The study tested a designed and built pilot scale packed bio-tower system under continuous operation using pre-clarified municipal wastewater. Performance was evaluated by measuring the removal of chemical oxygen demand and nitrogen ammonia. The pilot scale packed bio-tower system had a diameter of 1209 mm (4 ft.) and a height of 3,962 mm (13 ft.) and contained Bentwood CF-1900 bacteria growth media with a surface area of 6,028.80 ft2 (560.09 m2). The municipal residential sewage was fed into a 1,481 l (375 gal.) recirculation reservoir at a temperature of 15°C (59.0°F) and a flow rate between 7,571 l/d (2000 gal/d) and 90,850 l/d (24,000 gal/d) and recirculated through the bio-tower with a fixed recirculation rate of 75.7 l/min (20 gal/min). The influent COD value reduction achieved is between 63.4% and 84.8%, whereas the COD influent value varied between 87 mg/l and 140 mg/l. The influent NH3-N reduction achieved was between 99.8% and 91.8% whereas the influent NH3-N value was between 28.8 mg/l and 18.6 mg/l at a flow rate between 7571 l/d (2000 gal/d) and 90,850 l/d (24,000 gal/d). Original Research Article Doelle and Wang; AJEE, 13(2): 42-50, 2020; Article no.AJEE.59298 43


A document discusses selected aspects of a continuing effort to develop five micro-imagers for both still and video monitoring of cell cultures to be grown aboard the International Space Station. The approach taken in this effort is to modify and augment pre-existing electronic micro-cameras. Each such camera includes an image-detector integrated-circuit chip, signal-conditioning and image-compression circuitry, and connections for receiving power from, and exchanging data with, external electronic equipment. Four white and four multicolor light-emitting diodes are to be added to each camera for illuminating the specimens to be monitored. The lens used in the original version of each camera is to be replaced with a shorter-focal-length, more-compact singlet lens to make it possible to fit the camera into the limited space allocated to it. Initially, the lenses in the five cameras are to have different focal lengths: the focal lengths are to be 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, and 3 cm. Once one of the focal lengths is determined to be the most nearly optimum, the remaining four cameras are to be fitted with lenses of that focal length.


This symposium was dedicated to discussing BCR-ABL-positive chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) and Philadelphia-positive acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (Ph+ALL). Prof Baccarani opened the symposium, highlighting the recent improvements in survival in patients with BCR-ABL-positive CML and Ph+ALL. Dr de Lavallade discussed the role of mutational analyses as part of molecular monitoring, including the use of next-generation sequencing (NGS) to assess BCR-ABL mutation status and to detect low-frequency mutations. Dr Rea reviewed treatment options for CML with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) in the second and third-line treatment settings. The session concluded with Dr Martinelli presenting mutational burden in Ph+ALL patients and treatment options for these patients, in particular, with ponatinib, emphasising the importance of early treatment initiation.


The concept of a computable function is quite a well-studied one, however, it is possible to capture certain important properties of computability categorically. A special type of category used for this purpose is called a Turing category. This thesis starts with a brief overview of Turing categories, followed by a study of additional categorical structure they may contain, based on the types of structure found in the world of computable functions, and how this is reflected in the underlying combinatorial structures.


Herein, a miscellaneous contact problem of the theory of elasticity in the upper half-plane is considered. The boundary is a real semi-axis separated into four parts, on each of which the boundary conditions are set for the real or imaginary part of two desired analytical functions. Using new unknown functions, the problem is reduced to an inhomogeneous Riemann boundary value problem with a piecewise constant 2 × 2 matrix and four singular points. A differential equation of the Fuchs class with four singular points is constructed, the residue matrices of which are found by the logarithm method of the product of matrices. The single solution of the problem is represented in terms of Cauchy-type integrals when the solvability condition is met.


The percutaneous absorption of clobetasol propionate from Dermovate® (Glaxo) ointment and cream was modified by reformulation. Propylene glycol, acting as vehicle for the steroid, was removed and replaced by di‐n‐butyl adipate. This significantly reduced the brightness of vasoconstriction over 24 h, after application of the new formulations to the forearms of healthy volunteers; the areas of vasoconstriction were slightly increased. Plasma cortisol levels were not affected by 12 nightly applications of 15 g of each of the new formulations, whereas this regimen produced marked depression of plasma cortisol levels when Dermovate was used. Circulating levels of clobetasol propionate were considerably lower over a 96‐h period after applications of 30 g of the new formulations in comparison with the marketed formulations. The percutaneous absorption of clobetasol propionate was therefore considerably reduced by reformulation. The implications for therapy are discussed.


MULTIMEDIA SYSTEMS Design Challenges for Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks Tommaso Melodia and Kaushik R. Chowdhury Performance Analysis of Multimedia Traffic over HSDPA Irene de Bruin, Frank Brouwer, Neill Whillans, Yusun Fu, and Youqian Xiao Interactive Mobile TV Technologies: An Overview Ramakrishna Vedantham and Igor D.D. Curcio Multiparty Audioconferencing on Wireless Networks R. Venkatesha Prasad, Vijay S. Rao, H.N. Shankar, and R. Muralishankar MULTIMEDIA OVER AD HOCAND SENSOR NETWORKS Routing for Video Communications over Wireless Ad HocNetworks Shiwen Mao, Y. Thomas Hou, Hanif D. Sherali, and Scott F. Midkiff Multipath Unicast and Multicast Video Communication over Wireless Ad HocNetworks Wei Wei and Avideh Zakhor Video Communications over Wireless Sensor Networks Min Chen, Shiwen Mao, Yong Yuan, and Victor C.M. Leung MULTIMEDIA OVER WIRELESS LOCAL AREA NETWORKS Multimedia Quality-of-Service Support in IEEE 802.11 Standards Zhifeng Tao, Thanasis Korakis, Shivendra Panwar, and Leandros Tassiulas Peer-Assisted Video Streaming over WLANs Danjue Li, Chen-Nee Chuah, Gene Cheung, and S.J. Ben Yoo Multimedia Services over Broadband Wireless LAN Jianhua He, Zuoyin Tang, Yan Zhang, and Zongkai Yang Improving User-Perceived Quality for Video Streaming over WLAN Nikki Cranley and Gabriel-Miro Muntean QUALITY OF SERVICE AND ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES End-to-End QoS Support for Video Delivery over Wireless Internet Qian Zhang, Wenwu Zhu, and Ya-Qin Zhang Handoff Management of Wireless Multimedia Services: A Middleware Approach P. Bellavista, A. Corradi, and L. Foschini Packet Scheduling in Broadband Wireless Multimedia Networks Rong Yu, Yan Zhang, Zhi Sun, and Shunliang Mei The Peak-to-Average Power Ratio in Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing Wireless Communication Systems Tao Jiang, Laurence T. Yang, and Yan Zhang Index


Estimating the parameters of a probabilistic directed graphical model from incomplete data remains a long-standing challenge. This is because, in the presence of latent variables, both the likelihood function and posterior distribution are intractable without further assumptions about structural dependencies or model classes. While existing learning methods are fundamentally based on likelihood maximization, here we offer a new view of the parameter learning problem through the lens of optimal transport. This perspective licenses a general framework that operates on any directed graphs without making unrealistic assumptions on the posterior over the latent variables or resorting to black-box variational approximations. We develop a theoretical framework and support it with extensive empirical evidence demonstrating the flexibility and versatility of our approach. Across experiments, we show that not only can our method recover the ground-truth parameters but it also performs comparably or better on downstream applications, notably the non-trivial task of discrete representation learning.


The invention provides a storage chip and a parameter generating method. The storage chip comprises an interface unit and a parameter generating module. Received instructions are processed to generate computed results, and then the generated computed results are sent to printing and imaging equipment. Due to the fact that the parameters are generated through the storage chip according to parameter generating programs or instruction processing rules and instructions, a compatible manufacturer or an original manufacturer does not need to store integrated specific parameters in the storage chip, the fact that competitors read the storage chip directly and obtains the specific parameters is avoided, and data are protected.


Two types of decision errors can be made when using a quality control chart for non-conforming units (p-chart). A Type I error occurs when the process is not out of control but a search for an assignable cause is performed unnecessarily. A Type II error occurs when the process is out of control but a search for an assignable cause is not performed. The probability of a Type I error is under direct control of the decision-maker while the probability of a Type II error depends, in part, on the sample size. A simple sample size formula is presented for determining the required sample size for a p-chart with specified probabilities of Type I and Type II errors.


An anti-attack garment. The anti-attack garment comprises an electric shock garment (1), defense gloves (3), and a controller (4). The electric shock garment (1) is insulated from the defense gloves (3). The controller (4) is mounted on the electric shock garment (1). The electric shock garment (1) is made of bite-resistant cloth (5). The bite-resistant cloth (5) comprises an outer conductive layer (6) and an inner insulation layer (7). The electric shock garment (1) comprises a head cover (8), an upper coat (9), lower trousers (10), conductive shoes (2), and conductive zippers (11). When an animal threatens the life of a protected person, a high-voltage electricity generator (14) is controlled by the controller (4) to generate high-voltage electricity, and the high-voltage electricity is transmitted to outer surfaces of the head cover (8), the upper coat (9), the lower trousers (10) and the conductive shoes (2) by means of a first conductive zipper (33), a second conductive zipper (34) and a third conductive zipper (69). When the animal attacks and contacts the outer surfaces of the head cover (8), the upper coat (9), the lower trousers (10) and the conductive shoes (12), the protected person can use the defense gloves (3) to electrically shock the incoming animal actively, and life safety of the protective person is maintained.


In Sm2+ doped alkline earth halides, hole burning process is two step photoionization of Sm2+ following electron trapping [1]. The first step is using burning laser to excite electron of Sm2+ from the ground state 7F0 to the excited energy level 5DJ. The second step is using gating laser to excite the electron from the 5DJ level to the conduction band, where the free electron will be captured either by trap or by the ionized Sm2+ ion again. The overall process depends on the factors: excitation rate, the trapping rate and the recombination rate.


