Abstract : A study has been made of vertically incident cosmic-ray trajectories at more than 400 positions on the earth's surface using sixth-degree simulations of the quiescent geomagnetic field. Twenty-six of these positions are near the South African magnetic anomaly, and six other points are in a region of the North Atlantic where Pomerantz and Agarwal have reported anomalous results. The trajectories have been calculated for rigidities separated by intervals as small as 0.01 bv to allow for the effects of the penumbra. When these trajectories are used to determine cosmic-ray cutoff rigidities, differences greater than 15 percent from the Quenby and Wenk threshold values are found in the vicinity of South Africa, the South Atlantic, and the Canary Islands. Various latitude surveys are shown to exhibit consistency when plotted against the cutoff rigidities determined by this computational method. It is concluded that although currently available simulations of the geomagnetic field are not completely adequate over some portions of the earth to describe the cosmic-ray effects in their entirety, there is essentially no difference in the cutoff rigidities determined using two currently accepted field models, even though different penumbral structures are obtained. Asymptotic directions of approach and cutoff rigidities for a number of locations are listed.


The malocclusion prevalency is taken under consideration concerning the influence that different grades of inbreeding have upon certain occlusal variables. This research showed that reproductively isolated groups can be used as an experimental model within the study of genetic epidemiology of the orofacial system. Since occlusal variations are under the continuous influence of the genetic and ecological factors, the isolated populations represent an ideal model for tracing down the subtle details of their interaction. The sample of this study encompassed 224 dental casts of children, of all the schools on the island of Hvar, which amounted to 20.20% of the total public school population. The identification of the following was done: Angle Classes, overjet, overbite, midline shift, crowding, spacing as well as the type of frontal bite. In the subjects with a greater endogamy of the second generation ancestors there was a statistically significant difference of the Class II, as well as a present influence of endogamy upon the development of grave patterns of anomalies of the Class II and III. It was concluded that regardless of the undebatable influence of the environment upon modeling of occlusal parameters, the genetic basis of the changes appear to be of paramount importance as well. It is possible to assume that a great number of mutated alleles that appear in a recessive form, after conquering the mechanisms of intermaxillar relationships, have a possibility of enhanced expression.


Lectins are glycoproteins that recognize and bind  to specific carbohydrates. they are  involved  in a range of biological  functions,  such  as  plant defence,  storage  proteins  seed  germination  and  plant  microbe  interactions. Lectin 3.1  (At3g 15356) is a protein in plant model , Arabidopsis thaliana , that has been shown  to be up-regulated in  all  defence  pathways, especially  in  responce  to methyl  ester jasmonate  (MJ) . All  thal was  known  about  the gene  was  that  it  had  good  homology  to  the  beta domain  of legume  lectins. That aim of  this  project was  to characterize  the  structure  and  function  of  the  Iectin  protein  using  CD spectra and  X-ray  crystallography. A  TDNA  insertion  line  for the  lectin  gene  and  a number  of 35S  over-expression  lines  that  had  varying  levels  of expression had been generated, but none of these showed any obvious  phenotype. Two protein bands were observed on  Comassie stained SDS-PAGE gels  in  the over-expression  lines and  in MJ  induced wild-type  (WT) . The  two protein bands represented  two  isoforms of  the  lectin 3.1  protein ; in  a glycsylation assay the  larger protein  band was shown  to be heavily glycosylated . A nematode ( M. incognita ) disease assay djscovered  that the  lectin over-expression lines  had  less  nematode  eggs  compared  to  that  of the WT and  that  the  insertion  line  had  more nematode  eggs  than  the WT. This  data  provides  evidence  that   lectin  3. 1  improves. plant  resistance  against M. incognita infection.  interestingly,  the nematode gut  lining  contains  fucose with  which  Iectin  3.1 binds  to. Keywords: Arabidopsis  thaliana ,  lectin's structure and  function,  pathogen resistance


Tinnitus induced by closure of the external ear canal was studied in 10 ears of 5 normal subjects by having them seal the ear canal openings with their finger tips or by pouring water into the canals of the upper ear while their heads were tilted to one side. Pouring water into the ear canal caused tinnitus with features similar to 125 Hz band-pass noise with an intensity of 9.4±2.2 dBSL. Sealing of the ear canal opening with a finger tip caused similar tinnitus with an intensity of 17.2±4.5 dBSL. This tinnitus was believed to be due to various vital noises around the middle ear. These noises were presumed to be amplified by closure of the ear canal opening by the following mechanisms: (1) resonance in the external and middle ear cavities, (2) blocking of the leakage of vital noises in the ear canal which are emitted through the vibration of the cartilages of the ear canal, and (3) blockage of external noises which may mask the vital noises.


During the First Session of the 98th Congress, several days of hearings were held on the activities of "computer enthusiasts" including the Milwaukee 414s and others. The First Session also saw the introduction in the House of six bills dealing with various aspects of computer crime. A summary of those hearings, along with a summary of the pending computer crime bills, will be presented.


Fiber laser is leaping widely with a very stable and useful laser source for various application of industrial processing needs. Success of such diverse requirements for conventional and high precision industries will be affection toward a great decision for competitive power of global industries. And so, IPG Photonics Korea is going to herald about the newest technology information of fiber laser extending from micro machining to general technology of high precision processing in the various kinds of industries through KWJS's 2010 Fall Conference. Fiber laser will cover the extent of flash pumped Nd:YAG laser application with the ambidextrous way of pulse and CW owing to high efficiency and durability and of laser source and consisting innovative control system for more enhanced applications. IPG Photonics Korea will introduce the application devices and examples from ns to μs control and pulsed control fiber laser by QCW(quasi-continuous wave). Especially, as fiber laser has its own characteristic points such as 27% high than 3% flash lamp pumped Nd:YAG laser in case of wall plug efficiency, and zero consumable parts and no external chiller for running maintenance in case of YLS-600/6000-QCW-AC(600W pulse/CW laser machine), it will be an epoch of new safe circumstance conservation and economic competition in the global industrial market very soon or maybe already. IPG Photonics supplies the diverse fiber laser devices such as concurrent with from less than 10W low power to more than 10kW high power application, and also with multi-mode/single mode and pulsed/CW laser.


One of the most common complications of diabetes is diabetic neuropathy. The factor that is associated with the development of diabetic neuropathy is increased oxidative stress which in turn releases free radical and decreases antioxidant defense. This cross sectional study was carried out in the JSS Medical College, Mysore, Department of Biochemistry. Thirty patients with diabetic neuropathy and 30 unrelated age and sex matched healthy controls were included in the study. EDTA whole blood was used to estimate Glycated haemoglobin. Serum sample was used to estimate serum thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) and Vitamin C levels. Mean serum TBARS levels were significantly greater in diabetic neuropathy. There was a statistically significant negative correlation between serum TBARS and Vitamin C in cases (r=-0.176). Highly significant negative correlation was found between Vitamin C and HbA1c in cases (r=-0.168). In this study we found that there is an inverse relationship between TBARS and vitamin C in diabetic neuropathy and it may be a result of poor Glycemic control. Author Affiliations: 1 Department of Biochemistry, Adichunchanagiri Institute of Medical Sciences, BG Nagara, Karnataka, India -571448 2 Department of Anatomy, Adichunchanagiri Institute of Medical Sciences, BG Nagara, Karnataka,


The Pharmacy Freedom Fund and the National Community Pharmacists Association filed lawsuits against Medco Health Solutions and AdvancePCS, charging the PBMs with antitrust violations.


Sir .—We read with great interest the article that appeared in thefrom research to relevancesection of a recent issue of AJDC . 1 In this article, Drs Cho and Pruitt very nicely review the applications of calcium channel-blocking drugs in clinical practice, with emphasis on their use in the pediatric age group. We would like to point out, however, the erroneous explanation of the mechanism responsible for smooth-muscle contraction, particularly as it relates to the role of calcium and regulatory proteins. The authors stated that movement of extracellular calcium into the cell in response to an excitatory impulse stimulates the release of calcium from intracellular stores. This free cytoplasmic calcium binds to troponin, which removes its inhibitory effect on actin and myosin, thus allowing muscle contraction by the cyclic interaction of myosin with actin. Although this scheme of regulation generally holds true for both skeletal and cardiac muscles, it


The complex stability constants of four bipyridine ligands with Eu(Ⅲ)in acetonitrile were determined by absorption spectrophotometric titration. The four used bipyridine ligands are different with different para-substituents respectively:4,4'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridine(DMBPY),4,4'-dihexyl-2,2'-bipyridine(DHBPY),4,4'-dinonyl-2,2'-bipyridine( DNBPY),and 2,2'-bipyridine-4,4'-dimethylcarboxylate(DMABPY),In the experimental conditions,DMBPY,DHBPY and DNBPY form 1∶ 3 and 1∶ 2( M∶ L) complexes with Eu(Ⅲ),but only 1∶ 3 complex formed for DMABPY. The NBO analysis of the complexes and the calculation of Gibbs free energy of the complexation reaction were performed with DFT method. The calculations conformed the experiment results and suggested that the difference of basicity of nitrogen because of the electro-property of the para-substituents is the reason for the decrease trend of the stability constants of 1∶ 3 complexes:DHBPY DMBPY DMABPY.


The purpose of this study was to examine the interaction between children's observations of light and shadows and their developing theories in the context of a series of lessons in a third-grade classroom. Detailed analysis of videotapes of the children's discussions of their investigations into light and shadows led to the finding that the children's observations of light led to the development of a limited theory about light that was largely useful in explaining classroom investigations. However, this theory of light was less helpful in helping them understanding shadow phenomena and was too limited to explain out-of-classroom observations of light and shadows.


