The invention discloses a method for detecting influenza virus by a liquid phase chip. The method is used for carrying out homology analysis on all Non Structural nucleotide sequences of A type influenza virus and B type influenza virus as well as H1, H2, H3, H5, H7 and H9 of the A type influenza virus and hypotypes of N1 and N2, and primers and specific probes are designed aiming at the corresponding gene segments; an improved nest-PCR method is adopted for PCR amplification by using nested primers with different lengths; amination treatment is carried out the 5' end of the specific probe, and the specific probe is coupled with a fluorescent coded microballoon; incubation hybridization is carried out on the PCR amplification product and the mixed microballoon coupled with the specific probe; and finally Luminex 100 is used for detecting. The detection method has higher specificity and sensitivity as well as rapid detection speed, and can be used for indentifying and monitoring the influenza viruses.


Due to the influence of semiconductor temperature characteristics, there are a variety of heating components in the current/frequency conversion circuit, which affects the accuracy of the current/frequency conversion circuit to a certain extent. In response to the above problems, this paper studies the temperature characteristics of the current/frequency conversion circuit and its compensation methods, and proposes a temperature compensation algorithm based on a one-variable polynomial. The compensation model is verified by designing the STM32 hardware compensation circuit. The experimental results show that the compensated current/frequency conversion circuit has higher linearity, and the relative error of the output frequency after compensation has reached more than twice the accuracy compared with the original, indicating that the compensation algorithm proposed in this paper has a good compensation effect. It provides a reference for the subsequent use of STM32 for technical innovation of current/frequency converters.


During software maintenance tasks, developers often spend an important amount of effort investigating source code. This effort can be reduced if tools are available to help developers navigate the source code effectively. For this purpose, we propose to search the change history of a software system to identify clusters of program elements related to a task. We evaluated the feasibility of this idea with an extensive historical analysis of change data. Our study evaluated to what extent change sets approximating tasks could have benefited from knowledge about clusters of past changes. A study of 3500 change sets for seven different systems and covering a cumulative time span of close to 12 years of development shows that less than 12% of the changes could have benefited from change clusters. We report on our observations on the factors that influence how we can use change clusters to guide program navigation.


This article centres on the reactions of residents to a New Zealand public housing city. It found, in contrast with both popular opinion and the findings of much overseas (notably American) research, that residents responded to their dwelling and residential environment in a largely positive way—a reaction determined by the provision of mainly single-family housing, contact with neighbours and the localization of friends and kin. Dissatisfaction was greatest among residents of dwellings with densities greater than single-family housing and among "pool" housing residents: government employees living in dwellings specially set aside for them.


This paper examines an uncovered interest parity (UIP) condition that arguably held as regards the continental investment demand for London bills of exchange during the classical gold standard. At that time, practical guide books about the foreign exchanges explained in detail how exchange and interest rates were connected. For data covering the 1880 to 1914 period, modern econometric methods uncover indeed that the interest from discounting bills of exchange in the open money markets of Paris, Amsterdam, and to a large degree also Berlin, and the return from investing in London bills followed the postulated proportional relationship. This result is remarkable given the widespread rejection of the UIP with modern data.


Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine the workplace experiences of women employees during maternity and post-maternity periods to reveal the institutional order that coordinated the social relations and shaped their experiences through local and extra-local texts.

Design/methodology/approach
The institutional ethnography research framework allowed for mapping of workplace experiences of women employees during their maternity and post-maternity periods in their local context, connecting them to the invisible extra-local social relations.

Findings
The research study explored the disjuncture between the gender diversity initiatives that aimed at the inclusion of women employees and the workplace experiences of women employees in terms of work disengagement and work role degradation, including career discontinuity.

Practical implications
The gender diversity and inclusion initiatives of an organization need to examine the local and extra-local institutional texts that govern their context and coordinate social relations, such that there is no inconsistency between the intentions, implementation and outcomes.

Social implications
The state needs to revisit the maternity benefit act to provide additional measures to protect the career continuity of women, who choose maternity at some point in their work lives.

Originality/value
The paper explored the institutional order that influences the career continuity of women employees during maternity and post-maternity periods using institutional ethnography research framework in an information technology services organization in India. No such research study has even been attempted.


This article presents the results of a study of the hydrolysis of sulfamic acid and the elaboration of acidic compositions that are characterized by reduced sedimentation compared to mud acid. The effect of complexing compounds on the hydrolysis of sulfamic acid is considered, the hydrolysis of sulfamic acid and sulfamates is compared, and the secondary sedimentation of sulfamic acid and mud acid compositions is compared using the formation of hexafluorosilicates. The hydrolysis intensity of sulfamic acid and ammonium sulfamate was determined by the mass of sediments formed during the reaction of hydrolysis products with calcium chloride. The mass of calcium sulfate formed is proportional to the rate of hydrolysis of sulfamic acid. The process of dissolution of the quartz component of the terrigenous formation was studied using the gravimetric method. Differences in influence of EDTA, HEDP, and NTP on sedimentation prevention of the products of sulfamic acid hydrolysis were studied by the example of reactions with Ca2+. It was shown that compositions with NTP are characterized by a lower sediments formation. The ratio of NTP concentration and the hydrolysis rate of sulfamic acid is shown. Differences in the hydrolysis rate of compositions based on sulfamic acid and sulfamates were determined at a temperature of 80°C. It was shown that sulfamates are characterized by a lower rate of hydrolysis. Differences in quartz solubility were determined for compositions based on sulfamic and sulfuric acids, differences in the reactions kinetics were shown. It has been established that acid compositions based on sulfamic acid are characterized by less sedimentation rate being compared with acid compositions based on hydrochloric acid by the example of hexafluorosilicates formation.


The J-PARC main ring has the ambitious goal of accelerating proton beam with power of 750 kW. To realize the target, a high performance injection system is crucial. However, several problems due to the imperfect performance of the main elements have been observed in the present injection system, which deteriorate the injection beam orbit and cause beam losses. The problems will become big road blocks to high power operation. Thus, the injection system needs to be upgraded to correct the difficulties. The upgrade includes two new designed septa to reduce the leakage field, an optimized the kicker system to improve the kicker field, and a compensation kicker system to correct the injection errors. Careful 3D electromagnetic field simulations are performed to ensure the accuracy of magnets design. The 3D particle tracks in the entire injection region are studied thoroughly to guarantee the injection beam pass through the injection system without beam loss.


The major future challenges of e-business are in the field of business to business integration (B2B). Important aspects of B2B are business process automation, supply-chain integration and support for automated logistics management. XML based Web services are aiming at becoming the de facto B2B integration solution. In the Web-Pilarcos project a case study was performed, modelling and implementing a realistic supply-chain integration scenario and testing the usability of BPEL4WS specification. The case study was implemented using Apache Tomcat, Apache Axis and IBM alphaWorks BPWS4J platforms. BPEL4WS was found to be well suited for composing Web services into executable business processes, but somewhat lacking in its ability to publish abstract processes. The specification has only recently been presented to a standards organisation and will undoubtedly mature. The evaluated BPWS4J platform proved to be usable, but to contain some serious deficiencies as well. Commercial BPEL4WS platforms are arriving, but no open source support is yet available. In order for Web services to become widely utilised the support for business process management as well as transactions, reliability, and security must be further addressed. General Terms: Design, Documentation, Experimentation Additional


The dielectrically consistent interaction site model theory is applied to a model system consisting of a zwitterion tripeptide of sequence Gly-Ala-Gly at infinite dilution in a solvent mixture of water and sodium chloride with only the central φ,ψ dihedrals for conformational degrees of freedom. The peptide is found to be salted into solution by the cosolvent, with its solubility depending strongly on conformation of the central φ,ψ pair. The distribution of cosolvent relative to the bulk solvent mixture is examined and relatively little specific association is found. Instead, the ionic concentration around the peptide is increased, especially near the phase boundary, and the increased concentration extends up to eight solvent diameters into the bulk. The consequences of such an ionic distribution on thermodynamic measures of association are discussed. Similarities between this model system and the unusual solubility behavior of β-lactoglobulin found in experiments are shown. The molecular distributions c...


6655 Background: Reduced intensity allogeneic transplant ("minitransplant ") may extend the age limit beyond which patients with AML in first CR can receive a transplant. However, until now, the feasibility of minitranplant has not been explored. Methods: From 2001–2003, all pts age >50 admitted to the Leukemia Service with AML or high-risk MDS (10- 29% blasts) and cytogenetic abnormalities other than inv (16), t(8;21) or t(15;17) were to receive a transplant consult with the intent of performing a minitransplant in 1st CR if a sibling or unrelated donor could be found. Herein we describe the effectiveness of this program, focusing on 99 pts who entered CR (CR rate 39%). Results: 62 of the 99 pts received a transplant consult. 68% of the remaining 37 pts were felt to be poor candidates for transplant and were not referred for consult, 16% refused, and in 16% logistical factors (e.g. insurance approval) prevented consultation. Donors were identified for 25 of the 62 consulted pts (20 siblings, 5 unrelated)...


This technical report is underlining the progress I made in my project regarding technologies and logic used, and the enormous changes that occurred in my project since my Mid-Point Technical Report upload on the 11th of December 2016. In this report, I can show snippets of the finalised code and, as well as discussing the obstacles faced along the way to producing the final product. This report will highlight the architecture of the system, screenshots of GUIs that show the final product, and include testing that I have used to fine tune the project into making it more player friendly.


