A potential function/stream function formulation is introduced for the solution of the fully 3-D inverse potential 'target pressure' problem. In the companion paper (Part 1) it is seen that the general 3-D inverse problem is ill-posed but accepts as a particular solution elementary streamtubes with orthogonal cross-section. Under this simplification, a novel set of flow equations was derived and discussed. The purpose of the present paper is to present the computational techniques used for the numerical integration of the flow and geometry equations proposed in Part 1. The governing flow equations are discretized with centred finite difference schemes on a staggered grid and solved in their linearized form using the preconditioned GMRES algorithm. The geometry equations which form a set of first-order o.d.e.s are integrated numerically using a second-order-accurate space marching scheme. The resulting computational algorithm is applied to a double turning duct and a 3-D converging-diverging nozzle 'reproduction' test case.


This study aims to find out and analyze the position and function of the National Counter Terrorism Agency (Badan Nasional Penanggulangan Terorisme/BNPT). This type of research is normative legal research. The approach used is the legislative approach, conceptual approach and case approach.The results of the study indicate that the BNPT is a non-ministerial state institution under the President and is responsible to the President. In carrying out its duties and functions, BNPT is coordinated with the Coordinating Minister for Politics, Law and Security. The task and function carried out by BNPT is to counter terrorism in Indonesia by using the soft power main approach (prevention). Through a soft power approach BNPT implements two programs, namely deradicalization and counter radicalization. Both of these programs are based on BNPT's view that reducing radicalism does not always have to use a repressive approach as done by the police in general. Law enforcement must be balanced with preventive measures (prevention) by using a pattern of humanitarian approaches so as not to create a sense of revenge and give birth to a new form of violence.


To comprehensively consider and study the seismic performance of the self-center mortise-tenon segmental pier, its vulnerability under earthquake is evaluated. The reliability of the model is verified by comparing the cyclic pseudo-static test results with the finite element models. The model is used as the basis for vulnerability analysis. Taking the maximum displacement of the pier top as a damage index. Different damage states are described. The damage index limits μcy1, μcy, μc2, and μcmax of different damage levels are determined. The time history analysis of cast-in-place pier and mortise-tenon segmental piers under different earthquake actions is carried out by using finite element software. The probabilistic seismic demand model is established through IDA curves. And the seismic vulnerability analysis is carried out. The influence of various parameters on the seismic vulnerability of mortise-tenon segmental pier is studied by changing the longitudinal reinforcement ratio, axial compression ratio, and aspect ratio. The results show that the seismic vulnerability of the two types of piers designed according to the principle of equivalence is similar under different damage states. It can be considered that it has better seismic performance. The longitudinal reinforcement ratio, axial compression ratio, and aspect ratio have a great impact on the vulnerability of piers.


Gear measuring process is an important part of metalworking practice for high education institutes. It is very important for students to master the gear measuring process using common measuring tools. By the metalworking practice, students can not only insure the quality of their metalworking practice products, but also decrease the energy and materials expenditure and improve metalworking practice efficiency by studying the gear measuring process using common measuring tools.


The purpose of this paper is to generalize the self-duality equation by Tchrakian and Corrigan et. al.. Novel generalized self-duality equations on higher-dimensional spaces are discussed. This class of equations includes the usual self-duality equation for four-dimensional spaces. Some of the generalized self-duality equations over-determine configurations and the existence of solutions is not trivial. Several examples of solutions of the equations are demonstrated. %Application of these solutions in various models is attractive as shown in the case of instanton. As an application of the equations, it is proved that some of those solutions solve the equations of motion derived from rotationally-invariant actions, which consist of single-trace terms and are second-order in the time derivative.


(Continued from p. 1176.) THE " opium question" las in recenit years undergone a marked clhange. Tlhe elief battlefield of opinions lhas been transferred from China to our Inidiaii empire. We hiave lheard and read a great many speeches and reports aE to the disastrous influence of opium on the religious, moral, and physical state, not any more of thle Chinese, but clhiefly of the natives in India. It is liardly necessary to add that all these utterances. coming from certain quarters, presented a striking similarity to each other in certain points: in their aims, their motives, and their feelings, and especially in the results and practical conclusions they are meant to enforce. Considerably less attention, however, lhas been paid to the facts whiclh should have served as the base of so important a discussion. These were few in number, and were taken bodily from one publication into another; and what was worse, it was taken ror granted that certain sad results of the opium trade in China existed to exactly the same extent in India also. It is always more convenient in such cases to affirm boldly and to assume that the facts are already known to everybody than to try to get as large a collection of solid facts as possible. The public at large and those of the medical profession who had no opportunity of forming an opinion from personal experience were thus led to believe two things withi regard to India: First. that the use of opium, being ruinous to the lhealth and wellbeing of the people of India, must be put down; secondly, that the resistance of the Government in this matter must be overcome as being based only on financial considerations. The ruinous effect of opium oin the population of India being assumed as ani undoubted fact, the opinion of numerous intelligent and patriotic persons in India, Englishmen as well natives, was not asked for, nor was their experience made use of. That they hiad opinionas on the subject and were ready and willinig to give their experience is clearly shown by the fact that when we decided to embark on this inquiry, in order to ascertain the views of those who lived amongst and worked for the people in India. answers containing full and interesting information began to pour in. Many of these replies are in reality valuable reports on the whole question, and, coming, as they do, from gentlemen whose time must be fully occupied withi their official duties, are a striking proof of the interest taken in the matter by those who administer our great Empire in the East. We take this opportunity of tendering our thanks to all our correspondents for the trouble they have kindly taken and for the mass of important information they hlave supplied. The replies to our inquiries furnish a most important body of evidence, th1rowing an entirely new light on the opium question as far as it concerns India. This hlas hitherto been discussed almost exclusively from a hsostile point of view by persons without medical knowledge or experience. It is this that makes the replies which we have received, embodying, as they do, the results of observations by scientific methlods, anid the experience of trainedl witnesses, the basis of a strong case for the defence. How aneient the lhabit of using opium is in [ndia is evideint from the fact that already in the sixteentlh century that country was the source of certain kinds of opi umn. "Opium is mentioned by Pyres (1516) as a production of the kingdom of Cous (Kuech Belhar, southi-west of Bhliotan), in Bengal, and of 3alwa."' And we are justified in assuming that where a substance like opium is produced, at least the cultivators and a large number of persoins besides them also use it. " Its introduction into India appears to lhave been connected with the spread of Islam." It may be that the long, rigorous, and fiequent fasting undergone by the followers of the Molhamedan religion necessitated and favoured the use of a drug whlichi, as we shall see later on, is an excellent means of sootlhing the pangs of lhunger. Yet it was not the religion whliclh thie Mussulman conquerors brouglht with them into India that was the first reason of theappearance of the poppy in India, but the countries whence they came: Asia Minor, Persia, were the chief producers of opium from the first beginning of the use of that drug; and it is a well-known fact that even now Turkey produces the best opium, and Persia a considerable quantity of one which compares favourably with tie Malwa opium. Having tlhus introduced opium into India, the Mussulmans and their rulers also inade it a source of income. The Great Mogul monopolised the opium production and trade, and derived a large income fromn the sale of the monlopoly. When in 1757, after Clive's victory at Plassy, the government oi Bengal passed into the lhands of the East India Company, the opium monopoly, together withl the salt moniopoly, became the booty of the victors. Since thien, but especially since 1773, when the trade with China ceased to be tie exclusiveprivilege of the Portuguese, the cultivation for export (chiefly to China) has grown larger and larger. As regards the use of opium in the country itself, it is not. easy to state withi certainty whethier or not, and at what periods, it lhas increased in its pace of spreading over the various parts of India. Whilst the places wlhere opium is now grown are still mainly situated around the old centres, the use of opium, as our inquiry slhows, is nowadays almost universally diffused. " The largest amount of opium is produced in the central tract of the Ganges, extending from Dinajpar in the east to Agra in the west, and from Gorakhpur in the north to Hazaribagh in the south, and comprising an area of about 600miles long and 200 miles broad." In that district, that is in Bengal, the Government has the monopoly of the opium industry, and the districts are divided into two agencies, Beharand Benares, wlhich are under the control of officers residing at Patna and Ghazipur. In 1883 the amount of acres under poppy was in Behar 463,829, and in the Benares agency 412,625. As the export of opium has somewlhat diminished since then,' these figures will be niow a little too large. " Anyone who chiooses may undertake the industry, but cultivators are obliged to sell the opium exclusively to the Government agencies, at a price wlhichl is fixed beforehand by the officials." The Government sells the ready goods to merchants at a much higher price, whiclh difference is paid by the country to which the opium is exported. In India itself the sale of opium is restricted to licensed shopkeepers, a practice which has proved to be useful, because in some places, where the licensed shops have been closed-as is believed by our correspondent, only experimentally-a greater number of unlicensed and secret shops have sprung u" and have made the contract insufficient. (To be contianued).


Sum frequency generation surface vibrational spectroscopy and kinetic measurements using gas chromatography have been used to identify a reactive surface intermediate in situ during hydrogenation of benzene on a Pt(111) single crystal surface at Torr pressures. Upon adsorption at 310 K, both chemisorbed and physisorbed benzene coexist on the surface, a result which has not previously been observed. Kinetic measurements show a linear compensation effect for the production of both cyclohexane and cyclohexene. From these data the isokinetic temperature was identified and correlated to the chemisorbed benzene species, which were probed by means of vibrational spectroscopy. Additionally, chemisorbed benzene was determined to be a reactive intermediate, which is critical for hydrogenation.


