A shoe sole (3,9a,10) having a bottom surface with a plurality of stud clusters (4,5,9,6,7,8,101) extending therefrom is provided, each stud cluster comprising at least two studs (41,42,51,52,91,92,61,62,71,72,81,82) connected via one or more connection elements (43,53,93,63,73,83), wherein, to optimise the manner in which the stud clusters (4,5,6,7,8,9,101) deal with forces applied to them during ground contact, each stud cluster is oriented in accordance with a predetermined direction of gross shear motion of the stud cluster and each stud cluster is dimensioned in accordance with the distribution of forces applied to the sole during ground contact.


Abstract: β‐Thalassemias are the most common single‐gene disorders and are potentially amenable to gene therapy. While retroviral vectors carrying the human β‐globin cassette were notoriously unstable and expressed poorly, considerable progress has now been made using lentiviral vectors (LVs), which stably transmit the β‐globin expression cassette. Mouse studies using LVs have shown correction of the β‐thalassemia‐intermedia phenotype and a partial, variable correction of the mouse β‐thalassemia major phenotype, despite the use of β‐globin‐hypersensitive sites that are known to result in position‐independent effects. Our group used the α‐globin‐hypersensitive site in self‐inactivating (SIN) LVs with long‐term expression in secondary mice that resisted methylation‐associated proviral silencing. However, these vectors also suffered from chromatin position effects. We therefore flanked a SIN‐lentiviral vector carrying the human β‐globin expression cassette with a chromatin insulator and studied expression in bone marrow from four patients with transfusion‐dependent human thalassemia major. We demonstrated normal levels of human β‐globin expression in erythroid cells produced in in vitro cultures for unilineage erythroid differentiation. There was restoration of effective erythropoiesis and reversal of the abnormally elevated apoptosis that characterizes β‐thalassemia. The gene‐corrected human β‐thalassemia progenitor cells were transplanted into immune‐deficient mice, where they underwent normal erythroid differentiation, expressed normal levels of human β‐globin, and displayed normal effective erythropoiesis 3‐4 months after xenotransplantation. Variability of β‐globin expression in erythroid colonies derived in vitro or from xenograft bone marrow was similar to that seen in normal control subjects. Results show genetic correction of primitive human progenitor cells and normalization of the human thalassemia major phenotype.


Recent research in numerous projects carried out at the Institute of Computational Engineering (ICE) demonstrates the capability of object-oriented database management systems (OODBMS), in particular, the excellent performance of ONTOS. This contribution in intended to evidence the potential of the OODBMS ONTOS. It is shown in detail that the definition of a persistent database class OBJECT accessible from user-defined classes facilitates software integration in a very sophisticated fashion.


Objective To explore the pharmacological function of traditional Chinese medicinal formula(No.1-No.6 Recipe).Methods Yeast was injected to rats,and endotoxin to rabbits to replicate the pyretic model.Anus temperatrue at each time point was determined to calculate the changes of temperature.Results All the No.1-6 Recipes had the antipyretic function to some extent,among which,NO.1,3,4 showed obvious inhibitory effect on the rising of temperature induced by endotoxin,while No.2 and 4 showed obvious inhibitory effect on the rising of temperature induced by yeast. Conclusion All the No.1-6 Recipes showed the remission effect on animal temperature of experimental pyrefic model to some degree,especially No.4 had better application prospect.


Kinetic methods, based on the measurement of the rates of reaction of reagent systems originally developed as thermometric indicators, may be used as a method to determine perchloric acid, potassium hydroxide and quinoline in microgram amounts. The reaction rate is measured by the initial slope of the temperature-time graph recorded when the sample compound is added to the reagent mixture. Perchloric acid is determined using both acetylation and α-methylstyrene indicator systems, and potassium hydroxide is determined with the acrylonitrile reagent. Quinoline is determined on mixtures of quinoline and an excess of perchloric acid using the acetylation indicator reaction. The rate of the acrylonitrile reaction is influenced significantly by the presence of dimethyl sulphoxide, which is used to increase the sensitivity of the method. In the α-methylstyrene reaction, the induction time before the reaction commences is also used to measure the catalyst concentration.


In radio astronomy observation, using bandwidth synthesis technique, the observation precision can be improved under limited record bandwidth. The optimal band selection is one of the key problems in bandwidth synthesis. In this paper, the mathematical model of the band selection is established, and the essence of optimal band selection is pointed out, and the optimal band selection algorithm is studied. Aiming at the shortcoming of the conventional method, the genetic algorithm and simulated annealing algorithm are respectively used, and finally a new band selection method based on the genetic simulated annealing algorithm is proposed, combining the two algorithms. Simulating experiments results show that the genetic simulated annealing algorithm is obviously better than the above three method, and has better robustness.


Prosthetic sockets and the related suspension systems play key roles in functional restoration for individuals with limb loss; a good fit of the socket-suspension systems (SSSs) is critical to avoid unexpected skin breakdown. However, maintaining a good fit between the limb and SSS is challenging due to daily volume changes in the residual limb. In clinical practice, the fit of the SSS is monitored only through haptic feedback from the user. While important, this subjective feedback is often unreliable and inaccurate. Several automatic SSS monitoring approaches have been proposed, but widespread adoption has been limited by related high costs and difficulty of use. To address these issues, we designed a wearable SSS monitor that can be adopted for any SSS using liners without requiring permanent modifications of the SSS. Using a tiny magnetic disk as a marker, we were able to monitor the relative displacement between the residual limb (represented by the liner) and the prosthetic socket along the proximal-distal direction using field orientation measurement sensors. We conducted bench tests to validate the high accuracy of the wearable SSS monitor and demonstrated the capability of tracking SSS fit changes during locomotion without permanent modification of the SSS.


The concept of the structure and dynamics of ego-identity in the process of normative crises of adulthood (E.L. Soldatova) and the concept of the structure and genesis of burnout (V.E. Orel) form the basis for this research of professional destructions. It is well-known that most susceptible to the burnout are those of people jobs because of frequent emotional contact with others. However, there is not enough emprical data comparing those groups of people with other professions. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify the relationship features of people having communication and production jobs with professional destructions. In the study we used "MBI", "MBI – GS" and the questionnaire of strategies of behavior in conflict by K.Thomas. T – Student test and linear correlation coefficient r-Pearson were used in SPSS program for mathematical data processing. The results showed that, contrary to the well-established opinion, production workers are more susceptible to the burnout because of cynicism, devaluation of professional achievements and lack of desire to save relationships.


In digital times, Computers are inevitable used in the modern design. Whose education has put the teachers to the joint of art creation, New media and complicated technological teaching. According to the author, a good management of the relationships between teachers, students and computers lies in building the application of computer technology on the application of computer technology on the solid education of traditional design.


In this paper we investigate the use of surface text patterns for a Maximum Entropy based Question Answering (QA) system. These text patterns are collected automatically in an unsupervised fashion using a collection of trivia question and answer pairs as seeds. These patterns are used to generate features for a statistical question answering system. We report our results on the TREC-10 question set.


As a newly established university situated in Honghe Hani Yi Autonomous Prefecture,it is necessary for Honghe University to locate accurately the orientation in order to distinguish itself in the drive of constructing modern university system.This paper gives us a detailed description regarding how to deepen the reform and quicken the development of Honghe University with its characteristics.


In order to reduce the risks of high investment cost, centralized operation and opacity of centralized investment energy storage equipment, this paper proposes a peer-to-peer control and trade method which can realize decentralized peer-to-peer sharing for distributed energy storage equipment based on the blockchain technology. Then, the optimal optimization method of shared energy storage users considering demand response is proposed. Finally, this method is applied to the typical daily load in different seasons and solved by CPLEX. The results show that the optimal optimization method can help users smooth load curve by considering demand response.


In this paper we demonstrate that e-voting protocols based on threshold blind signatures from multiple authorities allow a coalition of eligible voters to cast more than votes. This property presents a serious violation of democracy of the voting process. We analyze the applicability of this violation and provide a generic solution using a public registration board and modified threshold signature schemes.


In his recent plays Stoppard has tended to focus on ideologies of hope as a means of transforming the past and merging history with the present. The title of The Coast of Utopia trilogy (2002) – which derives from Wilde's 1891 essay on socialism – questions the thrust of communism towards ideal social existence, setting the revolutionaries among the impressionists and against Bakunin's anarchists. This is then picked up in Rock 'n' Roll (2006), where the communist regime in Czechoslovakia, as well as a leading Marxist in Britain are each undermined by The Velvet Underground and more pointedly by a band called 'The Plastic People of the Universe.' The arts in general and painting and music in particular become ideals that trump politics. An analysis of the manner in which Stoppard represents these ideals also allows for important insights into questions of historiography.


Mass media constitute one of the main channels of scientific knowledge and technology communication. As such, their function should be to inform about these ...


The electrical resistivity and the thermopower of liquid Cd x-Te12x have been investigated experimentally as a function of temperature over the whole composition range. Due to the high melting point of Cd0.5Te0.5(1098 °C) and the low boiling points of cadmium~765 °C! and tellurium ~990 °C!, the measurements were difficult. Nevertheless, with a different experimental setup we were able to measure the resistivity and the thermopower from the liquidus up to 1200 °C. The resistivity shows a maximum atx50.54 reaching a value of 13 000 mV cm at 1100 °C. A marked feature of liquid Cd x-Te12x is that the thermopower varies rapidly from a positive value in the tellurium rich region to a negative value in the cadmium rich one around the equiatomic composition. The electronic properties, near this composition, were analyzed by using equations derived from the Kubo-Greenwood formula.


