object'; (ii) a comment by Butterfield; (iii) a reply by Halvorson. An Appendix gives the passage from Bell that is the focus of Halvorson's critique. Part I: John Bell on Subject and Object; by H. Halvorson It's quite amazing that in the span of four short pages, John Bell can make the pioneers of quantum mechanics seem collectively like just so many addle-brains. I'm speaking here of Bell's article "Subject and Object". I cannot deny the rhetorical effectiveness of this article. In fact, I consider it a model for how one can — with the effective application of insinuation and rhetorical question — render a view seemingly unworthy of serious consideration. Nonetheless, I cannot hold Bell's paper up as a paradigm of philosophical inquiry, because he gives so little effort to understanding what others were saying. We can do better, and we must do better, if we're ever going to make progress with the foundations of quantum physics. Bell begins his article by claiming that: 1. Quantum mechanics is fundamentally about the results of "measurements". 2. The subject-object distinction is needed for quantum mechanics, but 3. "Exactly where or when to make it [i.e. the subject-object distinction] is not prescribed." (p 40) The paper was presented at a symposium in honour of Dirac in September 1972, published in The Physicist's Conception of Nature (ed. J. Mehra) in 1973, and reprinted in Bell's collection (1987; second edition 2004, with the same pagination). Compare the Appendix.


Testicular tubular function has traditionally been judged by morphological criteria. Very recently, we have demonstrated a biochemical marker of Sertoli cell function; the testicular androgen binding protein (ABP). ABP is synthesized in Sertoli cells as a response to FSH stimulation. It disappears completely following hypophysectomy, but reappears after FSH administration. Ho other pituitary hormones are active in stimulating ABP synthesis. ABP is transported with the testicular fluid into the caput epididymis, where it is partly taken up by the lining epithelial cells. We have proposed that ABP serves as an important store of androgenic hormones (mainly testosterone and dihydrotestosterone) that are necessary for initiation and maintenance of spermatogenesis.ABP was found to be present at low concentrations in testes of prepubertal rats, but increased rapidly during sexual maturation. Experimental cryptorchidism dramatically decreased the testicular and epididymal content of ABP demonstrating an impaired Sertoli cell function under these experimental conditions. The finding indicates that Sertoli cell damage may be an important factor in the overall impairment of spermatogenesis found in this condition.


The dynamic effects of Foreign Direct Investment in Portugal allowed for a structural shift in exports towards technologyintensive activities. However, since 2000, several factors, largely triggered by the global financial crisis, led to a drop in industrial output along with a reduction in FDI attraction. This paper assesses the efficacy of the Investment Promoting policies to stimulate innovation and promote the absorptive capacity at national level, by analysing the relationship between FDI inward flows and a set of innovation and absorptive capacity indicators. Results show that the gap between Portugal and the EU-28 average is far from being closed. Rather than being an automatic process triggered by foreign presence, we suggest that the convergence based on the productivity, can be assisted by a reinforcement of supply-side measures, and the coordination between the industrial policy and the instruments of the Investment Promotion Policy, in strategic industries.


While the so-called Islamic State (IS) has rushed to claim credit for terrorist attacks across the world, especially in Western countries, it has been rather cautious in claiming responsibility for those conducted in Turkey and Saudi Arabia. This variation in respect of claiming credit is largely influenced by the strategic goal pursued by IS towards a particular country or region. Language: en


The Guiding Principles on Shared Responsibility in International Law seek to address an issue hitherto unresolved in the law of international responsibility: if two or more states or organizations together cause a single harm to a victim, what are the consequences for suit and reparation? Commentators generally counsel against the use of domestic concepts such as 'solidary liability' or 'joint and several liability' in international law. This comment highlights the role of domestic analogies in the formulation of the Guiding Principles, focusing on two elements: the application of liability in solidum as the key consequence of multiple responsibility (Principle 10), and 'concerted action' (Principle 7) as a condition for multiple responsibility. Both of these concepts can be found in many domestic legal systems, but the Principles place differential weight on domestic analogies in the elaboration of Principles 10 and 7: Principle 10 draws useful analogies with the rationale behind liability in solidum in domestic law, while Principle 7 on concerted action does not rely on related domestic concepts. That is likely for good reason. However, responsibility based on concerted action is a novel basis for responsibility in international law, and therefore its justification is all the more important. The justification provided for Principle 7 is not fully convincing, and its scope of application is uncertain. I query whether the exploration of cognate concepts in domestic legal systems may have helped to justify the rationale for, or the scope of, responsibility based on concerted action.


