The effect on adsorption results to cadmium by co-existing heavy metals ions,alkaline-earth metals ions and anion was examined by using water-washing waste saccharomyces cerevisiae as adsorbent and using cadmium ion in waste water as processing aim.The results show The influence of heavy metals ions is obvious and the influences of alkaline-earth metals ions and anion are small comparatively.


A major development policy challenge in the contemporary economic policy discourse is to sustain the development momentum. Prevailing political economic realities influence the economic thinking to accommodate the political compulsions. The inclusive development is one such development strategy. Inclusive development is not a mere political pragmatism but a sensible development strategy. This paper discusses the relevance of distributive justice in relation to civil disturbance across and within national boundaries in the context of sustainable development. This paper argues that the inclusive development guarantees the sustainable development. Further, argues for the revival of welfare state for sustainable development.


We report our experience of intensive plasma exchange (PE) in the treatment of 12 females with severe diffuse proliferative lupus nephritis. All had active disease with crescentic lesions demonstrated on biopsy immediately before PE. Nine patients were also treated with high dose steroids, three patients with low dose steroids and most patients also received cytotoxic therapy. Eight of the 12 patients were biopsied immediately after a course of PE. All but one patient (low dose steroid group) showed considerable diminution of histologic activity with resolution of crescentic lesions. Plasma exchange may accelerate such resolution over conventional therapy, prevent subsequent sclerosis and preserve functional renal tissue.


The aim of the study was to determine the effect of the Actinomycetes proliferation in the activated sludge on the quality of the treated wastewater and the sewage receiver. The river which is the sewage receiver flows near the wastewater treatment plant. The study was performed on the wastewater (raw and treated) and on the river water samples (collected before and after wastewater discharge). The analysis of the research results, such as the content of total organic carbon (TOC), total phosphorus and oxygen consumption in the examined samples, permit the conclusion that the presence of relatively large population of the Actinomycetes in sewage sludge has a negative impact on the quality of the sewage receiver. Determining the effect of the Actinomycetes in the activated sludge on the wastewater treatment process involved the application of specific analyses, such as Sludge Biotic Index (SBI) and the identification of filamentous bacteria in the activated sludge. The analysis of studies indicates that the presence of the Actinomycetes in the activated sludge adversely affects the efficiency of the wastewater treatment process.


The fitness benefits of becoming a laying worker in a queenless social insect colony are high. Theoretical models predict that these benefits will lead to conflict among workers of different subfamilies in orphaned polyandrous or polygynous colonies of social insects. We studied the nature of this conflict among Apis mellifera capensis workers that were placed in small experimental groups without a queen. Characters directly related to reproductive dominance such as the queen substance (9-ODA) content of the mandibular glands, the activation of ovaries, and the production of eggs were recorded. Worker laid eggs were genotyped to measure the reproductive success of individual workers. There was a significant correlation between the amount of 9-ODA produced and ovary activation. Workers with fully developed ovaries (visible ova) who had laid eggs produced significantly more 9-ODA than similar workers with developed ovaries that had not laid eggs. Apis mellifera capensis / worker reproduction / 9-ODA / individual fitness / DNA fingerprinting


A new composition of reactively sputtered Ta-oxinitride is used as a basic material for thin-film resistors as well as for thin-film capacitors; this single-layer technique enables an economic fabrication process for integrated RC circuits with lumped or distributed RC components. A bandpass circuit with lumped components for a dialing tone receiver and a voiceband low pass with distributed elements for PCM channel filtering are described; in either case a very small size allowed a complete filter to be packed in regular DIL-packages, and good performance and stability were obtained.


THIS is a report of observation and analysis of performance in medical rounds. Medical rounds are traditionally an essential disciplinary exercise in teaching hospitals. This study seeks to answer ...


In order to clarify the anthocyanins composition and assess their thermal characterization in vitro, anthocyanins in the purple corn bract were purified by Amberlite XAD-7 and LH-20 and identified by HPLC-MS. The thermal characterization of anthocyanin was studied by thermogravimetry ( TG) analysis. The results showed that purple corn bract contained 6 kinds of anthocyanins.Three portions were obtained after purifying by LH-20.The first portion was mixture of pelargonidin-3-glucoside and peonidin-3-glucoside,which exhibited the least thermal stability as the second portion containing cyanidin-3-glucoside. The third portion was cyanidin-3-( 6 '- malonylglucoside) which exhibited less thermal stability.The total anthocyanin extract purified by Amberlite XAD-7 exhibited the strongest thermal stability.


The present invention discloses weak macroporous absorption resin for distilling the effective ingredients of Chinese medicine and the synthetic method. The weak macroporous absorption resin provided by the present invention overcomes the defects of the similar products in the market currently, such as fragility and unstable performance; at the same time, specifically eliminates the organic residue in the synthetic process and avoids the possible secondary pollution when distilling the effective ingredients of herbs.


In this paper, a moving monitoring procedure is proposed to detect potential variance change of the location model with dependent errors. The procedure is motivated by the problem that the existing square CUSUM test is insensitive to a late variance change of the location model. The asymptotic distribution of the statistics under the null hypothesis and the consistency under the alternative hypothesis are derived. Simulations show that our monitoring procedure compared to the square CUSUM test offers better power and can more quickly detect change. Moreover, the effectiveness of our procedure is illustrated by applying it to two data sets.


The purpose of this study is to determine the significance of the effect of company size, profitability, investment decisions, and dividend policy on the value of corporate companies using industrial companies basic and chemicals found on the Indonesian stock exchange which has a population of 69 companies. The approach taken in this study is a quantitative approach, this type of research uses explanatory and causal or causal research characteristics. Types of data collection in the documentation and sampling obtained by 14 companies. Based on the results of company size, profitability, investment decisions and dividend policy in a multiparty-together have a significant effect on firm value. Based on the results partially shows that size company does not affect and is not significant top value of the company, profitability has a significant and significant effect on firm value, investment decisions have no effect on firm value, and dividend policy has a positive and significant effect on firm value.
Keywords : Company Size; Profitability; Investation; Dividend.


An oscillation criterion and a nonoscillation criterion are given for the sublinear equation y" + a(t) Iy YIsgn y = 0, 0 -y and nonoscillation for A 0, 4)" 0 and X > -y or with JoTf(t) dt = 0 and X > 1 y, then (1) is oscillatory. When JoTf(t) dt = 0 and X -y in our motivating example. To supplement our first result, we prove a nonoscillation Received by the editors July 13, 1981. A MS (MOS) subject classifications (1970). Primary 34C 10, 34C 1 5. Kev words and phrases. Second order, nonlinear, differential equations, oscillation. 'The first author wishes to thank the Graduate School of Northern Illinois University for a grant that partially supports this research. i 1982 American Mathematical Society 0002-9939/82/0000-0667/$02.25 547 This content downloaded from 184.108.40.206 on Thu, 12 May 2016 06:34:22 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms 548 M. K. KWONG AND J. S. W. WONG theorem which allows us to settle the cases X 1. Integrating (5) twice, first over [s, t], then over [s, T], we obtain ep(T)z-8l'(T) .(s)z(s) -(4(s)zt9 (s))'(T s) (6) (A) + )fTf 4)(T)Z -3(T)Z'2(T) dTdt = (3-( 1 )j t(T)a(T) ddt. Dividing by T and letting T oo, we see that, because the right-hand side tends to a limit and the integrands of the two integrals on the left-hand side as well as the first term are nonnegative, the following limits exist and are finite: (7) 0 lim .0 gA(t)z(t)/t. By (7) again (12) jT X > -y, we can choose +(t) = ty with any ,t such that 0 ,Ly + X > 0. Denote ,uy + X by 6. Then C is defined and (i(s) = se(cos s + o(l)). Since 402(S)S/42(S) = L2/S, (4) is satisfied and so (1) is oscillatory. The same argument works for a(t) = tAf(t) with JoTf(t) dt = 0 and X > -y. The following result extends the necessity part of Belohorec's Theorem, i.e. equation (1) has a nonoscillatory solution if a(t) satisfies 00 (13) a(t) ,> O, |tya(t) dt 0. If there exists a function F(t) E C[O, oo) such that I A(t) I 0 for all t > 1 and so y is nonoscillatory. For the sake of brevity, we omit the subscript m in the following discussion. This content downloaded from 220.127.116.11 on Thu, 12 May 2016 06:34:22 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms 550 M. K. KWONG AND J. S. W. WONG Suppose now that y'(t) = 0 for some t > 1. Let T, be the smallest of such t. Let T2 be the smallest of all those t such that y'(t) = 2m. (If no such t exists, let T2 = m*) Finally let T = min{ T,, T2). Then on [1, T), 0 0 on[ 1, T).) We now integrate the last integral in (18) above: (19) fIA(s)(Yy(s))'ds (2yM)'/(' -r), we have in particular 0 < y'(T) < 2m. This contradicts (16). REMARK. For X < -y and a(T) = tAsin t, we see that I f,' a(s) ds I is less than a constant multiple of t'. Then F(t) ctl\ satisfies the hypotheses of the theorem and so (1) is nonoscillatory. Another example is offered by a(t) = t-F(log t)Asin t, ,u < -2. We see that F(t) can be taken to be a multiple of t-F(log t)O. If F is any C' nondecreasing function such that


The technique of Yingcheng Plaster Sculpture originated from the middle of Hubei.It is the result of several generations' hard work.The technique is characterized with national uniqueness and jade sculpture style.The paper focuses on its birth,characters,fundamental state development and current protection so as to arouse more academic attention.