One of the biosignals used to identify human muscle impulses is electromyography. Electromyographic signals are frequently utilized as inputs and are designed to help persons with disabilities or aid in the healing process following stroke therapy. According to studies, this occurrence has led to the development of numerous electromyography module sensor designs to meet different purposes. In this work, disposable electrodes and dry electrodes are used to examine the root mean square RMS values of two different electromyography sensor module types. With a 3 kg barber lift action, each module is used to detect signals in the biceps, which are part of the upper extremity muscles. According to the study's findings, the two electromyography modules with disposable electrodes produced data with a p-value of 0.001766368 0.05. It can be inferred that there is no difference between the E1 and E2 modules because the p-value for the t-test of the two modules with dry electrodes is 0.001766368 0.05. However, there is a variance in the amplitude's magnitude, with a difference of 30mV between the disposable and dry electrodes. The results of this study can be used to teach students, and a module developed as a result of it can be applied to other studies to help find electromyographic signals.


There is a natural relationship between literary creation and local culture. Different customs will result in different literary works. When a writer is engaged in a specific cultural atmosphere, the unique customs in that environment become the source material of his creation. Through his artistic creation, the local culture becomes the target of artistic aesthetics and is ironed with the writer's aesthetic taste and has worked an endless artistic appeal. Shen Cong-wen ia a well-known local-colored novelist in the modern history of Chinese literature. His hometown, West Hunan and its customs become the starting point and strong point of his literary creation. He has refined the profound imagery carrier from the specific customs rich in local color, and thus projected the local customs into the works which are rendered special, artistic and imagery. All this made his local-colored novels specific to West Hunan all the more aesthetic.


The chemical grafting of iron surfaces at open-circuit potential by reduction of different aryldiazonium salts in aqueous acidic solution occurs spontaneously without the need of electrochemical assistance. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and IR allowed to evidence the grafting of organic moieties without any adsorption of diazonium salts. The aryl groups are strongly bonded to the metal since they can withstand sonication in acetone. XPS measurements also show that spontaneous grafting in water is at least as efficient as electrochemical grafting and also indicate the presence of a multiphenyl layer coverage of the iron surface. The surface film of carboxyphenyl groups on iron was chemically derivatized further by octyltriethoxysilane. The anticorrosive effects of the different films were evaluated in 0.01 M H2SO4 aqueous solution, by polarization and impedance measurements. Grafting of the diazonium salt results in an inhibition efficiency up to 73%, which can be slightly increased up to 85% by d...


On March 2005, the River Bureau of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport issued "Guidelines for Seismic Performance Evaluation of Dams during Large Earthquakes (Draft)." The Draft Guidelines describe the methods for systematically evaluating the seismic safety of dams subjected to large earthquake motions, including establishment of scenario earthquakes and required seismic performance of dam bodies and appurtenant structures. Before practical application of the Guidelines, we require further study for verification with existing dams. Therefore, the Guidelines are used as "Draft" during trial implementation for verification. The Draft Guidelines are composed of four chapters," Basic matters"," Required seismic performance"," Methods for evaluating dam bodies" and " Methods for evaluating appurtenant structures." The chapter of "Basic matters" describes the definitions of technical terms, the seismic safety to be evaluated, etc. The chapter of "Required seismic performance" describes the procedure for setting scenario earthquake for seismic performance evaluation. Especially, it also shows "Earthquake motions with lower-limit acceleration response spectrum for evaluation." The chapter of " Methods for evaluating dam bodies" describes that the seismic performance of the dam body is evaluated basically by dynamic analysis and additionally by cumulative pertinent damage processes analysis . The chapter of " Methods for evaluating appurtenant structures" shows the basic concept for evaluating gates, pier, intake facility, control devices and so on. Keyword: Earthquake-proof design ,Large earthquakes, Seismic performance evaluation, Technical guideline.


N. Nemeth a,∗, O.K. Baskurt b, H.J. Meiselman c and I. Miko a a Medical and Health Science Center, Department of Operative Techniques and Surgical Research, Institute of Surgery, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary b Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey c Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA


Electronic marketplaces (EMs) are virtual marketplaces where buyers and suppliers meet to exchange information about prices and product and service offerings, and to negotiate and carry out business transactions. They are at the centre of the current growth in Internet electronic commerce, both in business-to-business (B2B) and business-to-consumer (B2C) markets, although the value of B2B electronic commerce is proportionately five times B2C and is expected to exceed ten times its value by 2003. In this paper, we trace the evolution of EMs, from their initial beginnings as computer-tocomputer links between corporate trading partners, to their current forms as multi-vendor Webbased catalogs and ordering systems that service B2B customers. We also describe in detail B2B electronic marketplaces, including sell-side, buy-side, and intermediary-supported multi-vendor catalog systems that link customers and suppliers. We discuss the role of management in guiding firms through this difficult transition period, including choices that depend on the


For curved exponential families we consider modified likelihood ratio statistics of the form rL=r+log(u/r)/r, where r is the signed root of the likelihood ratio statistic. We are testing a one‐dimensional hypothesis, but in order to specify approximate ancillary statistics we consider the test as one in a series of tests. By requiring asymptotic independence and asymptotic normality of the test statistics in a large deviation region there is a particular choice of the statistic u which suggests itself. The derivation of this result is quite simple, only involving a standard saddlepoint approximation followed by a transformation. We give explicit formulas for the statistic u, and include a discussion of the case where some coordinates of the underlying variable are lattice.


Introduction: Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC) typically affects older individuals with Predilection for sun-exposed skin (face, hands) small, well-circumscribed, pearly tan-gray papule devoid of scale lesions enlarge with time and tend to ulcerate (rodent ulcers). Basal cell nevus syndrome: multiple basaloid hamartomas on the cutaneous surface associated with palmar keratotic pits, jaw cysts, and basal cell carcinomas in non–sun-exposed locations. BCC rarely metastasize; when they do, the primary lesion is usually advanced. Aim: The aim of our study was to determine the frequency of various types of BCCs encountered in our practice, to delineate the spectrum in our setup and to determine the different histological patterns, anatomical location, site predilection, and age and sex incidence. Materials and methods: The present study was carried out in the department of pathology in a tertiary care centre. The study was prospective (2years) as well as retrospective (5 years) and was done during the period of September 2004 to September 2011 i.e., 7 years. Results : In the present study 21 cases of BCC were seen and accounted for 26.25% of all the malignant tumors of skin. Conclusions : In the present study majority (85%) of the lesions of BCC were located on head and neck region, average age of cases of basal cell carcinoma was 65.6 years, and solid type of BCC was most common type.


In this paper, we computed the available and unavailable energy using first and second law of thermodynamics for wet ethanol operated homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) engine for cogeneration application. Present analysis includes engine and its various subsystems like turbocharger, regenerator, fuel vaporizer, catalytic convertor and heat recovery steam generator (HRSG). This paper also presents the evaluation of effect of ambient temperature, turbocharger compressor pressure ratio and effectiveness of regenerator on the first and second law efficiencies of the system. The numerical computational analysis of the system indicates that the first and second law efficiencies are decreasing with ambient temperature as the increase in ambient temperature increases the charge intake temperature which leads to reduced work output and it finally results in reduced efficiencies. The decrease in first and second law efficiencies with effectiveness of regenerator is also due to similar reasons however these efficiencies increase with the increase of turbocharger compressor pressure ratio due to increase in the charge density at the inlet of the HCCI engine which further results in increase in power output of the engine and finally increase in efficiencies. A computational analysis has been done and the result so obtained is validated for HCCI engine with available literature at mean operating conditions and further waste heat from exhaust is utilized in organic Rankine cycle (ORC) and HRSG for combined production of power and heat . This cogeneration system has a good thermal performance with first law efficiency, second law efficiency and power to heat ratio at 46.47%, 38.5% and 7.64 respectively for the mean operating conditions of T0=300K, Pr=3, ηT=80%, e=79%. Magnitude of exergy destruction is also presented at mean operating conditions as this analysis provides a ranking among the components of the system. The component with higher exergy destruction is more responsible to deteriorate the performance of the system. These results will be useful for the determination of optimum design of such system and it will provide an insight on technical issues related to efficient research and development of such engines.


In 1932, Hicks expressed his cautious rejection of Walras's theory of capital. Looking at this theory from the standpoint of the defence of the notion of marginal product, Hicks was led to retrace the difficulties he saw in Walras's theory to the contradiction between Walras's treatment of capital as a set of heterogeneous capital goods on the one side, and the determination of a long period (normal) equilibrium on the other. The paper is conceived as the first part of a larger work aimed at reconstructing Hicks's evolution from his initial rejection of Walras' theory of capital in 1932 to his influential rehabilitation of the Walrasian treatment of capital in 1934. JEL: B210, B310, D330; D500.


This study was intended to evaluate the quality of smoked catfish smoked withdifferent types of woods. The fish weighing 250-300gr each were smoked with hot andliquid smoking method using rambutan wood (Nephelium lappacium) and medang wood(Dcinamouns spp). The smoked catfishes were evaluated for sensory quality, moisture, fenolvalue, acid value and pH. The smoked catfishes which were smoked with rambutan woodwere compared to that smoked with medang wood. The results showed that the smokedcatfishes which were smoked with rambutan wood had a better quality than that medangwood. Moisture, fenol value, acid value and pH of smoked catfishes which were smokedwith rambutan wood was 16,52%, 2,51%, 4,18% and 6,1% respectively, and that smokedwith medang wood was 18,31%, 2,17%, 4,10% and 6,33% respectively.Kunci : smoked catfish (Pangasius hypopthalmus) , sensory quality.


