Keith, Julia Elizabeth. Molecular Characterization of Microbial Populations in Full-Scale Activated Sludge Plants and Bioaugmentation Sites. (Under the direction of Francis de los Reyes.) The application of molecular biology techniques to the study of wastewater treatment and bioaugmentation was demonstrated in three studies. In the first study, full scale activated sludge treatment plants in North Carolina were surveyed to (1) determine the extent of filamentous bulking and foaming, and (2) relate these problems to the microbial community structures in the activated sludge reactors. Oligonucleotide probes targeting the rRNA of the major sublasses of the Proteobacteria, the mycolic acid containing actinomycetes (mycolata) and Sphaerotilus natans were used in quantitative hybridizations with samples from sixteen full scale plants. The survey results showed that 88% and 63% of plants in North Carolina have experienced bulking and foaming, respectively. No statistically significant correlations between the frequency and severity of foaming and the levels of any of the microbial groups were observed. However, several of the plants that had the most severe foaming problems had high levels of mycolata and alpha Proteobacteria. Bulking in the sampled plants is probably not caused by Sphaerotilus natans but by other filaments, or other floc characteristics. The sampling protocol raised questions about possible change between collection and analysis, and a second study was designed to determine optimal storage conditions. Quantitative hybridizations with the same set of probes used in the first study showed that treatment with chloramphenicol proved best in minimizing change over time in wastewater samples. However, storage at room temperature was also a viable storage option. In the third study, molecular methods were used to detect the bacterium Bacillus DA33 in augmented wastewater and soil samples. A probe targeting the 16S rRNA of this organism was designed and characterized for use in quantitative membrane hybridizations. Because a unique target sequence was not available within the 16S rRNA, another probe, this time targeting the 16S-23S intergenic spacer region, was designed and characterized. Hybridization results showed that levels of Bacillus DA33 were higher in soil than in wastewater. In several bioaugmented soil and wastewater samples, Bacillus DA33 had higher levels than in non-bioaugmented samples, but the results were mixed in other cases. Molecular methods allow us to analyze environmental samples in more detail. Integrating these methods in future studies of wastewater treatment and bioaugmentation should provide more information that will help improve design and operation. Molecular Characterization of Microbial Populations in Full-Scale Activated Sludge Plants and Bioaugmentation Sites


ABSTRACT This discussion considers potential future developments in the design and making of our material goods so that they may become not only more consistent with the social and environmental aspects of sustainability, but also more enduring and personally meaningful elements of our culture. Four disparate artifacts are examined that respectively represent cultural meaning, utilitarian meaning, an unsuccessful combination of the two, and finally a successful integration. This leads to a set of conclusions that are relevant to the design, production, and use of contemporary products, and is particularly relevant to the design and production of the myriad short-lived electronic goods that are proving so problematic in their disposal. An alternative approach is considered that is characterized here as an "Endure and Evolve" scenario.


Current-driven spin-orbit-torque (SOT)-induced device is a promising candidate with nonvolatility, low energy consumption, and ultrafast speed for the next-generation storage and computing technique. However, the requirement of the assistant magnetic field hinders its application. Besides, the switching current density in SOT-induced devices still needs to be further reduced. Here, we prepared devices with stacks of Ta/Pt100-<italic>x</italic>W<italic>x</italic>/Co/AlO<italic>y</italic>/Pt and systematically investigated changes in the switching efficiency with W content. A high damping-like effective field per unit current density <italic>η</italic>DL up to 40.57 ± 3.32 (Oe/(106 A/cm2)) was observed in the device with a Pt74W26 layer, which is one order of magnitude higher than that in the typical spin-orbit devices with pure heavy metal layer reported in the previous articles. In addition, field-free switching is observed in devices with a wide range of W content using the competing spin currents generated from the Pt100-<italic>x</italic>W<italic>x</italic> layer. Zero-field switching (ZFS) critical current densities of them are less than 1.09 ± 0.05 (107 A/cm2) with the minimum of 1.58 ± 0.13 (106 A/cm2), indicating the highly efficient field-free spin-orbit switching in the PtW system. Our findings pave the way to high-energy-efficiency spin-orbit devices.


mended that ASST be carried out in conjunction with the basophil histamine-release assay to demonstrate autoantibody specificity (6). The assay was negative in our patients, which could suggest a different possible cause of autoreactivity, although there were no other signs of chronic inflammatory or autoimmune disease. There have been no previous reports of IA with HI in a pediatric patient. Whether this is pure coincidence or the result of a common underlying pathogenetic mechanism remains to be seen. Histamine is a biogenic amine, affecting human organs and systems in multiple ways. Symptoms of excessive histamine in plasma manifest as acute pseudoallergic illness with skin rash, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and/or respiratory distress. HI describes a state where catabolic capacity for endogenously released or exogenously administered histamine is insufficient, leading to histamine-mediated adverse reactions. People with low intestinal histamine inactivation or inhibition of this activity suffer from HI. This diagnosis is based on the careful recording of symptoms and the identification of intestinal or serum activities of DAO and histamine N-methyltransferase (HMT). It may be complemented by an analysis of DAO and HMT gene polymorphisms to identify a possible genetic predisposition. We measured DAO by enzyme immunoassay analysis in serum samples (10). For evaluation, we used the manufacturer's recommended reference values, and all our patients had highly reduced activity of DAO <40 HDU/ml. The only effective therapy for HI is the avoidance of histamine-containing food, and our patients were advised to follow a histamine-free diet. Controlled trials demonstrating the efficacy of DAO substitution with fresh encapsulated enzymes are still lacking. It has been demonstrated that DAO activity increases in patients on a histamine-free diet, which could be a possible explanation for improvement and remission in case 1 and case 3, respectively. Symptomsandclassifications of IA in thepediatric population are the sameas those inadults, andadult treatment regimenshave been applied to children (2, 3). Two patients were considered to have generalized infrequent IA, and the third had generalized frequent IA (2, 3). Patients were instructed to carry epinephrine and were taught to self-administer it. We suggested prednisone therapy with antihistamine for the third patient, but the parents, fearing the side effects of corticosteroid, accepted only antihistamine daily. The girl has been in remission for 6 months. Idiopathic anaphylaxis has been classified and treated successfully, but the underlying mechanism of this disorder has yet to be revealed. The observation that IA is a steroidresponsive disorder indicates a possible autoimmune etiology. Pediatric IA can show up at any age; therefore, it is important to recognize it so that it may be appropriately treated. This potentially life-threatening syndrome can be successfully managed, and in the majority of patients with IA, the frequency of episodes often declines with age.


This reserch adoptted advance raising technology on performance of large White for 15 years in farm To compare whih 15 years before,The performance was increased quickly Except keepping higher breeding character,the ADG of 165 days increased from 577 6g to 823g significantly (P0 01),F/G reduced from 3 45 to 2 57 significantly (P0 01),Lean meat percent was increased from 56 87% to 65 32% significantly(P0 01) Obviously,deffrent raising technology has changed the shorcoming of lower growth rate and lower feed conversion and lower lean meat of large white


The arguments about the managerial patterns of scenic spots have been a long time.First,the author reviews and comments on the theoretical achievements on the managerial patterns of scenic spots in China,then,sums up the major problems concerning with systematic innovation,analyses the impetus mechanism and restrictions of the transition of the managerial patterns,and references the theoretical achievements and the successful experiences of management in foreign countries,finally the author puts forward suggestions on the managerial patterns of scenic spots:(1)Define the property right situation of scenic spots from the national legal level.(2)Develop implementation details of the operation and management of scenic spots.(3)Establish a wide range of governance models according to the grade of scenic spots.(4)Establish selective incentives and monitoring mechanisms.


This paper proposes an ontology-driven self-adapting approach in the semi-structured Web information extraction field, where ontology provides semantic support and plays a central role during the extraction process. It outperforms traditional wrapper systems in adaptiveness and maintenance. Firstly, we build a domain-dependant ontology. Then we design three templates generating algorithms, which have self-adaptiveness and self-maintenance based on the ontology, to perform Web page information extraction. Experiment results show that our prototype system can achieve 100% recall and 97.64% precision.


Abstract Thin-film ZnS is highly insulating until the applied field rises above approximately 1 MVcm−1. The current then rises almost exponentially with increasing voltage, and current densities in excess of 1 A cm−2 2 can be maintained. If the ZnS is doped with Mn, the resulting efficient electroluminescence provides a means of spatially and temporally mapping the local current density. Device behaviour under both steady-state and non-equilibrium conditions has been investigated including laterally uniform current, filamentary current flow, kinetic electroluminescence and negative-capacitance behaviour. This behaviour is inconsistent with previously reported transport models but can be understood, at least qualitatively, within the framework of the novel high-field transport mechanism proposed. This is based on tunnelling from states within the bandgap and the dynamics of interacting regions of space charge within the ZnS.


Background: Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a rare progressive and lethal disease affecting pulmonary arteries and heart function. The disease may compromise the nutritional status of the patient, which impairs their physical performance. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of micronutrient deficiencies in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and chronic thrombo-embolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) patients. Methods: Eighty-one blood samples from a prospective observational cohort study were analyzed for concentrations of micronutrients and inflammation-related factors. The samples consisted of newly diagnosed (treatment-naive) PAH and CTEPH patients and patients treated for 1.5 years according to ERS/ESC guidelines. Results: In the newly diagnosed group, 42% of PAH patients and 21% of CTEPH patients were iron deficient compared to 29% of PAH patients and 20% of CTEPH patients in the treatment group. Vitamin D deficiency occurred in 42% of the newly diagnosed PAH patients, 71% of the newly diagnosed CTEPH patients, 68% of the treated PAH patients, and 70% of the treated CTEPH patients. Iron levels correlated with the 6 min walking distance (6MWD). Conclusions: Iron and vitamin D deficiencies are highly prevalent in PAH and CTEPH patients, underlining the need for monitoring their status. Studies evaluating the effects of supplementation strategies for iron and vitamin D are necessary.