Lab | Recently Brenner et al. (Brenner et al. LPB (2011)) reported on a se-ries of experimental observations of proton emission from 25nm CH foils irradiated by defocussed 40fs 0.65J 800nm laser pulses. Even with 60 (cid:22) m diameter spots and 10 16 {10 17 Wcm (cid:0) 2 intensities proton spectra that extended up to 2 MeV were ob-served. We have carried out PIC simulations in order to better understand these observations. Here we we will report on the extent to which these simulations have elucidated the key aspects of the experimental observations.


In spite of the presence of modern healthcare facilities such as hospitals, clinics, and health centers, coupled with well advanced modern medical technology, many people in Ghana continue to patronize traditional medicine. Using the qualitative approach, this study investigates the state and practice of traditional medicine among the Ewe of Ghana in contemporary times. In the first place, the study reviews literature on traditional medicine and African healing systems. Secondly, the study discusses the methodological framework. In addition, the study explores the state and practice of traditional medicine among the Ewe of Ghana, focusing on the ethnography of diseases, the topography of traditional medicine practitioners, and the prospects and challenges of the practice of traditional medicine in contemporary times. Data collection instruments such as interviews and observations were used to collect primary data. The study finds that traditional medicine contributes to alternative medicine, saves people from disabilities, and ensures the affordability of healthcare. However, it has been bedeviled with challenges such as the problem of licensing, lack of association, destruction of medicinal herbs, and infrastructural problems. The study concludes that traditional medicine continues to play a major role in healthcare delivery among the Ewe of Ghana in spite of the presence of modern healthcare systems. More significant is the fact that the study contributes to knowledge in the field of medical anthropology and Ewe ethno-medical history.

Keywords: African Traditional Medicine, African Healing Systems, State and Practice, Ewe, Challenges and Prospects


This paper examines changes in the Changes and in the contents and themes of the published articles in varying sections of the Collection of Women's Studies in the last two decades to identify the progress of women's/gender studies in China.This examination will show that women's studies in China have gone from shallower to more in-depth and mature in academic rigor and practical value.There is,however,need for furthering theoretical breakthroughs,enhancing research on major issues facing women's development,which would lead to increased legislative and policy analysis in support of gender equality and the promotion of disciplinary development of women's/gender studies in China.


The word "fashions" first brings to mind the things people wear or don't wear. Some such fashions are whims of the wearers. For example, ornate necklaces, affected by America's first inhabitants, were adopted by mountain men of the 18th century, later became bolos in the western United States, and then moved east in less attractive form. Now men wear neckties again. Beards and hair styles are other examples. Other fashions in attire come and go, influenced by profit motives of designers. Lapels on men's jackets become wide, then narrow, then wide again. Neckties are equally unstable as to width, and bow ties are in and out and in once more. Ladies' hemlines follow an elevator principle; they go up and down on a schedule influenced by the push of a button. There are also fashions in use of words. For instance, slang expressions appear according to whim or need. Some


Introduction. Melanoma is a malignant neoplasm of melanocytic origin. The risk of melanoma among the white race in Europe and USA is from 1/100 000 to 1/200 000. Objective. To present a case with multiple melanoma metastases to the skin of the thorax and abdomen with an atypical clinical picture mimicking herpes zoster infection. Case report. Male patient 77 years old. The primary lesion – a dark brown nodule, 2 cm in diameter – appeared half a year earlier. Under local anaesthesia, the nodule was removed with a 3 cm skin margin. Two months later, multiple, non-painful, brown nodules appeared on the left part of the chest and abdomen and were diagnosed as herpes zoster. The histopathological examination revealed melanoma metastases. SŁOWA KLUCZOWE: czerniak złośliwy, przerzuty, herpes zoster.


A 100 mH standard inductor has been developed for the EUROMET Project n. 607 "Intercomparison of a 100 mH inductance standard". The standard is thermostated. to 0.01/spl deg/C, and configured as a four-terminal pair standard. First characterization results are shown.


In the paper attached to this thesis, Paper I, we have calculated the flux of neutrinos that emanate from cosmic ray collisions in the solar atmosphere. These neutrinos are created in the cascades ...


The intertidal teleosts Gobius paganellus and Lipophrys pholis show endogenous circatidal activity rhythms when recorded in constant conditions. Under these conditions, the rhythm of L. pholis is the more precise which may indicate stronger coupling between underlying circalunadian oscillators in this species. In G. pagunellus the inter-oscillator coupling may be weaker and this could enable a more subtle interpretation of tidal fluctuations than in L. pholis. The oscillators may, however, be fundamentally different in the two species; circalunadian in G. paganellus and circatidal in L. pholis.

When exposed to hydrostatic pressure cycles of tidal frequency both species responded pre- dominantly to increasing pressure, which suggests that in the wild they are likely to be most active on the rising tide. Hydrostatic pressure cycles are confirmed as a zeitgeber for both species by the successful entrainment of some individuals. The lack of entrainment of others impIies that additional zeitgebers are required for complete entrainment.


Nanopowder of a new tin(II) titanium(IV) oxide hydroxide fluoride, Sn1.24Ti1.94O3.66(OH)1.50F1.42, with the pyrochlore-type structure (cubic a = 10.3777(7) A, space group Fd3m) was prepared at 180 °C and pH 2 by using a microwave assisted solvothermal reaction. The grain size of the nanopowder was 20−30 nm. It decomposed into a mixture of anatase-type and rutile-type Sn0.39Ti0.61O2 at around 400 °C. A single phase of rutile-type Sn0.39Ti0.61O2 (tetragonal a = 4.6805(6), c = 3.0961(4) A, space group P42/mnm) having a grain size of about 100 nm could be obtained by heating Sn1.24Ti1.94O3.66(OH)1.50F1.42 at 800 °C.


Modern civilization is largely dependent on railway communication. Ever increasing urban traffic demands higher train speed, more trains per hour, longer trains. This enforces more powerful engines in operation and stronger currents in the supply lines. More supply currents potentially generates more noise. Modern urban railway transportation system involves sophisticated control systems, which are more vulnerable to environmental electromagnetic disturbances. It consists of lot of switching devices, which generates high frequency noise components. Efficiency of coupling is higher at higher frequencies. EMC of the overall monorail systems has to be ensured for safe and smooth operation of Monorail. The present article is based on the measurement performed by the authors for Mumbai Monorail. The objective of this study is electromagnetic field strength survey and assessment of the Electromagnetic Compatibility for train control system installed in Mumbai Monorail. Some measurement results are given. All products have been tested for their EM Compatibility against EN standards.


Co doped ZnV2O4 has been investigated by Synchrotron X-ray diffraction, Magnetization measurement and Extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) analysis. With Co doping in the Zn site the system moves towards the itinerant electron limit. From Synchrotron and magnetization measurement it is observed that there is an effect in bond lengths and lattice parameters around the magnetic transition temperature. The EXAFS study indicates that Co ion exists in the High spin state in Co doped ZnV2O4.


With the rapid development of deep learning, neural network and deep learning algorithms play a significant role in various practical applications. Due to the high accuracy and good performance, Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) especially have become a research hot spot in the past few years. However, the size of the networks becomes increasingly large scale due to the demands of the practical applications, which poses a significant challenge to construct a high-performance implementation of deep learning neural networks. Meanwhile, many of these application scenarios also have strict requirements on the performance and lowpower consumption of hardware devices. Therefore, it is particularly critical to choose a moderate computing platform for hardware acceleration of CNNs. This article aimed to survey the recent advance in Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA)-based acceleration of CNNs. Various designs and implementations of the accelerator based on FPGA under different devices and network models are overviewed, and the versions of Graphic Processing Units (GPUs), Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs) and Digital Signal Processors (DSPs) are compared to present our own critical analysis and comments. Finally, we give a discussion on different perspectives of these acceleration and optimization methods on FPGA platforms to further explore the opportunities and challenges for future research. More helpfully, we give a prospect for future development of the FPGA-based accelerator. Keywords—Deep learning, field programmable gate array, FPGA, hardware acceleration, convolutional neural networks, CNN.


Objective:To study the effects of risperidone and clozapine on the serum prolactin levels and body weight regulation in male schizophrenic patients. Method:80 male patients who met the criteria of CCMD-2-R for schizophrenia were randomly divided into two subgroups receiving treatment of risperidone and clozapine respectively for six weeks.Before and after the treatment, serum PRL were detected and body weight were weighed. Results:Serum PRL levels and body weight increased significantly after the treatment in both groups.The variation of serum PRL and body weight had significant differences between clozapine group and risperidone group, and positive correlations were found between the variation of body weight and the variation of serum PRL levels. Conclusion:Both clozapine and risperidone might increase the serum PRL concentrations and body weight significantly,especially marked in the patients with risperidone.Hyperprolactinemia may be one of the important reasons of body weight gain.