Melanoma aetiology has been proposed to have two pathways, which are determined by naevi and type of sun exposure and related to the anatomical site where melanoma develops.


From the Rheumatology Section, Division of Medicine, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, Hammersmith Campus, London. Address reprint requests to Dr. Walport at the Division of Medicine, Imperial College School of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Rd., London W12 0NN, United Kingdom, or at email@example.com. COMPLEMENT AT THE INTERFACE BETWEEN INNATE AND ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY


Traditionally the Baltinglass rebellion was seen as a Catholic crusade led by a zealous but misguided idealist. This was based on the view that James Eustace, Viscount Baltinglass 111, was motivated by religious fervour and was prepared to risk his position as a privileged member of the Pale elite in pursuit of his goal - the restoration of the lawful practice of Catholicism in Ireland.
More recently the reason for Eustace's uprising has been subjected to Scrutiny in the light of developments in Irish Tudor historiography, resulting in the modification of the view of the accepted interpretation that the viscount was solely impelled by credal conviction. The possibility of his representing the economic ans social grievances of his social order has been posited. As a prelude to this study of the background, course and results of the Baltinglass rebellion, it may be appropriate to survey briefly the historiographical tradition relating to the rebellion in some detail and also to comment briefly on the nature of the source-material which is available for such an investigation.


The cycle lengths and signal transition time of <italic>Traffic Light Systems</italic> (<italic>TLS's</italic> ), or known as the <italic>Phase Timing Information</italic> (<italic>PTI</italic>), play a key role in modern transportation systems. However, such information is not always available to the public. In this paper, we propose a <italic>crowdsourcing</italic> approach to solve this problem by exploiting the <italic>stop and go</italic> events, abbreviated by <italic>SG</italic> events, of vehicles on roads happening in front of target traffic lights. The PTI discovery problem is formulated by allowing only part of the vehicles participating in the discovery process. The proposed framework starts with discovering SG events, followed by collapsing these events over multiple signal cycles into one and calculating PTI information through a <italic>shockwave</italic> technique. The crowdsourcing part may be directly implemented on smartphones. The proposed framework was verified via field trials and simulations. Our simulation results showed that, even with a low penetration rate around <inline-formula><tex-math>$3.8$</tex-math> <alternatives><inline-graphic xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="yi-ieq1-2318692.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula> percent, the root mean square errors of the cycle length, green light and red light signal transition time of a TLS are <inline-formula> <tex-math>$0.04$</tex-math><alternatives><inline-graphic xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="yi-ieq2-2318692.gif"/></alternatives> </inline-formula>, <inline-formula><tex-math>$1.3$</tex-math><alternatives> <inline-graphic xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="yi-ieq3-2318692.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula> and <inline-formula><tex-math>$5.8$ </tex-math><alternatives><inline-graphic xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="yi-ieq4-2318692.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula> seconds, respectively. The achieved accuracy can be helpful in many PTI-enabled applications.


Abstract China has the largest energy system in the world, with fossil energy accounting for 84%. The carbon neutrality target calls for peaking carbon emissions by 2030 and achieving net zero carbon emissions by 2060. By then, the non-fossil energy will account for over 80% of China's energy mix. Based on China's national conditions, this paper makes scenario analysis of carbon peaking in 2030. The results of this paper indicate that the peak values of carbon emission in 2030 depends on both the development of clean energy and the growth of energy power demand. Therefore, the growth rate of the two should be balanced to control the peak carbon emission. High-quality economic growth in China in the context of carbon neutrality requires "double decoupling", namely, decoupling GDP from the consumption of fossil energy and the growth of energy power demand as much as possible. To this end, this paper proposes a systematic solution considering both the demand and supply sides, with market-oriented measures that are workable for it. Ensuring the safe and stable supply of energy (power) is the basic principle of clean and low-carbon economic transformation, as well as a major challenge for energy system transformation. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a path for coal power decommissioning and low-carbon transformation in line with China's national conditions.


The heart pumps blood in the circulatory system via cardiac muscle tissues that both propagate the triggering electrical signals and execute the mechanical actuation. Impairments of this elec-tromechanical coupling result in prevalent cardiovascular diseases. To find therapeutic interventions, researchers have extensively characterized and modeled the heart electromechanics of various animals. Unfortunately, these preparations are complex and parameter estimation uncertain [1]. Recently, engineered in–vitro platforms powered by human stem cell– derived cardiac cell types have become available [2] and numerical simulations of those simpler experiments may be important to better understand the human heart electromechanics [3]. Here, we developed a 3D numerical simulator that solves the heart muscle electrophysiology, on a deformable domain, and considers mechanoelectrical feedback [4]. To do this, we use the mon-odomain approximation to solve the propagation of the electrical stimuli and the finite elasticity theory for the domain deformation. For the discretization, we employ an isogeometric approach in space, and an implicit–explicit integration scheme in time. The latter scheme is chosen in such a way to split the electrophysiological


The importance of the research lies in the application of a modern training method for training handball in order to raise the player's physiological and skill efficiency throughout the game and maintain a constant level of performance and resistance to fatigue, especially the ability to perform with the presence of lactic acid and benefit from it after converting it to energy. The research aims: To identify the effect of the dynamic lactate method on developing the tolerance for defensive and offensive performance of handball players under 19 years of age. The researchers used the experimental design with two groups of experimental and control, with pre and post- test, for its suitability to the nature of the problem. The researcher identified the research community with handball players in the Karbala Sports Club for the youth category of under 19 years of age for the 2020-2021 training season, whose number is (16) players. By (7) players for each group. As for the most important conclusions, the results of this study demonstrated the effectiveness of the dynamic lactate method in developing endurance of defensive and offensive performance with handball among the players of the research sample, while the recommendations were, the researchers recommended that the dynamic lactate method should be used in the training units..


ISHS Acta Horticulturae 367: VI International Symposium on Pear Growing. 6 Pag., 5 Tabl. The definitive version is available at: http://www.actahort.org/


The 'cyclohexane-bridged' bis-(3-amino-2H-azirines) cis- and trans-N,N'-dimethyl-N,N'-diphenyl-1,7-diazadispi ro[188.8.131.52]deca-1,7-diene-2,8-diamine (cis-21 and trans-21) were synthesized from the corresponding bis-thioamide 20 by consecutive treatment with COCl 2 , 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (DABCO) and NaN 3 . The reaction of these bis-azirines with different natural α-amino acids gave peptide amides 23. In addition, hydrolysis of the C-terminal amide groups of 23c and subsequent coupling with the Aib synthon 2, i.e., 2,2,N-trimethyl-N-phenyl-2H-azirin-3-amine, showed the applicability of building blocks 21 for peptide synthesis and peptide chain ligation.


Introduction: Gallbladder cancer is the most common malignancy of the biliary tract, an early clinical diagnosis is enigmatic. Epidemiological studies have identified striking geographic and ethnic disparities inordinately high occurrence in American Indians, elevated in Southeast Asia, yet quite low elsewhere in the Americas and the world. Objective: The objective was to find out the mean age of diagnosis of Gall Bladder Carcinoma and to find out the association of the carcinoma with gender, if any. Materials and Methods: A cross sectional observational study was conducted in Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata by Consecutive sampling method during the time period Jan 2016Dec 2016. Results: Out of 57 study subjects 35.08% were males and 64.91% were females. Among the 57 patients included in the study, the minimum age of the study subjects was of 26 years and the maximum age being 69 years. Mean age of the study subjects was 48.70 years with a standard deviation of 10.64 years. Conclusion: The mean age of diagnosis of carcinoma Gall Bladder is lesser in India than that of the European countries although female preponderance is similar mostly all over the world. Further studies are required to find out such differences according to ethnicity and gender.


In this report, we discuss Tree Music, an interactive computer music installation created using GAIA (Graphical Audio Interface Application), a new open-source interface for controlling the RTcmix synthesis and effects processing engine. Tree Music, commissioned by the University of Virginia Art Museum, used a wireless camera with a wide-angle lens to capture motion and occlusion data from exhibit visitors. We show how GAIA was used to structure and navigate the compositional space, and how this program supports both graphical and text-based programming in the same application. GAIA provides a GUI which combines two open-source applications: RTcmix and Perl.


One of the principal problem areas in the perfection of the formant‐tracker speech‐compression system lies in the extraction with the utmost of precision of the formant traces that are pertinent to the preservation in speech of the articulatory events. Under a current research effort [sponsored by the U. S. Army Signal Research and Development Laboratory under Contract DA‐36‐039‐AMC‐00006(E)], a number of new methods for achieving such precision in formant tracking have been studied. One of these, which we have called the "Formant Period Tracker," has shown great promise in achieving this desired goal. This paper discusses the technique, a theoretical evaluation of the technique applied to certain isolated utterances and a means of implementing the technique.


Humidity sensors are prone to condensation in high humidity and low temperature environments, reducing the sensor's measurement performance. Aiming at the current humidity sensor heating system that may not reach the target temperature due to open-loop control and high power consumption, a closed-loop control heating system for the humidity sensor is designed to perform real-time heating and temperature detection of the humidity-sensitive structure. The finite element analysis method is used to conduct thermal analysis on the heating structure, which obtains the temperature distribution of the sensor heating area, guides the heater structure design and gains the location distribution of temperature sensors. A variable parameter fuzzy PID (Proportion Integration Differentiation) control method with variable target temperature is proposed to perform closed-loop control on the temperature of the sensor's sensitive structure. The heating target temperature is set as a function of the ambient temperature. Also the coefficient of PID changes with error. Thus, the power consumption of the system has been effectively reduced and the heating speed is apparently increased. Simulation experiments show that the heating system designed for controllable heating humidity sensor has uniform temperature distribution. When the ambient temperature is −70°C, the difference between upper and lower temperatures is only 0. 0878°C, with a low power consumption (5 × 106W/m3). At the same time, the overregulation of the temperature control system is low, which is 7. 227%. The system has high environmental adaptability and temperature stability.