Based on the data collected by random survey of soil moisture in the Loess Hilly Region,the authors analyzed the dynamic characteristics of soil moisture under different landuses.The result showed that landuses made soil moisture in vertical layer quite different.In terrace land,the variational trend of soil moisture in different layers was accordant,that is,the fluctuation of soil moisture in vertical layer was little.Under different landuses,the variation of soil moisture between surface layer(0-30cm) and middle layer(30-100cm) was accordant,and landuse,in terms of the accordant degree,ranks in the descendant order of terrace land,pasture land,forestland,and shrub land.Except pasture land,the grey relational grade of the landuses between surface layer(0-30cm) and deep layer(100-200cm) was least,which means that soil moisture varied remarkably.The grey relational grade of soil moisture in each month was different.In shrub land,except December,the variational trend of soil moisture was similar.By contraries,grass land had the different trend,and the fluctuation of soil moisture in growth season was great.It can be seen that the different landuses resulted in the difference of dynamic characteristics of soil moisture.


An anthology of poems which have all appeared on posters on London Underground trains. Now they can be seen and read together: Shakespeare alongside Wendy Cope, Oscar Wilde with Stevie Smith, Spike Milligan with Robert Graves and Maya Angelou.


To obtain mullite thermal spray powders,natural andalusite powders were annealed at 1480℃in air for 4 h to promote their mullitization,then,after adding an appropriate amount Al 2 O3 powders,the secondary mullitization was carried out.The mullitized powders were prepared by spray-dried process.The component and phase structure of the powders before and after mullitzation were analyzed,the size distribution of the powders was tested,and the morphology of spray-dried powders was investigated.The results showed that the primary mullitized andalusite powders contained mullite and about 20wt%SiO2.After the secondary mullitization,the powders were constituted of mullite and a limited amount of Al 2 O3.The fluidity and apparent density of spray-dried powders were improved by heat-treatment,and its typical size distribution was suitable for air plasma spray.


A filtering balun based on multi-mode rectangular cavity is proposed in this paper for the first time. The printed circuit board (PCB) microstrip lines cooperated with coupling slots are utilized as feeding structures. The $TE_{101}$ mode is employed to construct the passband while the $TE_{011}$ and $TM_{110}$ modes are used to generate two out-of-band zeros. Besides, by analyzing the electromagnetic field distributions, the balun characteristic at the two outputs are achieved due to the antisymmetrical arrangement of the output feeding lines. For demonstration, a second order cavity filtering balun is designed and measured. Both good filtering response and balun characteristic are observed in the measurement, which validate the proposed method.


Steam jet cooking of unmodified and modified cereal flours increased paste dispersibility and decreased paste viscosity and paste setback to greater extents than did water bath or amylograph cooking. For modified flours prepared by dry-state procedures, jet cooking increased paste dispersibility and decreased paste and intrinsic viscosities considerably more for cationic flours than for an acid-modified flour. Improvements in dispersibility and viscosity properties of modified flours by jet cooking make them more effective in paper and flocculation applications.


Three experiments were carried out over two seasons to investigate the effect of irrigation, fertilizer, seed size spacing and cultivar on potatoes grown on Templeton silt loam. In the 1976-77 season yields were low and yield responses only occurred with furrow irrigation after flowering and with increased nitrogen fertilizer rates. Irrigation before flowering, increased phosphate rates, potash and dipping seed tubers in sodium hypochlorite solution had no effect on total yield. In the 1977-78 season, considerably drier than 1976-77, two trials were undertaken. In one, using sprinkler irrigation, which added 20 mm water each time the soil moisture fell to 22% gave similar yields to adding 40 mm water at 22% soil moisture. Altering the distance between plants in the row, and reducing seed size had no effect on yield. In the second trial, yields when furrow irrigation was applied at 16% soil moisture were not significantly different to yields when furrow irrigation was applied at 22%. Ilam Hardy out-yielded Kennebec, Wha and Whitu.


We estimate the number of algebraic points up to a given height on exponential‐algebraic curves and a selection of exponential‐algebraic surfaces, confirming a conjecture of Wilkie in their case.


As we are aware that motion estimation is an active and challenging area of vision system, which leads to the applications of computer vision. In general, motion detection and tracking in the image sequence (video) is carried out based on optical flow. In the recent-past, researchers have made a significant contribution to the estimation of optical flow through integer order-based variational models, but these are limited to integer order differentiation. In this paper, a nonlinear modeling of fractional order variational model in optical flow estimation is introduced using the Charbonnier norm, which can be scaled to integer order L 1-norm. In particular, the variational functional is formulated by the inclusion of a non-quadratic penalty term, regularization term and the Marchaud's fractional derivative. This non-quadratic penalty provides effective robustness against outliers, whereas the Marchaud's fractional derivative possesses a non-local character, and therefore is capable to deal with discontinuous information about texture and edges, and yields a dense flow field. The numerical discretization of the Marchaud's fractional derivative is employed with the help of Grünwald–Letnikov fractional derivative. The resulting nonlinear system is converted into a linear system and solved by an efficient numerical technique. Several experiments are performed over a spectrum of datasets. The robustness and accuracy of the proposed model are shown under different amounts of noise and through detailed comparisons with the recently published works.


This cross-sectional study evaluates how policy changes for Medicare Advantage plans affected supplemental benefit availability across geographic social vulnerability, membership diversity, and rebates from 2019 to 2022.


some chapters are less than linear, the flow of the stories and the interconnectedness of the companies and filmmakers largely justify the overall structure. Alexander's compelling narrative and anecdotal style make it hard to put the book down. At the same time, that readable structure also means it can be difficult to look up a company, filmmaker, or film title later without using the index to find the spot where you read about Bill Deneen narrating a film with a Japanese accent or which company shot The Secret Sharer. Alexander at times cannot document which films were made by whom because many companies left credits out of their films. Production dates were often left off films so that they would not be perceived as dated when they were kept in circulation for many years. Countering these gaps, Alexander provides three useful appendixes, which list films available online, industry milestones by decade, and dates when filmmakers passed away. Alexander's website also provides a wealth of resources beyond the book, along with links to films available online.5 In many respects, Alexander's is fundamentally a reference text—one that is indispensable given its detailed behind-the-scenes information on this history of academic films. Though the book thankfully avoids dry paragraphs listing film output and dates, company filmographies and a union catalog of archives with academic film holdings would be a welcome addition to the appendix section. The value of Academic Films for the Classroom: A History lies in Alexander's archaeological survey of academic film history, particularly his interlacing of data with both personal and industrial stories. Alexander's most important contribution is his call to scholars and archivists to document holdings of these films and to interview those academic filmmakers still living: they aren't getting any younger, and their stories have barely been touched. The impact of these films on at least two generations of students, on our culture and educational practices, is almost incalculable at this point, but scholars can remedy this by taking Alexander's call to research seriously. This is an untapped field and ripe for study, and Alexander gives us everything we need to go forward. Notes 1. Ken Smith, Mental Hygiene: Classroom Films, 1945–1970 (New York: Blast Books, 1999). 2. A. P. Hollis, Motion Pictures for Instruction (New York: Century, 1926). 3. Ben D. Wood, Motion Pictures in the Classroom: An Experiment to Measure the Value of Motion Pictures as Supplementary Aids in Regular Classroom Instruction (New York: Houghton Mifflin, 1929). 4. Geoff Alexander, "An Academic Perspective: The Life and Films of John Barnes," The Moving Image 2, no. 2 (2002): 41–72. 5. http://www.afana.org/.


Since the beginning of the twentieth century, with the discovery of the spirochetal cause of syphilis, there has been evidence for the role of infectious agents in neuropsychiatric disorders. Organisms known to cause neuropsychiatric symptoms include the spirochetes Borrelia, Treponema and Leptospira, which can invade a patient's central nervous system. The role of Treponema pallidum in neurosyphilis was first documented in the early 1900's, while the neuropsychiatric aspects of Lyme disease (caused by Borrelia burgdorferi) were not discovered until much later, in the early 1960's and 1970's. Other organisms known to cause neurologic and psychiatric complications are viral, such as the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV, the causative agent of AIDS) and certain strains of influenza. In addition, there is evidence that numerous other viruses, such as rabies, rubella, Epstein-Barr virus, and other herpes viruses play a role in these types of disorders. This paper examines several infectious agents that are believed to cause neurologic or psychiatric problems and the current research that is being done in these areas. It also reviews some of the current research on chronic fatigue syndrome, a neuropsychiatric disorder for which the causative agent is yet unclear, and examines the possibility of an infectious etiology.


The present invention discloses a kind of cross-domain protection method and system for interworking. Wherein, the method comprising: interconnecting the nodes on the working path between the first cross-domain and second domain identification information of the second transmit a second domain to the first node of the first domain, wherein the first and second domains each other an adjacent domain; second domain when a link failure occurs, the backup node interconnected between the first and second domain of the reception of the fault status information sent by the node, wherein the first fault status information carries the second identification information; backup network activating a second node of the second protection path according to the second domain identification information, and uses the first path and the second protection domain protection path of cross-domain service transmission. By the present invention, it can be achieved to ensure the independence of each protection domain to achieve the effect of the cross-domain protection interoperability.


Although the encyclicals and episcopal documents of Catholic social teaching remain fairly theoretical and address concrete social issues on a general level, the implications of these texts must be lived out to be fully understood. Students of Catholic social teaching require spaces and communities in which they can 'test out' concepts such as the common good and the preferential option for the poor for the sake of their own formation and in service to the Church and the world. The Catholic Worker, an anarchist lay movement primarily based in urban centers of the United States, has historically provided a setting for young people and students to reflect on and practice living out the ideals of Catholic social teaching; Worker communities are in this way informal schools of the Catholic social tradition. The following article engages the concept of solidarity as envisioned by Pope John Paul II in Sollicitudo Rei Socialis and by Pope Francis in Evangelii Gaudium and addresses how participation in the work of hospitality and peacemaking in the Catholic Worker movement can deepen students' understanding of CST and build upon the magisterial tradition.


