In early 1776 Thomas Paine wrote his famous pamphlet entitled "Common Sense" describing the nature of human freedom which captured the imagination of Thomas Jefferson who on 2 July 1776 wrote the Declaration of Independence. "We hold these truths to be self-evident: That all men are created equal: that they are endowed by their creator with certain unalienable rights; that among these are fife. liberty, and the pursuit of happiness: that to execute these rights. governments are instituted among men. deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed; that whenever any form of government becomes destructive of these ends. it is the right of the people to alter. or abolish it. and to institute new government, laying the foundation on such principles, and organizing its powers in such form. as to them shall seem most likely to effect their safety and happiness. The description of freedom and equality was bold and imaginative, but it would take centuries for it to become a reality, even in the United States. Jefferson lived until 1826. but never freed his own slaves, and never lived to see a White Man who did not own property become a citizen and vote. The White Man who did not own property had to wait to become a citizen and vote until Andre", Jackson came along in 1830. The Black Man had to wait until Lincoln came along in 1865 to become a citizen and vote. Women were not made citizens and being able to vote until 1919. and the Indians only became citizens in 1939. Finally. now in the year 2002. at the beginning of the 21st century, parents and even graduating seniors can evaluate their high school programs. Using:(1) Senior Student High School Rating Scale (HSRS)(Cassel & Chow. 2002), and(2) The Parent High School Evaluation Scale (PHSES)(Cassel & Chow,(2002). Freedom grows slowly, and "a nation at risk" report on our failing schools might become history. High School Principal is Servant of People In a democracy the principal of a high school is expected to be a servant of the people h/she serves, and this, to be sure, includes the parents of high school students across America, as tax payers; and, then, sometime during the senior year, the 12th grade students achieve adult status; get married, go to work, raise a family, and it must include them as well. Typically, in our high schools students spend four years with the purposes of building a bridge to the work place or college. Approximately half of those students at high school graduation enter the work force, and the other half enter college with a view towards more specialized career preparation. Typically, by the senior year students have spent about 18 years of their life in getting ready to live, and with the four last years of high school focused on building a bridge to the work place. The full success of that bridge to the work place is a major force in relation to each individual's later success in life. It is therefore fitting and proper, and in a democracy it is indeed imperative, that the high school seniors each and every graduating year provide the high school principal with an evaluation or rating of the program they have been the recipients of, and particularly from their own. personal vantage; not that of the parent, or the church pastor, or some other related adult in the community.. Here, then, for the first time, they are to be recognized as independent citizens and to be able to say their piece in relation to the society of which they are expected to be an independent thinking and productive member. A Nation At Risk In 1983, the Secretary of Education T.H. Bell made a final report on a rather comprehensive study of our nations schools, and where the focus was on the beginning students who would be expected to graduate from high school in the year 2000. Two things stand out in that report that have not been challenged, and which are basic to the problems in our high schools today: (1) "Research indicates that those students with clearly defined goals and a sense of `direction' are more likely to persist and attain a college degree" (p 42), and (2) "Even with your parents best example and your teachers' best efforts, in the end it is your work (student) that determines how much and how well you learn" (p 83). …


The invention discloses a fresh air control system, and belongs to the technical field of air conditioners. The fresh air control system comprises a main machine, a circulating air way, a humidity control system, an automatic air purification system, an indoor air quality control system, a dew-proof system, a frost-proof system and an automatic replacement reminding system, wherein the main machine is arranged outdoors, and the humidity control system, the automatic air purification system, the indoor air quality control system, the dew-proof system, the frost-proof system and the automatic replacement reminding system are electrically connected with the main machine and all controlled by the main machine. The fresh air control system has the beneficial effects that the system is applied to an air conditioner system, and adjustment and control can be automatically carried out according to changes of various indoor and outdoor environmental factors (such as the temperature, the relative humidity, the content of PM2.5, the content of carbon dioxide and the content of volatile organic compounds), so that the system can adapt to environment changes, and it is ensured that indoor persons are located in a comfortable, clean and safe environment all the time; and the service life of important components such as a filter screen, a heat exchange core and the like is controlled, the service life of the air conditioner system is further prolonged, energy consumption is reduced, and the cost is reduced.


Exercise has been shown to have beneficial effects to human health (3). In this issue of Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews, however, Ando (1) outlines a series of experiments which demonstrate that reaction time slows down at higher intensity levels of exercise. The author interprets a slower reaction time to suggest that peripheral visual perception is reduced, and proposes a mechanism based on decreased cerebral oxygenation. If visual perception is negatively affected during intense exercise as Ando suggests, this finding would have implications for rehabilitation specialists and their patients, as well as for athletes during training and performance.

Although the findings by Ando are interesting and suggest a slowing of information processing with high intensity exercise, we wonder if alternative mechanisms for the slower reaction time could be involved. In their paradigm, Ando and colleagues (2)have studied reaction time of the right hand in response to a visual cue. The reaction time was studied at rest, and during exercise on a cycle ergometer at 40% peak VO2 max and 75% peak VO2 max. The visual cue was provided at different eccentricity angles from the midpoint of the eyes. During exercise, the premotor reaction time was increased at 75% VO2 max compared with rest. Premotor reaction time was slower at the wide angle compared with the midpoint suggesting that reaction time is slower for peripheral vision. Nonetheless, the interaction between eccentricity angle and exercise intensity was not significant. This raises the possibility that visual perception may not be the only mechanism to consider. Below we briefly describe some neuroimaging studies, which indicate thatdifferent mechanisms can potentially influencethe findings by Ando.

Even a simple task that requires the use of visual information to produce force on a button as in the task studied by Ando can require a network of brain activity well beyond visual cortex. For example, studies using blood oxygenation-level dependent (BOLD) functional magnetic resonance imaging have shown that increased activity exists across visual cortex, parietal cortex, motor cortex, premotor cortex, prefrontal cortex, insular cortex, basal ganglia, cerebellum, and thalamus (4). It is reasonable to hypothesize that any of these brain regions could be affected by exercise to alter reaction time. In a series of experiments by Williamson and colleagues(5,6,7), the authors measured region cerebral blood flow using single-photon emission-computed tomography immediately following exercise. The group studied active and passive cycling and found that the insular cortex and leg area of motor cortex had increased regional cerebral blood flow compared with rest (7). Furthermore, in a study of static hand grip exercise (5), it was observed that the sensorimotor cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, thalamus, and anterior and posterior insular cortex had increased regional cerebral blood flow compared with rest. Since an intense bout of exercise seems to influence a subset of the brain regions needed during a simple reaction time task, it is possible that mechanisms in addition to visual perception are at play, and are worth considering in future studies. Such studies, for example, could examine the effects of high intensity exercise on reaction time when the cue is auditory, somatosensory, and visual. The physiological explanation proposed by Ando would be supported if exercise only slows reaction time with visual stimuli.


presents of the – and meteorologists, who have made a major contribution to the development of dynamic meteorology. It is shown how to cultivate this science as it evolves mathematics, mechanics, geophysics, hydrology and meteorology, which led to the formation of the most important trends in meteorological science – hydrodynamic, numerical weather prediction. The idea of the possibility of such has been formulated in mathemati cal and of the and the for a new in meteorological science, by which is currently under construction prognostic weather maps of different lead in operational practice.


This paper considers quadratic-in-the-state representations, which consist of state equations that are at most quadratic with respect to the states, as representations for a broad class of nonlinear systems. A necessary and sufficient condition is shown for existence of a quadratic-in-the-state representation that has the identical input-output relation with a given nonlinear system. That condition is characterized by the algebraic structure of the observation space of the given system and is so mild that many types of nonlinear systems have a quadratic-in-the-state representation. The quadratic-in-the-state representation is expected to be useful as a general model structure in identification of unknown nonlinear systems.


Concepts and methods of ecosystem-based fisheries management have not been fully discussed in Japan, and thus data collection, assessment and conservation planning of marine ecosystems have not yet been established. However, fishery-related surveys and oceanographic monitoring have long been conducted around Japan and the resultant data are accumulated. It will be helpful to evaluate the current status of marine ecosystems and assess fisheries interactions using these existing data. In this respect, Fisheries Research Agency have examined feasibility of ecosystem modeling using fishery-related data and Ecopath with Ecosym (EwE). EwE is an end-to-end model that expresses an ecosystem as flows of biomass. A simple relationship between consumption (Qi), production (Pi), respiration (Ri) and unassimilated excretion (U i) of a functional group i is represented as, Qi = Pi + Ri + Ui ... (1). A mass balance equation is presumed which means input and output of a functional group is balanced as, Pi ‒ Yi ‒ M2i ‒ Pi (1‒ EEi) ‒ EXi ‒ BAi = 0... (2) where Yi is fishery catch, M2 is predation mortality, P i(1 ‒ EEi) is other mortality (EEi is a ratio called ecotrophic efficiency), EXi is export, and BAi is biological assimilation. The predation mortality is divided into consumption of prey i by predator j, M2i = ∑ Qj DCji ... (3) which leads to linear simultaneous equations of predator-prey relationships (DCji is the ratio of prey i in the diet of predator j). By solving the equations, Ecopath estimates the flows of biomass and estimates trophic levels, trophic interactions and network properties. However, comparison of network properties between different models is not effective because these values vary depending on the model structure. Ecopath is more suited to summarize flows and biomasses into trophic levels and calculate system productivity or transfer efficiency. Mean trophic level of catch (MTLc, Pauly et al. 1998), primary production required (PPR) to support catch (Pauly & Christensen 1995), loss of food for higher trophic levels caused by fishery removals (L index, Libralato et al. 2008) and other indices of fishery impacts can be calculated using the outputs. Comparison of Ecopath models of several waters around Japan with world models published in literature revealed that the Japanese commercial fisheries harvested over relatively wide range of trophic levels and had moderate impacts on marine ecosystems. Ecosim uses the left part of formula (2) as the differential equation of biomass and simulates the temporal dynamics after the mass balance is broken. Dynamic behavior of Ecosim is largely dependent on the vulnerability parameter, which determines the functional response of a predators to prey density change. The vulnerability parameters can be tuned if time series data on relative abundance of functional groups are available. Many expanded functions are added to recent versions of EwE such as age-structure, spatial heterogeneity (Ecospace), economic evaluation (Value chain) and management strategy evaluation (MSE). Ecospace simulates spatio-temporal dynamics and is used for predicting the effect of spatial management but it also stands on the balanced homogeneous state of Ecopath. EwE appears to be a good starter of marine ecosystem modeling for understanding foodweb structure and fishery impacts because Ecopath is tailored to take fishery related information as input data in the form of ratios to biomass (P/B, Q/B) or diet composition (DC). The assumption of mass balance does not necessarily mean that the system is in steady balanced state but is rather understood as that the biomass budget is balanced at an average condition over a certain space and period. Preparation of relevant data by appropriate spatio-temporal scale and comparison and/or coupling with other models while exploring data and modeling gaps will be effective steps for the development and practical application of ecosystem modeling to management.