We study the power spectrum of dark matter density fluctuations in the framework of the Effective Field Theory of Large Scale Structures (EFTofLSS) up to three loop orders. We show that the extra coefficients in the EFT are sufficient to match numerical simulations with percent accuracy when a generic renormalization prescription is implemented (allowing for running of the individual counter-terms). We show that the level of accuracy increases with respect to the two loop results, up to k ≃ 0.4 h Mpc−1 at redshift z=0, although the overall improvement is somewhat marginal. At the same time, we argue there is evidence that the behavior of the loop expansion in the EFTofLSS is typical of an asymptotic series, already on the brink of its maximum predictive power (at z=0). Hence, the inclusion of higher orders will likely deteriorate the matching to data, even at moderate values of k. Part of the reason for this behavior is due to large contributions to the (renormalized) power spectrum at three loop order from mildly non-linear scales, even after the UV counter-terms are included. In conclusion, the EFTofLSS to three loop orders provides the best approximation to the (deterministic part of the) power spectrum in the weakly non-linear regime at z=0, and higher loops are not expected to improve our level of accuracy.


We study two sharp inequalities involving the instrinsic scalar curvature and extrinsic generalized normalized δ-Casorati curvature of submanifolds of real space forms endowed with a semi-symmetric metric connection, which are the generalization of some recent results related to the Casorati curvature for submanifolds in a real space form with a semi-symmetric metric connection, obtained by Lee et al. [J. Inequal. Appl. 2014, 2014:327].


Background : Diabetes mellitus by controlling it through the management of diabetes mellitus it can prevent it in several ways, namely education, physical exercise, medical nutrition therapy (TNM) and pharmacology.
Purpose : Study is to determine the picture of compliance management diabetes mellitus type 2.
Methods : Method is deskritif explorative. approach in use is a cross-sectional. Type research is quantitative research with a research. by the number of samples 88 respondents. tool used for making research data that is the questionnaire compliance.
Result : Health Center ngoresan obedient in the category of medicine (81%) and physical activity (76%) and disobedient there category knowledge (49%) and therapy nutrition (55%).
Conclusion : Compliance with type 2 diabetes mellitus, 56-65 years old, female sex, high school education, housewife occupation and the majority of them have no family history.
Suggestion: for respondents to continue to live healthy lives by participating in Puskesmas activities and regular treatment.


Tactical Combat Causality Care TCCC card is used by the combat medic who arrives at the battlefield location and analyzes the injuries, by documenting the treatment information and completing the field medical card. This field medical card is a standard method of communication between the combat medic and the combat physician who performs further treatments on the wounded soldier after retrieving injury records and treatment information from TCCC card. This process is time consuming and occupies the medics' hands preventing them from focusing on the treatment of the wounded soldier. This paper proposes a more efficient way to assist the combat medic by recording the audio and then converting it into text and then using information extraction techniques and pattern matching algorithms to automatically complete the TCCC card. This paper describes the proposed system and an algorithm to extract values for the TCCC card. The extracted values are then stored in a XML file and later parsed and stored in as a JAVA object.


Abstract We describe a case of acute obstructive hydrocephalus as a consequence of compression of the brainstem by a large aneurysm of the basilar artery (BA) in a 62-year-old male. After the insertion of the ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS), we encountered the "locked-in syndrome" clinical condition. "Locked-in syndrome" is a clinical state characterized by quadriplegia and anarthria with preserved consciousness, most commonly caused by ischemia in the ventral part of pons.


Internet of Things (IoT) networks have cleared their direction into business and home applications, which incorporate computerization, observing, control and investigation. These applications are under steady danger of assaults from substances which are available inside to the organization, just as outer ones. To get the IoT network from these assaults, methods like high intricacy encryption, hashing, security conservation, trust displaying, and so on are utilized. These strategies target making the organization strong against a gathering of assaults, however don't give an exhaustive security burden the framework. Because of this computational burden, by and large nature of administration for the framework lessens, accordingly diminishing materialness of framework for ongoing and superior execution application. To defeat this disadvantage, this text presents an AI calculation for age of side chains. These side chains have high security execution like an ordinary blockchain, yet are generally less computationally intricate. Because of which they can be utilized for continuous secure IoT applications. Machine learning is utilized for sidechain creation and the board which advances number of sidechains being made. Countless sidechains would increment computational intricacy during the board, while few sidechain would prompt bigger chains, accordingly expanding mining delay. This lacuna is taken care of by the AI model, which is trailed by plan of an exchange learning instrument for sidechain truncation. Blockchain based arrangements consolidate encryption, hashing, permanence, believability, straightforwardness, trust ability and different other safety efforts,because of which they can be utilized for getting IoT networks against a huge number of assaults. However, joining blockchain requires complex computational tasks like hash creation, hash confirmation, block mining, and so on which includes extra computational arrangement. For example, trust-based directing models help with diminishing refusal of administration, man-in-the center, and other hub-based assaults, however are not tough towards hub capturing, worm-opening and other


In order to elucidate the variety of correlated electron phenomena found in filled skutterudite compounds, experiments were performed on single crystals of ternary Ce- and Pr-based filled skutterudite arsenides LnT 4 As 12 (Ln = Ce, Pr; T = Fe, Ru, Os) and pseudoternary Pr-based skutterudite antimonides Pr(Os 1- x Ru x ) 4 Sb 12 and Pr 1- x Nd x Os 4 Sb 12 . For example, the intermediate valence compound CeRu 4 As 12 exhibits non-Fermi liquid characteristics, while the compounds PrT 4 As 12 display ferromagnetic order (18 K) for T = Fe, BCS superconductivity (2.4 K) for T = Ru, unknown order (2.3 K) and antiferromagnetic order (2.2 K) for T = Os. PrOs 4 As 12 appears to be a Kondo lattice system with a small Kondo temperature (∼ 1 K) and an electronic specific heat coefficient γ∼1 J/mol K 2 . The T – x phase diagrams of Pr(Os 1- x Ru x ) 4 Sb 12 and Pr 1- x Nd x Os 4 Sb 12 reveal regions of superconductivity with different order parameter symmetry and magnetic order.


Proper selection of machines and equipment used in underground coal mining significantly influence the increase of their durability and reliability. The paper describes new, created in Poland devices to determine and evaluate the mechanical properties of the carbon (workability) whose co-founder is the author of this paper. These devices reflect the nature of the work of a plough and drum cutter-loader. It is presented their construction, operating principles as well as innovation and originality of used solutions. The devices are certified by enabling them to work in conditions of real mines, as a device intended for use in potentially explosive atmospheres. These devices have been awarded medals and diplomas at many International Fairs and Technological Innovation Exhibitions.


With rough set theory for knowledge reduction capability and C4.5 decision tree algorithm for fast classification of strengths, an improved rough set-decision tree model for fault diagnosis of wind generation system is built. The results show that the proposed method can not only decreases the workload of feature datum extraction, but also identifies the fault patterns rapidly and accurately, and it exhibits better engineering practicality comparing with the C4.5-based method.


Sensor networks are comprised of devices having the ability to communicate, compute and sense the environment. A wide range of information processing tasks has been studied for such networks, including operating systems, issues, architecture optimization, and distributed data processing. In this paper, we analyze and compare four different techniques to estimate the gradient of the function represented by the sensor samples. These include: (GA1) a simple device ID defined direction, (GA2) directional derivative, (GA3) polynomial approximation with a plane, and (GA4) polynomial approximation with a quadratic. We compare these based on density of devices per unit area, and noise in the position and sensed data. The interesting result is that GA3 significantly outperforms the other algorithms, although GA1 performs very well and is much easier to compute than the others.


With the decoupling of fatherhood and marriage (Carlson, 2020) and the growth of stepfamilies (Guzzo, 2021), fathers do not always reside with their biological or adopted children. Previous profiles have explored fathers with resident minor children (Eickmeyer, 2018) and this profile centers on fathers' parenting experiences by comparing fathers coresiding (part- or full-time) with their children versus those who are not. We distinguish fathers with only coresidential, only non-coresidential, or both coresidential and non-coresidential children. In this Profile when we reference children, we focus on minor (under 18) biological and adopted children. We examine these experiences according to father's educational attainment, marital status, and race/ ethnicity. Our analyses rely on pooled samples from the 2015-2017 and 2017-2019 cycles of the National Survey of Family Growth because the NSFG is one of the few data sources that asks fathers about both their coresidential and non-coresidential children.


In this paper we present logic from various perspectives, starting from the standard way typically taught in an undergraduate course. We expose the relation- ship with other mathematical structures, namely closure relations, closure operators, coalgebras and bialgebras. more intuitive and therefore more often used in class room, while the latter considers only the formal properties of deduction ignoring the structure of formulae. The algebraic approach to sentential logic is very powerful, since it allows the use of tools and results from universal algebra (e.g. ultraproducts) to study logical systems. One important methodology is the classical Lindenbaum-Tarski process which associates to a sentential logic a class of algebras. Paradigmatic examples are the Boolean algebras in clas- sical propositional logic and Heyting algebras for the intuitionistic propositional logic. These classes of algebras can be viewed as the algebraic counterpart of its corresponding logic in the sense that there is a close relationship between the deductive theory of the logic and the equational theory of the algebras. Abstract algebraic logic goes further, the focus is no longer on the algebraic form of specic logical systems, but on the process of algebraisation itself (cf. (1)). In the second part of this paper we present logic (to be more precise: a consequence relation) on an abstract set rather then a set of formulae. We exhibit various ways to encode this structure which have roots in dierent elds of mathematics, namely topology and (co)algebra. We emphasise that properties of these structures and of maps between them can be expressed by simply (in)equalities and with the help of suitable dened compositions, which is useful when transporting notions or ideas from one structure to the other since the transition maps preserve both composition and inequalities. Our presentation here rests partially on general results of (8).


