In this set of communications, we share moments of our practice as mathematics teacher educators through the lens of praxis, which offers a way to focus attention on different aspects of our actions. Praxis is a term with old roots and with contemporary meaning. Aristotle distinguished praxis from technical action and abstract theoretical contemplation (Kemmis, 2010), its essence being morally committed, informed action (Kemmis & Smith, 2008). Aristotle's concerns include ethics and that action is best informed by theory developed from the practice of self-aware individuals. A second approach, following Marx's historical materialism, is to consider human collective action as social praxis (Kemmis, 2010). This sense of praxis informs Freire's understanding of the relationship between education and human freedom. Education, for Freire, gives the possibility of engagement in praxis that allows "human nature [to be] expressed through intentional, reflexive, meaningful activity situated within dynamic historical and cultural contexts that shape and set limits on that activity" (Glass, 2001, p. 16). We locate our accounts in the developing strand of teacher education self-study (see, for example, Loughran, 2002; Tzur, 2001). Our narratives arise from intersections between self-study research methodology and Mason's discipline of noticing, which he describes as "a collection of practices both for living in, and hence learning from, experience, and for informing future practice" (Mason, 2002, p. 29). We write as mathematics teacher educators, but with goals far beyond that of "preparing" and "training" new mathematics teachers; rather, we illustrate how we constantly shift and negotiate our own positionings as mathematics educators. One reading of these communications is as a response to Mason's (2009) call for the field of mathematics education to "build up a vocabulary for how we compare observations, turn them into data, and negotiate meaning amongst ourselves" (p. 11). We first met at a conference [1], where we shared that a common aspect of our practice as teacher educators was to make direct use in our courses of prospective teachers' reflections on their life in school, including their reflections about the complexity of the teaching and learning of mathematics and its social and political dimensions. Experiences from classrooms, colleagues and pupils in school, which can be confusing and troublesome to prospective teachers, form the basis for dialogue between each of us and our prospective teachers. The centrality of reflection on the complexities of learning mathematics and learning to teach mathematics is at the heart of our praxis. Common threads are respect and care for the personhood of prospective teachers, a willingness to challenge or create challenging experiences and a passion for inquiry. Woven between these threads is a concern, through our own praxis, for prospective students to cultivate their own praxis as teachers. As mathematics educators working in diverse cultural contexts our understandings and enactment of praxis—our praxes—are different. In this set of communications, we each offer a short account, a moment, that illustrates some dimension of our praxis. If praxis is a lens, it is a multifaceted one and each of our positions and narratives represents a different way to focus the lens, draws attention to different images and serves our different, though overlapping, visions for mathematics teacher education. Each account begins with the author providing a brief positioning that offers some element or aspect of what we each mean by praxis, followed by a short illustrative narrative and reflections on our learning. The communications exemplify different facets, or moments in a process, in/through praxis. The narratives of praxis presented in the communications are each premised on a belief that the learning experience of prospective teachers influences the learning experience of the students they teach or will teach. Inquiry, meaningful relationships with self, others and mathematics, as well as awareness, reflection and agency in mathematics classrooms can only be realised if they are also manifest in mathematics teacher education.


The article describes the main types of non-traditional renewable energy sources, the use of which the most important on the territory of Vladimir region.


The microcrystalline aggregates model of the adsorption of vat dyes on cellulosic materials is substantiated in this study. The relationships between affinities of some anthraquinone vat dye models and van der Waals molecular areas, hydrophobicity and planar-like structures are presented in the form of correlation equations.


A cool atmospheric pressure non-thermal capactively-coupled RF discharge is studied. It is created between two parallel electrodes – a powered one supplied by 13.56 MHz, and a grounded one. The feed gas argon flows via holes between the electrodes where it is ionized. The plasma torch is studied by means of a time dependent two-dimensional fluid model. A simplified kinetic scheme with four active species is considered, namely argon excited atoms (Ar*), atomic (Ar+) ions, molecular (Ar2+) ions and electrons (e). The plasma dynamics in the space between the electrodes as well as in the extended region behind the grounded electrode is studied. The effect of the gas flow on the plasma is examined. Constriction of the plasma is induced by the field sustaining the discharge due to the sieve-like structure of the electrodes. As a result of the stationary gas flow the filaments extend beyond the electrodes ensuring a flow of active species in the afterglow.


This paper examines ecosystem restoration practices that focus on water temperature reductions in the upper mainstem Willamette River, Oregon, for the benefit of endangered salmonids and other native cold‐water species. The analysis integrates hydrologic, natural science and economic models to determine the cost‐effectiveness of alternative water temperature reduction strategies. A temperature model is used to simulate the effects of combinations of upstream riparian shading and flow augmentations on downstream water temperatures. Costs associated with these strategies are estimated and consist of the opportunity costs of lost agricultural production and recreation opportunities due to flow releases from an up‐stream reservoir. Temperature reductions from another strategy, hyporheic flow enhancement, are also examined. Restoration strategies associated with enhanced hyporheic cooling consist of removal/reconnection of current obstacles to the creation of dynamic river channel complexity. The observed reduction of summer water temperatures associated with enhanced channel complexity indicates that restoring hyporheic flow processes is more likely to achieve cost‐effective temperature reductions and meet the total maximum daily load (TMDL) target than conventional approaches that rely on increased riparian shading or/and combinations of flow augmentation. Although the costs associated with the hyporheic flow enhancement approach are substantial, the effects of such a long‐term ecological improvement of the floodplain are expected to assist the recovery of salmonid populations and provide ancillary benefits to society. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


How does the acquisition of semantically complex expressions track the acquisition of their constituent meanings? We investigate this question using the English quantifiers both and either . These quantifiers, while morphologically simplex, are semantically complex, comprising of two pieces: ( i ) univer- sal/existential quantification and ( ii ) a size restriction on the quantificational domain to 2. Across two experiments, we compared the acquisition of these quantifiers with expressions mapping conceptual pieces that contribute to their make-up ( two, all, any ). Our results suggest that having all of the parts is not enough to put together the whole, a finding that could have implications for quantifier learning more broadly.


Machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence (AI), might have earlier primarily found industrial use, improving production chains, efficiency and the like but are now an integral part of priva ...


The fuel control system is designed,and the simulation and setting of the fuel control system by using MATLAB is conducted.The results show that the control system can meet the design requirements and can ensure the safe and stable work of the unit.


In traditional SMS4 algorithm,encryption decryption algorithm and expansion algorithm are based on 32 non-linear iteration structures.In this paper,a SMS4 encryption decryption algorithm based on pipelined architecture,in which 32 keys are only generated by iteration,is proposed.Implementation in FPGA,the speed of this kind of algorithm increases significantly at the expense of area.Compared these two methods,the speed of the algorithm based on pipelined architecture is faster than traditional one.


Recently much attention has been paid for interference mitigation technique for the COMA system, since more capacity is available with same bandwidth. In this paper, we introduces a novel adaptive interference suppression techniques for the CDMA system with narrow band interference. The proposed interference rejection scheme employs the adaptive linear prediction techniques in the subband. In each subband, we can more easily find and cancel the narrow band signal as compared to the full band. Thus, the proposed interference rejection can be classified as another time-frequency techniques for the narrow band interference rejection(10). Computer simulation is conducted for the 3-G COMA system with IF band sampling techniques, yielding better interference rejection and bit error rate performance as compared to conventional one. Also, optimum filter is analyzed and from the analysis, it can be shown the subband prediction techniques can suppress narrow band interference more efficiently.


Water and sediment toxicity identification and evaluation(TIE) is an important technique in the research field of environmental science.Caenorhabditis elegans is a model animal widely used in the studies of environmental evaluation and toxicology.In this review,we summarized the progresses of toxicity identification and evaluation in industrial effluents by coupling bioindicator of C.elegans with the TIE method,and analyzed the possible advantages and limitations of using C.elegans in the TIE assay.Moreover,the suggestions for further use of C.elegans in the TIE assay have been discussed.


The insufficient accumulated temperature of the plow layer during spring tillage in Northeast China severely restricts soybean root growth and whole-plant development. High regional soil viscosity further complicates tilling-sowing. In order to seek a solution to these problems, field comparative tests were conducted to investigate the effects of shallow-loosening (SL) and reshaping ridge (RR) on soil temperature and soybean root growth. Compared with conventional tillage (CT), SL and RR significantly increased the soil temperatures within 0-25 cm (p < 0.05) and 0-15 cm (p < 0.05), respectively. In particular, higher soil temperature within 15-25 cm was established after SL than after RR (p < 0.05). Additionally, SL promoted substantially more vigorous soybean development (seedling height) than RR (p < 0.05), which in turn led to a significant outperformance over CT (p < 0.05). Further, bionics, reverse engineering, and curve fitting were combined to design a hare claw toe bionic shallow-loosening shovel and a pangolin scale bionic ridging shovel with anti-drag functions. Field verification tests confirmed that these two bionic tillage devices outperformed the conventional tillage device in reducing tractive drag by 13%-19%. Based on the results of these tests, a 2BGD-6(110) bionic wide-ridge soybean tilling-sowing machine was designed, which was capable of shallow-loosening, reshaping ridge and sowing. The new machine significantly reduced the tractive drag, efficiently loosened the soil, increased soil temperature, and accelerated soybean root growth. This study can provide a theoretical and practical reference for soybean production in Northeast China.
Keywords: bionics, tillage, shallow-loosening, soybean, reshaping ridge, soil temperature
DOI: 10.25165/j.ijabe.20191201.4014

Citation: Jia H L, Guo M Z, Zhao J L, Huang D Y, Zhuang J, Qi J T. Design and test of bionic wide-ridge soybean tilling-sowing machine. Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 2019; 12(1): 42–51.