The invention discloses a machining method of a die core material of a wire-drawing die. The machining method comprises the following steps: (a) selecting and preparing materials; (b) carrying out ball milling treatment; and (c) carrying out drying treatment. The invention discloses the machining method of the die core material of the wire-drawing die; the processing method has reasonable procedure arrangement and a process is simple and convenient to implement; the prepared die core material has regular appearance and uniform granularity; and the die core material is suitable for being prepared into a die core of the ceramic wire-drawing die, which has the prominent toughness.


The Rhodope Metamorphic Province (RMP) is one of the major tectonic units in northern Greece. It consists of different tectonometamorphic complexes involved in the Alpine collisional history between the Eurasian and African plates. In eastern Rhodope a Jurassic UHP metamorphism is documented in the uppermost Kimi Complex by the presence of microdiamond inclusions in garnets from pelitic gneisses (Mposkos and Kostopoulos 2001). Partially or completely amphibolitized eclogites are common recording P-T conditions >1.8 GPa and 750C for the eclogitic stage and 1.5 GPa and 820C for an early stage of exhumation (Bauer et al. 2007).


Objective: To evaluate the surgical experience of emergency coronary artery bypass (CABG). Methods: 7 patients with significant left main coronary artery stenosis underwent emergency CABG were reviewed. Results: No patient died in perioperative period. The complications was infection of wound (2 cases). During a period of 4~42 months followup, no patients died and there were no angina and reinfarction in all patients. Conclusions: Emergency CABG is effective for uncontrollable acute myocardial ischemia. Active altitude toward CABG should be taken for significant left main coronary artery stenosis.


Zakat, Infaq, Sadaqah (ZIS) has great potential in the economy and development of the ummah. Optimal management of ZIS funds can provide positive contributions both in economic development and in the construction of places of worship, especially for Muslims. BAZNAS as an institution that manages zakat, infaq and shodaqah funds has a very strong role and function to be able to utilize zakat, infaq, shodaqah funds in empowering the ummat / economy and building places of worship. Analysis of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, threats is important so that BAZNAS can continue to exist in carrying out its function in serving the community and of course it can run in accordance with the applicable laws in Islam. In order to function optimally in terms of collection and distribution as well as efficiency in the use of ZIS funds are things that must be fully considered. The distribution of ZIS must also be optimized, namely the construction / renovation of places of worship both in rural areas / around cities so that people do not demand alms / infaq / zakat in the middle of the road for the construction of places of worship. Optimization of ZIS management, from consumptive to productive and more efficient.


A speckle decorrelation technique was extended to high‐frequency imaging to calculate the elevational (out of plane) separation of B‐scan images. Pure speckle images were obtained with a 13‐MHz, 1.5‐D array in an elevational sweep over a phantom in 25‐μm steps. For each pixel the plane‐to‐plane autocorrelation function was computed for a number of frames and fit to a Gaussian to find the depth‐dependent scaling factor between the rate of speckle decorrelation and the actual frame spacing. From this the frame separation in sets of images containing speckle and structure was determined. To avoid using specular signals the mean intensity over standard deviation was employed to automatically detect areas of speckle. Based on the speckle decorrelation in these regions and using a 200*300 pixel subimage the frame spacing (100 μm) was calculated with 2% accuracy. The error increased with decreasing number of pixels and increasing separation of the frames. The technique can now be combined with high frame rate te...


Radiation‐induced enteritis is one of the greatest challenges in radiotherapy. The current study was designed to evaluate the ameliorative effect of resveratrol, which exhibits anti‐inflammatory property, against radiation‐induced intestinal injury in rats and to explore the underlying mechanism. Rats were exposed to a single dose of 5 Gy. Resveratrol (20 mg/kg/day) was orally administered to irradiated rats over 3 weeks. Results showed that resveratrol ameliorated the intestinal oxidative stress parameters; malondialdehyde (MDA) content, glutathione (GSH) level, and catalase (CAT) activity compared to irradiated group. Furthermore, resveratrol reduced the contents of inflammatory cytokines; tumor necrosis factor α (TNF‐α), nuclear factor‐kappa (NF‐κB), and interleukin 1β (IL‐1β) in intestine. Western blotting analysis revealed that resveratrol down‐regulated the proteins expression of phosphoinositide 3‐kinases (PI3K), protein kinase B (Akt) as well as the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) in intestinal tissues of irradiated rats and thus reduced the inflammatory mediator production. These results were confirmed by histopathological investigation. In conclusion, resveratrol attenuated intestinal inflammation following irradiation via modulating PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway and thereby could be a promising adjuvant in radiotherapy.


The reaction of Ru5(CO)15(μ5-C), 1, with triethylsilane in the presence of UV−vis irradiation has yielded two new cluster complexes:  Ru5(CO)14(SiEt3)(μ5-C)(μ-H), 2, in 11% yield and Ru5(CO)15(SiEt3)(μ5-C)(μ-H), 3, in 4% yield. Compound 2 can be converted to 3 in 89% yield under an atmosphere of CO at 25 °C. Compound 3 is converted back to 2 when heated to 97 °C. Compounds 2 and 3 were both characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses. Compound 2 contains a square pyramidal cluster of five ruthenium atoms with a μ5-carbido ligand. The SiEt3 ligand is coordinated to one of the basal ruthenium atoms. The Ru−Ru bond from this ruthenium atom to the apical ruthenium atom is unusually long at 3.1353(8) A. Compound 3 contains an open Ru5(μ5-C) cluster where one ruthenium atom bridges a butterfly arrangement of four ruthenium atoms. The silyl group is bonded to the bridging ruthenium atom, and the hydride ligand bridges the hinge bond of the butterfly.


The 19F chemical shift of dioxygen difluoride (O2F2) was measured and its dependence on the concentration of the O2F radical present in the experiments was shown to be negligible. Photolysis of liquid OF2–O2 mixtures produces deep red solutions which show electron-spin resonance signals of very great intensity due to O2F; possible mechanisms for the formation of the free radical are briefly discussed.


(Extended) Abstract The Problems and Challenges Technology advances are providing our warfighters ever growing amount of information from multiple resources. As our military transforms from platform-centric warfare to Network-Centric Warfare (NCW), key to the success is the effectiveness of sharing the right information with right people at the right time and place. However, as told by practitioners, sometimes poorly chosen technological solutions for information services are more detrimental than the lack of information. Improperly organized flow of large amount of information could overload warfighters, divert their attention from quick response to critical situations, and deteriorate the quality and timeliness of decisions. This paper presents a conceptual design of a solution to the problem of optimally presenting the extensive variety of battlespace information to warfighters engaged in different aspects of the theater operation. More specifically, we address the problem of providing Tailored Information Delivery and Service (TIDAS) to the operation units or members of a command and control (C2) center with respect to their mission perspectives and individual operational responsibilities. The term " tailored " here means a targeted and expeditionary dissemination of selective information, in a way we call " What You Get Is What You Need (WYGIWYN). " That is, tailored information is adapted to the needs and characteristics of the individuals and the tasks they are carrying out, and hence has more personal relevance. Such information is more mission focused, contains less redundant information, and causes less confusion for the battlespace situation awareness and assessment. Recipients of the tailored information need to spend less time to scrutinize the information, to filter the information from " chaffs, " and to draw conclusions more effectively from the large amount of information pieces.


Since their conception in 2014, a large number of Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) [2] has been pro- posed and developed. GANs have achieved great results in realistic image generation, among other fields. Recently, stunning images have been produced. The theory and application of GANs has received much attention. However, the evaluation of these models has not been studied nearly as extensively. GANs are often evaluated by visual inspection. This is a time consuming process, that inherently suffers from being subjective. There has been research into quantitative metrics, which can be automated. There has even been some research into the relative merits of such metrics. [1][9][4]. However, the question which metric is the most suitable for evaluating GANs in the field of realistic image generation remains open. It is important that consensus is reached. If there is no agreed upon method of objectively measuring progress, it is hard to say which techniques are effective. This impedes the entire field of study. This paper hopes to contribute to answering this question by applying a variety of proposed metrics to a variety of different GANs. This way, it is possible to tell which metrics agree with each other, and which rate GANs differently. If all, or many, of the likely metrics proposed in earlier work agree with each other, this is a good sign that they are rating GANs objectively. The results of this experiment are combined with a very brief survey of earlier work, in order to recommend some quantitative metrics for rating GANs.


Abstract : This report contains a literature survey on Solid State Batteries up to December 1983. The main emphasis is on solid state electrolytes. A prospective discussion is carried on Interfacial properties, Thin Films and Size Effects.


Background: To compare the rate of malignancy in adnexal masses with benign appearance on ultrasound and low Risk of Malignancy Index (RMI) based on their rate of growth. Methods: All patients in our obstetrics and gynecology practice undergoing surgery between 2015 and 2020 for adnexal masses with only benign appearance on ultrasound were analyzed. Ultrasound findings of the adnexa up to 3 years prior to surgery, cancer antigen 125 (CA-125) levels and RMI were evaluated. Results: Patients ranged in age from 22 to 84. All adnexal masses appeared benign on ultrasound using International Ovarian Tumor Analysis (IOTA) Simple Rules. CA-125 levels ranged from 4 to 127 U/mL. The RMI ranged from 7 to 127 (200 is indicative of malignancy). Ultrasound findings up to three years prior to surgery were available for 43 patients. In 39 patients, the adnexal mass grew slowly, and the histopathology was benign. In 4 patients, the adnexal mass grew rapidly (increased in size by more than 50% or first appeared in 6– 12 months prior to surgery), and all were found to have borderline or early stage ovarian/tubal carcinomas. The rate of malignancy was 9.3%. Conclusions: Despite benign appearance on ultrasound and low RMI, adnexal masses with a rapid rate of growth were associated with a risk of malignancy of 9.3%.


