INTRODUCTION Linguistics has different methods and ways of expanding vocabulary in a language, including morphological, syntactic and semantic approaches, as well as borrowing. The same methods are applied to languages for special purposes and related terminology. With regard to borrowing, the peculiarity of the linguistic situation of the Germans during the period of active borrowing of foreignlanguage lexical units is largely due to the establishment and spread of Christianity in Europe, a religion that, in its linguistic tradition, relied primarily on Latin and Greek. "Religious interferences are related to the influence of religion on language. The writing and the main layer of borrowed vocabulary in each language were subordinate to the respective religion and associated sacred language, that is, the Holy Scripture and worship services, for some historical period. Sometimes the adoption of one or another religion was of great progressive importance, because along with religion, one or another nation borrowed writing that was conducive to the development of education and, indeed, of the entire national culture" 1 . This fact led to the emergence of a special culture of bilingualism, which consisted in the fact that, on the one hand, there was a language of religion and literary writing (in the German-speaking Latin environment), and on the other, a vernacular that was used in everyday life and partly in writing.


In order to solve the attribute reduction algorithm's drawbacks of the extensive range of initial searching space and low convergence rate in the latter stage, we present an improved swarming optimisation base on ant colony optimisation in this paper. By strengthening the pheromone concentration of critical pipelines, the probability of the vital pipeline being selected in the path optimisation process is increased, thereby improving the development of the optimal solution by the ant colony algorithm. The improved algorithm puts forward attributes' of and adaptive choice model. The adaptive choice model enhances the possibility of choosing high-quality results. Simulation results show that the improved algorithm's success rate converges to the optimal results. Moreover, the improved algorithm has the capability of high accuracy and fast convergence.


Abstract This article demonstrates how the application of the ordinary rules of property law in the determination of the property rights of spouses in Nigeria has been unfair to a financially weaker spouse (usually the wife). It calls for reconsideration of the present matrimonial property rights arrangement between a husband and a wife in Nigeria. It argues in favour of the statutory introduction of the concept of "matrimonial property" in Nigeria to apply both during marriage and at divorce. To give some background, reference is made to the South African matrimonial property system of community of property and the accrual system. The article proposes that a special category of property, known as "matrimonial property" and which emphasizes the equal proprietary rights of spouses, is recognized.


This study aims to analyze the reflectivity measurement uncertainty of a spectrophotometer, with considerations of the perpendicular incidence/reflection, scattering, and artificial manipulation. The operation procedure is designed to utilize a double beam spectrophotometric system, taking advantage of the direct comparison of the luminous intensity to evaluate the uncertainty. The environmental range of the temperature and the relative humidity for the measuring process are controlled to be 23±1.5oC and 50%±10%, respectively. The range for correction reflectivity is 10%-100%. High-reflectivity standard parts are used with the integrating sphere for the calibration. Low-reflectivity standard parts are used along with an integrating sphere for the evaluation when the measurement reflectivity is 0%-9%. The optimal expanded composition uncertainty of the system is found to be 1.2% in the wavelength range of 400 nm-700 nm.


To design agent behavior in the initial phase of communication, we propose an agent model that possesses preferences for a relationship with a target. As an internal state, this model considers two relationship preferences with a target: control and acceptance. The agent's spatial behavior, which is represented by a change in its position, is determined based on its internal state and its positional relationship with the target. We investigated the interactions caused by the combination of the internal states of two agents through a computer simulation. We simplified the combinations of the internal states for the agent to reach its preferred position and clarified the position combinations that become unreachable. Based on these results, we discussed the change of the internal state based on rationality. In this model, since the target's internal state is directly expressed by its behavior, the agent can adjust its own internal state based on rationality without estimating the target's internal state.


From the fermentation culture of strain Penicillium sp.MA-37 derived from mangrove rhizosphere,eight compounds were isolated by separation techniques including column chromatography with silica gel and Sephadex LH-20,preparative TLC and re-crystallization.Structures of all purified compounds were elucidated by analysis of their spectroscopic data to be N-(2-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl)-malonamic acid(1),N-(2,4-dimethoxyphenyl)malonamic acid(2),N-(2,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-malonamic acid methyl ester(3),(22E,24R)-ergosta-5,7,22-trien3β-ol(4),(22E,24R)-Ergosta-4,6,8(14),22-tetraen-3-one(5),(22E,24R)-5α,8α-epidioxyergosta-6,22-dien-3β-ol(6),asperamide B(7),cis-4-hydroxy-6-deoxyscytalone(8).Compound 1 was a new compound,while compounds 2 and 3 were reported as natural products for the first time.


The yield strength of annealed 205 nickel was determined over the temperature range 4 K to 1473 K. also determined was the constant-structure strain-rate sensitivity exponent, m. Values of m were determined over the same temperature range as the yield stress. The strain-rate sensitivity data are compared against the m values reported for other fcc metals.


The management of fishing fleets is an important factor in the sustainable exploitation of marine organisms for human consumption. Therefore, regulatory services monitor catches and limit them based on data. In this paper, we analyze North Atlantic Fishing Organization (NAFO) data on North Atlantic catches to direct the effectiveness of fishing stakeholders. Data on fishing time (month and year), equipment, location, type of catch, and, for us, the most interesting, data on the fishing effort are given, and their quality is analyzed. In the last part, The Principal Component Analysis for individual activities, among which fishing stakeholders can decide, is performed on a selected data sample. The complexity of the connections between the set of observed activities is explained by new uncorrelated variables - principal components - that are important for achieving the expected fishing catch. We find that the proportions of variance explained by the individual principal components are low, which indicates the high complexity of the topic discussed.


In this paper, we will show our latest results on high-efficiency blue phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes (PHOLEDs). Effects of triplet exciton confinement, exciton energy transfer and charge trapping, and charge balance on iridium(III)bis [(4,6-di-fluorophenyl)-pyridinato-N,C2'] picolinate (FIrpic)-based blue PHOLEDs will be presented. By optimizing the aforementioned device parameters, a high-efficiency blue PHOLED with 59 cd/A (48 lm/W at 100 cd/m2) was demonstrated.


Abstract Introduction:Diabetes is an emergency in slow motion in India. There is an urgent need of improving awareness and education on diabetes in the community and the social scientist working in the community health are the important group to make this happen. Objectives:To assess the prevalence of diabetes among the social scientists and measure their knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) on diabetes. Materials and Methods:A delegate of social scientists attending a national conference on social science and health were screened for random blood sugar and a survey was conducted through a structured self-answered questionnaire on KAP in diabetes. Excel Microsoft Office 2010 package was used for descriptive analysis. Results:A total of 245 social scientists attended the conference; of them, 211 (86%) social scientists voluntarily participated in diabetes screening, and among them, 99 (47%) voluntarily responded on KAP questionnaire. Prevalence rate of diabetes among social scientists was found to be 9.5% and the study revealed that the knowledge was fair, attitude was positive, and practice was good among the social scientists working in the field of social health. Conclusion:The social scientists could be the Change Agents for the changing diabetes in the community through appropriate strategies involving them.


Net water transport (NWT) in estuaries is important for, for example, salt intrusion and sediment dynamics. While NWT is only determined by river runoff in single channels, in estuarine networks, it results from a complex interplay between tides and residual flows. This study aims to disentangle the various contributions of these physical drivers to NWT in estuarine networks and investigate the sensitivities of


This paper provides a chronology of the main financial events over the last 15 years, spanning three main crises. The first is the global financial crisis in 2008 - 09, and the second is the euro area sovereign debt crisis in 2010 - 12. Both events heralded significant reforms of the EU ' s governance and financial architecture. On the tail of these two crises, the ongoing COVID - 19 crisis that started in early 2020 enables us to assess the working of the resulting financial framework. Two aspects stand out. The first is that the coronavirus crisis was, in its origin, exogenous from previous banking sector behaviours - which was not the case during the 2008 - 2012 period. The second aspect stems from the combined policy responses to the pandemic, which lacked in the 2008 - 2012 period. Against this background, the aim of this paper is twofold. The first is to highlight the sequence of regulatory and institutional changes, with a focus on the ECB and Eurosystem, vis - à - vis the unfolding events and against the background of broader financial reforms. The second aim of this paper is to investigate whether the sequence of financial reforms has improved the sector ' s ability to deal with major macro - financial shocks at the EU/euro area level, reducing the sovereign - bank doom loop. We focus primarily on developments affecting the banking sector, while noting that during the same period major developments within the EU non - bank financial sector were observed. The COVID - 19 crisis has been characterized by the positive interaction of rapid fiscal and monetary responses (macro polices), and joint financial and supervisory responses. In this new policy environment the message of the paper is that the sequence of financial reforms, including the acquisition of supervisory and financial stability tasks by the ECB, have been instrumental in facilitating the effective response to the COVID - 19 crisis thus far, especially compared to the previous two crises. The increased resilience and resolvability of the EU banking sector has enabled it to withstand the large and unexpected pandemic shock, while continuing


Being a matter that has been advised that in Indonesia there are many customs are done by Muslims, one of them is Halal bi Halal wich is held in the month of Shawwal. In this simple thesis, is focused explained and described the customs of this in terms of whether or not the law should hold such customs, with the aim of:
a. In order to be known to the law held a halal bi halal is done in the midst of society in view of the Islamic Shari'a
b. Apply the rule "Al'aadah Muhakkamah" (Tradition was basic of law) in held Halal bi Halal by explaining the limitations permissibility
c. Explaining to the Muslim community about the nature of these laws, and restrictions are allowed to hold it by quoting the opinion of scholars Indonesia about Halal bi Halal in the month of Shawwal, either allow it or ban it or moderate (not allow and does not forbid), so that people can choose opinion of most rojih (strong) by them.
 In order to realize these objectives, the use of applied analytical methods, research methods proposition and method description. By explaining the meaning of the rules in language or in terms syar'i, outlining the elements and explain the meaning of the sentence contained in it, and look for the basic proposition that becomes a reference of the rule and examine the rule "Al'aadah Muhakkamah" (Tradition became basic of law) to serve as a legal proposition held Halal bi Halal in the month of Shawwal. Then amplifies these rules with other arguments relating of the Qur'an and Sunnah. After the analysis and assessment of the arguments relating, finally concluded the following:
a. Halal bi halal in the month of Shawwal including new tradition that have not been known at the time of the Prophet Muhammad, his companions and the tabi'in. However, Halal bi Halal held in the month of Shawwal not violate the values of the Qur'an and Sunnah.
b. Opinions which allow held Halal bi Halal in the month of Shawwal is not opinion based on the wishes of lust, but the majority opinion of some of the greatest scholars Indonesian Islamic organizations.