‡‡ Catastrophic failure of a Reusable Launch Vehicle ( RLV) during launch poses a significant engineering problem in the context of c rew escape. The explosive hazard potential of the RLV changes during the various phases of the launch. The hazard potential in the on-pad environment is characterized by relea se and formation of a gas phase mixture in an oxidizer rich environment, while the hazard d uring the in-flight phase is dominated by the boundary layer and wake flow formed around the vehicle and the interaction with the exhaust gas plume. In order to address more effect ively crew escape in these explosive environments a computational analysis program was undertaken by Lockheed Martin, funded by NASA JSC, with simulations and analyses completed by Southwest Research Institute and Sandia National Laboratories. This p aper presents then the details of the methodology used in this analysis, results of the s tudy, and important conclusions that came out of the study.


Computer technology is a major course of electrical speciality,To adapt new situation,details of teaching content should be adjusted and new algorithm and new technology should be added;At the teaching method,Matlab/Simulink tool is used to encourage students to work out programms for designing and simulation,practical case is introduced to emulate their interest and develop their ability;Operation ability of students is strengthened through experiments.


Abstract The first complete mitochondrial genome sequence of parthenogenetic Caucasian rock lizard Darevskia unisexualis (Lacertidae family) is determined by hybrid assembly with Illumina HiSeq and PacBio RS II platforms. The circular 21.4 kbp mitogenome contains 13 protein-coding genes, 12S and 16S rRNA genes, 20 tRNAs, two pseudogenized tRNAs, and one long tandem repeats with 4.1 kbp length formed by 59 bp monomer repeated x70.6 times located before control region. This finding represents a new example of mitogenome variation in lizards of hybrid origin, providing fundamental data for following study of a unique hybridization system formed by parthenogenetic and bisexual species in the mountain steppe of central Armenia.


PURPOSE This study was designed to propose a quantitative base training evaluation method through alpine ski training monitoring using a triaxial accelerometer.METHODS Twelve Korean alpine ski athletes, six each in France and New Zealand, participated in this study. Activity data during training and daily living were collected for 7 days via the Actigraph GT9X. The collected data were downloaded through ActiLife Ver 6.13.1. Energy expenditure was calculated with Freedson (2011), and the resting metabolic rate was corrected using the Harris & Benedict (1918) formula. Further, the physical activity intensity classification criteria and METs formula of Freedson (1998) were used to classify hourly activity intensity. The collected data were organized by date, time, intensity, and energy expenditure using Microsoft Excel 2016. Differences between weekdays vs. weekends and skiing vs. physical training were analyzed through a paired sample t-test using Windows SPSS 23 with a significance level of a=.05.RESULTS First, both groups showed repetitive on and off high-intensity activities during scheduled ski training and competition. Second, moderate-intensity activities accounted for an average of 6-10%, and the weekly total time and intensity of MVPA was very high. Finally, the group from France showed differences in total energy expenditure during weekdays vs. weekends (p<.05) and the energy expenditure of both ski training and physical training during weekdays vs. weekends (p<.05). The New Zealand group showed a difference in total energy consumption during weekdays vs. weekends (p<.05).CONCLUSIONS A systematic training program based on quantitative training evaluation should be developed for alpine ski athletes to maintain proper rest and exercise intensity levels.


On the Struggle Against Revisionism, National Veterans Committee of the Communist Party Our Country Needs a Strong Communist Party, William Z. Foster What America Faces - the New War Danger and the Struggle for Peace, Democracy and Economic Security, Eugene Dennis Theory and Practice of the Communist Party - First Course, National Education Department of the Communist Party Should Americans Back the Marshall Plan?, Joseph Starobin The Third Party and the 1948 Elections, Eugene Dennis What's Behind the Berlin Crisis?, Joseph Clark 1948 Election Platform of the Communist Party, Communist Party of the United States The Twelve and You - What Happens to Democracy is Your Business, Too!, Elizabeth Gurley Flynn The North Atlantic Pact - For Peace or War?, Abraham Chapman Halt Wall Street Aggression in Asia, National Committee of the Communist Party The Truth About the Prague Trial, Louis Harap On the Loss of Stalin, National Committee of the Communist Party Coexistence or No Existence - Which Way for America? Peace or H-Bomb Annihilation?, Adam Lapin The Meaning of the Twentieth Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, Max Weiss Khrushchev's Secret Speech, Nikita S. Khrushchev Structure and Organisation of the Communist Party of the United States, US House of Representatives Committee on Un-American Activities Sense and Nonsense About Berlin, Margrit and John Pitman Action of Socialist Countries in Czechoslovakia, William Weinstone Women on the Job - the Communist View, Judy Edelman The 25th Convention and the Fight for Party Unity, James Tyner.


New measurements of field saturated hydraulic conductivity, soil moisture, rain intensity, surface runoff and erosion are presented with earlier published data on soil physical properties, stream water quality and runoff and dissolved nutrient losses from a paired catchment experiment in Sabah, Malaysia. The catchment experiment compared crawler tractor extraction and burning (normal practice, catchment W5) versus manual extraction and no burning (W4). Another catchment where secondary vegetation after forest fire was cleared and burned before planting was also studied (W1 + 2). Two separate control catchments were also included; one was for rainforest (W6) and the other comprised secondary vegetation (W3). Although hydraulic conductivity was reduced in clay soils at 20 and 40 cm depths under tractor tracks, the decrease was less drastic than for steady-state infiltrability on both clay and sand topsoils, since control topsoils (0-20 cm) were well aggregated in contrast to more compact subsoils with higher clay content. Topsoils were close to saturation at all times, also after treatments, but control forest surface runoffin slopes (excluding valley bottom) comprised only 2.9% of rainfall in a wet year. Except for just after burning, clear-felling did not increase slope surface runoff on undisturbed clay topsoils, and surface erosion was not increased, except for the erosion of ash after burning. On tractor tracks, extensive surface runoff caused surface and gully erosion. Elevated concentrations of suspended sediment in stormflow in W5 were back to pretreatment levels within 2 years. Under manual extraction suspended particulate loss was approximately half, most of which emanated from sediments activated by increasing stream runoff. Dissolved nutrient losses from catchment W5 in kilograms per hectare were 39.9 (N), 1.3 (P), 189 (K), 27 (Ca) and 16 (Mg) in the 33 months during and after treatments; these amounts were equivalent to between 10 and 185% of the removal in the harvest. For the 'minimum disturbance' of W4, the increased nutrient loss was halved, except for Ca. Burning of residues in Wl + 2 and W5 increased dissolved losses dramatically over a short period. 0022-1694/96/$15.00 © 1996 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved SSDI 0022-1694(95)02757-2 130 A. Maimer / Journal of Hydrology 174 (1996) 129-148 The bulk of soil water was concluded to move quickly as troughflow in topsoil. Hence, 'bypassing' of retention possibilities in the largest pores with small specific surfaces led to large dissolved nutrient stream losses in this humid tropical environment, even without soil disturbance and extensive surface runoff.


Sodium glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are an effective class of medications for adults with type 2 diabetes. In this population, they reduce the risk of renal failure, heart failure, myocardial infarction, cardiovascular mortality and, potentially, all-cause mortality. However, they are associated with clinically important adverse events, including diabetic ketoacidosis, volume depletion and genital infection. Because SGLT2 inhibitors result in marked glycosuria, it was anticipated that SGLT2 inhibitors might also cause urinary tract infection (UTI). In 2015, based on 19 cases of sepsis due to UTI among adults who received an SGLT2 inhibitor the FDA released a safety communication and updated the drug label about an increased risk of serious UTI. However, the available evidence to date suggests that SGLT2 inhibitors do not cause UTI. This was surprising, given that women with diabetes mellitus have a threefold higher odds of UTI compared with adults without diabetes mellitus. We hypothesize that the explanation may lie in the differing pathogenesis of genital infection compared with UTI, coupled with the diuresis induced by SGLT2 inhibitors. Approximately 80%–90% of glucose is reabsorbed at the proximal convoluted tubule via SGLT2. SGLT2 inhibitors act by inhibiting the reabsorption of glucose and by lowering the renal threshold for glucose excretion. The osmotic diuresis created by SGLT2 inhibitors results in up to 100 g of glucose being excreted into the urine each day, which is equivalent to about 400 cal, or 25 teaspoons of sugar. One of the most common causes of a genital infection is Candida albicans and glucose may act as a growth-limiting substrate for many Candida species. Although typically a harmless commensal organism, most women experience at least one symptomatic yeast infection in their lifetime. Diabetes is a known risk factor for genital infection, particularly in adults with poorly controlled diabetes who have glycosuria. In addition to the immunosuppressive effects of poorly controlled diabetes, it is thought that glycosuria results in an increased amount of glucose present on the genitalia, which could drive yeast growth and impair local neutrophil function. Candida are able to adhere to the genitalia through an expression of cell surface molecules called adhesins, which in bacteria may be modified by the presence of glucose. Attachment triggers the yeast-to-hypha transition, growth and expression of invasins, which mediates uptake of the fungus by the host cell. If untreated, this can result in a yeast infection of the genitalia, which typically causes pain, redness, swelling and pruritus. Based on clinical trial literature, approximately 6% of adults with diabetes randomized to an SGLT2 inhibitor experience a genital infection compared with approximately 2% with placebo. A recent metaanalysis, including 56 clinical trials confirmed this observation, and found that SGLT2 inhibitors were associated with a threefold higher risk ratio [RR = 3.30, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.74, 3.99, I = 22%] for genital infection, regardless of sex, compared with placebo or other classes of diabetes medications. Nearly identical results have been found in observational studies (Table 1). For example, in the study by Dave et al., diagnostic codes specific to yeast infections caused by Candida were used and they observed a nearly threefold higher rate of genital infection among adults who received an SGLT2. In contrast, the current literature does not support an increased risk of UTI with SGLT2 inhibitors. The most recent meta-analysis included 68 clinical trials and found the rate of UTI with SGLT2 inhibitor to be no different than placebo/comparator medication (RR = 1.05, 95% CI 0.98–1.12, I = 0). Because clinical trials are often underpowered to detect adverse events, and often exclude patients at highest risk, observational studies using real-world data with much Received: 14 November 2019 Revised: 22 December 2019 Accepted: 4 January 2020


ABSTRACT The selling of handicrafts is a major business worldwide. Its lucrative nature is enhanced by tourism, especially cultural tourism, given that many people travel extensively to other parts of the world either on leisure or business. Handicrafts sold greatly contribute to the economic welfare of developing countries, thus, improving handicraft business is necessary as it goes hand in hand with tourism. The objective of this study was to find out the target market for handicrafts and the correct marketing channels and strategies used in positioning the products. The research was conducted in and around Gaborone. It targeted primary producers, middlemen, and the general population, which includes actual and potential buyers.