A model of venturous revenue for diel vertical migration (DVM) of zooplankton is developed, which is motivated by zooplankter chasing the maximum value of venturous revenue, i.e., cropping as much food at as less cost of mortality as possible. Venturous revenue, indicating the tradeoffs between food intake and mortality risk, is not only a function of environmental factors such as temperature, food abundance and predation pressure, but also a factor affected by age. The simulated results from running the model in a simplified typical summer stratified water environment in temperate region suggest that a zooplankter through detecting the variations of environmental factors can achieve the optimal food intake strategy by DVM against predation pressure, and that the pattern of DVM is different with different age of the zooplanker.


In this paper we aim to analyze how sensible is the informal worker profile to distinct classification procedures, as well as to analyze the sensibility of the link between informality and welfare to the same procedures. A disaggregated analysis by employers and employees is one contribution of the paper, which also innovates using information on being included in an official tax payer administrative file (CNPJ) to one of the classification procedures employed to the employers. Two out of three procedures share very similar results in terms of informal worker profile and the link between informality and welfare. These are the procedure based on social security contribution, and the one based on CNPJ for employers and based on legal labor contracts for employees.


The present invention relates to a prioritization method for a communication network in the communication terminal device (200). According to the present invention, the user data object (212) is stored in the communication terminal device (200), and access parameters (120,214) is assigned to the user data object (118,212), the access parameters by which the communication the communication terminal device to the network (242, 244) (200) depending on whether to log access to the user data object (212) is allowed, based on the application of the access parameters (120,214) priority is determined for a communication network (242, 244). In this case, it may be one of a plurality of selection criteria digital rights management DRM.


It will come as news to no one that Christopher Marlowe's Doctor Faustus can be and has been deemed a skeptical play.' More than a century ago, the Victorian scholar J. R. Green characterized Marlowe's outlook as a "daring scepticism" and claimed that Faustus was "the first dramatic attempt to touch the great problem of the relations of man to the unseen world, to paint the power of doubt in a temper leavened with superstition."2 Fifty years later, Una Ellis-Fermor called Doctor Faustus "perhaps the most notable Satanic play in literature."3 And the varied testimony of Marlowe's contemporaries-Robert Greene, Richard Baines, Thomas Kyd, and Richard Cholmeley among themstrongly suggests that both the man and his writings could be considered iconoclastic and profoundly irreverent: both susceptible to charges of "monstruous opinions," "vile hereticall conceipts," even "diabolical atheism."4 True, the circumstances in which these allegations were sometimes made force us to question their accuracy; yet, there still exists an extraordinary congruence of contemporary attitude about Marlowe-about what we might call his skepticism. But what in fact are we saying when we say an early modern writer is skeptical? In what senses does this word carry meaning with respect to the dramatic compositions of


This Study was focused on the behavior and risk perception of HIV/AIDS among students of tertiary institutions in Lagos State, Nigeria because researches have shown that the school environment provide fertile grounds for high sexual risk behavior (Adefuye et al.,2009). The study which was conducted over a period of three months considered a sample of five randomly selected tertiary institutions in the State and 1200 multiple-choice format questionnaires were distributed to the students out of which 1095 (91.33 percent) were completed and returned. Data generated were analyzed using SPSS version 15. Apart from simple descriptive statistics, correspondence analysis was used to show relationship between the demographic background of the students, their health risk perception and behavior on HIV/AIDS. The result showed that as many as twenty four percent of the students have multiple sex partners, about 44 percent of who do not like using condom. Having multiple sex partners was found to have significant effect on decision on infection prevention technique adopted by the student. About 43.69 percent of those who have multiple sex partners agree that they are engaging in risky sexual behavior. Only 54.63 percent of those who have heard about HIV/AIDS are willing to use condom and 71.33 percent of the respondents are very concerned about the alarming rate of spread of the disease. The correspondence analysis showed that within the age range of 26 to 30 years students are not too comfortable with having roommates who are HIV/AIDS infected while the older students (those who are 30 years and above) feel very comfortable with sharing hostel room with them. Also, it was found that most students with multiple sex partners use female condom while those E-Leader Budapest 2010 with single partners prefer using male condom. Number of sex partners was found to determine the periods between going for HIV/Aids test. While those with multiple sex partners have undergone HIV test within six months before our survey, those with single sex partners have not do so in the last six months. Age was found to be a factor in determining the decision to use protection during sex. The population at risk are those in the age bracket of 19 to 30 years, as they have multiple sex partners and seldom go for test. The implication for insurance was discussed.


To obtain information that can be used as reference for improving the environment inside and surrounding the open channels receiving johkasou effluent, the formation and correlation of sediment bed bacterial density with water quality were evaluated with multivariate statistical analysis based on measured data for water and sediment samples collected for 8 times from 6 sites of an open channel that receives johkasou effluent in a residential area of Gifu Prefecture, Japan. Statistical analysis included principal component and factor analysis (PCA/FA), cluster analysis (CA) and correlation analysis. The PCA/FA results showed that 3 dominant factors were responsible for the water quality data structure, accounting for 85.12% of the total variance in the dataset. Hierarchical cluster analysis grouped 6 study sites into 3 statistically significant clusters, reflecting different characteristics and pollution levels of the sites. Correlation analysis revealed statistically significant relationships of the sediment bed bacterial density with BOD, total nitrogen and total phosphorus in the water of the channel receiving johkasou effluent.


This paper provided an overview of analysis and implementation clustering for food productivity. Food productivity is determined by food production. Rice is one of staple food in Indonesia. Rice production is influencing adequacy level of national food production. Rice productivity is very important to accomplishment food affordability. Rice productivity per province in Indonesia must be increased, because large population and high consumption. Rice productivity that fluctuates and tends to decrease, need to clustering to determinant category cluster of productivity. Clustering is using K-Means and Fuzzy C-Means. Method improvement of K-Means is modification Intra Cluster Distance and Inter Cluster Distance. Calculate distance (Inter Cluster Distance and Intra Cluster Distance) to evaluate the clustering results and to compare the efficiency of the clustering algorithms. Method improvement of Fuzzy C-Means is modification algorithm, alternative process and iteration. Data processing is using Excel software. Clustering produce three cluster (C 1 , C 2 , C 3 ) is convergence. Measurement cluster based on comparison of membership cluster, consistency, and productivity. Membership cluster, there is point data anomaly (x 22 , x 23 , x 29 , x 33 ). Consistency data on K-Means (C 1 = 72.73%, C 2 = 93.75%, C 3 = 100%). Consistency data on Fuzzy C-Means (C 1 = 100%, C 2 = 88.33%, C 3 = 87.50%). Rice Productivity is Cluster 1 (decrease), Cluster 2 (decrease, except 3 provinces), and Cluster 3 (increase, except 1 province). Majority in rice productivity is 70.59%. Result of clustering showed that majority rice productivity on category cluster is low productivity.


Field experiments were carried out to study the effect of application of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizer on rice yields and plant traits.The results showed that,the application of all nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizer could increase rice production,and nitrogen was the key factor to raise rice output,much higher than phosphate and potassium factors.The relationship between rice yields(y)and nitrogen(x1), phosphorus(x2) and potassium(x3) were y=-0.021 9x1 2+18.255x1 +5 063.8,y=-0.135 3x2 2+29.049x2 +7 159.4;y=-0.033 7x3 2+15.238x3 +7 057.2, respectively.Different fertilizer factors had different function on rice yield components,nitrogen factor increased available panicles and ear seeds quantity,and reduced grain weight,phosphorus factor increased available panicles and grain weight,but had less function on ear seeds quantity, potassium factor increased ear seeds quantity and grain weight,but had less function on available panicles.Also,nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium impacted the external shape of rice,although they could increase rice leaf area,nitrogen factor had higher rate than phosphate and potash.Nitrogen factor significantly increased plant height and ear length,while phosphate and potash had no significant effect.


Abstract Built heritage conservation has traditionally been shaped by professionals through an 'authorised heritage discourse', emphasising expert knowledge and skills, universal value, a hierarchy of significance, and protecting the authenticity of tangible assets. However, while the purpose of built heritage conservation is widely recognised to be broad, encompassing cultural, social and economic benefits, it takes place in the presence, and on behalf, of a wider public whose values and priorities may differ starkly from those of heritage power-players. Drawing on the perspectives of a range of built heritage actors in three small towns in Ireland, this paper contributes to these debates, exploring the competing values and priorities embedded within lay discourses of heritage. Based on critical discourse analysis of interviews with local actors, the paper identifies that collected memory and local place distinctiveness, contributing to a sense of local identity, are of central importance in how non-experts construct their understanding of built heritage. In the Irish context, this is particularly important in understanding social and cultural statutory categories of heritage interest. The paper concludes on the implications for policy and practice and, in particular, the need to more effectively take account of non-expert values and priorities in heritage and conservation decision-making.