Using a software simulation we are investigating the effect of collimation and heterogeneous attenuation on the scatter response of volume positron emission tomography (PET) systems. Tight collimation is known to reduce the scatter fraction in positron emission tomograph, but many studies would benefit from the increased sensitivity of imaging with retracted septa. We have examined the axial and transaxial scatter response functions (SRF) of a tomograph with retractable septa, the GE Advance, using a Monte Carlo simulation. Activity outside the tomograph field-of-view (FOV) adds significantly to detected scatter with septa retracted. Furthermore, the axial response to activity outside the FOV is not as smooth as that for scatter within the FOV. We have also begun investigating the effect of heterogeneous attenuation on the SRF.


Objective To study the relationship between the infection by Ureaplasma urealyticum and Chlamydia trachomal and Obstructive tubal infertility.Methods There were 150 patients suffering from infertility in our hospital from October 2005 to October 2008.Another 150 patients come from outpatient gynecological patients with preoperative examination. They were divided into infertility group and outpatient group.Polymerase chain reaction(PCR) and Bacterial culture were applied on the cervical secretion of the two groups'patients to detect CT and UU.If found UU.CT after infection,they would be given the salpingography after specific treatment to cure the review confirmed.Results(1 )The infection of UU and CT was higher in the infertility group than the outpatient group(P0.01),and there was significant difference in infection between the two groups;(2) There was significant difference in the incidence of tubal occlusion between not infected and infected persons of infertility patients(P 0.01).Conclision Description UU and CT infection and tubal occlusion were positively related to each other.


Abstract The vapor-phase isomerization and cracking of heptane on H-Beta zeolites loaded with various amounts of Pd metal has been studied at a temperature of 505 K and at a total pressure of 0.3 MPa. The cracking of heptane is interpreted as a combination of classic bifunctional hydrocracking and dimerization cracking. The isomerization of heptane proceeds through the classic bifunctional mechanism and a second mechanism involving dimerization cracking. The contribution of the different mechanisms to the isomerization and cracking is derived from the formation of specific reaction products. The contribution of the different mechanisms is dependent on the Pd content of the zeolite.


This research paper examined Jordanian university students' perceptions of online learning in terms of knowledge, attitude, and practice (variables of the KAP model). It also investigated the relationship between their perceptions of online learning and their academic performance. students' perceptions of variables of the KAP model toward online learning were measured through an online questionnaire distributed to Jordanian universities students. Academic performance was also measured by identifying students' perceptions of their academic performance after switching to online learning due to COVID-19. One-sample t-test results indicated that the means of responses fall within the area of agreement (agree and strongly agree) regarding students' perceptions of online learning in terms of knowledge, attitudes, and performance without any significant differences. Correlation and regression analysis showed statistically significant relationships between students' perceptions of their knowledge, attitudes and practices toward online learning and their academic performance. Such a positive perception of students towards online learning can be implied by educational institutions and educators to put the best use of online learning as a starting point to complement traditional face-to-face teaching by investing in technologies that support online learning, and by enhancing and improving online platforms to deliver course materials, provide additional resources, and facilitate discussions and collaboration among students in a more effective, efficient way.


This article aims to elucidate the content and the significance of the concept of "li" (principle/order/rule) in the thought of Xunzi. Together with other terms such as zhi 治, "zheng" 正, and ping 平 the term is used as representing "order," and a sort of "rational standard" for one's thought, words and behaviors. This article also tries to understand the another dimension in the term: by means of a combination of the term with the term "'wen' 文" (culture/civilization), Xunzi has proposed an image of the supremacy of human cultural order which should be attained by the virtuous power of rituals, social norm and justice ("liyi" 禮義). Xunzi has been convinced that the order of human society should be embodied in the full representation of human and cultural significance. Xunzi requested both officer-aspirants and rulers from local to world level to put their moral values into practice through the form of rituals and social norms, because it is in that kind of cultural order that the human moral excellence can be fully manifested in the whole human world.


Satellite imagery, geographic information systems (GIS) and spatial statistics provide tools for studies of population dynamics of disease vectors in association with habitat features on multiple spatial scales. Tsetse flies were collected during 1988-90 in biconical traps located along transects in Ruma National Park in the Lambwe Valley, western Kenya. Fine spatial resolution data collected by Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) satellite and reference ground environmental data were integrated in a GIS to identify factors associated with local variations of fly density. Statistical methods of spatial autocorrelation and spatial filtering were applied to determine spatial components of these associations. Strong positive spatial associations among traps occurred within transects and within the two ends of the park. From satellite data, TM band 7, which is associated with moisture content of soil and vegetation, emerged as being consistently highly correlated with fly density. Using several spectral bands in a multiple regression, as much as 87% of the variance in fly catch values could be explained. When spatial filtering was applied, a large component of the association between fly density and spectral data was shown to be the result of other determinants underlying the spatial distributions of both fly density and spectral values. Further field studies are needed to identify these determinants. The incorporation of remotely sensed data imagery into a GIS with ground data on fly density and environnmental conditions can be used to predict favourable fly habitats in inaccessible sites, and to determine number and location of fly suppression traps in a local control programme.


One of the most fascinating topics currently being discussed in the field of biomineralization is the occlusion of organic macromolecules within mineral crystals. It is already known that intracrystalline organic inclusions in biogenic calcite improve the fracture behavior and anisotropically distort the calcite lattice. However, the detailed structure of the crystals and the underlying processes leading to the incorporation of the organic molecules are poorly understood. In this work, we investigate calcite prisms extracted from the shell of Pinna nobilis by means of three-dimensional synchrotron small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS/WAXS). Organic–inorganic interfaces within the single crystals give rise to a strong, anisotropic SAXS signal. The results are shown as a stereographic projection of the integrated SAXS intensity (gray scale) together with the wide-angle spots (colored) of different calcite lattice planes. A comparison of native (left) and annealed (right) prisms, where the contrast f...


A methodology for the description of hierarchical system requirements and formal specifications is presented. We will specifically deal with the issues (1) hierarchical structure of system properties, (2) system requirements, (3) system specifications, (4) soundness and completeness, (5) synthesis of formal specificaitons.


most honored tradition in our histories of the Indian wars. The statements of Indian fighters have seemed eloquent indictments (or, more rarely now, defenses) of the winning of the West. And yet anyone who reads what Army officers said about the final Indian wars must feel that these men have never been listened to closely. As a consequence, I think, a good deal of criticism of American expansion has been blunted in two ways.1 First, it has been easy to forget the limitations of our own empathy and appreciation for native American culture. The officer corps in the last Indian wars provides a useful check on the historian's pride in his cultural relativism and moral compassion. Friends of native Americans can learn humility, I suspect, from some of the red man's old enemies. Second, without paying closer attention to the attitudes of conquerors we cannot identify what distinctive aspects of the dominant culture we wish to criticize. Many 19th century states dispossessed "primitive" natives; it is an open question what special features of American culture affected our conquest of the West. Comparative studies may make this clear (as comparative studies have shown us what was distinctive about American slavery) but we are now a long way from knowing if our Indian fighting was a "peculiar institution." If we listen closely to an articulate group like the officer corps (an institution we find, of course, in most expanding nations) we take the first step toward this comparative approach.2


Contemporary public management in Brazil is undergoing a great deal of transformation. From the year 2008 the Brazilian Federal government has been investing in policies and planned actions that aim to expand access to Higher Education. This paradigm shift was possible through the understanding that the agenda of public problems required trained professionals with appropriate skills, able to propose plans, programs and elaborate projects, fostering the evolution and consolidation of Brazilian democracy. The changes in contemporary Brazilian public management have permitted the debate amongst researchers in the Higher Education sphere, evolving to what is conventionally known as the Public Field. This field integrates views that deal with contemporary processes that aim to change public management either at the state or non-state level, in its various dimensions, seeking to innovate teaching and research in the area of public policy. This article aims to reflect on the specific academic issues related to Public Field Education in Brazil. It also aims to promote an epistemological understanding related to the intellectual diversity present in this area. It considers the assumption that a multidisciplinary approach, characteristic of field courses, generates new experiences and knowledge, making a difference in the formation toward a critical view of reality in which the students are part. In order to conduct the research, a comparative analysis of experiences developed in recent years was proposed. It is seen that the curricula must converge, aiming to educate the manager who understands this phenomenon and the needs of contemporary society, who is able to recognize and work with the rights of citizens, as well as be present in the relations between state and society, with responsibilities of integrating public policy programs, optimizing the use of public resources, being able to redesign programs and projects in order to monitor and evaluate public policies.