The impact of Hg and Atrazine stresses on seed germination of Alisma orientale Juzepcz was studied using water-culture experiment.The Hg could inhibit seed germination of Alisma orientale Juzepcz,no seed germination was observed under the Hg solution in this experiment,the reason needs to be studied in the near future.Atrazine along concentration gradient could stimulate seed germination except the low concentration.The seed germination increases with the increasing atrazine content.When the atrazine concentration reaches 50mg/L,the seed germination reaches its peak.Although high atrazine could stimulate the seed germination,the growing rate is similar to control treatment.There is one mutant showing rapid growth in high atrazine concentrations,which needs to be investigated later.


Four experiments were undertaken to validate the Test of Memory Malingering (TOMM). In the first 3 experiments, the TOMM was administered to 475 community-dwelling individuals and 161 neurologically impaired patients (traumatic brain injury, aphasia, cognitive impairment, and dementia). Both clinica


The high concentration of trivalent lanthanum ions doping upconversion (UC) luminescent materials will cause a concentration quenching phenomenon, resulting in low luminous efficiency. In this work, The addition of Ho3+ ions to NaLuF<inf>4</inf>:20% Er3+ crystals can effectively enhance the UC emission. Especially the red light is significantly enhanced. The optical temperature dependence of Er3+ ions is investigated based on fluorescence intensity ratios (FIR) from non-thermally coupled levels (NTCLs) 4 S<inf>3/2</inf>, 4 F<inf>9/2</inf> and 4 S<inf>3/2</inf>, 4 I<inf>9/2</inf>. The sensitivity (S) of NaLuF<inf>4</inf>:Er3+/Ho3+ based materials reached 0. $624-1.556\mathrm{K}^{-1}$ in the 293 - 570 K temperature interval. The results show that the NaLuF<inf>4</inf>:Er3+/Ho3+ material can be used in high-precision optical thermometers.


SUMMARY A computer system for real-time analysis of hemodynamic data from thecardiac catheterization laboratory has been developed. The system utilizes a smalldigital computer and is compatible with the analog recording equipment generallyused in a catheterization laboratory. Calculated results are transmitted to the laboratorybyclosed circuit TV and are available to the operator instantaneously during the course of the procedure. A permanent hard-copy report is prepared on a teletypewriter at the termination of the catheterization procedure. Comparisons of pressures and valuegradients calculated by the computer and physician demonstrate excellent agreement. By utilizing a small computer and programs generally applicable in any cardiac catheterization laboratory, this system can be exported without costly modifi-cationsinto many laboratories. Additional personnel are not required for implementation.Additional Indexing Words:Cardiac catheterization Computer programs Valve gradients Ventricular pressures


Localization is a critical problem in the research of intelligent vehicles. Although it can be achieved by using a real-time kinematic global positioning system (RTK-GPS, or fused with other methods such as dead reckoning), it may be unfeasible if every vehicle has to be equipped with such an expensive sensor. This paper proposes a ground-texture-based map-matching approach to address the localization problem. To reduce the effect of complicated illumination in outdoor environments, a camera is fixed downward at the bottom of a vehicle, and controllable lights are also equipped around the camera for consistent illumination. The proposed approach includes two steps: 1) mapping and 2) localization. RTK-GPS is only used in the mapping, and other sensor data from camera and odometry are captured with time stamps to create a global ground texture map. A multiple-view registration-based optimization algorithm is applied to improve map accuracy. In the localization step, vehicle pose is estimated by matching the current camera frame with the best submap frame and by fusion strategy. Results with both synthetic and real experiments prove the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed approach.


Resistive switching devices based on oxides have outstanding properties, making them a promising candidate to replace today's transistor‐based computer memories as non‐volatile valence change memories, and can even find future application in neuromorphic computing. To date, the scientific discussion is so far mainly restricted to oxygen vacancy contributions disregarding the role of protonic defects on resistive switching. In this work, the effect of moisture and protonic contributions on resistive switching by changes in the surface to bulk ratio and oxide surface exposure of the oxide SrTiO3 is studied. Here, a linear to exponential SET current density dependency, when changing the film thickness by a factor of four, is found, whereby the surface‐to‐bulk ratio of the oxide is significantly changed. This behavior is discussed in terms of differences in total concentration of oxygen vacancies and their interplay with moisture. For classic memristor applications, this study demonstrates that protonic defects need to be accounted for memristor characteristics, as they crucially influence the switching characteristics, and give new opportunities as an additional handle to actively tune the switching performance. This memristive dependency on protonic defects opens a whole plethora of new modulatable sensor characteristics like creating humidity sensors using the property of memristance.


Since the late nineteenth century, 'space' has become a central concept in architectural thinking. At first, it was mainly German architects and art historians who dealt with the concept of space, in both a theoretical and analytical sense.1 Not only the space contained in or by a building became a topic for study, but also the space between buildings: urban space. In a period characterised by a sharp polarisation of public and private, urban space was seen very much as the place of the public. The architectural shaping of this space increasingly attracted the attention and interest of architects. Around the turn of the century a realisation grew once more that architecture was the pre-eminent public art. The main thing was not the design of the individual building as a singular aesthetic object, but precisely the representation of the public by means of an architectural articulation of urban space. An important point of reference was the civic architecture of the Baroque, which was rediscovered in the late nineteenth century and studied extensively. This not only yielded an architectural model for a metropolitan architecture, but also made it clear that this sort of architecture could not exist without institutional foundations.


Background Many studies have reported an increase in the prevalence of asthma and related atopic disorders. The lack of standardized methodologies and 'objective' measurements make reliable comparison and monitoring of trends of asthma very difficult.


OF THE DISSERTATION Four Generated Rank 2 Arithmetically Cohen-Macaulay Vector Bundles on General Sextic Surfaces by Wei Deng Doctor of Philosophy in Mathematics Washington University in St. Louis, 2013 Professor N. Mohan Kumar, Chair In this dissertation, we compute the dimension of the moduli space, of four generated indecomposable rank 2 arithmetically Cohen-Macaulay (ACM for short) bundles on a general sextic surface. In Chapter One we introduce preliminaries and prove on a general sextic surface, every four generated indecomposable rank 2 ACM bundle belongs to one of fourteen cases. In Chapter Two we prove for each of the fourteen cases, there exists an indecomposable rank 2 ACM bundle of that case on a general sextic surface. In Chapter Three we compute for each case, the dimension of the moduli space of four generated indecomposable rank 2 ACM bundles of that case on a general sextic surface. We do the same analysis on four generated indecomposable rank 2 ACM bundles on a general quartic surface in Chapter Four. v Chapter 1 Background 1.


Drought characterization and forecasting are extremely important in the planning and management of water resources systems, since droughts cause significant damage both in the natural environment and human society. In a transboundary region, especially, sustainable water use and water rights are major issues among communities and countries during droughts. For instance, the drought of the 1990s in the Conchos River Basin in Mexico resulted in the severe reduction of its inflows into the Bravo/Grande River. Because the Conchos River supplies approximately 70-80% of the flow of the Lower Bravo/Grande River, droughts in the Conchos River Basin affect many communities in the Lower Bravo/Grande River Basin, and become a controversial issue between the United States and Mexico. This research focuses on the application of nonparametric methods to characterize and forecast droughts using a drought index like the Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI). Nonparametric methods allow more flexible approaches to hydrologic problems in practice by approximating a function of interest. Based on a nonparametric probability density function estimator, comprehensive approaches for the evaluation of drought characteristics at a site and over a region are proposed in this study. Using a kernel density estimator, a nonparametric methodology is proposed for the synthetic generation of hydrologic time series. Based on the synthetic data, a nonparametric approach is introduced for estimating the bivariate characteristics of drought. A kernel density estimator is useful in the estimation of the probability density


Background
Plenty of oil spills cause an increasing demand for the oil sorption materials. Kapok fiber, as a kind of natural fiber, shows promising potential as oil absorbents as it is available abundantly and exhibits high absorption capacity. The superhydrophobicity kapok fiber based on graphene modified with 1H,1H,2H,2H - perfluorodecyltriclorosilane (FTS) was prepared.

Results
FTS modified graphene coated kapok fiber (FGRKF) were characterized by contact angle, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectra, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning and electron microscopy. After modification, the contact angle of water on kapok fiber rose from 114.7° to 150.6°. The oil sorption capacities of kapok fiber for diesel, soybean oil and lubricating oil were 27.55, 38.28 and 43.57 g/g. While, the oil sorption capacities of FGRKF for diesel, soybean oil and lubricating oil could reach 50.74, 61.08 and 68.26 g/g, respectively.

Conclusion
The superhydrophobic/superoleophilic FGRKF is a kind of efficient oil sorption material, which can be used as a desirable material for the cleanup of oil spills. This work also provided a simple method for fabrication of superhydrophobic oil absorption material.


The end-wall boundary-layer theory of Mellor and Wood has been reformulated in streamline coordinates and extended to include predictions for complete velocity profiles in the end-wall regions. Application to a model compressor shows that all parameters vary in the sense expected from known experimental data. These parameters include variable shape factors, skin friction coefficient, and wall skewing angles. The analysis developed has been coupled to a mainstream flow calculations program based on finite elements. Application to axial flow compressors permits the prediction of the complete velocity triangles, including the wall regions and the end-wall losses. Comparisons with experimental results are presented.Copyright © 1976 by ASME


OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this open-label study was to investigate the effect of a curcumin-phospholipid lecithin formulation (Meriva®) on visual acuity and optical coherence tomography (OCT) retinal thickness in patients with chronic diabetic macular edema.

PATIENTS AND METHODS
Curcumin-phospholipid lecithin formulation (Meriva®, Indena S.p.A, Milan, Italy) was administered as tablets (Norflo®, Eye Pharma, Genoa, Italy) twice a day. Visual acuity and macular edema as measured by OCT before and after curcumin-phospholipid formulation treatment were assessed.