The invention relates to equipment, a system and a method. The equipment includes a switch module used for selectively switching on a switch so as to connect input electric wires connected to a voltage source to a motor in sequence. A switch used for each phase is switched on in a part of a period of fundamental frequency of the voltage source. A source phase module determines the phase of the AC voltage source, a back EMF phase module determines the phase of back EMF of the motor, and a torque module determines when a phase difference between the phase of the AC voltage source and the phase of the back EMF is in a phase range representing positive motor torque. A pulse module enables a switch in response to the fact that the phase difference includes a phase in the phase range, and disables the switch in response to the fact that the phase difference does not include a phase in the phase range.


This work presents a systematic procedure for flight control design of fixed wing unmanned aerial vehicles using Matlab platform. The complex, non-linear, six degree-of-freedom dynamics of the vehicle is broken down into longitudinal and lateral dynamics after linearization about a flight condition. Primary control design task includes height, speed and heading control. A control assignment and control design structure is employed to simplify the design problem into multiple successive single-input-single-out (SISO) problems. The process is illustrated by autopilot design of a fixed-wing aerial vehicle. The overall design process is quite general in nature and has potential for application to other control assignments and control loop structures.


With the establishment and the launch of "No 1 Military" project in all military hospitals, the computer covering all office areas and related areas were built in these hospitals, some networks even stretch right to the residence area within the hospital campus. A hospital Intranet was built in our hospital providing various medical information services to medical staff. The service item, step and method, the problem we encountered and the way we solved, and the author's experience were introduced in this article.


Microwave induced plasmas (MIPs) are used for a number of high-tech applications like material processing, light generation, gas cleaning and spectrochemical analysis. Especially the feature that MIPs can be operated remotely and that the propagation of the microwaves can be manipulated with slits, chokes and dielectra others numerous technological opportunities. This thesis concentrates on low-pressure MIPs as used for the production of optical fibers by the company Draka Communications in Eindhoven. To improve this fabrication process, more insight in the plasma is needed. The modeling of these low pressure plasmas is difficult, since they are far from local thermodynamical equilibrium (LTE). Therefore, an accurate description of transport, chemistry and electromagnetic power coupling is required. Experimental data are needed to validate the results of the plasma models. This study describes the application of several spectroscopic techniques to low-pressure MIPs in pure argon and in mixtures of argon/hydrogen and argon/oxygen. These techniques can be divided in passive methods such as emission spectroscopy and active methods like Thomson scattering, absorption spectroscopy and laser induced fluorescence. Due to the non-LTE character of the plasma, the processing of experimental data obtained from the passive methods is not straightforward: plasma models are required to extract important plasma properties such as the electron density and electron temperature from the data. Therefore, the results have to be compared with the results of active spectroscopy. After validation, the passive methods can be applied to plasmas for which it is not possible to apply the experimentally difficult active techniques, such as in industrial situations. Active spectroscopy can not be applied to the MIPs used at Draka Communications. These plasmas are not easily accessible with passive spectroscopy either since they are shielded from their environment. Therefore, at the TU/e, a microwave setup has been built which resembles the microwave plasmas used at Draka. A surfatron is used to launch electromagnetic surface waves into a small quartz tube filled with argon or oxygen gas. This surfatron setup is small and flexible and is therefore easy to investigate with both passive and laser aided diagnostics. The surfatron induced argon plasma was studied using a number of passive diagnostic methods like absolute line intensity measurements, continuum measurements and H¯-broadening. These results were compared with the results of one active spectroscopic method, laser Thomson scattering. A good agreement between the results was obtained for atomic plasmas. For molecular plasmas, a number of discrepancies were found. These require further investigations. Another aspect of this work is the application of global plasma models. This type of models relates external control parameters such as the microwave power, plasma length, tube radius and gas pressure to the electron density, electron temperature and gas temperature. Also, these models are used to explain the trends observed in experimental results. For atomic argon plasmas, a good agreement between the experimental and global model results was found. For molecular plasmas, it was found that molecule assisted recombination is the main loss process for the electron density instead of ambipolar diffusion, as is the case for atomic plasmas. This implies that an accurate description of the plasma chemistry and kinetic reactions is required.


The present invention provides a lead frame with a copper alloy strip, it is an object to improve the electrical conductivity and the thermal conductivity of the lead frame of Cu-Fe-based copper alloy strip formed of improving heat resistance of the LED package. Increase the reflectance of Ag reflective coated film formed on the surface of the lead frame, to achieve high brightness of the LED package. In the Cu-Fe-based copper alloy strip, the rolling direction is perpendicular to a surface roughness Ra: 0.2μm or less, RzJIS: 1.2μm or less, Rz: 1.5μm or less, the average length of the parallel direction of rolling was 2 ~ 100μm, the average length in the rolling direction of the vertical 1 ~ 30μm, along a direction parallel to the rolling surface is formed densely with a maximum depth of 400nm or less of the pit. Ra is the arithmetic average roughness, RzJIS ten-point average roughness, Rz is the maximum height roughness. Cu-Fe-based copper alloy strip comprising Fe: 1.8 ~ 2.6 mass%, P: 0.005 ~ 0.20 mass%, Zn: 0.01 ~ 0.50% by mass, or comprising Fe: 0.01 ~ 0.5 mass%, P: 0.01 ~ 0.20% by mass , Zn: 0.01 ~ 1.0 mass%, Sn: 0.01 ~ 0.15% by mass, the remainder substantially being Cu and inevitable impurities.


Micro/meso-scale forming is a promising technology for mass production of miniature metallic parts. However, fabrication of micro/meso-scale features leads to challenges due to the friction increase at the interface and tool wear from highly localized stress. In this study, the use of high-frequency vibration for potential application in the technology of micro/meso-scale forming has been investigated. A versatile experimental setup based on a magnetostrictive (Terfenol-D) actuator was built. Vibration assisted micro/meso-scale upsetting, pin extrusion and cup extrusion were conducted to understand the effects of workpiece size, excitation frequency and the contact condition. Results showed a change in load reduction behavior that was dependent on the excitation frequency and contact condition. The load reduction can be explained by a combination of stress superposition and friction reduction. It was found that a higher excitation frequency and a less complicated die-specimen interface were more likely to result in a friction reduction by high-frequency vibration.Copyright © 2011 by ASME


In Ancient India history, the contents are miscellaneous and toilsome, profound, archaic and abstruse; besides, there are short of original data in it. With regard to the glorious history of India, there are different talks about it. Generally, there are some special points as follows: In economy, India carried out closed and conservative village and community productive mode; in politics, there existed alternately long period split and short period unity there; in social structure, it had a unique national and rigidly stratified family system; in culture, it had mainly splendid religious civilization.


One of the most important legacies left by the late E. P. Thompson was his insistence that English radicalism grew from indigenous roots. Despite the obvious impact of continental influences during the French Revolution and Napoleonic Wars, Thompson maintained that, even here, French influence arrived in Britain via the writings of an Englishman, Thomas Paine. In Radical Expression, James Epstein tests Thompson's claim against the evidence of radical discourse in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. Surveying radical culture from courtroom to public dining room, he finds indigenous influences even stronger than Thompson imagined. Radical Expression is a collection of five essays, three of which have previously appeared in print. Unlike so many similar collections, however, this one is generally free of the sins of the genre: repetition and lack of coherence. Epstein's opening essay introduces the theme that unites the essays that follow and gives uncommon coherence to the collection as a whole. Put simply, that theme is the existence of a native brand of radicalism that drew its power from plebeian interpretations of the English constitution. Epstein thus joins interpretive forces with historians of the French and American "age of revolution," such as Lynn Hunt and Sean Wilentz, who view revolutionary discourse as a set of debates focused around a common, cross-class understanding of legitimate political and constitutional issues and institutions. In this view, the intellectual and moral contests of the era were a matter of differing interpretations of an agreedupon text (in the French and American case) or constitutional tradition (as in the English case), not a confrontation between popular and elite traditions of thought.


− Scatterometry is a non-imaging indirect optical method in wafer metrology to characterize p eriodic surface structures with dimensions in the microan d nanometer range. It is also important to lithography ma sks designed for extreme ultraviolet lithography (EUVL) , where light with wavelengths in the range of 13 nm is app lied. The solution of the inverse problem, i.e. the determina tion of periodic surface structures with respect to their c r tical dimensions (CD) and other profile properties from l ight diffraction patterns, is incomplete without knowled g of the uncertainties associated with the reconstructed par ameters. With decreasing feature sizes of lithography masks, increasing demands on metrology techniques and thei r uncertainties arise. The numerical simulation of th e diffraction process for periodic 2D structures can be realized by the finite element solution of the two-dimension al Helmholtz equation. The inverse problem can be form ulated as a non-linear operator equation. The operator map s the sought mask parameters to the efficiencies of diffr acted plane wave modes. The operator equation can be solv d by optimization, i.e., minimizing the deviation of the calculated efficiency or phase shift values from the measured ones. Clearly, the uncertainties of the reconstructed pro file parameters essentially depend on the uncertainties of the input data and can be estimated by various methods. A Monte Carlo procedure and an approximate covariance method is applied to evaluate the reconstruction al gorithm. Particularly, we analyze the impact of uncertaintie s in the model parameters by the Monte Carlo method. Reconstruction results and their uncertainties are prese nt d for the measurements of typical EUV masks. They are compose d f 140 nm wide TaN absorber lines of about 80 nm heigh t, a period of 420 nm, and with an underlying MoSi-multi layer stack of 49 periods.