Metal halide-based perovskite semiconductors exhibit excellent optoelectronic properties such as a sharp absorption edge, high absorption coefficients, and a small recombination rate. Mixed compositions result in a variation of the structure of these perovskite materials, which also influences their electronic properties. Even though huge progress in synthesis and device fabrication has been made, still systematic investigations of structural properties of lead halide-based perovskites are missing. Here, we systematically investigate the vibrational features of lead bromide-based perovskites using Raman spectroscopy and density functional theory (DFT). We have performed these investigations using MA + , FA + , and Cs + as cations in the lead bromide structures and determined the vibrational modes both from Raman experiments and DFT simulations. We find a clear dependence of the Raman band wavenumbers on the chosen cations. The structural differences are reflected in the different line-width broadening of Raman bands, charge distribution on the cations and the extent of their interactions with the bromide anions.


According to test condition of a steep seam coal face in Sichuan Province,and combined with the observation results of support resistance,and discussed the feasibility of the self-shift hydraulic on soft coal seam,rack of soft layer,obliquity fault of working face central,and other complex factors.The results show that:under the influence of complex factors,the time of periodic weighting of testing face is an average interval of 11 days,and last an average of 3.1 days,and the average step-over is 19.7 meter,and average coefficients of increasing the load is 1.21;it is very clear that the static load of roof by brackets,which lead to the average resistance of the central support surface be bigger than the upper work face's,and be minimum in lower work face;the support structure of ZJ3600/15/36 type four shield support bracket can meet the need for the roof controlling,but support density is low,so it should be improved.


Two important theories of human mate selection are sociobiology and similarity. The similarity theory predicts that people will marry others who are like themselves in characteristics such as family background, education, race, religion, and age. This theory states that until the time they graduate from school, boys and girl. are socialized most often with others of the same age, increasing the likelihood that they will be the same age when they marry. The sociobiology theory predicts that men will be older than women ac the time of marriage (Barash, 1982). Girls become sexually mature sooner than boys, and when they look for marriage partners, they could choose men equally physically


We have previously described the synthesis of a family of molecular 'squares' based on octahedral Re(I) coordination of difunctional bridging ligands. The size and chemical composition of the square cavity is highly tunable, and the inorganic cyclophanes are being actively studied in catalytic, separations, and sensing applications. Electrochemical techniques have been primary methods for characterization of the transport properties of thin films of the nanostructured materials. For example, cyclic voltammetry and rotating disk electrode voltammetry experiments have revealed size-selective permeation by redox probes, where the size cutoff is determined by the internal square dimensions. We have more recently begun to employ scanning electrochemical microscopy to spatially image micropatterned electrodes containing these thin film materials, simultaneously allowing us to obtain permeability data and topographical information. This paper describes data obtained by employing porphyrin-based molecular squares that feature chemically tailored cavities.


In this article, we applied homotopy perturbation method to obtain the solution of the Korteweg‐de Vries Burgers (for short, KdVB) and Lax's seventh‐order KdV (for short, LsKdV) equations. The numerical results show that homotopy perturbation method can be readily implemented to this type of nonlinear equations and excellent accuracy. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 2010


ABSTRACT The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effect of bee glue (BG) on the performance, relative visceral weights, some blood parameters, and immune status of broilers. A total of 200 male Ross 308 broiler chicks were randomly assigned to 5 dietary treatments: basal diet (BD), and basal diet supplemented with 600, 700, 800, and 900 mg kg−1 of BG. Each of the 5 diets was fed to 4 replicates of 10 chicks each from 0 to 42 days of age. The results indicated that the highest body weight, average daily gain, average daily feed intake, carcass weight, and carcass yield were observed in broilers offered 800 mg kg−1 of BG (P < .05). Inclusion of BG improved the feed conversion ratio compared with the control group (P < .01). The calculated European broiler index and crop percentage were greater for the birds received 800 and 900 mg kg−1 of BG compared with that of the control birds (P < .05). Inclusion of 900 mg kg−1 of BG significantly increased the relative weight of spleen and bursa, but reduced total triglycerides, cholesterol, LDL, and LDL: HDL ratio than the control group (P < .05). The serum IgG and IgM levels were increased for the birds received 700 to 900 mg kg−1 BG (P < .01), and addition of BG to the basal diet significantly increased antibody response against sheep red blood cell at 35 days of age (P < .05). It was concluded that an addition of 800 mg kg−1 BG to diet improves economic efficiency possibly by creating miniscule improvement in FCR and promoting immune response of broilers.


SUMMARY This article aims to reconstruct the debates that developed in the Italian Constituent Assembly, 1946–47, concerning two important issues: the form of the Italian government and the structure of the Italian Parliament. These issues are placed in the historical and chronological context whereby the text of the Italian Constitution was written and enacted between 2 June 1946 and 22 December 1947 (the date of enactment). This Italian Constitution is still in force today. These two themes are of contemporary relevance because the choices of Italian constituents, based on the nature of parliamentary government and symmetrical bicameralism, are still at the centre of current political debate about institutional reform in Italy. These historical debates are reconstructed through consideration and analysis of the official records of the Italian Constituent Assembly, the contemporary literature of the period and recent historiography.


Disclosed is a device capable of processing a circular or angled tube member or rod member into a desired shape by freely controlling a cutting tool through wireless communication, the device being capable of performing not only cutting and beveling, but also processing various shapes using a single cutting tip, and also being capable of cutting and improving a tube member having a thickness of tens of millimeters or higher. A processing device according to the present invention comprises: a driving wheel which is rotatably coupled to one side of a body unit, and which penetrates a material to be processed; a main electric driving unit for rotating (C-axis direction) the driving wheel; at least one stage coupled to be able to reciprocate precisely in front of the driving wheel towards the center (X-axis direction) of the material to be processed; a cutting tool mounted on the stage to cut the outer surface of the material to be processed or a section part thereof; and a control unit for controlling the stage and the main electric driving unit, wherein the control unit and the stage are configured to make controls via wireless communication.


The mechanism of structure transformation of vesicle was explored through TEM.The mixed monolayer at the air/water interface of lecithin and cholesterol was investigated using Langmuir balance technique.We also studied the effect of cholesterol on the structure transformation of lecithin vesicle by the method of kinetic and dynamic light-scattering.The results show that positively charged Gemini surfactant intercalates into the bilayer of negatively charged lecithin vesicle and reduces the thickness of bilayer of lecithin vesicle.The asymmetric distributing of the surfactant molecular in the vesicle led to the asymmetric thickness of the bilayer,thus resulted in the vesicle breakdown.The excess area of the mixed monolayer and kinetic results show that the mutual attraction between lecithin and cholesterol made it hard to break the lecithin vesicle by adding cholesterol.


In the face of the climate crisis, petroleum dependence, and volatile gasoline prices, it is imperative to explore possible opportunities in unconventional alternative-fuel vehicles. One such option is the compressed air vehicle (CAV), or air car, powered by a pneumatic motor and onboard high-pressure gas tank. Although proponents claim that CAVs offer environmental and economic benefits over conventional vehicles, the technology has until recently not been subject to a rigorous analysis. This study characterizes the potential performance of CAVs in terms of fuel economy, driving range, carbon footprint, and fuel costs and examines their viability as a transportation option as compared with gasoline and electric vehicles. Subjects of analysis include energy density of compressed air, thermodynamic losses of expansion, CAV efficiency on a pump-to-wheels and well-to-wheels basis, and comparisons with gasoline and electric vehicles. Results show that although the CAV is a bold, unconventional solution for today's transportation challenges, it is ultimately not workable, and compares poorly with gasoline and electric vehicles in all environmental and economic metrics. Further, applications of the CAV are severely constrained because of its limited driving range. The results from this study, including the analysis of energy density and expansion losses, may be used to identify future opportunities for CAV applications. The pump-to-wheels and well-to-wheels methodology contained here establishes a framework for evaluating future CAV designs.


The social importance of search of new additional means of treatment of patients with the complicated current process in traumas of finiteness is huge, as persons of able-bodied age more often suffer. As is known, in purulent complications more than half of victims remain invalids which cost of treatment is estimated by huge material inputs. In the review questions of application of the laser in traumatology and surgeries are covered.


Bombardier Transportation in Vasteras develops trains that are assembled in Hennigsdorf, Germany. Due to changes in the organization there are shortcomings in terms of processes for feedback from t ...


This paper explores the use of the back gate bias to enhance the analog performance of self-cascode structures composed by 25nm-long UTBB SOI MOSFETs. It is shown, for the first time, that the use of back gate bias can improve the intrinsic voltage gain by 15 dB, making it larger than the one presented by a 50nm-long single device.


This study aims to examine the effects of audit quality on earnings management, audit quality and earnings management impact on the performance of nonfinancial companies listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) period 2010-2015. Audit quality is proxy by auditor size, audit tenure and audit fees. The earnings management of discretionary accruals used modified Jones models by Dechow (1995), firm performance is proxy by Tobins'Q. The analysis technique used is the data panel regression analysis with EVIEWS software. The results of the study found are: firstly, that audit quality has no effect on firm performance, quality audit but has no effect on earnings management and earnings management has no effect on firm performance.


The analysis of concepts of activity of medieval and new temporary university at change of the general factors defining substantial filling of the concept, shows that its structure as a whole can be described as constant that allows to put forward a hypothesis about possibility of preservation of elements of these concepts taking into account modification of key factors when developing the concept of a higher educational institution of the future. It allows to speak about continuity of future model of higher education institution to the historical analogs and possibility of selective preservation and use of capacity of already existing high school structures.