The use of mobile healthcare systems is an option to provide health–monitoring services without restrictions of time and location. Rather than just storing and transmitting health signals, the current stage of the mobile technology enables the development of intelligent modules, so that mobile devices can carry out an initial analysis of the collected data, taking important decisions and acting as a personal health assistant. This work summarises the current state of the art in healthcare monitoring and proposes an extension of this technology via the use of a rule–based module for deduction. The principal advantage of this approach is the easy way to codify the knowledge of domain experts via logic sentences. As example, we discuss a cardiovascular monitoring system that was developed to run in mobile phones.


We report on our analysis of a 274 ks observation of the Vela Pulsar with the Rossi X-Ray Timing Explorer (RXTE). The double-peaked, pulsed emission at 2–30 keV, which we had previously detected during a 93 ks observation, is confirmed with much improved statistics. There is now clear evidence, both in the spectrum and the light curve, that the emission in the RXTE band is a blend of two separate components. The spectrum of the harder component connects smoothly with the OSSE, COMPTEL and EGRET spectra and the peaks in the light curve are in phase coincidence with those of the high-energy light curve. The spectrum of the softer component is consistent with an extrapolation to the pulsed optical flux and the soft component of the second RXTE peak is in phase coincidence with the second optical peak. In addition, we see a peak in the 2–8 keV RXTE light curve at the radio peak phase.


In hydrotechnical practice, there is a great need to use precipitation data in the wider area of the area where the research is being done. The lack of precipitation stations that can register shorter-duration rainfall, less than 24 hours, poses a huge problem for Engineers in practice. Based on this work, an analysis of existing precipitation data is used to create a functional dependence on the wider region based on the available data. Thus formed functional dependency facilitates the solving of a large number of hydrotechnical problems. This work shows the formation of a mathematical model based on MS.


This chapter examines major differences between Portugal and Spain in the politics of crisis during and after the Great Recession and argues that the overall pattern of contrast is largely explained by the book's central theoretical claims. In the economic arena Portugal has managed to diminish inequality during the crisis, whereas in Spain inequality has grown substantially during this period. This pattern of difference is evident under governments of both the Left and the Right. The chapter specifies how the Portuguese tendency to understand democracy in a manner that incorporates protest movements into the essence of the political system encouraged governments to address popular concerns in ways that influenced the distributional impact of crisis. In Spain the pattern was quite different. Consequences for the party systems of the two cases are also discussed. Portugal's generally inclusive democratic practice tended to protect democratic institutions from decline during the economic crisis.


Perhaps we can now hope that primary immunoprevention of cancers that are engaged as people age may receive the attention, support, and legitimacy that will soon result in similar breakthrough stature.


We used a PCR-based molecular DNA sexing technique to sex European Starling Sturnus vulgaris chicks from a nestbox colony at Wytham, Oxford, UK. The nestling sex ratio among 350 one-week-old chicks from 108 broods was significantly femalebiased. There was no significant heterogeneity in brood sex ratio. We found no significant correlations between sex ratio and several environmental and parental variables, nor were there any significant differences in egg dimensions or growth rates of the sexes. Mortality, but not fledging sex ratio, was strongly correlated with hatching order, suggesting that the sex ratio imbalance was not due to sex-biased chick mortality. The possibility that the overall sex ratio bias is dictated by maternal adjustment of the sex ratio is discussed.


Objectives:To investigate the performance of semi-automated measurements (RECIST, volume) of hepatic metastases in multidetector-row computed tomography (MDCT) under normal-dose- and simulated low-dose-protocols. Materials and Methods:Thirty-five patients (67 ± 13 years) with a total of 79 hepatic metastases underwent 16-MDCT (120 kv, 160 mAseff, pitch 1, 3 mm slice thickness, 2 mm reconstruction increment, B30f standard soft tissue kernel) for either initial staging or therapy monitoring. Corresponding raw data from these standard-dose scans were simulated at lower radiation doses of 80/60/40 mAseff (Somatom Noise Vers.6.1 beta, Siemens Healthcare, Forchheim, Germany). A semi-automated software tool (SyngoCT Oncology, Siemens Healthcare, Forchheim, Germany) was applied to each dose setting to evaluate size parameters (RECIST, volume). These measurements were compared by applying repeated-measures analysis of variance and displayed graphically. Results:For RECIST measurements no statistically significant differences were found between standard dose (Mean RECIST diameter: 20.46 ± 8.37 mm) and different simulated low radiation doses (80 mAseff: 20.95 ± 8.20 mm/60 mAseff: 20.50 ± 8.35 mm/40 mAseff: 19.95 ± 8.16 mm): P = 0.0774.Statistically significant differences of volume quantification (P < 0.05) could be found between standard–(3.60 ± 4.63 mL) and simulated lowest dose of 40 mAseff (3.17 ± 4.08 mL), whereas there was no difference (P > 0.05) between 160 mAseff– and either 80 mAseff–(3.46 ± 4.31 mL) or 60 mAseff–protocols (3.44 ± 4.35 mL). Conclusions:Software-assisted assessment of RECIST criteria and volume demonstrated valid performances under different dose-settings in MDCT; therefore, substantial radiation dose reduction could be possible with the use of semi-automated measurements in follow-up studies.


ABST RACT A ten year old castrated male domestic short haired cat was presented to the Veterinary teaching hospital of the Koret School of Veterinary Medicine with a history of relapsing icterus, anemia, and lethargy. A diagnosis of disseminated toxoplasmosis (Toxoplasma gondii) was made on histopathological examination and confirmed by immunohistochemical studies. The immune status of this cat was unknown and therefore it could not be concluded that the disseminated infection was due to immunodeficiency. The presence of a cholangioma in the liver of this cat was regarded as an incidental finding.


This is a photograph of a woman. Figure 1. Museum record from the Danish West Indies collection featuring Anon. Barnepige med barn pa skodet (formerly titled Et barn af familien Lachmann, Upper Bet...


Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignant tumors in China. It has high malignancy, strong invasion and metastasis, and a poor prognosis. It seriously threatens the life and health of people. With the development of modern medical technology, the treatment of HCC has developed into a comprehensive treatment mode based on surgical resection. At present, surgery is still the best cure for liver cancer. The treatment plan should be formulated according to different individuals, such as surgical treatment, ablation, embolization, chemotherapy, molecular targeted therapy, immunotherapy treatment and sequential application of that comprehensive treatment, to improve the overall efficacy of HCC and prolong the survival period and improve the quality of life of patients. The present situation of comprehensive treatment of HCC was discussed in this paper.

Key words:
Hepatic neoplasms; Comprehensive treatment; Surgical procedures, operative; Non-surgical treatment; Ablation; Embolization; Molecular targeted therapy; Immunologic therapy


Review(s) of: Lipid Analysis - Isolation, Separation, Identification and Lipidomic Analysis, 4th Edition, by William W. Christie, and Xianlin Han, Published in 2010, ISBN: 978-0-9552512-4-5, Hard Cover, 446 Pages, 14 Tables, 97 Figures, 776 References, Volume 24 in The Oily Press Lipid Library. Price 85 or US$174.


In this essay, I draw on my fieldwork in Lima, Peru to critically explore the power relationships within my own feminist research and practice and illustrate what feminist research in one's own society might include. I pay special attention to my roles as academic and advocate and reflect on how power asymmetries based on race, educational status, and class were both reproduced and reshaped during my fieldwork, and how my feminist research agenda and partial insider status were directly tied to the creation and continuation of these power asymmetries. As I illuminate potential dilemmas, rewards, and difficulties that may result from feminist research in one's own society, I foreground the potential for effecting social change from within, the researcher's social responsibility and engagement in the field, and the blurring of boundaries between insider and outsider.


Objective: To systematically review the effectiveness of electromyographic biofeedback interventions to improve pain and function of patients with shoulder pain. Design: Systematic review of controlled clinical trials. Literature search: Databases (Medline, EMBASE, CINAHL, PEDro, CENTRAL, Web of Science, and SCOPUS) were searched in December 2020. Study selection criteria: Randomized clinical trials that investigated the effects of electromyographic biofeedback for individuals with shoulder pain. Patient-reported pain and functional outcomes were collected and synthesized. Data synthesis: The level of evidence was synthesized using GRADE and Standardized Mean Differences and 95% confidence interval were calculated using a random-effects inverse variance model for meta-analysis. Results: Five studies were included with a total sample of 272 individuals with shoulder pain. Very-low quality of evidence indicated that electromyographic biofeedback was not superior to control for reducing shoulder pain (standardized mean differences = −0.21, 95% confidence interval: −0.67 to 0.24, P = 0.36). Very-low quality of evidence indicated that electromyographic biofeedback interventions were not superior to control for improving shoulder function (standardized mean differences = −0.11, 95% confidence interval: −0.41 to 0.19, P = 0.48). Conclusion: Electromyographic biofeedback may be not effective for improving shoulder pain and function. However, the limited number of included studies and very low quality of evidence does not support a definitive recommendation about the effectiveness of electromyographic biofeedback to treat individuals with shoulder pain.