A procedure is presented for design of detention basins for industrial sites. The procedure involves simulating the operation of the detention basin for the entire period of rainfall record in order to determine the storm runoff storage requirements as a function of recurrence interval, the treatment duration relationship, and the storage volume duration relationship for different maximum rates of treatment of outflow. These results can then be used to consider the trade-offs between storage volume, treatment rate, storage duration, treatment duration, and frequency of the design event being equalled or exceeded.


Purpose This article describes supervisors' experiences with integrating the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA) Ad Hoc Committee on Supervision Training (AHCST) resources into a cl...


The Type I, II and hybrid (I+II) seesaw mechanism, which explain why neutrinos are especially light, are consequences of the left-right symmetric model (LRSM). They can be classified by the ranges of parameters of LRSM. We show that a nearly cancellation between general Type-(I+II) seesaw is more natural than other types of seesaw in the LRSM if we consider their stability against radiative correction. In this scenario the small neutrino masses are due to the structure cancellation, and the masses of the right handed neutrino can be of order of O(10)TeV. The realistic model for non-zero neutrino masses, charged lepton masses and lepton tribimaximal mixing can be implemented by embedding A4 flavor symmetry in the model with perturbations to the textures.


The author surveyed the tooth development of 50 cleft affected children(M: 34, F:16). The following results were obtained. 1. The difference between the chronologic age and dental age was 0.61 years in the cleft group and 0.15 years in the control group. The delay in tooth development was observed in the cleft group. 2, In the cleft group, there was no difference in the delay of tooth development between the boys and the girls. 3. In the cleft group, there was no difference in the delay of tooth development between the maxilla and the mandible. 4. The delay of tooth development was more severe in the bilateral cleft group than in the unilateral cleft group. 5. In the unilateral cleft, there was no difference in tooth formation between the cleft side and corresponding side.


This document describes a mobility services framework design (MSFD)
for the IEEE 802.21 Media Independent Handover (MIH) protocol that
addresses identified issues associated with the transport of MIH
messages. The document also describes mechanisms for mobility service
(MoS) discovery and transport layer mechanisms for the reliable
delivery of MIH messages. This document does not provide mechanisms
for securing the communication between a mobile node (MN) and the
mobility service (MoS). Instead, it is assumed that either lower layer
(e.g., link layer) security mechanisms, or overall system-specific
proprietary security solutions, are used.


In this paper, the challenges faced by the micro, small and medium-sized enterprises are introduced, followed by the detailed analysis of current international trade training under market economy conditions. Problems are pointed out together with the proposal of building international trade training system under the mechanism of "government,school, industry association, and enterprise" four party interaction so as to promote the development of the micro, small and medium-sized enterprises.


We analyze linear and nonlinear modes of metal–dielectric–metal slot waveguides taking into account the effect of losses at the metallic cladding. First, we study a linear core and then assume it to be nonlinear with a Kerr-type nonlinear response. In the linear case, we summarize the earlier results of the frequency dispersion analysis showing the mode transformation when losses are increasing. For the nonlinear case, after a brief review of the earlier results on the lossless plasmonic slot waveguides, we demonstrate that losses lead to the existence of complex nonlinear modes which we describe through the dependence of mode power on the propagation constant. We show that losses bring many novel features into this nonlinear system resulting in novel bifurcations and novel types of nonlinear guided modes, as well as the existence of limiting values for the propagation constant and the modes with an unlimited power. We also study the mode stability by means of numerical simulation using the finite difference time domain method.


Enterprises' capitalization is the process in which an enterprise realizes its market value at a capital market,and its measurement index is also market value.The intellectual capital(IC) could promote the value creation of enterprises and increase enterprises' market values.As the development of IC roots in investment,the IC investment could promote the capitalization of enterprises.Using adjusted VAIC method and data from 15 Chinese software listed companies,the finding of the paper indicates that,fixed assets,human capital and structural capital have positive influences on capitalization of enterprises,while the relational capital has negative influences on capitalization of enterprises.


Introduction: Although most of the current geochemical models of the formation and evolution of the Moon are based upon anhydrous conditions, recent studies have found indigenous hydrogen (H) in lunar samples, including lunar volcanic glasses, olivinehosted melt inclusions, apatites and plagioclase [1-5]. The presence of H within the lunar interior indicates the Moon is not as volatile-depleted relative to Earth as previously thought [6]. This is further supported by recent studies that focused on the volatile siderophile elements (VSE) such as As, In and Sb [7-9]. These studies showed that these elements are not necessarily depleted in the lunar mantle due to degassing only, but are likely to be significantly depleted due to preferential segregation into the lunar core. The presence of H may influence trace element partitioning systematics as it could affect the activity of major element oxide and/or trace element components in the silicate melt. However, the effects of H on metal-silicate partitioning of siderophile elements are not well constrained. Righter and Drake (1999) studied the effects of H on metal-silicate partitioning of refractory siderophile elements, but did not find consistent effects of H [10]. A recent study also found no evidence for effects of H on metal-silicate partitioning of many refractory elements [11]. To additionally explore the feasibility of significant storage of VSE in planetary cores, we performed high pressure (P) – temperature (T) experiments to assess the effects of H on the metal-silicate partitioning of VSE. We apply these results to the Moon and assess the possible effects of H on the outcome of current lunar core formational models. Approach: High P-T metal-silicate partitioning experiments were performed using an end-loaded piston cylinder press. Experiments were conducted at 1 GPa and 1673-1873K using AuPd or Pt outer capsules and graphite inner capsules. Capsules were loaded with a synthetic basalt composition and 0-4 wt.% H2O, which was added through addition of Al(OH)3 along with Cs. The metal composition consisted of Fe metal plus trace elements (As, Cd, In, Pb, Sb, Se, Te) [12]. Samples were analysed with EMPA and LA-ICP-MS for majorand trace elements. As H cannot be measured directly with EPMA or LA-ICP-MS, Cs was added as an internal proxy because Cs is known to behave like H+ in terms of high volatility and incompatible partitioning behavior [13]. Glassed starting compositions were measured to determine the initial Cs abundance and therefore the H/Cs ratio after addition of Al(OH)3 to the starting composition. To ensure the accuracy of the Cs proxy method, comparison with another method of calculating the H content is required. As the water was added to the composition through addition of Al(OH)3, the concentration of H2O within the experiment can be calculated through the dehydration reaction of Al(OH)3 [11]: 2 Al(OH)3 → Al2O3 + 3H2O (1) By substracting the Al2O3 concentrations of the glassed dry starting composition, the excess Al2O3 can be calculated. This provides an independent estimate for the concentration of H2O which can be used to verify the Cs method.


The purpose of this study is to examine hollowing-out of service sector of Seoul Metropolitan Area in terms of structural changes. This paper...


Over the last two decades , quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) has received significant attention as an emerging computing technology (Lent et al., 1993). The basic elements in this technology are the QCA cells, as shown in Fig. 1. Each cell contains two mobile electrons and four quantum dots located in the corners. As per the occupancy of the electrons in the dots, a QCA cell can take different states. A null state (polarization 0) occurs when the electrons are not settled. The other two states are referred to as polarization+1 and−1, denoted as P = +1 and P = −1 respectively. In these states due to Coulombic interactions, the electrons occupy the two diagonal configurations as shown in Fig. 1(b) and (c). These two states are identified with the so-called ground (stable) states. Any intermediate polarization between+1 and−1 is defined as a combination of states P = +1 and P = −1. By encoding the polarizations −1 and +1 into binary logic 0 and logic 1, QCA operation can be mapped into binary functions. For clocking and to allow QCA cells to reach a ground state, an adiabatic four-phased switching scheme has been introduced (Lent & Tougaw, 1997). By modulating the tunneling energy between the dots in a cell, this clocking scheme drives each cell through a depolarized state, a latching state, a hold phase, and then back to the depolarized state, such that the information flow is controlled through the QCA devices.


The reaction between [Pd2(dba)3] (dba=dibenzylideneacetone), tributylphosphine, and a bis(cycloalkeno)-1,4-diseleninleads to either a mononuclear [Pd{SeC(R1)2 C(R2)Se}(PBu3)2], or a dinuclear [Pd2{SeC(R1)2 C(R2)Se}2(PBu3)2] diselenolene (R1–R2=(CH2)
 n
 ; n
 =4, 5,6) depending on the stoichiometry employed; the structure of the monomeric product with n
 =5 has been determined by X-ray crystallography.


This paper studies successful African American students' perception of their mathematics education, mathematics knowledge, and their interaction with peers. Two female and four male participants attending the same southern four-year university completed courses in calculus 1, 2, and 3. Data was gathered using interviews, surveys, exemplary teacher observations, and autobiographies. It was concluded that the participants in this study generally had positive feelings about their mathematics education and knowledge. They felt that they were successful because they could apply the reasoning and logic skills of mathematics to their everyday lives. (Contains 16 references.) (ASK) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. African American Mathematic Student Perceptions of Peers, Education, and Mathematical Experiences by Angiline Powell-Mikle PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE AND DISSEMINATE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY 1 TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC)


Spectral properties of different forms of several vitisin-type pigments, recently found in red wines and grapes, were studied. These orange-red tone compounds seem to be promising anthocyanin based food colors.