Parkinsonism presents a notoriously discouraging therapeutic problem, since no treatment heretofore employed has significantly altered the course of the disease. Recent work with antihistamines suggests that certain of these compounds may have value in the Parkinsonian syndromes. Promethazine chemically resembles chlorpromazine, which is known to be active upon the extrapyramidal system and related areas. It was decided to investigate the potential value of promethazine since it was believed that the compound might also affect the extrapyramidal structures but in a different way. Twelve patients with advanced Parkinsonism (associated with cerebral arteriosclerosis in 5, of the postencephalitic type in 2, and of the idiopathic type in 5) received promethazine in conservative dosage by mouth for periods totaling 2 to 16 weeks. Among the patients with Parkinsonism, 11 (91%) showed some evidence of improvement, which was not limited to motor activity alone but in most cases involved other physical and behavio...


TABLES OF THE PREDICTED TIMES REQUIRED TO ACHIEVE PARTICULAR LEVELS OF STRENGTH IN A RANGE OF CONCRETE ELEMENTS AFTER CONSTRUCTION ARE GIVEN FOR TWO TYPES OF CEMENT AND A RANGE OF CEMENT CONTENTS, CHARACTERISTIC STRENGTHS, FORMWORK BOUNDARY CONDITIONS, PLACING TEMPERATURE AND AMBIENT TEMPERATURE. THE DERIVATION OF THESE TABLES AND THEIR APPLICATION TO THE STRIKING OF FORMWORK ARE DESCRIBED. /AUTHOR/TRRL/


PurposeThe purpose of this study is to identify, characterize and assess supplier flexibility measurement practices in the order-to-delivery process.Design/methodology/approachThe study involved a survey; participants were 224 purchasing managers at Swedish manufacturing companies that had more than 20 employees.FindingsScrutiny of the details of measurement practices revealed that most respondents actually do not specifically measure supplier flexibility. Instead they measure other measures like delivery reliability, conduct qualitative follow-ups, or cannot specify how supplier flexibility is measured. It was acknowledged that they measure different supplier flexibility aspects, and the applied measures were characterized, e.g. in terms of which flexibility dimension they represent.Research limitations/implicationsConceptual clarifications and adaptations to measuring supplier flexibility in the order-to-delivery process are provided. The identified measures can be a contribution in further developing literature on flexibility performance measurement.Practical implicationsPurchasing, logistics and supply chain managers in search of supplier flexibility performance measurement can find ways to measure and an extended flexibility vocabulary. This has the potential to improve flexibility in the supply chain.Originality/valueEven though flexibility is claimed as being an important competitive advantage, few empirical studies and operationalized measures exist, particularly in the order-to-delivery process.


The re/definition of national interests is a dialectical process that involves not only internal dynamics and domestic interests but also explanatory factors transcending national level, such as the European-level and global-level stimuli. Accordingly, the study offers four alternative explanantia for Turkey's preferences on the Cyprus question: European Union's (EU) constraining stimuli, EU's constitutive stimuli, global-level constraining stimuli, global-level constitutive stimuli. The original empirical data support that it is the in/congruence between the 'EU-level constraining stimuli' and the 'global-level constitutive stimuli' that predicts Turkish perceptions on national interests and thus, Turkish attitudes towards the EU-led reform on Cyprus policy.


The basidiocarp of Dictyophora indusiata develops under litters into ovoid form called "egg" or "ball ", within which the receptaculum differentiates into the pileus, . stipe and mantle and the spores mature. The stipe and the mantle are formed of a. number of closed chambers, surrounded by the folded walls made up of mycelial cells. When the conditions become favorable, the stipe starts to elongate, streching out through the inner and the outer volva, and the mantle expands into a beautiful network'. The stipe and the mantle are also able to elongate in water or in a humidd air, even after the egg was detached from the underground rhizomorph or the tissues were divided into small segments. This elongation of the normal, detached _ or segmented parts is caused by an inflation of all the closed chambers, resulting in the straightening of every folded chamber wall. The work reported here presents the changes in the volume of cells, the osmotic values of expressed sapp of the tissue and the contents of glycogen and reducing sugar in the cells during rapid elongation. Some considerations including the significance of such a phenomena to the mechanism of receptaculum elongation are tried.


The object of this article is to define the facilities construction for the Avaldsnes section of the Johan Sverdrup field in the North Sea. Based on the experiences of oil and gas companies, the applicability of various offshore oil and gas field structures will be analyzed. According to the results, the most relevant field facilities scenarios were formed. Each scenario was technically and economically assessed. The technical assessment consisted of the evaluation of loads under the different climate conditions on the offshore oil and gas facility, along with resistance against overturning and sliding. The economic assessment included the calculation of the key economic indicators of various scenarios and comparing them. The integrated assessment indicated that the combination of several subsea production modules is the most cost-effective field facilities scenario to implement in the Avaldsnes area of the Johan Sverdrup field in the North Sea.


This article recounts designing and performing an intimate encounter with strangers during the pandemic. At the end of 2020, as Australians emerged from a long period of 'lockdown', the celebrated Sydney Opera House again opened its doors to the public. Commissioned to create a new work for the Sydney Opera House's Antidote Festival, I designed a 'touch' performance that met the Australian Government's COVID-19 protocols for social distancing at indoor events. Instead of being frustrated by the restrictions, I used the health and safety rules as if they were conceptual instructions. Surprisingly, I was reminded of the 1960s and 1970s conceptual artists whose experimental capacity was borne from instructive limitations. Seeing the restrictions as an opportunity, I discuss how the physical limitations ushered in by COVID-19 (along with the heritage status of the Sydney Opera House) provided the parameters for conceiving a scene and an experience that was everything the pandemic denied – public, participatory, intimate and physical. I also reflect on what I learned in the process and how needing to keep people safe brought profound ethical understanding.


AeroMACS (Aeronautical Mobile Airport Communications System) is an aeronautical wireless communication standard which provides high-speed fix/mobile network on the airport surface. AeroMACS is expected to gain the safety and efficiency of the airport operations by allowing the stakeholders such as air navigation service providers, airline companies, and airport authorities to exchange massive data traffic. The authors have been contributed to the standardization activities by providing the evaluation result of the developed prototype. In this context, this paper reports a Hand-Over (HO) test conducted in Sendai airport. HO is an important function that allows Mobile Stations (MSs) to change their connecting Base Stations (BSs) hence essential for covering a large airport which requires multiple BSs. As results of the test, performance metrics such as latency, Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI), Round Trip Time (RTT), and throughput are presented. The presented result will help the consideration of possible applications. In addition, the mitigation of RSSI fluctuation caused by multipath is discussed as a possible future improvement.


"The relevance of a biomedical journal depends on how efficiently it culls and assimilates the happenings of practical significance from around the world in its discipline and provides undistorted information to its readers" [1]. This is true for any specialty journal, but for the one that is essentially multidisciplinary, to attempt to achieve this feat should be a herculean task. For any such journal that has survived for more than a decade with an influx of submissions across all medical disciplines that refuses to wane with time, it ought to be said that it has displayed a convincing act of commitment to the methodology of scientific publication, especially in a resource-poor country like India. In fact, the Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research (JCDR) is the only multidisciplinary journal in India, and perhaps in the world as well, that has its contents clearly classified according to specialties. It therefore presents an open and holistic mindset, being sincere to all the medical and surgical subspecialties, and providing break-through opportunities for young authors and ground level doctors and researchers.


Search result quality and response time is greatly improved by using external services, performing all enriching processes in parallel, and temporarily caching results. With Primo as a back-end search tool and custom software enriching its search response, we are providing rapid and rich search results to the end user.


By using a Lagrangian-Averaged Vorticity Deviation (LAVD)-based vortex detection scheme, rotationally coherent Lagrangian vortices in the South Atlantic Ocean are detected. These vortices act as agents for water transport and can stay coherent in a limited time scale. Our study starts from the life cycle of several long-lived Agulhas rings detected with the LAVD-based vortex detection method. The life cycle of those long-lived Agulhas rings can be separated into two distinct stages: the growing stage and the decaying stage. It is found that at the growing stage, the ambient water spins in and provides effective shielding for the coherent core. The rate of change of material belt width with respect to the detection time scale at the end of the growing stage can represent the decay rate of coherence. We further find a linear relationship between the mean strain rate and the mean square root of kinetic energy (KE½). Mean finite-time Lyapunov exponents (FTLE) increases monotonically with the mean strain rate or mean KE½. The long existence of the Agulhas rings can be partly attributed to the energetic boundaries around the rings. The ratio of the boundary kinetic energy to the spatial mean kinetic energy (KE/MKE) is also found to be a contributing factor that can influence the lifetime of Agulhas rings. In the retroflection area, the short-lived Agulhas rings might be attributed to the low KE/MKE in this area.


The unsteady natural convection flow in a square cavity at high Rayleigh numbers Ra = 107 and 2 × 107, has been treated by using a spline method of fractional steps in each coordinate direction. The essential features of this method are that in each computation step the problem is treated as a one-dimensional case and in the implicit form, and only one tridiagonal matrix system is evaluated. In general, it is not necessary to evaluate the first and second derivatives, and additional boundary conditions are not required. Hence the computer time can be shortened and the storage requirement reduced. The technique represents an improvement over the spline-alternating direction implicit method. Numerical results have been obtained at high Rayleigh numbers. The main features of the transient flow from zero conditions are in good agreement with the theoretical predictions [1, 2]. The steady-state results have been compared with accurate solutions presented recently for Ra = 107.