T hc synthcti c mi xturcs or speci ri c conccntrati on or vari ous polyaromati c hydroca rhons (PA Hs) which arc alrcady identi ri cdto bc prescnt in cl i llcrcnt cuts or petrol cum rractions ha ve hecn prepared. Thc Scconcl derivati ves synchronous cxcitati on riuorcsccnce spcctroscopy (S DSEFS) or Ihese synthcli ca ll y prcparecl mi xtures have hccn comparcd with thc co rrcsponding spcclra or thc cuts or dilTcrclit concclllr' lti olis. NOTE


A 67 year old man posted for wound debridement of septic arthritis of the left hip developed atrial fibrillation after hydrogen peroxide irrigation during spinal anesthesia. Hydrogen peroxide is known to cause oxidative stress and air emboli leading to cardiac arrest. It has also been seen to affect action potential of cardiac myocytes in guinea pigs, but studies in humans are lacking. Exact cause of this event could not be elicited but hydrogen peroxide as a causative agent could not be ruled out either.


The dependence of the critical temperature Tc for alloy Cu3Au on pressure in the interval from 0 to 30 kbar is studied by the statistical moment method. The calculated mean speed of changing critical temperature to pressure is 1,8 K/kbar. This result is in a good agreement with the experimental data.


Objective To introduce the experience of open heart surgery on bea ting heart through minor incision.Methods From January 2000 to October 2003,100 patient with congenital heart diseases underwent open heart surgery on beating h eart through minor incision of mid-sternal line,including 56 cases of ASD,40 ca ses of VSD,and 4 cases of pulmonary stenosis.Resutls All cases were cured and no severe respiratory and circulatory complications were found.The postoperative h ospitatation time was 6~8 days.With follow-up from 1 to 45 months after operat ion,the recover of heart function and cosmetic effects were very well in all cas es.Conclusion The open heart surgery on beating hearet through(with)minor incisi on has a benefit of minor injury and cosmetic result.It′s operation indications are correction of simple ASD,VSD and pulononary stenosis.


In the period from 2000 to 2001 acid attacks rose by 53 percent. Often the attacks are the result of jealousy rejection or failed attempts to bully new in-laws for more dowry money. It is not uncommon for the husband after failing to receive more money from the parents to then go and douse his wife in acid. The intent is to disfigure and abandon her for life guaranteeing that she will never be able to marry and live a normal life. (excerpt)


Withdrawn. IN SITU GROWTH OF ORGANICALLY-MODIFIED MAGNESIUM SILICATE CLAYS WITHIN POLY(ETHYLENE OXIDE) MATRICES TO PREPARE HYBRID NANOCOMPOSITES. B en edicte Lebeau, Laboratoire de Mat eriaux Min eraux, ENSCMu, CNRS, Mulhouse, FRANCE; Nicola T. Whilton, Stephen Mann, School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, UNITED KINGDOM. A direct synthetic method has been developed to produce hybrid materials composed of polymeric matrices in ltrated with layered inorganic particles. Amino-functionalised Mg-phyllosilicates were prepared inside a poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) matrix under quasi non-aqueous conditions. The sol-gel based method involved the precipitation of the smectite-like framework from mixed ethanol/polymer solutions containing organotrialkoxysilane and metal salts. (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES) was employed to produce lamellar organically-modi ed magnesium silicate clays with structures analogous to the inorganic 2 :1 phyllosilicates. Nanostructured PEO-organoclay composites in bulk and lms consisting of amino-functionalised magnesium organo-phyllosilicates embedded in PEO matrix have been prepared with di erent layered inorganic particle loadings. Typically, the molar ratio Si:EO (ethylene oxide unit) was varied from 1:10 to 1:1. X-ray di raction patterns recorded showed for all samples showed re ections characteristic of crystalline PEO and layered magnesium organosilicate. The intralayer re ection at 2 59 (d = 1.56-1.57 ) is characteristic of the 2:1 trioctahedral phyllosilicate structure and was observed in the XRD patterns in all the PEO-magnesium (organo)phyllosilicates synthesized. The presence of this re ection indicated not only the successful formation of the smectite-like structure, but also the ability of the layered inorganic framework to accommodate the presence of


The diversity-multiplexing trade-off function provides a complete view to evaluate both the diversity-based and the multiplexing-based space-time schemes. The trade-off performance of the linear dispersive codes (LDCs) over both the block fading and the fast fading channels is analysed. Results show that LDCs can achieve better trade-off performance than some of the existing space-time schemes over block fading channels. For fast fading channels, the time factor is clearly expressed in the trade-off function, and the analysis shows that LDCs can achieve both the space diversity and the time diversity simultaneously.


Abstract Obstructive jaundice is a common surgical disease and a variety of end-stage severe liver injuries still lack effective treatments. Compared to traditional liver transplantation therapy, herbal treatment is noninvasive and has fewer side effects. Research results have shown that a modified major decoction of bupleurum can reduce the toxic reaction of obstructive jaundice, even though the mechanism is unclear. A period of chronic exercise training can significantly reduce TLR4 expression in mononuclear cells and the secretion of inflammatory cell factors. Our study administered a modified major decoction of bupleurum in combination with exercise in rats with obstructive jaundice and the results indicated that applying a major bupleurum decoction in combination with moderately intense aerobic exercise showed a beneficial effect on adjusting the expression of liver inflammatory cytokines, which thus improved immunity and finally reduced the liver injury of rats with obstructive jaundice.


The calculation of Zwicker's loudness which is needed for multiple frequency response with a fine frequency resolution using the finite element (FE) procedure usually requires significant computation time since a numerical solution must be obtained for each considered frequency. Furthermore, if the analysis is the basis for an iterative optimization procedure this approach imposes high computational cost. In this work, we present an efficient approach for obtaining Zwicker's loudness via the Pade approximants and applying in an acoustical topology optimization procedure. The paper is focused on an efficient and accurate calculation of Zwicker"s loudness, design sensitivity analysis, and the acoustical topology optimization method by using Pade approximants. The paper compares the efficient algorithm to results obtained by a standard FEM. Comparison are made both in terms of accuracy and in terms of CPU-times needed for the calculation.


On mining activities at PT.Ciptakridatama site MHU Tanjung Laong the
presence of mechanical devices would greatly support the success of that operation
itself. So its use must be calculated precisely in order to achieve optimal results.
Based on the fact in the field is still not working good between loading tools and
transport tools so productivity of mechanical devices that work is not in fullfiled the
planned production targets. Improved work efficiency between loading tools and
transport tool greatly affect the achievement of production targets. Mining system
used was the open pit. By using the excavator loading and transport CAT 329DL
excavators 1 unit, 1 unit of CAT 336D excavator, CAT 320D excavator 2 unit as a
support unit and truck unit Hino 8 FM260JD.Production target planne d by the
company amounted to 150,000 tons / month. Based on calculations, coal production
is now only 107,036.595 tons / month, resulting in a shortfall of 42,963.405 tons /
month. Failure to achieve production targets because the number of effective
working time lost because of the obstacles that occur, both obstacles can be avoided
and obstacles that can not be avoided. The amount of Effective Utilization (EU) will
affect the EU's production of 47.3% and unloading tools and transport equipment
amounted to 31.84%.The achievement of production targets is done by increasing the
effective ultilization to make improvements to the barriers - barriers so effective
ultilization unloading tools and transport tools could rise to 50.01%. Production of
transportation equipment increased to 168,189.704 tons / month.


ABSTRACT This article poses the question of whether a 'Culture of Equality' might emerge through a progression of moves which bring greater equality to existing structures of gender inequality, or if something altogether more radical is necessary? Considering machismo in the south of Brazil, it moves beyond an analysis of women's resistance to machismo and towards a focus on the ways in which women use machismo productively, even turning it to their advantage. In this formulation machismo becomes a productive site within which women who understand the rules of this folk model of patriarchy are able to not only play its games successfully, but also construct their own gendered, and in their view 'modern', lives. This however leaves us with the unanswered question of whether this is sufficient, or just a beginning?


The embodiment of the invention provides a calling processing method and device, wherein the method comprises the steps: if a first MSC/VLR (Mobile Switching Center/Visitor Location Register) is in failure in routing, the first MSC/VLR sends user number information of a mobile terminal to a pre-appointed second MSC/VLR; the first MSC/VLR obtains a mobile user roaming number distributed by the second MSC/VLR according to the user number information of the mobile terminal; and the first MSC/VLR establishes a call connection between the first MSC/VLR and the second MSC/VLR by using the mobile user roaming number.


Short-pulse-laser-induced damage and ablation of thin films of amorphous, diamond-like carbon have been investigated. Material removal and damage are caused by fracture of the film and ejection of large fragments. The fragments exhibit a delayed, intense and broadband emission of microsecond duration. Both fracture and emission are attributed to the laser-initiated relaxation of the high internal stresses of the pulse laser deposition-grown films.