The study on the effect of the organic fertilizers on the productivity of the two tomato varieties has been achieved in the municipality of Parakou in the northern Benin. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of the cow, chicken and goat dungs on the growth and fruit yield of two varieties of tomato (F1 Mongal and F1 jaguar). Treatments consisted of three organic fertilizer types (cow, chicken and goat dung) with a control without fertilizer. The dose of applied organic manure is 40t/ha (15kg/ridge). The treatments were randomly distributed into a complete randomized block design and replicated four times. The organic manure was dried and applied three week before transplanting. The results showed that the variety F1 Mongal is significantly (P <0.05) more productive (103kg/are ± 14.65kg/are) than the variety F1 jaguar (49kg/are ±13.22 kg/are). The study revealed that the droppings of chicken increased the forwardness of apparition of the floral buttons and the flowers of two (02) days compared to the witness. With regard to the height and the number of twining stems, they are significantly (P <0.05) increased with the application of chicken droppings (81,5cm ± 7.15cm and 85.5 ± 9.88cm) whereas the circumference to the collar of the tomato plants was significantly (p <0, 05) increased with the application of cow dungs (5.72cm ± 0.05cm). The best outputs (286.4kg/Are ±17.53kg/are) have been obtained with the chicken droppings. It is evident from this study that the combination of chicken droppings with the variety F1 Mongal is more productive than the variety F1 Jaguar with the same organic fertilizer in the municipality of Parakou.


receive the homage of the crowd which will come on the first Saturday in May to see the coronation of Rice's queen at the annual May fete. The honor of being selected queen comes as a climax to a number of similar honors which have been bestowed upon Miss Stewart throughout her college career. For three years she was a member of the Woman's council. Three times she has been a member of the May Queen's court, once, as a duchess. Last year she was Rice's princess at the Dallas fair, and the year before Rice's sweetheart at the roundup at the University of Texas. In addition to being president of P, A. L. S. she is a member ol the Dramatic club. Out of a field of five, Miss Stew-Next Tuesday at the regular senate J art received the most of 237 co-ed meeting of the Rice Institute chapter j votes, with Loula Boss Johnson and of Phi Beta Kappa new members for i Christine Pqpe coming second and the 1932 term will be elected. After • third respectively. Miss Johnson and this election no more members will be i Miss Pope, will serve as princesses. B " ruct admitted until the end of thg term just prior t <% commencement. At this week's meeting of the society, held at Cohen house Tuesday, tentative nominations for membership were made but actual voting deferred until the next meeting. Catherine Montgomery and Nelda Reicher't were defeated candidates of the five who were nominated. With selection of the queen out of the way, co-ed interest centers on the selection of duchesses and maids which will be Monday at 1 o'clock in Admittance to Phi Beta Kappa is i 'he Physics amphitheater. After hear-based on scholarship, character, and j "g rules of the elections, co-eds will activity. The upper twentieth of the' separate into their class groups and graduating class is eligible for membership. The fact that membership in Phi Beta Kappa does not always carry distinction is the weapon which the organization holds over members who are admitted in their junior or early senior years and then slump off in their last year's work. Distinction is awarded for consistent excellence and is sometimes, but rarely , attained by students who are not Phi Beta Kappas. According to office records there are many instances in which Phi Beta Kappas whose work fell off …


Backward pedal is not only the key to the sprint skill but the impetus of the physical movement.By the principles of kinematics and mechanics,this paper discusses the function of the kill of sprint with kneebend so as to offer theoretical help to the further improvement of the teaching and training of sprint skill.


The rapid and arguably remarkable transformation of Singapore from a British colony and trading port, subjected to the ordeals of the World War II in the Pacific and the Japanese Occupation from 1942 to 1945, forced into independence in 1965 by the failure of a merger with Malaysia, and evolving from Third World to the First as the founding Prime Minister of Singapore Lee Kuan Yew puts it, has been documented in countless books and articles (e.g., Gopinathan, 2015). At the core of Singapore's economic development has been the critical role that education has played, and continues to do so (Shanmugaratnam, 2008). To understand Singapore's transformation is to understand the interplay between education, economy, society, and globalization, given how plugged in the nation-state is into the complex networked space of global flows (Castells, 1996). Its education has constantly evolved to meet the changing demands of the country, with educational policies designed to attend to national, societal and global economic challenges. Singapore's educational changes and reforms have been seen as contributing success factors with Singapore education system's top ranking performance over the years in international assessments such as the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA). But scholars have espoused the need for a "careful consideration of the social, cultural and institutional contexts of a high-performing system, which many scholars have argued, is crucial for understanding the educational success of a country" (Deng & Gopinathan, 2016, p. 458). Educational reforms and changes need to be further contextualized within a longer frame of history to understand the nuanced workings of policy and pedagogical reforms as well as their impact and consequences. While reforms indicate the introduction of something new, they are built on prior educational trajectories, developments and legacies – they are products of distinctive histories of schooling, social problems, political and economic demands. Notwithstanding the increasingly global exchange of knowledge and circulation of ideas, there are limits to policy borrowing and policy solutions that stem from other educational systems (Burdett & O'Donnell, 2016; Steiner-Khamsi & Waldow, 2012; Tan, 2016). Granted, international and comparative research and sociology of education (e.g., Cowen & Kazamias, 2009; Mehta & Davies, 2018; Rizvi & Lingard, 2010) suggest some common challenges most if not all systems face: decreasing educational funding; continuous tensions between key social institutions (state, school, industry, religion) due to structural or ideological reasons; pathways from school to further education and work in flux and limiting to those who lack access to various forms of capital; erosion of professional autonomies for schools and teachers; persistence of institutional mechanisms of accountability and performativity; increasing separation of education, social, economic, and health policies leading to less-than-optimal educational experiences and learning conditions for children already at risk. Some of these challenges manifest in localized ways in Singapore's context, with efforts to address them through educational policy and pedagogical reforms post-Independence in 1965. Unlike other countries where the course of education could be altered dramatically with a single change of political governance, the relative stability of political rule by the Singapore's reigning party, the People's Action Party (PAP), since independence meant an evolutionary development in educational policies. As a very local response, under PAP's governance, an instrumental approach to education has long been harnessed to produce human capital in the nation-state that lacks natural resources. Thus, ASIA PACIFIC JOURNAL OF EDUCATION 2020, VOL. 40, NO. 4, 425–432 https://doi.org/10.1080/02188791.2020.1841430


Cochlear implantation in children with sensorineural hearing loss is preferably performed at youngest age because early auditory input is essential to prevent neural plasticity decline. In contrast, the rate of anesthetic adverse events is increased during infancy. Therefore, to provide recommendations regarding an optimal pediatric implantation age, these possible anesthetic risks in infants need to be taken into account.


Let X1, X2, …, Xn be a random sample of size n from an extreme value distribution and X1:n less than or equal X2:n less than or equal … less than or equal Xn:n be the order statistics ob-tained from this sample. Tables of the means, variances, and covariances of the order statistics for samples of size n are given for n = 1(1)15(5)30. The computational formulae and procedure used and some checks employed are explained.


The anionic polymerization of 2-hydroxyethyl and other acrylate and methacrylates containing mobile hydrogen atoms can be accompanied by an undesirable thermal ω-polymerization. It was shown that this process may be efficiently inhibited by nitroxyl radicals, in particular, 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperinyloxy. The effects of concentrations of the inhibitor, oxygen, and dimethylbenzylamine on the kinetics of 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate polymerization and the duration of the induction period were examined. The mechanism of thermally induced polymerization of 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate in the presence of oxygen and dimethylbenzylamine was considered, and reactions leading to accumulation of the crosslinked polymer responsible for ω-polymerization were revealed.


In the present study, combined Cordyceps wine of the two dose groups of 0.45 g/kg∙BW/d (low dose) and 0.9 g/kg∙BW/d (high dose) were administered orally to mice for 1 month. Coefficients of immune organs, humoral immune function and mononuclear macrophage activities were determined to study the immune function of combined Cordyceps wine. The results indicated that the combined Cordyceps wine in the high-dose group could significantly increase the numbers of antibody of mice, which was 62.94% higher than that in the blank control group. The high-dose and low-dose groups could significantly increase phagocytic index of the chicken's erythrocyte, accounting for 44% and 40% higher than that of the control group. The percentages of phagocytosis increased by 21.57% and 19.61%, respectively, compared with the control group. The high-dose group of combined Cordyceps wine had an effect on increasing numbers of antibodies and enhancing the phagocytic activity of mononuclear macrophages of mice.


This research has purpose to develop a model of TAM (Technology Acceptance Model). It tries to analyze the role of expertise and innovativeness of the consumers in shaping their attitude. It uses the technique of non random sampling that is accidental sampling. Based on such technique, it gains 105 respondents. It shows that the perceive-easy of use of the products bought by the customers has significant influence towards the customers' attitude in e-banking industries. Also, when using the moderating variables, the variables of expertise and innovativeness do not have any role significantly in moderating the relationship between perceive easy of use and the customers' attitude towards the transaction in e banking. Again, Perceive usefulness is found to have significant influence on the consumers' attitude in using the technology. Besides that, the consumer innovativeness and expertise apply to this condition.