The large differences of array gain in isotropic and anisotropic noise fields impacts sonar system design. For this reason, computer models for the calculation of array gain in various noise fields are needed. Initially, models with realistic propagation and anisotropic noise effects were prohibitively expensive for large‐array analysis. Modifications to utilize in lattice arrays have reduced cost by a large factor. This paper describes various methods for cost‐effective computation related to the evaluation of arrays with hundreds of hydrophones and beamformer look‐directions. Improvements are given even for irregular array‐element locations. Typical results are presented by comparing the performances of vertical and horizontal planar arrays. [Work supported by Navy Internal Research program.]


In the twenty-first century, the call for International Non-governmental Organizations (INGOs) to demonstrate their effectiveness has become popularized. This has given rise to scholarly attention examining the roles of program evaluation and impact assessment in assisting INGOs in demonstrating their effectiveness. While previous studies suggest that INGOs actively conduct program evaluation and impact assessment, this article explores the perspectives of two Canadian INGOs on how they understand, use, and experience evaluation and assessment as it relates to their work. Our study uncovers three continuing challenges: evaluation and assessment are largely descriptive and lack more sophisticated analyses; efforts to conduct evaluation and assessment are consolidated within organizations' head offices, while staff members and volunteers are largely excluded; and evaluation and assessment remain rooted in the paradigm of quantifiable results, which do not truly reflect the nature of work being conducted on the ground. Au vingt-et-unieme siecle, on veut de plus en plus que les organisations non gouvernementales internationales (ONGI) demontrent leur efficacite. Ce desir a motive les chercheurs a se pencher sur les evaluations de programme et les etudes d'impact pour voir dans quelle mesure celles-ci peuvent aider les ONGI a montrer qu'elles sont efficaces. Des etudes anterieures suggerent que les ONGI menent de maniere concertee des evaluations de programme et des etudes d'impact. Cet article explore comment aujourd'hui deux ONGI canadiens comprennent, utilisent et vivent l'evaluation et la mesure de leur travail. Notre etude releve trois defis actuels : l'evaluation et la mesure tendent a etre descriptives sans offrir d'analyses plus poussees; ce sont les sieges sociaux des organismes qui gerent l'evaluation et la mesure en excluant ainsi bon nombre de fonctionnaires et volontaires; l'evaluation et la mesure se limitent au paradigme des resultats mesurables et par consequent elles ne refletent pas necessairement le veritable travail mene sur le terrain.


In this paper, we study the problem of feature selection in distributed stochastic multi-arm bandits, in which M agents work collaboratively to choose optimal actions under the coordination of a central server in order to minimize the total regret. We consider a learning situation where there is a set of feature maps, each map is best suited for a certain state of the system, and the best feature map is unknown to the agent at the time of learning. In our model, an adversary chooses a distribution on the set of possible feature maps and the agents observe only the distribution and the true feature map is unknown to the agents. Our goal is to develop a distributed algorithm that selects a sequence of optimal actions to maximize the cumulative reward. By performing a feature vector transformation we propose an elimination algorithm and prove that our algorithm achieves regret and communications bounds of $O\left( {d\sqrt {MT} \log T} \right)$ and O((Md+d log logd)logT), respectively, for linearly parametrized reward functions, where T is the horizon and d is the size of the feature vector. We validated the performance of our approach through numerical simulations.


RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVESThe author identified clinical parameters and developed thresholding strategies that facilitate semiautomated three-dimensional craniofacial imaging and modeling. METHODSA polyvinylchloride phantom was imaged on a computed tomography (CT) scanner using multiple scan planes, surrounding media, and two-dimensional reconstruction filters. Three-dimensional reconstructions were performed by an experienced operator on a commercial workstation. A simple mathematical thresholding algorithm derived from these trials was applied to 17 embryologic craniofacial specimens and compared with operator-selected thresholds in the generation of three-dimensional CT images. RESULTSUtilization of the parameter α provides an experimental framework in which operator-selected thresholds can be used to refine simple mathematical thresholding formulae. We demonstrated significant changes in three-dimensional image accuracy based on CT scan plane. CONCLUSIONSExperimentation with a CT phantom enables semiautomated three-dimensional craniofacial imaging and modeling. Further investigation of two-dimensional CT craniofacial datasets is justified.


Abstract Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of a pilot study of a parental school-based intervention to promote healthy eating behaviours in young children. Design A quasi-experimental longitudinal design with three conditions (complete intervention (CIG), minimal intervention (MIG), control (CG)), with repeated measures at baseline, immediately after the intervention, 6 months and 1 year after intervention. Setting Fourteen public and state-funded kindergartens near Lisbon, Portugal. Subjects Parents (n 349) of 3- to 6-year-old children assigned to the three conditions completed the baseline protocol. The 'Red Apple' intervention included four parental group sessions about young children's growth, nutritional guidelines and positive parental feeding strategies, which was combined with adult–child activities at home and in the classroom, and newsletters (CIG). MIG included only a single nutritional counselling session, whereas the CG had no intervention. At the end, thirty-eight, twenty-six and fifty-four parents in the CIG, MIG and CG, respectively, had completed all evaluation components. Data regarding parental perception of children's weight, self-efficacy, nutritional knowledge, feeding strategies, eating behaviours and BMI were collected at the four assessment moments. Results The CIG showed improvements in children's healthy food intake, compared with the MIG and CG. Parental self-efficacy regarding the regulation of children's eating behaviours decreased in the CG but not in both intervention groups. Conclusions Considering the low dosage of the intervention, the results obtained were positive. Future studies should offer additional solutions to overcome barriers to parents' participation.


Background Obesity is one of the most important public health conditions in the world, and surgical intervention is the only medical treatment recognized by the medical community as a complete and permanent cure for morbid obesity and its complications. The choice of surgical modality is also based more on the experience of the physician or the requirements of people with obesity, rather than on scientific data. In this issue, a thorough comparison of the nutritional deficiencies caused by the three most commonly used surgical modalities is needed. Objectives We aimed to use the network meta-analysis to compare the nutritional deficiencies caused by the three most common BS procedures in many subjects who underwent BS to help physicians determine the best BS surgical approach to apply to their clinical people with obesity. Setting A systematic review and network meta-analysis of world literature. Methods We followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses, systematically reviewed the literature, and conducted a network meta-analysis using R Studio. Results For the four vitamins calcium, vitamin B12, iron and vitamin D, the micronutrient deficiency caused by RYGB is the most serious. Conclusions RYGB causes slightly higher nutritional deficiencies in Bariatric surgery, but RYGB remains the most commonly used modality for Bariatric surgery. Systematic Review Registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42022351956, identifier: CRD42022351956.


We intend to create an intelligent agent that is able to detect the objects and relations in its environment, and based on the received information is able to build up an internal knowledge base on the basis of which linguistic expressions can be formulated. The present investigations focus on modeling the agent's ability to assign semantic representations to its observations. For this purpose we have developed a graphical conceptual modeling language. In this article we examine the model's expressive power, that is to what extent it is able to model natural language semantics. The analysis is performed in comparison with predicate logic. In our view, first-order logic does not provide sufficient means for the translation of natural language expressions and we will argue that also higher-order logic needs some extensions.


In this paper we obtain quantitative {\it Bernstein-von Mises type} bounds on the normal approximation of the posterior distribution in exponential family models when centering either around the posterior mode or around the maximum likelihood estimator. Our bounds, obtained through a version of Stein's method, are non-asymptotic, and data dependent; they are of the correct order both in the total variation and Wasserstein distances, as well as for approximations for expectations of smooth functions of the posterior. All our results are valid for univariate and multivariate posteriors alike, and do not require a conjugate prior setting. We illustrate our findings on a variety of exponential family distributions, including Poisson, multinomial and normal distribution with unknown mean and variance. The resulting bounds have an explicit dependence on the prior distribution and on sufficient statistics of the data from the sample, and thus provide insight into how these factors may affect the quality of the normal approximation.


"Journal of the Academy" isan international,peerreviewedmonthly journal. It is dedicated tothe publication of original scientific articles invarious academic disciplines.Articles that may be of interest to a wide rangeof researchers, welcome, and are not limited tothose who work on specific research subjects."Journal of the Academy" has an open file,according to which the published articles areavailable immediately after its publication, withthe exception of the embargo.ExpertiseThe magazine has a blind review process. Allarticles will initially be evaluated by the editor tomatch the magazine. The manuscripts that areconsidered suitable, are usually sent at leasttwo independent experts to evaluate thescientific quality of the article. The editor isresponsible for the final decision on whether toaccept or reject the article. Editor's decision isfinal.


Collaboration between universities and industry is currently seen as a vehicle to improve innovation throughout the economy by means of knowledge and technology transfer. This paper examines the contributions of university staff to the promotion of knowledge exchange between universities and industry in Sri Lanka. In this quantitative explanatory study the authors apply a deductive research method and develop a conceptual framework that incorporates demographic and institutional factors as moderators. Academics of state universities constituted the survey population and 178 responses were received. SPSS and AMOS statistical packages assisted in the data analysis and a structural equation model was employed to explore the moderating effects. The findings revealed that the engagement of academic staff in joint research, contract research, human resource mobility and training was very low, and that the participation of males was greater than that of females. The impact of age on knowledge exchange was not linear in Sri Lanka. Further, the study ascertained that only joint research and training were important in knowledge exchange and that the university–industry relationship was significantly moderated by institutional factors. Other than the quality of academic work, other individual factors did not significantly moderate the relationship. The authors provide policy recommendations based on the findings.