Building societies, as we illustrated in the Preface, occupy an important position in the British financial system. There are at present over four hundred societies although this industry is highly concentrated, with the ten largest societies (with well developed branch networks) in 1978 accounting for 66 per cent of the total assets.


Conventional angiography is essential to assess intraluminal flow and define aneurysm neck and angio-architecture in treatment planning. However, when giant aneurysms are supplied by more than one parent artery, the precise relationship of the aneurysm to adjacent arterial structures might not be clearly demonstrated even with three-dimensional (3D) rotational angiography, because of the preferential flow to the giant aneurysmal sac (1). We present a case in which each rotational angiogram with 3D reconstruction of both parent arteries was fused with each other to guide the treatment strategy for a giant, partially calcified, lower basilar trunk aneurysm.


Few of the Germanic suffixes have recently been discussed so often as the suffix -ar-ja, the most widespread and extensively used suffix of the Germanic dialects. Grimm's theory that this suffix is identical with the suffix -ja plus an additional -r, which, in a modified form, was adopted by Kluge in the first edition of his Stammbildungslehre, has been given up and most scholars seem now to agree with Sütterlin-Möller's explanation, according to which -ar-ja was borrowed from the Latin ārius. This borrowing, as Orthoff suggests, must have been done at two different periods, because it would explain the twofold form -ari and -āri in O.H.G.


The paper studies the hardness of zirconium dioxide used in dentistry for the production of dental implants. The purpose of the study was to analyze the change of material microhardness after mechanical treatment and machining with subsequent firing. In total 30 zirconium dioxide samples were made, which were exposed to machining: diamond drill of high and low granularity, sandblasting and processing with zirconium dioxide disk. It was found that after machining without firing the hardness of material decreases by at least 26 %, and in some cases, even more in comparison with situations when regenerating firing is performed after processing. As a result of the study we came to a conclusion that additional processing of zirconium dioxide implants leads to heating of a material thus changing the structure of its surface, which can potentially cause changes of dental implants. If any clinical case requires additional processing it is preferable to use diamond grinding points with subsequent regenerating firing and sandblasting without additional firing.


A retaining mechanism for a multi-track slide assembly includes a stop actuating assembly provided on an intermediate slide track 2 and a resilient retainer assembly provided on an outer slide track 3. The stop actuating assembly comprises a stop-engaging member 5 and a resiliently actuating member 6. The resilient retainer assembly comprises a resilient stop member 8 and a limit member 9. When the slide assembly is extended, engaging lugs 52 of the stop engaging member pass through corresponding pressing guide edges 82 and subsequently engage with the stop portion of the guide edges preventing unintended return. Lugs 63 on the resiliently actuating member 6 are subsequently brought into cooperation with pressing guide edges 82 on the resilient stop member to effect a release to enable the assembly to be retracted.


The various aspects of traffic modeling are discussed, and considerations involved in the use of computer models to simulate and optimize traffic flow are described. Some currently available models are also described. Important considerations in selecting traffic models are pointed out. The respective uses of simulation and optimization models are noted. Application and level of detail, ducumentation and user support, data requirements, data coding, and credibility and utility of results are discussed. The most widsely used programs for signal timing optimization are listed. Software that allows the engineer to evaluate proposed operational improvements before implementation are also listed and discussed.


Today, many developers try to create a new scripting language to provide scripting features to their own application domain. We proposed The DeSugar parser that provides a flexible means of extending the user-defined syntax by scripting. The goal of the DeSugar parser is to make it easier for users to adopt the language syntax to their own application domain. This paper presents Konoha, which is fully integrated with the DeSugar parser, and which allows users to extend its own syntax through the DeSugar parser scripting interfaces.