The parable of Matthew presents a judgment to nations contrary to the general imagination, where people are prosecuted, not for their religious works but, in relation to the evidence of practice in social action in favor of those who need it most. Revealing a Jesus, Judge and King to call all people to account, pointing to social justice as a central point, in relation to the works of love and mercy in favor of the marginalized, the poor and those who suffer in the world that is the reflection of Jesus. Giving as a sentence, the welcome to those who have done so, and rejecting those who for lack of love did not. The parable of the Gospel of Matthew 25, 31-46 in a text message reading seeks to move the churches to retrace their steps and rediscover the book of the same friend of the gospel in his mission and vision, in favor of development actions ecclesial, with special emphasis on the values of diakonia, related to healing, restitution and the construction of fairer realities for those who are in need or a situation of exclusion and injustice. That says bases are the key point of departure, to emerge as a new church model that acquires greater responsibility in the social and political life of our Colombian context.


Abraham Uyovbisere has been labelled a feminist for making numerous naturalistic images of females (Akintunde-Johnson 1989, Njoagwu, 1993). A good number of his paintings are semi nude representations of the female and are therefore covered from the waist downwards leaving the upper body completely bare. This raises questions about why an artist who has been publicly regarded as a feminist makes such images. Furthermore, it is necessary to ascertain whether the paintings in question validate or reinforce feministic ideals. Given that Freud established that the natural human is prone to distortions and censorship of original intentions (Richards, 1973), Shank and Tilley's (1987) proposed method of "decent ring" the artist from the analysis of his work was used in the critical and contextual analyses of randomly selected semi nude paintings. Feminist positions on female imagery formed the interpretive context. The results of the analyses revealed that Abraham Uyovbisere employs the wrap to serve euphemistic purposes in his semi-nude female representations. It was also observed that when viewed from the feministic standpoint, the semi-nude paintings are objectified images of the female gender and are therefore an affront to feminism.


Recognising dyslexia C Wales 153 Parents' expectations of symptom relief for their children R Sweeney 154 A survey of diabetes care in general practice in Northern Ireland C Kenny and M Pierce 154 Disadvantages of chronic disease templates in primary care consultations J N H Eisenberg 155 New GP contract and European definition T D Richards 155 Measuring consultation skills R C Fraser and R K McKinley 156 The role of GPs in medical student education A Kapoor 156 All letters are subject to editing and may be shortened. Letters should be sent to the BJGP office by e-mail in the first instance, addressed to email@example.com (please include your postal address). Alternatively, they may be sent by post (please use double spacing and, if possible, include a MS Word or plain text version on an IBM PC-formatted disk). We regret that we cannot notify authors regarding publication. LETTERS Driving while under the influence of insulin Dr Ian Hill-Smith's letter (December BJGP) raises several issues. Clearly, testing before driving is advisable and it is possible to predict whether blood glucose will rise or fall according to when food was last eaten and the time and dose of insulin. Surely doctors have a duty to advise this, and patients clearly have a duty to themselves and other road users to utilise the advice. I am interested to know why the diabetes nurse in question believed that to test every time before driving would be foolish. Clearly there may be exceptions, such as when diabetes is very stable and the patient has eaten within the past two hours or performed a test in the past two hours. Was this belief a result of not wanting to be presented with a battery of test results at the next clinic appointment, or concern regarding the cost of test-ing? The author commented that 80% of drivers would not have adequate strips prescribed to test before driving. This highlights the lack of adequate self care of many patients with insulin-treated diabetes. It is disconcerting that they are not testing frequently or that healthcare professionals are not encouraging them to do so. I believe this will have to change if we are to attempt to meet National Service Framework targets for gly-caemic control, as this will increase the risk of hypoglycaemia and will require increasingly intensive insulin regimens and self-adjustment of insulin. The increased risk of hypogly-caemia from …


The c.1‐67C variant polymorphism in a GATA motif of the FY promoter is known to result in erythroid‐specific FY silencing, that is, in Fy(a−) and Fy(b−) phenotypes. A Caucasian donor presented with the very rare Fy(a−b−) phenotype and was further investigated.


The Heisenberg–Ising spin ladder is one of the few short-range models showing confinement of elementary excitations without the need of an external field, neither transverse nor longitudinal. This feature makes the model suitable for an experimental realization with ultracold atoms. In this paper, we combine analytic and numerical techniques to precisely characterize its spectrum in the regime of Hamiltonian parameters showing confinement. We find two kinds of particles, which we dub intrachain and interchain mesons, that correspond to bound states of kinks within the same chain or between different ones, respectively. The ultimate physical reasons leading to the existence of two families of mesons is a residual double degeneracy of the ground state: the two types of mesons interpolate either between the same vacuum (intrachain) or between the two different ones (interchain). While the intrachain mesons can also be qualitatively assessed through an effective mean field description and were previously known, the interchain ones are new and they represent general features of spin ladders with confinement.


The present invention relates to a video display apparatus and a control method thereof provided with a recording information to provide information about recordings on the video display device having a storage function capabilities. That is, by the present invention display at regular intervals a small thumbnail image according to the user's demand in an area that is progress (Progress) bar (Bar) indicating the recording information that is stored in the storage unit to be displayed progress (Progress) bar (Bar) It will have to provide visual information of where located. Therefore, the image display device having the service record information function according to the present invention and its control method Progress (Progress) bar, nor be able to display the recording information in accordance with the position of (Bar), while recording a different channel or a different external inputs can determine, even when viewing a signal for recording information through the progress (progress) bar (bar) and a thumbnail, there is an effect that at the same time as domoham the user's convenience can improve the user experience. Record / Information


Over the twentieth century, Sahel rainfall has undergone extreme variations on a decadal timescale. This study investigated the recent precipitation changes in West African Sahel using a high-resolution Climate Hazards Group InfraRed Precipitation with Station (CHIRPS) product over the period 1981−2014. We found that the recent increase in precipitation results principally from an increase in the number of wet days (+10 d compared to the normal) over the entire West African Sahel band, along with an increase in the precipitation intensity over the central part of the West African Sahel (+3 mm d−1). However, this overall increase in precipitation is associated with dry spells that are becoming more frequent but on average shorter over the entire West African Sahel band (on average by 30%), and with precipitation intensity that is decreasing (around 3 mm d−1 during the study period) in the western part of the West African Sahel (Senegal). Such reorganization (i.e. weaker but more frequent precipitation) is expected to be beneficial for agriculture and society, reducing the likelihood of both flooding and droughts.


The new generation of traffic signal control system ACTRA was introduced.Its domestic application was analyzed.The system's working pattern and the modular design feature were pointed out.The system's control optimization algorithm was stressed.The application of the simulation software Synchro to ACTRA was also discussed.


Subdwarf B (sdB) stars (and related sdO/sdOB stars) are believed to be helium-core-burning objects with very thin hydrogen-rich envelopes. In recent years it has become increasingly clear from observational surveys that a large fraction of these objects are members of binary systems. To understand their formation better, we present the results of a detailed investigation of the three main binary evolution channels that can lead to the formation of sdB stars: the common-envelope (CE) ejection channel, the stable Roche lobe overflow (RLOF) channel, and the double helium white dwarfs (WDs) merger channel. The CE ejection channel leads to the formation of sdB stars in short-period binaries with typical orbital periods between 0.1 and 10 d, very thin hydrogen-rich envelopes and a mass distribution sharply peaked around similar to0.46 M-.. On the other hand, under the assumption that all mass transferred is soon lost, the stable RLOF channel produces sdB stars with similar masses but long orbital periods (400-1500 d) and with rather thick hydrogen-rich envelopes. The merger channel gives rise to single sdB stars whose hydrogen-rich envelopes are extremely thin but which have a fairly wide distribution of masses (0.4-0.65 M-.). We obtained the conditions for the formation of sdB stars from each of these channels using detailed stellar and binary evolution calculations where we modelled the detailed evolution of sdB stars and carried out simplified binary population synthesis simulations. The observed period distribution of sdB stars in compact binaries strongly constrains the CE ejection parameters. The best fits to the observations are obtained for very efficient CE ejection where the envelope ionization energy is included, consistent with previous results. We also present the distribution of sdB stars in the T (eff) -log g diagram, the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram and the distribution of mass functions.


TLS proxies are widely deployed by organizations to enable security
features and apply enterprise policies. This document defines a TLS
proxy and discusses a wide range of security requirements to guide TLS
proxy implementations.


First, this chapter traces how the concept of atmosphere has evolved in the fields of theology, philosophy, geography, sociology, psychology and architecture. Then it analyses the question of how to describe atmospheres and how to deepen the perception of atmospheres through market research. Finally, the chapter discusses the possibilities and limits of naming and typologising atmospheres.


In this study, we investigated the growth characteristics of offspring derived from females with different body sizes in the red swamp crafish Procambarus clarkia. The results showed that after 40 days cultivation, the juveniles between female parents with larger body size and smaller body size had no significant differences in body weight between the two groups(P0.05). However, when compared with the offspring derived from larger females, those derived from smaller females exhibited a higher level of variation in body weight and length but a lower rate of survival. After graded, the juveniles were cultivated for 40 more days. It showed that the growth of offsprins derived from two sizes of females parents had highly significant difference(P0.01), the values of weight and body length of offspring derived from female parents of larger size were bigger than those derived from smaller females. However, the variation coefficient of body weight and length significantly decreased as the cultivation time increased.


crystal symmetry class C6 has been reported earlier 3. In extension of these measurements the author has made polariton scattering using the effects due to refractive indices described above. An argon laser with A = 5145Ä was used to excite the spectra. The dimensions of the crystal sample were ~ 10 x 10 x 12 mm3. Using ordinary incident and scattered photons a shift of the polariton associated with the phonon at 795 c m 1 could be observed from 795 to 770 cm 1 . This result was already reported 3. However, using extraordinary incident and scattered photons, the polariton could be observed moving to 747 c m 1 at qp = 0° — x(zz)x . The same scattering arrangement showed, that in addition a polariton associated with the A-phonon at 328 c m 1 moved to 264 c m 1 at 9̂ = 0,9° inside the sample.