Small semiconductor lasers have attracted a wide interest in academia owing to their potential as highly integrated components in photonic circuits. Particularly, microdisk lasers exploiting whispering gallery modes have been regarded as a good candidate because of ultrasmall modal volume and low threshold property. To exploit large index difference between gain and surrounding medium, microdisk resonators with an underlying post using undercut etching have been proposed and widely investigated in many previous studies. However, it has been challenging in microdisk laser to operate single mode due to the large number of exsiting whispering gallery modes. Here, we propose and demonstrate a novel subwavelength scale microdisk laser. InGaAsP multi-quantum wells microdisk is self-suspended in air by connecting bridges. The behavior of TE-like whispering gallery modes, which belong to most dominant class of mode in thin disk configuration, is both numerically and experimentally investigated. We highlight that bridge does not only provide mechanical stability, but the number of bridges can be an important factor to improve or suppress wave confinement of whispering gallery modes by protecting or breaking spatial symmetry of mode. Moreover, a suitable choice of bridges increases quality factor by up to 79% comparing to the microdisk resonator without bridges. Using this scheme, we numerically and experimentally investigate mode selectivity and further demonstrate single mode microdisk lasers operating at near-infrared telecommunication wavelength.


One element of the proposed European Green Deal is a border carbon adjustment mechanism. The introduction of a BCA would allow the EU to phase out current carbon leakage provisions of the ETS and to auction off all emission allowances, thus rendering the ETS a more effective unilateral tool to price and reduce carbon emissions. In theory a BCA would be a perfect instrument to ensure a level playing field for domestic and foreign producers, thus avoiding potential carbon leakage. Until now, however, the legal and administrative issues of implementation have been deemed too huge to overcome. We derive a WTO-compatible (full) border tax adjustment (BTA) design that could be implemented in the near future, and we estimate potential EU BCA and BTA revenues using a dynamic new Keynesian (DYNK) model. The BTA design of our choice would generate substantial and stable revenues that could be used as innovative sustainability-oriented own resource to finance the EU budget. We find that estimated revenues would suffice to finance between 5 and 7 percent of the EU's expenditure in the coming Multiannual Financial Framework period 2021-2027 and up to 16 percent in the year 2050. This new revenue source would allow member states to reduce their current contributions to the EU budget accordingly and would thus create space to cut other more distortionary taxes at the national level, enabling an EU-wide supranational sustainability-enhancing tax shift. Thus, a BTA could contribute to tackle both environmental and fiscal challenges currently facing the EU.


According to the teaching practice of " the finite element method and software application" course,it puts forward the course examination system.It designs the online examination system based on data mining and intelligent test paper composition.The actual application shows that this system can effectively reduce the labor intensities of teachers and enhance work efficiency,and increase the reliability of the examination.


To produce deep, entertaining mobile content, a large number of images must be included. But because of the limits on runtime memory for mobile phones, images cannot be used as easily in a mobile environment as they are in a computer. Therefore in this paper, I propose several different methods for efficiently using images in a mobile environment. The various methods I propose for using images are: Creating images using compression/decompression and rotation/symmetry Creating images of several different colors by changing the palette index of a bitmap Creating images through image combination Creating background images by using tile maps Creating new images through effects.


Foods are becoming more customised and consumers want food that tastes great, looks great and is healthy. On-demand food printing, a method of distributing food in a personalised manner, is one way to satisfy this demand. The overarching goal of this research is to print coloured images with food. There are many different strategies that can be employed in order to build an object up layer by layer. To aid in the selection of the building strategy, two algorithms have been used to estimate the distribution of colour in various sample images. The findings of this research can be utilised to estimate the distance required to move the printing head of the food printer between similarly coloured pixels in the image to be printed.


Positive activity of student cadres of TV refresher education has decisive effect on student's learning.To select powerful student cadres is teachers' key duty,traditional appointment method or election method has many drawbacks,in this paper,based on competence theory,we discuss the indices of excellent student cadres,combined with ideal solution method's quantity calculation,a practical selection model for student cadres of TV refresher education is given out.


In this paper, we develop a speech interface that has acoustic echo cancelling and barge-in functionalities in the car environment. In the echo canceller, DT (Double-Talk) detection algorithm using the correlation coefficients between reference and desired signals can make DT detection errors often in the background noise. We reduce the DT detection errors by using the average power of noise and echo estimated from the input signal. In addition, to make it possible for drivers to give speech command to the system by interrupting the speaker output, barge-in functionality is implemented with the combination of DT detection and appropriate gain control of the speaker output. Through the computer simulation with the assumed car environment and experiment in the real laboratory environment, implemented speech interface has shown good performance in removing acoustic echo signals in the noisy environment with proper operation of barge-in functionality.


128 © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd | Biofuels, Bioprod. Bioref. 9:128 (2015); DOI: 10.1002/bbb added this catalyst to various mixtures of methanol and soybean oil, fi nding that it could convert an impressive 95% of the oil into biodiesel over the course of eight hours. Furthermore, they were able to extract and reuse their catalyst four times with only minor loss of activity.


The statistical properties of seizure EEG are found to be different from that of the normal EEG. This paper proposes the use of wavelet transform to select the frequency bands of interest and subsequently compute features based on energy and logarithmic weighting of the signal for the classification of EEG into normal and seizure classes. Five data sets of EEG (denoted A-E) were available for study. For this five-class problem, the EEG signal is decomposed up to the second level using Daubechies wavelet. Subsequently, features are calculated on each of these two bands per frame of EEG. The proposed method achieves a classification accuracy of 100% with low computational complexity.


. Scoliosis, being one of the most widespread spinal diseases among children, has been studied extensively throughout the history of medicine, yet there is no clear understanding of its initiating factors and the mechanogenesis of the monomorphic three-dimensional deformation due to its polyetiological nature. We present a novel mathematical model of the process of emergence of the three-dimensional deformation of the human spine based on variational principles. Typical scoliosis geometry is assumed to be described as minimal curves of a particular energy functional, which are shown to closely resemble actual scoliosis. We investigate the numerical properties of the first stage of scoliosis, which is shown to have the highest influence on the development of the disease.


Introduction: Red blood cell exchange (RBCX) is an acceptable alternative to simple transfusion for patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) as a means of secondary stroke prevention. Unfortunately, RBCX is more expensive and requires increased exposure to red blood cell (RBC) units. Isovolemic hemodilution red blood cell exchange (IHD-RBCX) is a recently described, modified RBCX procedure that reduces the number of RBC units required. In November 2015, we implemented IHD-RBCX for selected patients. The aim of this study was to determine how implementation of the modified procedure affected the cost, RBC unit exposure, and the number of adverse reactions at our facility. Methods: A retrospective study was performed identifying patients receiving IHD-RBCX from November 2015 to April 2016. Collected variables included pre-exchange hematocrit (Hct) and hemoglobin S (HbS), goal Hct and HbS, RBC units used during IHD-RBCX, and volume of albumin used. These values were used to calculate number of RBC units estimated for conventional RBCX and, thus, the cost savings from IHD-RBCX. Results: During the 5-month period, 8 patients received a total of 27 IHD-RBCXs (median: 3, range: 1-8 procedures). In total, 57 RBCs units were saved (median: 2, range 1-4/procedure) and 12.25 L albumin was used instead (median: 500mL, range: 250-500mL/procedure). Factoring in cost savings for RBC units, including special requirements such as partial phenotypically matched units for each patient, as well as added cost for albumin, approximately $17,849 was saved ($661/procedure, $3570/month). Two adverse events were noted (port malfunction and seizure) though both were chronic issues unrelated to IHD-RBCX. Conclusions: The findings at our institution indicate that IHD-RBCX is a safe and potentially cost-saving therapy for secondary prevention of stroke in stable SCD outpatients. Longer term study is needed to determine the effect of procedures in other SCD parameters, such as iron status. AJCP / MEETING ABSTRACTS


crushed stone and 5% of asphalt. Where it is tamped properly it becomes very firm and durable. We have one crew consist ing of truck and three men employed on this work about five months out of the year. On the larger asphalt cuts we employ an asphalt foreman with truck, four men, and an Andressen asphalt road repair machine, which makes a com plete crew. Where the cuts are large we invariably use our steam roller after the raking has been done. The question of maintenance of city streets is going to tax the ingenuity of officials for some time to come. Much of the cost in this state has now been relieved by the gasoline tax a part of which is distributed to cities throughout the state for street repair work and maintenance of bridges. South Bend's share of this fund collected last year amounted to $21,000. This year it should be approximately $30,000. This fund has been of great help, and I feel that by the end of next summer our streets will be in much better condition than they ever have been since the automobile has come into general use. We employ during the summer months, on street repair work, four different crews and have been endeavoring to adopt only modern methods. The order for making service cut repairs comes from the city engineer's office. After repairs are made this order is returned with a notation as to the size of the cut and the charge is then made against the person or persons who had the cut made. Our council last year passed an ordinance prohibiting service cuts being made during the winter months.


Presently it is the development tendency that the world economy and trade incline towards service industry and service trade. Highly development service industry is the important symbol of the social modernization of one country. With the ending of WTO's after transition period, what course to follow about Chinese service industry? This article, based on the current development level of China's service trade firstly, systematically analyzes the international competitive power of Chinese service trade by three guidelines, and then makes some useful suggestions and measures improve our country's service trade level.


In this thesis, the research achievements and examples of the coal gangue, used as roadbed filling and granular material of road base, are reviewed. It is indicated that although some of coal gangue is lack of some granularity and water stability, it can be used as roadbed filling once it is mixed with some of fine grain, compacted enough and wrapped in cohesive soil. The chemical activity of the component of un?weathered coal gangue is similar to fly ash, and if mixing with fly ash and lime it can be used as the road base material of expressways.