The sate-of-the-art of reinforcement technology,especially,reinforcement technology of resisting impact and attenuating vibration for electronic -information equipment are reviewed in this paper. In the meantime, some tasks which are faced with by the future research of reinforcement technology are summarized.A new direction of reinforcement technology which is named nano-reinforcement technology is proposed, and the research category,key point, executing route and development steps in the new direction are discussed.


The acquisition of the aspectual difference between the preterit and imperfect in the past tense and the acquisition of the contrast between subjunctive and indicative mood are classic problem areas in second language (L2) acquisition of Spanish by English-speaking learners (Collentine, 1995, 1998, 2003; Salaberry, 1999; Slabakova & Montrul, 2002; Terrell, Baycroft & Perrone, 1987). Similarly, Spanish heritage speakers in the U.S exhibit simplification of the preterit/imperfect contrast and incomplete acquisition/attrition of subjunctive morphology (Merino, 1983; Montrul, 2002, 2007; Potowski, Jegerski & Morgan-Short, 2009; Silva-Corvalán, 1994). This raises the question of whether the linguistic knowledge of a developing L2 learner is similar to incomplete L1 acquisition in heritage language (HL) learners. Because heritage speakers are exposed to the heritage language from infancy whereas L2 learners begin exposure much later, Au et al. (2002, 2008) have claimed that heritage speakers are linguistically superior to L2 learners only in phonology but not in morphosyntax. The present study reexamines this claim by focusing on the interpretation of tense, aspect and mood (TAM) morphology in 60 instructed HL learners and 60 L2 learners ranging from low to advanced proficiency in Spanish. Results of four written tasks showed differences between the groups both in tense and aspect and in mood morphology, depending on proficiency levels. Implications of these findings for heritage language instruction are discussed.


In this research, we would like to predict human behavior from video images to help humans in the future medical and nursing care fields. As a preliminary step, we will predict human actions. As a baseline, we used the 3D ResNet, which can handle both temporal and spatial features and can identify human actions with high accuracy. To improve the feature representation of conventional 3D ResNet for small action, we propose a method using loop feature extraction based on Convolutional LSTM in a residual block. We conducted experiments using the UCF101, Kinetics-400, and HMDB-51 datasets. As a result, we confirmed that our method with the introduction of the loop mechanism can obtain higher accuracy than the conventional 3D ResNet. Next, we created our own data set for predicting human behavior and used it for evaluation. We were able to achieve high accuracy, indicating that it is possible to predict behavior to some extent.


The three generation leaderships of the Communist Party of China have made together and respectively important contribution to exploxing,establishing and developing socialist road with the Chinese characteristics.The theory of building socialism with the Chinese characteristics was first created by Mao Zedong,was formed by Dong Xiaoping and was deepened by Jiang Zemin.This course fully shows that the scientific theory of socialism keeps pace with the times. [


The in-liquid plasma was formed in the CNT dispersion by applying pulse high voltage between the platinum electrodes. The generated plasma spattered the surface of platinum electrodes and dispersed platinum particles in the CNT dispersion. The platinum with the weight of 21 mg was spattered by the applying pulse high voltage for 20 minutes. The spattered platinum particle was supported on the CNT surface. The platinum particles on the CNT were applied to the catalyst of the polymer electrolyte fuel cell. The open voltage of 0.91V and the maximum power of 1.47mW/cm were observed for the fuel cell.


This paper proposes an efficient off-line approach for dealing with power network branch parameters errors, that comprises three phases. In Phase 1 the branches suspected to be with errors are identified through an Identification-Index Vector (IIV), where each element of IIV is the ratio between the number of measurements incident to each branch, whose normalized residuals are larger than one specified threshold value, and the total number of measurement incident to each branch of the network. Using several measurement snapshots, the suspicious branches parameters are estimated, in a sequential form, in Phase 2. In order to do that, it is proposed a decoupled augmented state estimator which increases the V-θ state vector for the inclusion of suspicious branch parameters. Phase 3 enables the validation of the estimative obtained in Phase 2, via a conventional Weighted Least Squares State Estimator. Several simulation results (with the IEEE 14, 30 and 57 bus systems) have demonstrated the high correctness and reliability of the proposed approach to lead with single and multiple parameter errors in adjacent and non-adjacent branches. The results obtained by the proposed approach were compared with those obtained by other existing methodology.


Fractured-vuggy oil reservoirs, with the decrease of formation pressure during the exploitation process, lead to the collapse of caverns or the closure of sizeable fractured oil channels, which seriously affects oil well production and the recovery rate of oil reservoirs. True three-dimensional geomechanical model tests were carried out to avoid the impact of cave collapse and fracture closure on oil well production. Taking the Tahe Oilfield in Xinjiang area of China as the engineering background, we researched the collapse failure mechanism of the karstic caves in fractured-cavity oil reservoirs and the evolution of fracture closure through a true three-dimensional geomechanical model test and the numerical simulation software RFPA. The collapse failure modes of caverns with and without prefabricated cracks were revealed, along with the displacement and stress changes during cave collapse and the mechanism of cave collapse failure. Our study revealed the mechanism of the interaction between cracks and the cave. The research results show that prefabricated cracks reduce the roof of the cave's bearing capacity, making the karst cave collapse with incomplete cracks. The impact of the collapse is much smaller than the cavern without prefabricated cracks. The crack closure extends from the near end to the far end. The research results will provide necessary theoretical support for the large-scale safe extraction of deep petroleum resources, increase oil production in China, and have important theoretical significance and engineering application value.


This case report describes a patient in their 60s with a history of hypertension who experienced sudden chest pain radiating to the back and sweating for 2 hours without relief.


An account is given of methods which have been employed in laboratory and field studies of the actions of rolls on the soil. These studies have revealed little that is remarkable or unexpected concerning the actions of rolls on the soil, but they have clearly demonstrated that the exact actions of rolls differ widely according to the circumstances in which they are employed. When rolling is carried out in field experiments, it is necessary to perform tests to measure the exact effects produced on the soil. In this way it should gradually become more apparent when and how rolling is likely to be beneficial. Of the methods which have been described, the last two, viz. tests of the consolidation, moisture content and tilth by means of a sampling tube, and of the mechanical resistance to the penetration of a probe with the automatic "resistance" recorder, are well adapted to use in field experiments. These methods are being used in many field experiments involving cultivations, and it is hoped that it may at some time in the future be possible by such methods to relate cultivations and crop yields through a knowledge of the soil structure.


While the Latin technical writers have been, and continue to be, studied by historians of the relevant discipline, scant attention has been devoted by linguists to their technical language. If they have interested philologists and linguists at all, then until recently it was as writers of popular, or 'vulgar', Latin, rather than of 'technical' Latin. This neglect of Latin technical languages as varieties in their own right reflects a wider reluctance to take technical languages into account in other areas of linguistics. There is a substantial literature devoted to technical languages in isolation, especially to the practical problems of communication in technical contexts, of teaching, translating and standardising technical languages, but coherent treatment of technical words and technical languages in the context of the lexicon or the language as a whole is almost entirely lacking in the standard works on word-formation and semantics.