The authors review the decision‐making since the Labour Government came into office (November 2007). The Australian Government's 'Carbon Pollution Reduction Scheme' White Paper (15 December 2008) proposes that an Australian Emissions Trading Scheme (AETS) be implemented in mid‐2010. Acknowledging that the scheme is comprehensive, the paper finds that in many cases, Australia will take a softer approach to climate change through the AETS than the European Union ETS (EUETS). The paper assesses key issues in the White Paper such as emissions reduction targets, GHG coverage, sectoral coverage, inclusion of unlimited quantities of offsets from Kyoto international markets and exclusion of deforestation activities.


[Objective]The purpose was to investigate the influencing factors of extracted rate of lycopene and optimize its extraction technology.[Method]The lycopene was extracted by solvent method and the influences of extractant species and dosage,extraction temperature,extraction time and pH value on the extracted rate of lycopene were investigated through single factor experiments.[Result]The extracted rate of lycopene of extraction with chloroform-acetone(2∶1) mixture as extractant was highest and that of extraction with petroleum ether as extractant was lowest.When the extraction temperature was lower than 70 ℃,the extracted rate of lycopene was increased obviously along with the increase of temperature and it was going to be invariable when the temperature exceeded 70 ℃.In the initial extraction,the extracted rate of lycopene was increased along with the increase of time and it was going to be stable after 80 min.When the pH value was 6.0,the extracted rate of lycopene was highest.When the ratio of liquid to material was lower than 4∶1,the extracted rate of lycopene was increased obviously along with the increase of the ratio of liquid to material;but it was decreased when the ratio of liquid to material was higher than 4∶1.[Conclusion]With chloroform-acetone(2∶1) mixture as extractant,when the ratio of liquid to material was 4∶1,the extraction temperature was 70 ℃,the extraction time was 80 min and the pH value was 6.0,the extraction effect of lycopene was best.


A complex collimation system is installed in the Large Hadron Collider to protect sensitive equipment from unavoidable beam losses. The collimators are positioned close to the beam in the form of a hierarchy, which is guaranteed by precisely aligning each collimator with a precision of a few tens of micrometers. During past years, collimator alignments were performed semi-automatically, such that collimation experts had to be present to oversee and control the alignment. In 2018, machine learning was introduced to develop a new fully-automatic alignment tool, which was used for collimator alignments throughout the year. This paper discusses how machine learning was used to automate the alignment, whilst focusing on the operational results obtained when testing the new software in the LHC. Automatically aligning the collimators decreased the alignment time at injection by a factor of three whilst maintaining the accuracy of the results.


With the increasing age and life expectancy of the population (1) and the higher incidence of thromboembolic disease in older age groups (2-4) the problems of phlebothrombosis are becoming increasingly urgent. Particularly needed is more information concerning the etiology and pathologic physiology of venous thrombosis, so that adequate measures may be taken to prevent its consequences. The present communication presents the results of experiments upon one of the factors recognized as important in the formation of intravenous clots, namely, the velocity of venous flow. In 1856, Virchow postulated that alterations of the blood current, of the blood chemistry and of the blood vessel wall, are factors important in the etiology of venous thrombosis (5). Since then numerous papers have been devoted to alterations of the vessel wall and of the blood chemistry and morphology but only scant and sporadic attention has been paid to changes in the venous current. It has been shown by careful pathological and roentgenographic studies that the deep venous system of the calf is the most important site of development of phlebothrombosis leading to pulmonary embolism (6-10). It has also been suspected that slowing of the venous current contributes to this situation (11-14). However, as yet, no one has related a slowing of flow to anatomic abnormalities in the deep veins of the leg nor has the effect of compression on the velocity of flow been previously reported. In this study particular attention was paid to the general form of the deep veins of the calf as well as to the velocity of flow and the effects of local compression.


Yesterday I visited with Stan Letovsky of Andersen Consulting, Chicago. The purpose of the visit was to explore the possibility of using Boyer-Moore theorem prover [Boyer-Moore 88, Boyer-Moore 79], or something like it, in some capacity related to their part in the KBSA (Knowledge-Based Software Assistant) project, [kbsa 83]. Stan proposed a little example for us to work on, which I'll describe presently.


Introduction: Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) results in significant mortality and morbidity, half of which occurs in the first 6 hours. Patients surviving beyond the initial trauma are prone to med...


The main aim of this paper is to show that one can combine Russell's view about the truth conditions of sentences containing definite descriptions with the view that they are referring expressions. Defending this thesis requires a positive account of a referring expression as one which plays a distinctive role in contributing to truth conditions, and releasing the notion from various accretions (that referring expressions must be simple, must have a referent, or require an understander to be en rapport with their referent). The envisaged role in truth conditions is given in terms of subject–predicate sentences: their truth requires there to be something to which the subject-expression refers and of which the predicate is true; falsehood is absence of truth. This is an essentially free logical truth condition, for it treats subject–predicate sentences with subject expressions which lack a referent as false. No distinction is made between subject expressions and referring expressions; and it is argued that although it is easy to state lines of demarcation, it is hard to justify them. The view that definite descriptions are referring expressions aligns with some commonsensical intuitions, and by hypothesis cannot be accused by Russellians of assigning incorrect truth conditions. At first sight it may seem that the referential view is more easily extended to a unified account of the operation of "the" as it combines with plural predicates and mass terms, but I show that both approaches can give correct truth conditions in a systematic way. The referential view yields homophonic truth conditions, while the Russellian approach yields heterophonic ones. I suggest that this makes the former better adapted to the demands of a theory of meaning, and the latter better adapted to providing an explanation of how there can be a single concept, expressed by "the", which combines with a variety of kinds of expression, including mass terms and plural predicates. Referring Descriptions


Characteristic technology is the hotspot at all times for the study on the fields of computer aided design and manufacturing.Due to the complexity and the uncertainty of itself,thus let the description and operation of the freedom characteristics become quite difficult.From the angle of knowledge reuse the designing method of model based on freedom characteristics was established.Utilizing the signal processing techniques——multi-dimensioned characteristics of wavelet,let the airspace expression of model be transformed into the frequency field description.The picking-up and reuse on freedom characteristics of model were achieved by means of wavelet filter set.The transformation of model from airspace to frequency field will not only enhancing the modeling efficiency of freedom curved surfaces but also be of convenience for the modification and debugging of model.


Rapid adoption of smartphones and tablets in recent years has changed the way people communicate with each other and operate in the work environment. The use of personal devices in the enterprise has become commonplace. These devices have given workers the flexibility of being mobile and still participate in collaboration sessions. However, transferring sessions between devices is not very seamless and causes disruptions in the sessions, resulting in an unsatisfactory user experience. This work presents an architecture and implementation for seamless session mobility across different types of devices and hardware/software platforms. This architecture is not restricted to a specific collaboration server and can accommodate multi-vendor environments.


9026 Background: Mutational activation of c-kit gene is recognized as a relatively early event in GIST tumorigenesis, and additional genetic alteration is needed for malignant transformation of GIST. The objective of this study was to evaluate the pattern and prognostic significance of p53 mutation as an additional genetic change.

METHODS
Previously, we analyzed c-kit mutations and clinical characteristics of 86 localized GISTs which were curatively resected between Jan 1990 and Dec 2001, and observed that presence of c-kit mutation and mitosis ≥ 5/50 HPF were independent poor prognostic factors for relapse-free survival (Kim, et al. Proc ECCO 2003). For these cases, clinical data were updated, and mutation analyses for p53 exons 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 were performed with PCR and direct sequencing.

RESULTS
In 64 cases, p53 mutations were fully analyzed at exons 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8. Polymorphism at exon 4 was observed in 27 cases. P53 mutations were found in 19 (29.7%) cases; 4 in exon 4, 3 in exon 5, 6 in exon 6, 2 in exon 7, and 4 in exon 8, respectively. All were missense mutations in a single amino acid. Fifteen (31.3%) out of 48 patients with c-kit mutation and 4 (25.0%) out of 16 patients without c-kit mutation had p53 mutation (p = 0.785). By univariate analyses for relapse-free survival, mitosis (< 5/50 HPF vs. ≥ 5/50 HPF), tumor size (< 5cm vs. ≥ 5cm), c-kit mutation (presence vs. absence), cell type (spindle cell vs. others), necrosis (presence vs. absence), and cellularity (dense vs. sparse) were statistically significant factors. Multivariate analysis including p53 mutation (presence vs. absence) and above factors showed that mitosis ≥ 5/50 HPF (p = 0.0001), presence of c-kit mutation (p =0.02), presence of p53 mutation (p = 0.002) were significant independent poor prognostic factors for relapse-free survival.

CONCLUSIONS
P53 mutation was found in a proportion of GISTs, and evenly distributed from exon 4 to exon 8 without any specific hot spots. P53 mutation was identified as an independent poor prognostic factor for relapse in addition to c-kit mutation and high mitosis in localized GISTs. P53 mutation may have a role in the malignant transformation of GISTs. No significant financial relationships to disclose.


The fluorite from veins in the Takatori tungsten deposit, central Japan, has a distinct 87Sr/86Sr composition ranging from 0.7260 to 0.7270. This ratio is significantly higher than the initial 87Sr/86Sr ratio of the granitoids (0.7095-0.7136) in the Tsukuba and Yamizo areas probably related to the ore formation but rather approaching that of the wall sandstone (0.7250). Sr content in the wall sandstone composed mainly of quartz, feldspars (alkali feldspar+plagioclase) and sericite, shows a strong positive correlation with Na content, indicating that the Sr is mostly included in feldspars. The Sr content in the wall psammitic rocks decreases successively toward the vein from 200 ppm to several tens ppm with the increasing degree of sericitization of feldspars. Therefore, it is presumed that the Sr in the mineralizing fluid is essentially derived from feldspars in the nearby wall rocks through the sericitization.


The invention discloses a pair of shoes capable of eliminating moisture. Each shoe comprises a shoe sole, a piezoelectric ceramic plate, a storage battery, a moisture detection module, a control module, a breathable net and a fan, wherein the control module is respectively connected with the moisture detection module, the storage battery and the fan, the piezoelectric ceramic plate is connected with the control module through the storage battery, and the storage battery supplies power to the moisture detection module and the fan through the control module; the piezoelectric ceramic plate, the storage battery, the moisture detection module, the control module, the breathable net and the fan are all arranged inside the shoe sole, and the breathable net is arranged over the fan; the moisture detection module sends detected moisture signals to the control module, and when the moisture signals received by the control module is null, the fan is started. Because the breathable net and the fan are adopted for each shoe sole of each shoe capable of eliminating moisture, heat can be effectively dissipated, moisture can be effectively eliminated, and the pair of shoes capable of eliminating moisture is convenient and fast to wear, simple in structure, practical and worth popularizing.