RESULTS
The study included 12 eyes from 11 patients who completed at least a 3-month follow-up period. After 3 months of therapy, no eyes showed reduction in visual acuity, 16% showed stabilization, and 84% showed improvement. The improvement was statistically significant (p = 0.0072). After 3 months of therapy, 92% of eyes showed reduction of macula edema, 8% showed stabilization, and 0% showed an increase (p = 0.009).

CONCLUSIONS
Our results, albeit preliminary, suggest that a curcumin-phospholipid formulation (Meriva®), administered as Norflo® tablets, may be feasible in the improvement of visual acuity and reduction of macular edema in patients with diabetic retinopathy.


The computer animation is a highly application-oriented course.Its technical solutions update quickly and its theory is abstract.We presented four actual cases from some advanced academic papers to make computer animation course more specifiable and more popular.These cases include implicit skinning,fast lattice shape matching,eulerian video magnification and multi-threaded 3D cloud simulation.


The presence of heterotopic adrenal cortical tissue within the fetal ovary is recorded. The embryologic basis for this observation and its possible significance are discussed.


Abstract In Part 2 of our application of the Navy coastal ocean model (NCOM) to the Atchafalaya Bay system, we examine the wind- and tide-forced three-dimensional baroclinic circulation of the Lower Atchafalaya and Wax Lake Outlet river plumes. The salinity and the current velocity are examined during a time period when three cold fronts passed over the region. The baroclinic circulation of NCOM was validated for the same time period in Part 1 of this study (Cobb, Keen, and Walker, 2008. Modeling the circulation of the Atchafalaya Bay region, 1: Model description and validation. Journal of Coastal Research, this issue). We find that the westward transport of plume water and the offshore cold-front–induced circulation are determined to a large extent by the alongshore and cross-shore bathymetric structure. Wind-driven plume water moves parallel to the alongshore bathymetric contours unless forced to mix with higher salinity water by strong cross-shore directed winds. The mixing of plume water with offshore water occurs over bathymetric shoals during periods of strong post-frontal winds. This mixing process involves the offshore transport of plume water over the entire water column in addition to the strong surface transport. The model results for offshore circulation are in qualitative agreement with past observations. In addition, the hydrodynamic processes that control the salinity fronts in Vermilion and West Cote Blanche Bays, areas where the model salinity was validated in Part 1, are examined as well.


WE must admire Mr. Ehret's courage in undertaking to write the history of the Southern Nilotic peoples purely on evidence provided by their languages. From lexical material collected from some informants and also to a large extent from published works by Huntingford and others, Ehret concludes that there was early contact and borrowing among the Nilotic peoples as well as between any one of these peoples and the 'neighbouring' groups, viz. the Bantu and the Cushites. That the Nilotic languages and their speakers are historically related is taken for granted, on the basis of the works of Greenberg and Oswin Kohler. But are they ? For anyone educated in the schools of Indo-European and Semitic comparative studies, Greenberg's conclusions are unproven. Yet Mr. Ehret writes with confidence about Proto-Nilotic and Pre-Southern Nilotic, although no one has as yet been able to reconstruct a single Nilotic sound law. It is particularly confusing that the term Nilotic, which had been established for the (now so-called) 'Western' Nilotic languages, has been stretched to include also the Nilo-Hamitic languages, although no satisfactory evidence for their relationship has been shown. The proper procedure is first to reconstruct a proto(Western) Nilotic lexicon, which the present reviewer is doing; then compare these starred forms systematically with a previously reconstructed Nilo-Hamitic lexicon. But even the internal relationship of the Nilo-Hamitic languages remains to be placed on a solid basis. It is obvious that the times are not ripe for historical conclusions based on a relationship that is itself unsubstantiated. Some illustrations: 'Proto-Southern Nilotic' mbori 'goat' and inqoq 'chicken' are clearly Bantu loans (p. 97); conversely, the list of 'Eastern Cushitic Loanwords in Southern Nilotic' (pp. n o et seq.) indicates persuasively that Southern Nilotic (i.e. Nilo-Hamitic) is related to Eastern Cushitic, and here Ehret (against his intention) is more convincing than Hohenberger (see Africa, vol. xxvi, no. 3, 1956, p. 284; Semitisches und Hamitisches Sprachgut im Masai, Sachsenmuhle, 1958).


Based on the PM2.5 mass concentration data of each city in Shandong province, this paper not only studied the average field, annual average, seasonal average, daily average and hourly concentration data of PM2.5 in Shandong province, but also studied the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of concentration of PM2.5 in Shandong province in 2014-2018. The results show that in the spatial dimension, PM2.5 generally shows a trend of increasing from coastal to inland, and due to the influence of topography, economy, humanities and other factors. The distribution of concentration shows the characteristics of low concentration in developed areas as well as in high altitude areas. In the time dimension, since 2014, PM2.5 concentration has shown a steady decline year by year, and in the seasonal variation, it showed a regulation of low in summer and high in winter. The daily variation of PM2.5 concentration in the inland areas is double-peak, while the daily changes in coastal areas are more smooth and lower in concentration.


Underwater images are often degraded due to backscatter, light attenuation and light artifacts. One important aspect of it is marine snow, which are particles of varying shape and size. Computer vision technologies can be strongly affected by them and may therefore provide incorrect and biased results. In robotic applications, there is limited computational power for online processing. A method for real time marine snow detection is proposed in this paper based on a multi-step process of spatial-temporal data. The RGB colored images are converted to the YCbCr color space before they are decomposed to isolate the high frequency information using a guided filter for a first selection of candidates. Convolution with an uniform kernel is then applied for further analysis of the candidates. The method is demonstrated in two use cases, underwater feature detection and image enhancement.


In the process of building a socialist harmonious society,some concepts such as "democracy and law","liberty and equality","fairness and justice" should be understood in legal ideology.But it must be made clear that adherence to regarding legal view of Marxism as guidance is the preliminary requirement to build a socialist harmonious society.The subjective construction of legal ideology is of great importance to building a socialist harmonious society,while in practice great attention will be paid to its constructing targets and methods.


We introduce a random lattice corresponding to ordinary Feynman diagrams, with 1/p2 propagators instead of the Gaussians used in the usual strings. The continuum limit defines a new type of string action with two world sheet metrics, one Minkowskian and one Euclidean. The propagators correspond to curved lightlike paths with respect to the Minkowskian world sheet metric. Space–time dimensionality of four is implied not only as the usual critical dimension of renormalizable quantum field theory, but also from T-duality.


The use of drugs to improve mental processes, such as memory, concentration and alertness, has been expanding through the Internet. The so-called smart drugs and nootropic drugs are used with the expectation that better performance can be achieved in professional and academic tasks. The aim of this article was to analyze the diffusion of cognitive enhancement drugs' use from Brazilian media publications. The methodology adopted was the qualitative documentary research, based on scientific dissemination materials that include reports published between 2009 and 2017, in nationally recognized media outlets. In the propagation of knowledge and practices related to the optimization EO R IA E C U TU R A 61 Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Sociais UFJF v. 15 n. 2 Julho. 2020 ISSN 2318-101x (on-line) ISSN 1809-5968 (print) 3 Constituem o uso de medicamentos para uma indicação não aprovada, um grupo etário não aprovado, uma dose não aprovada ou uma forma de administração não aprovada, de acordo com o registro sob o qual um fármaco é licenciado no órgão sanitário competente (FREITAS; AMARANTE, 2015). of cognitive performance through substance use, the Internet constitutes a potential media technology as a mean for the dissemination and socialization of such substances. The construction of knowledge, notions and social representations related to the theme addressed challenges the hegemonic control instances of health care. In the wake of the pharmacologization processes of society, the public treatment of the subject makes it possible to draw an analogy with the "drug issue" made illicit in contemporary times.


Plain and twill weave fabrics produced with unique 67/33 cotton covered, high tenacity polyester staple-core yams in the warp and filling directions were appropriately finished without difficulty. The greige fabrics were desized, heat set, bleached, union dyed, and treated with different levels of dimethyloldihydroxyethyleneurea (DMDHEU) resin finish to assess the effect on important properties, including durable press rating, wrinkle recovery angle, dimensional stability, Stoll flex abrasion resistance, pilling resistance, breaking strength, and tearing strength. The test results show that the staple-core-yam fabrics attain satisfactory durable press and dimensional stability after an ordinary process of heat setting at 190°C for 65 seconds. DMDHEU resin slightly improves the durable press rating and wrinkle recovery angles, but more resin does not necessarily improve the properties proportionally; resin as low as 1% in solution gives acceptable DP results and improves pilling resistance. The DMDHEU resin finish diminishes flex abrasion resistance, breaking strength, and tearing strength, but the deterioration is much less than with similar 100% cotton fabrics. The breaking and tearing strengths remain especially high.


As an important component in building a harmonious socialist society,a harmonious culture is of essential value function.It provides preconditions and guarantee and spiritual base for a all-round,coordinative and sustainable social development.Therefore,building a harmonious culture is the essential requirement of a harmonious society,and also an important strategic task for the nation.


As 1963 opened, attention in India remained largely focused on peril from the north. Efforts continued on several levels to fathom both the ultimate intentions and the probable next moves of Communist China. Popular anger over the debacle in the North-East Frontier area was by no means assuaged, but an investigation into the causes of unpreparedness in this area had been promised, and the Government had received pledges of support from all sides. The mood of the country, although not without a tinge of anxiety, appeared to be one of readiness to accept whatever might befall in the task of ejecting Chinese intruders from Indian soil. The Chinese, on the other hand, were attempting to capitalize on both their recent successes and sudden withdrawal, and pressure India into negotiations under terms which might have appeared on the surface to be generous, but which in actuality imposed conditions which would have left India open to renewed Chinese attack at will.' An impasse with respect to negotiations had been reached, with the rejection by India of the Chinese proposals and by China of Nehru's counter proposal that first the latest Chinese aggression be vacated and the status quo ante 8 September 1962 be restored. During January, the six non-aligned nations2 sponsoring what have come to be known as the Colombo Conference proposals intensified their efforts to bring India and China to the conference table. These efforts were unsuccessful, and the Colombo Conference proposals appear unlikely ever to serve their announced purpose. They have nevertheless performed a role in Sino-Indian relations which is not yet played out, and therefore deserve some attention here. These new proposals, initially kept secret, had been purposely phrased in vague terms, in the hope that eventually mutually acceptable definitions could be found. Basic principles had been taken from both the Chinese and Indian positions. From the former was taken Chinese withdrawal and the creation of a demilitarized zone, and from the latter the principle that there should be no fresh gains from aggression. When the proposals were brought to New Delhi from Peking by the Ceylonese delegation there was some confusion as to whether or not the Chinese had accepted them. Prime Minister Sirimavo Bandaranaike reported that they had been accepted "in principle," but her nephew, Felix Bandaranaike, was of the opinion that the proposals were unacceptable to the Chinese Government.