A piezoelectric disk gyroscope fabricated with a single-crystal lithium niobate (LN) wafer has been developed for inertial navigation systems for localization during automated driving. LN has a high electromechanical coupling coefficient and a resonator made of a low-cost single-crystal wafer shows a high quality factor, which is suitable for high-performance vibratory gyroscopes. In this study, its crystallographic anisotropies in both in elastic and piezoelectric properties were considered to realize mode matching in the two-wine-glass-mode vibration of a disk resonator. We chose a 155°-Y-cut LN wafer because we found that its elastic compliance is uniform in any in-plane direction. Its anisotropic piezoelectric properties were considered to optimize the electrode design to oscillate the wine-glass modes efficiently. A 25.8-mm-diameter, 330-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-thick disk resonator with 16 electrodes on each side was designed and fabricated by photolithography and grinding. The as-fabricated LN disk resonator was successfully oscillated in two wine-glass modes with a small frequency split of 0.7% at 95 kHz resonant frequency. Gyroscope operation was successful and the scale factor was <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$0.35~\mu \text{V}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>/°/s without any preamplifier. [2021-0022]


Objective To analyze all papers published in Chinese Journal of Health Education from 2000 to 2004, including following indicators: number of papers, sorts of columns, number of references, number of self-citation references, information of authors, and so on. The aim was to provide proofs for organizing manuscripts, editing and developing of the journal. Methods All papers published in Chinese Journal of Health Education for the late five years were collected and analyzed. Results During the late five years, 2107 papers were published. The number of papers from primary level and short papers was in the first place. The number of assays was 228, increasing yearly, but had no statistic differences among different years. Most authors were from 30 to 50 years of age. The professional titles and academic careers of authors were rising yearly, and had significant differences among different years. Conclusion The number of essays published in Chinese Journal of Health Education was increasing yearly, and the professional titles and academic careers of authors were obviously rising.


Introduction: In this study we investigated the clinical utility of single fiber conduction velocity (SF‐CV) testing in the evaluation of motor nerve function in diabetic patients with signs and symptoms of symmetrical distal sensory polyneuropathy (DSP). SF‐CV findings were compared with conventional nerve conduction studies (NCS). Methods: Twenty‐eight consecutive type 2 diabetic patients with clinically diagnosed DSP were studied. Results: SF‐CV testing of the tibial nerve was abnormal in 16 (57.1%) patients. Twelve patients with normal conventional motor NCS had abnormal findings by tibial SF‐CV. SF‐CV testing of the tibial nerve was significantly superior to all other motor NCS. Conclusions: SF‐CV testing of the tibial nerve often demonstrates motor nerve impairment in diabetic patients with sensory DSP when conventional NCS are normal. Muscle Nerve 49: 84–89, 2014


3D printing processes employed in soft tissue engineering are rapidly evolving and gaining commercialization for the artificial synthesis of organs and tissues to bridge the gap of the supply of organ donors and healthcare systems worldwide. This article intends to analyze the current use of Industry 4.0 enabling technologies viz; cloud manufacturing, Internet of Medical Things, soft robotics, and cyber-physical system in tissue engineering from the perspective of the development of soft tissue using novel biomaterials, different approaches/techniques involving 3D printing, benefit to society, and supply chain management. A systematic literature review is conducted on the dataset of Scopus indexed scientific literature since inception, which provides insights on critical concepts, present status, research frontiers and possible adoption challenges. This article provides managerial significance to the business managers and practitioners in terms of latest research developments, strategy formulation, opting of best business model, cause-effect relationships, and help the organizations to focus for achieving a path of circular economy, simulation, collaboration, monitoring, prediction, and optimized production planning and control, stimuli-response traits and biodegradability of biomaterials, efficiency, reliability and safety of scaffolds, and faster development by way of smart manufacturing.


In Nathan Kimmel, Inc. v. DowElanco, the Ninth Circuit expanded the federal preemption power by allowing the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) to preempt a claim for intentional interference with a prospective economic advantage. Kimmel claimed that DowElanco provided fraudulent labeling information to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), the agency responsible for approving pesticide labels under FIFRA, which prevented Kimmel from selling a pesticide product. The court held that Kimmel's state tort claim would interfere with the EPA's administration of FIFRA, and was therefore preempted. The ruling enlarges FIFRA's preemptive scope, making it more difficult for plaintiffs to recover from pesticide-related claims.


Notre-Dame de Bouxière, Cerfroid, to name a few, she provides a multidimensional and cross-cultural approach to the function of the animal and by extension the significance of the legend to the medieval audience. Chapter Four extends her argument into the realm of romances, where she analyzes the function of the hunt of the white stag. There are four selected texts, the lai Guigemar of Marie de France and the hunt for the white stag in the writings of Chrétien de Troyes, Hartmann von Aue, and Gottfried von Strassburg (Tristan und Isolde). Other than the foundational legends, Leonie Franz finds that the fictionality of the romance genre supports a narrative flow that is not interrupted by the appearance of the animal. The existence of the stag does not need an explanation, unlike in the retro-fictional "historical" legend where the appearance is explained as a divine miracle. Therefore, Franz concludes that the genre gives a secularized meaning and function to the motif, whereas the foundational legend extends the fictional account beyond the boundaries of the narrative in order to gain status and historicity. One of the many strengths of Franz's analysis is her cross-cultural approach to these foundational legends, pointing to the shared motifs, not hindered by linguistic or political borders. Furthermore, her observations are not limited to one genre, instead she also reaches into the realms of romance and epic, showing that the function of foundational animals not only bear significance in a historical and religious context but also have cultural valence in different settings. This book presents a scope of scholarship that is useful to scholars in its overview, detailed analysis, and comprehensive outline of various foundational legends in medieval culture. Tina Boyer Wake Forest University


Preliminary conceived as part of a wider and systematic study on the thought of young Nietzsche, the present article aim to analyze the status of language in the aesthetic philosophy of Nietzsche, namely that which is presented in the preparatory and posthumous works and fragments of The Birth of Tragedy . As it should be noted, my analysis, endorsed by importants studies of secondary literature, aimed at a keen, and yet not exhaustive, gradual reconstruction of the tripartite: tonal language ( Tonsprache ), language-of-gesture ( Geberdensprache ) and language-of-word ( Wortsprache ). This, in order to elucidate the origin, development and extinction of the Greek tragedy.


This paper is aimed at the security problems of elevator system.Fuzzy fault tree analytic method is applied to study the reliability of the elevator system.First of all, the elevator system is divided into four subsystems, and then the paper take elevator fall accident as the top event as a example, applying the ascending method for qualitative analysis to find out 7 minimum cut sets in the fault tree and 15 bottom event structure importance sorting. Finally, the fuzzy fault interval probability come out through introducing the concept of fuzzy number in fuzzy set theory, using the triangular fuzzy number to describe the probability of basic event occurrence in the fault tree, making an quantitative interval probability calculation in middle events and top events in the fault tree..The results show that the fuzzy fault tree is an effective and practical method for reliability analysis when we are difficult or unable to obtain the accurate probability of bottom events in terms of the elevator system. Compared with the traditional method of fault tree, the calculated result is more scientific and reasonable, closer to the engineering practice.


A position pin (20) is pushed down by an effort applied on a control button (27) to disengage the position pin (20) from a position plate (18) when a selector lever is to be moved from a parking position to other gear positions. A bushing (28) is mounted on a post (14) of the selector lever for rotation but against axial movement. The bushing has at the upper end a pair of diameterically opposed notches (29) with which the position pin is engaged when pushed down to effect the above disengagement. When an ignition key is at the "ON" position and the selector lever is at the parking position, the bushing is rotated into a position where the notches are misaligned with the position pin unless a brake pedal is fully depressed, i.e., an effor applied on the control button for pushing the position pin downward is received by the upper end of the bushing whereby downward movement of the position pin for disengagement thereof from the position plate is prevented by the bushing and therefore it is impossible to move the selector lever from the parking position to other gear positions. In accordance with the present invention, there are further provided various safety means for preventing the positon pin from being errorneously aligned with the notches.


The linear programming (LP) bound of Delsarte can be applied to several problems in various branches of mathematics. We describe a general Fourier analytic method to get a slight improvement on this bound. We then apply our method to the problem of mutually unbiased bases (MUBs) to prove that the Fourier family F(a; b) in dimension 6 cannot be extended to a full system of MUBs.


Using dynamic rupture models, we examine the response of compliant fault zones that surround pre‐existing faults to nearby earthquakes. We find that some portions of a compliant fault zone can experience inelastic deformation due to dynamic stress perturbations, while the remaining portions deform elastically. Inelastic response of the fault zone results in sympathetic fault‐parallel motion (i.e., consistent with long‐term geologic slip) across the fault, while elastic response causes retrograde motion (i.e., opposite to long‐term geologic slip) in the static displacement field. Inelastic deformation signals along fault zones detected geodetically may be used to constrain the stress state in the crust because inelastic response occurs only when the prestress level is close to material strength, which can be measured in the laboratory.


We present a novel algorithm for deciding whether a given planar curve is an image of a given spatial curve, obtained by a central or a parallel projection with unknown parameters. The motivation comes from the problem of establishing a correspondence be- tween an object and an image, taken by a camera with unknown position and parameters. A straightforward approach to this problem consists of setting up a system of conditions on the projection parameters and then checking whether or not this system has a solution. The computational advantage of the algorithm presented here, in comparison to algorithms based on the straightforward approach, lies in a significant reduction of a number of real parameters that need to be eliminated in order to establish existence or non-existence of a projection that maps a given spatial curve to a given planar curve. Our algorithm is based on projection criteria that reduce the projection problem to a certain modification of the equivalence problem of planar curves under affine and projective transformations. To solve the latter problem we make an algebraic adaptation of signature construction that has been used to solve the equivalence problems for smooth curves. We introduce a notion of a classifying set of rational differential invariants and produce explicit formulas for such invariants for the actions of the projective and the affine groups on the plane.