The Government of Kenya introduced Sessional Paper no 10 in 1965 that stated that for the economy to grow as a whole and as fast as possible, development money should be invested where it will yield the largest increase in net output. It further stated that this approach favored development of areas with abundant natural resources, good land and rainfall, transport and power facilities and people receptive to and active in development. For many years, this statement guided direction of government resources hence neglecting ASAL areas. Even though, and with promulgation of Constitution (2010), Kenya as a water scarce country did devolve water provision to counties, the question of whether administration of devolved water services has assisted in solving challenges related to water provision as desired and anticipated by target six (6) of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) as well as Kenya's Vision 2030 still remain unresolved. The purpose of this study was therefore to establish the role of administration of devolved water services, transformational leadership and planning on water provision in Arid and Semi-Arid Lands in Kenya. Specifically, the study determined the effect of administration of devolved water services, analyzed the moderating effect of transformational leadership on the relationship between administration of devolved water services and water provision, assessed the moderating effect of planning on the relationship between administration of devolved water services and water provision, and as established joint moderating effect of transformational leadership and planning on the relationship between administration of devolved water services and water provision in ASAL in Kenya. The study used positivism research orientation and was guided by the cross-sectional survey research design targeting 113 sub-counties within the 23 ASAL counties with a sample of the 89 sub counties. A structured questionnaire was used in collecting primary data from sub-county water officers with secondary data collection being done via desk study. Findings are expected to contribute useful information for ASAL Counties to formulate an action plan for water provision. The study found that there is significant positive relationship between administration of devolved water services and water provision in ASAL in Kenya given R-Square = 0.901 with F-Calculated (3, 70) = 211.613 > F-Critical (3, 70) = 2.74 and a p-value = 0.000 < 0.05. In addition, transformational leadership has a significant moderating effect on the relationship between administration of devolved water services and water provision in Arid and Semi-Arid Lands in Kenya given that ΔR2 = 0.009, ΔF(1, 70) = 10.017, b = .181, t(72) = 13.923, p-Value=0.000 < 0.05. Further, planning has a significant moderating effect on the relationship between administration of devolved water services and water provision in Arid and Semi-Arid Lands in Kenya given that ΔR2 = 0.003, ΔF(1, 70) = 25.1907, b = 0.763, t(72) = 5.824, p-Value=0.000 < 0.05. Moreover, the joint moderating effect of transformational leadership and planning on the relationship between administration of devolved water services and water provision in ASAL in Kenya is significantly different from their separate effect given change in R-Square = 0.041 compared with separate moderating effects (0.009 for transformational leadership and 0.003 for planning) with p-value = 0.000 < 0.05. As part of recommendation, policy framework should be enhanced to ensure effective, efficient water sector governance, coordination and leadership.


: In this paper, we report the clinical course of a 11-year-old boy with an ameloblastic fibrodentinoma developing in the right side of the mandible. Clinically, there were no specific findings, except for an unerupted right mandibular first molar. Panoramic radiography and dental computed tomography revealed a well-defined radiolucent lesion with small calcified particles in the right side of the mandible. Moreover, an impacted tooth, which appeared to be the unerupted first molar, existed below the radiolucent lesion. A biopsy was performed, and the lesion was histopathologically diagnosed as ameloblastic fibrodentinoma. The tumor was removed with preservation of the impacted tooth under general anesthesia. As of 3 years after surgery, there have been no signs of recurrence, and the impacted tooth has erupted spontaneously in the dentition and functions as the first molar.


The invention relates to a series of analogues which has a natural product Pyripyropene A structure and is shown in a general formula I as well as a preparation method and applications thereof. Concretely, the invention relates to the analogues of the natural product Pyripyropene A, the preparation method thereof, and applications thereof as an inhibitor of acyl-coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase 2 (ACAT2) to treatment of cardiovascular diseases, such as atherosclerosis, and the like.


In this article we consider surfaces that are general with respect to a 3- dimensional toric idealistic cluster. In particular, this means that blowing up a toric con- stellation provides an embedded resolution of singularities for these surfaces. First we give a formula for the topological zeta function directly in terms of the cluster. Then we study the eigenvalues of monodromy. In particular, we derive a useful criterion to be an eigenvalue. In a third part we prove the monodromy and the holomorphy conjecture for these surfaces.


In the usual treatment of the deuteron problem, depths of both central and tensor potentials are to be detenntned so as to give the correct experimental values for the binding energy r2 and the electric quadrupole moment Q assuming a suitable function for the potentiaL We can consider these two depth values as "two parameter eigenvalue". In this connection the following approximate re lation among Q, r2 and the mixing parameter E of the D·state to the S-state is useful, tan E= -V2 Qr2, r2= (btnding energy of deuteron) X (nucleon mass}+U2, which is shown to be accurate within 10 percents. The usual variational method is extended to this problem : We first find the stationary expres· sions for both depths of central and tensor potentials, and it is proved that the stationary requirement is equivalent to the fundamental equations of the deuteron state with specified mixing ratio E. Actual applications are carried out for the square well potentials. The most advantageous point of the present method is that we can determine both depths simultaneously without resource to approximate method such as trial -and-error method. Lastly the variation principle corresponding to the Rayleigh-Ritz variational method is generalized to many parameter eigenvalue problem.


In this work, the energy consumption in the cooperative spectrum sensing is analysed. The analysis also covers the detection quality assessment and the definition of the energy efficiency (EE) metric. It is shown how cooperation among the sensing nodes affects the EE and how relaying of sensing information and node selection influences the detection probability and energy consumption. Simulation results prove that the EE of cooperative sensing depends on the link quality, the distance between node and Fusion Centre or Primary User as well as of the density of nodes in network.


1. A method of making a functionally graded article from a composite material with a metal matrix comprising the steps of: supplying molten metal containing particulate matter to a pair of moving casting surfaces, the size of the solid particles is at least about 30 microns; ! solidified molten metal as it moves between moving casting surfaces to form a product comprising a first solid outer layer, a second solid outer layer, and a semisolid central layer therebetween, wherein the semisolid central layer having a higher solids concentration than the first or second outer layers; ! semi-solid central layer is cured to form a solid metal product comprised of the outer layers and the solidified central layer after the semi-solid central layer of passage gap between a pair of moving casting surfaces; and! recovered solid metal product from between the casting surfaces. ! 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising a hot or cold rolling the solid metal product. ! 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising the step of setting the gap between the casting surfaces of from about 0.08 to about 0.25 inches. ! 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising the step of moving molten metal comprising passing molten metal mixture between the casting surfaces at a speed of from about 50 to 300 ft / min. ! 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising the step of decreasing the thickness of the whole of the solid metallic article


Fifteen types of rice collected from Kurdistan region-Iraq were investigated by
 principal component analysis (PCA) in terms of physical properties and cooking
 characteristics. The dimensions of evaluated grains correspond to 5.05-8.75 mm
 for length, 1.54-2.47 mm for width, and 1.37-1.95 for thickness. The equivalent
 diameter was in the range of 5.23-10.03 mm, and the area took 13.30-28.25
 mm2. The sphericity analysis values varied from 0.32 to 0.56, the
 aspect ratio from 0.17 to 0.39, and the volume of the grain was measured in the
 range from 4.48 to 17.74 mm3, hectoliter weight values were 730-820
 kg/m3, and true density from 0.6 to 0.96 g/cm3. The
 broken grain ratio was 1.5-18.3%, thousand kernel weight corresponded to
 15.88 to 22.42 g. The water uptake ratios for 30 min of soaking were increased
 at 60°C compared to 30 and 45°C. The PCA was used to study the
 correlation of the most effective factors. Results of PCA showed that the first
 (PC1) and second (PC2) components retained 63.4% and 34.8% of the
 total variance, which PC1 was mostly related to hectoliter, broken ratio, and
 moisture content characteristics while PC2 was mostly concerned with hardness
 and true density. For cooking properties, the PC1 and PC2 retained 88.5%
 and 9.3% of the total variance, respectively. PC1 was mostly related to
 viscosity, spring value, and hardness after cooking, while PC2 was mostly
 concerned with spring value, hardness before cooking, and hardness after
 cooking.


The present invention provides a process for producing 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene, comprising distilling a mixture of water and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene to separate the mixture into a first stream and a second stream, the first stream containing 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene with a water content higher than the original mixture, and the second stream containing 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene with a water content lower than the original mixture; and obtaining 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene with a reduced water content from the second stream. The process of the invention can efficiently remove water from 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (HFO-1234yf).


On 17 May 2010, the Grand Chamber of the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR) delivered a sensational Judgment in the case of Kononov v. Latvia, in which it actually agreed with the Latvian courts that Vasiliy Kononov, a Soviet Army soldier, commander of the Partisan Unit during the World War II, was a criminal of war. The disputable, contradictory legal position of the Grand Chamber, set out in the Judgment, and subjective, if not to say prejudged interpretation of the norms of international humanitarian law attracted public attention and caused fierce debates in the legal community. However, a new Judgment can be delivered in the case of Kononov if the ECHR satisfies the request of Kononovs lawyers to review the case.


Background: Taurine supplementation in tris egg yolk citrate (TEYC) extender can improve antioxidant defense and reduce motility degeneration rate in semen of Surti buck preserved at refrigeration temperature. Present study has evaluated antioxidant effect of different concentrations of taurine in TEYC extender on oxidative stress, antioxidant defense and motility degeneration rate in Surti buck semen preserved at refrigerated temperature.
Methods: Four Surti bucks (age greater than 2years) were selected. Total 64 ejaculates (16 per buck) were collected during a period of 8 week. Post-collection they were pooled and stored at refrigeration temperature after dividing into 5 groups based on different taurine concentrations in TEYC extender viz. 0 mM (control T1), 25 mM (T2), 50 mM (T3), 75 mM (T4) and 100 mM (T5) taurine maintaining final concentration of 200 x 106 sperm/ml (pH 6.5-6.8). Evaluation of motility degeneration rate at 24, 36 and 48 hours and glutathione as well as lipid peroxidation (MDA) at 0 and 48 hours was done.
Result: Supplementation of taurine @50 mM in TEYC extender caused post-chilling significant increase in reduced glutathione (GSH) levels, lowering of lipid peroxidation (in terms of MDA production) and reduction of motility degeneration rate (MDR)% in semen of Surti bucks. It improved antioxidant defense thereby maintaining good quality of semen.


Brain tumor is one of the serious disease causes death among the people. Tumor is an uncontrolled growth of tissue in any part of the body. In this work we are taking MR images as input; MRI i.e. is directed into internal cavity of brain and gives the complete image of brain. A Brain tumor detection and classification system is introduced in this paper. The system uses image processing and neural network techniques to detect tumor and to classify the type of tumor. The histogram equalization, image adjustment, thresholding functions are used for detection of tumor. BW label function is used for the determination of centroid of the tumor. Dilate operator are also used to make boundaries of the tumor look continues. In this paper Neural network methods are used for classification of tumor in MR images. In the neural network we are using back propagation method .The two layer feed forward network is trained with back propagation for the classification of tumors.