3rd Generation Partnership Project Long Term Evolution (3GPP LTE) has adopted orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) as downlink and single carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) as uplink for multiple access scheme. SC-FDMA is adopted in uplink due to its low peak to average power ratio (PAPR). To reduce PAPR in OFDMA, several techniques are used in literature. SC-FDMA is adopted in 3GPP as it shows better PAPR characteristics than OFDMA. Many researches are still going on to find the impact of different parameters on PAPR in SC-FDMA. In this paper, a PAPR reduction technique is proposed where the precoding is done in the first step and at the second step, clipping is performed using SC-FDMA environment. Result shows that the PAPR is reduced at the increase in number of clips.


manufacturing stage is relatively small whilst that in the merchanting stage is large," primarily because of the enormous variety of design and quality in lace. Organization was necessary for the lace manufacturers to deal with the competitive problems which they encountered in an oligopsonistic market. Varley emphasizes the success of this cooperative enterprise in bringing stability to the industry, but he indicates that "the effectiveness of the scheme will be severely conditioned, if not entirely dissipated, by competition from the French leavers' industry, and the machine-embroidery and the warp and barmen lace industries of the United Kingdom, Switzerland, and Germany, by financial stresses, or by chronic excess capacity." Rather striking is the paradox of an industry dependent upon export markets demanding tariff protection, as did the lace manufacturers in the 1920's and 1930 s. Indeed, the author argues that "the industry's ability to compete in foreign markets depended upon there being a stable and protected home market." The author has focused his discussion rather narrowly on the lace industry, although he indicates that its problems "have much in common" with the quarter of a million small firms in the British economy. Yet, this is essentially a case study, not only of an industry's attempts to solve its common problems but also of the history of the lace industry in the nineteenth century. Four solidly packed chapters treat location factors, technology, industrial structure, and marketing as they evolved from 1768 until the formation of the Association in 1915. Although Varley has made little effort to relate developments in the lace industry to general trends in the British economy, he has perhaps demonstrated excessive modesty in his statement that he "anticipates that this volume will circulate very little outside the trade." In spite of this disclaimer by the author, the work should be of considerable interest to business historians, particularly those concerned with business associations, the problems of small business, and the role of government.


The aim of this study is to deepen the knowledge of international exchanges in a schoolcontext, focusing on what effect the exchanges have for, mainly, the students involved. Thelegitimacy of the study has arised from the increasing interest in international exchanges,particularly in the school context, and the focus of globalization and international issues inthe curriculum for the Swedish school.The work has been realized through interviewing students who have participated in anexchange trip to Tanzania. They were asked to describe the learning which they believetook place in connection with the trip. In parallel the students' intercultural competencehave been measured and compared to a group of students who have not taken part in anexchange. The underlying aim is to broaden the understanding of the effects of internationalexchanges. In addition the effects are put in relation to the ambition of internationalisationdescribed in the curriculum for the Swedish upper secondary school.The results of the study is partly ambiguous. The students mean the exchanges did leadto a considerable learning, but this learning – in particular the effects on their interculturalcompetence – can in some cases be regarded as poor. On the other hand: in comparison tothe the group who have not participated in an exchange the intercultural competence is higher,which can prove positive effects of the exchange. This conclusion is similar to those ofearlier research on the field, and inspires to continued and increased studies.


This is a book about some people I know, some I know of and many who are part of ornithological history. It covers 22 naturalists, four of whom are still alive and well. Each person gets a compact biography of a dozen pages. This allows the author to capture the es sence of a naturalist's life and give a sense of their contribution to ornithology. I was one of a multitude of birders to go into the field with Murray Speirs. Even an hour with Murray was an enlightening experience that changed your perspective. My own resolution following a day with Murray was to take far better daily notes. Although I saw Doris Speirs many times I only went out with her once. This was an expedition to see an Ivory Gull that became an unforgettable Keystone-cops farce. Bob Nero is a legend in the prairies. He spent much of his life promoting conservation with his partner Lady Grayl, a Great Grey Owl. When he introduced me to this lovely bird he insisted I tickle its tummy. I was amazed to see my index finger disappear into the thick layer of feathers. It was as memorable as Ruth's hospitality. Although I never met Robert Bateman, I did spend time on a board with his brother Ross. From him I learned of Robert's change from an art teacher to a full-time professional. The remaining 19 people are people I have known about for many years, some more intimately than others. For all these naturalists the author provides a good summary of their lives. The early naturalists are represented by Alexander Wilson, John James Audubon and Thomas Nuttall. These amateurs became the founders of ornithology in North America. From humble beginnings these three men overcame major obstacles to bring North American birds to the world. It is hard to imagine Audubon giving dance lessons to finance his art or Nuttall living from hand to mouth as he worked on both plants and birds. Incidentally Nuttall's great bird book – Manual of the Ornithology of the United States and Canada – is available on line at http://www.archive.org/stream /manualofornithol00nutt#page/124/mode/2up. Audubon's monumental folio did bring him wealth before he died, but you will need more than $10 million to buy a copy today. The Smithsonian has had an enormous influence on natural science on this continent and has provided us with great scientists. These include Spencer Baird, Robert Kennicott and Robert Ridgeway. All three were brilliant innovative men, each of whom made some special contributions to ornithology. The next group of four includes the first two women who became famous as ornithologists. This was at a time when women were not always taken seriously and travel and exploration was tough going for everyone. When I read the chapter on Jack Miner I wondered how he would handle Miner's controversial traits. His conservation philosophy was very selective. He be lieved God put birds on earth for man's control and use. With this religious viewpoint he considered nonmonogamous and predatory birds (hawks, owls and crows) morally bad, and took measures to eliminate them. The author downplays this aspect of Miner's life. He also infers that Miner in North America was the first to band birds and this is incorrect (this technique had been introduced by Leon Cole some years earlier than Miner's first trial.) For reasons I do not understand I knew little about James Henry Fleming until I read this book. He was a Canadian pioneer who gave his extensive collection to the Royal Ontario Museums of Zoology (now the ROM). He was also an influence on Canada's first professional ornithologist, Percy Taverner. This is a man I do know, having bought two of his three major books. Margaret Morse Nice was a legend when I arrived in Canada. This delightful lady showed us all the importance of patient, detailed study. Her studies on the Song Sparrow gave her justifiable fame that she used to promote bird conservation. Joseph Dewey Soper was a Canadian Arctic explorer and productive author. He opened our eyes to the magic of the Arctic, renowned for his studies on the Blue (Snow) Goose. Louise de Kiriline Lawrence survived the Russian Revolution to become first a Canadian nurse and then a naturalist. Her prolific writings were the backbone of the National Audubon Society magazine. The author has chosen some of the key figures in Natural History in North America. His book would be wonderful to read on an aeroplane or at a cottage. It is written in a smooth flowing style that is effortless to read. Because each of the chapters is a complete story it is easy to pick up and put down, despite interruptions. I do have a few quibbles, apart from my comments on Miner's dark side. Some biographies end abruptly – most notably Audubon's. I would like to have seen Earl Godfrey added to the book. Overall it was fun to read and enlightening to be reminded of the tremendous contribution each of these people made to the study of wildlife in North America.


However, by summarizing the public statements in Greece about Israel, one could argue that whereas some regard Athens'multifaceted relationship with Jerusalem, cultivated from 2008 onward, as Greece's most significant international alliance since joining the EU, many others consider it a curse. They fear that this relationship casts Greece as a satellite of Israel, thus placing Athens in opposition to the nascent Palestinian nation and the Muslim world. Indeed, many negative sentiments and biases within Greek society about Israel and the Jewish people still exist, and these were exacerbated by the 2014 Operation Protective Edge. Some emanate from the left of the political spectrum as a result of its longstanding sympathy for the Palestinians in the form of criticism against Israel's policy, and some from the extreme right with its traditional antisemitic attitudes.


For centuries, world culture has been thinking about the essence of the idea of Eternal femininity, manifested in philosophy and art. The idea of Eternal femininity is formed from a set of concepts that define a Woman, beauty, love, motherhood, chastity, wisdom, harmony. The purpose of the work is to consider the idea of Eternal femininity in the work of a modern Russian poet – A.M. Sharonov. The goal is realized in the process of analyzing the poem "Valentine" dedicated to the poet's wife. The lyrical heroine is the embodiment of femininity for A.M. Sharonov. The research is based on the application of a set of methods ‒ cultural-historical, comparative-historical, method of holistic analysis of a work of art. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the analysis of A. M. Sharonov's poem "Valentina" in the proposed context for the first time. The article proves that the image of Eternal femininity is formed by A.M. Sharonov through the mythological perception of femininity, which has demiurgic features peculiar to a woman by right of her birth as a woman. She is a demiurge because she was created to give birth (= create), for her this is not goal-setting, as for a man, but a given. A. M. Sharonov's woman is not secondary, not passive, not only an object of admiration and worship, but also a subject who energetically carries out life. According to A.M. Sharonov, a Woman contains wisdom, beauty, love, creative power that contributes to the transformation of the world and gives a person the opportunity to ascend to the heights he has chosen, which determines for him the idea of Eternal femininity.