In Sri Lanka many medical officers function as expert medical witnesses in court. Some function as forensic pathologists with postgraduate training in Forensic Medicine, some perform medico legal work as part of their day to day duties with purely undergraduate knowledge in Forensic Medicine and others perform medico legal duties as incidental services during the course of a routine clinical practice. No studies have been conducted in Sri Lanka to identify the competencies necessary to function as expert medical witnesses in court. Different categories of people were identified in order to assist in this task. The judiciary was considered one such important category as they are directly involved in using the evidence of doctors in the administration of justice. Objective: To identify competencies required by expert medical witnesses in court, as perceived by the judiciary, in the Sri Lankan context. Method: Fourteen semi-structured in-depth interviews were carried out on lawyers and judges on their perceptions of the competencies required by expert medical witnesses in court. Results: Data analysis revealed the following as important competencies in providing expert medical evidence to court, recording information accurately and completely in an appropriate and legible manner, demonstrating scientific approach, utilizing principles of critical thinking, reasoning and evaluation, working efficiently within the existing legal system and medico-legal framework, maintaining integrity and providing evidence in court in a convincing manner. Conclusion: These findings would assist the development of future Forensic Medicine programs in Sri Lanka, in order to produce competent expert medical witnesses to court.


The microstructure of weld metal of the type 25%Cr-10%Ni-4%Mo-0.28%N in both as-welded and sothemally heat treated (temperature range: 700-1050°C: time range: (10s-72h) conditions has been investigated. Multipass welding was performed in Art2%N 2 atmospnere using GTAW. By means of the electron diffraction technique, σ-phase and X-phase were detected and investigated. X-phase precipitated more readily than σ-phase and was found to be a precursor to σ-phase by providing suitable nucleation sites. Quantitative image analysis of ferrite and intermetallic phases was performed as well as manual point couating (ISO 9042). Automatic image analysis was found to be more accurate The results were used to assess the ITT-diagram with respect to intermetallic phase formation. On the basis of these results a CCT-diagram was computed, considering the intermetallic shase formation deseribed by an Avrami type equation and adopting the additivity rule.


Effluents were obtained from 2 patients with transverse colostomies and 7 patients with colectomies. Six of the latter 7 patients had ileostomies and 1 patient had an ileoproctostomy. The underlying disease for which ileostomy had been performed was ulcerative colitis in 5 cases and regional enteritis in the other. Ileostomies had been performed 5 weeks to 5 years prior to the time specimens were obtained. The fecal flora from another patient, who had undergone jejunocolostomy for the treatment of obesity and had a je-


SRAM memories are very important building blocks of most of the digital applications like microprocessors and different levels of cache memories [8], of which Address decoders are the significant components. They play a crucial part in decoding the addresses. These decoders will decide the capacity of memory cells as well as efficiency of read operations. Hence the performance of SRAM memory also depend upon these address decoders. This paper studies the already existing type of decoders for SRAM memory. Traditional address decoders consume almost 50% of the total power and time of memory chip. An efficient and modified address decoding topology is implemented which counts the least number of transistors in order to reduce the range of SRAM using only one 2–4 decoder, 3–8 decoder and row decoders in CMOS 180nm technology using cadence virtuoso tool, and is compared with different types of decoders.


SUMMARY Histocompatibility antigens have been detected on melanoblasts and hair follicle cells by means of test grafting of skin from allophenic mice containing two homozygous subpopulations of cells with different alleles at the H-2 locus. Melanoblasts bore a visible color marker (e.g., B/B ↩ b/b) and hair follicle cells were marked at the agouti locus (A/A ↩ a/a). In skin grafts to parental isogenic strains, there was selective survival of those melanoblasts and hair follicle cells whose visible phenotypes were from the same H-2 strain as was the host, while cells of the foreign H-2 strain were destroyed. Genotype-specific homograft rejection by the hosts was highly localized to the homologous cells, even when the genotypic cell strains were admixed within a single hair bulb. Donor grafts had some individual hairs with both black and brown pigment granules attributable to B/B and b/b cells, respectively, or intermediate degrees of agouti banding attributable to presence of both A/A and a/a cells; only one pure strain contributed to such follicles after rejection of incompatible cells. The morphogenesis of mosaic hairs was strikingly modified when one of the two clonal components was eliminated. Hair follicle H-2 antigens in the in situ skin also sometimes differed from H-2 antigens of the contained melanoblasts, e.g., when C57BL/6 pigment cells entered a BALB/c hair and there produced pheomelanin. "Allogeneic inhibition" did not occur in any of these animals despite the presence of diverse H-2 antigenic cell types.


The invention relates to a compressor device (1) which can be coupled to an excavator, comprising an upper part (2) for coupling to a dipper arm (17) and a lower part (3) with an imbalance generator (5), between which (one or more damping devices 4 are disposed), wherein (in the top part 2) is provided for vibration decoupling at least one buffer device (15). This transferred to the excavator vibrations are reduced.


The practice education is important to higher vocational education. It's a main measure to culturing applied and skilled persons.During the construction of higher popular education,it's a problem on how to absorbing the Germanic experience of practice education of "two basic makes".We must stick to enhancing educational quality and realize our goal of "constructing model college,the first higher vocational college and characteristic brand".


In this work we experimentally investigate the influence of parametric amplification and parametric suppression on the frequency stability of micromechanical resonators. We isolate the influence of phase slope tuning from changes in the vibrational amplitude and find that parametric suppression improves the frequency stability in the thermal noise regime by over threefold, while parametric amplification degrades the frequency stability by nearly a factor of two.


Through supervision, the student develops those innate personal characteristics which are highly important in being therapeutic. In making conscious use of "reality identification" by the student with his teacher, we must take care to avoid certain pitfalls. What is not wanted is transference identification. To help avoid this, we must select appropriate teachers as supervisors. The student should also have more than one supervisor, as this tends to protect against the development of over-idealization on the part of the student, and of omnipotence on the part of the teacher. Personal characteristics of both students and supervisors are extremely important. A good supervisory experience is the most likely vehicle for developing those qualities in the student which will, in time, lead him to function most therapeutically.


The study was retrospective-descriptive and consisted of the analysis of the spectrum of infections produced by Klebsiella spp. strains in patients hospitalized in a multidisciplinary hospital as well as the antibiotic resistance pattern of these germs. Klebsiella spp. were identified more frequently in patients hospitalized in ICU (2021: 28,74%; 2022: 40,43%), Internal Diseases (2021: 24,8%; 2022: 15,55%) and General Surgery (2021: 7,87%; 2022: 7,82%) wards being isolated in higher percentages from urine (2021: 44,62%; 2022: 47,21%), respiratory secretions (2021: 25,85%; 2022: 22,71%) and wound secretions (2021: 15,62%%; 2022: 13,28%). Klebsiella species showed higher resistance to cephalosporins and levofloxacin. Most strains of Klebsiella were sensitive to colistin and carbapenems.


AbstractAccurate calibration of radar reflectivity is integral to quantitative radar measurements of precipitation and a myriad of other radar-based applications. A statistical method was developed that utilizes the probability distribution of clutter area reflectivity near a stationary, ground-based radar to provide near-real-time estimates of the relative calibration of reflectivity data. The relative calibration adjustment (RCA) method provides a valuable, automated near-real-time tool for maintaining consistently calibrated radar data with relative calibration uncertainty of ±0.5 dB or better. The original application was to S-band data in a tropical oceanic location, where the stability of the method was thought to be related to the relatively mild ground clutter and limited anomalous propagation (AP). This study demonstrates, however, that the RCA technique is transferable to other S-band radars at locations with more intense ground clutter and AP. This is done using data from NASA's polarimetric (N...