We have already pointed out that nucleic acids are responsible for information storage and transfer and that they direct the synthesis of proteins. Three properties guarantee life over many periods of replication. i) The information transfer is highly accurate[4], ii) Self-replication and iii) Self-repair occur. Without these three properties, life could not exist. Two different types of nucleir acids dominate: DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) carries the genetic information, RNA (ribonucleic acid) transfers the information and directs protein synthesis. DNA have a molecular weight of between 10 7 and 10 9 D. The amount of DNA in a system increases with the system complexity. Basically, DNA is a double-stranded linear helical molecule. RNA comes in three forms: tRNA transfer RNA about 25 kD, mRNA messenger RNA 100-4000 kD, rRNA ribosomal RNA 40-1600 kD. tRNA and mRNA are single-stranded, rRNA exists as a nucleo-protein in the ri-bosome. The most important function of nucleic acids is storage and transfer of information. To store information, an alphabet and a dictionary are needed. We will first describe the building blocks and then the arrangement of complete nucleic acids. In the following chapter, we will discuss the alphabet and the dictionary.


The effect of aqueous and alcoholic extract of seeds of Nigella sativa (N. sativa) was studied on the spontaneous movements of the whole worm (w.w) preparation and nerve muscle (n.m) complex of Setaria cervi (S. cervi). Both the extracts caused inhibition of spontaneous movements of the w.w and n.m complex characterized by initial stimulation followed by irreversible paralysis, with the exception that aqueous extract produced a partially reversible paralysis of w.w preparation. Lesser concentration of both the extracts was required to inhibit the movements of n.m complex than the w.w. Suggesting a cuticular permeability barrier. The lethal concentration and lethal concentration were 30 and 55 ng/ml for aqueous and 45 and 60 ng/ml for alcoholic extracts respectively.


INTRODUCTION Olmesartan medoxomil (OLM) (Figure no. 1) is an orally active nonpeptide angiotensin II receptor antagonist. It is approved by the US FDA in 2002 for the treatment of hypertension, either alone or in combination with other anti-hypertensive. It is a prodrug that is rapidly converted in vivo to the pharmacologically active metabolite, olmesartan due to an endogenous esterase. It simply act by inhibiting the vasoconstrictor effects of angiotensin II by selectively blocking angiotensin II type 1 receptor sites in vascular smooth muscle.[1-3]


An integrated and coordinated program of stormwater and watershed management is being implemented in the Santa Clara Valley. The Santa Clara,Valley lies at the southerly end of San Francisco Bay in northern California (United States) and is often referred to as 'Silicon Valley' because of the many computer and high tech industries located there. It is home to numerous Fortune 500 and other companies with an annual economic output in excess of $45 billion. In 1986 a cooperative approach to stormwater management in Santa Clara Valley was initiated by local governments in response to regulatory requirements of the regional water quality regulatory agency. This cooperative program, known as the Santa Clara Valley Nonpoint Source Pollution Control Program (Program), has evolved over the years from an initial effort focused principally on the reduction of stormwater loading of heavy metals in South San Francisco Bay to a more comprehensive and integrated program encompassing a watershed management approach. The Program now has multiple goals and several Program elements (areas of activity) which are directed at protecting the beneficial uses of water resources in Santa Clara Valley and San Francisco Bay. In 1993 the Program won the united States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) National First Place Award for an excellent municipal stormwater management program. This paper presents the history, evolution, organization, accomplishments, and future direction of the Santa Clara Valley Nonpoint Source Pollution Control Program.


Plasma-induced polystyrene radicals were first studied by electron spin resonance (ESR). The room temperature ESR spectrum was compared with those obtained by γ-irradiation, UV-irradiation, and mechanical fracture. It was found that even less than a few seconds of plasma-irradiation gave rise to a large amount of polystyrene radicals and the ESR spectrum consisted of two types of spectra, a triplet and a single broad line. The spectral feature of the triplet was nearly identical with that of γ-irradiated polystyrene. Thus, it was assigned to the structure of a cyclohexadienyl-type radical formed by a nearly random addition of a hydrogen atom to the aromatic ring. The single broad line, thought to be an outline of multicomponent spectrum, was assigned to an immobilized dangling-bond sites at the plasma-induced crosslinked portion of the polystyrene surface.


Wind power is one of the important renewable energy sources. Currently, many researches are focusing on improving the aerodynamic performance of wind turbine blades through simulations and wind tunnel testing. In the present study, the aerodynamic performance of the perforated Eqwin blade (shell type blade) is investigated by using numerical simulation. Three types of slots namely circular, horizontal rectangular and vertical rectangular were evaluated. It was found that the optimum angle of attack for a perforated shell type blade was 12° with maximum Cl/Cd value of 6.420. In general, for all the perforated blade cases, Cl/Cd tended to decrease as the slot size increased except for the circular slot with 5 mm diameter. This was due to the disturbance of the airflow in lower side region which passed through the bigger slot size. Among the modified slots; the circular slot with diameter of 5 mm would be the best slot configuration that can be considered for blade fabrication. The Cl/Cd obtained was 6.46 which is about 5% more than the value of the reference blade. Moreover, the introduced slot would also reduce the overall weight of the blade by 1.3%.


Preface: Adlkofer, F.X. Thurau, K. Tyrosine 687 Phosphorylated Alzheimer's Amyloid Precursor Protein Is Retained Intracellularly and Exhibits a Decreased Turnover Rate: Rebelo, S. Vieira, S.I. Esselmann, H. Wiltfang, J. da Cruz e Silva, E.F. da Cruz e Silva, O.A.B. Curcumin Derivatives Inhibit or Modulate Beta-Amyloid Precursor Protein Metabolism: Narlawar, R. Baumann, K. Schubenel, R. Schmidt, B. Receptor- and Non-Receptor Tyrosine Kinases Induce Processing of the Amyloid Precursor Protein: Role of the Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein: Minopoli, G. Passaro, F. Aloia, L. Carlomagno, F. Melillo, R.M. Santoro, M. Forzati, F. Zambrano, N. Russo, T. Amyloid Precursor Protein and Presenilin Involvement in Cell Signaling: Venezia, V. Nizzari, M. Carlo, P. Corsaro, A. Florio, T. Russo, C. Signal Peptide Peptidases and Gamma-Secretase: Cousins of the Same Protease Family? Fluhrer, R. Haass, C. BACE1 Expression and Activity: Relevance in Alzheimer's Disease: Zacchetti, D. Chieregatti, E. Bettegazzi, B. Mihailovich, M. Sousa, V.L. Grohovaz, F. Meldolesi, J. BACE1 and Mutated Presenilin-1 Differently Modulate A[beta]40 and A[beta]42 Levels and Cerebral Amyloidosis in APPDutch Transgenic Mice: Herzig, M.C. Paganetti, P. Staufenbiel, M. Jucker, M. Development of a Novel Yeast Cell-Based System for Studying the Aggregation of Alzheimer's Disease-Associated A[beta] Peptides in vivo: von der Haar, T. Josse, L. Wright, P. Zenthon, J. Tuite, M.F. Novel Processing of Notch 1 within Its Intracellular Domain by a Cysteine Protease: Fassa, A. Parisiadou, L. Robakis, N.K. Efthimiopoulos, S. Study on the Putative Contribution of Caspases and the Proteasome to the Degradation of Aph-1a and Pen-2: Dunys, J. Kawarai, T. Giaime, E. Wilk, S. Herrant, M. Auberger, P. St. George-Hyslop, P. Alves da Costa, C. Checler, F. Increased A[beta] Production Leads to Intracellular Accumulation of A[beta] in Flotillin-1-Positive Endosomes: Rajendran, L. Knobloch, M. Geiger, K.D. Dienel, S. Nitsch, R. Simons, K. Konietzko, U. Peripheral Site Acetylcholinesterase Blockade Induces RACK1-Associated Neuronal Remodeling: Farchi, N. Ofek, K. Podoly, E. Dong, H. Xiang, Y.-Y. Diamant, S. Livnah, O. Li, J. Hochner, B. Lu, W.-Y. Soreq, H. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of CSF Neurofilament Protein Levels as Biomarkers in Dementia: Petzold, A. Keir, G. Warren, J. Fox, N. Rossor, M.N. Frequency of the LRRK2 G2019S Mutation in Siblings with Parkinson's Disease: Lesage, S. Leclere, L. Lohmann, E. Borg, M. Ruberg, M. Durr, A. Brice, A. and the French Parkinson's Disease Genetic Study Group Caenorhabditis elegans as a Model System for Parkinson's Disease: Schmidt, E. Seifert, M. Baumeister, R. Glia Protects Neurons against Extracellular Human Neuromelanin: Depboylu, C. Matusch, A. Tribl, F. Zoriy, M. Michel, P.P. Riederer, P. Gerlach, M. Becker, S. Oertel, W.H. Hoglinger, G.U. Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration with Ubiquitin-Positive Inclusions: A Molecular Genetic Update: van der Zee, J. Gijselinck, I. Pirici, D. Kumar-Singh, S. Cruts, M. Van Broeckhoven, C. Frontotemporal Dementia with Tau Pathology: Gasparini, L. Terni, B. Spillantini, M.G. Small Molecule Inducers of Heat-Shock Response Reduce polyQ-Mediated Huntingtin Aggregation. A Possible Therapeutic Strategy: Herbst, M. Wanker, E.E. Differential Modulation of Neurite Growth by the S- and the L-Forms of bag1, a Co-Chaperone of Hsp70: Frebel, K. Wiese, S Funk, N. Puhringer, D. Sendtner, M. Pathway Proteomics and Chemical Proteomics Team Up in Drug Discovery: Hopf, C. Bantscheff, M. Drewes, G.