As the theoretical basis of comprehensive strictly administering the party, the party's foundation theory inherits and develops the party's theory. It contains rich ideological content: first it is Chinese traditional culture and Marxist theory supporting; second it is charismatic and cohesiveness of party organizations at the grass-roots level to the mass and party member cadre played a vanguard and exemplary role;third it is all the Chinese people's psychological identity and action support. So we should strengthen the base from three aspects such as perfecting socialist political culture, improving the party's social mobilization ability and winning broad psychological identity.


Neuronostatin is a recently described peptide hormone that is derived from the somatostatin preprohormone. We previously have shown that neuronostatin administered into the lateral cerebroventricle of adult, male rats led to a significant increase in mean arterial pressure (MAP). We sought to determine if this effect of neuronostatin was physiologically relevant; however, any attempt to disrupt the production of neuronosatin would compromise somatostatin as well. We therefore decided to assess instead the effect of loss of the neuronostatin receptor on cardiovascular function. To identify the receptor, we first screened four neuronostatin‐responsive cell types for the expression of orphan GPCRs, and found that GPR107 was present in all cell types tested. We next knocked down the expression of GPR107 in vitro using siRNA, and found that loss of GPR107 abolished neuronostatin‐induced cFos expression. Loss of endogenous GPR107 in male rats ablated the elevation in MAP caused by neuronostatin treatment, and blunted the cardiovascular responses of animals in a baroreceptor sensitivity test. These data suggest that GPR107 is a cognate receptor for neuronostatin, and that this hormone and its receptor are physiologically relevant regulators of cardiovascular function. Supported by NIH#HL66023.


High-cycle fatigue of metals involves microplasticity: under low cycling remote stresses, plastic slip occurs in a few grains at the surface of the specimen. It may localize to form persistent slip bmds (PSBs) in the well-oriented grains, and cracks eventually nucleate. Our goal is to compare plasticity and crack nucleation for PSBs at the free surface and in the bulk. Cyclic plastic slips in volume PSBs can be evaluated analytically using Eshelby's localization solution for a PSB embedded in an infinite elastic matrix. Plastic slips in surface PSBs have to be estimated using finite element computations. In practical applications, the surface plastic slips are obtained by first computing analytically the result in a bulk PSB, and then multiplying by the corresponding factor, which is independent on the aspect ratio of the PSB. The surface plastic slips are about twice the bulk ones in our model. An application to crack nucleation along PSBs is described, using an energy criteria. The influence of different surface effects like enhanced mesoplasticity or environmental effects can be dicussed in comparison with classical experiments of fatigue using repeated surface removal.


This study analyzes the approach of macro factors and micro factors that consumers consider on housing purchase decisions, research on this issue is how the influence of the macro approach and micro approaches to housing purchases. The research sample of 100 respondents. Data analysis uses multiple linear regression. The results showed that the macro factor approach and the micro factor approach had a significant effect on housing purchase considerations


'Russet Burbank' potatoes were planted on Apr 20 in Ritzville silt loam soil pH 6.2, organic matter 1.6%, at Yakima, WA. An established infestation of Colorado potato beetle (CPB) was present at the time of insecticide application. HAG 107 and MK 936, a streptomycete-derived insecticide, were applied with a 2-row 4-flat fan nozzle, portable boom CO2powered sprayer at 50 psi in 50 gal of water per acre on Jul 21. Each plot was 2 rows (34 inch) wide and 25 ft long. Each treatment was replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. The potato crop was sprinkler irrigated with 0.75 acre inch applied on Aug 4 and again on Aug 9 (13 and 19 days post treatment). The number of dead and live CPB per sq m of soil surface per plot were counted on Jul 22 (1 day post treatment). The number of CPB adults and larvae on the plants of 2 m of row were counted on Jul 22 and Jul 27 (1 and 6 days post treatment). The percent of plant defoliation per plot was recorded on Jul 21, 27 and Aug 11 or 0, 6 and 21 days post treatment.


Recently, folksonomy-based image-sharing sites where users cooperatively make and utilize tags of image annotation have been gaining popularity. Typically, these sites retrieve images for a user request using simple text-based matching and display retrieved images in the form of photo stream. However, these tags are personal and subjective and images are not categorized, which results in poor retrieval accuracy and low user satisfaction. In this paper, we propose a categorization scheme for folksonomy images which can improve the retrieval accuracy in the tag-based image retrieval systems. Consequently, images are classified by the semantic similarity using text-information and image-information generated on the folksonomy. To evaluate the performance of our proposed scheme, we collect folksonomy images and categorize them using text features and image features. And then, we compare its retrieval accuracy with that of existing systems.


We investigate the effectiveness of a porous box in attenuating the structural response of a very large floating structure (VLFS). Assuming the water depth to be finite and small amplitude water wave theory, the physical problem is formulated by employing Darcy's law for flow past a porous structure. The boundary value problem is reduced to a system of linear algebraic equations with the aid of matched eigenfunction expansion method. Further, these simultaneous equations are solved numerically to compute physical quantities. The mathematical model is validated through a comparison with the theoretical results available in the literature. The elastic plate deflection, forces acting on the box and free surface elevation are computed. The efficiency of the given system in transmitting, reflecting and dissipating the incident wave energy is analysed through various graphs. The study reveals that the width and height of the porous box are critical towards the trapping of incident waves inside the box and dissipating the maximum amount of incident wave energy in reduction of wave transmission in the lee side of the structure and thereby attenuating the structural response of the VLFS.


Globally, women are increasingly entering into entrepreneurship for a variety of reasons. According to the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) survey (Elam et al., 2019) women in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) recorded the highest entrepreneurial activity in the year 2018. Women's entrepreneurship, particularly in these regions, is often believed to contribute to poverty alleviation by creating economic opportunities for the enterprising women and through helping as well as creating employment opportunities to others (De Vita, Mari, & Poggesi, 2014). Studies also report that women's entrepreneurship contributes to a country's economic development (Minniti & Naudé, 2010) as well as the entrepreneur's family's wellbeing as the women will invest in their children's health, food and education through their enhanced economic freedom (Duflo, 2012). Existing studies on women entrepreneurship report that women who engage in entrepreneurship in SSA are mostly necessity-based entrepreneurs (Amorós & Bosma, 2014) operating in the informal sector (De Vita et al., 2014) for survival. However, recent studies show that women entrepreneurs go into business for numerous different reasons other than for survival such as a need for autonomy, learning opportunities, achievement, independency, and to fulfill dreams beyond economic growth (Hailemariam & Kroon, 2018; Jennings & Brush, 2013; Katongole , Ahebwa, & Kawere, 2013; Mitchell, 2004). This variation in reasons beyond economic goals makes it difficult to identify a distinct criterion for measuring their business success. More importantly, the diversity in the goals and drives of women entrepreneurs indicates that there is no such thing as 'the female entrepreneur'. Women entrepreneurs may be operating at different levels (micro, small, medium, or large), may have different demographic characteristics, may differ in the reasons that sparked their choice to enter entrepreneurship and may be motivated by different needs and aspirations (Vossenberg, 2016). This sheer diversity translates in a diversity in individual value creation of women entrepreneurs. Policy makers and research on women entrepreneurs could therefore benefit from a better understanding of individual value creation. Recent studies engaging in the value creation perspective that transcend the often-reported economic measures, identified the benefits of this perspective to understand entrepreneurial activity in general and female entrepreneurship in particular (Al-Dajani & Marlow, 2013; Gries & Naundé, 2011). A number of studies on


rigoberta menchu defending human rights in guatemala is available in our digital library an online access to it is set as public so you can get it instantly. Our book servers spans in multiple locations, allowing you to get the most less latency time to download any of our books like this one. Kindly say, the rigoberta menchu defending human rights in guatemala is universally compatible with any devices to read.


Digital media appeared with the development of digital technology and modern communication technologies.The emergence of digital media brought new ways and means to the transmission of information and gave people a whole new information experience.Meanwhile,the design and dissemination of information based on the new digital media has also developed into an exciting and challenging design with new features that are different from the traditional media design.In this paper,some of the new features of ditigal media and the initial understanding about the information design and communication based on the new digital media are discussed.


The present invention provides search suggestions service, comprising confirm the impression keyword using the steps and the keyword scores to estimate the keyword scores on the steps of selecting a business keyword elements weighted to reflect the association also with the business Keywords there is provided a method. Queries, associate, Auto, Business keywords, impressions,


The Biblical character Enoch is a central figure in early Jewish mystical literature, where his story is redolent with themes related to the concepts of transformation and communion with the Divine. This rich and mythic wisdom significantly influenced American Royal Arch Freemasonry, and through it, early Mormonism. This paper explores the shared aspects of these traditions: where they overlap, and specifically, where Mormonism may rely upon Freemasonry. The Enoch pseudepigrapha and their Masonic and Mormon iterations are presented as a series of related mystical traditions. Linked by common themes of theophany, grand assembly, and heavenly ascent, they are utilized in similar, yet innovative ways to impart spiritual truth to their followers.