Avian malaria remains an obscure and mostly unknown avian infection despite the socio-economic threat it poses for poultry industries and its potential to hinder conservation efforts. Therefore, diagnostics for the infection should be expedient, efficient and flexible in applicability. We compared and contrasted two diagnostic techniques for avian malaria; microscopy and polymerase chain reaction (PCR).We also used both methods to determine the basic distribution and prevalence of avian malaria amongst passerines in the Western Cape. Approximately 1000 birds from 49 species were sampled from 26 wetlands across theWestern Cape and examined for avian malarial infections. Infections were categorized by genus of malarial pathogen and by bird species infected. Using ocular diagnosis, 183 (18%) birds were infected, compared to 221 (23%) birds diagnosed with PCR. Plasmodium spp. were found to be the predominant cause of infection using both techniques, followed by Haemoproteus and Leucocytozoon, respectively. Although outcomes from both techniques were strongly correlated, PCR was superior in terms of its sensitivity and expediency. PCR also has wider applicability for users with varying experience in malarial diagnostics, further endorsing molecular diagnostics as the default technique for in-depth analysis of avian malaria epidemiology.


Satellite systems generally require a 6to 8-year cycle from planning to operation. Changes to the present INTELSAT system, based on the use of INTELSAT V, are being evaluated with respect to research and development requirements. Three technologies emerge as important to the next generation; these are multibeam antennas, onboard satellite switching, and intersatellite links. This paper makes a technology assessment of these three areas.


Based on investigation and test of the noise of the spinning workshop and the weaving workshop in textile mills, the noise condition in textile mills is analysed.By sampling the comparable groups,the effects of noise on production as well as on workers' mental and physical health is studied by use of the method of combining questionnaires study with on-the-spot test.A comprehensive approach of lowering noise is proposed.


This article reports two studies that extend results of Motowidlo, Dunnette & Carter (1990) by providing further evidence about relations between situational inventory scores, job performance, and demographic factors. Study 1 found an average predictive validity of .25 against supervisory performance ratings in a sample of 36 management applicants from one telecommunications company. Study 2 found an average concurrent validity of .20, again against supervisory performance ratings, in a sample of 109 to 128 marketing incumbents from four telecommunications companies. Combined with results reported earlier, these results yield an overall validity estimate of .26, with race and sex differences estimated at less than a third of a standard deviation, and confirm the potential usefulness of the low-fidelity simulation in the form of a situational inventory for employee selection.


This Proceedings contains the papers presented at the IFAC Workshop on Mobile Robot Technology, held in Jejudo Island, Korea, on 20 - 23 May 2001. This is an important and interesting topic, and this Proceedings contains approximately 50 papers featuring some of the very best work being undertaken by research groups from all around the world. The papers deal with both the theoretical and practical aspects of mobile robot technology, covering important problems and issues related to the subject.


Abstract This paper inverstigates the automorphism groups of Cayley graphs of metracyclic p-gorups. A characterization is given of the automorphism groups of Cayley grahs of a metacyclic p-group for odd prime p. In particular, a complete determiniation of the automophism group of a connected Cayley graph with valency less than 2p of a nonabelian metacyclic p-group is obtained as a consequence. In subsequent work, the result of this paper has been applied to solve several problems in graph theory.


In his essay 'The Scandal of Skepticism', Stanley Cavell discusses aspects of the work of Emmanuel Levinas with a view to understanding how 'philosophical and religious ambitions so apparently different' as his own and those of Levinas can have led to 'phenomenological coincidences so precise'. The present paper explores themes of scepticism and alterity as these emerge in the work of these two increasingly influential philosophers. It shows education to be a sustained preoccupation in their work, crucially related to these guiding themes. In the process it seeks to dispel certain assumptions regarding poststructuralism, on the one hand, and the religious implications of Levinas's thought, on the other. This lays the way for an account of the criticality of human being, of the significance of this for community, and of the demands this makes on education.


Davis, KL, Kang, M, Boswell, BB, DuBose, KD, Altman, SR, and Binkley, HM. Validity and reliability of the medicine ball throw for kindergarten children. J Strength Cond Res 22(6): 1958-1963, 2008-The purpose of this study was to establish validity and reliability evidence for the medicine ball throw test for kindergarten students, an underrepresented group in the literature. The subjects were 105 students, 5-7 years old, BMI 17.44 ± 3.17 kg·m−2, 43% female and 57% male. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were used to examine reliability, and Pearson correlation coefficients and a paired t-test were used to examine validity. To accomplish this, the kindergarten students completed the medicine ball throw test on two different days and the modified pull-up test, the "criterion" measure, on another day. For the medicine ball throw, each student sat on the floor before throwing the medicine ball forward like a chest pass three times. The medicine ball throw was highly reliable both within 1 day (ICCs = 0.93 and 0.94 for day 1 and day 2, respectively) and across 2 days (ICC = 0.88), with all reliability estimates over the acceptable level of 0.80. The medicine ball throw scores were positively related with height (r = 0.34) and weight (r = 0.34), and there was a significant difference between the 5-year-old group (mean ± SD; 111.78 ± 34.93) and the 6-year-old group (135.60 ± 39.77), t = −3.23, p = 0.002, which supports correlational and known-difference evidence of validity for the medicine ball throw test. Even though no correlation was found between the medicine ball throw test and the modified pull-up test, r = −0.04, other forms of validity evidence (i.e., known-difference and correlational) were apparent. In conclusion, the medicine ball throw test seems to be a valid and reliable measure of upper-body strength for kindergarten children.


An album creating apparatus is provided, for creating an album by automatically moving the position of the main object in a page when the main object is overlapped with a fold of the album. The album creating apparatus according to the present invention includes: an image storage section; an image classification section for classifying a plurality of images into each facing page in an album; an image layout section for laying out the images classified by the image classification section into each facing page in the album; a boundary position storage section for storing the position of the page break of the facing page; a boundary judgment section for judging whether the main object in the image laid out by the image layout section is overlapped with the page break; and a main object moving section for moving the position of the main object such that the main object is not overlapped with the page break.


The two-sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov test is a widely used statistical test for detecting whether two samples are likely to come from the same distribution. Implementations typically recur on an article of Hodges from 1957. The advances in computation speed make it feasible to compute exact p-values for a much larger range of problem sizes, but these run into numerical stability problems from floating point operations. We provide a simple transformation of the defining recurrence for the two-side two-sample KS test that avoids this. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov two sample test (KS test) is perhaps the go-to statistical statistical test of whether two samples originate form the same distribution. To make things precise, we consider samples x1, . . . , xm ∈ R and y1, . . . , yn ∈ R drawn from two continuous distribution functions F and G, respectively. We form the empirical distribution functions Fm(x) := |{xi : xi ≤ x}|/m and Gn(x) = |{yi : yi ≤ x}|/n. The KS test then tests the null hypothesis F = G. The test-statistic is computed from the empirical distributions as D = supx|Fm(x)−Gn(x)|. Following the usual notation, we write the supremum even though in the cases we consider, it is actually a maximum. Working with only the ranks, the test does not make assumptions on the distributions themselves. To operationalize the test, we need to compute p-values. Smirnov famously gave the asymptotic formula that if m,n→∞ such that n/m→ q ∈ R, P2 = Prob [√ mn m+ n D ≥ x ] → 1−K(x) = 2 ∞ ∑ k=1 (−1)k−1 exp(−2kx), where K is the cumulative distribution function of the Kolmogorov distribution. We use Hodges' name P2 for the two-sided problem. However, as noted by Hodges, it is unclear how well they work in practice: After studying the problem numerically for m = 12, n = 13, . . . , 18 he writes "The Smirnov approximation is seen to be highly inaccurate for values of m and n which are already large enough for direct computations to be arduous." The amount of computation that is possible with ease has dramatically increased since the 1950s and so it is natural to revisit direct computation. ∗MathInf GmbH, email@example.com 1 ar X iv :2 10 2. 08 03 7v 2 [ st at .C O ] 2 3 Se p 20 21 1 Direct computation of p-values The key observation for the computation of p-values is that we can compute the distribution of 'D' under the null hypothesis in purely combinatorical terms. Under the assumptions, all values are distinct with probability 1. We may order the joint sequence of the xi and yj . We ignore the indices and write an x in positions where a xi occurs, and y where yi occurs, obtaining a random sequence of m xes and n ys. Under the null hypothesis, all possible ( m+n m ) distinct sequences have equal probability. We may map these to paths P between (0, 0) and (1, 1) where for each x we move to the right by 1/m and for each y we move up by 1/n. Given a path P , the statistic D is the maximum sup(x,y)∈P |x − y|. 0. 00 0 0. 06 7 0. 13 3 0. 20 0 0. 26 7 0. 33 3 0. 40 0 0. 46 7 0. 53 3 0. 60 0 0. 66 7 0. 73 3 0. 80 0 0. 86 7 0. 93 3 1. 00 0 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 To compute the probability that D ≤ d we thus need to count the (m,n)-step paths such that all grid points are in the corridor |x− y| < d and devide this number Am,n by the total number of paths ( m+n n ) . The classical iteration ([2]) is Ai,j =  0 if |i/m− j/n| ≥ d, 1 if |i/m− j/n| < d and (i = 0 or j = 0), Ai−1,j +Ai,j−1 otherwise. As we are iterating over the nodes inside the corridor (because we will not compute the zero values except perhaps from rounding up to a fixed number of nodes), this is called the inside method. Hodges notes that the number of additions increases as n 3 2 as problem sizes increases and that operands increase exponentially. With today's computational resources, we are only mildly concerned about the number of operations. However, even in today's software packages the size of operands translates into difficulties with numerical accuracy. Taking SciPy [3] as an example, when the probability P2 is computed, they first compute 1− P2 using the inside method (with appropriate stabilization) but it can happen that 1− P2 is larger than the smallest number smaller than 1 representable by the floating point numbers used. We therefore propose to use a different scheme to compute P2 that avoids computing 1− P2. We define Ci,j = 1−Ai,j/ ( i+ j i ) as the proportion of paths from (0, 0) to the grid point (i/m, j/n) that do not stay inside the d-corridor.