ABSTRACT Oxyanions-nitrate, bromate, and perchlorate in water bodies can do harms of different levels to human health. Photocatalytic reduction is one of the most promising and effective means to convert them into harmless ions. In this article, we discuss the photocatalytic mechanisms of TiO2 catalyst in nitrogen removal process. The factors determining the catalytic activity and the selectivity of nitrogen are elaborated. An overview of the pathway of photocatalysis toward bromate and perchlorate reduction is presented, and the reduction performance of different photocatalysts is evaluated. It is of vital importance to the development of low-cost photocatalytic materials and the use of their activities. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT


Objective To explore a proper treatment for severe acute pancreatitis(SAP). Methods A retrospective study was made on the clinical data of 35 patients with SAP from 1996 to 2001. Results 30 out of 35 cases were cured and 5 died. Among 30 cases treated by non operation(including 2 cases undergoing delay operation owing to the complications of SAP), 2 died of early shock within 1 week, and 1 died of subsequent infection after 2 week; 7 cases were treated by early operations, 2 died of postoperative complications. Conclusion Most cases of SAP can be cured by non operation in the early stage of SAP. However, confirmed obstruction of biliary tract and acute abdomen, secondary infection during the pancreatic necrotizing tissue should be treated operatively. The key of surgical operation is to ensure enough drainage and resolve the obstruction of biliary tract.


Some of the basic concepts of rural traffic simulation, with particular reference to the Australian Road Research Board model, TRARR are introduced. Simulation provides a method for generating random selections from known traffic distributions, and observing the progress of each vehicle along the road. Vehicle progress is governed by a set of decision rules which determine the response of the vehicle to various road and traffic situations. The reliability of a model depends on its complexity and the extent of calibration and testing. The main constraints on simulation model accuracy are the limits of our knowledge of the traffic flow process. (TRRL)


Risk analysis is used across many disciplines. Biological scientists use risk analysis to determine the chance of an adverse effect occurring. Engineers use it to assess the risk of structural failures. People in business and industry perform risk analysis to estimate profit and loss in decision making. Although there are many definitions of risk, the most accurate definition is based on probabilistic principles. To estimate risk quantitatively, a statistical model is used to describe the process and the associated risk is thereupon calculated. The underlying model and derivation of risk can lead to some non-trivial mathematical expressions. Here, we discuss challenges in teaching probabilistic risk assessment to researchers who are non-statisticians and non-mathematicians. Specific reference will be made to toxicological risk assessment.


We have made a theoretical study of self-focusing of an electromagnetic wave in a medium with saturating non-linearity. Explicit conditions for focusing and defocusing have been obtained. All results have been obtained by taking into account the effects of diffraction.


Using the CLEO detector at the Cornell Electron Storage Ring, we have observed the Bs meson in e+e− annihilation at the Υ(5S) resonance. We have fully reconstructed 14 candidates consistent with Bs decays into final states with a J/ψ or a Ds(*)−. The probability that this is a background fluctuation is less than 8 × 10−10. We have established that Bs production proceeds predominantly through the creation of Bs*Bs* pairs with σ(e+e− → Bs*Bs*) =0[ .11−0.03+0.04(stat) ± 0.02(syst)] nb. The following limits are set: σ(e+e− → BsBs)/σ(e+e− → Bs*Bs*) < 0.16 and [σ(e+e− → BsBs*) + σ(e+e− → Bs*Bs)]/σ(e+e− → Bs*Bs*) < 0.16 (90% CL). In a separate analysis, by comparing production rates of Ds+ mesons in Υ(5S) and Υ(4S) decays, an estimate of the ratio of Bs(*) Bs(*) to the total bb quark pair production at the Υ(5S) energy of (16 ± 3 ± 6)% is obtained.


Compressive mechanical properties were obtained and stress-strain plots were analyzed by means of uniaxial compression tests,which were performed at different strain rate(1/300~1/12 s-1) and temperature(-40~25 ℃) on HTPB propellant.The results show that compression stress and compression modulus increase gradually with decreasing temperature and increasing strain rate,and present linear-log function relation with strain rate(and),which could be used to predict the compression mechanical properties at wide strain rate.In addition,the results of variance analysis indicate that low temperature has significant effect on compression modulus and compression strain,while strain rate has significant effect on compression stress.


The critical dynamics of dislocation avalanches in plastic flow is examined using a phase field crystal model. In the model, dislocations are naturally created, without any ad hoc creation rules, by applying a shearing force to the perfectly periodic ground state. These dislocations diffuse, interact and annihilate with one another, forming avalanche events. By data collapsing the event energy probability density function for different shearing rates, a connection to interface depinning dynamics is confirmed. The relevant critical exponents agree with mean field theory predictions.


Ferrihydrite is an iron (ferric) oxy-hydroxide characteristic of regoliths – that is, red pre-soils formed by loose weathered rock plus mineral debris with no organic content (humus); it is commonly designated as "2-line" or "6-line" on the basis of the broadened maxima observed in X-ray diffraction patterns, but the lack of known crystal structure only allows for reporting an approximate ideal formulation 5Fe2O3.9H2O [1]. This nanomineral phase usually contains silica as a minor chemical component because it results from the alteration of iron-rich olivine (fayalite) and accordingly, it is also a precursor of smectite/nontronite in tropical soils [2].


In order to contribute to the discussions related to storytelling for children, we discuss in this article some of the issues that reveal this practice as a methodological resource that mediates the learning and development of children in day care centers and preschools. This is a qualitative research and bibliographic method that had as theoretical support Zilberman (2003); Rojas (2007); Kramer, 2001; Abramovich (1997); Ariès (1986) among others. The results pointed out that storytelling can be considered as a pleasurable instrument with significant effects on the development and learning 1 Doutora em Educação pela UFMT, Docente do Programa de Mestrado em Ensino (PPGen) Universidade de Cuiabá, Cuiabá, Mato grosso, Brasil. firstname.lastname@example.com 2 Graduada em Pedagogia pela UFMT, Mestranda do Programa de Mestrado em Ensino (PPGen) Universidade de Cuiabá, Cuiabá, Mato grosso, email@example.com. Rev. Fac. Educ. (Univ. do Estado de Mato Grosso), Vol. 33, Ano 18, No 1, p. 53-69, jan/jun., 2020 DOI/10.30681/21787476.2020.33.5369


The scalar potential of any system of axisymmetric conductors can be expressed as a Legendre polynomial expansion, and this provides an efficient and convenient method for computing the field variables. A method is presented for augmenting the expansion coefficients to include the effects of iron of constant permeability on the system. The approach is based on the boundary element method (BEM). As well as giving physical insight into the effects of the iron, the use of the coefficients circumvents the problem of expensive field retrieval. Numerical accuracy is assessed by considering two geometries for which an exact solution is known.


Analysis of two spaced aluminum plates against hypervelocity impact of a spherical aluminum projectile was performed to find an optimum thickness ratio of two plates. The smooth particle hydrodynamics (SPH) scheme used here is especially effective since the major features of debris clouds between two plates are successfully captured. For systematical analysis the extent of debris clouds is first correlated as a function of sphere diameter to front plate thickness ratio, with which a potential optimum front plate thickness range is identified. Then a critical sphere diameter causing failure of rear wall is examined while keeping the total thickness of two plates constant. In fact an optimum thickness ratio exists and is examined as a function of the size combination of the sphere diameter and plate thicknesses. The debris cloud expansion correlated optimum thickness ratio study provides a good insight on the hypervelocity impact onto spaced target system.


In this Foreword to the Kentucky Law Journal Symposium Issue on Election Law, I chronicle the importance of Justice Scalia's death to election law jurisprudence and explain how a replacement for Justice Scalia may change various aspects of election law doctrine. In particular, I examine how Justice Scalia's death, and a new Justice, might impact the doctrine and theoretical underpinning of cases involving redistricting, the Voting Rights Act, campaign finance, and election administration. I also summarize the seven articles in this symposium issue, explaining how most of the proposals likely have a much better chance at adoption with a new Justice on the Court.


This article aims at an intertextual justification for the technical and thematic similarities between Namik Kemal's, Akif Bey (1874) and Gulnihal (1875), and William Shakespeare's Hamlet, Othello, Macbeth and Tempest to illustrate Kemal's enriched texts and better understand his display of power relations, forms of defiance and non-submissiveness in his own society and hence, his aim for constructing his plays upon what he considered as the best of the Western, Shakespearean material. However, this particular attempt, no doubt signifying the beginnings of Shakespearean influence upon the Ottoman-Turkish drama in the late Nineteenth Century, came considerably late when compared to Europe starting as early as the end of the Seventeenth Century. The reason might be the Ottoman- Turkish tendency of seeing themselves as the centre of the world or their religious reservations or the danger of publicizing revolt against authority. Hence, when a fearless Kemal came forward and openly displayed his resistance against an authoritative rule in his first play, Vatan Yahut Silistre in 1873, he had his share of provoking riots, followed by his arrest and final deportation to Magusa. Few years later in Akif Bey (1874) and in Gulnihal (1875), both of which he wrote during this exile, Kemal only covertly revealed his negative opinions about an authoritarian rule. However, it did not save him from being arrested a few more times, and even die during another exile in Sakiz Island. Lastly, it is possible to note that despite his ceaseless critical attitude, Kemal had showed his optimism and love of his country in Gulnihal by suggesting the possibility of a just rule without oppression, and in Akif Bey by displaying a constructive effort through the power of language, to alter the negative Shakespearean/European prejudices about the Ottoman-Turks and Turkish soldiers in general.


A non-radioactive detection protocol based on fluorescein labeled cDNA probe was standardized in dot blot using gene images random prime labeling module. The protocol allows detection of hybrids upon incubation with an antifluorescein alkaline phosphatase conjugate. The signal was discernible upto a dilution of 1:256. To validate the potential of this technique, in-vitro tissue culture plantlets were screened with this probe and its sensitivity was also compared with 32P labeled probe.


Review(s) of: Annotated Insurance Contracts Act, by Peter Mann, Sydney: Law Book Co, 3rd Edition, 2001. 459 pp (including index). Paperback: A$82.50. Original item has no pagination.