This paper presents an overlay multicast tree construction algorithm for synchronized realtime media multicast service over Internet which traditionally supports only best-effort service. The proposed tree construction algorithm is implemented to reduce not only the average delay of group members in order to support realtime media service, but also the delay variance among group members to provide an effective synchronized service. Basically, the orthogonal genetic algorithm is employed to obtain the near optimal tree among clusters with low computational complexity since the given problem is NP-complete. In addition, a dynamic tree maintenance process is proposed to effectively update the tree when members change due to leave or join. Finally, we describe experiments that show the superior performance of the proposed algorithm.


The idea behind the book, Compassionate Communalism, materialized after Dr. Melani Cammett read an article in the New York Times about a healthcare facility in Baghdad that was taken over by a newly formed religious party during the American invasion of Iraq. Cammett was fascinated by the phenomenon of access to welfare services in a state where public welfare was crumbling. In that sense, Lebanon became her next logical research field as it is known for welfare provisions by non-state actors. Cammett wanted to understand why non-state actors distribute welfare and the reasons behind choosing to serve their in-group constituents to branch out to out-groups.


Abstract : In an effort to reduce cost growth and overruns on defense contracts, new approach to cost analysis has been developed and implemented by DOD agencies. The new approach, called the 'should cost concept', has been used by all the services with significant savings reported. Some members of congress, Senator William Proxmire in particular, have challenged these claims, suggesting that the costs of performing a should cost study outweigh potential savings. Five of the first studies conducted by the Army have been examined. Of these, two studies were analyzed in detail to determine their value in establishing realistic negotiation objectives, identifying short-and long-range management improvement programs and in achieving cost savings for the government. (Modified author abstract)


Goal. Clarification of the concept, types, functions and principles of interaction of legal means. Disclosure of the essence of legal means as a key element of the instrumental theory of law. Justification of the concept of legal remedies and their properties, definition of classification criteria and types of legal remedies; carrying out a scientific analysis of the functional purpose of legal means, researching the principles of the interaction of legal means. Research methods. When conducting the research, general scientific and special methods of scientific knowledge were used. Scientific novelty. The author's definition of legal remedies is provided. The main approaches to the definition of legal means and their main characteristics are considered, as well as the properties of legal means are substantiated. The main features of means-settings and means-actions are analysed. Classification criteria and types of legal remedies are defined. A scientific analysis of the functional purpose of legal means was carried out. The main principles of the interaction of legal means have been studied. Conclusions. Legal means are fundamental means of legal regulation, which have their own characteristics and functional purpose. Application in a complex of means-settings and means of actions can ensure the best result of legal regulation. When using specific legal means, it is important to know how to match them correctly, so that in their interaction the selected means (tools and technologies) correspond to each other in a certain situation, strengthen the effect and legal force of each other and lead to a qualitative effect of legal regulation. Thus, it is important for each chosen legal means to be informed about the possibilities of correlation, the possibility to enter into a connection with other means in an appropriate manner. Only in this case, it is possible to choose a specific effective legal remedy to achieve the set goals.


Recommended Citation Vanlerberghe, Jason Francis. "Chamber studies of the heterogeneous reaction of sulfur dioxide with particulate hematite. ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to thank everyone who helped make this work possible. I am grateful to Dr. Jennifer Schuttlefield, who showed me how to use both the XRD and BET instruments. Drs. Praveen Mogili and Juan Navea also used this environmental chamber for their research, and provided many helpful tips and useful discussion. Although I never actually met her, I am very grateful for Dr. Amy Preszler Prince's enormous amount of work assembling and testing the operation of the chamber so that it would be ready for future graduate students. I would also like to thank each of the faculty who served as committee members for me at some time, but whose names don't appear on this thesis: Drs. Amnon Kohen, would like to especially thank Dr. Grassian, who allowed me to present at her group's meetings for feedback, and has been to all of my seminars. More big thanks for Dr. Lei Geng, who was very helpful with his advice for graduation and joined my thesis committee on short notice. Of course, I am most indebted to Dr. Mark Young, who as my advisor, was there for it all. When I started graduate school, I knew I was interested in instrument development, and his lab was the ideal place to get all kinds of experience in the processes of planning, drafting, assembling, and especially troubleshooting that is required for that kind of work. I feel like I've gained a very broad skill set under his tutelage. I really appreciate all the individual attention I received from him, and how he always looked out for my needs as a student. Thanks, Mark! iii TABLE OF CONTENTS


This study surveys Galen of Pergamum's (AD 129–c. 216) impact on the Arabic traditions of Plato's Timaeus in the ninth to thirteenth centuries. It draws attention to the important role that Galen's two exegeses On the Medical Statements in Plato's Timaeus (Πeρὶ τῶν ἐν τῷ Πλάτωνος Τιμαίῳ ἰατρικῶς eἰρημένων) and the Synopsis of Plato's Timaeus played in transmitting the dialogue into Arabic, and thus shaping medieval Arabic thinkers' understanding of its doctrines. The first of these two texts is fragmentary in Greek and Arabic; this study offers a comprehensive overview of the surviving material and reassesses its authenticity. The Synopsis is preserved in a medieval Arabic translation, and my examination of this work reconsiders its attribution to an associate of the famous translator Ḥunayn ibn Isḥāq (d. c. 873 or 877). The analyses of these treatments also highlight Galen's critical approaches to the Timaeus, specifically how he interprets it in light of his medical knowledge and the intellectual context of Middle Platonism. By exploring the use of the Timaeus commentary and Synopsis in the works of ar-Rāzī, al-Bīrūnī, Ibn Sīnā, Mūsā ibn ʿAzrā, Yehuda Halevi, Ibn Rusd, and Mūsā ibn Maymūn, this study shows that Galen's approach helped broaden the dialogue's application to other fields of learning besides philosophy, such as medicine, poetics, and theology.


To test the importance of N‐terminal pre‐sequences in translocation of different classes of membrane proteins, we exchanged the normal signal sequence of an Escherichia coli outer membrane protein, OmpF, for the pre‐sequence of the inner membrane protein, DacA. The DacA‐OmpF hybrid was efficiently assembled into the outer membrane in a functionally active form. Thus the pre‐sequence of DacA, despite its relatively low hydrophobicity compared with that of OmpF, contains all the essential information necessary to initiate the translocation of OmpF to the outer membrane. Since processing of DacA was also shown to be dependent upon SecA we conclude that the initiation of translocation of this inner membrane polypeptide across the envelope occurs by the same mechanism as outer membrane and periplasmic proteins. The N‐terminal 11 amino acids of mature OmpF, which in the hybrid are replaced by the N‐terminal nine amino acids of DacA, carry no essential assembly signals since the hybrid protein is apparently assembled with equal efficiency to OmpF.


This study aims to find out how social media participation affects the policies of the Padang City government. The method in this research is a type of qualitative research with descriptive methods. The selection of informants in this study used a purposive sampling technique. The data used in this study are primary data and secondary data. Data collection techniques in this study used observation, interviews and documentation studies. Data analysis techniques in this study used data collection techniques, data reduction, data classification, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results of this study the authors found that social media has an influence in government policy, want it in the making, implementing and evaluating the policies of the city of Padang.


SNMP protocol which is widely used in network management is introduced.It includes SNMP network management model,development of SNMP and choice of software packet.The design scheme and implement process of SNMP agent's expanding realized by the aid of Linux operating system are discussed by using the free open Net-SNMP software packages.The testing result indicates that the design can efficiently achieve the function remote management,and is practicable and instructive in other remote monitoring area with safety requirement.


Multiplexing technique is frequently used in multichannel analog to digital (A/D) conversion, thus reducing the system complexity and cost. However, if the sampling frequencies of the input channels are not equal, obtaining high A/D converter utilization is rather complicated. A new rule-based synchronous multiplexing scheme for multi-channel A/D conversion with different channel sampling frequencies is proposed. It is optimal in the sense that the required A/D conversion frequency is a minimum. The channel sequencing is based on the earliest deadline principle, similar to the one used in real-time dynamic scheduling algorithms.


PURPOSE: A chemical supply device and a chemical mixing device for fabricating a semiconductor are provided to reduce dead points of chemicals by improving a chemical supply path. CONSTITUTION: An outer housing(210) has a tapering shape. An inflow tube(230) is installed in the inside of the outer housing(210). The outer housing(210) has two covers(211) in order to open a front and a rear end portion of the outer housing(210). The first and the second connection hole are formed on the outer housing(210). The first supply tube(120) and the second supply tube are connected with the first and the second connection hole, respectively. An exhaust hole(232) is formed at the inflow tube(230). An exhaust tube(240) is connected with the exhaust hole(232). A plurality of inflow holes(231) are formed on a surface of the inflow tube(230). A guide hole is formed at an outer housing(210). A filter(220) is installed around the inflow tube(230). A compulsory mixer(250) is installed on one side of the outer housing(210). The compulsory mixer(250) is formed with a mixing fan(251) and a motor(252).


While much attention has been paid to interventions to help overweight and obese people lose weight, relatively little is known about the contribution of health professionals to obesity reduction. As in other clinical areas, variations in the provision of health care for overweight and obese people may affect health outcomes. In this area in particular, there is reason to believe that practice may be adversely affected because of some providers' negative attitudes towards the patient group.

This work aims to identify strategies that are effective in improving health professionals' management of obesity or the delivery of health care services for overweight and obese people. In contrast to recent systematic reviews of patient-targeted approaches, this review focuses specifically on interventions designed to improve health professionals' practice. It is undertaken in association with the Cochrane Effective Practice and Organisation of Care (EPOC) Group. The protocol for this review is described.