Since during advanced stages of vitamin B deficiency there is considerable tissue catabolism, it was thought of interest to investigate if in this avitaminosis there are any significant changes in the non-protein constituents of the blood of the albino rat. The total non-protein nitrogen of the blood was studied in 8 pairs of rats on diets deficient in the vitamin B complex and in 2 pairs on rations deficient only in vitamin B. Weekly determinations were made. Litters were restricted to the same plane of nutrition as the pathological animals but in addition received either the vitamin B complex or vitamin B in the form of dehydrated Northwestern baker's yeast. In addition, 3 sets of animals were studied in groups of 4. The first one of each group received the vitamin B deficient diet (vitamin G having been supplied by autoclaved N. W. yeast); a litter mate received vitamin B but was restricted to the same amount of food and water as the pathological animal; a third litter mate received the same ration as the second, but water ad libitum; and the fourth litter mate received the same diet as the second, and food and water ad libitum. In these animals the concentration of the non-protein nitrogen, urea, and uric acid of the blood were determined once weekly. The age of the animals was 50 to 68 days. The weight was from 65 to 91 gm. and the experimental period lasted from 14 to 155 days. Summarizing the results on the vitamin B complex, there was an average concentration of 39.7 mg. non-protein nitrogen per cent in the pathological animals and 37.7 mg. per cent in the controls receiving vitamin B, but on the same plane of nutrition as the avitaminotic rats.


In order to solve the intensity of blasting excavation and protect the safety of adjacent buildings and residents,the field tests of blasting vibration were taken to obtain the empirical formula of blasting vibration propagation in the third cascade power station plant,then calculated the maximum charge amount per delay at different distance.At EL 340 m platform,we taken tests of pre-split blasting and deep hole blasting and monitoring.The results show that using loosing blasting with millisecond delay,firing hole by hole,can meet the requirements of blasting vibration and flyrocks in deep hole blasting,which provides a scientific basis for adjusting the excavation method.


In Data Mining, one of the most relevant emerging problems is the generation of a network model from sequential data of events and observations. This can be abstracted by treating a sequence of observations as a linear order. The network model can then be generated by reconstructing a poset from the set of linear orders. There have already been algorithms devised to solve this problem, the most efficient of which runs in O(mn + n2)-time, where m is the number of linear orders and n is the number of elements in a linear order. However, if the class of poset is known, then it would also be relevant to find a more efficient algorithm to reconstruct it. This paper presents a more efficient algorithm that runs in O(mn)-time in reconstructing a tree poset from a given set of linear orders.


Claudia Patch had a vision and a goal in dentistry before she set foot in her first dental class; she had her sights set on a specific dental practice and once she found her direction, she made each decision accordingly.


Contractures of hand produce considerable morbidity. Despite improvements in the overall management of acute thermal injuries, contractures still occur and are the most common cause of skin contracture in hand. These are largely preventable by good initial care. We studied 24 consecutive patients of postburn contractures of hand treated at MGM Medical College, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India, with the aim to evaluate the functional outcome. Age of patients ranged from 2 to 60 years. The right hand was affected in 10, left in 7 and both hands in 7. Average total body surface area burned was 10.15%. The flame burn was a major cause of deformity in 16 patients. Mean QuickDASH Score was 19.6 and it improved to 5.1 at 1 year. All patients underwent contracture release, full thickness skin grafting, and K wire fixation. Post-treatment, the majority of the patients had good to excellent Total Active Motion (TAM) rating. To conclude, appropriate and timely reconstructive procedures can greatly improve the function of hands afflicted with post-burn contractures. Time of presentation, age and gender do not significantly affect the degree of improvement in the functional outcome.


The theory of trade based on non-homothetic preferences shows that,the income distribution will influence a country's import and export commodities structure through the demand structure.We use a gravity approach which contains the income distribution factors to examine the existence of home-market effects in China.The results show that the home-market effect relies on both demand scale and demand structure.This means that China should take advantage of the existing demand structure appropriately to excavate the potential of home-market effects.


HTML5 video is the upcoming standard for playing videos on the World Wide Web. Although its specification has not been fully adopted yet, all major browsers provide the HTML5 video element and web developers already rely on its functionality. But there are differences between implementations and inaccuracies that trouble the web developer community. To help to improve the current situation we draw a comparison between the most important web browsers. We focus on the event mechanism, since it is essential for interacting with the video element. Furthermore, we compare the seeking accuracy, which is relevant for more specialized applications. Our tests reveal varieties of differences between browser interfaces and show that even simple software solutions may still need third-party plugins in today's browsers.


In this paper some distribution theories of the segregating populations in self-fertilized populations are derived, assuming that the random disturbance (or environmental effect) follows the normal distribution. Utilizing these distribution results, some efficient statistical procedures such as the maximum likelihood (ML) method are introduced for estimating the number of genes and the effects of genes. The methods and the techniques developed are then applied to analyze Shakudo's data of panicle length of rice and Goodwin's data of flowering time of Solidag sempervirens L. These numerical examples seem to indicate that the present approach is useful and desirable; it extracts more information from limited data than by using the classical approaches.


In this account we disclose our results on the synthesis of 3-hydroxy-substituted rubromycin derivatives. We reevaluate our methoxyallene-based first-generation approach to this class of natural products, that so far suffered from a notoriously inefficient late-stage spiroketalization step. While resuming model studies we recognized that the success of this acid-mediated key transformation is highly solvent-dependent. Methanol turned out to be the solvent of choice. With one substrate an unexpected intramolecular Friedel–Crafts-type alkylation provided an interesting hexacyclic side-product. Based on these observations and with several adjustments to the synthetic route, but still maintaining the original retrosynthetic strategy, here we present a second-generation approach that eventually allowed the preparation of several rubromycin derivatives (on an up to >100 mg scale) for the first time.


The FTB-1 is the first unmanned space vehicle built by Centro Italiano di Ricerche Aerospaziali (CIRA) as part of its strategic Unmanned Space Vehicles (USV) program. Offering a series of reusable, unmanned spacecraft acting as "flying laboratories," CIRA's spacecraft will be used by the international community for a range of scientific projects. Wind River technology plays a fundamental role in this innovative undertaking, performing mission-critical, complex functions such as flight management, flight path control, and communications management.


The Geographical Indication (GI) is the recognition used to indicate the origin of a product or service in a given region or locality. Protection for products or services, with specific characteristics attributable to the geographical environment, has been growing around the world and GI, constituted as an instrument of intellectual property, are becoming increasingly important for regional development and international trade. In this perspective, this article carried out a bibliometric study in order to know the scenario and research trends on the theme of GI at an international level, by surveying the scientific productions contained in the Scopus and Web of Science research bases, in the period between 2010 to 2019. For that, the keywords "Geographical Indication" or "Indication of Provenance" or "Indication of origin" were used as an article search method, along with the Article title, Abstract and Keywords descriptors of the databases consulted. After refinement and adequacy of the identified works, 374 publications were analyzed. The results of this study point to Italy, France and Brazil with the highest occurrences of publications. Biological and Agricultural Sciences (45%), Social Sciences (26%), Business, Management and Accounting (12%), Environmental Science (9%) and Economics, Econometrics and Finance (8%) contemplate the areas of concentration of studies on IG. It was identified as clusters of scientific production content networks related to GI and its legal aspects, GI and differentiation, Governance and rural development.


Despite the high level of movement of people and goods among Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan, laws governing cross-border movements neither accord preferential treatment to resid...


On the basis of the explicit second order solutions of the nonlinear vector fields, an algorithm to figure out the sensitivity of nonlinear modal interaction index with respect to the system parameters is presented by use of numerical differentiation. By means of analyzing the nonlinear interaction between control mode and low frequency oscillation mode and that between control mode and state variables, the excitation regulator which remarkably effects the system stability under large disturbances is recognized, and the effects of changing the parameters of excitation regulator on nonlinear correlativity amid the modes and that on dynamic characteristics and stability of power system are researched. The correctness of the presented method and viewpoint is verified by case results.


We studied the dynamics of spatial solitons at a phase-mismatch interface in quadratic nonlinear waveguides. We present here a simple formalism to analyze intensity-dependent reflection, refraction and emission of beams. Experimental demonstrations at a phase-mismatch PPLN/LiNbO3 interface are reported.