Abstract: This work analyses the textbook adopted in the education of youth and adults (EJA) in order to verify whether the material meets students´ reading abilities needs. It is expected that the language teacher uses a varied number of discourse genres in classroom to help students take an active role in the discursive practices and develop and understanding of the social relations in which they are involved. The analysis of the textbook suggests that the material is adequate as it presents a signifi cant diversity of discourse genres from authentic sources about themes related to students´ lives. The textbook also gives priority to reading, which is the most relevant ability in English language teaching in basic education. Keywords: Discourse genres. English language teaching. Textbook.


Abstract Composite Overwrapped Pressure Vessels (COPVs) are often used for storing pressurant gases onboard spacecraft. Kevlar (DuPont), glass, carbon and other more recent fibers have all been used as overwraps. Due to the fact that overwraps are subjected to sustained loads for an extended period during a mission, stress rupture failure is a major concern. It is therefore important to ascertain the reliability of these vessels by analysis, since the testing of each flight design cannot be completed on a practical time scale. The present paper examines specifically a Weibull statistics based stress rupture model and considers the various uncertainties associated with the model parameters. The paper also examines several reliability estimate measures that would be of use for the purpose of recertification and for qualifying flight worthiness of these vessels. Specifically, deterministic values for a point estimate, mean estimate and 90/95 percent confidence estimates of the reliability are all examined for a typical flight quality vessel under constant stress. The mean and the 90/95 percent confidence estimates are computed using Monte-Carlo simulation techniques by assuming distribution statistics of model parameters based also on simulation and on the available data, especially the sample sizes represented in the data. The data for the stress rupture model are obtained from the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratories (LLNL) stress rupture testing program, carried out for the past 35 years. Deterministic as well as probabilistic sensitivities are examined.


ABSTRACT CONTROL theory terminology and block diagram-ming techniques are applied to the analysis of animal environment control systems for the purpose of unifying the apparently diverse terminology and clarifying the concepts of environmental control. The importance of the control strategy is stressed for comprehension of pre-sent designs and the enhancement of the more com-prehensive control functions of the future which will in-volve digital controllers. Two examples of animal en-vironmental control systems are analyzed using the con-trol system concepts presented.


Objective: Cases of cranial nerve 3, 4 and 6 palsies were analyzed regarding ultimate spontaneous recoverywith objective criteria.Design: A longitudinal cohort study.Methods: Patients presenting or referred as ocular nerve palsies to our center was done. History including age,sex, history of trauma, and vascular risk factors was noted. Detailed clinical evaluation including ophthalmologicaland neurological examination to diagnose the type of palsy was done. With an objective measurement patientswere followed for spontaneous recovery.Results: A total of 112 cases were reviewed. The sixth cranial nerve was affected most frequently (n=60, 53.6%of cases) followed by third cranial nerve (n=39, 34.8%), combined cranial nerves palsy (n=11, 9.8%) and fourthcranial nerve (n=2, 1.8 %). Head trauma (n=48, 42.9%) was the most common aetiology. Recovery was evaluatedwith reduction of deviation angle noted for 65 (58%) patients 6 months after the first presentation. Thirty four(52.3%) patients showed partial recovery and 31 (47.7%) showed complete recovery. In binary logistic analysis,vascular causes were found to be only significant factor associated with complete recovery (P=0.000).Conclusion: Of the three studied nerves, the VI cranial nerve was the most commonly affected. Head traumawas the main cause of the cranial nerve paralysis. With objective criteria based on deviation angle, overallspontaneous recovery rate from the III, IV, and VI nerve palsy was 52.3%. Patients who had presumed vasculardisorders had a high chance of recovery.


This paper studied experimentally the effects of keeping fresh for lichee under the condition of cold storage in household refrigerator after dipping into medicament of keeping fresh.The results show that the cause of cold storage and medicament of keeping fresh is of benefit to antisepsis and keeping fresh of lichee. Additionally,it shows that the obvious influence of time of marinating in medicament of keeping fresh.and the influence of airflow for the storage of lichee.It also showed that the lichee named san-yue-hong stored longer than the lichee named fei-zi-xiao..


An optically active, hyperbranched poly(fluorenevinylene) derivative was synthesized by polymerization of (-)-2,4,7-tris(bromomethyl)-9-neomenthyl-9-pentylfluorene. A spin-coated film sample of the polymer exhibited efficient circularly polarized light (CPL) emission in the visible range of 400-700 nm on photo excitation even without annealing processes leading to chain ordering.


Background— Adrenomedullin (AM), a potent vasodilator peptide, is produced by posttranslational splicing of pro-adrenomedullin together with proadrenomedullin N-terminal 20 peptide (PAMP), another hypotensive peptide. Although both AM and PAMP have the potential not only to decrease blood pressure but also to protect organs from damage, there is no direct evidence for their individual physiological roles in vivo. Methods and Results— Using knockout mice with the disruption of AM peptide alone, we investigated the organ-protective effect of AM. Although the AM−/− mutation in mice was embryonic lethal without any apparent phenotypic changes, AM+/− mice were viable and fertile; plasma and organ AM concentrations were almost half of those in AM+/+ mice. With the administration of angiotensin II (Ang II) on a high-salt diet for 12 days, marked perivascular fibrosis and intimal hyperplasia were found in coronary arteries of Ang II/salt–treated AM+/− mice, without the AM upregulation that was observed in Ang II/...


Shelf circulation north of Taiwan is analyzed on the basis of hydrographic and moored current meter data obtained from the East China Sea study by the State Oceanic Administration during 1984-1985. The circulation in the summer is found to be more complicated than that in the winter. In both seasons evidences suggest the existence of a meandering flow pattern converging to the shelf break, which may be called the offshore branch of the Taiwan Warm Current. Along the Fujian-Zhejiang coast the inshore branch of the Taiwan Warm Current is present in both summer and winter, and at least its upper-layer water seems to have originated mainly from the Taiwan Strait. Using a simple mode! we find that the absence of the Taiwan coast to support the surface slope of the Kuro-shio inflow after it enters the East China Sea is one of the major factors responsible for the meander. However, there is a fundamental difference on the way the meander is formed in each season.


We used a scanning laser pulse mammograph to record craniocaudal and mediolateral projection optical mammograms of 154 patients suspected to have breast cancer. Optical mammograms were analyzed by comparing them with x-ray and MR mammograms, including results of histopathology. Out of 102 histologically confirmed carcinomas, 92 carcinomas were visible in at least one of the two projection mammograms. On average optical mammograms based on photon counts in a late time window exhibited the carcinomas with highest contrast compared to mammograms displaying absorption coefficients or hemoglobin concentration. Optical properties of carcinomas visible in optical mammograms were determined employing the model of diffraction of photon density waves by a spherical inhomogeneity, located in an otherwise homogeneous tissue slab. On average, tumor absorption coefficients exceeded those of surrounding healthy breast tissue by a factor of about 2.5 at the shortest wavelength used (670 nm), whereas tumor reduced scattering coefficients were larger by about 20% at this wavelength. Total hemoglobin concentration was observed to be systematically larger in tumors compared to healthy breast tissue. In contrast, blood oxygen saturation was found to be a poor discriminator for tumors and healthy breast tissue.


The Trapezium region of the Orion Nebula has been mapped at 8.6, 10.1, 11.2, 12.2, and 13.1 $mu$ with an infrared array spectrometer. The 8--13 $mu$ spectral structure of the entire region is characterized by emission and absorption by silicate grains. The grain emission is most prominent in the vicinity of the Trapezium. Absorption by silicate grains is evident only in the Becklin-Neugebauer--Kleinmann-Low region. It is concluded that the most likely grain heating mechanism in the Ney-Allen sources is the absorption by the grains of L$alpha$ radiation resonantly trapped within the H ii region. (AIP)


The adaptive fuzzy and fuzzy neural models are being widely used for identification of dynamic systems. This paper describes different fuzzy logic and neural fuzzy models. The robustness of models has further been checked by Simulink implementation of the models with application to the problem of system identification. The approach is to identify the system by minimizing the cost function using parameters update.


The zero-current switching (ZCS) resonant switched capacitor (RSC) converter is a new topology of switched capacitor converter.The switching Boolean matrix of ZCS step-up RSC converter is proposed to analysis the effective switch states.The sneak circuit paths are identified accordingly.When the latent paths is joined in the converter operation,the circuit characteristics will change.To solve this problem,an improved circuit for eliminating the sneak circuit paths is proposed.The experimental results show that the proposed analysis method is validity.


The increasing growth of the World Wide Web constantly enlarges the revenue generated by search engine advertising. Advertisers bid on keywords associated with their products to display their ads on the search result pages. Keyword suggestion methods are proposed to fill the gap between the keywords chosen by advertisers and the popular queries, through finding new relevant keywords according to some statistical information (for example, the keyword co-occurrence). However, there is little effort taking semantic information, such as concept hierarchy, into account. In this paper, we propose a novel keyword suggestion method that fully exploits the semantic knowledge among concept hierarchy. Given a keyword, we first match it with some relevant concepts. Then the relevant concepts are used with their hierarchy to fertilize the meanings of the keywords. Finally new keywords are suggested according to the concept information rather than the statistical co-occurrence of the keyword itself. Experimental results show that our proposed method can successfully provide suggestion that meets the accuracy and coverage requirements


A global space-time MQ collocation method is used to solve an inverse problem of 2D unsteady pollutant transport in steady flow, and the initial distribution of pollutant concentration is reconstructed from observation data with a certain level of noise. A cross-validation technique is used for estimation of optimal model parameters. Application of this method in case studies of diffusion and advection-diffusion under different boundary conditions show that in different scenarios the initial concentration distribution can be accurately estimated and that for input noise levels 0.5 and 1.0 the calculation errors are 0.0361, 0.0357, 0.0419, 0.0453 and 0.0712, 0.0695, 0.0503, 0.0703 respectively, all lower than the corresponding input noise level.