Three collection methods (freezing, acetone, and acetone: thioethanol: acetic acid) have been investigated for optimum yield of thyrotropin from human pituitary glands. The data indicate that optimal thyrotropin activity (TSH) is preserved by pituitary gland storage in the frozen state rather than in the 2 preservative solutions or as an acetone powder and that storage time also affects the yield. Using a chick bio-assay for TSH and the Bovine International Reference Standard, yields of 2 U TSH/gland were obtained from glands stored 2 weeks (freezing, acetone), and only in the frozen state after 6 weeks. A drop of 50% in TSH activity was observed in glands stored for 6 weeks in the 2 collection solutions, while after 6 months of storage the losses averaged 80%. In extracts of pituitary glands obtained by percolation with 57% ethanol-7% sodium chloride and stored undialyzed, TSH activity remained stable when stored for 3–6 months at −20 C. (Endocrinology 81: 299, 1967)


Abstract Corrosion behavior of nickel (Ni) in different compositions of formic acid (HCOOH) at 30°C was studied using the potentiostatic polarization method. The shape of the polarization curve was...


Android malware has grown manifold in the last decade and has become a threat to the ecosystem. Recently published literature suggests that the data mining based models have shown promising results in android malware detection. However, adversaries can identify vulnerabilities in these detection models using adversarial learning. Adversaries can further exploit these vulnerabilities by performing adversarial attacks on these detection models and reduce their performance. Therefore in this work, we first put ourselves in the adversary's shoes and propose an evasion attack to find vulnerabilities in various malware detection models using reinforcement learning. The attack aims to add perturbation(s) in malware samples to generate adversarial samples such that they are forcefully misclassified as benign samples by the malware detection models. The attack is designed for a limited knowledge scenario where an adversary does not know the learning algorithm used to build detection models, which is similar to a real-world scenario. We validated the proposed adversarial attack against ten malware detection models constructed using different learning algorithms. Our proposed attack with limited knowledge and capabilities accomplish more than 58% forced misclassification rate against all ten detection models. We also identified ten vulnerable intents that an adversary could exploit to decrease the performance of malware detection models. Lastly, we propose a defense against evasion attacks to increase the adversarial robustness of all malware detection models.


Four novel amphoteric surfactants of N-alkoxyethylcarboxybetaine series were synthesized via Schotten-Baumman reaction between four alkyl chlorides contaning 10, 12, 14 and 16 carbon atoms in their N-alkyl group and dimethylaminoethanol to give the intermediate products, alkoxyethyldimethylamine. Quaternization of these intermediates was permitted to form 2-(alkoxyethyldirnethylammonio) acetates, whose structures were identified by elemental analysis, IR spectrophotometry and Hnmr spectrometry. The yield of the final products was shown in the range of 74~77% based on the yield of the intermediate products. Surface tension of the aqueous solution of the final products was measured, and the critical micelle concentrations(cmc) were shown in the range of 2.82×10exp(-3)~2.67×10exp(-6)mol/l, and the surface thension at cmc was 35~43dyne/cm. Cmc was lowered gradually by increase of carbon numbers in N-alkyl ether containing group. The isoelectric point was shown in the range of 4.08~6.03. It showed a tendency to lean toward the acidic site and its range was broadened as increase of the hydrophobic group length. A linear relationship between log cmc and the number of carbon atoms(N) in the hydrophobic alkyl chain was shown in the relative equation of log cmc=2.49-0.50N.


In this paper, the hydraulic system and its simple design process of the fullyhydraulically-actuated crusher is introduced. In the same time, the advantage of this hydraulic system is analyzed. This paper will be helpful for relative engineering design.


The investigation was undertaken to study the fatty acid composition of neutral lipids and glyco- and phospholipids of Assam, China, and Cambod varieties of tea shoots and processed leaf at different stages of black tea manufacture which eventually would become an additional source of information on cultivar characteristics


Supply Chain Management (SCM) is a discipline of management that can be seen in different ways. However, only a strategic approach of SCM derived into subsequent tactical decisions and an operational implementation will provide the benefit that promises. SCM decisions must be considered at the strategic level; this is because the decisions in SCM contain several edges that necessarily involve the coordination of multiple areas of the company and therefore their guidelines must be defined to the highest managerial level. In this thesis is emphasize the strategic nature of SCM and the importance of being considered this way. Most research on SCM focuses on the relationship among organizations within the supply chain; but scarce literature exists that addresses the issue of internal conditions that allow proper management of the supply chain out of the borders of the organization. The purpose of this paper is to explore how SCM strategy is taken into account when the organization delineates the business strategy and how those conditions have to be met internally within the organization to be successfully implemented at the tactical and operational levels. This research is centered in Latin America where SCM's development from the strategic point of view is scarce, more than this, SCM's development in this region is wrongly oriented. While not considering at the strategic level, any effort organizations want to make in the area of SCM will hardly get satisfactory results in the medium and long term. In order to get this, a set of constructs was explored, proposed and defined as critical, to be considered as the first steps for a successful implementation of a SCM strategy. As it will be developed through this work, seven constructs were conisdered: Degree of participation of SCM strategy in the business strategy; Parameters to guide segmentation of providers and customers; Culture of the organization; Distribution of benefits along the chain's criteria; Internal alignment of all the firm's areas that participate in the SCM strategy; Coherence between strategic SCM'S alignement and Incentive program for managers; SCM manager's role and profile Through two qualitative field studies (a Delphi panel of experts, the first and a case study the second) conducted in Latin America, the aim was to demonstrate the status of SCM in the region and how, through a correct application of the constructs, the organizations can raise their SCM strategy and from there achieve a correct operationalization.


Photoprotection including sunscreen use in children is encouraged by health campaigns. While sunscreen chemicals are common causes of photoallergic (PA) contact reactions in adults, limited data are available in children.


Objective:[WT5BZ]To investigate gene expression of type[HT5"SS]Ⅰ[HT5SS]and type [HT5"SS]Ⅱ[HT5SS]collagen in bone and cartilage by in situ hybridization.[WT5HZ]Methods:[WT5BZ]Three oligonucleotide probes which were specific seperately for type[HT5"SS]Ⅰ[HT5SS],type [HT5"SS]Ⅱ[HT5SS]A and type [HT5"SS]Ⅱ[HT5SS]B collagen mRNA were sythesized with DNA synthesizer,and labelled at 3'-end by DIG-ddUTP. The specimens of normal rabbit trabecula were cut into 5 μm sections and hybridized with the oligonucleotide probes.[WT5HZ]Results:[WT5BZ]Type[HT5"SS]Ⅱ[HT5SS]B collagen mRNA was clearly demonstrated in chondrocytes in articular cartilage and epiphysis,type[HT5"SS]Ⅰ[HT5SS] collagen mRNA was localized in osteoblasts lining in surface of newly produced trabecula.[WT5HZ]Conclusion:[WT5BZ]With higher sensitivity and reliable result,it might be a good method to further study the relationship between collagen gene expression and bone disease and osteogenesis. [WT5HZ]


The invention discloses a continuous casting manufacturing process of ultra-thick slabs for hydropower station pressure vessel steel, and belongs to the technical field of steelmaking-continuous casting. The process includes the steps that casting powder special for peritectic steel of which the carbon content ranges from 0.08% to 0.14% is designed according to continuous casting characteristics of the peritectic steel; taper values of hydropower station steel penstock casting blanks with different thicknesses are set according to steel type conditions. The defects of surface transverse cracks of the casting blanks and corner transverse cracks of the casting blanks are overcome by setting an ultra-thick slab continuous casting secondary cooling mode. Different pulling rates are set according to the thickness and the width of the slabs, and the problem of center segregation of the ultra-thick slabs is solved through low-pulling-rate casting. The process has the advantages that the process is simple and high in generalization performance, the applicable thickness specification range of the continuous casting slabs is from 400mm to 600mm, and the width specification range is from 1600mm to 3000mm. By utilizing the ultra-thick slabs to manufacture hydropower station steel penstocks through the process, surface indentations, surface transverse cracks and the center segregation level of the casting blanks all can be well controlled.


This paper investigates the performance of different temporal concealment techniques when incorporated within a long-term motion compensated video codec. In particular, the paper finds a combination of techniques that best recovers the spatial-temporal components of a damaged long-term motion vector. It is demonstrated also that accurate recovery of the spatial components of the damaged motion vector is, in general, more important and more complex than the recovery of the temporal component. Such findings are explained in view of the properties of the long-term block motion field. The paper also, proposes a novel long-term multihypothesis temporal concealment technique where the damaged block is concealed using the average of a number of candidates from the several reference frames available at the decoder. The superior performance of this technique is demonstrated over a range of block error rates.


In this article, modelling and robust stability of networked control systems (NCS) are discussed. Considering the existence of packet reordering and network-induced delay, a new mathematical model of NCS whose network-induced delay is longer than one sampling period is obtained, which can fully describe packet reordering and effectively eliminate the impact of packet reordering on the performance of NCS such that the newest control input can be executed by the actuator. Based on this model, the time-varying NCS is converted into an uncertain discrete linear system with multi-step delay in terms of matrix theory. Furthermore, a sufficient condition for robust stability of NCS is presented. Linear matrix inequality approach has been employed to solve the controller design problems. Numerical examples are compared with previous schemes to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.


Latvia demonstrates common trends with the majority of the countries affected by the recession, as well as some peculiarities in overcoming the impact of the global economic and financial recession on education mainly due to an unbelievable austerity. Education in this country has suffered greatly, and its damage is adequate to the 67% of the budget cuts between 2008 and 2011 (IZM, 2011). The article deals with the school improvement after the recession, recent implementation of innovations to cover the damages and catch up with the ideas of the Next Generation learning, to supply schools with the appropriate curricula and meeting the learners needs for their individual development and ability to find jobs, as well as appropriate for the school transition teachers' further professional development.