Objective:To improve existing preimplantation genetic diagnosis fixation techniques in order to eliminate the possibility of losing a cell during fixation and simplify the process of fixation of blastomere for preimplatation genetic diagnosis.Methods:Use three fixation techniques for 96 human blastomere of abandoned embryo in in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer cycle. Fluorescence in situ hybridization was accomplished after fixation using chromosome X and Y probes,and then analyzed fluorescent signals.Results:The improved fixation technique resulted in 100%fixation and 100% adequate FISH signals.Two conventional technique resulted in 90% and 83.3%fixation,and in adequate FISH signals in 80% and 73.3% respectively. Conclusion: This newly improved fixation technique essentially eliminates the possibility of losing a cell during fixation and simplifies the process of fixation of blastomere for preimplatation genetic diagnosis.


PEABr and BABr are introduced as surface passivators for MAPbBr3 microwire to not only effectively passivate defects, but also provide resistance towards moisture. Devices exhibit higher optoelectronic performance, suppressed ion migration and improved stability for >21 days.


Heart failure (HF) continues to be a highly prevalent disease, affecting 1–2% of the population in developed countries, therefore constitutes a health problem due to its high cost. Despite the progress made in drug treatment and implantation devices, the prognosis is poor. About 5% of patients diagnosed with heart failure are in advanced stage or stage D. Heart transplantation (HT) has become the preferred treatment for this high-risk group in the past 30 years. Unfortunately, in addition to the limitation of the current shortage of donors, there is only a limited number of patients meet the appropriate age and with the absence of comorbidities necessary to access this treatment. Due to this and the long waiting lists worldwide, the development and use of ventricular assist devices (VAD) are increasing. In view of the quality of life of patients with this serious disease, these devices improve the short-term and long-term survival rate and gradually reduce the complication rate. These benefits not only provide a choice for patients waiting for HT, but also give those with reversible contraindications the time and opportunity to become suitable candidates or, if impossible, eventually use it as a target treatment. However, these devices have many limitations: their cost, durability, incidence of complications and their limited application. Technological advances in mitigating complications, increased experience in management centers and their promotion to reduce costs are strategies that will continue to strengthen the use of VAD in patients with advanced heart failure.


Irradiated water and the headspace above it has been analysed using a novel hydrogen-specific electronic sensor, calibrated with standard hydrogen dilutions. The results demonstrate that this detector is well capable of distinguishing between irradiated and non-irradiated water through the quantitative determination of the hydrogen generated during irradiation. This hydrogen diffuses away within 12 h if the water is left in an open vessel. The potential application of the detector for monitoring irradiated food is therefore limited to packaged or solid foods which retain the characteristic hydrogen marker.


Objective:To discuss the relation between infection with CT and sequela of PID.Methods:Cervical secretion of CT 167 patients with sequela of PID were tested by antigen and antibody experiment to prove CT,simultaneously,as controlled group samples from 56 early pregnancy and induced abortion women.Results:A significant difference was observed between the group with CT in cervical and the controlled group in TFI,fallopian tube fertility and chronic pelvic pain.Conclusion:The infection with CT is one of the important causes of PID,there is significant relationship between the incidence of PID outbreaking and its further sequela,such as TFI,ectopic pregnancy,chronic pelvic pain and repeated outbreaking PID. To reduce the incidence PID outbreaking is important to reduce the sequela of PID.


T his paper reports on a convenient and rapid method for the detection of melamine in food samples by lateral fl ow strip technology. The method is based on competitive immunoreaction. The traditional test strip was made much more sensitive by adding an enhancement pad. For the melamine lateral fl ow strip, 25 nm and 15 nm colloidal gold nanoparticles were adopted in the recognition and enhancement pads, respectively. The results showed that detection of melamine in food samples could be achieved in less than 10 min. The limit of detection(LOD) of the enhanced lateral fl ow strip was 0.5 μg/L under our experimental conditions, which showed a 20-fold increase over 10 μg/L for the traditional lateral fl ow strip. This new method was able to detect 0.1–5 μg/L melamine in real samples and the sensitivity was 1 μg/L, indicating a 5-fold increase over that of the traditional one.


Over the past decade, a number of reviews of the alternative care system in South Australia identified various shortcomings in the system. An extensive restructure and outsourcing of alternative care services in the mid 1990s was reported to have done little to rectify the problems. Between 1998 and 2001 the statutory agency, Family and Youth Services, conducted three internal surveys to measure social workers' compliance with a range of practice standards for children and young people in foster care. The authors of this paper obtained the survey reports and, using data extracted from the reports, constructed a picture of the type of social work service provided to children and young people in care. Where variables were directly comparable, the authors conducted secondary data analysis to identify changes in compliance on a number of practice standards over time. It was found that many young people under state protection may not be receiving adequate levels of care. Of particular concern was the high number of cases in which statutory obligations with respect to health, case review and involvement of young people in decision-making were not being met.


Explore the effective way to infiltrate humanity education into the professional curriculum system in higher vocational education is an important means to solve the current trouble of humanity education in higher vocational institute.In the practice teaching process,how to set up humanity education infiltration approach in the professional curriculum development and professional examination is the important gripper to realize humanities quality improvement of students.


The high levels of interleukin 10 (IL‐10) present in chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection have been suggested as responsible for the poor antiviral cellular immune responses found in these patients. To overcome the immunosuppressive effect of IL‐10 on antigen‐presenting cells such as dendritic cells (DCs), we developed peptide inhibitors of IL‐10 to restore DC functions and concomitantly induce efficient antiviral immune responses. Two IL‐10‐binding peptides (p9 and p13) were selected using a phage‐displayed library and their capacity to inhibit IL‐10 was assessed in a bioassay and in STAT‐3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3) phosphorylation experiments in vitro. In cultures of human leukocytes where HCV core protein induces the production of IL‐10, p13 restored the ability of plasmacytoid DC to produce interferon alpha (IFN‐α) after Toll‐like receptor 9 (TLR9) stimulation. Similarly, when myeloid DCs were stimulated with CD40L in the presence of HCV core, p9 enhanced IL‐12 production by inhibiting HCV core‐induced as well as CD40L‐induced IL‐10. Moreover, in vitro, p13 potentiated the effect of maturation stimuli on human and murine DC, increasing their IL‐12 production and stimulatory activity, which resulted in enhanced proliferation and IFN‐γ production by responding T‐cells. Finally, immunization with p13‐treated murine DC induced stronger anti‐HCV T‐cell responses not only in wildtype mice but also in HCV transgenic mice and in mice transiently expressing HCV core in the liver. Conclusion: These results suggest that IL‐10 inhibiting peptides may have important applications to enhance anti‐HCV immune responses by restoring the immunostimulatory capabilities of DC. (HEPATOLOGY 2011.)


The recent political transformation of Nepal from a constitutional monarchy to a federal democratic republic and from a Hindu polity to a secular country has brought about some crucial changes in language planning. The Interim Constitution of Nepal has not only recognized the multilingual and multicultural reality of the country but has also enshrined a historic legal provision by guaranteeing basic education in one's first language. To translate this provision into practice, the Ministry of Education (MOE) has already piloted a first-language-based multilingual education (MLE) program and has prepared a national framework to implement the program as an integral part of the national education system. As per the policy, non-Nepali speaking children are taught in their first languages up to Grade 3 while simultaneously studying Nepali and English as subjects. At the same time, the MOE has given greater emphasis to English by allowing private and community-managed schools to introduce English as the medium of instruction and English as a subject from the early grades. That practice contradicts the MOE's most recent MLE policy for non-Nepali speaking children at the primary level. This article discusses the various contradictions and tries to unpack the motives behind present language planning for Nepalese primary schools.


The aim of this paper is to define a convergence in measure m, where m is an intuitionistic fuzzy state. We prove a version of weak law of large numbers for a sequence of independent intuitionistic fuzzy observables, too.


The induction and the dispersion components of the exchange polarization energy are calculated for the interaction of two ground-state helium atoms. The calculations are made within the framework of a double perturbation theory with the neglect of all intra-atomic correlation effects. Two zeroth-order operators, the Hartree and the Hartree-Fock are considered, the former yielding much better results than the latter. At the van der Waals minimum the exchange polarization energy is positive and decreases the interaction energy by about 7 per cent. The calculated value of a well depth amounts to 13·4 K, which should be considered as an upper limit because of the neglect of intra-atomic correlation. When approximately corrected for the latter a lower limit of 10·7 K is obtained. It is also shown that over 90 per cent of the exchange dispersion energy can be obtained by using a simplified formula involving only one two-electron integral over a relevant pair function.


common symptom was the passing of blood, pus, or mucus in frequent soft or watery stools. The disease is most often seen in the third decade of life; the average age in Monroe's patients at the onset of symptoms was 30.7 years. Proctoscopic examination showed the rectum to be involved in 82 per cent. of cases, with narrowing of the rectum in eleven instances. X-ray examination showed that the majority of lesions were to be found in