The construction of school enterprise cooperation curriculum is an important part of the application-oriented undergraduate teaching reform. This project from the production, teaching and research project curriculum objectives, concepts, curriculum ideas, teaching methods, teaching content, evaluation feedback and other aspects, taking fashion design major as an example, this paper studies the implementation path of school enterprise cooperation project-based curriculum. 1. The Trend of Applied Curriculum Reform The 13th five year plan for the development of national education in 2018 will promote the transformation of qualified ordinary undergraduate universities into application-oriented ones. As an important measure to adjust the structure of higher education, it is proposed to guide colleges and universities to carry out all-round and systematic reform from the aspects of governance structure, professional system, curriculum content, teaching methods and teacher structure. The construction of application-oriented undergraduate course should pay attention to the connection of production and education, the cooperation of production and education, and the guidance of production and education. The traditional theoretical and practical courses in Colleges and universities, according to the knowledge characteristics of the courses and the needs of the industry and enterprises, carry out the construction of application-oriented curriculum modules, enhance the students' practical ability and problem-solving ability, and cultivate new applied, technical and skilled talents. 2. Teaching of Cooperative Courses in the Fields of Clothing Design. 2.1. Professional Features of Clothing Design. Fashion design major (creative direction) is mainly for enterprises and institutions related to fashion creativity and design development. It mainly produces and serves the first-line clothing needs, and cultivates high-quality application-oriented innovative talents who can engage in brand planning, fashion modeling design, fashion sample design and production, fabric development and management. 2.2. CDIO Project Teaching Method. Fashion design major requires higher practical ability of students. Learning by doing is the main teaching method of CDIO project. The project-based teaching mode takes practice teaching as the main form, integrates the knowledge and skills required by professional posts, and integrates students' learning into the process of project completion. Let the students independently carry out learning thinking and practical exploration, establish the teaching implementation and teaching evaluation mode of "teaching, learning, doing and evaluation", and cultivate and improve students' comprehensive ability of professional knowledge. 3. Industry University Cooperation Project Course of Fashion Design Specialty 2020 2nd Asia-Pacific Conference on Advance in Education, Learning and Teaching (ACAELT 2020) Copyright © (2020) Francis Academic Press, UK DOI: 10.25236/acaelt.2020.102 479 3.1. The Characteristics of the Course Son of the Production-School Cooperation Project. The industry university cooperation course of fashion design specialty usually aims at the needs of enterprises, based on the teaching rules of clothing specialty, combined with the course content, organizes students to complete cooperative projects through course learning and practice. The industry university cooperation projects of fashion design major are divided into two types: research projects and design projects. Mainly according to the needs of enterprises, based on the industry market, competitive brands and consumer status, around the fashion trend, carry out targeted research and research, and draw the conclusion of regularity and methodology. Help enterprises to understand the trend of clothing products. Through the practical investigation of research projects, students obtain relevant data, and through scientific analysis and collation, they can draw valuable conclusions of clothing design research course, and finally display the results in the form of Research Report and research paper.. Also known as product design and development projects, according to the needs of different enterprises or brands, complete the design and development of enterprise clothing products. This kind of project is mainly divided into new quarter product design and development projects of clothing enterprises, or clothing demand design projects of cross industry enterprises or organizations. This kind of project has strong practicality, and requires to complete a series of clothing design to meet the needs of cooperative enterprises in limited course time. This involves research, design, printing, production and other aspects. The successful cooperation project course of clothing industry and university can obtain the winwin result of school and enterprise. Through the project-based curriculum, enterprises can get inspiration from students' new ideas and concepts, help brand design innovation and explore new design talents. Through cooperation, the school can obtain more resources, which is conducive to the development and construction of the specialty. In the process of cooperation, teachers can get the opportunity of practice and teaching test, which is conducive to the improvement of teaching ability. In the practical study, the students can make comprehensive use of the knowledge they have learned, which is helpful to the cultivation of their professional ability and comprehensive quality. 3.2. Status of Courses for Productive Cooperation Projects. In the actual process of industry university cooperation, research cooperation is relatively easy to achieve. In the course of industry university cooperation, the project of design practice often becomes a mere formality. The reason is that the project cooperation of research nature and the participation of enterprises are not high, which is relatively easy for the organization and management of curriculum and students. And with the clothing enterprise class cooperation, the new product design development project. Enterprises and colleges are required to have good cooperation, communication and support. In the process of practical operation, various problems often appear, which makes the cooperation project become a mere formality and cannot be implemented. 4. Implementation Path of Industry University Cooperation Project Based Curriculum in Fashion Design Specialty 4.1. Implementation Path Map Of Project Based Curriculum In Industry University Cooperation. The implementation of Project-based Curriculum of industry university cooperation (Figure 1) needs to carry out curriculum planning on the basis of clear curriculum objectives, core concepts and curriculum standards. It is an important part of the smooth development and success of the course to select the appropriate production and learning projects, to carry out the scientific curriculum content design in line with the design market law, and the corresponding guarantee system of curriculum.


The utility of ubiquitous computing systems drives large-scale software development with millions of lines of code (LOC). As there are vast code sets, it also increases the possibility of coding errors since it is difficult for even highly trained software engineers to write flawless code. Such flawed software can lead to severe issues once deployed. McCabe and Halstead proposed feature extractors for source code to define software quality. Based on the static features proposed by McCabe and Halstead, we run a series of feature engineering techniques and different machine learning models to detect code defects and use explainable algorithms to assess the prediction quality. We report different processing pipeline combinations to detect defects and compare the approaches. We conclude the paper with comments on the nature of the dataset and establish a baseline for further research.


A quantum theory is developed for the scattering of a nonrelativistic particle in the field of a cosmic string regarded as a combination of a magnetic and gravitational strings. Allowance is made for the effects due to the finite transverse dimensions of the string under fairly general assumptions about the distribution of the magnetic field and spatial curvature in the string. It is shown that in a definite range of angles the differential cross section at all absolute values of the wave vector of the incident particle depends strongly on the magnetic flux of the string.


In March, 1947, the Department of Health of the Government of India named a committee to consider measures to be taken to increase the usefulness of the indigenous systems of medicine, primarily Hindu Ayurveda and Muslim Unānī Tibbi. In 1948 this Committee on Indigenous Systems of Medicine issued a volume of explanatory appendices and a report. The principal explanation of Ayurveda in the appendices is found in a "Scientific Memorandum" compiled by a prominent member of the Committee, Dr. B. A. Pathak, the principal of Ayurvedic College, Benares Hindu University. Much of this Memorandum is devoted to a discussion of a view of disease called the tridosha or "three disorder" theory. In introducing it, the Memorandum declares:This theory is the foundation of Ayurvedic science. Its embryological, anatomical, physiological, pathological and therapeutical conceptions rest upon this foundation. It has been the product of the genius of this country and has not been borrowed from outside. There are references to i...


Thank you for reading collaborative advantage winning through extended enterprise supplier networks. Maybe you have knowledge that, people have look hundreds times for their chosen books like this collaborative advantage winning through extended enterprise supplier networks, but end up in infectious downloads. Rather than reading a good book with a cup of tea in the afternoon, instead they are facing with some infectious bugs inside their laptop.


Human peripheral vision suffers from several limitations that differ among various regions of the visual field. Since these limitations result in natural visual impairments, many interesting intelligent user interfaces based on eye tracking could benefit from peripheral view calculations that aim to compensate for events occurring outside the very center of gaze. We present a general peripheral view calculation model which extends previous work on attention-based user interfaces that use eye gaze. An intuitive, two dimensional visibility measure based on the concept of solid angle is developed for determining to which extent an object of interest observed by a user intersects with each region of the underlying visual field model. The results are weighted considering the visual acuity in each visual field region to determine the total visibility of the object. We exemplify the proposed model in a virtual reality car simulation application incorporating a head-mounted display with integrated eye tracking functionality. In this context, we provide a quantitative evaluation in terms of a runtime analysis of the different steps of our approach. We provide also several example applications including an interactive web application which visualizes the concepts and calculations presented in this paper.


Femtosecond laser induced electromagnetic surface waves, supported by a gold overlayer on top of a magnetic iron garnet (IG) single-crystalline film, are demonstrated to induce a change in the magnetic anisotropy of the IG. This effect is found to be similar to the previously reported photo-induced magnetic anisotropy in this material. However, its dependence on the polarization of the light and orientation of the magnetization is found to be different. This electromagnetic surface wave control of the spins opens new interesting possibilities for all-optical ultrafast control of the magnetization at a nanometre length scale.


To the wasted last slag of Gao-lin clay, the chemical and physical composition were analysed and the test of trial-production of small hollow concretc building-block was done. lt solved successfully the problem of the utilization of the wasted last slag of Gao-lin clay.


Ruthenium has been of interest for application in ULSI capacitor electrodes and more recently as a barrier metal against Cu diffusion. Thin-film deposition from supercritical CO2 has gained particular attention as a new deposition technique that provides nano-penetration capability and a possibility of developing new deposition chemistries. However, few papers have been published on this technique. In this article, first, the deposition characteristics of Ru thin films using H2 reduction chemistry were described. It was found that Ru films grow only on conductive surfaces when H2 reduction chemistry was employed. These films can be beneficial for some specific applications; however they are not very much favored for general deposition technology. Second, we report that Ru films, oxygen-containing Ru films in fact, grew on dielectric/non-conductive surfaces when oxidative chemistry was used. O3 was used as an oxidant for thin film deposition from supercritical fluids for the first time. The use of O3 promotes heterogenous nucleation and increases the amount of oxygen in the films. Oxygen-containing Ru was reduced by another reduction run using supercritical CO2.


Traditional damage assessment for large-scale disaster has following two problems. First is there is no method to collect up-to-date information about damage inventory such as population and the number of buildings for large target area in fine spatial resolution, especially in developing country. Second is multi-jurisdictional nature of human settlement has been ignored. Human settlement tends to extend beyond administrative boundary. Assessment should be done by each human settlement cluster, not by administrative jurisdiction. To address these problems, we focused on city light distribution captured by DMSP (Defense Meteorological Satellite Program) satellite on daily basis as an index of human settlement across the boundary. At first, we developed an automated method to estimate stable light intensity which reflects the city light distribution by accumulating a large amount of DMSP imagery. Then, the methods to identify metropolitan area and to estimate the size of population and the number of buildings were developed by analyzing the relationship between the spatial distribution of city light and that of population and buildings with 1km grid based on the population census and the business census. It was clarified that spatial change of metropolitan area from 1995 to 2000 estimated by city light distribution reflects actual changes in the population and that the method we proposed can reliably estimate the population and the number of buildings with 1km grid within the municipalities with more than 10,000 population and more than 10,000 buildings. We applied these methods to assess the damage size due to the Tokai earthquake which is expected to occur near future. Which human settlement clusters can be especially impacted and which municipalities should closely cooperate each other for this event was clarified by aggregating the damage estimated in each 1km grid using the metropolitan area estimated by our method.


The enynes HCCCHCHCH2R(R = H, OMe, NMe2, SMe) are converted into dimers HCCCHCHCH(R)CH(CH2R)CH2CCH by treatment with butyl-lithium in a mixture of tetrahydrofuran and hexane.


Interest in studies about the relationship between human beings and the environment has continuously increased. Nevertheless, studies concerning the investigation of the complexity of behavior phenomenon linked to environment are recent. The lack of instruments to measure ecological behavior in the Brazilian context, in order to understand this phenomenon in the social and cultural framework of the country, highlights the importance and need to establish reliable and suitable instruments for the study of this subject in Brazil. This paper describes the development and validation of the Ecological Behavior Scale (EBS) for use within the Brazilian context. The study involved 234 high school and university students (142 female and 88 male and 4 missing; average age equals 20.5). The results point to the multidimensionality of ecological behavior. The four factors found were activism-consume, water and energy saving, urban cleanliness, and recycling.