Taking Shaziya tunnel in the west of Hubei Province for example,according to the essential theories of heat transfer and finite element,and considering the coupled effects of the stress field and temperature field,the two-dimensional computation model of the coupling problem is given here,and the finite element formulae of this problem are obtained by Galerkin's method.The results show that the effect of the temperature filed on the stress field in a seasonally frozen soil tunnel is very great,and the stress field should be taken into account during construction.


In this paper I illustrate how auto/biography, drawing on feminist research methodology, enabled me to chronicle and theorise the lived experience of class relations in the academy. I explain how auto-diegetic auto/biographical doctoral research has provided me with 'both a mode of representation and a mode of reasoning' (Richardson, 1997, p. 28) which was therapeutic, reflexive, as well as agentic to help me understand the sense of displacement in the academy and how I used my doctorate to redress that.


The third in a series of conferences on Atmospheric Chemistry was held at the Meteorological Institute, May 28-30, 1956. The two previous conferences have been reported in Tellus (1954, No. 3 and 1955, No. 3). DOI: 10.1111/j.2153-3490.1957.tb01859.x


Apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy(AHCM) is a relatively rare phenotype of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy(HCM). Its hypertrophic site is mainly confined to the left ventricular apex. It was reported first by the Japanese scholar Sakamoto. At that time, it was called asymmetric apical myocardial hypertrophy. The V4-V6 huge inversion T wave and left ventricular angiography are characterized by a " clam-like" change. This article reviews the latest developments in the pathogenesis, etiology, pathology, pathophysiology, and diagnosis and treatment of the disease.

Key words:
Apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy; Research progress


A simple and practical method for the preparation of (S)-Ketoprofen (2-(3-benzoylphenyl) propionic acid) has been developed through the hydrolysis of its chloroethyl ester catalyzed by a cheap and commercially available crude Candida rugosa lipase preparation under an extremely acidic condition, pH 2.5, and in the presence of Tween-80. As the reaction was carried out in a shake flask with baffles, the degree of hydrolysis was enhanced from 31.5% to 42.2%. A needle-like crystalline of (S)-Ketoprofen was obtained with 95.7% e.e. after simple separation and purification.


Objective: To Formulate and Develop Polyherbal toot hpaste formulation and then evaluating its antimicr obial activity. Method: Methanol extract of Polyherbal formulations was prepared. Standard cultures of Streptococcus mutans(MTCC 890), Streptococcus oralis(MTCC 2696) ,staphylococcus aureus(MTCC 7443), Candida albicans (MTCC 183), and Lactobacillus acidophilus(MTCC 10307), gram positive was used for the study. The antibacterial tests used was the agar well diffusio n method. Methanol and Gentamicin were used as the negative and positive control respectively. Marketed formula tions were compared. Also Quality control parameters like physiochemical , phytochemical and HPTLC(for identification of compounds) were done on developed polyherbal formul ations. Results: The methanol extract of Polyherbal formulation 2 showed maximum activity ag ainst Streptococcus mutans and minimum activity against Candida Albicans. Whereas Methanol extract of polyherbal formulatio n 1 and 3 showed lesser activity when compared with Pol yherbal formulation 2 as shown in table 3 and 4. Ho wever, the activity was less than the standard Gentamicin. The extract shows increasing inhibitory activity w ith increase in concentration (50%-100%). Quality param eters were conducted on polyherbal formulations sho wn in table 5, 6 and figure 3. Conclusion: The results of the study support the tr adi ional application of the medicinal plants and s uggest that various herbs which were used in Polyherbal formula tion possess antimicrobial properties that can be u sed as antimicrobial agents, and toothpaste developed can be utilized to prevent various dental diseases.


As party organization politics become less passionate and the opportunities for personal payoff and graft decrease, the continued work of party functionaries is something of an anachronism. The political systems of the United States and Canada require party-like voluntary organizations, but decrease the motivations for individual participation. This analysis sheds some light on sustained participation by focusing on the role of politics in the personal identities of 1,250 of the top party officials of Seattle, Minneapolis, Vancouver, and Winnipeg. At present, the significance of politics in the self-concept of even the high-ranking party official is highly variable. They may rise to the top of an organization after very short working careers and without total investment of their "selves." The extent to which the political dimension suffuses the identity of the official and its place in the self-concept are shown to be related to both early and current life experiences in ways that accord with symbolic interactionist theory. Finally, the self-concept is shown to relate to how the party role is played and the respondent's further career expectations.


Introduction and purpose of the work. There are many reports in the literature about the negative impact of smoking on oral hygiene and health. Periodontal disease, which most often occurs in smokers, is also a source of many other ailments that determine the health of a person. The nicotine withdrawal is observed in smokers in relation to hygiene and oral health. The process of nicotine withdrawal is long-lasting but brings tangible results, both in the aspect of hygiene and oral health. The aim of this work is to present the effects of nicotine withdrawal in individual stages of its process. State of knowledge. According to numerous reports, smoking is one of the most important factors threatening the health of people in highly developed countries. It is a medical, social, moral and economic problem. Epidemiological data indicate that in Poland, 9 million people smoke cigarettes. In the world, active tobacco smokers are over 1 billion. It turns out that smoking kills as many as 5.8 million people around the world. Estimates indicate that this number could reach up to 8 million in 2030 [1, 2]. The Ministry of Health in


This book traces the development of Maxwell's theory from his first thoughts on electromagnetism through to the completion of his influential Treatise on Electricity and Magnetism, and shows how this development was related not only to contemporary scientific events but also to Maxwell's personal philosophy of science and life. While primarily concerned with the endeavours and achievements of one individual scientist, it also offers a stimulating and forceful challenge to the traditional historiography of 19th century physics as a whole. Of interest to undergraduate and postgraduate students of physics or history of science and teachers of physics at school, college or university levels.


This paper discusses a new protocol HEED-FL that follows the basic approach of the HEED protocol, but selects the cluster head by using fuzzy logic based on the three parameters: residual energy, degree of node, and distance between a sensor and base station. The HEED-FL protocol performs more than twelve times better than the original HEED protocol. It indeed performs better than many important protocols that have similar kind functionality as that of the HEED protocol.


In this paper,the two common forms and some applications of profile connections and the equation of the equidistant profile are introduced.With the example of XD-3,the expression of maximal deviation between practical curve of the milling cutter track and theoretical curve is put forward.In the end,the algorithm of calculating center coordinate of milling cutter is given.It is concluded that the roughness of surface Ra is about 10-20μm and the grade of dimension precision is IT7,while the equidistant profile hole is being milled on XK5040-1numerically-controlled machine tool with linear interpolation method.


We have studied the effects of low-temperature preannealing and carbon on new donor formation at 650°C in phosphorus-doped Czochralski (CZ) silicon by deep-level transient spectroscopy (DLTS). In not preannealed carbon-lean samples, only a weak continuous DLTS spectrum often reported so far was observed. The intensity of this broad feature became significantly stronger in not preannealed carbon-rich samples. On the contrary, preannealed samples showed no such continuous spectra but two new DLTS peaks arising from shallow donor levels. Carbon enhanced the low-temperature peak, but retarded the high-temperature one. The latter peak is in strong correlation with the rodlike defect.


Transurethral resection of bladder tumor with photodynamic diagnosis has been reported to result in lower residual tumor and intravesical recurrence rates in non‐muscle invasive bladder cancer. We aimed to evaluate the usefulness of photodynamic diagnosis‐transurethral resection of bladder tumor combined with oral 5‐aminolevulinic acid hydrochloride for high‐risk non‐muscle invasive bladder cancer.


In the Skyrme model atomic nuclei are modelled as quantized soliton solutions in a nonlinear field theory of pions. The mass number is given by the conserved topological charge $B$ of the solitons. Conventionally, Skyrmions are semiclassically quantized within the rigid body approach. In this approach Skyrmions are effectively treated as rigid rotors in space and isospace that is it is assumed that Skyrmions do not deform at all when they spin and isospin. This approximation resulted in qualitative and encouraging quantitative agreement with experimental nuclear physics data. In this talk, we point out that the theoretical agreement could be further improved by allowing classical Skyrmion solutions to deform as they spin and isospin. As a first step towards a better understanding of how nuclei can be approximated by classically spinning and isospinning soliton solutions, we study how classical Skyrmion solutions of topological charges $B=1-4,8$ deform when classical isospin is added.


The SOKUDO DUO track system incorporates a dual-path wafer flow to reduce the burden on the wafer handling unit and enables high-throughput coat/develop/bake processing in-line with semiconductor photolithography exposure (scanner) equipment. Various photolithography-based double patterning process flows were modeled on the SOKUDO DUO system and it was confirmed to be able to process both Litho-Process-Litho-Etch (LPLE)*2 and negative-tone develop process wafers at greater than 200 wafer-per-hour (wph) capability for each litho-pass through the in-line exposure tool. In addition, it is demonstrated that Biased Hot Plates (BHP) with "cdTune" software improves litho pattern #1 and litho pattern #2 within wafer CD uniformity. Based primarily on JSR Micro materials for Litho-Freeze- Litho-Etch (LFLE) the coat, develop and bake process CD uniformity improvement results are demonstrated on the SOKUDO RF3S immersion track in-line with ASML XT:1900Gi system at IMEC, Belgium.


To elucidate whether T‐cell receptor Jβ gene usage was affected by major histocompatibility complex haplotypes and other genetic backgrounds, we investigated such usage with Jβ‐specific probes in four different mouse strains. As a result, (a) frequent usage of Jβ2.1 and Jβ2.6, (b) infrequent usage of Jβ1.3, Jβ1.5 and Jβ1.6, and (c) predominant usage of the Jβ2 cluster compared to the Jβ1 cluster were found. Importantly, these biases were common to almost all the tested Vβ families of the four strains. Thus, TCR Jβ usage would be independent of the major histocompatibility complex haplotypes and other genetic backgrounds.