A report of our experience with a complete switchover from halothane (HAL) to sevoflurane (SF) in 1550 paediatric cases over a period of 17 months is presented. SF became the sole inhalational anaesthetic in our institution in July 1990. Induction of anaesthesia with SF was performed with the overpressure technique by administering rapid increases of concentration and assisted pulmonary ventilation with a large fresh gas flow (6 l·min−1 of nitrous oxide and 3 l·min−1 of oxygen). SF concentration was increased rapidly up to 5 or 7% in increments of 2% in every 2–3 breaths. Induction time as measured in 60 cases (3–6 years) was 50 ± 5 (mean ± SD) sec for loss of eyelash reflex and 119 ± 10 (mean ± SD) sec for loss of movement to venepuncture at 7% SF concentration. No serious complications were observed. Peak serum levels of inorganic fluoride were within a safe range (less than 30 μmol·l−1) in all 7 cases in which this was studied. The results suggest that SF is a useful anaesthetic agent in paediatric anaesthesia, particularly because of its smooth and rapid inhalation induction.


Introduction. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are ranked first among the world's effective anti-inflammatory and analgesic drugs with anticipated side effects. That is why the prevention of development of adverse reactions associated with NSAIDs, in particular, of those related to their ulcerogenicity, remains a serious global problem. Aims. To characterize the mechanisms of gastrocytoprotective activity of cryopreserved placenta in combined action of low temperatures and diclofenac sodium. Material and methods. The study was performed on 42 male rats weighing 200-220 g. Acute diclofenac sodium-induced gastropathy was reproduced by a single injection of the latter in rats at the dose of 50 mg/kg. The content of malonic dialdehyde, catalase activity, prostaglandin synthase activity and the content of nitrogen monoxide metabolites in homogenates of gastric mucosa were determined by spectrophotometric method. Results and discussion. The study showed that prophylactic administration of placental cryoextract in rats with diclofenac sodium-induced gastropathy is associated with increased activity of antioxidant system in gastric mucosa as demonstrated by an elevated catalase activity by 40.0% as compared with control rats. Modulation of antioxidant-prooxidant homeostasis is believed to be one of the principal mechanisms of gastrocytoprotective action in combined action of low temperatures and cryoextract of the placenta. This is shown by a statistically significant (p < 0.05) 2.2-fold increase of antioxidant-prooxidant index in the study group as compared with rats with diclofenac sodium-induced gastropathy. Administration of placental cryoextract was found to increase prostaglandin synthase activity in rats with diclofenac sodium-induced gastropathy by two times as compared with control rats, which would reduce iatrogenic prostaglandin deficiency in gastric mucosa. Also, the combined action of low temperatures and of placenta cryoextract was associated with a statistically significant (p < 0.05) increase in the level of metabolites of nitrogen monoxide (by 70.1%) as compared with rats with diclofenac sodium-induced gastropathy. Conclusions. Modulation of prooxidant-antioxidant homeostasis in gastric mucosa and increase in contents of nitrogen monoxide metabolites and prostaglandin synthase activity are the leading mechanisms of gastroprotective activity of cryopreserved placental extract in diclofenac sodium-induced gastropathy.


Abstract An element in a ring is called clean if it may be written as a sum of a unit and idempotent. The ring itself is called clean if every element is clean. Recently,Anderson and Camillo (Anderson,D. D.,Camillo,V. (2002). Commutative rings whose elements are a sum of a unit and an idempotent. Comm. Algebra 30(7):3327–3336) has shown that for commutative rings every von-Neumann regular ring as well as zero-dimensional rings are clean. Moreover,every clean ring is a pm-ring,that is every prime ideal is contained in a unique maximal ideal. In the same article,the authors give an example of a commutative ring which is a pm-ring yet not clean,e.g.,C(ℝ). It is this example which interests us. Our discussion shall take place in a more general setting. We assume that all rings are commutative with 1.


In 2009 the New York University Steinhardt School of Culture, Education, and Human Development, in association with the US State Department, inaugurated a summer programme called 'The Reconciliation of American Diversity with National Unity' for British scholars of American studies. In 2010, it began an association with the US-UK Fulbright Commission before being discontinued in 2011 when funding was reallocated to establish new Fulbright Scholar Awards in the field. The seven contributors to this special issue are drawn from that initial Fulbright cohort and this collection is designed in part to commemorate a particular moment in the life of the discipline in the UK. The aim of the one-month programme was to explore the ways in which American culture had succeeded or failed to live up to the phrase on the Great Seal of the United States: E Pluribus Unum. True to the aims of American studies as an area of enquiry, this question was explored through a variety of disciplinary lenses including, but not limited to, those represented in this special issue: literature, history, art, architecture, intellectual history, and film. Although a perennial theme in both American studies as a discipline and the larger realm of American society and politics, the decision to run a course on the question of American unity and diversity at that moment in time came out of the perception that American studies was facing a crisis in the UK and required a new narrative through which to understand itself. In addition, it coincided with the resurgence of what was being perceived internationally as a new wave of American nationalism that had been damaging to the USA's reputation in Britain. On 15 April 2009 there had been a series of protests in more than 750 cities across the USA. Nominally directed against Barack Obama's tax policy, these protests signalled the large-scale emergence of a new conservative populism in American society. Going by the name of The Tea Party (recalling the Boston Tea Party of 1773), this group had numerous, diverse, and frequently contradictory grievances against the Washington political system. Ranging from resistance to so-called 'Obama-care' health reform and a 'Keynesian' policy of fiscal stimulus, to discontent with certain state government policies towards gay marriage, abortion, or the secularization of schools, the Tea Party's multiplatform protest movement often seemed to be unified more by circumstance than judgement. However, threads of unity can be found in this diverse body. Standing on Boston Common on 15 April, David Tuerck (an academic from the Boston-based Suffolk University) announced: 'It's time for us to rally around a new cause, which is to return America to the principles for which our


For the last decade, the area of e-business and e-service has expanded rapidly. Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) is introduced to create and execute a business process on the Web. In order to create and execute the business process, relevant web services need to be composed or reconfigured based on the business process logic. Traditionally, web services composition and reconfiguration are optimized with service's functional attributes such as quality of service including latency, round trip time, and so on. However, these days, with the evolution of network technology and the growth of mobile device usages, we come to have more various choices to consume the business process from the wired network to the wireless network and from desktop to smart phone. In addition, since the method to access web services becomes diverse, the network environment system come to be more heterogeneous. Therefore, in the process of web service composition and reconfiguration, the non-functional attributes such as client's profile, the current geographical location, and other information has been emerged as another important factor to consider so that the web services which are specifically adapted for the client's current status can be provided. We call the non-function attributes as context. In this paper, we take the various context information to compose or reconfigure web services in a business process and propose two models; Context Agent and Context Manager. Context agent is embedded in client's mobile device, collects client's context information and delivers them to context manager. And the context manager is responsible for a context reasoning to utilize Q-Broker for service composition and Adaptation Manager for service reconfiguration in terms of context.


Objectives Previously we reported that chocolate have property to protect probiotics from simulated digestive juice, indicating chocolate may be a useful tool to deliver them to intestine with alive. So, probiotics processed with chocolate may have more beneficial effects on the intestine by producing metabolite. To evaluate the effect of chocolate containing Lactobacillus brevis(L. brevis)NTT001 on the intestine, we performed a randomized placebo-controlled double-blind trial. Methods Ninety-eight healthy volunteers with a tendency for constipation were devided into two groups and given 28 g of test chocolate containing live L. brevis NTT001(1.0×109 cfu╱28g)or a placebo daily for two weeks. Results Compared to before ingestion period, defecation frequency and fecal amount were significantly increased throughout ingestion period by test chocolate and placebo, but no significant differences between two groups. However, fecal analysis showed that acetic acid, main short-chain fatty acid in the intestine, was significantly increased after ingestion of test chocolate. In addition, change in amount of fecal acetic acid was significantly higher after ingestion of test chocolate than placebo, and it of total short-chain fatty acid and propionate tended to be higher. Number of fecal Lactobacillus was significantly higher after ingestion of test chocolate than placebo. Conclusions In conclusion, although no clear significant effect of L. brevis NTT001 on defecation were observed, fecal analysis indicate that L. brevis NTT001 improve the intestinal environment by increase of acetic acid and Lactobacillus in the intestine.


This paper discusses topology, shape and size optimization of fully compliant mechanisms for path generation applications using curved frame elements and genetic algorithm. The topology optimization problem is treated as a discrete '0-1' problem wherein the elastic modulus is chosen as 0 or some pre-specified value, and no intermediate value in between. As the Young's moduli are discrete topology design variables, function based genetic algorithm is employed for optimization. The size optimization variables are the lengths, in-plane widths and out-of-plane thicknesses of frame elements. Shape optimization is performed using the end slopes. Kirchhoff's shallow arch beam theory is employed along with co-rotational geometrically nonlinear formulation. Synthesis examples are presented to demonstrate the applicability of min-max criterion proposed to achieve a curved path specified using precision points.Copyright © 2006 by ASME


Multiferroic BiFeO3 (BFO) thin films with (111), (100), (110) preferred, and random orientations were deposited by radio frequency magnetron sputtering on SrRuO3-buffered SrTiO3(111), SrTiO3(100), SrTiO3(110), and Pt(111)/Ti/SiO2/Si(100) substrates, respectively. The orientation dependences of ferroelectric and fatigue behavior of the BFO thin films were investigated. As expected, the (111)-oriented BFO thin film exhibits the highest, giant ferroelectric polarization (2Pr=196.9 μC/cm2) at 1 kHz and room temperature using positive up negative down measurement, while the (100)-oriented BFO thin film possesses an almost fatigue-free behavior up to 5.25×107 switching cycles when measured at 100 kHz and room temperature. The observed behavior confirms that the largest spontaneous polarization direction and the fatigue endurance are (111) and (100) for BFO thin films, respectively. Regardless of the film orientation, the charge carriers that are responsible for dielectric relaxation and conductivity are oxygen ...