The influences of screen ruling on printing quality in lithographic printing process based on CTP workflow were investigated by experimental method.Firstly,the test form was output with the screen rulings of 1751pi and 2201pi respectively;then the imaging results of the plates and the prints were compared,and the causes of the differences were analyzed and discussed;at last,corresponding measurements for tone reproduction and process optimization were put forward.Results showed that there were both advantages and disadvantages to increase screen rulings,and the combination of CTP process and finer-than-normal screen rulings would effectively improve the printing quality.


System (100) of processing information comprising: - a device (102) hand to provide an interface (118) user; - a wireless modem (104) for coupling the handheld device to a network (106) data; - a server (108; 126) to communicate with the handheld device through the modem via the data network; and - a subsystem (114) coupled to electronic consumption controllable server; in which: - the handheld device has means to function as a remote control unit for the subsystem (114) consumer electronics via the data network and the server; - the system comprises a chamber (128) to capture an image; - the camera is coupled to the server; - the handheld device has further means for receiving the image under user control from the server via the data network and the wireless modem and to display the image on the user interface of the handheld device.


PURPOSE
To standardize the teaching process of interns in dental technology so as to make the learning progress and process goals more clearly and improve the teaching quality.

METHODS
Thirty-two junior interns were selected from medical colleges and universities from 2014 to 2017, based on same learning ability, learning attitude, learning achievement and hands-on ability ,they were randomly divided into 2 groups. The experimental group adopted the goal teaching method, using relevant teaching materials, applying theory to practice closely, and trying to standardize practice. The control group entered the production lines directly without teaching materials, the students were all owed only to see, think and manipulate. The data were analyzed with SPSS 18.0 software package.

RESULTS
The exam scores of the students in the experimental group were significantly higher than that of the students in the control group. Moreover, the satisfaction with the teaching methods of the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONS
The target teaching method is effective in teaching dental technology. Students clearly understand the study progress, process goals and their operational performance is significantly improved.


Upon signing the General Act at the close of the United Nations Conference on Freedom of Information, held at Geneva in March and April, 1948, General Carlos P. Romulo, its President, declared that some day that document might be regarded as the Magna Carta of freedom of thought and expression.1 While this view may be somewhat over-optimistic, undoubtedly the Conference showed a balance-sheet of substantial accomplishment. Opening in an atmosphere of deep pessimism contrasting with the brighter ambiance of 1946 when the idea of a conference was launched, the Conference closed with what may be called a victory of limited objectives.


Analysis of stationary medical help revealed a great number of patient's transfers from one department to another and to other medical organizations while specifying the diagnose. With the goal to present more efficient differential diagnostics there is suggested expansion of cots with period of stay on them within 1-2 days. Cost of aid, provided on these cots, should include the cost of diagnostic researchs and salary of medical personnel in accordance with normatives of tariff agreement.


Clustering of high-dimensional document datasets is one of the paramount challenges in text mining. Traditional cluster algorithms have undergone many conceptual and algorithmic changes recently, as well as several concepts such as ambiguous theory, ballet intelligence, genetic algorithm and oncology to enhance performance. In this paper, propose an automated efficient document clustering method using a hybrid fitness-distance balance (FDB) based coyote optimization and capuchin search-based neural network classifier (AEDC). The proposed method process consists of three tires. First, introduce a modified ant lion optimization (MALO) algorithm for data pre-processing which removes the unwanted artifacts and redundant content from the documents. Collect 'n' number of features from the pre-processed documents but all features are not required for the clustering. Second, illustrate the FDB-based coyote optimization (FDB-CO) algorithm for optimal feature selection which computes the best and optimal features among multiple features in the document. Then, offer a capuchin search-based neural network (CSNN) for optimal document clustering which improves the performance of clustering. Finally, the proposed method evaluates using two datasets, namely the Reuter database, 20 Newsgroups database and own dataset. The performance of the proposed AEDC method can compare with existing methods in terms of accuracy, precession, recall, F-measure and Rand index.


In connection with the decreasing hydrocarbon reserves on land, the interest of researchers in new alternative methods of hydrocarbon production is growing. One of the actively developing areas is the production of hydrocarbons from deep-water deposits, in connection with which the share of developed deposits in the water area of the World Ocean is growing every year. However, this production method is not completely safe, since any damage to the production structure can lead to leakage of hydrocarbons. In this case, hydrocarbons are distributed in the form of a submerged jet. Predicting the behavior of submerged jets, calculating their trajectories and thermophysical parameters is important in the elimination of leakage. The article discusses an experimental study of a submerged jet. The results of the experiment will make it possible to verify the mathematical model describing the propagation of a submerged jet. The experiment was carried out to study the trajectory of the jet and its temperature. This paper presents the results on the analysis of the jet trajectory. In the experiment, gasoline or diesel fuel was used as a liquid, air was used as a gas. The work shows a diagram of the experimental setup, describes the process of the experiment, and also shows a photograph of the experiment and a comparison with the results of calculations.


This paper proposed an original four-layer architecture of MEC support for C-V2X system, summarizing the participants in C-V2X scenarios and the logical relationship between the participants. Three novel APIs are designed to meet the requirement of C-V2X end-to-end service under the MEC support for C-V2X system architecture. The general process of MEC support for C-V2X service under our architecture is also considered in this paper with two typical CV2X user cases as examples: HD Map and Intelligent Intersection.


The article presents a comparative description of the growth and development of seedlings of some varieties of spring wheat. To study the growth and development of seedlings used indicators such as the mass of the root system, the mass shoot, the rootmaintenance. The results can be used in practical breeding.


what really mattered in life. They took pride too in the Russian patriotism which had justified staying in their homeland. Of course, life in emigration was also seldom easy, especially at first and for the older generation. But the Golitsyns and Sheremetevs were in general well educated, highly cultured and adaptable. By the 1930s, the Los Angeles Golitsyns were making glamorous careers in Hollywood. Their Russian cousins were, if they were lucky, in provincial exile and working on the Moscow– Volga Canal. A horrifying number of them were executed or died in the camps between 1935 and 1945. Matters had been better under the New Economic Policy (NEP) in the 1920s. Though deprived of their possessions and forced to live in cramped quarters, the aristocrats were able to use their skills – above all in foreign languages – to find a niche in the economy and even at low levels of the administration. Prince Mikhail Golitsyn was working as an economist for Gosplan, for example, and his wife, Anna, helped to set up and run a small company called 'The Embroidered Cushion.' Count Pavel Sheremetev even served for many years as the director of the museum of Ostafevo, in other words of one of his family's suburban palaces. The young generation coming of age under NEP had time to enjoy itself too: the occasional old-style ball and much more frequent adventures with the fox-trot brought young aristocrats together and even led to the occasional marriage. But even under NEP, danger lurked: in the eyes of the Soviet authorities the fox-trot was further evidence of counter-revolutionary decadence and could lead to serious trouble with the police. Even without this, access to higher education was effectively closed. The basic story of the book is the toughness and ultimate triumph of the human spirit in extreme adversity. Religion and humour helped greatly, so did a certain steely aristocratic and (for the older generation) military discipline. But the aristocratic survivors are not the only heroes of the book. On a number of occasions, well-placed intermediaries pleaded with the Soviet authorities and mitigated their fate. Ekaterina Peshkova, Gorky's former wife, was a particularly generous and effective ally.


In this work, the effects of array‐side thin film design on the transmittance and picture quality improvement were studied by optical simulation and experimental verification based on IGZO‐TFT displays. The results show that the maximum transmittance increase of array‐side and modular optics is about 10% through optimizing thin film thickness and refractive design based on light interference cancellation principle. As a result, the power consumption is reduced noticeably without any additional cost. Moreover, the transmittance at different wavelengths can also be modulated by adjusting thin film thickness and refractive design. By this way, higher picture quality panels with higher color gamut and lower blue light can be obtained by matching with color filter of suitable spectrums. This research results provides theoretical basis and experience reference for IGZO‐TFT displays quality improvement.


We propose a generalization of the matched subspace filter for the detection of unknown signals in a background of non-Gaussian and nonindependent noise. The generalization is based on a modification of the Rao test by including a linear transformation derived from independent component analysis (ICA). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves computed for simulated examples illustrate the significant improvement achieved with the generalized solution.


Gardens were important to the Flemish classicist and neostoic, Justus Lipsius. As we examine the role that the garden played in his reconstruction of Stoic philosophy we shall see that he succeeded in adapting the garden, hitherto the symbol of Epicurean pleasure, to Stoic principles appropriate to the Netherlands in the sixteenth century.


Due to technical advancement and needs of the person, the life cycle of product have been shortened. With the customer needs the functional product should be quickly improved in quality for corporate survival. In launching the development product diverse risk factors come into development of products as obstacles. Therefore the risk factors which occurs during the product development need to be managed in project planning and risk management system. Here we will study individual and integrated risk factor degree to produce NPD. Optimization of activity against risk factors can be calculated to minimize time and cost. Here a systematic frame work for risk management is proposed for handling risk degree, risk factors and occurred activities in production.


Using "first principles" molecular dynamics simulation, we report for the first time the formation of Rayleigh-Benard convection cells (RBCC) in two-dimensional strongly coupled Yukawa liquids, characterized by coupling strength Γ (ratio of average potential energy to kinetic energy per particle) and screening parameter κ (ratio of average inter-particle distance to Debye length). For typical values of (Γ, κ), existence of a critical external temperature difference is demonstrated, beyond which RBCC are seen to set in. Beyond this critical external temperature difference, the strength of the maximum convective flow velocity is shown to exhibit a new, hitherto unsuspected linear relationship with external temperature difference and with a slope independent of (Γ, κ). The time taken for the transients to settle down (τs) to a steady state RBCC is found to be maximum close to the above said critical external temperature difference and is seen to reduce with increasing external temperature difference. For the...