Image guidance has become an integral part of radiotherapy simulation and treatment. The original concept of weekly port films for checking patient position is slowly being replaced with daily imaging for evaluating inter- and intra-fraction tumor position. 2D imaging systems utilizing stationary kilovoltage x-ray sources (2DKV) and flat-panel detectors have been successfully used for a variety of treatment sites. This allows the radiation oncologist to evaluate patient position by comparing the 2DKV image set against computer generated DRR's from the original CT planning set. 3D imaging systems allow for volumetric image analysis using cone-beam reconstruction techniques. Using an on-board kilovoltage or megavoltage imager, a real-time CT scan of the patient treatment position can be generated and compared against the original planning data set. Each 2D and 3D imaging system can be compared by evaluating several factors including the amount of time for image acquisition, real-time patient positioning capabilities, soft-tissue contrast, and patient dose considerations.


In many fields, besides information about the objects or entities that compose them, there is also information about the relationships between objects. Some of these fields are, for example, co-authorship networks and Web pages. Therefore, it is natural to search for classification techniques that take into account this information. Among these techniques are the so-called graphbased classification, which seek to classify examples taking into account the relationships between them. This paper presents the development of methods to improve the performance of graph-based classifiers by using strategies of ensembles. An ensemble classifier considers a set of classifiers whose individual predictions are combined in some way. This combined classifier usually performs better than its individual classifiers. Three techniques have been developed: the first applied for originally propositional data transformed to relational format based on graphs and the second and the third applied for data originally in graph format. The first technique, inspired by the boosting algorithm originated the Adaptive Graph-Based K-Nearest Neighbor (A-KNN). The second technique, inspired by the bagging algorithm led to three approaches of Graph-Based Bagging (BG). Finally the third technique, inspired by the CrossValidated Committees algorithm led to the Graph-Based Cross-Validated Committees (CVCG). The experiments were performed on 38 data sets, 22 datasets in propositional format and 16 in relational format. Evaluation was performed using the scheme of 10-fold stratified cross-validation and to determine statistical differences between the classifiers it was used the method proposed by Demšar (2006). Regarding the results, these three techniques improved or at least maintain the performance of the base classifiers. In conclusion, ensembles applied to graph-based classifiers have good results in the performance of them.


The authors propose a framework of a complex integrated cloud programming based system for support of activities of governmental and nongovernmental organizations and persons, which is related to management of information about traffic support, transport means, accidents and etc. (for ex. one task can be: the stages from filling of basic crash documents to final expert conclusion for the accident). Here it is shown the application of a developed part of the work, which combine the advantages (discussed in the paper) of "cloud programming", evolutionary optimization and analytical geometry for solving of mechanical tasks- in our case impact between two vehicles. The experiment is made by a developed by the authors module "Web based Genetic Algorithms Calculator", which can have many purposes and very wide usage. For the aim of our work, which is crash analysis, it has been necessary to write a special fitness function by using the analytic geometry. The screens from the experimental application are represented. The work assists the activities in the field of vehicle crash accidents investigation with different levels of ambiguities and can be used as a tool for final expert conclusions and checks.


A reduction in wall thickness, caused by corrosion, of the inner and outer surfaces of underground compressed natural gas storage wells is one of the main causes of failure. Therefore, taking wall thickness measurements is an important task during periodic inspection. This study proposes a corrosion detection technique based on the well's shape using cylindrical convex ultrasonic phased array and develops a cylindrical convex phased array probe with 512 elements. Using an example well of ∅177 × 10.36 mm, the influences of process parameters such as active aperture, focal length, gain, and gate threshold are studied. In addition, an experiment is conducted on a sample well with artificial defects for parameters optimization. Next, experimental tests are carried out on the well at the test platform according to the optimized parameters. The results show that the proposed technique is of high sensitivity and efficiency for the detection of corrosion defects and is able to detect pitting corrosion of more than ∅2 mm and line corrosion of 1 mm width.


M uch has been written about how enterprise resource planning (ERP) and supply chain management systems can optimize the supply chain within and between organizations, based on a set of pre-defined machineto-machine rules. ERP systems and supply chain management software are useful in optimizing machine-tomachine interactions about well-defined logistics and payment terms for well-defined products and services (see the April 2000 special section of Communications "ERP Experiences and Evolution," and www.i2.com). This article describes something different—how computer-based tools can enhance collaborative commerce in uncertain, risky, and previously undefined inter-company human collaboration. Collaborative commerce software, or interaction technology, coordinates human interaction in the uncertain business of inventing, designing, developing, deploying, and supporting new products and services, while negotiating the legal and financial conditions required by the transaction. Using interaction technology, the collaborations between customer and provider create real value for the customer. It is not that optimization is unimportant, but invention and innovation in the creation of custom value for the customer always requires human beings and their intuition, experience, and judgment. ERP and traditional supply chain management systems can therefore be very useful in managing the simple interactions that ensue after the high value work in collaborative commerce is done. Application-to-application technologies, such as supply chain software and ERP systems are algorithmic—they provide information about the present and past. Conversely, person-to-person interaction technologies provide information about the present and the future commitments people have made to do work. Interaction technologies promote trust, as people see others regularly keeping their promises. Business-to-business (B2B) exchanges are expected to provide buyers and sellers with unprecedented levels of market transparency via online exchanges, create an integrated chain of commerce by tightly linking all partners in the demand and supply chain, automate collaborations between strategic partners thus lowering the cost of inter-company transactions, and closely synchronize behavior of key partners via the Internet [9]. As early as 1988, Johnston and Lawrence [3] describe the competitive benefits of valueadded partnerships between smaller companies, Bill Welty and Irma Becerra-Fernandez MANAGING TRUST AND COMMITMENT IN COLLABORATIVE SUPPLY CHAIN RELATIONSHIPS


The need to design lightweight structures and the increased use of lightweight materials in industrial fields, have led to wide use of adhesive bonding. Recent work relating to finite element analysis of adhesively bonded joints is reviewed in this paper, in terms of static loading analysis, fatigue loading analysis and dynamic characteristics of the adhesively bonded joints. In this work fabrication of joint using Ms flat plate will be done. The joint will be made by welding, riveting and adhesive bonding process. Adhesive bond will be created by using epoxy as an adhesive material. The numerical calculation will be done for the experimental analysis. Computational analysis will be comprises of stress, buckling and vibrational analysis. Result of experimental analysis will be validating with computational analysis.


Measurements of the optical properties of evaporated films of Pd for the spectral region from 2 to 24 eV are reported for films prepared and studied in a vacuum of ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}8}$ Torr. The results are correlated with the photoemissive properties of similarly prepared samples for photon energies of 10.2 to 22.4 eV. Interband transitions are identified from the optical data at 1.3, 3.6, 15.2, and 20.5 eV. Pronounced peaks appear in the energy-loss function $\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{Im}[\frac{1}{(\ensuremath{\epsilon}+1)}]$ at 7.3 eV and in $\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{Im}(\frac{1}{\ensuremath{\epsilon}})$ at 7.6 eV. Structure in the photoelectron energy-distribution curves is identified, by correlation with the optical data, as being due to the effects of interband transitions and photoelectron excitation of collective electron oscillations. The temporal dependence of the photoelectron energy distribution curves is also studied.


This paper presents an analysis of the low-cycle fatigue (LCF) process during fatigue testing of welded steel joints by thermographic investigations. Infrared thermography has been applied in the past to investigate high-cycle fatigue (HCF) of metals and welded joints, and it has been found that the thermal pattern of the specimen surface during HCF tests is characterized by three phases with a stabilized temperature. A similar thermal pattern was observed in the LCF tests. The thermal increments during the LCF life were correlated to the hysteresis loops derived from the traditional procedure and the experimental results confirm that there is a correlation between the stable hysteresis loops and the stabilized temperature. Moreover, the LCF behavior of welded joints was compared to that of the base material.


Motivated by Bratteli diagrams of Approximately Finite Dimensional (AF) C-algebras, we consider diagrammatic representations of separable L1-predual spaces and show
that, in analogy to a result in AF C-algebra theory, in such spaces, every M-ideal corresponds
to directed sub diagram. This allows one, given a representing matrix of a L1-predual
space, to recover a representing matrix of an M-ideal in X. We give examples where the
converse is true in the sense that given an M-ideal in a L1-predual space X, there exists a
diagrammatic representation of X such that the M-ideal is given by a directed sub diagram
and an algorithmic way to recover a representing matrix of M-ideals in these spaces. Given
representing matrices of two L1-predual spaces we construct a representing matrix of their
injective tensor product.