High-speed photographic techniques have been used to observe the interaction of an arc-driven high-energy plasma with a water working fluid. The tests are conducted in a high-pressure vessel with an instrumented polyethylene-lined plasma cartridge that injects into a Lexan walled mixing chamber 1.9 cm in diameter that is filled with water. The mixing chamber pressure and time-dependent velocity of a projectile driven by the plasma-water interaction are measured simultaneously with the electrical characteristics of the plasma discharge. Tests in which mechanical confinement of the mixing system and power dissipation levels are varied have been performed. Tests in which a water-based gel is used as working fluid and a test in which the output of the plasma cartridge is distributed through the mixing chamber region have also been performed.


In this paper, we propose a new intelligent load shedding strategy applying fuzzy control algorithms. This strategy is based on the estimate, in real time, of the load quantity to shed. Even though, Shedding exact amount of load is not possible and end up with more than necessary or insufficient at power system that begin to be sustain system safe, secure, strength. This paper shows an intelligent load shedding strategy in electrical system of Savee tha School of Engineering Campus consisting different type and size of loads and being supplied by a distributed generator with electricity board. DG & TNEB which supply with Saveetha School of Engineering Campus can't meet energy requirement when there is a disturbance in power system. In case of 280Kw from TNEB & 300 KW Solar power plant to be building at University Campus supply to SSE Faculty, the difference between power generation and demand can decrease. In this case, load shedding becomes necessary to improve reliability of power supply and sustain system stability. Loads are sorted by importance priority and optimal load shedding International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics Volume 119 No. 12 2018, 15889-15900 ISSN: 1314-3395 (on-line version) url: http://www.ijpam.eu Special Issue ijpam.eu


In the introduction to his book on managing marketing relationships, Adam Lindgreen states, "The story of how relationship marketing fits into the broader marketing landscape has been inconsistent. Empirical work underpinning the conceptual development within relationship marketing often has been lacking, so relationship marketing is characterized more by rhetoric than by publication efforts containing empirical findings" (3). Starting from this premise, which is wholly shared by me, the work takes a global look at the relationship marketing phenomenon by examining four research areas, identified by the author as the following: understanding of relationship marketing (chapter 3), implementation of relationship marketing (chapter 4), evolution of relationship marketing (chapter 5), and control of relationship marketing (chapter 6). Two specific topics are dealt with in each area. In this way, Lindgreen manages to arrange the results obtained from a vast quantity of empirical studies published over a decade, many of which were realized in collaboration with other marketing scholars, into an organic framework. The first area of research—understanding relationship marketing—is analyzed in chapter 3 of the book and can be considered as preliminary to the other three areas. The work carried out by Lindgreen is based on an extensive review of academic and business press literature and dialogues with middle managers. The first part of the chapter develops a thorough overview of seminal research on value in business markets from the perspective of marketing and the supply and purchasing process, and then categorizes this research according to two distinct levels of analysis: the value of goods and services and the value of relationships between buyers and sellers. On the second level, the author compares the two principal research streams present in the literature: the creation of value through relationships (Coviello et al. 2002), and the resulting value of relationships on which the Industrial Marketing and Purchasing School is focused, starting from the seminal work edited by Håkansson (1982). The second part of the chapter was written together with Richard Brookes and Rod Brodie, and attention is focused on what the business press and middle managers


In this first reported study, the hydrodistilled volatile oils from the fragrant aerial parts (Ranunculus millefoliatus) and leaves (Acanthus dioscoridis) were investigated by GC-MS and GC-FID. In total 78 constituents, 46 and 44 compounds representing 92.5 and 92.57% of the volatile oil were identified from A. dioscoridis and R. millefoliatus respectively. The main volatile constituents of ADL-Oils were caryophyllene oxide (3.1%), E -phytol acetate (3.6%), (E)-β-ionone (3.7%), spathulenol (8.8%), phytol (15.7%), palmitic acid (23.0%). The major compounds of RMA-Oils were palmitic acid (4.89%), (E)-nerolidol (6.89%), αcopaen-11-ol (11.96%), γ-eudesmol (12.84%) and α-eudesmol (35.98%). The RMA-oils and ADL-oils displayed the cytotoxicity with IC50 12.28 and 15.44 μg/ml respectively. The antioxidant showed that the methanolic extract from RMA was stronger than ADL, with IC50 values (54 and 118 μg/ml) respectively. Likewise, the antioxidant activity of RMA-oils was found to be stronger than ADL-oils (43 and 105 μg/ml) respectively, compared with BHT (IC50, 24 μg/ml), as a positive control.


In the field of sentiment analysis there are many algorithms exist to NLP problems. The matter of classifying sentiments in twitter dataset is incredibly a lot of necessary in real issues like decision-making and information system. In this paper a new general accuracy function selection and classification is proposed using optimized deep learning approach. This new method is proposed to solve the misclassification problem in social media review data set. In addition, the work is defined with a mew general accuracy feature selection technique using convolution neutral network clubbed with evolutionary optimized technique. A new deep learning fuzzy based classification is designed and used to extract features to identify the optimal feature selection fray bag of words, evolutionary method along with conditional neural networks permits to define novel accuracy Function for the designed Fuzzy-Long short Term memory classification of data under social comments in twitter will support to achieve better security and improves performance. This proposed technique prevents misclassification in better achievement with high reliability in achieving better performance evaluation and also the work solves the gap of more accurate detection of both sentiments and relevant emotion in text, The combination of optimized CNN with Fuzzy-LSTM gives better performance dealing with quick identification of aspect level sentiment analysis.


Roses are the most important product exportation of flower industries in Colombia, and the downy mildew produced by Peronospora sparsa Berkeley is the most limiting disease. The attack prediction is an important tool to prevent and combat this disease, decreasing the flower production cost. P. sparsa depends of microclimate conditions for its biological development. In this work, a dual model to predict sporulation is presented based on the known temperature and relative humidity near the plant (microclimate) during the night before to the prediction, allowing a reliability level above 95% on determining the parasite sporulation and with that information take a decision about the fungicide application in the crop.


Existing popular methods for semi-supervised node classification with high-order convolution improve the learning ability of graph convolutional networks (GCNs) by capturing the feature information from high-order neighborhoods. However, these methods with high-order convolution usually require many parameters and high computational complexity. To address these limitations, we propose HCNP, a new higher-order GCN for semi-supervised node learning tasks, which can simultaneously aggregate information of various neighborhoods by constructing high-order convolution. In HCNP, we reduce the number of parameters using a weight sharing mechanism and combine the neighborhood information via multi-scale neighborhood pooling. Further, HCNP does not require a large number of hidden units, and it fits a few parameters and exhibits low complexity. We show that HCNP matches GCNs in terms of complexity and parameters. Comprehensive evaluations on publication citation datasets (Citeseer, Pubmed, and Cora) demonstrate that the proposed methods outperform MixHop in most cases while maintaining lower complexity and fewer parameters and achieve state-of-the-art performance in terms of accuracy and parameters compared to other baselines.


Translucent or Light-transmitting concrete (LTC) is regarded as a green material capable of minimizing energy usage by eliminating the need for electrical energy used for artificial lighting during the day. Translucent concrete has structural and aesthetical performances, and the most common translucent materials in concrete are based on waste glass, resin, and optical fibres. According to previous studies, different types of LTC have varying degrees of translucency, strength, and thermal conductivity. Regardless of material, various parameters and variables, including fiber volumetric fraction, diameter, curing conditions, light wavelength, arrangement or angles, numerical aperture, and distance, affect the structural and light transmittance qualities of LTC, which will be explained in this study. Regarding the result of previous studies, the rise in the ratio of optical fibres increases the level of transmitted light in the material while it decreases the compressive strength remarkably in LTC containing a fibre ratio of more than 5%. Based on the results, it was concluded that the ideal fiber ratio for energy savings is 6% and more in concrete, while less than 5% volumetric fraction of optical fibre is suitable for mechanical qualities. As a result, there is a gap in research relating the ideal optical fiber ratios in concrete to attain maximum efficiency, which requires more studies to achieve the optimal amount in terms of economy, strength, and energy saving.


The 3D reconstruction of an opacified vasculature from a set of subtracted 2D x-ray projections is an ill-posed problem for which prior information must be taken into account in order to stabilize the solution. The high contrast and sparseness characteristics of opacified blood vessels may be used through the introduction of a region of support (ROS) of the object to be reconstructed. This paper compares different techniques to build and use an ROS in 3D vascular reconstruction. The ROS is obtained either by segmenting the 2D projections or by segmenting in 3D a coarse estimate of the reconstructed object. The conclusion is that the use of an ROS does not improve the quality of the reconstruction, although it does dramatically reduce its computational requirements. Another conclusion is that the 3D segmentation approach seems to be more robust than the 2D segmentation one.


The tourism industry has realized that the goals to protect the environment and goals of the economy are often not compatible. Thus countries such as Jamaica whose principal economic earner is tourism are seeking methods to green their national accounts and policies. However livelihood socioeconomic systems of the local population often conflict with sustainable policies. Furthermore these livelihood systems to eke out a living are often not regulated and fall outside the formal structures of governance, and sustainable regulation systems and policies. This article examines this Pandora's Box within the context of Jamaica, Cockpit country with a focus on water, as natural resource used by both the tourist sector and the local population.


Information-based organizations such as universities engage in the collection and use of personal information about customers such as students. Do students feel concerned about their university's practices related to students' personal data collection and use? What effects do these two concerns have on students' feeling of alienation? Using data collected from a survey of 187 students at a large U.S. university, we investigate the effects of these two privacy concerns on students' alienation. Implications of the results are discussed in light of ethics, strategy, design, control and administration of personal information management systems.