District Morena in Madhya Pradesh is well-known for rapeseed- mustard cultivation, milk and honey production. Out of total 2.68 lakh ha area under cultivation, the net sown area under rapeseed-mustard and berseem is about 1.52 lakh ha; the region is enriched with abundant rapeseed-mustard and berseem flora during the months of October to March. Floras of these crops provide nectar and pollen to honey bees for food and abundant production of honey. Cultivation of these crops and favourable environmental conditions act as a catalyst to start and also support commercial beekeepers from Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh and Bihar for migratory beekeeping.


THE inner sides of the wooden boards of Bodleian MS. e Mus. 66 (SC 3655)1 show offset writing from four pages of a manuscript of Arator De Actibus Apostolorum. Parts of bk. I, lines 32-63, 85-122, 647-681, 684-724 are legible, when looked at through a mirror. The pieces of manuscript which have left traces on the boards consisted of two sheets laid sideways. That at the beginning had its upper margin and that at the end its lower margin towards the spine. I call the upper half of the offset on the front board p. 1 and the lower half p. iz, and the upper half of the offset on the back board p. 3 and the lower half p. 4, and use inverted commas when referring to the pages of the manuscript from which the offsets are derived. P. 1 contains lines 85-122, p. 2 lines 647-681, p. 3 lines 684-724 and p. 4 lines 3263. This sequence shows that the two sheets were adjacent, the one on the back board lying outside the one on the front board, and that 'p. 1' followed immediately on 'p. 4,' and 'p. 3' immediately on 'p. 2,' i.e., 'p. 4' was a verso, 'p. 1' a recto, 'p. 2' a verso and 'p. 3' a recto. In other words, the offsets are of two double openings: the first consisting of 'pp. 4+1' and the second of 'pp. 2+3.' 29 lines appear on pp. 1, 2, 30 lines on p. 3 and 925 lines on p. 4 where the writing is more widely spaced. From the number of lines missing between p. 1 and p. 2 it is probable that the quire to which the two sheets belonged was of at least 5 sheets (10 leaves) and that the three inner sheets (6 leaves) are missing.2 The offsets are of the central portion of each sheet, so that line-ends are preserved on pp. 2, 4, and line-beginnings on pp. 1, 3. About three-quarters of the full width remains on p. 4, about two-thirds on pp. 1, 3, and rather less than half on p. 2. Some lines at the foot of pp. 1, 2 and some lines at the head of pp. 3, 4 are covered by the overfold of the skin binding, which was raised for the purposes of transcription and photography. The offset writing covered by the skin is clearer than elsewhere. Extreme measurements are 176X100 mm. on p. 1, 180 X85 mm. on p. 2, 160X100 mm. on p. 3 and 160X120 mm. on p. 4. The space separating p. 1 from p. 2 and p. 3 from p. 4 is about 40 mm. wide.


Detection of antibiotics in the blood is necessary for characterizing their common or individual pharmacokinetics. This has increased the need in rapid detection techniques, such as lateral flow immunoassay, for the on-site control of antibiotics. The present study characterized factors influencing the analytical parameters of lateral flow immunoassay to increase its sensitivity for detecting tetracycline in human serum samples. Assay sensitivity was increased by altering the concentrations of immunoreagents and surfactant and the number of interaction stages in the assay with indirect labeling a specific antibody. The optimal assay conditions reduced the limit of visual detection of tetracycline from 100 to 10 ng/mL. The developed assay allowed us to detect tetracycline in both two-fold diluted and undiluted human serum samples within 15 min. Our results suggest that the developed assay can be used to screen patients under antibiotic treatment.


In this article, static problems involving axially-loaded piled raft foundations are analysed by a boundary element formulation. In this approach, the raft is assumed to have linear elastic properties and is represented by integral equations based on Kirchhoff's plate model. The soil is supposed to be an infinite layered medium or finite stratum solid. Numerical analyses are presented for different foundation configurations and the results of those analyses are investigated.


Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars (CRISM) data can be used to identify the presence of minerals on the surface or Mars. The data are a peculiar set from which to extract endmembers. Using an image from a previously investigate area of the surface, we compare a geometrical and a statistical algorithm for extracting endmembers for mineral identification. Both algorithms correctly identified the spectra of the two minerals known to be present in the Nili Fossae region of Mars. Both algorithms suffer from linearity assumption. Even though the statistical algorithm is less robust with respect to outliers, it has potential to extract endmembers in complex data clouds because of its local nature.


A case of fixed drug eruption induced by minocycline on the glans penis of a 26‐year‐old man is reported. Later oral administration of minocycline reproduced the same type of eruption, but tetracycline, possessing the same starting structure as minocycline, did not induce the eruption. Laboratory findings were normal. This seems to be the first case of fixed drug eruption induced by minocycline to appear in the literature.


Determination of specific mutations in human genes that cause disease requires laborious and time-consuming cloning before the gene can be sequenced. Recently, a technique was developed that …


The aim of this study is to perform a needs assessment for a unit that is planned to introduce the cultural diversity in Turkey to middle school students within the scope of the Social Science course. The main purpose of needs assessments is to reveal what a curriculum must have in its goals and contents dimensions. In this way, educators comprehend the needs of the students better and have the opportunity to decide what subjects at which level should be included in the curriculum in the light of concrete data. In this study, it is aimed to determine the consistency of these values that are planned to be written into the Social Science curriculum with an evaluation based on the opinions of teachers and students. It is thought that a needs assessment study to be carried out on this subject will lead to the development of a more functional education program that will meet social expectations. Hence, as a result of interviews with Social Science teachers and middle school students, it was concluded that students' cultural awareness, respect for differences, and empathy skills were not at the desired level and needed to be improved. Therefore, it was concluded that the cultural diversity in Turkey needs to be more recognized and known by students. Because of that, it is recommended to include more goals and earnings in our curricula, which are aimed at introducing cultural diversity to students. While the Social Science course can be a qualified tool for the transfer of related gains to students, it is thought that it is a better way to try to reach these goals with a whole new course that includes only the aforementioned gains.


The complete molecule of the title compound, C26H24N2O4, is generated by a crystallographic centre of inversion. There are two intramolecular O—H⋯N hydrogen bonds. In the crystal structure, intermolecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds result in zigzag chains.


Some of the algorithms developed within the artificial neural-networks tradition can be easily adopted to wireless sensor network platforms and will meet the requirements for sensor networks like: simple parallel distributed computation, distributed storage and data robustness. As a result of the dimensionality reduction obtained simply from the outputs of the neural-networks clustering algorithms, lower communication costs and energy savings can also be obtained. In this paper we will present two possible implementations of the ART and FuzzyART neural-networks algorithms, which are unsupervised learning methods for categorization of the sensory inputs. They are tested on a data obtained from a set of several motes, equipped with several sensors each. Results from simulations of purposefully faulty sensors show the data robustness of these architectures. The proposed neural-networks classifiers have distributed short and long-term memory of the sensory inputs and can function as security alert when unusual sensor inputs are detected.


Niqab which was known by Arabs before Islam currrently became a dress choice for other Muslimah. Use of niqab among female students at IAIN Madura increased year by year. Thus, the reason related to its use was a question of this paper. This study employed qualitative method with descriptive phenomenological approach. While the data were collected by using observation, interview and documentation technique. Some informants involved were female students whose wear niqab, lecturers and other students. Triangulation was used as data validation method. This study found that some reasons of wearing niqab among female students are the belief of self-dignity, self-guide, and the feel of self-peaceful. On the other hand, female students with niqab encountered stereotypical experiences such as judged as terrorist and being discriminated by their family and surroundings.


Since 2000 the MRISC study evaluates the psychological consequences of regular breast cancer surveillance for women at increased risk for hereditary breast cancer. Coping style may influence these psychological consequences. In a cohort of 357 women at increased risk for hereditary breast cancer, the impact of coping styles on the course, divided into level and trend of psychological distress (general and breast cancer specific) was examined, around two consecutive surveillance appointments.


The mechanism of modification of rhodium carbonyl complexes by polycations with diallyl structure was studied in hydroformylation of hexene-1 under the conditions of two-phase catalysis (water-organic solvent). The hydrophilic-hydrophobic balance of the system can be controlled by both the nature of the counter-ion or radical at a nitrogen atom in a quaternary ammonium group and the composition of an aqueous phase. In situ IR-spectroscopy showed that the function of the polycation is the stabilization of the catalytically active mononuclear anionic and neutral complexes of rhodium. The catalytic properties of rhodium complexes immobilized on 4-N-pyrrolidinopyridine polymers insoluble in organic solvents are studied in hydroformylation of olefins. The effect of a solvent is found. On the basis of experimental findings, a new technology can be proposed for the synthesis of isovaleraldehyde by isobutylene hydroformylation. Isovaleraldehyde is an intermediate product in the synthesis of the components of cardioactive drugs.


Metals and metal oxides are widely used as catalysts of the electrochemical reduction of CO2. Herein, we report a low-cost catalyst based on nano-polyaniline polymerized on graphite, which is used...


The issue of cadmium in cocoa beans has become one of the primary considerations in setting quality criteria in chocolate-consuming countries. Using rootstock genotypes that are tolerant to cadmium uptake can provide data on the absorption of cadmium into shoots for recovery. This study examined cocoa plants' growth and physiological response to cadmium (Cd) accumulation. The research was carried out using polybags in the Greenhouse of the Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Center using a half-sib family of cocoa aged 4 months after sowing. The study was designed using a completely randomized split-plot design with 3 replications. The parent plots were the half-sib families of Sulawesi 1, Sulawesi 2, and Scavina 6. The subplots were added with cadmium solution at 0 (control), 2, 4, and 8 ppm. The results showed that adding cadmium up to 8 ppm did not affect the growth and biomass of cocoa seedlings; however, it had a negative effect on plant physiological processes of the net assimilation rate and relative growth rate. Cadmium content in the tissue increased with increasing cadmium concentration in the growing medium. The accumulation of cadmium in roots was higher than that of shoots. Absorption of cadmium in the root tissue of Sulawesi 1 was higher than that of Scavina 6 and Sulawesi 2; genetic factors did not affect cadmium uptake in the shoots. There was a positive correlation between root dry weight and cadmium concentration in the tissue; the higher the dry weight of the root tissue, the higher the cadmium uptake in plants.