Among numerous modifiable factors that are associated with increased burden of physical disability, several nutrition-related determinants have been identified, such as nutritional risk (i.e., high risk for poor nutritional health) and poor nutritional health (i.e., overweight, unintended weight loss, and low dietary intake) (Ferraro et al., 2002; Sharkey and Haines, 2002). The growing numbers of vulnerable older people in the community disproportionately experience chronic health conditions, poor nutritional health, and functional decline. Chief among the subgroups with heightened vulnerability are women, minorities, the poor and near-poor, and those who are homebound, primarily as a result of illness, impairment, disability, and geographic isolation. However, few researchers have studied homebound older individuals because of special challenges and considerations-identification, recruitment and retention in die studies (e.g., fear and distrust of the researcher, cultural differences between the elder and the researcher, lack of understanding, and inconvenience). Given the limited understanding that exists as to the relationship between nutritional health and physical function among this homebound elders, this paper describes how poor nutritional health in such forms as obesity and low nutrient intakes from food may influence the decline in physical function and increased severity of disability among homebound older men and women. These relationships are especially important for the large pro- portion of particularly vulnerable homebound elders, such as women or racial or ethnic minorities, those who have a low income and limited education, or those who live alone. FUNCTIONAL DECLINE AND DEVELOPMENT OF DISABILITY Physical disability is often characterized by difficulty or inability to independently carry out essential tasks of daily living such as bathing, dressing, walking, shopping for groceries or personal items, preparing meals, cleaning, and housework. The progressive loss of function-development of disability-is often regarded as long-term physiological and functional consequences of chronic health conditions, with the passage through sequential stages of diminished physiological reserve and progressive loss of physical function. The effect of nutritional health and underlying pathology or impairments on physical disability may be through their impact on functional limitations (Sharkey et al., 2003; Sharkey et al., 2004). This effect is of great concern, considering that among a national sample of functionally independent people ages 70-74 years, 19 percent of men and 32 percent of women became disabled in a two-year period (Gill, Williams, and Tinetti, 1995). A STUDY OF HOMEBOUND OLDER ADULTS RECEIVING HOME-DELIVERED MEALS The North Carolina Nutrition and Function Study (NAES) of homebound older adults was a multiple-year collaborative project between the School of Public Health at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and providers of home-delivered meals for Older Americans Act (OAA) Nutrition Program in four North Carolina counties. The objective of the NAFS was to examine the influence of dietary intake and body mass index (BMI) on functional limitations among a probability sample of homebound older men and women who regularly received home-delivered meals. In the NAFS, functional limitation (i.e., lower-extremity physical performance) was assessed in the home using various measures (Guralnik et al., 1994; Gill et al., 1996). Severity of disability in the NAFS was determined by self-reported level of difficulty (from no difficulty to complete dependence) in performing seven self-care tasks that were based on a modified version of the basic Activities of Daily Living (ADL) scale. These include bathing, dressing, personal grooming, transferring from bed to chair, walking across a room, eating, and using the toilet. As in many other studies, disability was defined as reporting a lot of difficulty or reporting being unable to perform the activity without assistance (Simonsick, Kasper, and Phillips, 1998). …


The author dissected the relation between man and arrow by means of Chinese ethical ideology and tradi-tional philosophy.Archery contains such philosophies as unconscious "act absent acts","skill absent skills" and "technique absent techniques",which can cultivate such dialectic capacities of human beings as being perceptive,being selfless,being moderate and being exceeding.Archery is not only a valorous sports means,but also a tradi-tional sports culture that is provided with the functions of humanistic education and closely related to the folk cul-ture,ethical ideology and traditional philosophy of the ancient Chinese society as well as human thinking manners.Philosophies contained in archery can provide a reference for enhancing the performance of archery in China.


This report discusses briefly the major export control provisions that existed under EAA-1979 and the current authorities for regulating exports. It then summarizes the major export control provisions of the proposed EAA-1996 and discusses some aspects of the bill that may be debated in Congress and the press. Highlighted are implications for nonproliferation policy, for national security and foreign policy, and for business; other topics covered are foreign boycott provisions, criminal and civil penalties, and judicial review.


This award was given out in 1996, the year in which the M.Orth. R.C.S.Ed. examination was first held in Hong Kong. A gold medal and certificate were awarded to the candidate who scored the highest overall mark in Part II of the M.Orth. examination. The prize was awarded on the basis that a candidate's performance is of a sufficiently high standard. The clinical aspect of the examination consisted of three parts. The first part involved the presentation of a fully documented fixed appliance case, a multidisciplinary case with full documentation and three condensed case histories. Part two was a diagnostic test of clinical cases examined by the candidate. The final part was an oral examination on any aspect of orthodontics. This case report details the multidisciplinary case and one of the condensed case histories.


The article provides a brief overview of the Quran Interpretation Science ('ilm altafsir) emergence and development; the paper also reveals a brief description (sources, structure, classifi cation) of a Tafsir by an outstanding theologian, a philologist and a representative of Shafi 'i Legal School Nasir al-Din al-Baydhawi, the handwritten lists of which are stored in the Collection of Arabic Manuscripts of G. Ibragimov Institute of Language, Literature and Art; the study proves the fact that the Tafsir was used in the educational process in Tatar Confessional Schools; a translated segment from this essay, given in the article, can easily prove the highly scientifi c character and complexity of the Tafsir text, that comes as an evidence of its author's appropriate education and cognitive abilities. All the above-mentioned indicates the high level of schooling of Tatar Religious Intelligentsia that, in turn, allowed them to study such kind of work, being involved in the world system of Muslim Education.


Pulse-compression technology can be used in radar cross section(RCS)dynamic measurement.Calibration of output amplitude and phase needs a standard signal source.Currently,the foreign synthesized signal sources bought from domestic markets do not satisfy the requirements of calibration.Thus,utilizing the equivalent self-calibrated principle,a calibration system of amplitude and phase required by RCS dynamic radar is developed.Thus,it resolved the problem of calibration of amplitude and phase.


This study aims to improve the interaction of students with Special Educational Needs (Nees), withthe environment, providing their involvement in recreational activities in order to improve their relation with the environment around them. The project was developed at the Municipal School ofSpecial Education Snow White - APAE Erechim / RS from August 2009 to July 2011. We used thetrails as a basic instrument to promote a process of learning and awareness on issues related toenvironment and conservation of natural areas linked to social inclusion. Also sought to createopportunities to experience nature in a better cognitive development. Along the trail self-guided,were focused on different biotic and abiotic factors and their interrelationships in the ecosystem,highlighting the importance of Araucaria forest and riparian vegetation to protect the existingstream in the area. The activities were held in small groups, distributed according to the mentalage of the target audience, and organized with concrete materials. The records of these activities,individuals Nees were in the form of: drawings, paintings, collage, modeling, speaking, singing anddrama. The use of trails as an educational tool for environmental education in APAE Erechim,provided a closer approximation of pupils with Special Educational Needs (Nees) with the naturalenvironment and their own colleagues, thereby contributing to the development of affective andemotional same, allowing the realization of a dynamic environmental education process.Environmental education for a person with some kind of special need have the same goals andshould follow the principles of inclusive education, ie teaching fit the reality of the student,providing him a better understanding of the issues discussed and their relationship with the socialcontext in which they live. You can see that in outdoor activities with the students Nees interactwith the environment in a positive way, because this site are eliminated and the physical barriersof communication. It is concluded that the tracks due to its interdisciplinary nature, allow gainsthe most varied areas of knowledge and it is very important for the formation of students.


The aim of this study is to determine the action of Asiaticoside A against acute and chronic models of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in mice. In this study, we investigated Asiaticoside A against acute and chronic models of EAE in mice. Asiaticoside A treated EAE animals shown reduced progression of the disease in both models. Gene expression studies revealed that the downregulation of IL-6, TNFα, IL-17a and CCL-5 in EAE mice were depending on the extend of treatment. The treatment with asiaticoside could not reverse the downregulation of NCAM1, FOXP3 and BDNF1 levels in EAE mice. Furthermore, histopathological studies revealed that the treatment with Asiaticoside A can able to control the demyelination, infiltrations and cellular changes in brain of EAE mice. Asiaticoside A delayed the EAE progression through the inhibition of inflammatory cytokines and chemokine and not by any other mechanisms of remyelination. The anti-inflammatory effect of this compound provides an alternative therapeutic management in multiple sclerosis.


Objective To investigate the risk factors and therapy effection for different recurrent stage after resection of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).Methods 110 cases receiving radical resection of HCC confirmed by pathology were analyzed retrospectivly to review the clinical characteristics,pathological features and treatment.Results(1)Recurrence was occurred in 58 cases of the group(52.7%),of which 27 cases had recent recurrence(≤12 months),31 had the late recurrence(12 months).Multivariate COX regression analysis showed the portal vein tumor thrombus was the only risk factor for the recent recurrence,while liver tissue HBVDNA content and surgical margins were significant risk factors for late recurrence.(2)The most recent recurrence was multiple lesions(62.9%),the late recurrence in majority cases was single lesion(64.5%),there was significant difference between the two groups(P0.05).(3)The overall 3-and 5-year survival rates were markedly lower after the recent recurrence(37.1%,15.4%) than those after the late recurrence(76.5%,33.2%)(P0.01).(4)The treatment of recurrent cases included re-resection,interventional therapy(TACE,PEI,microwave,etc).The survival rate of the reoperative group was significantly greater than that of the interventional group(P0.05).Conclusions The risk factors for different recurrent stage are different.Selecting the proper treatment according to high risk factors may significantly prolong the time of recurrence and survival.Late recurrence in most cases is single lesion,and a better efficacy can be achieved by surgical resection for them.


A collection of 96 miniature sound collages (many are only a few seconds long) arranged into five sections, three of which constitute "The Death of Analogies." Includes list of tracks.


Over the past years, some progress has been made in professional tests in China, but some problems still exist in practice: lack of local tests suitable for professional tests in China; lack of norms for accepting the quality of test instruments; improvement of the qualities of those who use professional test instruments; and intensification of the popularity of professional tests. For solutions to these problems, work ought to be done to normalize and standardize test instruments, choose test instruments according to examinees, improve the quality of test workers and attach importance to culture shock when importing test instruments.