Existing anycast routing protocols solely route packets to the closest group member. In this paper, we introduce density-based anycast routing, a new anycast routing strategy particularly suitable for unstable networks. Instead of routing packets merely on proximity information to the closest member, density-based anycast routing considers the number of available anycast group members for its routing decision. To evaluate the benefits of densitybased routing, we present a unified model to analyze pure proximitybased, pure density-based, as well as combined routing strategies. With an extensive simulation study, we then evaluate these strategies in multiple mobile scenarios. The two main results are that (i) density-based routing increases the probability of successful packet delivery when the network is unstable; and (ii) for particular mobile scenarios, density-based routing finds even shorter routes compared to traditional proximity-based routing. Finally, we discuss implementation issues and propose a solution to dynamically adapt the protocol's parameter settings.


The history of the 20th century, and more recently the two-decades long war on terror, have taught us the lesson that the normalisation of the state of exception (intended here as the proliferation of legal instruments regulating emergency powers, and their constant use in varied situations of crisis) is never immune from the risk of leaving long-lasting impacts of legal and political systems. With the "Return of the Exception" we intend to bring to the fore the fact that in the pandemic the state of exception has re-appeared in its "grand" version, the one that pertains to round-the-clock curfews and strong limitations to the freedom of movement and assembly, all adorned by warfare rhetoric of the fight against an invisible enemy – which, given the biological status of viruses, it cannot but be ourselves. But "return" here must be intended also in its psychoanalytic meaning. Much like the repressed that lives in a state of latency in the unconscious before eventually returning to inform consciousness and reshape behaviour, the state of exception is an element that remains nested in law's text before reappearing in a specific moment with forms and intensity that are not fully predictable. Still, it remains cryptic whether the pandemic inaugurates a new epoch of liberal legality – the post-law – or just augurs its structural crisis.


In this paper the dynamic stability is studied of a simply supported viscoelastic beam, which is subjected to harmonic and parametric excitations simultaneously. Considering the viscoelastic differential constitutive law, the large deflection curvature and the non-linear effects of inertia, stiffness and damping, the generalized differential governing equation of the viscoelastic beam is obtained. By choosing a simple example of the three-parameter viscoelastic model and using the Galerkin approximation, the governing equation is reduced to a third order non-linear ordinary differential equation. The Stevens method is followed to analyze the stability of the linear system and apply both the method of variation of parameters and the method of averaging to analyze the non-linear system, with the assumption of small harmonic excitation. In this paper, the Routh-Hurwitz criterion is used to investigate the stability of steady state solutions of the parametric resonance, and the non-linear effects of the spring, mass and damping terms of the subsystem are also studied.


20110 Background: The 5-year survival rate of Dukes' B colon cancer patients is approximately 75%. In our earlier genome-wide measurements of gene expression we have identified a 23-gene signature that sub-classifies Dukes' B tumors and may provide better means of risk assessment on an individual basis for these colon cancer patients. The aim of this study is to validate this gene signature in an independent and more diverse group of patients, and further develop this prognostic signature into a clinical feasible test using formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue samples.

METHODS
Using Affymetrix U133a GeneChip we analyzed the expression of the 23 genes in total RNA of frozen tumor samples from 123 Dukes' B patients who did not receive adjuvant systemic treatment. Furthermore, we developed a quantitative RT-PCR assay for this gene signature in order to perform the test with standard clinical FFPE samples.

RESULTS
In the independent validation set of 123 patients, the gene signature proved to be informative in identifying patients who would develop distant metastasis (hazard ratio, HR 2.56; 95% confidence interval CI, 1.01-6.48), even when corrected for the traditional prognostic factors in multivariate analysis (HR, 2.73; 95% CI, 0.97-7.73). The RT-PCR assay developed for this gene signature was also validated in an independent set of 114 patients as a strong prognostic factor for the development of distant recurrence (HR, 6.38; 95% CI, 2.88-14.2) in univariate analysis and in multivariate analysis (HR, 13.3; 95% CI, 5.13-34.4).

CONCLUSIONS
Our data provide not only a validation of the pre-defined prognostic gene signature for Dukes' B colon cancer patients but also a clear feasibility of testing the gene signature using RT-PCR with standard FFPE specimens. The ability of such a test to identify patients that have an unfavorable outcome demonstrates potential clinical importance that could lead clinicians to choose a more aggressive therapeutic option for the high-risk patients. [Table: see text].


The theoretical foundation of a variant on effective medium theories for elastic constants of composites is presented and discussed. The connection between this approach and the methods of Zeller and Dederichs, Korringa, and Gubernatis and Krumhansl is elucidated. A review of the known relationships between the various effective medium theories and rigorous bounding methods for elastic constants is also provided.


This article presents data on 18 new non-native species to Murmansk Region: Aconitum neomontanum Wulfen. (Rybachy Peninsula), Alliaria petiolata (M. Bieb.) Cavara et Grande (Apatity Town), Blitum virgatum L. (Apatity Town), Brassica oleracea L. (Umba Settlement), Campanula barbata L. (vicinity of Kirovsk Town), Chelidonium majus L. (Kandalaksha Town), Crocus vernus (L.) Hill (vicinity of Kovda Settlement), Doronicum carpaticum (Griseb. et Schenk) Nyman (vicinity of Kovda Settlement), Epilobium bergianum A. K. Skvortsov (Murmansk City), Epilobium pseudorubescens A. K. Skvortsov (Murmansk City, Apatity Town), Galinsoga parviflora Cav. (Rayakoski Settlement), Lilium maculatumThunb. (Kandalaksha Town), Lilium martagon L. (Rybachy Peninsula), Lychnis chalcedonica L. (Kandalaksha Town), Medicago × varia Martyn. (Apatity Town), Myosotis sylvatica Ehrh. ex Hoffm. (Kandalaksha Town, vicinity of Kovda Settlement, Rayakoski Settlement), Nepeta cataria L. (Apatity Town), Papaver croceum Ledeb. (vicinity of Kovda Settlement, Kandalaksha Town), Senecio subalpinus K. Koch (vicinity of Kirovsk Town), Verbascum nigrum L. (Kirovsk Town), Viola × wittrockiana Gams ex Nauenb. et Buttler (vicinity of Kovda Settlement). The information on the new locations and distribution of 32 rare alien species in the region is provided. According to our preliminary assessment, the alien flora of the region includes 502 species, which is quite a lot for such a northern territory. The high diversity is associated with different pathways and time of introduction due to various aspects of human activity. Over the last decades, the most active colonization by non-native species of Murmansk region is associated with modern household plots, urban gardening, plant introduction in the Polar-alpine botanical garden-institute, places of storage of solid household waste and the use of imported soils for siding road slopes. The most remarkable occurrences of non-native species are at the sites of the abandoned settlements of the Finns and Norwegians, as well as at the places of military operations during the Second World War.


Objective: The significant metastatic potential of uveal melanoma (UVM) lends to high mortality. Even with successful local tumor treatment, many patients will develop metastatic disease. The present study aims to elucidate the relationship between tumor-infiltrating immune cell (TIIC) diversity and survival to identify potential therapeutic targets and improve UVM prognosis. Methods: Bulk deconvolution was used to determine the relative proportions of 22 hematopoietic TIIC from 80 UVM tumor samples. Cytolytic activity (CYT) was determined, and associated survival probabilities were mined using time-to-event data. Nominal P-values were subjected to FDR correction. Results: High relative abundance of tumor-infiltrating naïve B cells, resting memory CD4+ T cells, and monocytes correlated with better overall and disease-free survival probability. Low relative abundance of CD8+ T cells correlated with better overall survival and disease-free survival probability. CYT correlated positively with relative abundance of naïve B cells, resting memory CD4+ T cells, and monocytes. CYT correlated negatively with relative abundance of CD8+ T cells. Conclusion: Infiltrating naïve B cells, resting memory CD4+ T cells, monocytes, and CD8+ T cells are potential therapeutic targets in UVM that warrant further investigation. High CYT estimates associate with worse UVM survival outcomes.


A flame atomic absorption spectrophotometric(FAAS) method based on microwave digestion was proposed for the determination of seven metal elements(K,Ca,Mg,Fe,Mn,Zn and Cu) in sweet potato and purple sweet potato.It showed that both sweet potato and purple sweet potato were rich in the mental elements of K,Ca,Mg and Fe,while Mn,Zn and Cu were poor in them.There were some differences in the contents of seven mental elements between sweet potato and purple sweet potato.The contents of seven mental elements in purple sweet potato were higher than those in sweet potato.The recovery ratios by standard addition in a real sample were within the range of 98.5%~103.2%,with relative standard deviations(RSD) of no more than 3.14%.The results provided references for the quality evaluation about sweet potato and purple sweet potato.


To optimize the mechanical properties of a high strength low welding crack susceptibility steel,different temperature tempering tests were carried out on the hot-rolled steel plates in this study.Optical microscopy,scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy were employed to observe tempering microstructure evolution,and the relationship of tempering microstructures and corresponding mechanical properties was analyzed according to the results of mechanical properties tests.The results shows that the yield strength and tensile strength of 550 ℃ tempered specimens are increased by 115 MPa and 30 MPa,and the average impact absorbed energy is enhanced by 30 J compared with that of the hot rolled specimens.Microstructure analyses present that the specimens maintain relatively good boundary strengthening and dislocation strengthening effects.Meanwhile,that quite a number of fine precipitates disperse on dislocation lines is also an important factor to improve the strength.However,under the condition of 650 ℃ tempering,a new kind of martensite phase occurs along the boundary of prior austenite and degenerated boundary of lath bainite,and results in deterioration of toughness.