Inflammatory rheumatic diseases are a debilitating disease affecting the joints and periarticular structures and leading, more or less rapidly, to cartilage and bone destruction. It is a major source of chronic pain and physical, psychological, and social disability, it affect approximately 1% of the world's population [1]. For more than 20 years, biotherapies have revolutionized the treatment of these inflammatory diseases and have largely contributed to the improvement of their prognosis [2]. Adherence to biologic therapies conditions the effectiveness of the treatments then the improvement of patients' quality of life [3].To evaluate and compare adherence to biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (bDMARDs) according to the route of administration and the molecule used (Infliximab, Tocilizumab, Etanercept, Adalimumab, Certolizumab, and Golimumab) in patients with inflammatory rheumatic diseases.This is a descriptive cross-sectional study with repeated data collection, bi-centric carried out in the rheumatology departments and outpatient clinics at Charles Nicolle Hospital and Rabta Hospital in Tunis and conducted over a period of 01 year and 02 months between 02/02/2021 and 30/04/2022. 71 adult patients with rheumatoid arthritis, spondyloarthritis or juvenile idiopathic arthritis were recruited, their adherence rate in the last 3 months before inclusion should be ≥80%. The collection of socio-demographic, clinical and therapeutic data was established with the help of a pre-established form, from medical files completed by questioning the patients during a direct interview or through a telephone communication. Adherence rate was calculated by determining the ratio of treatments cures (number of biologic injections taken during a year divided by the number of annual biologic injections prescribed).Within the study population, adherence was estimated at 85.9%; in the group of patients using intravenous biotherapy was 82.1% (Infliximab 86%, Tocilizumab 75% p=0.04) and in the group of patients using subcutaneous treatment was 89.9% (Golimumab 94%, Etanercept 92%, Certolizumab 89%, Adalimumab 87% p=0.3). Adherence to biologic therapy was significantly higher in the subcutaneous group than in the intravenous group (p=0.01). The causes of poor adherence presented by the patients in this study were: stock-outs of biological treatment and delay in renewal by the national health insurance (CNAM) in thirty-eight cases (54%p<0.001), intercurrent infections in thirty-three cases (46% p=0.005) and the COVID 19 pandemic and its consequences in thirty patients (42%,p=0.28).Adherence to biologic treatment is influenced by the route of administration, drugs type, intercurrent infections and drugs availability. All this factors must be treated to improve therapeutic adherence then the efficiency of the biologic therapy which conditions the preservation of physical capacities and an improvement in the quality of life.[1]Adhésion médicamenteuse et représentations des patients atteints de rhumatisme inflammatoire chronique sous biothérapie: étude ADREP'RI.: 84. Betegnie AL.[2]2015 American College of Rheumatology Guideline for the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis. Arthritis Rheumatol. Singh JA, Saag KG, Bridges SL, Akl EA et al. janv 2016;68(1):1‑26.[3]Adherence to biologic DMARD therapies in rheumatoid arthritis. Expert Opin Biol Ther. Koncz T, Pentek M, Brodszky V, Ersek K, Orlewska E, Gulacsi L. sept 2010;10(9):1367‑78.[4]Adherence of rheumatoid arthritis patients to biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs: a cross-sectional study. Mena-Vazquez N, Manrique-Arija S, Yunquera-Romero L, Ureña-Garnica I, Rojas-Gimenez et al.. Rheumatol Int [Internet]. oct 2017 [cité 30 oct 2022];37(10):1709‑18.[5]Adherence to Anti-Tumor Necrosis Factor Therapy Administered Subcutaneously and Associated Factors in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis. Salaffi F, Carotti M, Di Carlo M, Farah S, Gutierrez M. J Clin Rheumatol. déc 2015;21(8):419‑25.NIL.None Declared.


The phenomenon of organised crime in Poland is not, contrary to frequently expressed views, characteristic only of the situation that arose after 1990. Considering historical sources, one can refer to well-organised groups of criminals who committed crimes in medieval Poland. Criminal associations characterised by a certain hierarchy and structure threatened the safety of travellers, carried out attacks on villages and were a threat to urban residents. During the partitions, organised criminal structures occurred mainly in the Russian and Austrian partition. In judicial chronicles, there were perpetrators creating bandit groups and strong structures of pickpockets as well as those dealing with various types of economic fraud and extortion. The problem of organised crime intensifi ed after regaining independence in 1918. The inconsistency of the legal system and weak institutions of public order protection created great opportunities for both criminal offences and economic crimes. From the 1920s, large expenditures on the development of modern economic areas (Gdynia, the Central Industrial District) became a temptation for well-organised groups to take advantage of the situation for their own benefi t. Within the structures of law protection institutions, no specialised unit for fi ghting criminal groups was created until 1939. Central and local cells of the investigative service mainly dealt with organised gangs. After the Second World War, the shaping of the criminal environment was fi rst infl uenced by huge groups of inhabitants displaced from the former Polish eastern borderlands, the general expansion caused by military operations, and ineffective law enforcement agencies. Thus, initially, the most powerful organised groups were those of criminal character. The separation of the Polish economy from open markets and economic imbalance caused the emergence of various organised crime gangs committing economic crimes ranging from smuggling and illegal trade in foreign exchange to large criminal groups at the interface between the socialised and private economy. Within the militia, which was responsible for combatting criminal offences until 1990, no units specialised in the fi ght against organised crime did not come into their own. As part of their competence, the criminal investigation department, in particular, the fraud squad and investigative service, dealt with organised crime.


After a brief introduction to the broad field of perinatology, a description of one neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) is provided, focusing upon the microecology of the work setting, the language of NICU nursing and the "special nature" of the role of the NICU nurse within a new medical environment. The idea is advanced, based upon preliminary research data, that nurses within the environment so described construct symbolic selves for their tiny, premature, and sometimes critically ill patients and then interact with them on the basis of that construction. Through anthropomorphism and projection, the nurses engage in active attribution of symbolic characteristics to their charges. This unique type of symbolic interaction can impact the well‐being and recovery potential of the patients.


39 Vehicle Routing Problems (VRPs) are a widely investigated class of problems in combinatorial optimisation, and include many transportation tasks (eg parcel services). In general, a VRP consists of a set of customers that must be served via a fleet of vehicles, each of which leaves from and returns to a central depot. The type of VRP determines whether customers have goods delivered to them, are transported from one location to another, or are served in some other way. U Us si in ng g G GI IS S f fo or r R Re ea al l-W Wo or rl ld d I In np pu ut t D Da at ta a In research, most solution techniques for this class of problem are designed and tested by means of synthetic problem structures. However, the tackling of real-world VRPs requires a thoroughly elaborated data basis in order to provide reasonable outcomes. If this is not the case, even the best solution techniques are of no use for practical applications. Essential input data for real-world VRPs is gathered by using Geographic Information Systems (GIS). Whereas most researchers use Euclidean distances between customers and depots for their optimisation algorithms, a GIS can provide real distance information derived from a digital road network. Experiences in former projects showed that using distance data of limited quality in optimisation algorithms leads to results of even more limited quality. In the worst case, a valid solution for a given input dataset might actually be unfeasible in reality. To get distance information of sufficient quality, the most detailed street network commercially available for the considered region should be used. Unfortunately static distance information from a digital road network does not correlate directly with real travel times because of dynamic influences like traffic jams, road works and weather conditions. Travel times also depend on parameters such as driving style and vehicle type, which are particularly hard to quantify. E Em mp pi ir ri ic ca al l E Ev va al lu ua at ti io on n o of f T Tr ra av ve el l T Ti im me es s In a former project, the quality of calculated driving times was evaluated by comparing them with actual driving times for 91 trips within a range of 20 to 250 kilometres in eastern Austria. The average, maximum, minimum and standard deviation of actual …


Self-Initiated expatriates are strategically valuable human resources for many universities, and because of talent shortages in many emerging economies there is an increasing demand for culturally flexible academic staff. For these reasons the objective of the study is to explores the cultural processes through which proactive personality, motivation for expatriation and cultural intelligence influences the expatriates' behavior. Data were collected from self-initiated expatriates; i.e. foreign academics working in public universities in major cities in Peninsular Malaysia. Results showed that cultural intelligence of foreign academics' dimension of career capital significantly influence both career satisfaction and job performance. Further, this research found that cultural intelligence significantly affects the ability of the expatriate academic to adjust to host culture. This research concludes with future research directions and limitations.


Abstract The findings in the study suggest "reading-as-the-reader" can improve 5th- and 9th-grade writers' ability to compose descriptive writing consistent with their readers' informational needs. Participants included: 154 writers (78 fifth-graders and 76 ninth-graders) and 52 ninth-grade readers. The study adapted the referential communication design from Traxler and Gernsbacher (1992, 1993) to investigate whether young writers can benefit from a specific perspective-taking condition as they compose and revise their descriptions of tangrams over three separate writing sessions. Three conditions were contrasted: a feedback-only condition, a "rating other" condition, and a "reading-as-the-reader" condition. Readers' correct description-to-tangram matches made for each of three sessions served as the dependent measure. Repeated measures analysis revealed that both the 5th- and the 9th-graders showed consistent significant improvement under the "read-as-the-reader" condition when revising their essays and when drafting anew (F(4,296) = 2.96, p=.019). The results indicate that when young writers engage in a process that mirrors their readers' experiences, they can more accurately revise their descriptive writing to meet their readers' informational needs. A qualitative analysis of the writers' reflection comments completed at the end of the experiment found that reading-as-the-reader was a positive task that enabled students to consider descriptive strategies and the interpretive effect that their descriptions had on their readers. An analysis of the readers' reflections on their experiences revealed that readers were assisted most if the writer included in his or her descriptions a familiar "global" analogy, with additional specific spatial language that describes the internal organization and spatial orientation of the tangram figure.