Vitamin D is essential to maintain bone health, playing a key role in calcium absorption and bone mineralization (1). In addition, it may confer protection against type 1 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, multiple sclerosis and cancer (2). As stores of vitamin D in newborns are reliant on maternal vitamin D status, vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy leads to infant vitamin D deficiency and thus to increased risk of diseases, especially rickets (3). Moreover, because vitamin D can regulate placental development and function, maternal vitamin D deficiency is associated with adverse outcomes of pregnancy, such as miscarriage, preterm birth and preeclampsia (4). Given the importance of vitamin D, the aim of this study is to investigate vitamin D levels of pregnant women in southeast China. One hundred and fifty-two pregnant women of Han race who visited the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University for routine medical checkup for pregnancy agreed to participate in this study. The study population aged 19–41 years (mean ± SD, 27.4 ± 4.15). Samples were collected at 24–28 weeks of gestation. Half of the samples were collected in winter, and the other half were collected in summer. All the participants were urban residents at Nanjing (latitude 31 N, longitude 118 E) in southeast China. Patients with chronic renal failure, liver diseases or therapy with vitamin D were strictly excluded from this study. The hospital's ethics committee approved this study. And informed written consent was obtained from each subject. Daily intake of dietary vitamin D was calculated from a food-frequency questionnaire. Daily sun exposure was assessed by taking a detailed history of the daily routine including the time of outdoor activities and the type of clothing worn. Sunshine exposure was calculated as hours of exposure ⁄ day · percentage of body surface area exposed. Blood was collected in the fasting condition, and sera were immediately isolated by centrifugation and stored at )70 C for future analysis. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] level was measured by using a commercial enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit (IDS, Boldon, UK). The ELISA was performed according to the manufacturer's protocol and all samples were assayed in triplicate. The ELISA could detect 25(OH)D in the range of 2–152 ng ⁄ mL. And the inter-assay and intra-assay coefficient of variation was 10% and 8%, respectively. For our analysis, we classified the vitamin D status into three groups: vitamin D deficiency [25(OH)D < 10 ng ⁄ mL], vitamin D insufficiency [25(OH)D 10–20 ng ⁄ mL] and vitamin D sufficiency [25(OH)D > 20 ng ⁄ mL]. Difference between the two groups was analysed by unpaired t-test. The significance level was set to <0.05. Data were analysed using SPSS, version 13.0 (SPSS Inc, Chicago, IL, USA). No difference between summer and winter groups was observed in age, body mass index and daily vitamin D intake. However, sun exposure was significant lower in winter group than in summer group (p < 0.01) (Table 1). Mean 25(OH)D concentrations of 152 pregnant women were 10.9 ± 4.78 ng ⁄ mL. The seasonal distribution of serum 25(OH)D levels were shown in Figure 1. Mean serum 25(OH)D level in winter (9.07 ± 5.07 ng ⁄ mL) was Acta Pædiatrica ISSN 0803–5253


The present paper is focused on the preparation of hybrid membranes with amide receptor (1, 2) as fixed site complexants for anions (Cl-, PO4 3—), designed to be applied in ultrafiltration. The amide derivatives, (1, 2), which are synthetically obtainable on a multigram scale and could efficiently and selectively bind inorganic anions were solvent cast from N methyl pyrrolidone solution (0.1 1 % wt receptor) onto a polysulfone support (15%wt). PEG200 has been used as additive (1%wt) to increase both pore sizes and water permeation through polysulfone membranes. The thin layer composite membranes (UF1-UF12, PS, PS-PEG1), have asymmetric structures with a thin film (3 8 μm) deposited on a porous support of 45 262 μm thickness. The active layer is uniforme with micropores of diameters ranging from 0.1 to 0.4 μm. The membranes were structurally characterized by IR spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The filtration tests, carried out on a membrane-system laboratory unit (CELFA P28) showed that the UF1-UF12 membranes could be applied for different species separation from aqueous systems through ultrafiltration process and they are selective toward inorganic anions: PO4 3->>Cl-.


There s an empirical evidence that childhood trauma affect the occurrence of mental health problems later in life. The aim of this descriptive study is to out of psychosocial background and personality structure illuminate a group of young men (18-24 years) convicted for violence- and sexual crimes and to identify systematic differences in occurrence of traumatizing experiences during growth between the group of personality disorders and not personality disorders.
This study is a part of an extensive cross-sectional study within Vo Forensic Psychiatry, Region Skane and the Research Group Forensic Psychiatry, Lund University in cooperation with Correctional treatment Region West and Gothenburg University.
The study includes 75 intakes on institutions in the south of Sweden convicted for violence and sexual crimes.
Besides the fact that drug-abuse is very frequent, the results also show that a majority (84%) has a childhood related disorder, almost fifty percent has an axel 1 disorder (depression-and anxiety syndrome) and a majority (68%) has a personality disorder primary of an antisocial character.
Regarding the results of CTQ it s significant that the group has been exposed to physical abuse as well as emotional and physical neglect.
On TCI it s foremost the low score on the subscale Reward Dependence that is conspicuously, which indicates resistance to change and therefore can be aggravating in treatment.
The study also has an attempt to look further into the concept of childhood-adulthood normbreaking behaviour as this has shown to be a gateway to criminality.


ABSTRACT: Staphylococcus spp. plays a significant role in the etiology of bovine mastitis. Staphylococcus aureus is considered the most important species due to the high prevalence and the difficulty of in vivo treatment that is related to the expression of virulence factors and biofilm formation. This study aimed to detect the phenotypic expression of the biofilm formation in 20 S. aureus isolated from bovine mastitis and to evaluate the expression and regulation of genes involved in its production. MALDI-TOF and phenogenotypic identification assays were performed to characterize the isolates. The phenotypic biofilm production and the presence of icaA and icaD and bap genes were evaluated. The Agr system was typified (agr I, agr II, agr III and agr IV) and its regulator (agr RNAIII) was detected. Furtherly, Real-time PCR (qPCR) was performed at chosen times to quantify the expression of icaA, icaD and hld genes in three selected isolates. All 20 strains were biofilm producers and most presented icaA and icaD genes. Only one isolate presented the bap gene. The agr gene type II showed a prevalence of 70%. Transcriptional analysis revealed increased expression of ica genes at eight hours of growth. These results confirm that polysaccharides production mediated by the icaADBC operon genes is an essential mechanism to the biofilm formation and contributes to the early stages of bacterial growth.


The main weed species to damage the lawn are 29 species,14 families and the composite and grass family occupies 8 and 5 species respectively in Guiyang.Trifolium repens L.is an important weed to damage the golf course(429 leavies/m2).The superiority weeds to damage the lawn are Trifolium repens L.,Artemisia argyi Levl.et Vant.,Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides Lam.var.and Oxalis corymbosa DC..


The results of a PN survey of M31's bulge are reported. A total of 429 PNs were detected, of which 104 are members of a statistically complete and homogeneous sample covering the top 2.5 mag of the PN luminosity function (PNLF). It is shown that the PNLF is not a power law, but instead has a sharp turnover. This behavior is most easily explained as arising from a sharp cutoff in the upper mass limit of PN central stars in combination with extremely rapid evolutionary time scales for more massive candidate progenitors. Analysis of the PN spatial distribution shows that the density of PN per unit luminosity is about the same in M31's bulge and disk, and the implied stellar death rate is in good agreement with theoretical estimates. Finally, a foundation for using the distinctive shape of the PNLF and the invariance of the luminosity-specific PN number density is laid by deriving two maximum likelihood equations. 77 refs.


In this article, we study the modulation of intensity matrices arising in cancer radiation therapy using multileaf collimators. This problem can be formulated by decomposing a given m × n integer matrix into a positive linear combination of (0, 1) matrices with the strict consecutive 1's property in rows. We consider a special case in which no technical constraints have to be taken into account. In this situation, the rows of the intensity matrix are independent of each other and the problem is equivalent to decomposing m intensity rows—independent of each other—into positive linear combinations of (0, 1) rows with the consecutive 1's property. We demonstrate that this problem can be transformed into a minimum cost flow problem in a directed network that has the following special structures: (1) the network is acyclic; (2) it is a complete graph (that is, there is an arc (i, j) whenever i < j); (3) each arc cost is 1; and (4) each arc is uncapacitated (that is, it has infinite capacity). We show that using this special structure, the minimum cost flow problem can be solved in O(n) time. Because we need to solve m such problems, the total running time of our algorithm is O(nm), which is an optimal algorithm to decompose a given m × n integer matrix into a positive linear combination of (0, 1) matrices. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. NETWORKS, Vol. 45(1), 36–41 2005


This article presents different definitions of service quality and the quality characteristics of education services (the teaching method of subjects matters used by teachers, teachers' professional qualification, teachers' interest, the type of information conveyed by teachers, the communications between teachers and students and the education institution's technical-material ground). Moreover, this paper contains an assessment model of education services quality and an application for a better understanding of its workability.


Indian media is one of the most respected media in the world. It has respect among the journalist all over the world because of its authenticity, ethics and following media laws. But in recent days we all are experiencing a difficult phase for Indian media and media persons. They are being attacked and it appears as if it is an action to suppress the truth and freedom of press. Indian media is becoming a soft target for some hardliners, fundamentalist and some anti-national people. Even some global media groups are taking advantage out of it and strategizing to steal the shine of Indian media. Now it is the need of the time to review Indian media laws and introduce new laws according to the changing landscape.


In this paper,the improvement of DVB-C2 based on DVB-C is introduced and the system characteristics of DVB-C2 are summarized.DVB-C2 is the second generation of European cable DTV,which applies advanced technologies like OFDM,LDPC and a two-dimensional interleaving technique in both frequency and time domain.With a high degree of flexibility and spectrum efficiency,this new DVB transmission system will extend the service function of broadcasting networks immensely.


This study aims to determine and compare the results of the syngas volume generated from variations in mixing of galam wood powder and bentonite catalyst coal. This research was carried out by mixing galam wood powder and coal with a mass of 200g which was given a bentonite catalyst. There were 4 variations of mixing ingredients namely 200g galam wood powder and 0g coal, 180g galam wood powder and 20g coal, 140g galam wood powder and 60g coal, 100g galam wood powder and 100g coal which added 50%, 30% and 10% bentonite catalysts from the mass of material in each variation of the temperature. Material in updraft gasification with a temperature of 500oC for 120 minutes or 2 hours. The results showed that variations with a mixture of 200g of galam wood powder and 0g coal were the ones that produced the most syngas. This was due to the density of galam wood powder which was more tenuous so it was more flammable at temperatures up to 500oC. The amount of bentonite catalyst addition also affects the volume of syngas produced, where the more addition of bentonite catalysts the more syngas volume is produced, this is because bentonite contains Al2O3 which has good heat conductivity so the heating rate is faster, due to the heating rate faster makes the syngas volume produced more for 120 minutes when gasification.


Given a finite skew brace $A$ we introduce a common divisor graph $\Gamma(A)$ associated with the $\lambda$-orbits of $A$. We prove a bound on the diameter and on the number of connected components and we classify skew braces whose graph has only one vertex.