This essay briefly reviews the state of knowledge about the government spending multiplier. Drawing on theoretical work, aggregate empirical estimates from the United States, as well as cross-locality estimates, I assess the likely range of multiplier values for the experiment most relevant to the stimulus package debate: a temporary, deficit-financed increase in government purchases. I conclude that the multiplier for this type of spending is probably between 0.8 and 1.5. ( JEL E23, E62, H50)


In my Development project I deal with things like immigrants, immigrants in Finland, integration and the rules and regulations of Haukivuori secondary school. When immigrants arrive to Finland and start school here they only have a little bit of knowledge about our rules and regulations. This lack of knowledge might cause problems and delay their settling in. My goal in my Development project was to create an easily understandable and useful guide for the immigrants in Haukivuori secondary school. I gathered together all the possible information I could think of being unknown to the immigrants. I also asked the immigrants and teachers in Haukivuori about the issues that often bother them or cause misunderstanding. Almost all the advice to immigrants that I have dealt with in my development project is practical and quite often is a part of a weekly routine in Haukivuori secondary school. I also put together some basic information about Finland which was considered important by the immigrants. I believe that integration is a long and difficult task to anybody and I truly hope that my Development project will give at least some help to the immigrants in Haukivuori secondary school.


Introduction: Vascular aging is associated with endothelial cell senescence, favoring low-grade inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and cardiovascular diseases. Cell senescence arises from a wide variety of endogenous and exogenous stressors including some anticancer agents such as doxorubicin. Recently, doxorubicin was linked to the innate immunity component NLRP3 inflammasome which is implicated in many vascular inflammatory disorders. There is a need for therapeutic tools to help cancer patients who have been exposed to cardiovascular toxic chemotherapy averting premature vascular complications. We investigated whether resolvin E1 (RvE1), an endogenous lipid mediator of the inflammation resolution phase, could prevent doxorubicin-induced senescence in cultured human umbilical veins endothelial cells (HUVEC) with focus on a potential involvement of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Materials and Methods: Cell senescence was quantified by senescence-associated-β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) staining. The expression of senescence markers (γH2AX, p21, p53) and inflammatory markers (pP65, NLRP3) was determined via Western blot. NLRP3 inflammasome activation was determined by visualizing the formation of ASC specks by indirect immunofluorescence. Results: Doxorubicin (25 nmol/L) augmented the number of SA-β-gal positive HUVEC and the levels of γH2AX, p21 and p53 which were all reduced by RvE1 (10 nmol/L). In doxorubicin-treated cells, RvE1 further reduced the expression of pP65 and NLRP3 proteins and the formation of ASC specks as did the inflammasome assembly inhibitor MCC950 (1µmol/L). Additionally, both MCC950 and interleukin-1 receptor inhibitor anakinra diminished SA-β-gal positive staining induced by doxorubicin. Conclusion: RvE1 offers a novel therapeutic approach against doxorubicin-induced cardiovascular toxicity and subsequent age-related vascular disorders by counteracting endothelial senescence through the modulation of NLRP3- inflammasome activation.


We investigated the vertical and spatial distribution of chemical elements (ChEs) in four cross-sections within a catena formed in typical southern taiga on Retiosols , underlying loess  loams and carbonate moraine deposits. Catena located in the Tver' region (Russia). In plants (70 samples, 19 species) and soils (31 samples), the total content of the ChEs was determined by mass spectrometry. In soil samples, we measured pH, grain size and levels of ChE mobile fractions (exchangeable (F1), bound to organic complexes (F2) and bound to Fe and Mn hydroxides (F3).

In the A-horizons the average total concentration of Fe is 1,2%, Ti – 0,33%; Mn – 482 mg‧kg-1, Zr–292, Sr–90, Zn–39, Cr–21, Pb–21, Ni–9, Cu–8. The concentration of metal F1 diminishes in order: Fe>Mn>Sr>Zn, Pb>Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Co, Zr. The concentrations of F2 and F3 show the following order: Fe>Mn>>Ti, Zr, Pb>Co>Ni, Cu, Zn>Cr, Sr and Fe>Mn>Ti>Zn, Sr, Pb>Cr>Cu, Ni, Co>Zr, respectively.

In all studied Retisols, vertical distribution of the total Pb and Zr, F1 of Co, Fe, Mn, Pb and Zn, F2 of Cu, Fe, Pb and Zn, F3 of Pb accumulate in topsoil. For the total Co, Fe, Ni, Sr and Zn, F1 of Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Pb, Zn and Zr, F2 of Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn and Zr and F3 of Co, Cr, Cu, Ti, Zn, Zr the loss from the albic horizons and/or the accumulation in the argic horizons were registered.

Spatial distribution of the total concentration of ChEs increases in the A-horizon in the upper part of the catena slope position. In the A-horizons at footslope and toeslope positions, the concentration of F1 Ni, Cu, Sr and Zr, F2 Ni, Cu and Zn increases, and the concentration F2 of Co, Cr, Pb, Ti and Zn, F2 of Cr, Ti and Co, F3 of Mn, Ni, Zn, Pb, Zr decreases.