By NANCY DeOAKII St ... Writer Friday the 1Mb comes 011 a Friday this month and it'. today, so watch out! Pogo, the comic strip possum from Okefenokee Swamp, is fond oC making dire warnings about the approach of that famous dark day. January was a particularly dangerous month Friday the 13th came on a Thuraday. Febru· ary and March, however, were quite sale, since Friday the 1Mb came on a Sunday. form of blac:k cats and ladders. He's a pretty hip pGIIIUID wbo knows thai. all that ,tuff about


Is Socrates in the boardroom of Philippine State Universities and Colleges (SUCs)? The answer is no! While most of the best Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) and the top movers in the world university rankings are headed by highly-cited scholars, the Philippines SUCs do not practice it. Using the Harzing's Publish or Perish Software, HEI leaders' publication performance was determined. Result showed that only 33% of SUC presidents have online-searchable publication, and a third of them have citation and h-index. Leaders of Philippine HEIs must be those who are highly cited scholars or have strong research qualities to improve the reputation in the global arena.


The purpose of this study was to measure the incidence of coeliac disease in different ethnic communities and investigate the hypothesis that the incidence is decreasing in most European countries and


This paper focuses on UAV mission planning in an environment with charging using deep reinforcement learning, firstly proposing an improved actor-critic algorithm and constructing a reward function related to the UAV energy as well as the mission to guide the UAV behavior to achieve the completion of the mission, as well as the penalty of the action and the smoothing of the trajectory, for improving the UAV's ability to complete the mission, and secondly adding a charging module to ensure the balance of UAV energy. The simulation results show that the method can ensure the stability of UAV energy and when the energy module is added, the UAV energy level smoothes out and the mission completion is higher than before.


In this paper, an FPGA-based fault-tolerant back-to-back converter without redundancy is studied. Before fault occurrence, the fault-tolerant converter operates like a conventional back-to-back six-leg converter, and after the fault, it becomes a five-leg converter. Design, implementation, and experimental verification of an FPGA-based reconfigurable control strategy for this converter are discussed. This reconfigurable control strategy allows the continuous operation of the converter with minimum affection from a fault in one of the semiconductor switches. A very fast detection scheme is used to detect and locate the fault. Implementation of the fault detection and of the fully digital control schemes on a single FPGA is realized, based on a suited methodology for rapid prototyping. FPGA in loop and also experimental tests are carried out, and the results are presented. These results confirm the capability of the proposed reconfigurable control and fault-tolerant structure.


With the mechanism analysis and analysis development of liner burning and the rotary liner, the paper studied the measures to prevent burning and suitable rotary liner. The paper provided an rational value for the gap between liner and pin.


Background Although many efforts have been made to identify Psoriasic Arthritis (PsA)-specific biomarkers, none of the putative ones identified so far has resulted in a clinically relevant outcome and patient benefit. In other diseases of the joints, elevated levels of urinary CTX-II (C-telopeptide fragments of type II collagen) and Glc-Gal-PYD (glucosyl-galactosyl-pyridinoline) have been associated with progression of damage. Objectives To analyze the association between the baseline levels of urinary CTX-II and Glc-Gal-PYD in patient with early PsA with disability, quality of life, biological treatment required and radiological damage at 5 years of follow up. Methods We included 36 patients who came to the service with some of the suggestive information of PsA and who later completed five years of follow-up and they fulfill nowadays PsA according to classification of psoriatic arthritis (CASPAR) criteria. Urine samples were taken from all patients attending for the first time with suspected early PsA. Urinary excretion of CTX-II was determined by immunoassay (ELISA) (ng/ml). Urinary excretion of Glc-Gal-PYD was determined by High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Because urinary levels were not normally distributed, all data were transformed into logarithms for analysis. Association analysis was performed with the following five variables at 5 years: Disease Severity for the Group for Research and Assessment of Psoriasis and Psoriatic Arthritis (GRAPPA): mild, moderate and severe. Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ). Study Short Form 36 (SF-36). Anti-TNF therapy: Yes/No. Sharp-van Der Heijde modified scoring method for PsA. Results Baseline levels of urinary excretion of CTX-II and Glc-Gal-PYD in patients presenting for the first time with suspected early SpA were significantly higher in those who had HAQ and SF-36 scores significantly worse, required biological treatment and in those due to moderate and severe disease severity at five years of follow up. In a multivariable linear regression analysis, Baseline levels of urinary excretion of CTX-II and Glc-Gal-PYD in patients presenting for the first time with suspected early SpA were an important predictor of worse radiological score at the age of 5 (erosions, joint space narrowing, (subluxation, ankylosis, gross osteolysis, and pencil in cup phenomena). Conclusions Baseline levels of urinary excretion of CTX-II and Glc-Gal-PYD in patients with early SpA may be a prognostic biomarker since in our series it was associated with worse disease severity, disability, quality-of-life and progression of joint destruction at 5 years of follow up. Disclosure of Interest None declared


Tiny, potato-shaped Phobos doesn¿t look like a place worth visiting. But the Soviet Union tried twice, with limited success, to reach this Martian moon, the larger of two circling Earth¿s near neighbor. Now the Russians are working flat out on a third assault, in the form of a sample- return probe called Phobos-Grunt (grunt is the Russian word for ¿soil¿). At press time, technical problems seemed likely to push back the launch by two years, to 2011. Whenever it flies, it will be Russia¿s most ambitious deep-space mission in years.


Pyrryl Mannich base methiodides were polymerized in both anhydrous hydroxylic and nonhydroxylic solvents with the hope of clarifying some aspects of the mechanism of porphyrin formation. Although a mixture of type isomers were obtained, the product composition was found to consist of ~ 95% type (III and IV) and ~ 5% type (I and II) isomers from various solvents. The results suggested that the isomer composition is not dependent on the presence of "active" hydrogen in the solvent, and polymerization is not due to separation of formaldehyde (or equivalent) from the pyrrole and then a "random" polymerization; formation of type III and IV porphyrins is an inherent property of trimethylaminopyrrole salts and rearrangement in some form is a normal part of polymerization. On the basis of these results and published data, an intermediate with ring D porphobilinogen unit in the pyrrolenine form at right angles to the macrocycle formed from the other three pyrrole units and methane bridges is suggested and a scheme for the natural type III porphyrin formation is also proposed. -- A new compound diethyl 2,5-dimethyl-3,6-pyrazine-dithiolcarboxylate is reported as a by-product of a pyrryl thiolester synthesis.


Abstract A simple model of the initiation and propagation of gas phase detonations is developed to treat the dependence of detonation thresholds on initiator characteristics. The initiator is modeled as a supersonic spherical piston which imparts the initiating energy to the gas over a finite and variable space and time. The model is applied to the development of scaling laws for the important class of the relatively slow explosions common in accident scenarios. The results are verified by comparison to available experimental data and to detailed computations performed by numerical simulation of the full governing equations.


The current study dealt with the detection of parasitic infection in the cervix of (114) vaginal swabs and urine samples taken from women who complain of vaginitis and visits to the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at Al-Zahra Teaching Hospital, Al-Manathera General Hospital and women's medical outpatient clinics in Najaf Governorate for the period from ( 1/5/2020) until (31/1/2021). It was detected that 23) were infected with the vaginalis parasite Trichomonasn at a rate of (20.17%), and women with diabetes recorded the highest rate of infection (69.6%) with the vaginalis parasite. Trichomonas The current study also indicated that women who use contraceptives recorded the lowest infection rate (26.08%) with the vaginalis parasite. Trichomonas, and the highest rate of infection with the vaginalis parasite (Trichomonasn.) was 47.8% in the age group (23-32) years, in addition to that, the highest infections were recorded in the city and the low economic level (60.9%) and (60.89%), respectively, and according to the months of the year The month of November recorded the highest infection rate (34.78%). The statistical analysis indicated that there were significant differences at the level of P<0.05.


In that the system and method for connecting the device over the network, the method comprising: receiving a communication from the communication with the end device from the host device by the address registration server, wherein the host device and the end device are connected to a local network whether, and the end device by providing a private network address of the steps, and the end device to determine whether or not the the host device and the end device is running a compatible application, each of the host devices via the local network and it is between the host device comprising the step of providing a network connection.


1. An evolution equation for the intersection local times of superprocesses R. J. Adler and M. Lewin 2. The Continuum random tree II: an overview D. Aldous 3. Harmonic morphisms and the resurrection of Markov processes P. J. Fitzsimmons 4. Statistics of local time and excursions for the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process J. Hawker and A. Truman 5. LP-Chen forms on loop spaces J. D. S. Jones and R. Leandre 6. Convex geometry and nonconfluent -martingales I: tightness and strict convexity W. S. Kendall 7. Some caricatures of multiple contact diffusion-limited aggregation and the n-model H. Kesten 8. Limits on random measures and stochastic difference equations related to mixing array of random variables H. Kunita 9. Characterizing the weak convergence of stochastic integrals T. G. Kurtz and P. Protter 10. Stochastic differential equations involving positive noise T. Lindstrom, B. Oksendal and J. Uboe 11. Feeling the shape of a manifold with Brownian motion the last word in 1990 M. A. Pinsky 12. Decomposition of Dirichlet processes on Hilbert space M. Rockner and T.-S. Zhang 13. A supersymmetric Feynman-Kac formula A. Rogers 14. On long excursions of Brownian motion among Poissonian obstacles A.-S. Sznitman.


The temperature sensitivity is one of the critical parameters for the thin film bulk acoustic resonator (FBAR) based temperature sensors. In this work, FBARs with Au/Fe0.8Ga0.2/Ti/AlN/Mo structure are developed. The size effect of the Ti insertion layer on the temperature sensitivity of the devices is systematically investigated. The devices were fabricated by MEMS process and characterized by a network analyzer under variable temperatures. It is found that the temperature sensitivity of the devices is strongly related to the thickness of the Ti insertion layer. A super-high temperature sensitivity up to 546 kHz °C−1 was obtained with 20 nm Ti inserted thin film; that feature can even reach 825 kHz °C−1 for some devices, showing great potential for ultra-sensitive temperature monitoring. Mason model is used to analyze the extraordinary characteristics of the device and finite element method (FEM) is used to analyze the strain distribution in the device. The supreme performance of the temperature sensor can be explained by the size effect of the temperature coefficient of Young's modulus (TCE) of Ti film, which means that the TCE was enhanced when the thickness of the Ti film is around 20 nm. This work provides a new approach for the design of high sensitivity temperature sensor based on FBAR.