The utility model relates to a hydraulic damper, which comprises an external cylinder drum, an internal cylinder drum, a piston rod, a dustproof circle and a guide cover. The right end of the external cylinder drum is welded with an end cover. The piston rod is provided with a piston, and the piston is provided with a damping one-way valve. The dustproof circle is provided with the sealing circle and the thread ring, and then is positioned on the piston rod. The guide cover is positioned on the piston rod and positioned on right side of the dustproof circle. The guide cover is provided with a damping one-way valve. A compensation valve is positioned on the right end inside the external cylinder drum, and the compensation valve is respectively fixed connected with the end cover and the internal cylinder drum. An oil storing cavity is formed between the external cylinder drum and the internal cylinder drum. The utility model is of anti compressing, abrasion and big friction force. The utility model reduces the pressure of the oil liquid reaching to the sealing piece and improves the service life of the sealing piece. The pipe positioned in the oil storing cavity can prevent the emulsification of the oil liquid in the cylinder. The utility model has the advantages that: the utility model is of strong universality, simple structure design and wide use range, with the installing can not affect the structure of the original car, and the utility model can stop vibration rapidly with effective cushion, with stable and reliable working with good damping effect.


This paper presents a prototype for the construction of interactive educational hypermedia that can be used on the Internet without being bound to typical World Wide Web protocols and tools. Its most innovative aspect is interactivity: it allows teachers and learners to remotely interact in real time in both a synchronous and asynchronous manner. Web-based educational material leaves the responsibility of navigation to the student. This prototype, instead, allows a teacher to manage the lesson in a way that guarantees coherence in the exposition of the arguments without using CGI (Common Gateway Interface), Java, HTML (HyperText Markup Language), or a Web browser. Furthermore, all the didactic material is produced by the teacher using a multimedia authoring system that allows much more sophisticated expressiveness, greater simplicity of use, and a more developed interactivity than that provided by Web-based technology. Topics discussed include Web-free didactic hypermedia materials for the Internet, advantages of the approach followed, technical aspects of the prototype, and future development. Figures present teacher and student screens, configurations for a face-to-face lesson and a virtual classroom created using the Internet, and screens for control of the virtual classroom and the environment during an interactive lesson. (Author/AEF) ******************************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. ******************************************************************************** U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Office of Educational Research and Improvement EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) CI This document has been reproduced as received from the person or organization originating it. CI Minor changes have been made to improve reproduction quality. o Points of view or opinions stated in this document do not necessarily represent official OERI position or policy. 71A Web-Free Prototype for Distance Learning Andrea MolMari, Luigi Colazzo Universitet di Trento Dipartimento di Informatica e Studi Aziendali 'Via lnama, 1 38100 TN Italy Tel.+39-461-882324(44), Fax +39-461-882124, Email: email@example.com, email@example.com "PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY


Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text Background: Measuring recent HIV infections from routine surveillance systems could allow timely and granular monitoring of HIV incidence patterns. We evaluated the relationship of two recent infection indicators with alternative denominators to true incidence patterns. Methods: We used a mathematical model of HIV testing behaviours, calibrated to population-based surveys and HIV testing services programme data, to estimate the number of recent infections diagnosed annually from 2010 to 2019 in Côte d'Ivoire, Malawi, and Mozambique. We compared two different denominators to interpret recency data: those at risk of HIV acquisition (HIV-negative tests and recent infections) and all people testing HIV positive. Sex and age-specific longitudinal trends in both interpretations were then compared with modelled trends in HIV incidence, testing efforts and HIV positivity among HIV testing services clients. Results: Over 2010–2019, the annual proportion of the eligible population tested increased in all countries, while positivity decreased. The proportion of recent infections among those at risk of HIV acquisition decreased, similar to declines in HIV incidence among adults (≥15 years old). Conversely, the proportion of recent infections among HIV-positive tests increased. The female-to-male ratio of the proportion testing recent among those at risk was closer to 1 than the true incidence sex ratio. Conclusion: The proportion of recent infections among those at risk of HIV acquisition is more indicative of HIV incidence than the proportion among HIV-positive tests. However, interpreting the observed patterns as surrogate measures for incidence patterns may still be confounded by different HIV testing rates between population groups or over time.


Self-care in Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) is highly complex and individualized. Patients struggle to adapt to life with SCI, especially when they go home after rehabilitation. We conducted a field study to understand how self-care plans work for patients in their lived experience and what requirements there might be for an augmentative system. We found that patients develop their own self-care plans over time, and that routinization plays a key role in SCI self-care. Importantly, self-care activities exist in different states of routinization that have implications for the technological support that should be provided. Our findings suggest that self-care can be supported by different types of semi-automated tracking that account for the different routinization of activities, the collaborative nature of care, and the life-long, dynamic nature of this condition. The findings from our study also extend recent guidelines for semi-automated tracking in health.


This study centred on peer mentoring as an intervention strategy for improving classroom interaction and attitude towards teaching among Benue State secondary school science teachers. The study employed two research designs: the survey and the quasi experimental designs. The survey design was relevant in the determination of the kind of classroom interactions that teachers engage in as well as how to persuade the teachers to develop positive attitude to teaching science. The quasi experimental design was the pre-test, post-test type to determine efficacy of the mentoring procedure in teachers' classroom interaction while they underwent mentoring. A total of 36 science teachers participated in mentorship that lasted 4 months. Four instruments were used: the Mentoring Guide (MG), the Mentees Attitude Questionnaire (MAQ), a Modified Flander's Interaction Analysis Category (MFIAC) and the Mentees Evaluation Comments Questionnaire (MECQ). Reliability of MAQ was found to be 0.86 using Cronbach Alpha dand that of MFIAC was 0.69 using Phi coefficient. The MG was researcher-designed and all other mentors were trained on how to use it effectively. The findings showed that biology, chemistry and physics teachers' classrooms shifted from being lecture-dominated as recorded before mentoring to students' non-verbal activity-dominated especially in setting and washing apparatus, writing tests, and filling workbooks. Thus the reduction in interaction under direct teacher behaviour led to increase in interaction under students' non-verbal behaviour. The teachers' non-verbal behaviour equally reduced after mentoring since the classes became less teacher-dominated. Mentoring had significant effect on the attitude of science teachers exposed to it. The male teachers had greater change in attitude after mentoring compared to the females though this was not statistically significant. Mentoring was found to assist science teachers develop positive attitude towards the teaching profession. Both male and female science teachers enjoyed the mentoring relationship and indicated their willingness to become mentors to other teachers. Majority of the mentees prefer a longer (3 years and above) period for mentoring. Inadequate visitations by mentors as well as inadequate time for contacts were the major challenges. Reasons for recommending mentoring as one positive way to help science teachers grow were: for knowledge acquisition, improving teaching skills, building confidence in teachers and encouragement of hard work. It is recommended among others, that mentorship of beginning science teachers should be integrated into the state policy as done elsewhere outside Nigeria to guarantee its regularity, financing and effectiveness. As a gradual process, the duration of mentoring should be steadily increased until it comes to a time when it will be a policy matter in the state. Teacher training institutions as a matter of policy and in collaboration with government should ensure internship (or mentorship as may be called in this study) for all graduating teachers for one year before they go for national service (NYSC).


The existence of inhomogeneities in the observed Universe modifies the distance-redshift relations thereby affecting the results of cosmological tests in comparison to the ones derived assuming spatially uniform models. By modeling the inhomogeneities through a Zeldovich-Kantowski-Dyer-Roeder (ZKDR) approach which is phenomenologically characterized by a smoothness parameter $\alpha$, we rediscuss the constraints on the cosmic parameters based on Supernovae type Ia and Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs) data. The present analysis is restricted to a flat $\Lambda$CDM model with the reasonable assumption that $\Lambda$ does not clump. A $\chi^{2}$-analysis using 557 SNe Ia data from the Union2 Compilation Data (Amanullah {\it et al.} 2010) constrains the pair of parameters ($\Omega_m, \alpha$) to $\Omega_m=0.27_{-0.03}^{+0.08}$($2\sigma$) and $\alpha \geq 0.25$. A similar analysis based only on 59 Hymnium GRBs (Wei 2010) constrains the matter density parameter to be $\Omega_m= 0.35^{+0.62}_{-0.24}$ ($2\sigma$) while all values for the smoothness parameter are allowed. By performing a joint analysis, it is found that $\Omega_m = 0.27^{+0.06}_{-0.03}$ and $\alpha \geq 0.52$. As a general result, although considering that current GRB data alone cannot constrain the smoothness $\alpha$ parameter our analysis provides an interesting cosmological probe for dark energy even in the presence of inhomogeneities.


The present invention relates to a method for producing eye drops containing thymosin beta-4. According to the present invention, by producing the eye drops containing thymosin beta-4 in the presence of inert gas, contact between thymosin beta-4 and oxygen is blocked, making thymosin beta-4 maintain activities thereof for a long time without denaturation by oxygen. Accordingly, the eye drop products produced by the production method of the present invention can stably maintain pharmacological activities of thymosin beta-4 for a long period.


Flux modulated machines (FMMs) are well known for their features of high torque density. In this paper, the DC currents are innovatively injected into the armature coils which are arranged in a specific way in FMMs, and the electromagnetic performance are analyzed by the finite element analysis (FEA). The results show that the electromagnetic torque contains not only the pre-existing PM torque, but also the additional torque produced by the DC current interacted with the AC armature current. What is more, it is found that the torque is improved under the constant copper loss compared with when fed with regular pure sinusoidal current. Besides, the flux weakening capability is greatly enhanced since the exciting field can be easily adjusted by the injected DC current, therefore, it can be inferred that the constant power speed range is extended.