The Java programming language has been widely used to develop dy- namic content in Web pages. The Java Virtual Machine (JVM) executes Java bytecode. For efficient transmission over the Internet, the Java bytecode is a stack oriented architecture: instructions need not contain source and destination speci- fiers in their bytecodes. The Java bytecodes may be executed on various platforms by interpretation or just in time (JIT) compiling to the native primitives of the particular machine. However, with a few exceptions, Java has not been used for developing network computing applications that demand high performance. In this paper, we investigate the potential parallelism of Java bytecodes and describe a Java processor architecture which aims to exploit instruction level parallelism (ILP). A Java processor can execute bytecodes directly so that we can expect higher performance than from interpretation or JIT compilation. In contrast to other Java processors, our processor exploits ILP: it can execute multiple com- putational instructions in parallel. Because the Java Virtual Machine stack based, push and pop instructions are frequent. Usually, the top of the stack will become the bottleneck. We investigate the possibilities of parallel access to the stack and the execution of push/pop with zero time. We have developed an architectural simulator which evaluates the performance of various configurations. The sim- ulation results show that our Java ILP processor could achieve an average 2.96 EIPC (effective instructions per cycle) with a 16-instruction scheduling window and 3.36 EIPC with a 32-instruction window.


played a key role in the extinction and recovery processes, but we are still discovering how exactly it was involved. Our findings about the chemistry of the ocean at the time provide us with a clearer picture of how this complex process delayed the recovery of life for so long.' Professor Simon Poulton, of the University of Leeds, who co-authored the study, said: 'The neat point about this study is that it shows just how critical an absence of oxygen, rather than the presence of toxic sulphide, was to the survival of animal life. We found that marine organisms were able to rapidly recolonize areas where oxygen became available.'


The wind turbine with a variable-pitch vertical axis is a novel type of small wind turbine with great development potential in the field of wind power generation. This study assessed the aerodynamic performance of a two-dimensional variable-pitch vertical-axis wind turbine (VAWT) under fluctuating wind conditions (sinusoidal-type fluctuations with an average velocity of 6 m/s) using the finite-volume method and the RNG k−ε turbulence model. The effects of the fluctuating inflow amplitude (Uamp), frequency (fc), and mean tip speed ratio (λmean) on the power coefficient of the wind turbine are analyzed. The results show that a maximum power coefficient of 0.33 is obtained when the inflow amplitude reaches 50% of the average velocity. The power coefficient initially increases and then decreases with the increase in the fluctuating inflow frequency, reaching a maximum value of 0.32 at fc=0.45 Hz. Furthermore, the power coefficient reaches its maximum value of 0.372 at λmean = 0.5. Proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) is used to decompose and reconstruct the flow field under both fluctuating and uniform inflow conditions. A comparison of the POD analysis between the two conditions shows that the energy distribution is more dispersed under the fluctuating inflow condition and reconstructing the flow field under fluctuating inflow conditions requires more POD modes than that under uniform inflow conditions.


A calculating method and data of the filter coefficients of orthogonal spline wavelets are given. Then the application of orthogonal spline wavelets in image compression is studied, and the comparison between the orthogonal spline wavelets and some other common useful wavelets are made, such as daubechies wavelets and biorthogonal wavelets. The results show that the method is efficient.


ligand 12 (CXCL12; Stromal cell-derived factor 1 [SDF1]), a chemokine protein ubiquitously expressed by various cell and tissue types, has primarily been characterized for its role in embryogenesis and hematopoiesis. Our lab's previous work demonstrated that CXCL12 expression is inducible secondary to the stabilization of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor (HIF)-1 following hypoxic tissue injury. Our findings demonstrated that CXCL12 has an essential role in the complex molecular underpinnings regulating neovascularization and tissue repair, but questions remain regarding its molecular and cellular interactions. To further characterize the nature of CXCL12 expression and regulatory control during neovascularization, we engineered a conditional CXCL12 knockout mouse specifically ablating vascular endothelial CXCL12.


A peptidase was separated from the culture filtrate of Streptomyces griseus ATCC 3463. The enzyme acts best at pH 8.0 for leucyl peptides and is most stable in the pH range from 6.0 to 9.0. The enzyme is unstable against dialysis, but stable on storage in higher concentrations. The enzyme has a characteristic substrate specificity different from that of kidney leucine aminopeptidase. It hydrolyzes rapidly DL-leucylglycylglycylglycine and DL-leucylglycylglycine but slowly DL-leucylglycine and L-leucine amide. In contrast with kidney leucine amino-


Tang Xianzu's "Four dreams of Linchuan" established his position in the theater history."Nanke Dream" has been shrouded in religious atmosphere.Under the framework of Buddhism,it shows the thought of "life being a dream" and "Dharma emptiness".


In the geometric situation of some simple unitary Shimura varieties studied by Harris and Taylor, I have built two filtrations of the perverse sheaf of vanishing cycles. The graduate of the first are the $p$-intermediate extension of some local Harris-Taylor's local systems, while for the second, obtained by duality, they are the $p+$-intermediate extensions. In this work, we describe the difference between these $p$ and $p+$ intermediate extension. Precisely, we show, in the case where the local system is associated to an irreducible cuspidal representation whose reduction modulo $l$ is supercuspidal, that the two intermediate extensions are the same. Otherwise, if the reduction modulo $l$ is just cuspidal, we describe the $l$-torsion of their difference.


Biostratigraphic studies were carried out on the strata penetrated by SAA-1 and 3 wells in Niger Delta. A total of One hundred and fifty ditch samples from both wells were analyzed for their foraminiferal content and calcareous nannofossil with a view towards identifying biostratigraphic zones, age determination, correlating the wells and paleoenvironmental reconstruction. The study revealed two planktonic foraminiferal zones from SAA-1 well, Globigerinoides trilobus immaturus zone (N9-N10) and N8 zone and three zones were identified for SAA-3 well; (N11), Globigerinoides trilobus immaturus (N9-N10) and Globorotalia fohsi peripheroronda zone (N8). The calcareous nannofossils zones identified [Helicosphaera bramlettei and Helicophaera truempyi (NN1) and Cyclicargolithus floridanus and Helicophontosphaera ampliaperta (NN4) zones]. All the zones were dated Early to Middle Miocene age using the standard zonation scheme.


A most widely used statistical analysis is regression, where one tries to explain a response variable Y by an explanatory variable X based on paired data (X1, Y1), · · · , (Xn, Yn). The most common way to model the dependence of Y on X is to look for a linear relationship with additional noise, Yi = β0 + β1Xi + εi with ε1, · · · , εn taken to be independent and identically distributed random variables with mean 0 and variance σ. The unknown quantities are (β0, β1, σ ). Many pairs of natural measurements exhibit such linear relationships. The figure below shows on the left a plot of atmospheric pressure (in inches of Mercury) against boiling point of water (in degrees F) based on 17 pairs of observations. Although water's boiling point and atmospheric pressure should have a precise physical relationship, there would always be some deviation in actual measurements due to factors that are hard to control.


. Aerodynamic design analysis was conducted for the stability of a lightweight solar aircraft weighing 3 kg and a wingspan of 3.2 m. Airfoil analysis was conducted on four selected airfoils. The following factors were considered: good aerodynamic characteristics, low Reynolds number, high lift, low drag, high lift-to-drag ratio, quiet moment coefficient, moderate thickness, and camber curvature. WE-3.55.93 airfoil was selected as best and used to design the wing, and NACA 0008 was used to develop the empennage. The fuselage was designed with two compartments 1.9 m long, and the second compartment is made of aluminium or carbon fibre to reduce weight. The first compartment was 0.95 m long and 0.4 m in diameter. The centre of gravity was determined for the importance of the various aircraft components to ensure aerodynamic stability and balance. The complete assembly was designed using XFLR5 v6 software.


The Conference and the New Education T H E recent economic crisis has brought mankind to an earnest consideration of spiritual facts and values, and to an enlightened realization of the part that spirit plays in real living. We know now, better than ever before, that "Man cannot live by bread alone," and that the world starves for the invisible substance which feeds mind, soul and spirit. Every activity in present-day life is demonstrating with more or less clarity the fact that existence is dependent for its complete success upon the gratification which the individual feels, when his desire for satisfying inner experiences has been conclusively and effectively met. Along with other social agencies, education is realizing that emphases formerly accepted as fundamental and sound have failed to prepare for that satisfying inner life, which the tragedy of the depression has revealed as of paramount importance to all mankind. The barren educational philosophy which sought to stress, as its chief aim, the accumulation of unrelated factual knowledge is being abandoned for the more vital principle which bases all learning on life experience, with its consequent opportunities for self-expression on the part of the learner. As a feature of this changing educational point of view, the expressive arts are being summoned with frequent insistence to make their contribution to the "wellintegrated personality" that must be our children's, if their school program of studies is to fulfill the obligation imposed upon it. The need for musical experience in the revised educational scheme of things is multiplying with increasing rapidity, and with this need come opportunities for teaching activities for which the music educator has long and devoutly prayed. The new educational program implies a revision not only of educational theory but of educational practice as well. The changing point of view necessitates new approaches and new techniques. Content of courses and teaching procedures alike are being closely scrutinized and scientifically evaluated with resulting eliminations and substitutions. In this process of re-evaluation, music is undergoing the same scientific analysis to which all teaching activities are beng subjected, with the result that new objectives are being set up and new approaches and new emphases established. In this connection it is noted with satisfaction that the Conference, in its richly diversified program prepared for the 1934 Chicago meeting, is courageously accepting