We have examined in detail the optical properties of InGaN quantum wells (QWs) grown on pyramidal GaN mesas prepared by lateral epitaxial overgrowth (LEO) in a metalorganic chemical vapor deposition system that resulted in QWs on {1-101} facets. The effects of In migration during growth on the resulting QW thickness and composition were examined with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and various cathodoluminescence (CL) imaging techniques, including CL wavelength imaging and activation energy imaging. Spatial variations in the luminescence efficiency, QW interband transition energy, thermal activation energy, and exciton binding energy were probed at various temperatures. Cross-sectional TEM was used to examine thickness variations of the InGaN/GaN QW grown on a pyramidal mesa. CL imaging revealed a marked improvement in the homogeneity of CL emission of the LEO sample relative to a reference sample for a conventionally grown In0.15Ga0.85N/GaN QW. The characteristic phase separation that resulted in ...


This chapter reviews the nature of bipartite nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) regulatory pathways activated in response to monokines produced as a consequence of viral infection, and those involved in mediating RNA viral infection. The chapter discusses work using mRNA profiling studies to determine the genetic networks downstream of NF-κB in response to monokines and RNA virus replication. Inhibition of reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation blocks Ser-276 phosphorylation and NF-κB-dependent gene expression without affecting NF-κB translocation. It was also found that RelA Ser-276 phosphorylation allows complex formation with the cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK)-9/Ccn T1, known as positive transcription elongation factor-b (PTEF-b). Reovirus is a segmented double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) virus that induces cellular apoptosis in an NF-κB-dependent manner. In a study, the tTA-IκB-α Mut cell system was exposed to reovirus for various times from 0 to 10 h in the presence or absence of functional NF-κB signaling. The major pathways are now understood to be composed of bipartite signaling modules whose actions affect nuclear translocation and, separately, transcription factor activation. The chapter also reviews systematic approaches to understanding the signaling pathway, including proteomics, mathematical modeling, real-time imaging, and gene network analyses.


Acoustic factor in building is one of main factor in room design . this consist of listening and communication between room user. Special building like Opera House, Cinema, meeting room need a special treatment in sound positioning. A distorsion noise will created a bad sound for listener in a room. This conditions call a devective acousting (cacat akustik). For building with this problem need a redesign for a better sound. Redesign need to think for quality of building materials, typology of structure and design. Sultan Suriansyah building the biggest hall in Kalimantan selatan have a problem with this acoustic.  This problem created because of unstable sound diffraction on floor, wall and top side of the building .


Foreword - Christian J Faltis Introduction - Hersholt C Waxman Reversing the Cycle of Educational Failure for Students in At-Risk School Environments PART ONE: CONCEPTUAL AND THEORETICAL ISSUES Philosophical and Conceptual Issues Related to Students At Risk - Paul F Bitting, Paula A Cordiero and H Prentice Baptiste Jr Marginality, Community, and the Responsibility of Educators for Students Who Do Not Succeed in School - Robert L Sinclair and Ward J Ghory The Dropout Issue and School Reform - Ray Garcia and Judith Walker de Felix PART TWO: ISSUES CONFRONTING AT-RISK STUDENTS Linguistically and Culturally Diverse Children - Eugene E Garcia Effective Instructional Practices and Related Policy Issues Learning Technology Contexts for At-Risk Children - Richard T Johnson Learning Differences Among At-Risk Minority Students - Olivia N Saracho and Cynthia Koren Gerstl PART THREE: LEADERSHIP AND TRAINING PROGRAMS FOR EDUCATIONAL IMPROVEMENT Leadership that Promotes Instability - Eugene E Eubanks and Ralph Parish A Hope for At-Risk Students Thinking Differently About Leadership Development in a Culturally Plural Society - A Reynaldo Contreras Multicultural Teacher Education - Marilynne Boyle-Baise and Carl A Grant A Proposal for Change PART FOUR: EFFECTIVE PROGRAMS FOR STUDENTS IN AT-RISK SCHOOL ENVIRONMENTS Toward a Model of Elementary Grades - Samuel C Stringfield and Nancy Yoder Instructional Programs that Improve the Reading Comprehension of Students At Risk - Yolanda N Padron Implementation of an Urban School-Within-A-School Approach - Daniel U Levine Accelerated Schools for Students in At-Risk Situations - Jane McCarthy and Henry M Levin Conclusion - Judith Walker de Felix, H Prentice Baptiste Jr and James E Anderson Future Directons for Educating Students At Risk


Purpose: There were no published data regarding the clinical efficacy and safety of endothelial progenitor cell capture-stents (EPC-S) compared with 1st generation (sirolimus-eluting stent, SES and paclitaxel-eluting stent, PES) and 2nd generation (zotarolimus-eluting stent, ZES and everolimus-eluting stent, EES and zotarolimus-eluting stent with biolinx polymer, ZES-BP) drug-eluting stents (DES) following primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). We evaluated the one-year outcome of EPC capture-stents vs 5 types DES (ZES-BP, EES, ZES, SES and PES) for the primary PCI.

Methods: A prospective, open-labeled, multi-center cohort was performed. The primary endpoint was major adverse cardiac event (MACE): the composite of cardiac death (CD), recurrent MI and ischemia-driven target vessel revascularization (TVR). Stent thrombosis (ST) was defined by ARC.

Results: Total 1055 patients (EPC-S=80, ZES-BP=178, EES=197, ZES=203, SES=203, PES=194) who were completed more than 1 year were analyzed. 1 year MACE were 6.3%, 3.4%, 2.0%, 5.9%, 3.4% and 5.7% in EPC-S, ZES-BP, EES, ZES, SES and PES group (p=ns). Cardiac death were 5.0%, 1.0%, 2.5%, 1.5% and 1.0%, respectively (p=ns). ST were 0%, 0%, 2.0%, 2.0% and 2.0% (p=ns).

View this table:

Clinical outcomes at 12 months

Conclusions: Campared with 1st and 2nd generation DES (SES, PES, ZES, EES and ZES-BP), EPC-S showed similar one-year clinical outcomes in terms of MACE in patients with STEMI following primary PCI.


Phytic acid in its phytate form has been shadowed over the years as being advantageous or vice-versa. At one hand, where it is extremely helpful in several ways, its major drawback of being a chelating agent cannot be overlooked. Quantity of nutrients delivered by any eatable is what defines its beneficial quality. The pro-and-cons of phytic acid are essential to understand in order to develop the quality of a grain, food and vegetable.


The horizontal opening of vertical fractures during emplacement of pegmatite-dyke swarms is an important mid-crustal mechanism of large-scale horizontal extension. This is documented in the south-western Grenville Province, a deeply eroded part of the collisional Grenville orogen. In the Georgian Bay region of central Ontario, Grenville gneisses host c. 990 Ma old, angular dykes which attest not only to horizontal extension but also to vertical thinning. The original dilation dykes probably varied in strike and were statistically vertical. However, many dykes had subhorizontal or inclined segments that were oblique or quasi-concordant to the gneissic foliation in the host rocks. The number of dykes exposed per 0.25 km2 varies on the scale of a few kilometres, and this is indicative of heterogeneous late orogenic extension of the Grenville gneisses. The apparent absence of regional gradients of peak palaeo-pressure, at the present erosion level, suggests that the extension was horizontal and initially unaccompanied by vertical contraction of the host gneisses. Subsequent buckling of the pegmatite dykes led to gentle, open or close folds with vertical enveloping surfaces. The geometric effects of gentle buckling of pegmatite dykes can be difficult to recognize in the field, especially where the late-stage vertical thinning is relatively weak. Among the geometric indicators of buckle-shortened dykes, the characteristic deflection ('fanning') of coplanar, inherited folia in gneissic host rocks is most sensitive. Systematic changes in the local degree of vertical shortening are indicative of heterogeneous vertical thinning, and may be associated with pull-apart structures at the horizontal scale of several kilometres.


The island-arc crustal growth rate (IACGR) is the island-arc magma production volume per 1 km width along the arc strike within one million years, and its variations are highly related to slab dehydration and mantle wedge melting. A novel method that includes Earth density modeling, gravity forward and inversion, and arc crustal growth thickness integration is designed to estimate the IACGR. This method can not only estimate the IACGR along the entire arc length but also assess the crustal growth of both remnant and active arcs. Therefore, the estimation result has high coverage and low uncertainty. Here, the Izu-Bonin-Mariana (IBM) subduction zone is taken as a case study region. The estimated time-averaged IACGR along the IBM arc changes between 16 and 59 km3 km−1 Myr−1, with a mean value of 40 km3 km−1 Myr−1, and this result matches the findings of previous studies well. The uncertainties due to crustal thickness inversion are relatively larger than those from flow line reconstruction. The rate results of the Mariana part have lower uncertainties than those of the Izu-Bonin parts since the arc boundaries can be delineated more accurately. The IACGR of the region where a plateau approaches the trench tends to be overestimated because the collision of the plateau with the island arc thickens the island arc crust and bias the uniform preexisting crustal thickness assumption.


As British Columbia's economy is increasingly shaped by post-industrial circumstances, it becomes necessary for that province, like others in Canada, to ensure that it has an adequate supply of workers with "new economy" knowledge and skills. How best to prepare people for "inter- mediate" skill work, requiring less than a university degree but more than secondary schooling, is the focus of this paper. An explanation of the need for different skills is followed by an analysis of recent interme- diate skill development policy and practice in B.C. That analysis draws particular attention to the roles of public and private training providers and concludes that these roles have been more overlapping than comple- mentary. The paper concludes with the presentation of five policy choices for government and the higher education community to consider as they address new labour force needs in a context of funding con- straints and changing social policy priorities. The need to design and develop a much more sophisticated, policy-oriented information base on intermediate skill development is presented as a major recommendation for follow up action.