The problem of detecting unit roots in univariate and multivariate time series data is treated as a problem of multiple decisions instead of a testing problem, as is otherwise common in the econometric and statistical literature. The multiple decision design is based on a distinction between continuous primary and discrete secondary parameters. Four examples for such multiple decision designs are considered: first- and second-order in- tegrated univariate processes; cointegration in a bivariate model; seasonal integration for semester data; seasonal integration for quarterly data. In all cases, restricted optimum decision rules are established based on Monte Carlo simulation. Keywords Multiple decisions, unit roots, autoregressive processes.


A theory is presented which describes the rate of dissolution of solids in basic and buffered media. The formulation is based on the Nernst-Brunner film model assuming a solution diffusion controlled process. Useful expressions are obtained which give relative dissolution rates as functions of the primary variables. Results of calculations predict that for a solid weak acid dissolving in an aqueous basic solution, the rates of dissolution become essentially independent of the strength of the base above certain values. In the region where it is independent of the base strength the rate is a linear function of the product of the base concentration and the base diffusion coefficient. The theoretical conclusions are satisfactorily substantiated by experiments on the rates of dissolution of benzoic acid in basic media of varying strength and diffusivities. The following bases were used as additives: sodium hydroxide, sodium bicarbonate, sodium tetraborate, disodium phosphate, sodium acetate, and ethanolamine. Studies were also carried out with added swamping electrolyte. It was found that the rates of dissolution in varying concentrations of sodium chloride in neutral solutions can be largely explained by the salting out effects of the electrolyte.


Hierarchical Bayesian models (HBMs) provide an account of Bayesian inference in a hierarchically structured hypothesis space. Scientific theories are plausibly regarded as organized into hierarchies in many cases, with higher levels sometimes called 'paradigms' and lower levels encoding more specific or concrete hypotheses. Therefore, HBMs provide a useful model for scientific theory change, showing how higher‐level theory change may be driven by the impact of evidence on lower levels. HBMs capture features described in the Kuhnian tradition, particularly the idea that higher‐level theories guide learning at lower levels. In addition, they help resolve certain issues for Bayesians, such as scientific preference for simplicity and the problem of new theories.


E. I. Zolotarev's so-called First Problem (ZFP) of 1877 ([1], [2], [4], [8], [16]) extends P. L. Chebyshev's approximation problem of 1854 [3] and calls for a polynomial P ∗ n,s of degree n with two fixed leading coefficients, 1 and − ns (where s ∈ R is given), i.e. P ∗ n,s ( x ) = (cid:80) n − 2 k =0 a ∗ k,n ( s ) x k + ( − ns ) x n − 1 + x n , which deviates least from the zero-function on [ − 1 , 1] (in the uniform norm). It suffices to consider s ≥ 0 , and we focus on the non-trivial cases s > tan 2 ( π 2 n ) for which the resulting P ∗ n,s is called a proper or hard-core monic Zolotarev polynomial. It alternates n times on [ − 1 , 1] and 2 times on some [ α, β ] , including the endpoints of these intervals as alternation points, where 1 < α < β . Zolotarev himself provided a transcendental solution for all n ≥ 2 in terms of elliptic functions [16]. The provision of an algebraic solution to ZFP has been vibrant from the outset, and was restated in [5] as an open problem to be solved on a computer, for n ≥ 6 . The cases 2 ≤ n < 6 are settled [11]. degree demonstrates how his theory can be applied to some explicit constructions for particu-lar n . Actually, V.A. Malyshev [7] calculated the polynomials F m ( n ) ,s and G m ( n ) ,s for 2 ≤ n < 6 and predicted correctly, as we have verified in step 2, their degrees for n ∈ N . Our approach to ZFP for low-degree polynomials ought to be contrasted with the approach via symbolic computation by D. Lazard [6] of 2006, where a solution for 6 ≤ n ≤ 12 is claimed, but no explicit example is shared. presented a methodical algebraic approach to ZFP based on results of [10], [15], without however going into details for n ∈ N . We point out that the here introduced general coefficients a k,n ( α, β ) , b l,m ( n ) ( s ) and c l,m ( n ) ( s ) , which facilitate the determination of the sought-for P ∗ n,s (where n ∈ N ), do not appear in any of the references above. Once these coefficients are stored, the construction of P ∗ n,s for any given n ∈ N and any given s > tan 2 ( π 2 n ) becomes straightforward. Remark: This Abstract is adapted from our poster, see Poster Session. Our participation in the Conference will be online only.


The continuity between morphological disciplines at the university has a potential of using new educational technologies to ensure a successful adaptation of the students. The proposed successive aspects of building links between subjects do not exhaust the problems of continuous teaching of morphological subjects; it is expected that new approaches will be discussed.


Calorie restriction (CR), which lengthens lifespan in many species, is associated with moderate hyperadrenocorticism and attenuated inflammation. Given the anti‐inflammatory action of glucocorticoids, we tested the hypothesis that the hyperadrenocorticism of CR contributes to its attenuated inflammatory response. We used a corticotropin‐releasing‐hormone knockout (CRHKO) mouse, which is glucocorticoid insufficient. There were four controls groups: CRHKO mice and wild‐type (WT) littermates fed either ad libitum (AL) or CR (60% of AL food intake), and three experimental groups: (a) AL‐fed CRHKO mice given corticosterone (CORT) in their drinking water titrated to match the integrated 24‐hr plasma CORT levels of AL‐fed WT mice, (b) CR‐fed CRHKO mice given CORT to match the 24‐hr CORT levels of AL‐fed WT mice, and (c) CR‐fed CHRKO mice given CORT to match the 24‐hr CORT levels of CR‐fed WT mice. Inflammation was measured volumetrically as footpad edema induced by carrageenan injection. As previously observed, CR attenuated footpad edema in WT mice. This attenuation was significantly blocked in CORT‐deficient CR‐fed CRHKO mice. Replacement of CORT in CR‐fed CRHKO mice to the elevated levels observed in CR‐fed WT mice, but not to the levels observed in AL‐fed WT mice, restored the anti‐inflammatory effect of CR. These results indicate that the hyperadrenocorticism of CR contributes to the anti‐inflammatory action of CR, which may in turn contribute to its life‐extending actions.


Introduction: Accurate knowledge about the anatomical variations of origin of Profunda Femoris Artery (PFA) is important for clinicians for diagnostic imaging and performing surgeries around the aforesaid vessels in femoral triangle.
Objective: To study the anatomical variations of the site of origin and to measure the mean distance between the mid inguinal point (MIP) and origin of PFA from Femoral Artery (FA) in millimeters with a scale and a caliper and to correlate it clinically.
Material and Methods: The present work was conducted on adult human cadavers placed for dissection in the departments of anatomy, in four government medical colleges situated in Patna, Bihar. The total numbers of cadavers studied were 25 and the total numbers of femoral triangles examined were 50. Femoral triangle was dissected and the variations in the origin of PFA as well as distance of the origin of PFA from MIP were noted down.
Results: PFA originated from femoral Artery in 98% of the cases while in 2 % it originated as a common trunk with Lateral Circumflex Femoral Artery (LCFA) from femoral Artery. The PFA arose most commonly (64%) from postero-lateral side, whereas the sites of origin from the lateral and posterior aspects were 22% and 12% respectively. The mean distance of origin of PFA from the mid inquinal point observed in this study was 41.1 mm.
Conclusion: PFA originating from the anterior aspect (2%) was rarely observed in other studies done so far. Therefore, this study highlights and recommend that surgeons should be careful about the unusual variations while performing invasive procedures on the FA and its branches.


Natural graphite is a carbon based inorganic material with a multilayered structure and can be interconnected by van der Waals force between its layers.This special structure decides that graphite can be intercalated by many things such as molecules,atoms,ions and atomic groups by using chemical or physical methods and get another new material,that is,graphite intercalation compounds(GIC).By rapidly thermal treatment,GIC can be expanded several hundreds times the volume of its original and get expanded graphite(EG) which has a worm-like structure.When treated with ultrasonication in an aqueous alcohol solution,the nanosheets of EG can be exfoliated and changed into nanosheets graphite(NanoG).In recent years,other carbon based materials such as fullerence,carbon nanotube(CNT) and graphene were developed one by one which inject new vitality into the graphite family and open a new applied space for the graphite.The structure,methods of preparation,properties and functions of the natural graphite(NG) and its derivatives such as expanded graphite(EG),graphite nanosheet(NanoG),graphene,carbon nano-tube(CNT) and fullerence are discussed systemically.


The characteristic of coal handling system in Viet Nam power plant is analyzed in the article,the design method of the coal handling system that is used for reference is proposed by introducing the point of coal handling system in Viet Nam power plant.


both the power and the weaknesses of Ricardo's system-building mind better than any commentary I know of. There is the striking discussion between Ricardo and McCulloch on the impact of a tax on foodstuffs raised to subsidize military allies (pp. 70-77), and Ricardo's treatment of the net effect of a tax on wages when regarded in terms of total budget incidence (pp. 126-28, 14042). The Ricardian analysis of the unequal effect on prices of a forward-shifted profits tax has implications for modern theory (pp. 107-9). Even readers with little interest in tax questions will find something of value here: Mr. Shoup has some illuminating comments to make on the meaning of "subsistence wages" in a dynamic economy (pp. 29-31), on the classical concept of "unproductive consumption," (pp. 52-54), and on Ricardo's notions of demandelasticities (pp. 137-39). And I wonder how often it is realized that Ricardo amended the quantity theory of money to take account of distortions in the price structure created by the incidence of taxes (pp. 77-79, 109-14, 188-225, 176-77). If this book has any fault, it is a minor one: the use of numerical examples for purposes of exposition is occasionally carried to excessive lengths. In his last chapter Mr. Shoup reminds us of the narrow focus of Ricardo's analysis upon problems of incidence and taxable capacity, at the neglect of technical problems of tax reform and debt management. Although Ricardo reviewed almost every tax then in existence, emphasizing short-run adjustments, the practical applicability of his conclusions is mitigated by the unexciting general maxim that all taxes, except a tax on pure rents, fall ultimately on business and farming profits. Moreover, his negative attitude to taxation and public spending did not invite policy prescriptions. Ricardo's tax analysis was not really geared to the concrete problems confronting a Chancellor of the Exchequer; much of it, indeed, consists simply of mental exercises employing the macro-economic model which he had constructed in the first seven chapters of his Principles. Mr. Shoup's study, carried on despite many interruptions over a period of fifteen years, has all the earmarks of a labor of love. Ricardo, to be sure, was a great economist who is still worth reading, but this hardly explains the jigsawpuzzle fascination which he seems to exert over so many students. The Ricardo passion is akin to chess fever. With this book the Ricardo Club, headed by Mr. Piero Sraffa, claims another member. M. BLAUG, Yale University