Two-dimensional covalent organic frameworks (2D-COFs) are drawing increasing interest due to the unique configurations and exotic properties. Here, using density-functional theory calculations, we prove the stability of C2N6S3 monolayer by an imagery-frequency-free phonon spectrum, and demonstrate a new ternary 2D-COF: C2N6O3, C2N6Se3 and C2N6Te3 monolayers. The sawtooth-like linkages make the C2N6S3 is soft, and sustain a biaxial tensile strain up to 24% which is as much as graphene. The electronic band structure exhibits linear dispersion near the Fermi level with a flat band right above the Dirac bands, which is unlike the other hexagonal organic monolayers with Dirac cone. The Fermi velocity is comparable to that in graphene and can be tuned by applying biaxial tensile strain. Similar results are also found in its analogs, such as C2N6O3, C2N6Se3 and C2N6Te3 monolayers. This opens an avenue for the design of 2D Dirac materials.


Cloud computing provides a shared pool of resources for large-scale distributed applications. Recent trends such as fog computing and edge computing spread the workload of clouds closer towards the edge of the network and the users. Exploiting the edge resources efficiently requires managing the resources and directing user traffic to the correct edge servers. In this paper we propose to profile and group users according to their interest profiles. We consider edge caching as an example and through our evaluation show the potential benefits of directing users from the same group to the same caches. We investigate a range of workloads and parameters and the same conclusions apply. Our results highlight the importance of grouping users and demonstrate the potential benefits of this approach.


We determine all tight Lagrangian surfaces in S2×S2. In particular, globally tight Lagrangian surfaces in S2 × S2 are nothing but real forms.


Abstract Biotelemetry of shortnose sturgeon Acipenser brevirostrum and Atlantic sturgeon A. oxyrinchus oxyrinchus was used to study fish uses of habitat in several hierarchical classes in the Connecticut and Merrimack rivers. Hierarchical classes were geomorphological region (straight river run, run with an island, and river curve), river cross section (channel or shoal), and microhabitat (water depth, bottom current, substrate, and illumination). Coastal wandering juvenile Atlantic sturgeon were summer visitors to the Merrimack River, where they used a narrow range of habitat on all spatial scales, e.g., run-with-island, the channel portion of the cross section, and sand substrate. Shortnose sturgeon, year-round residents in both rivers, showed great individual variation in habitat use, and all ages selected a broad range of habitats on all spatial scales. However, shortnose sturgeon in both rivers preferred curves with sand or cobble substrate and avoided runs regardless of substrate. Individuals used c...


This paper approaches automatic control system for elevation of DEMAG DF-140CS pitch paver, summarizes the faults in use for the purpose of any help to the practice of operation.


Background: Skin diseases are common contributors to disease morbidity worldwide, particularly among adolescents. Although skin diseases are rarely lethal, they can have a significant impact in terms of treatment cost, absence from school, and psychological distress. Verruca vulgaris (cutaneous warts) is a common skin problem in adolescents that commonly affects the hands and feet. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of warts among nursing students.Methods: Three hundred and twenty eight undergraduate degree students of nursing college were examined for skin conditions after an unprecedented sporadic visitors form the nursing college with palmo-plantar warts. The study was conducted at Sree Mookambika Institute of Medical Sciences, Kulasekharam, Kanyakumari district during the period of 20 March 2019 to 25 March 2019.Results: Among the 328 students, 102 students (31%) remained healthy dermatologically. Seborrheic dermatitis was found among 145 students (4.4%), pediculosis was found in 40 students (12%). 34 students were having palmoplantar warts (10.4%). Among these, nearly 30 were having palmar warts and only 4 were having plantar and palmar warts. 83 first year students were not having any warts in their hands or foot, whereas 11 among 2nd year, 16 among 3rd year students and 7 among 4th year students were having viral warts. Prevalence was more among 2nd and 3rd year students.Conclusions: Screening of hostel students should also include for the presence of viral skin disease like herpes simplex, Herpes zoster and HPV infections and they should be treated then and there to break the chain of transmission.


Velvet Bonds is based on the author's extensive field research in China and Taiwan and statistical analyses of thousands of household registers and TATs (thematic aperception tests).


We have reported that in aysmmetric mirror reflectivity GaInAsP/InP DFB laser, a high single longitudinal mode (SLM) operation yield was achieved by adjusting a KL to to be 0.5 to 1 and a power reflectivity of a low reflecting end to be 0.05 when the other end is as cleaved [1]. This is because that an axial hole burning effect which breaks SLM operation at high output power is not serious as to reduce the gain difference. In such a weakly coupled case, there is a possibility of unnecessary Fabry-Perot (FP) mode lasing due to a mismatch between a gain peak wavelength and a lasing wavelength of DFB mode when a temperature is changed. Here we have examined an effect of the mismatch for 1.3µm DFB lasers, and made clear an optimum region of the wavelength mismatch. With this optimization, low threshold high efficiency DFB lasers with high SLM operation yield over a wide temperature range have been realized.


Abstract In the case of a coastal power system with high wind power integration, the frequent occurrence of typhoons may threaten the structural safety of the network and induce rapid ramp events of wind power. This article proposes a dispatch strategy for a power system with high wind power integration under a typhoon environment, comprehensively considering the phenomena and problems that occur in real typhoon disasters. First, the fragility curve of the tower is modeled considering the joint effects of wind and rain. Second, a filtering technique is adopted to enhance the effects of the high outage probability towers on network reliability. Third, a wind power curtailment strategy that restricts the extremely rapid ramp of wind power during typhoons is developed. Finally, both the curtailment strategy of wind power and the structural failure of the network are incorporated into the risk-based dispatch strategy during typhoon events. Analysis of the test system validates that the proposed dispatch strategy can improve the resilience of power systems during typhoons. Furthermore, the proposed method can also be used in other scenarios under extreme weather conditions, such as ice coating in power networks in which structural failures also occur frequently.


In this investigation we believe that we have learned something suggestive concerning the thymus gland and what is equally important, perhaps, we have evolved a novel procedure for the study of this and possibly other endocrine products. Following the continuous administration of thymus extract to successive generations of parents, marked acceleration in the rate of growth and development has been observed during the early life of the offspring, particularly of the third and later generations. Thus the rate of development encountered in the fifth generation of young rats born of four generations of thymus treated forebears is almost beyond belief. METHODS OF EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE A colony of twelve white rats was secured from the Wistar Institute, June 16, 1933. These were divided into test and control groups. The test animals have been subjected to date to the intraperitoneal injection of 1 cc. of thymus extract (Hanson) daily, even during the


[Objective]To study the clinical feature and treatment methods of old people with atypical acute myocardial infarction.[Methods]68 with old people with atypical myocardial infarction were retrospective analyzed in our hospital from June 2005-October 2009.[Results]53 patients had no pain,accounted for 77.9% and its clinic symptoms were dyspnea,wheezing,chest tightness,shortness of breath,orthopnea,suddenly dizziness and syncope. 15 patients had ectopic pain,accounting for 22.1%,and its clinic symptoms were upper abdominal pain,shoulder radiating pain and left upper limb radiating pain. There were 35 cases cured,24 improvement and 9 died. The effective rate was 86.8%.[Conclusion]We can get reasonable and timely treatment and reduce mortality in patients with elderly atypical acute myocardial infarction through familiar with a variety of atypical clinical manifestations,the electrocardiogram,cardiac troponin T and the combined detection of cardiac muscle zymogram.


The fish species composition and variation in the Youngil Bay, East Sea of Korea, were investigated every month from January, 2001, to December, 2002, using gill nets for sample collection. A total of 63 fish species belonging to 31 families under 10 orders, and a total of 40 species belonging to 26 families under 8 orders, were identified in 2001 and 2002, respectively. Of these, the families Pleuronectidae (9 species), Scorpaenidae (8 species) and Cottidae (5 species) were dominant in 2001, whereas Pleuronectidae (4 species), Cottidae (3 species) and Hexagrammidae (3 species) were dominant in 2002. The number of species recovered was the highest in August, 2001 (34 species) and January and September, 2002 (14 species each), and lowest in May, 2001 (6 species) and December, 2002 (5 species). The principal component analysis for each year showed that fish species composition differed over time even within the same sample area. In addition, the relationship between PC scores and temperature showed a positive relationship in 2001, but a negative relationship in 2002.


People with intellectual disabilities requiring more intensive support have had limited access to education and few opportunities to apply their learning in daily life. It is predicted that the percentage of those able to benefit from an assistant provided by their support service throughout lifelong learning will continue to grow, and it is thus necessary to better define the role of assistants in relation to the lifelong learning of disabled people. The purpose of this article is to present a research project with the goal of gaining insight into how assistants envision this role. The participants in this study were six assistants who had experience of attending courses at Fjolmennt, adult education centre with the people they assisted. The people who received assistance utilized augmentative methods of communication and needed intensive support from day to day. The interviews were carried out from March 2018 until January 2019. The findings suggest that the assistants mostly shape their roles themselves; that is, they receive limited instructions from their supervisor and the teacher at the adult education centre. The research revealed the ways in which the participants developed their positions, and three distinct types of assistantship roles were identified, referred to in this study as the intermediary, the supporter, and the neutral escorter. The role of the intermediary is based on the idea that the assistant knows the service user better than the teacher and can take on the role of an interpreter, which makes the lesson more successful. The intermediary also offers guidance to the teacher, based on the service users' life experiences relevant to their lessons. The role of the supporter is different and mostly focused on the service user. The supporter is present during lessons, mainly to provide the service user with a sense of security. This role demands a close relationship between the assistant and the service user and can have a positive influence on the service user's learning. The neutral escorter neither supports the service user nor the teacher during the lesson. His role is to transport the service user to the centre and assist with daily life activities. Sometimes the neutral escorter waits outside the classroom during the lesson. The neutral escorter will intervene if the service user's behaviour becomes challenging or threatening but neither takes part in preventing this from occurring nor analysing what the service user is trying to communicate with his behaviour. Thus the service user might lose a chance to take part in a lesson if the assistant takes on the role of the neutral escorter. What influenced which roles the personal assistants adopted was based on factors such as how they viewed the role of the teacher and their own ideas about being assistants and about the importance of lifelong learning for the people they assisted. If they viewed the teacher as an equal, the personal assistants took on the role of the intermediary and there was much focus on cooperation and a mutual flow of information. Those who viewed the teacher as a role model were eager to learn and tried to adopt to the practices in the classroom but which role the assistant took on depended on whether the teacher was aware of his own function as a role model. Those who viewed the teacher as the leader, or the boss of the lesson took on the role of neutral escorters or were at least less eager to speak up for the service user as intermediaries or supporters. Therefore, the teacher's attitude and approach to the service user and their assistants can influence how the assistants carry out their support during the lessons. The findings also suggest that since the assistants shape their role mostly themselves; their own ideas about being assistants will influence their support. The findings particularly suggest that a close relationship between the assistant and the service user will influence the support in a positive way. From these results it may be concluded that guidelines on the assistants' role need improvement and clarification along with teachers' awareness of their own role in their cooperation with the assistants. Improvements need to be made in emphasizing the importance of lifelong learning and of the transfer of learning for people with intellectual disabilities requiring more intensive support. The results of this study suggest that the introduction of an active support approach in residential services could facilitate the role of assistants who support disabled people in their lifelong learning. This would have a positive effect on the opportunities of people with intellectual disabilities requiring more intensive support towards receiving an education equal to that of others.