The objectives of this research are to know and analyze: (1) the simultaneous effects of compentency, compensation and organizational culture on lecturer's performance at private higher degree schools in Palu, (2) partial effect of competency on lecturer's performance, (3) partial effect of compensation on lecturer's performance, (4) partial effect of organizational culture on lecturer's performance at private higher degree school in Palu.  This is a survey research using descriptive method. Sample of this research involves 66 lecturers in private higher degree schools in Palu. Multiple linear regressions have been used as analysis statistical tool. The result shows that: (1) simultaneously competency, compensation an organizational culture perform significant effects on lecturer's performance at private higher degree schools in Palu, (2) partially, compentency performs significant effect on lecturer's performance, (3) compensation performs significant effect on lecturer's performance, (4) organizational culture performs significant effect on lecturer's performance at private higher degree schools in Palu. Key words: competency, compensation, organizational culture, performance


5 hawthorn cultivars, Huangmian, Shangkou, Zuofu 3, Xingshiliu and Tianshui, were taken as materials for studying the dynamic changes of mineral elements in fruit and pigments in fruit skin during fruit development process. Result showed that the contents of chlorophyll increased first, then decreased quickly, but the carotenoid decreased straight on during fruit development. Except the Huanmian cultivar, the contents of anthocyanin increased largely during fruit colouring period. The content of N in Tianshui and Xingshiliu cultivars was significantly negatively correlated with the anthocyanin content, but there were no significant correlativity in the other cultivars. The content of Ca in Tianshui, Shangkou and Xingshiliu cultivars was significantly negatively correlated with the anthocyanin content, but no correlativity in Zuofu 3 and Huangmian cultivars noted. It was also noted that there was no obvious relationship between content of Fe and anthocyanin in Zuofu 3 and Huangmian cultivars. The content of K in all the cultivars have no significant correlativity with content of anthocyanin.


Gamma irradiation, which is a mutagen used in vegetable and crop plant breeding is expected to induce novel mutations and alteration agents in developing a genetic variety. The objective of this study was to assess the vegetative growth, plant hormonal parameters and yield of three cultivars of potato (Solanum tuberosum L. cv Arnova, Lizeta and Safari) which were irradiated with different doses of gamma rays (0, 2.5, 5, 10, 15 and 20 Gy) respectively, using in vitro techniques. The results of the experiment showed that Arnova was significantly superior in plant height, number of leaves, microtubers fresh weight, IAA and GA hormones content. Furthermore, the microtubers reached (7.25 cm, 10.5 leaf, 0.4 g, 0.673 μg.g-1 and 1.3 μg.g-1 in microtubers) respectively per plant. The total yield per plant and the percentage representing the number of tubers with the size 1.5-2 cm, reached (9.3, 26.56, 6.34 % and 47 %) respectively. However, Lizeta significantly differed from Arnova and Safari in the total yield which reached (0.72, 0.55, and 0.62 g) respectively. The gamma radiation (2.5 Gy) increased the average plant height significantly, and the number of shoots and tubers were determined to have a significant increment ratio (1.86 %, 19.04 %) which was the average compared to the control treatment. The interaction of the Arnova and 2.5 Gy was significantly superior in the total yield reaching (0.9 g per explant), while Lizeta at 2.5 Gy significantly superior in a number of tubers reaching 2.8 tubers per explant. From the previous results, the best growth was observed in the total yield of microtubers at the dose 2.5 Gy in Arnova or Lizeta cultivar.


Examination of a small collection of Oniscidea from Costa Rica revealed the presence of two species new to science (Ischioscia martinae sp.nov. and Scleropactes talamancensis sp.nov.). Further spec...


As every part of the crust of the earth has at one time been the surface, it follows that all questions connected with the origin of the present "form of the ground" must be very impotant, and that on their issue the progress of Geology must in a great measure depend. But on this subject a very wide difference of opinion at present exists. According to one party, consisting of Professor Ramsay, Mr. Jukes, Mr. Geikie, Colonel Greenwood, Dr. Foster, and others, the more abrupt inequalities of the earth's surface have been produced by subaërial or atmospheric causes. According to the other school, embracing Sir Charles Lyell, Sir Roderick Murchison, Professors Sedgwick and Phillips, Mr.Edward Hull, etc., the sea has been the principal denuding or excavating agent.


This article describes about microwave oven, a health hazardous device, used as cooking appliance as compared to induction cooker. Microwaves travel at the speed of light and it is very short waves of electromagnetic energy. There is a magnetron tube in microwave ovens. In the magnetron tube electrons are exaggerated by electric fields and magnetic fields in such a way that micro wavelength emission of about 2.45 GHz frequency is created. The interaction between the microwave emission and food molecules, changes the molecular structure of the food particles and also deteriorates the food value. On the other hand, in the induction cooker only heat radiation is generated. The heat produced in the base metal of an induction cooking pan, which is generated by the flow of eddy current, is transferred to the food via conduction process. The other characteristics of induction cooker are faster response and high reliability. It is also compact in size. Again there is no chance of shock hazard and no combustion waste is produced in this process. Besides these merits of induction cooker, it is also cost effective than microwave oven.


Assembly line production is one of the widely used production systems. The problem of Assembly Line Balancing deals with the distribution of activities among the workstations which lead to the maximum utilization of Human Resources and facilities without disturbing the work sequence. The problem is motivated by a vehicle-sequencing problem at an Automobile company, Gurugram. A new Heuristic Method i.e. RPW Method and Genetic algorithm techniques(hybrid method) for the Type-I of Multi Product of Assembly Line Balancing Problem(MALBP) have been used. The hybrid method has been developed which is based on the heuristic rules and formulae. The programme is coded in C#(C Sharp). The hybrid method was gave good solutions for straight line balancing problem. The present work of case study provided new knowledge to develop a better tool of assembly line balancing to solve real world problems more efficiently at the shortest possible time and it leads to increase line efficiency and production rate by reducing the number of workstations and also reducing balance delay and smoothness index.


The stereoselectivities in the oxidation of [Co(pn)3]2+(pn = 1,2-propanediamine) by Δ-[Co(glyO)(ox)2]2–(glyO = glycinate, ox = oxalate) and in ion-association of (lel)3- and (ob)3-[Co(pn)3]3+ with the same anionic complex are observed to be dependent on the chelate-ring conformation and are indications of the importance of the electron-transfer step within a precursor assembly in the overall electron-transfer stereoselectivity.


Throughout the separation of chiral basic drugs by capillary electrophoresis (CE) with neutral hydroxypropyl‐β‐cyclodextrin (HP‐β‐CD) as chiral selector, the sensitivity of detection has been improved by using field‐amplified sample injection (FASI). In the present work, this on‐line stacking method has been used to detect low ng/mL levels of cationic enantiomers of a new adrenoreceptor antagonist in plasma. A systematic study of the parameters affecting on‐line concentration of these enantiomers (nature of the preinjection plug, composition of sample solvent, injection times of water and sample plugs) has been performed enabling the detection sensitivity of antagonist enantiomers to be improved by 180 times compared with usual hydrodynamic injection. The quantification of each adrenoreceptor antagonist enantiomer in plasma samples was then performed in the 2–100 ng/mL (or 8–400 nM) concentration range after a solid‐phase extraction step. Using this FASI‐CE‐UV procedure, the limit of quantification (LOQ) for each enantiomer was in the low ng/mL concentration range (3 ng/mL or 10 nM).


Development of the capacity of not for profit organisations to deliver growth in affordable housing has been an important strategic housing policy interest in Australia over the last decade. However, Australia has only a small number of not for profit organisations with recent direct experience of financing and procuring housing. In 2004, the seven largest providers had developed around 1,200 units of affordable housing over the preceding decade. At the end of 2007/08, the eleven leading providers owned over 5,440 dwellings. The latest research shows that: skills and capacity among this group are increasing; growth is accelerating; and around 30 additional providers are poised to become affordable housing developers, partly as a result of the impact of new national initiatives. This paper will examine recent innovations in the funding, policy and delivery frameworks for affordable housing across Australian jurisdictions. By comparing evidence across states and territories, the paper will attempt to discern what has been effective policy and practice, and to make a case for strategies that would be capable of supporting larger scale growth in the industry. The paper draws on recent empirical research undertaken for an AHURI funded project. The research methods included surveys of provider organisations; interviews with staff, stakeholders, partners and other key informants; group discussions with tenants of affordable housing projects; and analysis of a variety of official documents and websites of governments and relevant organisations. The primary research also included an assessment of comparable not for profit housing models in selected similarly developed countries, which can be drawn on to augment local experience.


Download http://hyperurl.co/t9a3xk .We have seen many posts regarding such accounts and plenty of people here can market it. I'm not versus it or not why must you sell something this is not yours, right? Why don't you just share it. What i'm gonna share...


Emerging persistent memory technologies (generically referred to as Storage Class Memory or SCM) hold tremendous promise for accelerating popular data-management applications like in-memory databases. However, programmers now need to deal with ensuring the atomicity of transactions on SCM-resident data and maintaining consistency between the persistent and in-memory execution orders of concurrent transactions. The problem is specially challenging when high-performance isolation mechanisms like Hardware Transaction Memory (HTM) are used for concurrency control. In this work we show how SCM-based HTM transactions can be ordered correctly using existing CPU instructions, without requiring any changes to existing processor cache hardware or HTM protocols. We describe a method that employs HTM for concurrency control and enforces atomic persistence and consistency with a novel software protocol and back-end external memory controller. In contrast, previous approaches require significant hardware changes to existing processor microarchitectures.