JN 1944, a provocative minority group of Australian "modernist" poets, known as "Angry Penguins," were the victims of a literary hoax that put Australian literature into world press headlines. On Max Harris, editor of Angry Penguins, two Sydney poets foisted deliberately concocted obscurities as the posthumous work of a fictitious genious, Ern Malley, and the controversy that followed still continues as an undercurrent to Australian literary criticism and crystallises a cleavage between traditionalists and experimentalists that exists in all world. The Adelaide University Arts Association published the first modest issue of Angry Penguins in 1941. It was a small unassuming, avantgarde poetry journal with a plain, puttycoloured cover, printed on art paper. The patron was C.R. Jury, a mature poet of a more traditional school than were the editors, Donald B. Kerr (afterwards a Royal Australian Air Force officer killed in operations at the end of 1942) and Max Harris, a 'teen-age undergraduate already locally notorious for the fire and fury of his modernistic verses. The curious name, reflecting local issues, was taken from a poem by Max Harris that contains the verse: -


The advent of blogging more and more content is published on the web. Micro blogging is used to convey ideas using short text messages; video links or images .micro blogging platforms allow the public to convey their ideas through new technologies and to convey ideas and news in precise manner. This paper aims to use to text mining algorithm, which is used for gathering relevant information from passages of text, to derive a context through which predictive analysis can be made. The goal will be to use this technique to provide a predictive analysis on the electoral polls using tweets from the micro-blogging platform twitter.


A RECENT letter to the Press counselled caution on the return of the German colonies on the grounds that Germany was a notoriously ungrateful nation. A few years after we presented Heligoland to her, the Kruger telegram showed her ready to encourage our enemies. Why should we now make her further gifts which would merely render more effective similar treachery? Clearly behaviour like this by an individual would warrant such an attitude. If I give a man a present on Monday and on Tuesday he stabs me in the back, I shall look with suspicion on his suggestion that I should make him further gifts next week. Yet the easy use of the word "Germany" here conceals a host of problems. Was the government which negotiated the return of Heligoland responsible for the Kruger telegram, or did the Kaiser send it on his own initiative? Was the German people "behind" the government or the Kaiser when the telegram was sent? Does the present government of Germany necessarily resemble the pre-war government ? Is the German people to be held responsible for what its present government does? Only if all these questions are answered in one way is the prediction plausible or the condemnation justified. The moral is that until statements about "Germany" are rewritten so as to become statements about the German Government or the German people, accusations of ingratitude and bad faith have no intelligible or verifiable meaning. This in turn should make us wonder whether "Germany" is the name of an entity which has characteristics of its own at all. Another letter to the Press some time ago began: "General diabetic opinion demands . . ." Is "General diabetic opinion" the name of a moral agent who, like General Franco, can make demands,


The purpose of this article is to find the truth of Gibbs & Colston theory in Meutia's poetry and to find out the types of figurative language and the most dominant kind of figurative language in Meutia's poetry. The study focused figurative language in Meutia's poetry Tigress. The study used descriptive qualitative method and Gibbs & Colston's theory (2012) is used for identifying the figurative language. The writer chooses six poetries randomly. There are Moonset, Migration, Materialism, Your City, What Your Heart is Not, and Awkward Silence. Gibbs & Colston theory (2012) conducted about evaluating the use of metaphors, metonymy, irony, idioms, and proverbs. Gibbs & Colston (2012 : 19) state that special feature of figurative language may have much to do with their meaning products as with the cognitive processes used to create those meaning. The result of the study is idiom 1 data, irony 5 data, metaphor 133 data, and metonymy 2 data. Proverbs are not found in this study. Figurative language is found metaphor, metonymy, idiom, and irony.  The most dominant figurative language in Poetry Tigress is metaphor. Figurative language in poetry gives sense and beauty to the poem. It helps people to expression, description of something, to make easy people to reference of something, to give inspiration and motivation.  Keywords: Figurative Language, Poetry, Poetry Tigress


Summary form only given. The computational complexity and memory requirements of multilevel plane wave time domain (PWTD)-accelerated marching-on-in-time (MOT)-based surface integral equation (SIE) solvers scale as O(NtNs(log2)Ns) and O(Ns1.5); here Nt and Ns denote numbers of temporal and spatial basis functions discretizing the current [Shanker et al., IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., 51, 628-641, 2003]. In the past, serial versions of these solvers have been successfully applied to the analysis of scattering from perfect electrically conducting as well as homogeneous penetrable targets involving up to Ns ≈ 0.5 × 106 and Nt ≈ 103. To solve larger problems, parallel PWTD-enhanced MOT solvers are called for. Even though a simple parallelization strategy was demonstrated in the context of electromagnetic compatibility analysis [M. Lu et al., in Proc. IEEE Int. Symp. AP-S, 4, 4212-4215, 2004], by and large, progress in this area has been slow. The lack of progress can be attributed wholesale to difficulties associated with the construction of a scalable PWTD kernel. Recently, we developed a new parallel PWTD kernel that leverages an advanced hierarchical and provably scalable spatial, angular, and temporal load partitioning strategy [Y. Liu et. al., in URSI Digest, 2012]. Here, we adopt this new PWTD kernel to solve time domain electric, magnetic, and combined field SIEs pertinent to the analysis of scattering from perfect electrically conducting objects; all SIEs are discretized using standard RWG spatial basis and testing functions, and shifted Lagrange temporal interpolators. Just like in parallel frequency domain FMM-accelerated SIE solvers, "far-fields" are evaluated using the parallel PWTD scheme; classical "near-field" computations and the actual MOT operation also are performed in parallel. The interplay between the PWTD and classical code components calls for CPU versus memory trade-offs that are quite different from those encountered in frequency-domain FMM-accelerated SIE solvers. These trade-offs and related implementation details, which render this new PWTD-enhanced MOT-SIE solver highly scalable on up-to thousands of cores, will be presented at the meeting. The solver has been used to analyze transient electromagnetic scattering from canonical and real-world targets involving up to 10 million spatial unknowns, realizing vast efficiency improvements over its predecessors.


This paper presents some of the image processing techniques that were applied to seek an answer to the question whether agents of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) directed gunfired against the Branch Davidian complex in the tragic event that took place in Waco, Texas, U.S., 1993. The task for this investigation was to provide a scientific opinion that clarified the cause of the questioned events, or flashes, that can be seen on one of the surveillance videotapes. These flashes were by several experts, concluded to be evidence of gunfire. However, there were many reasons to question the correctness of that conclusion, such as the fact that some of the flashes appeared on a regular basis. The main hypothesis for this work was that the flashes instead were caused by specular solar reflections. The technical approach for this work was to analyze and compare the flashes appearance. By reconstructing the spatial and temporal position of the sensor, the complex and the sun, the geometrical properties was compared to the theoretical appearance of specular solar reflections. The result showed that the flashes seen on the FLIR videotape, were caused by solar or heat reflections from single or multiple objects. Consequently, they could not form evidence of gunfire. Further, the result highlights the importance of considering the characteristics of the imaging system within investigations that utilizes images as information source. This is due to the need of separating real data from other phenomena (such as solar reflections), distortions and artifacts in a correct manner.


In 2006, Massachusetts enacted the country's first law mandating near-universal health care coverage,1 and the state now has the lowest proportion of uninsured residents in the United States. The Massachusetts Division of Health Care Finance and Policy estimated that only 2.7% of state residents remained uninsured as of spring 2009.2 National policymakers have turned to Massachusetts as a potential model for federal health care reform, and reform proposals recently put forward in Congress include elements from the Massachusetts plan, such as the individual mandate to buy insurance, public-program expansions, and a health insurance exchange. Despite the state's low percentage of . . .


Photo-physical properties of mechano-chemically synthesized organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites have been investigated. CH3NH3PbBr3 nano-particles were prepared using the wet ball milling technique. Three emission peaks have been observed using low temperature photoluminescence spectroscopy. We assign these peaks to originate from free excitonic (FE) and bound excitonic emission and impurity level transition. FE peak energy increases linearly with temperature and a lattice phase change (orthorhombic to cubic) induces a sudden lateral shift after 110 K. However, the simultaneous presence of two phases has not been observed in this case. Greater activation energy is found in the mechano-chemically synthesized material rather than reported solution processed samples which indicates higher excitonic stability.Photo-physical properties of mechano-chemically synthesized organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites have been investigated. CH3NH3PbBr3 nano-particles were prepared using the wet ball milling technique. Three emission peaks have been observed using low temperature photoluminescence spectroscopy. We assign these peaks to originate from free excitonic (FE) and bound excitonic emission and impurity level transition. FE peak energy increases linearly with temperature and a lattice phase change (orthorhombic to cubic) induces a sudden lateral shift after 110 K. However, the simultaneous presence of two phases has not been observed in this case. Greater activation energy is found in the mechano-chemically synthesized material rather than reported solution processed samples which indicates higher excitonic stability.