Purpose: We evaluate longitudinal changes in symptom clusters and core burdensome symptoms in breast cancer patients who participated in the OptiTrain trial. Methods: 240 women were randomized to 16 weeks of supervised exercise (RT-HIIT or AT-HIIT) or usual care (UC) during adjuvant chemotherapy. Symptom clusters were composed using the Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale (MSAS), assessed at baseline, 16 weeks and 12 months later. Three symptom clusters were formed. Results: Three symptom clusters were identified: "emotional," "treatment-related toxicity," and "physical," with core burdensome symptoms present over time. At 16 weeks, the reported burdens of "feeling sad" (RT-HIIT vs UC: effect size [ES] = −0.69; AT-HIIT vs UC: ES = −0.56) and "feeling irritable" (ES = −0.41 RT-HIIT; ES = −0.31 AT-HIIT) were significantly lower in both intervention groups compared with UC. At 12 months, the AT-HIIT group continued to have significantly lower scores for the core burdensome symptoms "feeling sad" (ES = −0.44), "feeling irritable" (ES = −0.44), and "changes in the way food tastes" (ES = −0.53) compared with UC. No between-group differences were found for physical symptoms. Conclusion: We identified 3 symptom clusters in breast cancer patients during and after adjuvant chemotherapy, composed of "emotional," "treatment-related toxicity," and "physical" symptoms. After treatment completion up to 12 months post-baseline, patients in the physical exercise groups reported lower symptom burden scores for emotional symptoms, compared with UC. Our findings indicate a preserved and long-term beneficial effect of physical exercise on self-reported emotional well-being in chemotherapy-treated breast cancer patients.


Background White rice is a staple food for Japanese, a population at high risk for colorectal cancer (CRC). We investigated the association between white rice intake and CRC among Japanese Americans in the Multiethnic Cohort (MEC) study. Methods The MEC study is a prospective study established in Hawaii and California in 1993–1996. Usual dietary intake was assessed using a validated quantitative food frequency questionnaire at baseline. Cox proportional hazards models were used to compute hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for quartiles of intake and to perform trend tests across sex-specific quartiles with adjustment for relevant confounders. Results We identified 1,553 invasive CRC cases among 49,136 Japanese Americans (23,595 men and 25,541 women) during a mean follow-up of 19 years. White rice consumption was not associated with overall CRC incidence in men (Ptrend = 0.11) or women (Ptrend = 0.56). After excluding participants with a history of diabetes, the inverse associations were significant for CRC (Ptrend = 0.03, HR for quartile 4 [Q4] vs quartile 1 [Q1], 0.81; 95% CI, 0.64–1.03) and tumors of the distal colon (Ptrend = 0.006, HR for Q4 vs Q1, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.44–0.99) among men but not women. Conclusion White rice consumption was not associated with an increased risk of overall CRC among Japanese Americans. An inverse association was observed with risk of CRC and distal colon cancer in men without a history of diabetes.


Large-scale multireference configuration-interaction (MRD-CI) calculations in an atomic-orbital (AO) basis set containing up to f functions on As and d on hydrogen are employed to study the potenti...


In this paper we study the $s$-th symbolic powers of the edge ideals of complete graphs. In particular, we provide a criterion for finding an Eliahou-Kervaire splitting on these ideals, and use the splitting to provide a description for the graded Betti numbers. We also discuss the symbolic powers and graded Betti numbers of edge ideals of parallelizations of finite simple graphs.


The investment in the fixed asset is one of the power to push economic growth. The investment can push and pull agricultural sector through linkage effect of industrial sector,thereby promote agricultural output increasing,and this effect lasts longer. The paper applies fixed effects regression model to study empirically the effects of investment in fixed asset on Zhejiang's agricultural output with panel data of Zhejiang's 11 regions. The results indicate that investment in fixed asset can promote generally agricultural output,but there is apparently different to these regions. Coefficient of output elasticity of every region in the current phases is lesser on the whole,and that of Wenzhou,Quzhou and Lishui is minus. The agricultural output elasticity of fixed investment with 1 periods lagged is greater than that of the current phase,that of Ningbo and Quzhou is minus. The coefficient with 2 periods lagged is remarkable. It indicates that capital still plays an important role in growth of agricultural output,even if inputs exist law of diminishing returns. Therefore,to boost agricultural output growth and the balanced growth of agricultural output in 11 regions,government is supposed to increase more investment in fixed asset.


As the demands of offshore structures are increasing, human's error on the offshore structure is considered as important problems to prevent accident. Augmented reality technology is able to display the specific information to user in front of our eyes. Effect of augmented reality that is could provide high perception was reported already, so in this paper, we suggest augmented reality technology for the offshore structure's management to reduce human's error on the offshore structure and we will present a simple prototype which is able to display the specific knowledge/data on the PDA considering high usability on site.Copyright © 2009 by ASME


The intergranular exchange coupling effects are investigated via thermal activation of magnetization reversal in the magnetic relaxation process, combined with Henkel plots and the measurement of susceptibilities in three types of Pr9Fe85.5B5.5 ribbons. Exchange interaction between hard-hard grains is proposed in optimal melt-spun ribbons, as well as in over melt-spun ribbons even bearing a weak exchange coupling between soft-hard grains. In under melt-spun ribbons, the decoupled effect is proposed between hard-hard grains. These investigations may contribute to a clear understanding about the complicated nature of the intergranular exchange coupling in nanocomposite magnets.


A method for preparing a fluorine-containing polymer surfactant, the initiator, methacrylic acid -N, N- dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, and chain transfer agent, 1,4-dioxane, under argon protection, the reaction at 60-90 ℃ 2-8h, polymethacrylic acid to obtain -N, N- dimethylaminoethyl acrylate; an initiator is then added, butyl acrylate and hexafluoroisopropyl 1,4-dioxane, under argon protection , the reaction at 65-95 ℃ 2-8h, and precipitated in n-hexane, and drying to obtain a fluorine-containing polymer surfactant, RAFT polymerization technique using the present invention, the fluorinated polymeric surfactant prepared contains fluorine-containing fluorine-containing monomer unit similar structure, having a narrow molecular weight distribution, adjustable structure, low critical micelle concentration, good emulsifying, foaming and poor characteristics, have broad application prospects in emulsion polymerization.


As major disasters have had increasing impacts around the world in recent years, corporations have increasingly mobilised resources in support of disaster preparedness, response and recovery efforts undertaken by governmental and nongovernmental organisations. But how and why exactly do corporations increasingly mobilise resources to disasters? Organisational researchers continue to lack basic descriptive data as well as theoretical frameworks to respond to these basic questions. This paper responds to this need by presenting descriptive research findings regarding a series of programmes designed to mobilise corporate resources to disasters. We conduct a first-order analysis of these data, and then reflect on the findings in light of existing theories of Corporate Social Performance (CSP), resilience and intangible assets. Based on these reflections, we develop a new theory that frames the mobilisation of corporate resources to disasters as a strategic attempt to develop interdependent resilience as a common intangible asset.


This paper investigates the mechanical properties of stride across section of buried long distance transport pipeline.The suspended pipeline is simplified as a large deflection bending beam.The buried section is assumed to be in limited length and the earth resistant force is considered to be non-linear.Effect of anchor blocks location,temperature difference of pipeline,span distance,deadweight and anticorrosion coating thickness on the vertical displacement,bending moment and stresses is anaslyzed.The results show that when the distance between the fixed support and suspended segment increases,the beding moment of fixing support will become larger than that of the middle span.The vertical displacement in middle span increases rapidly when the distance between anchor blocks and suspended segment is within 5~10 m,then the displacements tends to stable.


The amount and time course of SpeA release from group A streptococci (GAS) was studied at different starting inoculae after exposure to different doses of penicillin, clindamycin or a combination of the 2. The release was related to the bacterial concentration and killing rate. A clinical GAS strain was exposed to benzylpenicillin, 2 and 1000×MIC, clindamycin, 2 and 32×MIC, or combinations of the 2. Samples for viable counts and SpeA analyses were drawn before and after the addition of antibiotics and at 3, 6 and 24h. The SpeA release was higher at low than at high concentrations of penicillin and the combination (both, p<0.05). The addition of clindamycin to penicillin reduced SpeA production at both concentrations (p<0.01). Most SpeA was released before 3 h, and for penicillin and the combination, the amount correlated to the number of killed bacteria during this period (r=0.50; p<0.05). A positive correlation was found between the inoculum size and the SpeA concentration at time zero (r=0.54; p<0.05). The SpeA concentration was dependent on the initial number of bacteria, the class of antibiotic, the dose of penicillin and the killing rate.