In experiments in the same no-tillage fields for 5 successive years from 1998 to 2003 in Chengdu, Sichuan, the herbicides paraquat or glyphosate were applied alone or alternately. Investigations of the preplant weeds in the fields made at the beginning (1998) and the end (2003) of the experiments showed that weed species in the fields remained unchanged, but their composition had undergone considerable changes. Alopecurus aequalis, Orayza sativa, Polypogon fugax, Mazus pumilus and Cardamine flexuosa remained dominant and the quantity of broadleaf weeds ,such as Vicia sativa, Gratiola japonica and Lobelia chinensis, increased. It is speculated that such changes resulted from the continuous application of one kind of herbicide and the no-tillage rice-wheat rotation system.


This suggests trying to form a localized category where Σ is an isomorphism. What will be the objects in this category? Usually we make our objects more difficult in return for having a nice category. One approach is to look at sequences of spaces {Xn} and maps ΣXn → Xn+1. One can form a category of topological spectra by using these sequences as object and as morphisms the levelwise maps compatible with the suspension maps. Then there is a functor from Top∗ to topological spectra mapping X to the sequence Xi = ∗ for i < 0 and Xi = ΣX for i ≥ 0. We can form a homotopy category of these spectra, where Σ is an isomorphism, when we invert the stable homotopy equivalences. This is the stable homotopy category. For more information, see [1]. The axioms of a generalized (reduced) cohomology theory, in particular that H(f) = H(g) for homotopic f, g and H(Z) ∼= H(ΣZ) naturally, implies that a generalized cohomology theory as a functor from Top∗ to Ab Z should be closely related to the stable homotopy category. In fact, Brown's representability theorem tells us that every generalized cohomology theory is representable in a stable sense: to every generalized cohomology theory we can assign a topological spectra X such that H(Z) = [Z,Xn]+. This intimately ties the study of topological spectra to many topics in algebraic topology. One would like to do algebraic constructions of spectra. This makes sense since in the stable homotopy category there is a smash product (just arising from the smash product in Top∗) which is associative, commutative and unital, up to coherent isomorphism. However, a naive definition of symmetric spectra does not have such a product; Adams [1] has a unnatural handicrafted smash product of spectra, but it will not make you happy. Furthermore, there are some difficulties with associativity. A "good" category of spectra should have the following properties:


ABSTRACT Based on Gaussian distribution, a method for modelling targets is proposed. The trajectories of infrared targets are predicted by Kalman filtering. The Munkres version of the Hungarian algorithm is utilized to find the optimum assignment between the trajectories and the positions of real targets. Finally, based on the open dataset, we prove that the proposed algorithm is able to find and track infrared dim targets more effectively, while satisfying the requirements of real-time detection.


The use of information systems requires setting up and management of a specific nature, so that the system is commonly referred to as management information systems. In which there are a variety of activities ranging from system planning, maintenance, until measurements of performance. In carrying out the necessary information system software and hardware as well as the human operator. Above components should be interconnected so that library activities can run smoothly. To determine whether the components of the information system running properly, should require the evaluation process. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether the system during run and analyze the strengths and weaknesses of the library information system that has been used for in using the PIECES Framework, as well as to determine whether there is any effect on the level of profitability for the use of the system so that the company can do a follow-up to business prospects to face the global challenges. The method used is the method of analysis PIECES Framework, which consists of point analysis: Performance, Informations and Data, Economics, Control and Security, Efficiency, and Service where the point - the point is a reference evaluation and analysis of an information system. The results of this study indicate that the library information system that is being used already has some advantages and strengths that can support the operations of the library, but there are also some disadvantages and shortcomings so that the library information system still needs to be improved.


Numerical treatment of two-phase flow in pipes seems to involve difficulties still not totally resolved. These difficulties are discussed for a simple two-fluid model, with no terms added to make characteristics real.


Template updating method is the key of the success of the matching and tracking algorithm. In order to improve the performance of the tracking algorithm using template matching, a new method for tracking rigid objects in image sequences is proposed after analyzing many template updating methods. A Kalman filter is used to update the template dot by dot instead of renewing it as a whole, and make it adapt to changes in object orientation, illumination and occlusion. The new method improves the performance of the image matching and tracking. The experiments testify the algorithm′s efficiency.


Familiarity with Evidence-Based Medicine (EBM) concepts is low amongst key maternal and newborn care clinicians in Moldova. Simple interventions can increase the knowledge of EBM concepts there.


Eighty-seven percent of 281 Mississippi catfish farmers felt that fish-eating birds were enough of a problem to warrant harassment. Fanners estimated that they spent an average of 2.6 man-hours per day harassing birds at an average annual cost of $7400. Sixty percent of the farmers who harassed birds did so by driving around the ponds and firing at birds to repel them. Propane exploders and pyrotechnics were also used. Pyrotechnics were judged the most effective repellent technique. The cost of bird harassment according to these farmers is $2.1 million. The value of fish loss to cormorants alone is roughly estimated at $3.3 million. The total annual loss to birds is estimated at $5.4 million.


Sucrose synthase is usually localized by immunocytochemistry, but this method does not show the actual activity of the localized enzyme. A histochemical assay is presented here showing the activity of sucrose synthase by tetrazolium salt precipitation on sections of developing maize kernels. The advantages of the assay are a high sensitivity for low amounts of active sucrose synthase and the independence of specific antibodies. In this study the activity of endosperm sucrose synthase is shown to move gradually from the apical part of the endosperm to the basal endosperm during kernel development. This shift in sucrose synthase activity correlates well with the localization of starch synthesis during kernel development. The assay also shows the early loss of activity in the aleurone layer bordering the embryo, and a loss of activity in the apical aleurone during the final stage of kernel development while the enzyme was still found by immunocytochemistry. This is in contrast to a high sucrose synthase activity in the epithelium of the scutellum, where hardly any labelling was found with antibodies against maize sucrose synthase. Low sucrose synthase activities were found in the pericarp and pedicel parenchyma. Possible functions of the high and low activity patterns in the developing maize kernels and differences between the enzyme assay and immunocytochemistry are discussed.


The purpose of this study is to investigate the differences in irrational faith and the school adaptation of elementary school students by experimental group and control group. To achieve these goals, the followings are setting the programs. The subjects are selected from grade 4, 5, 6 students from...


The main objective of this project is to evaluate technically and financially the implementation of hybrid drills bit in the drilling of section 12 ¼ "of 2 vertical wells of the Field X. In the first drilling was analyzed according to parameters such as: revolutions per minute RPM, WOB, the torque, the specific mechanical energy MSE, the flow, the SPP pressure and the lithology of the lithostratigraphic unit, the performance, the wear of the drill bit and the operation times, the second part was carried out using the indicator Present Net value methodology (VPN). The project was structured in six (6) chapters; Beginning with the aspects associated with the generalities and geology of the field in the Llanos Basin. Subsequently, a theoretical-conceptual framework focused on the types of drilling and drilling; consequently, with the aspects inherent to the implementation of the drills used in the wells and the operational and hydraulic parameters under which the operations were performed and their performance through the drilling of the Formation. Finally, a financial analysis of the implementation of the simulation of kymera in wells D and E was carried out, to integrate it in the technical information and determine the best option in terms of costs and operating parameters. The above, to observe the performance of the tool and understand its performance, looking for applicability in other nearby areas of the Llanos Basin.


The issue of affirmative action at our nation's top universities excites much interest and controversy in part because it goes to the very heart of what Americans mean by equal opportunity and meritocracy. Race-conscious admissions received an important boost with the Supreme Court's recent decision affirming the constitutionality of the University of Michigan Law School's program—an outcome we support. This chapter seeks to expand the traditional debate over race and ethnicity in selective admissions by analyzing the issue of whether low-income students, too, should benefit from affirmative action policies. Along the way, it asks a series of questions: Who attends selective universities today? Does it matter who gets in? How do college administrators define merit and fairness in the admissions process? How are they defined by the public? How should they be defined? Do colleges currently give a leg up to economically disadvantaged students? If not, would students admitted under such preferences be qualified to do rigorous, college-level work? What would be the effect of replacing affirmative action with a variety of policies: a straight system of grades and test scores; a lottery of minimally qualified students; automatic admissions to the top-ranking students in all high schools, irrespective of standardized test scores; an automatic admissions plan for top-ranking students with a minimum standardized test score requirement; preferences for economically disadvantaged students?


One evening, after sunset, in the autumn of 1897 at Mian Mir, a sepoy of the 32nd Pioneers, walking through some grass near the regimental hospital, suddenly felt a sharp pain in his left foot and cried out that he bad been bitten by a snake; another sepoy, who was with him, with great presence of mind, immediately tied a piece of puggari round the left calf and took him to hospital, I arrived at the hospital about twenty minutes after the man had been bitten; the snake had not been seen and 1 was rather sceptical, but examination revealed two small punctures about half an inch apart on the left side of the dorsum of the left foot; the man was in a nervous, excited, and restless condition, and talked in a whisper, but constitutional symptoms were very slight, the pulse was a trifle hurried, and the respiratory rate was hardly more than normal; the ligature had been effectually applied by the sepoy and circulation was arrested ; there were said to have been some spasmodic twitchings of the left leg when he was first taken in, but there