Histidine (His) is a ♀nutritionally significant amino acid and plays a key regulatory role in growth-related cellular functions. The present study was conducted to assess the effects of dietary His levels on hybrid grouper growth performance, feed utilization, and related gene expression. Seven isoenergetic, isoproteic, and isolipidic diets were made up to contain 6.9, 7.2, 8.6, 9.2, 10.7, 11.1, and 11.7 g/kg dietary His levels. The results revealed that protein productive value (PPV), feed efficiency (FE), and weight gain (WG) were increased with an increase in dietary His levels up to 10.7 g/kg. Based on the analysis of the second-order polynomial model, the optimal dietary His level for maximum PPV, WG, and FE was 9.24, 9.62, and 9.47 g/kg, respectively. The gut morphology was affected by various dietary His levels. Furthermore, dietary His levels can affect the relative mRNA levels of growth hormone receptor (GHR1) insulin-like growth factor1 (IGF1), the target of rapamycin (TOR), tumor necrosis factorα (TNF-α), and S6 kinase1 (S6K1). Dietary 9.2 g/kg His revealed a high level of Nrf2 expression in the head kidney. Generally, the optimal dietary His level for the best growth performance of hybrid grouper was found to be 9.62 g/kg dry matter or 21.08 g/kg dietary protein.


Scleral buckling has been successful method of treating rhegmatogenous retinal detachment for 70 years now. In the world of ubiquitous pars plana vitrectomy what has changed was indications and selection of patients for whom scleral buckling is still the first choice procedure. It seems that in young age patients cases scleral buckling should be considered in retinal detachment with holes located in adjacent quadrants and post traumatic retinal dialysis particularly. words:


Nanotechnology has been considered as a promising strategy for diagnosis and treatment of various diseases. However, the stability and circulation times of the conventional nano-carriers, such as liposomes and micelles, are still unsatisfied. Perfluorocarbons (PFCs) are biologic inert synthetic materials, which are highly hydrophobic and have a tendency to self-aggregation. Additionally, PFCs themselves can act as ^19F magnetic resonance imaging agents and oxygen carriers. Thus, the construction of the fluorinated carriers will not only improve the stability of the carriers, but also endow them with additional functions. Here we review the recent advances of PFC-based nanosystems for diagnosis and treatment of diseases.


We present an improved simulation engine that combines dynamic structure DEVS with a real time simulation engine (eCD++). The improved simulation engine is implemented includes an advanced dynamic structure real-time experimental environment to adjust the model structure automatically according to the changes in the internal/external environments. The existing abstract simulators were redefined to adapt to dynamic structure. In addition, a new abstract simulator implements the structural change behaviour of structure agent that executes the structural changes.


conscience, that is, through an "innate" love of the "order" that is expressed by "the harmony of the cosmos" or "creation" (pp. 11-3, 92, 59). Cooper states that "Rousseau never calls conscience a principle of soul." (Rousseau means by such a "principle" a fundamental inclination "anterior to reason" from which all other passions are derived: In the Second Discourse, he identifies these as "self-love" and "compassion.") According to Cooper, it "suited Rousseau not to bother identifying principles of soul in Emile." Nevertheless, if he had "used the Second Discourse's scientific methodology on Emile, he would have identified the love of order—that is, conscience—as a principle of the civilized natural man's soul" (p. 94). Conscience is the "one thing that is sublime from the start" and "is natural in the strongest possible sense: it is an innate principle in the soul whose awakening from latency is automatic and irreversible in civilized man" (pp. 82, 11). It includes "aesthetic," "philosophical," and "scientific sensibilities," as well as constitutes "the innermost meaning of goodness, virtue, and justice" (p. 95). Upon this basis, Cooper engages in detailed discussions of Rousseau's texts in order to fashion an account of the development of civilized naturalness through the "developmental template" of conscience, a development in which the formal and substantive natural standards in Rousseau's thought are made to coincide (pp. 11, 100).


The paper carried out a survey on the state of relations between the contemporary China and the countries that have appeared after collapse of the USSR and further have formed a new political association, the Commonwealth of Independent States, as well as relations with individual countries being member states of the CIS. The study focused on the issue of assessing the nature of economic cooperation between these entities being either general integration or economic expansionism of either country against the other one.


The paper debates the results of a research carried out by the Department of Architecture of the University of Naples "Federico II" (DiARC), as part of the Creative Europe 2018 Artists in Architecture, Re-activating modern European houses program (entitled EACEA 32/2017 and EACEA 35/2017; scientific coordinator: Maria Rita Pinto; project manager: Serena Viola). The research investigates the relationships between creativity and sharing as tools of a new form of social sustainability. These elements can induce positive effects on the settlement qualities of the places, acting as engines of the custody of the settlement values and the collaborative regeneration of the built environment. The methodology is based on participatory approaches able to restore the levels of cohesion, care, and creativity that the experimentation typology of the Artists Residencies is able to trigger on the territory and on the communities who inhabit it. The results return in the form of the complex process of the artist exhibition reception a significant strategy of sustainable development, capable of influencing the community by entrusting it with the role of custodian of the existing heritage and of renewing local entrepreneurship with innovative productions.


Aquinas is often presented as following Aristotle's Nicomachean Ethics when treating moral virtue. Less often do philosophers consider that Aquinas's conception of the highest good and its relation to the functional character of human activity led him to break with Aristotle by replicating each of the acquired moral virtues on an infused level. The author suggests that we can discern reasons for this move by examining Aquinas's commentary on the Sententiae of Peter the Lombard and the Summa theologiae within their historical context. The author's thesis is that Dominican pastoral and intellectual concerns led Aquinas to argue that moral virtue must necessarily be ordered toward the highest good. Understanding this purpose helps to explain his presentation of moral virtue and its implications for standard philosophical interpretations of his work.


Tao is the fundamental category of Daoism,its Original Meaning is road;and road is achieved because of "arrival",so the pronunciation and meaning of "tao" is "dao".As in philosophy category,"dao" usually represents the essence and nature of things.Conforming with avenue is cognition and behavior which accords with "tao";it is called "dao wei"(in position)."Dao wei" means suitable and appropriate(neither less nor more than something),reaching the internal and original "position" of "tao".In this sense,the impartially Golden Mean is the right position of "appropriate",and it's also the realm of "dao wei".As the core idea of the Confucianism,the Golden Mean essentially pursuits the position of "dao wei",that is how to conduct ourselves.And the "Chi zhong" idea of Zhou Yi is exactly the "Dang Wei" issue of "yao".Thus,the Tao of Taosim and the Golden Mean of the Confucianism join here.In politics and philosophy based on the archetype of "zheng",the relationship in Ti-yong of Tao and "dao wei" present novel and unique cultural value.


There has been a traditional trade-off in thermophotovoltaic (TPV) energy conversion development between system efficiency and power density. This trade-off originates from the use of front surface spectral controls such as selective emitters and various types of filters. A monolithic interconnected module (MIM) structure has been developed which allows for both high power densities and high system efficiencies. The MIM device consists of many individual indium gallium arsenide (InGaAs) devices series-connected on a single semiinsulating indium phosphide (InP) substrate. The MIMs are exposed to the entire emitter output, thereby maximizing output power density. An infrared (IR) reflector placed on the rear surface of the substrate returns the unused portion of the emitter output spectrum back to the emitter for recycling, thereby providing for high system efficiencies. Initial MIM development has focused on a 1 cm= device consisting of eight (8) series interconnected cells. MIM devices, produced from 0.74eV InGaAs, have demonstrated V= = 3.2 volts, J= = 70 mNcm 2 and a fill factor of 66% under flashlamp testing. Infrared (IR) reflectance measurements ( > 2 pm ) of these devices indicate a reflectivity of > 82%. MIM devices produced from 0.55eV InGaAs have also been demonstrated. In addition, conventional pin InGaAs devices with record efficiencies (11.7% AM0) have been demonstrated. INTRODUCTION In thermophotovoltaic energy conversion, an emitter is heated to incandescence and a photovoltaic device is placed in view of the emitter to convert the radiant energy into electrical energy. Research in TPV has been renewed recently, due to the development of new emitter, filter and photovoltaic cell technology. Most current efforts in TPV research have concentrated on using front surface spectral control elements such as selective emitters [1] or graybody emitters combined with plasma, dielectric or dipole filters [2,3] in order to improve system efficiency to the 20-40% range predicted by theory [4]. The front-surface spectral control approach tends to produce systems with low power density (W/cm2). Selective emitters, for example, have demonstrated in-band emittances which range from 0.7 to 0.8 [5], with efficiencies of -40% (i.e. 40% of the emitted energy is convertible by the photovoltaic device). In order to recuperate the non-convertible energy, filters are used to reflect the long-wavelength photons back to the selective emitter. Unfortunately, there are no filters available which provide both 100% transmission in the usable wavelength region and 100% reflection everywhere else. Thus, a selective emitter emitance of 0.8, coupled with a typical filter transmission of 80% leads to a reduction in the power density of 36%. This is an expensive loss, particularly given the cost of TPV cells. Grey body emitter based systems have similar power density problems. A different approach involves the use of rearsurface spectral controls. Using this technique, the entire radiant output from the emitter is incident upon the photovoltaic (PV) device, thereby providing high output power densities. Photons which the PV device is unable to convert pass through the cell structure, reflect off of a rear reflector and are returned to the emitter for recycling. Researchers have developed TPV cells which utilize lowdoped substrates and reflective rear contacts to provide photon recycling [6,7]. Other researchers have developed series-interconnected, monolithic cells


Objective:To study the effect of treating temporomandibular disorders (TMD) with occlusal reconstruction and partial hermetization.Methods:Ninety patients of TMD with one side morsal teeth odontoptosis unrecovered were ran- domly divided into the 3 therapeutic groups:hermetization group,partial teeth recovery group and the combination of the a- bove two therapeutic groups.For artifcal teeth recovery group,dental prosthetic restoration was made for the odontoptosis according to physiological functions,combined with symptomatic therapy.For partial hermetization group,2% dolicaine 1ml and prednisolone acetate suspl.0.5 ml(12.5 mg) were used to block the pain spot weekly,with 3 times as one course of treatment.For the therapy group of artifcal teeth recovery and partial hermetization,the methods above were combined and carried out.Results:The effective rate of artifcal teeth recovery group reached 93.33% and that of partial hermetiza- tion group 73.33%,and the most effective rate was 96.67% in the third group.Conclusion:The therapy of artifcal teeth recovery and partial hermetization in treating TMD with one side morsal teeth odontoptosis is an effective method.