Abstract This paper studies polygons and polygonal arcs in three dimensions, as well as their orthographic projections. We define a class of "nondegenerate" orthographic projections which we call Wirtinger projections, and show that most of the orthographic projections of a polygon(al arc) are Wirtinger. We also show that a polygon(al arc) can be reconstructed from three Wirtinger projections in noncoplanar directions. Finally, we consider polygon(al arcs) that are isothetic (e.g., all their sides are parallel to the coordinate axes); we show how to represent such a polygon(al arc), up to translation and rotation, by a sequence of side lengths and two-bit numbers representing 90° rotations, and how to derive its properties from this representation. Wirtinger-like projections are used in knot theory to obtain group presentations of knots; for completeness, we review this topic in the Appendix.


Current situation,importance of rural education and the relationship between education and economic income were discussed.It was indicated that there were close relation between farmers' quality and farmers' net income per capita by relative statistical data.Furthermore,suggestions were put forward including hastening the exploitation of rural labor resources,increasing rural labor capital investment,enhancing farmer' education and quality of science and technology and constructing rural all-life educational system.


We find the boundary action for Euclidean AdS2 D-branes in H+3. This action is consistent with the D-branes' symmetries and with the H+3-Liouville relation for disc correlators. It can be used for performing free-field calculations in the H+3 model with boundaries. We explicitly perform the Coulomb-like integrals which appear in the free-field calculation of the bulk one-point function, and find agreement with previously known conformal bootstrap results.


Chemically amplified resists are notoriously sensitive to substrate contaminations. Such substrates include Si3N4, SOG, SiO2 and TiN. Contaminations can result in deactivation of the acid catalyst, leading to resist footing for positive tone deep UV resists. In this paper we have tested several state of the art deep UV resists on TiN. Through cross-sectional inspections, it was seen that several of the most advanced resists available still suffer from footing on TiN. By varying the process parameters of the TiN PVD process, TiN layers with various ratios of Ti:N were obtained. Variations in TiN composition result in changes of deactivation of acid catalyst. In addition, optical properties of the TiN layer are changed as well, resulting in different resist performances. For resists suffering from footing on TiN, it was demonstrated that footing is related to the nitrogen saturation of the TiN layer. However, for ARCH2 resist series, no resist footing was seen on different TiN layers. For the optimization of deep UV patterning of 0.25 micrometers CMOS metal layers using standard TiN layers, we have tested several resists of the ARCH2 resist series. The series of resists are based on the same resist chemistry. The difference between the formulations is in their absorbance, being 0.21/micrometer, 0.28/micrometer and 0.44/micrometer for ARCH214, ARCH212, and ARCH200, respectively. It was seen that with transparent resists notching can occur due to substrate roughnesses. By increasing the resist thickness and/or the resist absorbance, notching was minimized.


There exists a certain argument that in even dimensions, scale invariant quantum field theories are conformal invariant. We may try to extend the argument in $2n + \epsilon$ dimensions, but the naive extension has a small loophole, which indeed shows an obstruction in non-linear sigma models in $2+\epsilon$ dimensions. Even though it could have failed due to the loophole, we show that scale invariance does imply conformal invariance of non-linear sigma models in $2+\epsilon$ dimension from the seminal work by Perelman on the Ricci flow.


Flexible implementations of Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS), combined with domain specific knowledge and hybridization with other search algorithms, can be a very powerful for the solution of problems in complex planning. We introduce mctreesearch4j, a standard MCTS implementation written as a standard JVM library following key design principles of object oriented programming. We define key class abstractions allowing the MCTS library to flexibly adapt to any well defined Markov Decision Process or turn-based adversarial game. Furthermore, our library is designed to be modular and extensible, utilizing class inheritance and generic typing to standardize custom algorithm definitions. We demon- strate that the design of the MCTS implementation provides ease of adaptation for unique heuristics and customization across varying Markov Decision Process (MDP) domains. In addition, the implementation is reasonably performant and accurate for standard MDP's. In addition, via the implementation of mctreesearch4j, the nuances of different types of MCTS algorithms are discussed.


Is Waterpipe Smoking a Gateway to Cigarette Smoking among Youth?
Introduction: Whether waterpipe smoking is a gateway to cigarette smoking among youth is not known yet. The objective of our study was to assess the profile of dual and single smokers of both, waterpipe and cigarette, and evaluate whether a given type of smoking may be a gateway for the other. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out, using a proportionate cluster sample of Lebanese students in the public and private universities. The questionnaire used in this study was composed of several parts, including the sociodemographic part and a detailed active and passive smoking history, in addition to items of the tobacco dependence scales for both waterpipe and cigarette.


Carbamazepine is a water-insoluble antiepileptic drug. Being a BCS class-II drug, its absorption is dissolution rate limited. Solid dispersions were prepared to enhance the dissolution rate of the drug. Crospovidone and croscarmellose sodium were used as the hydrophilic carriers. Solid dispersions showed a remarkable enhancement in the dissolution rate of the drug. In the present research work, the solid dispersions were formulated in to fast dissolving tablets. The prepared tablets were evaluated for hardness, friability, drug content, disintegration time and the in vitro dissolution rate. The solid dispersions were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA). The DSC study revealed a marked reduction in the crystallinity of the drug. The faster dissolution rate of the solid dispersion is attributed to a marked reduction in the crystallinity of the drug. The FTIR and DSC studies demonstrated the absence of drug-polymer interaction. The formulated tablet (F2) achieved a 7 fold faster dissolution rate compared to the marketed tablet.


Massively multiplayer online games (MMOGs) currently represent the most widely used type of social 3D virtual worlds with millions of users worldwide. Although MMOGs take face-to-face conversation as their metaphor for user-to-user interaction, avatars currently give off much less information about what users are doing than real human bodies. Consequently, users routinely encounter slippages in coordination when engaging in joint courses of action. In this study, we analyze screen-capture video of user-to-user interaction in the game, City of Heroes, under two conditions: one with the game's standard awareness cues and the other with enhanced cues. We use conversation analysis to demonstrate interactional slippages caused by the absence of awareness cues, user practices that circumvent such limitations and ways in which enhanced cues can enable tighter coordination.


By using the concept of Fréchet differentiability of mapping, we present the Kuhn-Tucker optimality conditions for weakly efficient solution, Henig efficient solution, superefficient solution, and globally efficient solution to the vector equilibrium problems with constraints.


Complexation and thermodynamic studies of insoluble porous solid polysiloxane immobilized ligand system bearing chelating ligand group of the general formula P-(CH 2 ) 3 -N[CH 2 CONH(CH 2 ) 2 NH(CH 2 ) 2 NH 2 ] 2 , (Where P represents [Si-O] n polysiloxane network) were studied. The Batch equilibration method has been performed to calculate the distribution coefficient (K D ) and the thermodynamic parameters (G  , H  , and TS  ) for the stoichiometric 1:1 complexation of Co 2+ , Ni 2+ , and Cu 2+ ions with iminobis(diethylenediamineacetamide) polysiloxane. The complexation behavior at pH 5 in aqueous media is discussed from the thermodynamic point of view.


Multidrug therapy for Leprosy is currently done with Dapsone, Clofazimine and Rifampicin. Dapsone is known to cause
hemolytic anemia and this adverse event during MDT seems to be more frequent than reported. Lepra reactions can occur
at presentation, during treatment or even after completion of MDT. Inadequate and interruption of treatment is an obstacle to eradication. 65 year
old female clinically diagnosed leprosy, as patient developed multiple hypopigmented plaques on skin and swelling and decreased sensation over
right hand initiated on MDT presented with complains of hematuria on Day 4 of therapy. Blood investigation revealed hemolytic anemia.
Dapsone was stopped and blood products given. Dapsone inhibits bacterial synthesis of Dihydrofolic acid. The main side-effects usually
described are allergic, such as itchy rash and exfoliative dermatitis, hemolytic anemia (HA), jaundice, methemoglobinemia and dapsone
syndrome. Type 1 reaction or "reversal reaction" presents with worsening of pre-existing skin lesions, thickening of nerve ber with neuropathy
and edema. Type 2 reaction or erythema nodosum leprosum (ENL) have painful erythematous skin nodules. This case highlights fundamental
understanding of the treatment options, prompt diagnosis and treatment of reactions which are essential to reduce disease burden and improve
patient's quality of life.


In the last few years in the world of auctions, electronic auctions become a hot topic for discussion, especially in Indonesia. In Indonesia, the auction has been using online electronic system since 2007 with all its advantages and disadvantages. This system is one of a fairly successful program in a good governance. Until now, there are 620 government agencies in Indonesia have been using this electronic procurement systems[19]. The Government can perform a budget efficiency nearly 5% of the total budget by using today's electronic procurement system. The current system is good enough, but there are still some deficiencies found. Some of solutions to cover the deficiency offered in this paper. Starting from the classification of goods or services according to the UNSPSC, applying business classification with ISIC Indonesia in 2009, recording the activity of vendors for consideration decision, and implementing a decision support system using AHP to facilitate the auction committee to determine the winner. All of above matters are intended to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of the current system.


This descriptive research was to study the number of Hemorrhagic Conjunctivitis patients in Porncharoen District, BuengKan Province in 2014, the distribution pattern (person, place, time) and the factors associated with symptoms of the disease. The populations were all patients with Hemorrhagic Conjunctivitis in Porncharoen District, Bueng Kan Province during 1st June 2014-22nd November 2014. The survey was conducted to collect data. The data were analyzed by statistics for frequency, percentage and Chi-square. The results of the study showed that the number of all patients was 1,847. (Attack rate = 4,495.45 per 100,000 population) All cases had a symptom of conjunctival hyperaemia (100%) and foreign body sensation (70.3%). Most of cases were female (52.5%), 5-9 years old (15.9%), living in Pafag Subdistrict (33.7%), agriculturist (50.9%) and treated at Subdistrict Health Promoting Hospital (59.4%). The highest number of cases occurred on week 34th (17-23 August 2014) for 420 cases. There was no significant relation between all symptoms and gender of patients. However, there was statistical significant relation between all symptoms and age groups, living places and occupations. Keywords Hemorrhagic Conjunctivitis, Epidemiology