The accurate simulation of the dynamics of the anaerobic–anoxic–oxic (A2O) process in the biochemical reactions in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) is important for system prediction and optimization. Previous studies have used real-time monitoring data of WWTPs to develop data-driven predictive models, but these models cannot be used to provide mathematical analysis of A2O dynamic properties. In this study, we developed a new simulation and analysis method for determining A2O dynamics in biochemical reactions using deep learning and the Koopman operator to address the above problems. This method was validated through data from a real-world WWTP in east China and compared it with the traditional deep learning model. According to the results, the new method achieved high-accuracy prediction. Meanwhile, with the help of the Koopman operator, the new method was able to analyze the asymptotical stability and convergence behavior of the A2O process, which provides a brand-new perspective for the in-depth study of biochemical reactor dynamics.


2-localφ-derivations from some CSL algebras on a complex separable Hilbert space were studied. The lattice generated by finite commuting independent nests and completely distributive and commutative nests were two special types of CSL.First,it was proved that every norm continuous 2-localφ-derivation from a FCIN algebra is aφ-derivation.Second,it was shown that every norm continuous 2-localφ-derivation from a CDC algebra into any ultraweakly closed subalgebra containing the algebra is aφ-derivation.


Abstract The paper investigates, by means of a simulation methodology, the flow separating from a 40 degrees backward-swept wing at 9 degrees incidence and Reynolds number of 210,000, based on the wing-root chord length. The Simulation corresponds to LDA, PIV and suction-side-topology measurements for the same geometry, conducted by other investigators specifically to provide validation data. The finest block-structured mesh contains 23·6 million nodes and is organised in 256 blocks to maximise mesh quality and facilitate parallel solution on multi-processor machines. The near-wall layer is resolved, to a thickness of about y + = 20, by means of parabolised URANS equations that include an algebraic eddy-viscosity model and from which the wall-shear stress is extracted to provide an unsteady boundary condition for the simulation. The numerical solution is in good agreement with the experimental behaviour over the 50-70% inboard portion of the span, but the simulation fails to resolve some complex features close to the wing tip, due to a premature leading-edge vortex breakdown and loss in vortex coherence. The comparisons and their discussion provide useful insight into various physical characteristics of this complex separated wing flow.


[1] In this study, the response of the climate system to aerosol direct and indirect radiative forcing is investigated. Several multidecadal equilibrium simulations are carried out, using the NCAR CCM3 framework coupled to a separately developed aerosol treatment. The aerosol treatment includes, e.g., a life cycle scheme for particulate sulfate and black carbon (natural and anthropogenic), calculations of aerosol size distributions and CCN activation, as well as computations of direct and indirect forcing (1st and 2nd indirect effect). In all the simulations the full aerosol treatment is run online, hence responding interactively to changes in climate. By far the largest response is caused by the indirect forcing, with a globally averaged cooling of −1.25 K due to anthropogenic aerosols. The largest temperature reduction is found in the Northern Hemisphere because of a larger aerosol burden there. As a result of this cooling pattern, the Intertropical Convergence Zone is displaced southward by a few hundred kilometers. Interestingly, a similar, though less significant displacement is also found in the experiments with the direct effect alone, even though the globally averaged aerosol induced cooling is much weaker in that case, i.e., −0.08 K. The direct radiative forcing is much stronger at the surface than at the top of the atmosphere, and this leads to a slight weakening of the hydrological cycle. Comparing simulations with direct and indirect forcing combined to those with indirect and direct forcing separately, a residual, caused by nonlinear model feedbacks, is manifested through a reduction in precipitation. This reduction amounts to −0.5% in a global average and exceeds −2.5% in the Arctic, highlighting the role of high-latitude climate feedbacks. Globally, cloud feedback is negative in the sense that in the colder climate resulting from anthropogenic aerosol forcing, net cloud forcing is reduced by 15% compared to the original climate state. This is caused by a general cloud thinning, especially at high latitudes, while in the most polluted regions, clouds are thicker through the 2nd indirect effect. The 1st indirect effect, on the other hand, remains intact in the presence of climate feedbacks, yielding a similar signature of cloud droplet reduction as in the pure forcing simulations.


It introduced the principle of fast all-electronic 3D THz FMCW imaging technology,and its application in nondestructive inspection.This technology could get a wonderful result for different composite material inspection.


PS40/AUS/1 Australia Day, Matilda Festival. Perry Lakes. Coproduced by Hyde Park Festival Council Inc. 1987? PS40/AUS/2 Australia Day Free Concerts. Povey Petroleum Free Family Concert, Australia Day Choral Service, Telcom's Music for the People. 1986? PS40/AUS/3 Australia Day Free Events. Peter Ice Cream Australia Day Concert, Australia Day Choral Service, Flag Raising Ceremony, Well Dressing Ceremony, Australia Day with the W.A. Symphony Orchestra, W.A. Museum Special Exhibition. 1985? PS40/AUS/4 Youth Zone featuring British India, Calling All Cars, Elora Danan. Concert and activities. Langley Park. 26 January 2009. PS40/AUS/5 Australia Day 26 January. Hyde Park Australia Day Festival. Picture of Australian flag. Poster, 52 x 79 cm. 1983. PS40/AUS/6 Hyde Park Festival Council Inc. presents the Matilda Festival. Australia Day 26 January. Perry Lakes Parkland. Poster, 52 x 79 cm. 1986.


The data acquisition system is a vital component in the high-energy physics experiment. To reduce redundant developments and allow for a fast setup under changing conditions, D-Matrix has been developed as an integrative solution in digital signal domain, including the hardware infrastructure and the data handling logical system. Its philosophy is to abstract different tasks in the data processing and encapsulate them as reusable modules with standard inter-module connectors. Furthermore, D-Matrix builds a unified model to integrate software and hardware design so that the system can be built from a global view. D-Matrix will be used in ion cooler-storage-ring external-target experiments. It aims at the research of phase structure of cold and high baryon density nuclear matter and the equation of states of cold asymmetric nuclear matter at supra-saturation densities. This DAQ can also be used in other high-energy physics experiments with little modifications. This paper presents the architecture and some details of the D-Matrix.


Clarification of conceptual and terminological apparatus is an urgent task of modern pedagogy, in this connection the paper deals with the concept of pedagogical event, as well as its relationship with the main pedagogical categories: education, training and upbringing. Based on the research conducted within the social and human sciences, the integral features of the event, such as the significance of changes in the life of the subject and spatial and temporal characteristics were identified, which allowed to define the pedagogical event in an interdisciplinary dynamic aspect. One of the main functions of education in the modern world is the transmission of culture from one generation to another, reproduction and development of culture. If the aim of education is understood as the transmission, reproduction and generation of culture, the pedagogical event can be defined as a change through adaptation of cultural experience of humanity to the cultural experience of the student, i.e. translation of culture from one person to another.


This article explores six craft-based urban social innovation initiatives implemented in Venice between 2014 and 2021, considered decisive for the candidature of the city in the New European Bauhaus programme. Adopting a qualitative approach based on multiple case study methods, it reconstructs how the promotion of traditional craft enterprises entered the local policy agenda through mechanisms that strengthen the embeddedness of the issue. The article emphasises the polycentrism of social innovation initiatives and highlights the importance of creativity as a tool to trigger co-design processes, of the projects as contexts for knowledge and information sharing, and of events and happenings as contexts for strengthening social capital and increasing its accessibility. In the final part of the paper, some limitations that are emerging and new research lines for the future are suggested.


Generally, readers have a negative idea of the Exile. Psalm 137 has fuelled the idea that this was a time of sorrow and despair. This image of the Exile influenced, for instance, Luther's ideas on the Babylonian Captivity of the Church. The four essays in this volume deconstruct and reconstruct this image. Bob Becking tries to recreate a history of the exile. On the basis of the available evidence, this could be no more than a fragmented history, nevertheless showing that the fate of the exiles was not as bad as often supposed. Anne Mareike Wetter reveals that the biblical image of exile is multi facetted. She shows how a tradition of a people tied to their God-given land was challenged by the reality of foreign occupation. And how that people eventually succeeded in translating this experience, appropriating them through a transformation into a counter-tradition that enabled them to cope with the new situation, without breaking entirely with their cultural and religious heritage.


Although a considerable body of literature has been devoted to examining the physical, psychological, and social needs of veterans after their return from deployment, relatively little is known about the spiritual struggles some veterans face. In this article, we review what we know about this spiritual struggle, highlight the relevance of spirituality in clinical practice, and show examples of how a veteran's spiritual struggle may simultaneously present alongside different suicide risk factors. Suggestions for handling this spiritual struggle are then made.


The present invention discloses a flame-retardant waterproof stretchable composite fabric, said fabric using a pillow or a mattress protective cover / cover, and use the fabric as a shield. The composite fabric suitable as flame barriers of different articles, such as mattresses, pillows, seats and upholstered furniture, which is made of gas-permeable layer composed of a plurality of connections, the at least one gas permeable layer comprises a fabric layer and are not connected permeable layer, which layer comprises a knit fabric made from natural renewable sources of cellulose fibers comprises at least 50% cellulose fiber flame retardant, halogen-free impermeable layer comprises a plastic material selected from polyurethane, or polyester and has added known flame retardant or inhibiting additive.