"Bob, can I ask you, uh, a question?" "No. I will not take your call this weekend." "That's not it, but thanks for nothing." "So, what is it?" "I've known you for years and you are my best friend. Do you think that size matters?"


A bioreactor in which living yeast cells are sandwiched between an ultrafiltration membrane and a reverse osmosis membrane was constructed, and experiments were performed for the conversion of substrate glucose to product ethanol. A set of equations that include both transport through a series of barrier layers and bioreaction rate were developed to predict the performance of the sandwich bioreactor. The above equations were solved by using numerical values for the transport parameter and the bioreaction rate constant, and the results are compared with the experimental data.


This thesis has produced advances in our understanding of the biology and potential clinical application of stem cells to aid the treatment of patients with severe eye injuries. This research evaluated the therapeutic potential of a stem cell (called Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (MSCs)) isolated from the peripheral margin of the cornea, known as the limbus. Firstly, a method for routinely isolation and propagation of human limbal MSCs was optimized. Subsequently, the performance of those cells on a silk fibroin membrane was examined.


This investigation provides internal consistency reliabilities for the Wechsler Memory Scale–Fourth Edition (WMS–IV) subtest and index discrepancy scores using the standardization samples of the Adult and Older Adult batteries. Subtest reliabilities ranged from .00 to .93 for Adults and .25 to .94 for Older Adults. Three of 91 Adult coefficients and three of 24 Older Adult coefficients reached the recommended level (≥ .90). Index reliabilities ranged from .46 to .94 for 100 Adult Battery comparisons and .19 to 93 for 36 Older Adult Battery comparisons. Each battery had 10 coefficients ≥ .90. Ability–memory discrepancies were reported using WAIS–IV VCI, PRI, WMI, and GAI as intelligence standards. Ability–memory comparisons for the Adult Battery ranged from .82 to .93 with 12 of 20 comparisons ≥ .90; Older Adult Battery reliabilities ranged from .85 to .94 with six of 16 comparisons ≥ .90. In terms of discrepancy score reliabilities, the WMS–IV represents a marked improvement over the WMS–III.


Abstract : With the demise of the Soviet Union and the resulting lone superpower status for the United States, revolutionary changes swept through the American military. For the United States Air Force, reorganization was probably the most dramatic and far-reaching change. Now, five years after reorganization, another innovative Air Force approach may very well have the same far-reaching implications for the application of American airpower. This new concept, the Air Expeditionary Force (AEF), makes the final transition from a force founded on the strategy of forward-based presence to one built on the vision of global engagement.


_Cogito and the Unconscious_ Edited by Slavoj Zizek SIC: A series edited by Slavoj Zizek and Renata Salecl Durham and London: Duke University Press, 1998 ISBN 0-8223-2097-5 279 pp.


Too much nitrogen (N)-fertilizer is used in many agricultural systems, at great environmental cost, while too little is used in the poorest systems, jeopardising food security. As a step towards solving these contrasting N-related problems, we aim to build synthetic nitrogen-fixing symbioses between bacteria and grasses, based on knowledge gained from decades of research on natural nitrogen-fixing symbioses in legumes. Key steps in this synthetic biology project include engineering of: signal compound production in bacteria and signal recognition in plants; concomitant biosynthesis of a specialized C-source by the plant for use by the bacteria; catabolism of this specialized C-source for energy production, as well as nitrogen fixation, respiratory protection of nitrogenase, and conditional suppression of ammonia assimilation in bacteria; and, finally, ammonium uptake by plant cells. Chassis' for the bacterial synthetic biology are natural endophytes or epiphytes of grasses, while the target model and crop species are barley and maize. Significant progress has been made in each of these areas. Ultimately, substantial synthetic associative nitrogen-fixation in staple food crops could increase yields of resource-poor farmers and decrease the need for industrial N-fertilizers in resource-rich agricultural systems. Michael Udvardi, Evangelia Kouri, John Peters, Amaya Garcia Costas, Florence Mus, Jean-Michel Ane, Kevin Garcia, Chris Voigt, Min-Hyung Ryu, Giles Oldroyd, Ponraj Paramasivian, Ramakrishnan Karunakaran, Barney Geddes, and Philip Poole. The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, USA Montana State University, USA University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA; Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA; John Innes Center, UK; University of Oxford, UK. Contact: firstname.lastname@example.com Introduction Levels of mineral and organic nitrogen (N) in most soils limit primary production in natural ecosystems and agriculture (Elser et al. 2007; O'Neill et al. 2004). Industrial production of N-fertilizers fuelled the Green Revolution and today inject over 100 million tons of reactive-N per year into agricultural systems (Canfield et al. 2010). Without N-fertilizers there would likely be 2 billion fewer people alive today, yet massive use of fertilizers over much of the globe is compromising human health and natural ecosystems, and challenging the sustainability of modern agriculture (Rockstrom et al. 2009; Sutton et al. 2011). In contrast, millions of resource-poor farmers lack sufficient N-fertilizer to ensure good harvests, especially in Africa where yields are often only 10-20% of yield potential for staples like maize. To address the grand challenges related to N-use in agriculture through biological research, the BBSRC of the UK and the NSF of the USA hosted a nitrogen ideas lab in the UK to develop plausible alternatives to industrial N-fertilizers. Several projects were funded, including this one on Synthetic Symbioses, SynSym. Strategy Key steps in this synthetic biology project include engineering of: signal compound production in bacteria and signal recognition in plants; concomitant biosynthesis of a specialized C-source by the plant for use by the bacteria; catabolism of this specialized C-source for energy production, as well as nitrogen fixation, respiratory protection of nitrogenase, and conditional suppression of ammonia assimilation in bacteria; and, finally, ammonium uptake by plant cells. Chassis' for the bacterial synthetic biology are natural endophytes or epiphytes of grasses, while the target model and crop species are barley and maize. Progress Rhizobium sp. IRBG74 has been shown to promote growth of rice (Biswas et al. 2000) and was of interest to us as a potential growth-promoting root endophyte of other grasses and as a chassis for engineering nitrogen fixation and other genes. We found that this strain IRBG74 is able to colonize roots of some barley and maize genotypes. Work is underway to identify barley and maize genes that respond to microbial signals, including those from IRBG74, using RNA-seq(uencing). Rhizopine was chosen as the target C-compound for biosynthesis in plants for use by associated N-fixing bacteria. After clarifying/correcting the biosynthetic


AbstractPassive-type control devices such as resilient mounts and wire rope isolators are generally used for protecting the shipboard equipment from shoc k loading and for suppressing the mechanical vibration of the equipment in naval ships. To improve the performance of the control device, a new hybrid mount is under development in this study. This mount consists of a passive-type rubber element and an act ive-type piezo-stack element. It can be expected that the mount has enhanced perform ance of about 20 dB or more with respect to transmissibility through a series of perfo rmance tests of prototype mount. ※Keywords: Hybrid mount(하이브리드 마운트), Resilient mount(탄성마운트), Piezo stack(압전 작동기), Naval ship(함정), Vibration control(진동제어), Shock(충격) 1. 서 론 함재에 탑재되고 있는 각종 기계/전자 장비들을 살펴보면, 장비 하부에 다양한 형태의 마운트가 설치되어 있는 것을 알 수 있다. 이러한 마운트는 접수일: 2008년 1월 22일, 승인일: 2008년 4월 10일†교신저자: firstname.lastname@example.com, 042-868-7428 장비에서 발생되는 진동 및 소음이 하부 구조물로전달되는 것을 차단하고, 외부 충격으로부터 장비를 보호하기 위한 목적으로 사용되고 있다. 함정용 마운트로서는 고무요소로 구성된 마운트와 wire rope형 마운트가 널리 채택되고 있으며, 이들 탄성 마운트는 우수한 진동 및 충격 차단성능을 제공하고 있다. 최근 몇 년 전까지도 한국 해군 함정에 탑재되는 장비에 사용되고 있는 마운트


Deaths and injuries due to traffic accidents are common in childhood. Protecting children from deaths and injuries due to traffic accidents is possible with measures to be taken. One of these measures is the use of a child car safety seat. If the child car safety seat is used correctly, it significantly reduces injury and death. In the literature review, it was seen that the use of child car safety seats in our country was limited and it not used correctly. In this article, it is aimed to create awareness about the importance of correct use of child car safety seat.


Two experiments on observing the variance of mode split of 70MHZ are reported, for the standing wave lasers with tuning the cavity are reported. The laser mode split is caused by an intracavity quartz crystal plate(laser mode split technology). The variation and relative variation of the mode split during the tuning are about 15KHz and 10-3order respectively from the edge to the centre of lasing bandwidth.