Reducing the pollution concentration level is currently the most important in environment. Pollution are in several forms nearly each natural thing is currently suffering from the term pollution. At present earth is currently in danger level which consists of land, water, air. Nowadays everyone has changed their lifestyle but changes as not made environment any changes because it has exceeded the air pollution. Therefore there should be an innovative to reduce the concentration of air pollution. In this method the air is being monitored and purified by passing air into many purification filter stages depending on the air concentration levels. This method consumes less power and it is portable device.


Based on a nondestructive evaluation (NDE) system, a methodology is described to develop a strength-grading method for wood utility poles. Considerations are given for both economics and engineering design aspects. The proposed NDE-based grading system is calibrated to provide at least the same production economic benefit and structural reliability as currently exist with visually graded poles. However, even with these limitations, an additional reliability and hence an additional economic benefit is derived by enabling a better matching of pole strength with specific design loads. Use of currently rejected poles is possible with the proposed method. The proposed grading system retains the size classification concept currently used by the American National Standard Institute, but would upgrade or downgrade individual poles according to their NDE-predicted strengths. Five strength grades are proposed that are calibrated to recently obtained bending strength data for transmission-size Douglas fir poles.


Background and Aims: Atorvastatin calcium (ATC) is classified as class II (low solubility and high permeability) drug according to the biopharmaceutical classification system (BCS) and its absolute bioavailability is ~12%. The amorphous form of ATC possesses higher solubility and dissolution rate than crystalline form. The amorphous form of ATC was prepared using different methods, such as antisolvent precipitation and spray drying process, melt quenching, supercritical antisolvent process. Coamorphous drug system is a method to prepare amorphous form of drugs. These systems are formed via strong hydrogen bond between drug and the coformer. In this study, coamorphous form of ATC and nicotinamide (NIC) was synthesized to improve intrinsic dissolution rate, kinetic and thermodynamic solubility values and of ATC. Methods: Coamorphous ATC-NIC was prepared using solvent evaporation method. 0.1 mmol of ATC and 0.1 mmol of NIC were dissolved in 10 ml methanol and then the solvent was evaporated at 30 C. The characteristics of the synthesized coamorphous were evaluated using DSC, FT-IR and XRD. The intrinsic dissolution rate, kinetic and thermodynamic solubility values of synthesized coamorphous were determined and compared with those of crystalline ATC. Results: The results of FT-IR, DSC and XRD indicated that the crystalline form of ATC was converted to coamorphous form and the intrinsic dissolution, thermodynamic kinetic solubility of synthesized coamorphous is higher than crystalline form. The solution stability of the synthesized coamorphous is longer than the reported amorphous ATC in the literature. Conclusions: The prepared coamorphous system improves the physicochemical properties of ATC i.e. intrinsic dissolution rate, thermodynamic, kinetic solubility and it has higher solution stability. In addition, this method is simple and rapid to convert ATC crystalline to coamorphous form.


Temperature and current are two major parameters that impact electromigration reliability. Due to the large current used in the accelerated electromigration test, the Joule self-heating associated with the stress current can be significant. The paper presents a study of electromigration fails in Pb-free interconnect from the point of view of localized Joule heating. The Joule heating effect in two types of packages, a fully assembled flip chip module with standard C4s and a silicon to silicon assembly with microbumps, is considered. A thermal FEM model is used as a guide to interpret the experimental observations.


The assignment objectives at designing an sensible authentication machine based totally on fingerprint technological know-how in the examination centers. The proposed system makes use of finger print module for authentication system and motors are used for opening or closing of the gate. The system also helps digital camera primarily based image capturing approach when any wrong finger print used to be detected, the photos are sent to the predefined e mail using Wi-Fi and the buzzer beeps.


Measurements of angle-resolved delayed electroluminescence in the setting of triplet-triplet fusion use singlet excitons to study the kinetics of nonemissive triplets.


The aim of the research is to study the influence of chronic cytomegalovirus infection (CMVI) on the state of fetoplacental system in women in the second trimester of pregnancy. Doppler-metric study of the blood flow in the uterine arteries and in the umbilical cord artery as well as the study of ultrasound placenta constitution and fetus organs was done in 153 women in the second trimester of gestation with the latent course and reactivation of chronic CMVI against latent chronic herpetic infection and in 40 women with the physiological course of pregnancy. It was found out that among women with the reactivation of chronic CMVI (antibodies of IgM to cytomegalovirus 1:200-1:400, the growth of antibody titer of IgG to cytomegalovirus 1:200-1:800) in pregnant women with the avidity index of IgG to cytomegalovirus 38-50% in comparison with the patients with avidity index of IgG to cytomegalovirus of more than 65-70% there was the increase of the vessel resistance in the uterine arteries with the development of significant echostructural changes of the fetus, which can be caused by earlier infecting and direct virus effect. There is an increase of the frequency of retroplacental hematoma visualization till 23.3% (р


Marx and Engels's writings on Ireland are usually associated with their positive support for Irish nationalism. This article seeks to examine the extent and depth of their knowledge of Ireland, politically and economically, by focusing attention on Marx's analysis of post-famine agricultural readjustment. Comparing the latter's comments in Capitaland elsewhere with actual developments, it is suggested that Marx and Engels's understanding was less than accurate. The source of their misinterpretation lies principally with their inadequate analysis of tenants, agrarian capitalism, and land fever.


temporal resolution. Cine bSSFP MRI uses cardiac gating to evaluate dynamically the brain and spinal cord with high contrast and temporal resolution. Cine bSSFP can be used in the evaluation of idiopathic syringomyelia to assess an underlying treatable cause, including arachnoid bands, which are usually not well visualized with conventional MR sequences due to motion artifact. This MRI technique is also useful in the evaluation of intraspinal and intracranial arachnoid cysts and the degree of mass effect on the cord. Other applications include preoperative and postoperative evaluation of Chiari I malformation and the evaluation of lateral ventricular asymmetry. The major limitation of cine bSSFP is the presence of banding artifacts, which can be reduced by shimming and modifying other scan parameters.


In this position paper, we describe how we document the implementation of scattered concerns by combining intensional descriptions of relations between program elements and their corresponding extensions for a specific version of a program. We show that this strategy allows us to automatically track the source code implementing a concern as it evolves and to assess the stability of a concern's implementation. We illustrate these benefits with results obtained from ongoing empirical studies of the evolution of scattered concerns.


ABSTRACT Asthma and obesity are prevalent disorders, each with a significant public health impact, and a large and growing body of literature suggests an association between the two. The systemic inflammatory milieu in obesity leads to metabolic and cardiovascular complications but this environment alters asthma risk or phenotype is not yet known. Studies that evaluated the effects of leptin and obesity on airway inflammation in response suggest that air way inflammation is enhanced by leptin. Leptin is stimulate a Th1 cytokine profile and suppresses Th2 cytokine production. Whether resistance to the effects of the lung or on immune function is unknown, but such resistance might be expected to polarize to a Th2. The aim of this study is identify effect of leptin to lung mast cell proliferation via shifting Th1/Th2 balance using diet-induced obese mice. Because there are contradictive between leptin immune function in leptin deficient and obese, to understand the effect of leptin in diet-induced obese mice on immune function, lung mast cell proliferation and correlation with IL-4 as represent cytokine Th2 and IL-2 represent cytokine Th1 has been studied.


Studies of intensive mothering suggest that fulfilling societal expectations of the "good mother" diminishes maternal psychological well-being; however, studies tend to focus on young mothers. We examine the association between intensive mothering and psychological well-being using a sample of mothers in midlife (n = 1,388) drawn from the 2004-2006 National Survey of Midlife Development in the United States. Intensive mothering is measured as provision of high levels of emotional support to children, high degree of thought and effort put into these relationships, and reduction of paid work to provide more care. Psychological well-being is measured as depressive symptoms, self-rated mental health, and positive and negative affect. Ordinary least squares regression results are mixed: While providing high levels of emotional support predicts more depressive symptoms, worse self-rated mental health, and higher negative affect, higher investments of thought and effort predict better mental health.


A Kuranishi space is a topological space with a Kuranishi structure, defined by Fukaya and Ono. Kuranishi structures occur naturally on moduli spaces of J-holomorphic curves in symplectic geometry.
Let Y be an orbifold and R a commutative ring or Q-algebra. We define two kinds of Kuranishi homology KH_*(Y;R). The chain complex KC_*(Y;R) defining KH_*(Y;R) is spanned over R by [X,f,G], for X a compact oriented Kuranishi space with corners, f : X --> Y smooth, and G "gauge-fixing data" which makes Aut(X,f,G) finite. Our main result is that these are isomorphic to singular homology. We define Poincare dual Kuranishi cohomology, isomorphic to compactly-supported cohomology.
We define five kinds of Kuranishi (co)bordism spanned by isomorphism classes[X,f] for X a compact oriented Kuranishi space without boundary and f : X --> Y smooth. They are new topological invariants, and we show they are very large. These theories are powerful new tools in symplectic geometry. Defining virtual cycles and chains for moduli spaces of J-holomorphic curves is trivial in Kuranishi (co)homology. There is no need to perturb moduli spaces, and no problems with transversality. This gives major simplifications in Lagrangian Floer cohomology.
We define new Gromov-Witten type invariants in Kuranishi bordism, over Z not Q. We sketch how these may be used to prove the integrality conjecture for Gopakumar-Vafa invariants.
This paper is surveyed in arXiv:0710.5634.


Flue Gases Residual Heat Recovery a good business In 6 months Invested Money will be Pay Back: Scope of paper is to show how economically efficient is flue gases residual heat recovery. The TURBOEXPERT srl Bucharest constructive solutions and experience prove it. We have to underline that counting the economically efficiency is mandatory to be aware that the total cost of investment could be up to twice than the cost of the Recover (heat exchanger) itself due to the auxiliary circuits, measuring devices, mounting, a.s.o.. The TURBOEXPERT heat recovery constructive solutions could be split in three directions, every having an own  were is more suitable to use then others and so results the best economically efficiency. An economic efficiency means the period for  of money invested. Anyway, every solution presented is very effective.