Abstract This article aims to explain why the notion of mania puerperalis, or puerperal insanity, was not used in the Netherlands to exonerate women accused of infanticide, in contrast to other countries. It applies the concept of 'travelling knowledge' as an approach to the history of forensic medicine, pointing to the fields of medicine and law as contact zones inviting, promoting or barring the transmission of knowledge. Although the notion of mania puerperalis was known in the Netherlands from 1822 on, psychiatric expertise was not requested in actual court cases of infanticide for several reasons. First, physicians and legal scholars continued to doubt the existence of this form of mania. Moreover, it was not always directly connected to infanticide. Also, the specific formulation of the law strongly determined what medical evidence was needed in court cases. Not only did the Code Pénal generally emphasise material evidence, the laws on infanticide specifically mentioned fear and therefore an additional reference to the mental condition of the accused was not needed. Most importantly, the article argues that the existing vocabulary on emotion, both vernacular and medical, already allowed for an analysis of psychic components.


Over two decades since the Good Friday Agreement was signed, social spaces remain heavily contested in Northern Ireland. On the one hand, top-down approaches toward ushering in a new spatiality for a shared future have had limited success. On the other hand, there is increasing evidence that a 'shared future' disconnected from local historical and cultural contexts is unsustainable. By studying the debates surrounding three contemporary 'shared spaces' in East Belfast—the Titanic Quarter, the proposed Naíscoil na Seolta and East Belfast GAA Club— this paper studies why some spaces are more acceptable to the general public compared to others. At a time when recent elections suggest that the region is at the cusp of political change, this paper argues that a new spatiality with grassroots community initiatives at its core must be simultaneously imagined in Belfast.


In order to achieve operation at terahertz frequency, electronic devices are required to reach the highest possible transit velocity, even if this velocity is limited to a short distance. The concept of ballistic electrons in compound semiconductors was initially reported using GaAs (Shur and Eastman, 1979). In this work, progress in initial research on GaN based ballistic electron acceleration negative-differential-conductivity (BEAN) diodes for potential THz oscillator is reported along with their device concepts


The invention discloses a preparation method and an application of an ionic liquid bonded silica adsorbent. The preparation method takes silica as a carrier, takes 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane as a coupling agent to synthesize alkylsilane epoxy silica, and reacted with ionic liquid like 1,3-di-n-butyl imidazole hexafluoride phosphate to obtain the ionic liquid bonded silica adsorbent; the ionic liquid is fixed on the solid phase carrier silica through a chemical modification mode, characteristics of the ionic liquid can be maintained, and the stability during the usage process can be substantially enhanced; thereby the analysis cost can be reduced, and the precision of the determination result can be improved. The ionic liquid adsorbent by the chemical modification possesses good adsorption function to the hydrophobic substances such as a heavy metal ion chelate, and is suitable for separation and enrichment of trace hydrophobic compounds in a water phase sample in the fields of environment, food and the like.


B.Ph. van Milligen 1• N.J. Lopes Cardozo1, M. Rehbach2, J. Rem1, J.H. Sluyters, A. van Veen3, E. Visser 1 The FOM Institute for Plasma Physics "Rijnhuizen", Nieuwegein 2 The Van 't Hoff Laboratory, University of Utrecht 3 The Interfaculty Reactor Institute, University of Delft Several electrolysis experiments were carried out at the FOM Institute for Plasma Physics. Calorimetric measurement of heat production during electrolysis of D20 with a number of Pd cathodes was performed. Prior to electrolysis the Pd was loaded with Hor D in an especially developed gas oven. No evidence of anomalous heat production was found.


Magnetic properties and microstructure of Co80Pt20-30 vol.% (Al2O3, TiO2, WO3) and Co82.4Pt17.6-27.7 vol.% SiO2 granular films postannealed at various temperatures in a heat-treating furnace were investigated. In this paper, it is found that among these granular films, CoPt-WO3 granular film shows the highest coercivity (Hc) because of low intergranular exchange coupling of well-isolated magnetic grains. Furthermore, the Hc is enhanced with postannealing because of the increase of the magnetic anisotropy field (Hkgrain) and uniaxial magnetocrystalline anisotropy (Kugrain) of the columnar growth magnetic grains. The increase of Kugrain for the postannealed granular film primarily originates from the reduction of the stacking faults as well as the lattice constant ratio.


The 3-dementional stress in flat slab with crackle subjected to tension is frequently analyzed in mechanics.The stress along the thickness is important while the tendentiousness of brittle fracture is analyzed.This paper analyzes the stress filed of the pointed end of the flat slab with crackle by FEA method and pays attention to the distributions and influencing factors of the stress along the thickness.At last,this paper obtains the plane strain coefficient.


Reactions to music of 3 autistic children, 2 of them identical twins, were studied. There is considerable evidence that unique musical reactions constitute a general finding in autistic children. Investigations on 3 autistic children indicate that musical reactions are intimately bound with psychopathology; that reactions consist of a preoccupation and unusual absorption in music, a rote memory for melodies, a preference for singing over speech, a use of singing occasionally as a communicative means but more generally as an expression of an emotional state, and a response to music heard with rhythmical motions and easing of anxiety. There was also some evidence that improvement was associated with a decrease in intensity of interest in music. The possibility that the investigation of such musical reactions might provide further clues to the psychopathology involved, as well as new leads for therapeutic approaches, was discussed. These preliminary findings indicate a need for further investigation of an im...


A novel fuzzy preview controller based on look up tables is proposed for control design of a rotary inverted pendulum represented with integrated time delay in system matrices. The proposed control achieved control of all system states with predefined standard requirements. The advantage of preview control helps in conservation of energy as the control input acts upon after a lookup making the system robust even under the impact of custom designed system time delays that were incorporated into the system. The proposed method shows the influence of time delay can be countered effectively by integrating the delay into the system matrix and then using the novel fuzzy granular preview control.


2014 A chronotron using the storage circuits of a 100 channel amplitude analyser is described. A time expantion is obtained by an arrangement of « 6BN6 » tubes. The width at half maximum of prompt coïncidences curve is 7 10201410 s for 03B3-03B3 coïncidences from 60Co and 2 1020149 s for n-03B1 coïncidences from the (d, t) reaction. LE JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE ET LE RADIUM PHYSIQUE APPLIQUÉE SUPPLÉMENT AU NO 3. TOME 21, MARS 1960, PAGE


Dynamics and fixation of potassium in soils of North-West-Iran

The following results were obtained from experiments conducted on two calcareous soils (A-horizon) and on two soil samples from fertilizer experimental plots (K0 = control plot, K5 = 1000 kg K2O/ha) to study the dynamics and fixation of potassium in these soils:

The K-exchange curve of K5 sample when compared with K0 sample showed that, as a consequence of high fertilizer dose, most of the specific adsorption sites for cations (particularly on illites and weathering products of illites) were occupied by K which, thus, resulted into lower K-adsorption as well as fixation.

The shape of K-exchange curves of other three samples (Alluvial soil, 16, Brown soil 26 and K0 sample, Fig. 5 and 6) indicates a typical bend at definite activity ratios. This bend in the exchange curves exists apparently in soils containing high content of illitic clay mineral fraction. This behaviour has been interpreted as a consequence of contraction of layers of illitic minerals which were formerly expanded due to loss of potassium.

The K-desorption experiment, which then followed, showed that a major part of sorbed amounts of potassium could not be desorbed and remained fixed in the soil.

Similar type bend as in the exchange curve was also observed in the potassium fixation curves (Fig. 6 and 7).

Illite is the dominant clay mineral in all these soils which in Brown soil and K0-sample is expanded at edges; the expansion goes back to 10 A on treatment with K which then does not expand again on saturation with Mg.


The health status of the control plane and the data plane of a GMPLS‐controlled optical network is independent in the physically separated control network implementation. In most control plane designs, besides the topology information, the entities of the routing protocol only record the number of available wavelengths on each link. However, the status of each wavelength is maintained by the entities of the signalling protocol. Without recovery ability of the signalling protocol CR‐LDP, a failure in the control plane will result in the permanent loss of the status information of wavelengths. A mechanism to recover the status information of the wavelengths is proposed. A downstream node maintains a label information database (LID) about assignable (free) labels in each incoming link. A copy of LID is redundantly stored in the upstream node as a label information mirror (LIM). A systematic procedure is proposed to synchronize the contents of a LIM and the corresponding LID. The initialization of a new LDP session with the enhanced recovery mechanism will guarantee the revival of the status information of wavelengths. It can recover multiple control channel failures, but it only applies to single node failure among any pair of adjacent nodes. © Crown copyright 2002. Reproduced with the permission of Her Majesty's Stationery Office. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Comprises 19 papers from the July 1998 conference. Among the topics: finite element analysis of self-sealing pipe flange connections, sealed joints with regard to corrosive processes, considerations of thread-loosening by transverse impacts, and using liquid sealant subjected to internal pressure. N


1-Butene has been reacted over H-beta, H-MCM-22, and H-mordenite, starting at 77 or 300 K. The systems were followed in situ by FTIR spectroscopy. At 300 K, 1-butene oligomerized instantaneously, and mechanistic information about the initial interactions between the active sites and the olefin and the subsequent chain growth was not inferable. Mechanistic details about the oligomerization reactions were provided by adsorbing 1-butene at 77 K and slowly heating the catalyst wafers to 300 K, while collecting spectra continuously. 1-Butene forms transient H-bonded precursors with the acidic sites of the zeolites prior to oligomerization. The strength of the H-bonded precursors formed into the three frameworks seems to be very similar, suggesting equal acidities of the Bronsted sites. These adducts were observable only at the lowest temperatures, and their concentration soon reached a maximum when the temperature was raised and vanished as the oligomerization reactions proceeded. Among the three zeolite sampl...