We have previously proposed the waveform equalization using a two-dimensional finite impulse response (TD-FIR) filter and the inter-track interference (ITI) canceller as a signal processing method for shingled magnetic recording (SMR) system. In this study, we propose a neural network detector (NND) to automate the iterative decoding in the future and evaluate the performance of the NND in SMR system. The result shows that our proposed NND shows almost the same performances as a combined system with TD-FIR filter and soft-output Viterbi algorithm (SOVA) detector with signal-dependent noise predictor.


In Burma, monks are promoting a new marriage law restricting interfaith marriages. They have used hateful anti-Muslim rhetoric and claimed that Buddhism, language, culture and the national identity is endangered. Since 2012, Burma has seen widespread anti-Muslim riots resulting in burned mosques and casualties instigated by the 969 movement. Burmese monks study in Sri Lanka where the Buda Bala Sena, ('Buddhist Power Force') movement runs a fierce anti-Muslim and anti-Christian campaign. There is a clear connection between the monks in these former British colonies where Buddhism was part of the nationalist anti-colonial struggle. Buddhism is still part of ongoing identity politics. Today's xenophobic Buddhist nationalism seems to contain a combination of the traditional Buddhist cosmological imaginary of a decline in the doctrine—a dark age of moral chaos, and a modern globalized imaginary of other religions—Islam and Christianity in particular—attempting to wipe out Buddhism. The article discusses how these religious imaginaries and monks are engaged in nationalist politics and absorb globally transmitted ideas of danger to religion and identity; and how these imaginaries are translated and localized to a modern context. This seems to be part of a globalized 'ontological scare' in Burma and Sri Lanka. The movements are generating xenophobic and fundamentalist views and using religion as a medium of violence.


Abstract The harmonious free play of the imagination and understanding is at the heart of Kant's account of beauty in the Critique of the Power of Judgement, but interpreters have long struggled to determine what Kant means when he claims the faculties are in a state of free play. In this article, I develop an interpretation of the free play of the faculties in terms of the freedom of attention. By appealing to the different way that we attend to objects in aesthetic experience, we can explain how the faculties are free, even when the subject already possesses a concept of the object and is bound to the determinate form of the object in perception.


For Powerline Communications (PLC) between Medium Voltage (MV) and Low Voltage (LV) sections of power grids, passing the signals `through' rather than `around' transformers is always preferable in terms of costs and safety hazards. However, this decision is often based on the transfer characteristics of the isolated transformer, as there is no benchmark method of evaluating PLC signal losses on these paths. This paper proposes a `unified' approach to PLC channel characterization, by concurrently considering the effect various impedances have on the channel communication interfaces. An experimental MV/LV grid consisting of line traps, couplers and a transformer was designed using this approach and simulated to determine insertion losses in the CENELEC band. Results show remarkable differences between the transformer characteristics in isolation and when included in the unified channel, thereby demonstrating the effectiveness of the approach for a realistic determination of PLC MV/LV channel characteristics with distribution transformers inclusive.


The recent introduction of nuclear active materials and their rapidly expanding use in scientific and technical fields have revived and sharpened interest in the pathogenic properties of all types of short-wave-length photon energy. While much work has been done on exposures and safe practices in the use of nuclear reactive materials, very little definite recent information exists on the danger to technicians and roentgenologic personnel from exposures to x-rays in normal diagnostic studies. Motivated by this lack of knowledge and by the new developments and renewed interest in the hazards associated with roentgenologic procedures, the Division of Industrial Health of the Michigan Department of Health made a study of the operation of fluoroscopic and roentgenographic installations in the eleven state mental hospitals, in a effort to determine whether personnel were being subjected to hazardous amounts of radiation, and if so, to devise control measures. Mental institutions in Michigan perform practically ...


Summary results and individual trial results from the International Early White Hybrid - IEWH, (Highland Early White Hybrids - CHTHEW) conducted in 2008.


In order to count and track copepods in three dimensions a multibeam sonar has been developed which operates at a frequency of 1.6 MHz. The sonar uses an analog version of a crossed array in order to localize animals in 2–4‐liter volumes. The system uses an 8×8 beam configuration to localize animals at subcentimeter accuracy in range and centimeter accuracy across track. Sensitivity was measured in a test tank via the injection of animals, and it was found that the system was capable of measuring reflections of animals as small as 1–2 mm at ranges of at least 2 m. In order to measure the behavior of the animals under different environmental conditions in situ, experiments were conducted in the Gulf of Eilat. Here, the sonar was mounted on a tripod and aimed horizontally. Processed results yielded over 200 000 individual tracks that lasted from 2 to 40 s. The results demonstrated that zooplankton retain their depth under up‐ and down‐welling currents of 1–2 cm/s (as measured with injected fluorescein dy...


Abstract : The question regarding the extent to which satellite sounding data can be used to determine atmospheric structure was addressed. Comparisons were made between rawinsonde and satellite profiles in seven areas for a wide range of surface and weather conditions. Variables considered consist of temperature, dewpoint temperature, thickness, precipitable water, lapse rate of temperature, stability, geopotential height, mixing ratio, wind direction, wind speed, and kinematic parameters including vorticity and the advection of vorticity and temperature. In addition, comparisons are made in the form of cross sections and synoptic fields for selected variables. Sounding data from both the NIMBUS-6 and TIROS-N satellites were used. The NIMBUS-6 data were linearly interpolated in order to obtain soundings coincident in time with the rawinsonde soundings. The TIROS-N data were obtained concurrently with the rawinsonde data and no interpolation was performed. Geostrophic wind computed from smoothed geopotential heights provided large-scale flow patterns that agreed well with the rawinsonde wind fields. Surface wind patterns as well as magnitudes computed by use of the log law to extrapolate wind to a height of 10 m agreed well with observations. The results of this study demonstrate rather conclusively that satellite profile data can be used to determine characteristics of large-scale systems, but that small-scale features such as frontal zones cannot yet be resolved satisfactorily.


The idea of gravitational-electromagnetic coupling producing mass, first hinted at by Albert Einstein, allows Isaac Newton's laws of motion and gravitation to be looked at differently. In turn, this gives a new perspective on dark energy, dark matter and expansion of the universe. The work of Stephen Hawking also proved essential to writing this article, which grew out of a discussion I started on the vixra forums (Ramanujan/Einstein are lucky they lived b4 modern "science" - http://vixra.freeforums.org/viewtopic.php?f=11&t=755). As I wrote there, "I've been thinking about John's comments on motion and gravity, as well as Harry's on expansion of the Universe. I started writing a reply and during the last week, I've found it getting combined with other thoughts of mine. In an attempt to explain everything that's relevant, it's been combining with other ideas I've previously written as well as new ideas that come to me while I'm typing, or sleeping. It surprises me, but all the ideas seem to fit together and they seem plausible (if somewhat speculative sometimes) when I check scientific references. So far, I've written 6,000 words and there's a lot more to cover in the rough draft I wrote. That's too much to post in the forum, so it'll have to be an article on vixra.org". By the way, this article reminds me of a "Star Trek" movie I saw in which Spock was writing something but was tempted to stop because it was so hard and seemingly beyond his abilities. Captain Kirk visited him from a year in the future and told Spock he would succeed. I've often felt tempted to give up on my typing. There have been no time-travelling visitors but the ideas that came to me were so satisfying - they encouraged me to somehow reach the end.


If the assumed model does not accurately capture the underlying structure of the data, a statistical method is likely to yield sub-optimal results, and so model selection is crucial in order to conduct any statistical analysis. However, in case of massive datasets, the selection of an appropriate model from a large pool of candidates becomes computationally challenging, and limited research has been conducted on data selection for model selection. In this study, we conduct subdata selection based on the A-optimality criterion, allowing to perform model selection on a smaller subset of the data. We evaluate our approach based on the probability of selecting the best model and on the estimation efficiency through simulation experiments and two real data applications.


Acoustic metamaterials have opened promising opportunities for manipulation of low-frequency sound and development of compact structures with a broadband acoustic performance for noise mitigation applications, room, and architectural acoustics. So far, several mechanisms have been studied to achieve broadband sound absorption at subwavelength frequencies, when the system thickness is much smaller than the wavelength of sound waves. In this paper, we analyze two other approaches based on the use of interacting and coupled resonators with the aim to further reduce a structural thickness. We numerically demonstrate that properly designed panels with interacting resonators allow extending a single-peak absorption to broadband frequencies, while coupled resonators enable achieving broadband absorption at several frequency ranges. The developed designs are inspired by ancient Slavic folk patterns, attracting attention by their delicate ligature, multi-layered structure, and concealed meaning. Our results open new possibilities for creating acoustic metamaterials with art effects, which provide meaning to occupied space and make these metamaterials more appealing for applications.


A MEMS-tunable conformal frequency-selective surface (FSS) monolithically integrated onto a novel bulk micromachined rigid-flex Kapton substrate has been fabricated and tested. The FSS structure switches between the Ku and Ka bands with good correlation between simulated and measured results. In addition to added reconfigurablility for multi-band reflector antennas, the structure facilitates MEMS-based tunable conformal radomes capable of high-frequency operation in the Ka band and beyond.


The recent advancements and replete improvements within data technology, along with the availability of computers to all individuals, have escalated technology diffusion as a part of education. Several advancements, for example, intelligent tutoring system, and computer-based learning and learning through web courses have envisaged the concept of learning through virtual applications. Various scholars have presented their alternate points of view about learning through virtual reality applications. Media of communication keeps central importance when web learning is mentioned. The students could collaborate, learn and devise through virtual learning environments using online media which is extremely proficient and comprehensive. Consequently, authoritative productivity increments are a normal outcome by enhancing the educational environment and devices through inventive frameworks, other than such advancements that are actualised to expand just the individual proficiency. The obstructions existing against expanding the effectiveness of the technology diffusion in educational institutions have been recognised, recorded by various conceivable studies evaluating these snags assessing the proficiency of the diffusion of technology in educational institutions. Lecturers oppose to the use of inventive technological frameworks in educational institutions by questioning the framework reliability and in alliance to their own technical skills. This research paper describes the effectiveness in utilising the technology diffusion within the educational institutions for innovative learning.