Although several concepts for implementing education exaggerated using blockchain technology, t agreements which are allocated ledgers carefully and thoroughly. Blockchain technology, unlike databases that are processed by certain forces that provide policies in correctness of data through real-time implementation, Blockchain is a digital data storage system containing records that are connected via cryptography. Blockchain technology has now been used by various sectors, one of which is for transactions in cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin. The benefit of the blockchain technology approach in education is that people who do not have knowledge of blockchain technology can benefit from blockchain technology, because a lot of the data generated by this sector is continuous from education to Bachelor. Blockchain, can be used as, "a machine to create high-level security and reliable security", the high level of security and efficiency of blockchain as a storage place for financial transactions and data has opened up opportunities for innovation in education as a storage for educators and students' data.


Recently the final worn shape of elastic indenters due to fretting wear was analytically solved using the method of dimensionality reduction. In this paper we extend this model to dual-motion fretting wear and take into account that the indenter is initially pressed with constant indentation depth and moved horizontally with constant displacement. Two key parameters, the maximal indentation depth during oscillation and the stick area radius in the final state as well as the liming shape of indenter are analytically calculated. It is shown that the oscillation amplitudes and the initially indented or moved displacements have an influence on the final shaking-down shape.


The article examines the theoretical aspects of the activities of local self-government bodies, which characterize the features and conditions for the practical implementation of forms, functions, methods, and other means and methods by which the processes of ensuring the safety of the population are managed. Priority tasks and measures to ensure security related to the activities of local executive bodies were analyzed.
It was noted that the performance of functions related to ensuring the safety of the population by local executive bodies is influenced by the forms of their activity, which are fixed in normative legal acts. This is due to the diverse content of the executive branch's activities. The forms of activity of the executive power bodies, according to their purpose, have an organizational, authoritative, official legal consolidation in the relevant normative legal acts, which establish the competence of a specific executive power body. The national legislation of Ukraine, which regulates social relations in the sphere of public security by executive power bodies at the national and local levels, is analyzed.
The conclusions suggest a number of approaches aimed at improving the activities of local self-government bodies to ensure public safety. In particular, an important element of the activity of local executive bodies in the sphere of ensuring public safety is its normative legal regulation, the purpose of which should cover a wide «safe space» of relations to which the powers of executive bodies extend. In addition, linguistic and legal approaches in explaining the meaning of terms that characterize the activities of local executive bodies in the field of public safety have a positive effect on the practical implementation of measures aimed at ensuring public safety. It is noted that the administrative-jurisdictional activity of the executive authorities has a fairly broad entrenchment in the administrative legislation of Ukraine, but it remains «soviet» in content, which is an obstacle to legal influence on the regulation of relations in the security sphere, which by its political, social, economic, ideological content has a different content.


This paper attempts to introduce the artificial neural network (ANN) principles in the development of an ANN based field oriented control (FOC) of an induction motor. A two-layer ANN has been trained offline to estimate the slip, the direct and the quadrature current commands that are to be used in implementing an indirect FOC scheme. Simulation work indicates the feasibility of this approach as an alternative to the conventional approach, and the practical considerations for implementing this network on a DSP development system are discussed. This paper also proposes a method for estimation and adaptation of the rotor time constant of indirect FOCs. Simulation results show excellent potentials of the proposed scheme.


The number of free Fc receptors (FcR) per cell and the association constant (Kass) for the binding of monomeric IgG were determined for monocyte‐enriched peripheral blood mononuclear cells, isolated from 16 patients with active classical rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and from 15 normal healthy donors. The assay system was based on binding under equili brium conditions of 125I‐labelled monomeric rabbit IgG to monocytes purified from peripheral blood on a continuous gradient of Petcoll. Monocytes from 14 untreated RA patients (6 seropositive, 8 seronegative) expressed on the average 4.8±1.3 × 104 FcR/cell. This number was significantly higher (P<0.01) than that found in the control group (3.46±0.7 × 104 FcR/cell). There was also a significant difference between the mean Kass of the RA group and the control group‐2.1±0.7 × 1031/mol and 2.6±1.0 × 103 1/mol, respectively (0.05 >P> 0.01). Two seropositive RA patients receiving systemic treatment with penicillamine expressed the same number of FcR/cell as the mean of the control group (3.6 ± 104). Levels of circulating immune complexes (CIC) and of the complement‐factor C3 split product C3d were also measured. No correlation was found between the number of FcR/cell and the concentration of C3d, but there was a weak correlation between the number of FcR/ccll and the level of CIC.


Malaysia being an oil-producing country has a vast amount of other natural resources that has not been used efficiently. In regard to focusing more in producing oil and gas, natural resources such as sunlight, water, wind, geothermal and gravity have not received a huge recognition by the government. Although hydroelectric power has been up and coming in the energy policies to promote power production in a sustainable way, other means of gravity power generation mechanism were not reviewed for this country, due to the lack of knowledge in this particular field. Gravity power generation mechanism can be of small scale which can actually fit in properly in areas that are off-the-grid. Hence, literature must be reviewed to discover the different type of gravity power generation mechanisms and run viability studies to implement the right system that offers sustainable energy production in rural parts of Malaysia. This review paper will analyze the feasibility of two systems in Malaysia, by assessing the viability of these system through the Malaysian economic, social, environmental, and sustainable standards.


Despite the Fukushima accident it is undeniable that nuclear power remains one of the most important methods to handle global growth of economic/energy consumption and issues with greenhouse gases. If the demand for nuclear power increases, the demand for not only the generation of power but also for refining uranium (U), conversion, enrichment, re-conversion, and fuel manufacturing should increase. In addition, concerns for the proliferation of 'Sensitive Nuclear Technologies' (SNT) should also increase. We propose a demand-side approach, where nuclear fuel cycle (NFC) activities would be implemented among multiple states. With this approach, NFC services, in particular those using SNTs, are multilaterally executed and controlled, thereby preventing unnecessary proliferation of SNTs, and enabling safe and appropriate control of nuclear technologies and nuclear materials. This proposal would implement nuclear safety and security at an international level and solve transport issues for nuclear fuels. This proposal is based on 3 types of cooperation for each element of NFC: type A: cooperation for 3S only, services received; Type B: cooperation for 3S, MNA (Multilateral Nuclear Activities) without transfer of ownership to MNA; and Type C cooperation for 3S, MNA holding ownership rights. States involved in the 3 types of activity should be referredmore » to as partner states, host states, and site states respectively. The feasibility of the proposal is discussed for the Asian region.« less


Purpose - This paper seeks to research potential evidence of capital market irregularities by scrutinizing whether the IPO (Initial Public Offering) phenomenon can be found in Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs). Design/methodology/approach - The study employs stock price data of 90 US REITs and derives their performance on the first trading day, but also on a one-, three-, and five-year basis. Findings - The primary offerings puzzle frequently observed in traditional IPOs is a market imperfection that also exists for REITs from 1991 to 2008. REITs display, on average, both significant first trading day under-pricing and negative aftermarket performance, predominantly on a five-year basis. Research limitations/implications - The research at hand offers evidence that stock irregularities can be found within the US REIT industry, albeit these do not necessarily serve as evidence against efficient markets. Notwithstanding the fact that it may be difficult to exploit the abnormal performance on the first day, investors can nonetheless earn substantial profits by shorting IPO stocks on a long-term basis. Even net of transaction costs, such a strategy should have a positive abnormal return. However, these investments have to be executed cautiously as the profitability of such a strategy has to pay attention to the reputation of the underwriter, the cycle in which the IPO takes place and various other important factors. Originality/value - The research at hand offers evidence that REIT market irregularities oppose underlying rational human behavior.


The title compound, [Fe(C5H5)(C9H11O2)], was prepared and characterized by spectroscopic methods and crystal structure determination. The average values of the bond distances between the C atoms in the cyclopentadienyl rings are 1.422 (3) A in the substituted and 1.404 (4) A in the unsubstituted ring. The Fe—C bond distances range from 2.036 (2) to 2.061 (2) A and the bond angles in both rings range from 107.1 (2) to 108.9 (2)°. The cyclopentadienyl rings are almost parallel and deviate only slightly from the eclipsed conformation. The molecules are connected into dimers by very weak C—H⋯O intermolecular hydrogen bonds.


Disclosed herein is a method of using the tissue removal device and such a method for treating spinal disorders. The tissue removal device may comprise an expandable element having a cable, and / or collapsed configuration photons and deployment configuration. As the support element is forced laterally when the expandable element is expanded distally to its deployed configuration, cable and / or expandable element can be supported and limited distally by the supporting element. Annular cutting element may be provided around the distal end of the expandable element of the support element. Not only how to use the tissue removal device having an expandable element and a support element coupled by an annular cutting element to treat spinal disorders, herein also various configurations of the expandable elements and support elements It is described. .FIELD 42A


Arteriosclerosis. Thrombosis of Iliac Arteries.-J. B. KINMONTH, M.S., F.R.C.S. G. H., male, aged 50; a plumber. History.-Twelve years' intermittent claudication in both calves, gradually becoming worse. The right leg is worse than the left and has almost continuous rest pain with numbness and coldness in the foot. State on admission in December 1949.-Erythrocyanosis of right foot which was colder than the left. Moderate postural colour changes in right foot. Pulses absent below the femoral artery on both sides. Straight X-ray.-Calcification in anterior and posterior tibial arteries of both sides.