Ratios calculated on the basis of the total and mobile element content were applied to evaluate biogenic migration of ChEs with different biophilicity in the "plant-soil" system. According to soil-to-plant transfer ratios, Mn, Zn and Cd are actively involved in biological accumulation. Participation in biological accumulation of Mn and Zn was noted in many works (Avessalomova, 2007; Isachenkova, Tarzayeva, 2006, Kadata-Pendias, Szteke, 2015)

Mn and Zn have important physiological significance in plants; they actively migrate in plant tissues. Cd is not a necessary ChEs for plants but is easily absorbed by the root system and leaves (Kabata-Pendias, 2011). Cationic elements (Cd and Zn) have high mobility in the soils (Jen-How Huang, 2011). Our results indicate that in the reference forest communities, tree species play the major role in the uptake and turnover of biophilic microelements (Mn, Zn, Co) while sphagnum moss and grassy covers mostly absorb the elements with low biophilicity (Fe, Ti, Cr, Zr, Pb). Metabolic pathways carry out the absorption of Fe and Cr (Kabata-Pendias, 2011).


Wind force affects on a ship manoeuvrability, especially when the superstructure is very large or the ship's speed is much lower than the wind velocity. It is indispensable for the safety analysis of the harbor manoeuvrablity to estimate the ship motion in wind.In this paper, the predicting techiniques are investigated confirming by the successfull free-sailing model tests. Then, the manoeuvrable upper limit of wind velocity is discussed under the unsteady condition when a frequent engine telegraph is used.Through the present study, the following conclusion are obtained.(1) The numerucal simulation based on the moduler type mathematical model can give a fairly good agreement with experimental results in wind.(2) Although a dynamic yaw damping force is included in the wind force of a superstructure, it does not so much affect on the manoeuvrablity in wind.(3) From the numerical simulations with accelerating and decerelating conditions in wind, it is found that the behaviour of ship almost depends on the main engine power against the wind. This suggests that the manoeuvrable upper limit of wind velocity should be described by the ratio of main engine power to wind velocity, not by the conventional ratio of ship speed to wind velocity.


Traders food in the current era have an accurate online system to assess their merchandise. It is through promotion that consumers or customers become aware of the current business opportunities in the culinary field and can develop quickly. By continuing to develop, design, simulate and implement online. The design and flow of this application will be based on a website built using the RAD method to reduce or reduce the time required to create or design and implement it in four stages. The results of this application will issue outputs and results in the form of collaboration, restaurant background, information such as food menus and prices, addresses and locations of restaurants connected to google maps, how to order or place reservations and food, detailed results of food orders and sales reports. With the creation of this food promotion and ordering information system, it can help restaurant owners in promoting food menus and prices along with seeing the time, and making it easier for customers to find restaurant locations and customers in advance can order places and food menus in advance


In the article the generated tendencies of development of a personal part-time farm of the Perm' Kray are described, problems are defined and necessity of control is justified by its sustainable development. As one of the most perspective models of development the cluster model - creation of country megacities or agrocities of new type is offered by the author. It will allow not only to solve problems of primary processing, storage and is sold agricultural production, but also to support population economy, small-scale business and to reduce an overpopulation of megacities.


ISSN: 1337-6853 (print version) | 1337-9569 (electronic version) dETERmINATION OF pERFLUOROOCTANE SULphONATE ANd pERFLUOROOCTANOATE IN BLOOd BY GAS ChROmATOGRAphY wITh ION TRAp mASS SpECTROmETRY Maršálek P., Kovářová J., Blahová J. Department of Veterinary Public Health and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Czech Republic, 612 42, Brno, Czech Republic


The purpose of this study is to monitor the data sent from the ship to the server. This system relies on the internet network to transmit data such as the coordinates of ship position, the direction vessel, the distance of obstacles in a front vessel, the speed vessel, and the length of ship trajectory to the server using the GSM Shield SIM900 module. This study will use four providers such as Telkomsel, XL Axiata, Indosat, and Tri. The benefit of this ship monitoring system research is that it can monitor supervision on ships and access via mobile phones. The result of this study is the system can respond well and send data on the coordinates, the direction, the distance of the obstacle in a front vessel, the speed, and the length of the vessel trajectory. Then the best signal strength is using a Simpati card provider with a signal strength of -65 dBm