Background of the study: Alcoholism is a disease in which an individual has an intense urge to ingest alcoholic
beverages and causes personal and social deteriorations. It disrupts the entire life of the alcoholic and the areas of
life of everyone associated with him. Awareness regarding the dangers posed by alcohol helps the younger
generation to prevent it. Aim: To determine the level of knowledge regarding alcoholism and its ill effects among
final year DMLT (Diploma in Medical Technology) students and to associate the knowledge level with baseline
proforma. Methods and materials: A quantitative research design was adopted. This non-experimental descriptive
study was conducted in St. John's College of Paramedical Sciences in Idukki, Kerala. Thirty final year DMLT students
were included in the study by using convenient sampling technique. A self-structured knowledge questionnaire was
used to assess their knowledge on alcoholism and its ill effects. Results: Majority of students (83.3%) scored
moderate level of knowledge, 10% of them had adequate knowledge level and 6.7% of the participants had
inadequate knowledge on alcoholism.


Where Many Business Researchers Fall Short Academic literature—including research produced by business professors—is often referred to as a marketplace for ideas. Unfortunately, scholars and entrepreneurs alike have observed that academic research produced by schools often seems to have little -if anything -to do with improving the success of its ultimate customer: practicing entrepreneurs. For example, professors Pfeffer and Fong wrote in 2002:


The article explores the capabilities of the applied swimming training on the basis of the transformation of single inefficient technical elements. The notion of substitution exercises of transformative orientation is formulated. Feasibility of effective formation of the applied swimming skills on the basis of the training exercises is revealed. It has been found that application of the transforming exercises in educational process reduces the pedagogical cost of training to the applied swimming technical elements. The results of the pedagogical experiment characterizing the changes of the procedural training indicators have been presented.


List of Figures. List of Tables. About the Authors. Preface. Introduction. Quality Assurance in Mental Health. Controlled Practice as Quality Assurance. History of the Single-Case Approach. Illustrating the Steps of Controlled Practice. Diagnostics: A Graphical Problem Description. A Graphical Treatment Explanation. Therapy Process Questionnaire. Data Collection. Statistical Analysis. A Documentation System for Controlled Practice. References. Index.


Superhydrophobic surfaces present promising capabilities for the protection of building materials, such as the self-cleaning effect promoted by their high water repellence. However, these surfaces easily lose their properties when fouled with oily contaminants. It is a critical weak point for application on building facades, which are exposed to environmental pollutants such as hydrocarbons and vandalism (e.g. grafitties). A viable strategy to remove oils is to produce superhydrophilic surfaces, which present underwater superoleophobic behavior. In the case of buildings, the use of this strategy can be considered counterproductive because it promotes their interaction with water, the main vehicle of most decay agents. In this work, we have successfully combined the advantages of a superhydrophilic coating with a hydrophobic impregnation treatment, which prevents water ingress in the pore structure of the substrate. Specifically, a photo-induced superhydrophilic surface was produced on concrete by simple spraying of a starting sol containing TiO2NPs, which create a Cassie-Baxter state, a silica oligomer, producing a compatible matrix promoting a good adhesion to the substrate, and polydimethylsiloxane as a hydrophobic agent. After being exposed to sunlight, the treated surfaces switched from superhydrophobic (SCA 160º) to superhydrophilic (SCA < 10º). These surfaces presented underwater superoleophobicity (SCA 152º with CHCl3) and were easily cleaned from oil-contaminated dust without the need of employing detergents. The photoactivation does not alter the protection against water absorption (> 85% reduction). The treatment showed a suitable adhesion to the substrate and a good resistance to rainfall and outdoor exposure due to the presence of the hydrophobic silica matrix into the concrete pore structure.


Adolescence is a period of development and growth during
which people establish their sense of individual identity,
modification of the personal scheme, adaptation to more mature
intellectual capacities, to the demands of society, internalization
of a personal value system and preparation for adult roles.


At least one secondary alkanolamine to produce a hydroxide upon contact with (A) water, (B) when the evaporation rate of the acid n- butyl is the baseline rate of 1.0, 0.3 at least one organic alcohol ether solvent is less evaporation rate, (C) at least one corrosion inhibiting cyclic amide compound, (D) an amount of 0.08% or less by weight of the semi-aqueous alkaline microelectronic cleaning compositions At least one pH adjusting azole metal corrosion inhibitor, and (E) water, and optionally, the (F) at least one polyhydroxylated phenol compound corrosion inhibitor, and (G) a polyhydroxylated phenol compound corrosion inhibitor pair at least one polyalcohol or port containing become vicinal hydroxyl or vicinal Narusu Ruch benzhydryl group Thiol surface modifier, containing a semi-aqueous alkaline microelectronic cleaning compositions over PH8. .BACKGROUND


AbstractClostridial collagenase has shown potential efficacy in vitro as an agent for clinical enzymatic fasciotomy for the nonoperative treatment of Dupuytren's disease, a fixed flexion contracture deformity of the hand caused by increased collagen deposition. In this study, the effects of clostridial collagenase (enzyme) injection into rat tail tendons were investigated in vivo for safety to assess potential adverse extravasation from the injection site to adjacent collagen containing structures. Results indicate that, at doses of 150 and 300 units purified clostridial collagenase, there was no adverse extravasation from the sacrocaudalis ventralis lateralis rat tail tendon injection site to adjacent tissue, including muscle, nerve, other tendons, vessels, bone, and skin. Clostridial collagenase appears safe as a nonoperative treatment for Dupuytren's disease but will require future clinical testing for efficacy.


The night on which his future became entwined with Mrs Grayndler began with Knoke following Miss Leech from the office where both had been working back...


We present high-temperature ferromagnetism in heavily Fe-doped ferromagnetic semiconductor (FMS) (In1−x,Fex)Sb (x = 20%–35%) thin films grown by low temperature MBE. The Curie temperature (TC) of (In1−x,Fex)Sb reaches 385 K at x = 35%, which is significantly higher than room temperature and the highest value so far reported in III–V based FMSs. Moreover, large coercive force (HC = 160 Oe) and large remanent magnetization (Mr/MS = 71%) have been observed at low temperature (10 K) for an (In1−x,Fex)Sb thin film with x = 35%, indicating that the FMS (In1−x,Fex)Sb is very promising for spintronics devices.


We study higher derivative extension of the functional renormalization group (FRG). We consider FRG equations for a scalar field that consist of terms with higher functional derivatives of the effective action and arbitrary cutoff functions. We show that the ǫ expansion around the Wilson-Fisher fixed point is indeed reproduced by the local potential approximation of the FRG equations.


Are there distinctively second-personal thoughts? I clarify the question and present considerations in favour of a view on which some second-personal thoughts are distinctive. Specifically, I suggest that some second-personal thoughts are distinctive in also being first-personal thoughts. Thus, second-personal thinking provides a way of sharing another person's first-personal thoughts.


This paper estimates the parameters of Nelson-Siegel model,using the data of Treasury Bond Market in Shanghai,and obtained the time series of level factor and slope of term structure of interest rate of treasury bonds.The authors estimate the parameters of Markov-Switching VAR model separately for the time series of RMB exchange rate against the USD,the time series of average overnight interest rate of inter-bank,the level factor time series of treasury bonds,slope time series of treasury bonds and the vector time series for the four variables.The results show that,level factor and slope time series of treasury bonds changed significantly after the exchange rate system reform,and the reform as well as the relevant monetary policy adjustments have explained the changes of level factor and slope of treasury bonds.


In this paper, the market value and non-market value of different type agricultural land resources in Wuhan City were estimated by the methods of random sampling, income approach, and contingent valuation. The results showed that the total non-market value of agricultural land resources including cultivated land, horticultural land, forestland and water body was 57.712 billion Yuan, equivalent to 29.51% of the whole city's GDP in 2004. Cultivated land had a total value of 105.698 billion Yuan, with its non-market value being 19.41% of the total. The total values of horticultural land and water body were 21.932 and 98.994 billion Yuan, and the proportion of their non-market value was 48.45% and 14.23%, respectively. Forestland had a non-market value of 12.472 billion Yuan in total, or 163236 Yuan per hectare.


"Explaining that Turkey had one of the fastest growing economies in 2011, Calik Holding Chairman of the Executive Board Ahmet Calik, states, "Despite the uncertainties in Europe, this year the economy will still show at least five percent growth." Calik Holding Chairman of the Executive Board Ahmet Calik expressed that Turkey has now become a regional player due to its political stability, correct management and economic reforms. "Even in 2011, which was a difficult year for the world, Turkey...


This essay is designed to call into question the current boomlet in policy and academic circles for social capital. Social capital has become an explanation for an array of domestic problems in the United States as well as for understanding issues of third world development. 2 However, there is strong reason to ask whether the rise in interest in social capital is due to its demonstrated strength in elucidating socioeconomic phenomena or whether it is the intellectual equivalent of a stock market bubble. To be clear, analyses of social capital have highlighted an important aspect of socioeconomic behavior which has been underemphasized by economists—the role of nonmarket relationships in determining individual and collective behavior. 3 So, I do not question continuing research on this phenomenon. Rather, I ques-


This article provides a standard measure for improving communication in the financial sciences. It provides the inflator/deflator multiplier for calculating referential New Zealand dollars (rNZD, r$). It is based on the average annual CPI for all groups (estimated from quarter inflation index values provided by the Reserve Bank of New Zealand).


Corporate governance is the current exhortation in India as well as the world over. As an offshoot of economic liberalization, global investment in the form of foreign direct investment and foreign institutional investment have gained momentum leading to vast economic growth in India. On the other hand, major corporate scams that have occurred worldwide in recent times, have revealed that the need for strict supervision and scrutiny over corporate management and governance is a sin quo non for the protection of stakeholders and the growth of the nation which has to compete with the multinational companies in the global arena. Further, in India, most of the listed companies, and substantially all billion-dollar companies, are family-run. A particular characteristic of the Indian corporate landscape, however, is a tendency for individuals (and their families) to establish large interlocking networks of subsidiaries and sister companies that include partially owned, publicly listed companies. Such pyramidal structures can lead to severely inequitable treatment of shareholders. The extent of this control is frequently opaque to outsiders and undisclosed by insiders. A particular need for effective corporate governance in India is, therefore, to encourage the dynamism and