A green gross domestic product (Green GDP) system, which illustrates the interrelationship between the natural environment and the economy, will be taken as an important indicator in evaluating the work performances of local governments. According to the prevent study of Green GDP accounting, this study presents the main factor which must be regard when exchange GDP to Green GDP, and gives a primary result of Green GDP of Hainan Province in 2003,which is 537.22× 108yuan ,which is 23.1% lower than GDP. It shows that 23.1% of Hainan Province GDP in 2003 was based on resources reduce, ecological degrade and environmental pollution. According to Green GDP, the economic development rate of Hainan Province is –14.0% instead of 10.5%. In order to give a just and right assessment of the achievement of local government, the author gives the frame of Green GDP frame of Hainan Province, and discusses its possibility to use Green GDP to assess the achievement of local government.


Automatic text categorisation systems is a type of software that every day it is receiving more interest, due not only to its use in documentaries environments but also to its possible application to tag properly documents on the Web. Many options have been proposed to face this subject using statistical approaches, natural language processing tools, ontologies and lexical databases. Nevertheless, there have been no too many empirical evaluations comparing the influence of the different tools used to solve these problems, particularly in a multilingual environment. In this paper we propose a multi-language rule-based pipeline system for automatic document categorisation and we compare empirically the results of applying techniques that rely on statistics and supervised learning with the results of applying the same techniques but with the support of smarter tools based on language semantics and ontologies, using for this purpose several corpora of documents. GENIE is being applied to real environments, which shows the potential of the proposal.


In Nigeria, the Lassa Fever outbreak of 2015 had been persistent up till the present (end of 2019), with significant mortality and morbidity. The epidemiology of Lassa Fever is gradually changing towards assuming an endemic dimension despite several evidence-based efforts taken by stakeholders towards disease control. Several challenges militate against prevention and control efforts. These are related to environmental and climatic factors, poor knowledge risk perception and preventive practices among community members and health care workers, poor diagnosis and treatments of the disease. It is doubtful that Nigeria could successfully win the war against Lassa Fever without surmounting the challenges identified in this review article. The efforts to curtail Lassa Fever would yield significant reduction in prevalence if these challenges militating against prevention and control are removed. This would require collaborative efforts among all stakeholders that are relevant to this task, and Governments creating an enabling environment for prevention and control efforts to thrive.


PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a differential pressure detection element excellent in a symmetry of sensitivity to a pressure application direction.SOLUTION: A differential pressure detection element 10 includes: a cantilever part 12 having piezoresistance layers 121, 122; electrodes 13, 14 electrically connected to the piezoresistance layers 121, 122; and a lower substrate 11 having a first through hole 112 and supporting the cantilever part 12 and the electrodes 13, 14. The cantilever part 12 is cantilevered with the lower substrate 11 so as to protrude to the first through hole 112, the differential pressure detection element 10 also includes a glass member 15 laminated on a principal surface 111 of the lower substrate 11, and the glass member 15 includes a second through hole 151 having substantially the same opening shape as an opening shape of the first through hole 112 and arranged to face the first through hole 112.


High-throughput studies of biological systems are rapidly generating a wealth of 'omics'-scale data. Many of these studies are temporal collecting proteomics and genomics data capturing dynamic observations. While temporal omics data are essential to unravel the mechanisms of various diseases, they often include missing (or incomplete) values due to technical and experimental reasons. Data prediction methods, i.e., imputation and forecasting, have been widely used to mitigate these issues. However, existing imputation and forecasting techniques typically address static omics data representing a single time point and perform forecasting on data with complete values. In this paper, we propose a graph-based method for temporal omics data imputation and forecasting that handle omics data containing missing values at multiple time points. The method takes advantage of topological relationships (e.g., protein-protein and gene-gene interactions) among omics data samples and incorporates a graph convolutional network to first infer the missing values at different time points. Then, we combine these inferred values with the original omics data to perform temporal imputation and forecasting using a long short-term memory network. Evaluating the proposed method on two real-world datasets demonstrated a distinct advantage over existing data imputation and forecasting methods. On the omics dataset, the average mean square error of our method improved 11.3% for imputation and 6.4% for forecasting compared to the baseline methods.


Elevated tracks for electromagnetic high-speed systems are specially subject to dynamic loading as well as static loading, so that the fullest possible consideration of the loading under actual operating conditions is essential to ensure adequate dimensioning of the track. The examples considered here stem mostly from the new support and drive techniques. The aim was to systematically derive practical track models by combining well-known vibration theory principles and to show their capacity and accuracy. The basis for this was provided by the relationships of the coupled oscillator theory for dimensioning the foundation-and-support configuration as well as the Bermoulli-Euler beam theory for dimensioning the girder elements. The characteristic quantities of the models were so chosen that different track types could be examined without the need for much alteration to the basic models. A further advantage of the model system chosen lay in the evaluation of the dynamical equations; for this there are already adapted standard programmes. But the main advantage is the clear representation of the dimensioning track characteristics, so that the necessary investigations during safety checks can be made without involved calculations and with an accuracy which is sufficient for practical purposes.


This meta-analysis synthesized 60 effect sizes from 41 papers (overall N = 17.226), about the relation between self-efficacy beliefs and creativity. Taken as a whole, the relation between those two constructs, assuming a random-effects model, is with r = .39 of medium size, as was proposed. Further subgroup analyses revealed a pattern of self-rated creativity measures (r = .53) those which use items (r = .43) or focus on the creative person (r = .47) correlate much higher with self-efficacy scales than scores for divergent thinking tests (r = .23), actual performance measures (verbal measurements, r = .27; figural measurement, r = .19) or with focus on the creative product (r = .32) or process (r = .27). So the relation between self-efficacy and creativity is very much dependent on the measurement used in the study, emphasizing the need to explicitly separate creativity measures according to what they actually focus on. Efficacy scales differed in their focus, whether they assessed general self-efficacy beliefs, creative self-efficacy or creative-self-efficacy with focus on a special domain (e.g. math, science). However, those levels did not reveal any clear differences concerning their relation to creativity measures. All results are independent from the sample of the studies (considering type of sample, age and sex), country of origin, as well as the environment of assessment. Conceptual implications are discussed, likewise limitations, pitfalls and critics concerning both concepts and the method of the meta-analysis itself. (Less)


This study aimed to conduct a meta‐analysis by synthesising the outcomes of studies that investigated the relationship between type 1 diabetes (T1D) and salivary flow rate (SFR), salivary pH (SpH), salivary buffer capacity (SBC), streptococcus Mutans (SM), and lactobacillus (LB) counts.


Material The data were collected from the hospital records for the years 1965 to i969. During the first half of the period the hospital with its eighty beds was situated in Jordan and drew patients from all over the Middle East and beyond, but since June, x967, it has been in the territory annexed by Israel. Some patients continued to come from Arab countries by Red Cross permit or under family reunion schemes, but most of them are now drawn from the million or so Arabs resident within Israeli-administered territory. During the 5-year period, 409 eyes were removed by enucleation (the majority), evisceration, and exenteration of the orbit (2 cases only). Data were available for more detailed analysis for only 235 of the total. As in Uganda, almost all were treated as inpatients and the indications for enucleation were similar to those accepted in Europe.


Using high permittivity ceramic substrates and capacitive coupling to miniaturize the sizes of Butterworth bandpass filters are investigated. The selectivity and stopband rejection of the designed filters can be improved significantly by utilizing a skew‐symmetric (zero degree) feed structure. These factors result in reducing the size of the filter. The responses of the Butterworth filters using Al2O3 (εr = 10, Q × f = 20,000 GHz) and 0.85(Mg0.95Zn0.05)TiO3 − 0.15Ca0.6La0.8/3TiO3 (εr = 26, Q × f = 86,000 GHz) ceramic substrates are designed at a center frequency of 2.4 GHz. The compact size, low‐loss, sharp response, and performance of the filter are presented in this article. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 1609–1613, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22533


Recently, virtual reality (VR) technology has been commonly applied in our daily life and widely used as a tool for various industries. Considering occupational injury, accidents, and medical dispute that happen frequently in the workplace nowadays, it has become a valuable key solution if we could apply VR applications sufficiently for education and trainings purposes in a simulated work environment. Under different design settings in a virtual environment (VE), e.g. user interaction interface, visual complexity, task dynamics, physical fidelity, etc., it may induce the users experiencing various scales of presence, immersion, task familiarity, and simulator sickness and further affect the user performance and simulation effectiveness. In this study, we aim to investigate how the VE users are affected by the background complexity and familiarity in their presence perception and work performance. In the experimental design, background complexity has been set for high and low levels, and the familiarity parameter has been considered based on a cultural aspect. In a first part of this study, we apply own questionnaires in interviews with participants from different cultural backgrounds for classifying the virtual objects into different culture categories. Based on the user evaluation outcome, several virtual workspaces are constructed using distinguished cultural items. Participants perform a manual manipulation task in several pre-defined VE's involving different complexity levels and with ownor unfamiliarculture settings. A pilot experiment shows that the background complexity and familiarity could affect the user performance. In the end phase of this study, we aim to investigate the user perception and behavior as well as the work performance in such a VR manual task influenced by the settings of the background environment. Findings are anticipated to bring in some important design concepts and considerations for simulating a workspace for future applications.


The drive apparatus for a motor vehicle having a differential device, by which an output power is distributed from a driving power source to a first electric motor and a transmission element, and a second electric motor disposed between the transmission element and the drive wheels, comprising: a differential operation restricting device for selectively switching the differential device in a differential state and a locked state; and wherein the differential device and the differential action limiting device are disposed between the first electric motor and the second electric motor.