Immigration officers while implementing their functions as well as state gatekeepers have a very important role in the situation of the spread of the covid-19 virus in the world. Immigration has four functions of immigration, namely service, security, law enforcement, and facilitator for state development. In a scientific paper with the theme of analysis of law enforcement and immigration control with case studies of the entry of Chinese nationals in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic. where law enforcement and supervision of people during the current pandemic is very risky because it will have a number of differences where in this difficult time or in the New Normal adaptation period in Indonesia, immigration can actually develop and adjust in law enforcement both Indonesian citizens and foreigners. The government itself, in collaboration with the Directorate General of Immigration, provides new regulations and policies relating to the implementation of the main duties and functions of immigration, including including law. This scientific work aims to provide an explanation regarding immigration law enforcement and the supervision of foreigners carried out during the Covid-19 pandemic, and is also based on Indonesian government policies, especially immigration in preventing the spread of Covid-19.


Many theories for diffuse reflection spectrometry have been reported, but none allow concentrations to be obtained with as good accuracy as other sampling techniques. In this article, the more important theories of diffuse reflection are described. Diffusely reflected radiation usually follows the Lambert cosine law. Early theories of light scattering were developed about 100 years ago by Mie and Schuster, and most current treatments are based on one of these two theories. The equation derived by Kubelka and Munk for the diffuse reflectance of a powder was essentially identical to the equation that was derived by Schuster for the radiation scattered from a very dilute suspension of particles. Other workers considered the effect of anisotropic scattering, which are usually too complicated to apply to powdered solids. Application of the Kubelka–Munk equation shows why mid-infrared diffuse reflection spectrometry is an excellent microsampling technique, unless the matrix in which the analyte is dispersed has significant absorption.

Keywords:

diffuse reflection theories;
Lambert cosine law;
Mie theory;
Schuster theory;
theory of Kubelka and Munk;
anisotropic scattering;
microsampling;
matrix absorption


Case history data and data from recent experiments indicate that currently used methods for evaluating seismically induced lateral earth pressure are conservative and can potentially lead to overdesign. This paper reviews commonly used methods (e.g., Mononobe-Okabe, M-O, method) and discusses wedge size issues in the calculation of seismically induced lateral earth pressures for retaining structures. Unlike the M-O method, wherein the critical wedge is dependent on seismic intensity, a fixed-wedge approach is proposed in this study on the basis of observations from case histories, experiments, and FEM analysis results. The earth pressures calculated by the proposed procedure agree well with recent experiments. Hence, the fixed-wedge approach is recommended in lieu of the M-O method.


The problem of a single name for several persons is avoided but can not be eliminated in the person-naming. This article makes a full farmland investigation, including their repetitions of name, from the examples of nearly 40,000 persons in Dongyou of Jian'ou, Fujian, and explores the nature of the causes to lead the repetitions of name and the effective strategies to avoid the repetitions.


Causal reasoning is a hard task that cognitive agents perform reliably and quickly. A particular class of causal reasoning that raises several difficulties is the cancellation class. Cancellation occurs when a set of causes (hypotheses) cancel each other's explanation with respect to a given effect (observation). For example, a cloudy sky may suggest a rainy weather; whereas a shiny sky may suggest the absence of rain. In this work we extend a recent neural model to handle cancellation interactions. Simulation results are very satisfactory and should encourage research.


We investigate a branching random walk where the displacements are independent from the branching mechanism and have a stretched exponential distribution. We describe the positions of the particles in the vicinity of the rightmost particle in terms of point process convergence. As a consequence we give a~new limit theorem for the position of the rightmost particle. Our methods rely on providing precise large deviations for sums of i.i.d. random variables with stretched exponential distributions outside the so-called one big jump regime.


During the first day of VMworld 2013 in San Francisco VMware announced the release of vSphere 5.5 (the general availability has not yet been disclosed). ...


Hajipour and co-workers recently evaluated two options for surgical hand antisepsis (3-minute hand wash with either chlorhexidine or alcohol gel) and concluded that the use of alcohol was associated with a higher risk of bacterial contamination of surgeons' hands and that it is not a suitable alternative to chlorhexidine when washing hands before surgery. Based on their research, I would be very reluctant to draw this conclusion and would like to address some major points of concern.

The end-point of their study is the number of colonies on agar plates after fingertip agar imprints obtained from surgeons' hands after taking off surgical gloves. Apparently, the agar did not contain any neutralising agents in order to inactivate residual chlorhexidine. This is a major scientific bias. Bacteria may well be present on a hand and transferred to the agar but may not multiply on it due to residual chlorhexidine in a bacteriostatic concentration leading to a significant overestimation of the efficacy of chlorhexidine.1 That is why I would consider all data obtained in the chlorhexidine group to be invalid.

It is also not acceptable to mention only 'alcohol gel'. The efficacy of an alcohol-based hand rub depends on the type and concentration of alcohol, the application time and the viscosity.2 Many gels have a concentration of alcohol below 70% and have been described to be significantly less effective compared with rinses containing 75% alcohol or more.3 Well-formulated, alcohol-based hand rubs are also significantly more effective than antimicrobial soaps when tested with a 3-minute application time.4 In addition, well-formulated, alcohol-based hand rubs may reveal their efficacy within 1.5 minutes5 which may not even be achieved with some of the antimicrobial soaps in 3 minutes.4

There is much valid evidence in the literature that well-formulated, alcohol-based hand rubs provide a better and faster efficacy and a better dermal tolerance in comparison to antimicrobial soaps.2 I just hope that research with rather invalid methods does not encourage surgeons to go back to the secondbest option in surgical hand antisepsis.


The paper analyses the swift growth of bank loans granted to the nongovernmental sector with a special attention on the case of Romania, concluding that it creates several perils for the macroeconomic and financial stability.


The use of herbs for therapeutic purposes has been widespread since ancient times. In traditional treatments, plants are applied in a variety of forms, either directly or prepared by isolation and / or enrichment of biologically active ingredients. Momordica charantia L. (bitter melon) is a popular bush that has traditional use as a supplement in the treatment of various diseases with its rich bioactive ingredient content. The plant has common pharmacological potential, including antimicrobial, antimutagenic, antifertility, antidiabetic, antioxidant, antilipolytic, hypoglycemic, anticancer, antimicrobial, antiviral and hepatoprotective activities. This review provides a short overview of the in vitro, in vivo and clinical studies conducted to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy and safety of Momordica charantia .


In conventional superconductors the magnitude of the pairing fluctuation is primarily determined by Tc and the superconducting (SC) coherence length, {\xi}. In systems with strong structural and electronic anisotropies, the interlayer separation, s, plays a significant role. In cuprates, the pseudogap (PG) correlation induces a downturn in the temperature dependent resistivity. As Tc is approached from above, this downturn in the resistivity is supposed to either i) add to or ii) join smoothly to that due to paraconductivity caused by short-lived Cooper pairs. It is important to differentiate between these two possibilities since they are closely linked to the origin of the PG. It would be reasonable to assume that if the first scenario is correct then the PG has a non-SC origin, while the second scenario, if found to hold, would relate precursor pairing to the PG correlations. We have studied the in-plane fluctuation conductivity of two c-axis oriented thin films of Y0.95Ca0.05Ba2Cu3O7-d with similar hole contents (p), p = 0.165 (optimally doped) and p = 0.184 (slightly overdoped). The hole contents are fixed at these values so that the PG affects the resistivity data only at temperatures close to Tc. Analysis of paraconductivity, {\Delta}{\sigma}ab(T), within the mean-field Gaussian Ginzburg-Landau (MFGGL) framework reveals different features for the optimally doped (OPD) and the slightly overdoped (SOD) compounds. The excess conductivity due to Cooper pair fluctuations of the SOD sample can be described reasonably well by the MFGGL formalism. The excess conductivity of the OPD compound, on the other hand, cannot be accounted for by the MFGGL formalism with reasonable set of parameters. There is a significant added contribution to {\Delta}{\sigma}ab(T) for the OPD sample which appears to come from the presence of a PG. These findings point towards a non-pairing origin of the PG.


Surgical correction of presbyopia is an area of intense research and development. Although it would be ideal to prevent or reverse hardening of the crystalline lens, this is not currently a viable therapeutic option. In recent years, many different surgical procedures have been developed to allow near vision. This issue of Ophthalmology Rounds provides an overview of the procedures and related devices currently in use or in development for the treatment of presbyopia. All refractive and cataract patients should understand the advantages and disadvantages of the various presbyopic procedures. Although technology will continue to advance, there are real clinical benefits to the presbyopic options that can be offered today.


Objective Analysing atypical metastasis tumor in lung present,improves to the cognition about the disease.Mothods Retroversion analysis for 41 cases of atypical metastasis tumor in lung by approve of clinical pathology about CT characteristic,explore the relation between metastasis tumor and primary tumor.Result there are 15 cases of cavitary atype metastasis,6 cases of calcified metastasis type,5 cases of metastasis tumour containing air inbranches,3 cases of solitary mass metastasis type,3 cases of diffuse miliary nodules type,5 cases of plains such as mark of leaf,coarse characteristic type,2 cases of endobronchial metastasis,spontaneity pneumothorax.Conclusion Metastasis tumor in lung are able to show various s atypical signs,knows well that these signs treat the portrait diagnose and clinical having importance significant.