The Japanese mantis shrimp Oratosquilla oratoria (De Haan) lives in burrows in the mud bottom of bays and inlets from Peter the Great Bay, Russia, through Japan to Taiwan and China, where it grows to 15cm in total length.1,2) Despite being an edible animal and commercially important in various parts of Japan, there has been minute description of larval development of the animal, which can only be done by rearing from the egg to metamorphosed juvenile in the aquarium. Previously scientists have often adopted two indirect methods to study the larval life of Stomatopoda, first, by tracing the morphological development of characters from preserved specimens and, second, by rearing larva captured in nature. Rearing of newly hatched larvae has been attempted occasionally, too (These past trials were summarized by Provenzano, Jr. and Manning3)). Komai and Tung4) described nine larval stages of the present animal O. oratoria from specimens collected in nature. Although many rearing attempts have been made, only three species have been reared successfully from hatching to metamorphosis: the present mantis shrimp by Takamatsu et al.5) and Shioya,6) a coral dweller Gonodactylus oerstedii by Provenzano, Jr. and Manning,3) and a small mantis shrimp Heterosquilla tricarinata by Greenwood and Williams.7) The larvae of the last species hatch from large eggs, and are easily reared through a few abbreviated stages.7) However, the first two mantis shrimps, above, have many larval stages from small eggs and a few individuals survived to the first juvenile stage.3,5) In the present species, particularly, morphological description of the larval stages is scant and, as a result, the number of larval stages is likely to be underestimated.5,6) There are two reasons why complete rearing of stomatopod larvae from small eggs has been very difficult: One is that females bearing egg masses are rarely collected in field and seldom occur in the laboratory, and another is that an adequate diet to sustain the long larval life has not been available. Therefore, in this study special attention was given to solving these two problems: artificial burrows for captive females to spawn,8,9) and a larval food, Artemia cultured with a special mixed diet. As a result, all the larval stages was successfully collected in sequence. The relationship between the duration of egg incubation and water temperature was also studied for the first time in Stomatopoda. The present paper describes the egg size, the duration of incubation, and the larval development of the Japanese mantis shrimp.


Fuzzy signal detection analysis can be a useful complementary technique to traditional signal detection theory analysis methods, particularly in applied settings. For example, traffic situations are better conceived as being on a continuum from no potential for hazard to high potential, rather than either having potential or not having potential. This study examined the relative contribution of sensitivity and response bias to explaining differences in the hazard perception performance of novices and experienced drivers, and the effect of a training manipulation. Novice drivers and experienced drivers were compared (N = 64). Half the novices received training, while the experienced drivers and half the novices remained untrained. Participants completed a hazard perception test and rated potential for hazard in occluded scenes. The response latency of participants to the hazard perception test replicated previous findings of experienced/novice differences and trained/untrained differences. Fuzzy signal detection analysis of both the hazard perception task and the occluded rating task suggested that response bias may be more central to hazard perception test performance than sensitivity, with trained and experienced drivers responding faster and with a more liberal bias than untrained novices. Implications for driver training and the hazard perception test are discussed.


This research studies the working intention of the employee from Beijing Stated-Owned Enterprises with their attitudes
toward the working condition in an overseas state-aided construction project. With the Belt and Road initiative reflecting China's
economic, political, and strategic advantages overseas, the development of infrastructure connectivity becomes inevitable. The
three research objectives are: to analyze the influence mechanism of the willingness to continue working overseas of the staff of the
current state-aided construction projects; to explore the relationship between policy, overseas mission, work responsibility, culture,
workers compensation, and policy; to suggest a better approach in enhancing the overseas working conditions.


AIM To explore the method of harvesting and back-table procedures of liver allograft. METHODS From December 2001 to April 2002, 3 liver transplants were performed at Xijing hospital. Donor liver were perfused and harvested according to the modified methods. RESULTS The donor operation lasted for 21min to 28min and liver ischemic time last 1 min to 3 min. The cold preserved time of 2 grafts were 7. 5 h, 6. 5 h and 7. 9 h respectively. CONCLUSION These results indicate that our approach toward the selection and management of donor liver was appropriate, the method of harvesting and back-table procedures of liver allograft is key point for successful liver transplantation.


Abstract. Isnawati, Muhaimin FI, Rahayu DA, Fitrihidajati H, Ratnasari E. 2023. Probiotics formulated from indigenous bacteria from goat digestive tract and fed with fermented mixed feed Eichhornia crassipes and Zea mays cobs. Biodiversitas 24: 2906-2911. The provision of cellulolytic bacteria as probiotics in goat feed is crucial to their growth and health. Therefore, this study aimed to monitor the effects of providing cellulolytic bacteria isolated from the digestive tract of goats as probiotics in feed rations. Probiotic cellulolytic bacteria were isolated from the digestive tract of goat food fed with a fermented feed containing a combination of hyacinth and corn cob. In this study, the probiotic types are also different from other studies, namely Bacillus pumilus, Bacillus brevis, and Pseudomonas diminuta. Therefore, its effects on the vegetative and generative growth from various age groups and sexes of test goats are investigated. The goats tested were divided into two groups: fed with and without probiotics, with subgroups based on their sexes (male and female) and age groups (baby, juvenile, and adult). The tested goats were fed for 35 days, and their weight gain and sperm quality were observed; in general, weight gain was observed in goats fed the probiotics. Furthermore, the quality of spermatozoa in adult male goats fed with probiotics is higher than without probiotics, which includes its viability (52.2% to 36.9%), motility (48.1% and ++++ to 33.2% and ++), volume and concentration (1.05 mL/ejaculate with 3.7×109 cells/mL to 0.55 mL/ejaculated with 2.6×109 cells/mL). Based on the results, adding cellulolytic bacterial probiotics to the feed promotes the vegetative growth of goats in different age groups, in male and female goats. Also, it improves reproductive performance in adult male test goats.


Abstract The leading-order interaction of short gravity waves with a dominant long-wave swell is calculated by means of Zakharov's [7] spectral formulation. Results are obtained both for a discrete train of short waves and for a localised wave packet comprising a spectrum of short waves. The results for a discrete wavetrain agree with previous work of Longuet-Higgins & Stewart [5], and general agreement is found with parallel work of Grimshaw [4] which employed a very different wave-action approach.


This paper studies the problem of the different constrained least square solution of linear matrix equations with double-matrix-variable.An iterative method is constructed by constructing the equivalent linear matrix equations,and revising the drop direction of the conjugate gradient method and its related coeffcient.Two numerical examples are presented to support the theoretical results of this paper.


Eight formulae from the literature for calculating the indentation fracture toughness K 1c from indendation cracks in the Palmqvist crack regime were evaluated. Values of K 1c ranged from 1.02±0.05 to 1.89±0.03 MN/m 3/2 for an eight component experimental glass, 0.95±0.03 to 1.48±0.15 MN/m 3/2 for a three component experimental glass, 1.60±0.02 to 3.52±0.14 MN/m 3/2 for fused silica, 1.05±0.03 to 1.47±0.03 MN/m 3/2 for soda lime glass, and 1.60±0.02 to 2.31±0.07 MN/m 3/2 for borosilicate glass. Dimensional analysis of relationships for Palmqvist and median cracks showed that the first three equations were in good agreement for the five glasses tested. The five other formulae showed higher values for K 1c and produced different ranking. A Student-Newman-Keuls rank order test did not separate mean values of K 1c for three out of five materials using the first three formulae. For two other glasses no separation occurred for the first two formulae. For the fifth glass no separation occurred for the second and third formulae. All materials evaluated were in the Palmqvist crack regime, in such cases, the three formulae mentioned above are recommended to be used for calculating the indentation fracture toughness K 1c


When a virgin glass fiber fractures by static tension, it does not break into two or three pieces but shatteres as a cloud of dust, and disappears. The dynamic process of this fragmentation was observed by means of high-speed photography at a rate of 4×105 frames/sec. It was found that the rupture was initially produced at a cross-section of the fiber as in ordinary tensile tests and then fragmentation began to propagate from the section towards the fixed ends of the fiber at a constant speed (177±5 m/sec). Attempts to interpret the results as the effects of nondispersive stress waves propagating in continuous media seemed unsuccessful. It was, however, pointed out that the observed fragmentation velocity was in close agreement with the value of the fission velocity predicted by the wave-mechanical theory of Fitzgerald.


This dissertation is devoted to the development of transition metal-free reduction methods by employing boron LEWIS acids and to the synthesis of novel boron LEWIS acid catalysts. The chemoselective C=N reduction of oxime ethers to hydroxylamines cannot be reliably achieved by transition metal-catalyzed hydrogenations. These are usually accompanied by N–O bond cleavage, resulting in the formation of amines. This overreduction was circumvented by employing the boron LEWIS acid B(C6F5)3 as catalyst. Sterically demanding substituents at the oxygen atom (tert-butyl or triisopropylsilyl) were required to convert oxime ethers into the corresponding protected hydroxylamines. Representative ketoxime ethers already reacted at room temperature in toluene under 100 bar dihydrogen pressure with a catalyst loading of 5 mol% whereas the reduction of less basic aldoxime ethers required higher catalyst loading, higher temperatures, and the use of 1,4-dioxane as solvent. Unprotected hydroxylamines can be obtained by subsequent removal of the triisopropylsilyl protecting group. Structurally related hydrazones were hydrogenated under similar conditions to yield the corresponding hydrazines. Phthaloyl-protected substrates were suitable to subsequently liberate unprotected hydrazines. In the C=N reduction of hydrazones, the same reactivity difference of ketoneand aldehyde-derived substrates as in the case of oxime ethers was observed. As part of the development of main group element-catalyzed C=N reductions, a silylium ion-promoted imine hydrosilylation method was established. This dissertation also focuses on the preparation of derivatives of the boron LEWIS acid B(C6F5)3. Although a number of boranes with various degrees of fluorination of the phenyl substituents is known, the effect of fluorination of aryl substituents not directly attached to the boron atom on Lewis acidity had not been explored. To address this question, a partially fluorinated β-naphthyl-based borane was synthesised and characterised. GUTMANN–BECKETT analysis revealed a LEWIS acidity of 98% relative to B(C6F5)3, and the novel borane showed similar activity to B(C6F5)3 in typical catalyses involving Si–H bond activation. A contribution to the development of chiral boron LEWIS acids was accomplished by the preparation of a borane precursor for the synthesis of a chiral B(C6F5)3 congener bearing chiral substituents instead of fluorine atoms in the para positions. In contrast to other chiral B(C6F5)3 congeners where at least one perfluorinated aryl group is replaced by the chiral substituent, the LEWIS acidity is expected to be mostly preserved.