Continuous Chromatography | SartoriusExamples of Chromatography Chromatography in Real LifeChromatography Page 1 8 Lab #5 SIZE EXCLUSION ...Advance Scientific & Chemical Lab and Bulk Chemicals Identifying Amino Acids By Using Paper Chromatography Lab Equipment and Lab Supplies | Fisher ScientificExperiment 6 — Thin-Layer ChromatographyThin Layer Chromatography (TLC)Answer Key for Chromatography Lab Weebly(PDF) CHROMATOGRAPHY ( HPLC ) LAB REPORTPaper chromatography experiment setup.Paper chromatography of plant pigments | BiolympiadsPaper Chromatography Experiment Report | Examples and SamplesWhat Is Paper Chromatography and How Does it Work THESENTIAL C Buy online: HROMATO Con tac us: GRAPHY S ...Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC): Principle, Procedure Leaf Chromatography Experiment | HST Learning CenterThin Layer Chromatography Chemistry LibreTextsPaper Chromatography of Amino AcidsThin Layer Chromatography (TLC)Thin Layer Chromatography Instrumentation Microbe NotesThin layer chromatography TLCPAPER CHROMATOGRAPHY Chem LabPaper Chromatography: Is Black Ink Really Black? | Science Paper Chromatography (Theory) : Class 11 Amrita Online LabColor Chromatography Experiments | HST Chemistry ProjectsLaboratory Balances | Fisher ScientificChromatography Instruments | PerkinElmerChromatography of painkiller drugs ChemBAMChromatographydefinition, principle, types, applicationsGas Chromatography | GC Instruments | PerkinElmerMidland Scientific Inc | Lab Supplies, Chemicals, Lab Buy Scientific Instruments & Lab Equipment Online | USALabHow does chromatography work? Explain that StuffGas chromatography WikipediaGreat Lakes Filters Air and Liquid Industrial Filtration LABORATORY 2 Thin Layer ChromatographyChromatography: Be a Color Detective Scientific AmericanPaper Chromatography (Procedure) Amrita Online LabChromatography Improved BTEC Applied Science Level 3 Laboratory Filtration & Purification Devices | SartoriusTroubleshooting Thin Layer Chromatography: Some TLC for


Studies of the magnetic penetration depth λab via the μ SR lineshape in the vortex state has revealed a great deal about underdoped cuprate superconductors, including the original confirmation of d-wave superconductivity. However, overdoped cuprates have been neglected, partly due to the difficulty of doping sufficiently to decrease Tc, and partly because the overdoped materials are thought to be "ordinary Fermi liquid" superconductors, about which many presume we already know everything. In the belief that we may not know everything about these materials, the UBC group has set out to grow high quality crystals of Tl2Ba2CuO6+δ (Tl-2201), which can be made very overdoped, to the point of Tc → 0. We have now used μSR lineshape studies to measure λab as a function of T and H for crystal mosaics with Tc's of 72, 60 and 46 K. As expected, λ −2 ab (T = 0) continues to increase with doping beyond optimal doping, but then decreases again with higher doping. We also find a strong dependence on the applied field H. The low-T behavior of λ ab (T ) is again strongly linear, as expected for a d-wave superconductor. Also, preliminary work done on new crystal mosaics with Tc's of 75 and 46 K will be revealed.


An account is given of parasitoids (Hym., Chalcidoidea) reared from Spanish galls of Aulacidea laurae (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae) which develop in achenes of Scorzonera laciniata (Asteraceae). The parasitoid community includes Adontomerus brevicaudatus (Hym., Torymidae) which is described as new. Final instar larva of the new species is also described. The generic placement of A. brevicaudatus and the composition of the parasitoid community are discussed.


A field isolate of hydropericardium syndrome virus, recovered from an outbreak in week-old broiler birds, was adapted to chicken kidney cell culture by successive passaging up to the 10th passage. Two formalinized inactivated vaccines were prepared from the pooled virus harvest of 1Oth passage having a titre 6.5 log10 TCID50/ml3 of which 1 was advuanted with saponin. Both vaccines were found safe and confirmed 100% protection in vaccinated broiler chickens to challenge infection. Indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) showed significant rise in antibody titres in the vaccinated chickens by day 7 post vaccination. However, the vaccine adjuvanted with saponin was more efficacious, as it induced higher antibody titres in vaccinated chickens on different days post vaccination and challenge. The indirect ELISA was also more sensitive than agar gel precipitation test (AGPT) in detecting humoral immune response in vaccinated chicks.


According to the data of Russian and international statistical offices, the rate of congenital malformations is on the rise This rate differs in the regions of one country; for instance, in Russia it ranges from 11,99 per 1,000 children in the Kursk Region and 12,27 in Ryazan to 40,03 in Chuvashia and 43,17 in North Ossetia. The paper gives the results of studying the rate of congenital malformations in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), which have indicated an increase in its morbidity in the Promyshnennyi and Vilyui group of areas versus other areas where the population is mainly employed in agriculture. It also shows the pattern of congenital anomalies in the Republic. The prevalence of congenital malformations affects infant mortality rates and it is one of the major factors of disability in the pediatric population.


Following 1989, major changes occurred in political , social and economic spheres in the Slovak Republi c. a new system of public administration reflecting the ongo i economic and political changes in society start ed to be built in 1990. There were also changes in the territorial and admi nistrative organization of Slovakia. The former the re-level system of national committees was abolished. The re form of public administration resulted in separate state administration and local self-government. Local sel f-government and regional self-government were esta bli hed. The organization of state administration was changed, t oo. Regional and district national committees were abolished and state administration powers were transferred to new ly established district and sub-district offices, l ater to regional offices. Finally, district offices were restored an d regional offices were abolished. Recently, much a ttention has been paid to having efficient and up-to-date system of p ublic administration and to providing adequate serv ices to citizens and private sector by local state governments.


An expansion method based on block-pulse functions is developed to find the numerical solution of two-dimensional linear Volterra and Fredholm integral equations of the first and second kind. The present work is based on introducing a family of operational matrices of integration. Error analysis is worked out that shows efficiency and accuracy of the proposed method. Also, some numerical examples are presented.


We are studying the effects of thermal moisture swing air-cleaning method on removal of suspended particulate matter, SPM. This method continuously humidifies sample air with heating and dehumidifies it by cooling, in a channel. It was experimentally demonstrated that the thermal moisture swing method reduces SPM suspended in sample air. The experimental result showed reduction of SPM above 10 nm in particle size, and the removal ratio increased with intensifying the thermal moisture swing. The SPM removal mechanism of this method was theoretically estimated. The estimation suggests that the reasons for the SPM reduction are suction flow accompanying condensation and thermophoresis. These phenomena would transport SPM to cooling wall of the dehumidifier. Also, diffusional deposition and gravitational sedimentation would transport SPM to the wall of the channel. And, the transported particles are separated from the air with adhering on the wall. We estimated the effects of these phenomena on SPM removal using simple model and energy consumption. The estimation qualitatively agreed with the experimental result.Copyright © 2011 by ASME


Extensive medical evidence supports the native arteriovenous fistula (AVF) as the optimal vascular access for the large majority of hemodialysis patients. Whereas arteriovenous grafts (AVG) and catheters are responsible for the majority of access-related morbidity and deaths, the autogenous arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is the optimal vascular access for long-term hemodialysis. The AVF is associated with a significantly lower rate of complications, hospitalizations, mortality and costs when compared to all other types of "permanent" vascular access. However, in spite of the superiority of the AVF, AVF use in the U.S. has been the lowest when compared to the AVF rates in other developed countries. In addition, it has been a formidable challenge to increase AVF use in this country. To address this significant problem and improvement opportunity, recognizing the importance of providing all suitable hemodialysis candidates with the opportunity to have an AVF where feasible, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) consulted with the ESRD Networks and representatives from the dialysis provider community and then developed and implemented a national project to substantially increase the use of AVFs throughout the United States. The AV Fistula First Breakthrough Initiative (FFBI) was launched in 2003. To develop the Fistula First initiative, a multidisciplinary Work Group was assembled. The FFBI was developed as a broad-based coalition among all ESRD Stakeholders, with working group Task Forces – which are working groups consisting of a cross-section of the ESRD community – dealing with the development of the information base, as well as tools and resources, needed for implementation of recommendations and evidence-based guidelines at the local level in the ESRD community. The Work Group developed a clinical Change Package consisting of 11 specific behavioral or systems changes (the Change Concepts) considered crucial to improving AVF rates, and which have been identified in clinical practice as being successful in optimizing AVF outcomes. In addition, the tools and resources needed to implement each of the concepts in this "Change Package" have been identified and developed, and can be found on the Fistula First website (fistulafirst.org). The Change Package was intended to build on the existing KDOQI practice guidelines, adding evidence-based guidelines and Best Practices identified by the FFBI Work Group. Some examples of the accomplishments and spread strategies of the FFBI in overcoming longstanding barriers to improvement include: development of a website to provide AVF information, resources and tools – and where questions or comments can be directed; ongoing educational meetings, dinners and in-services sponsored by the ESRD Networks throughout the country; frequently published articles in a variety of journals; collaboration with the KDOQI Work Group; educational booths at major nephrology, surgery and interventional conferences; the enlisting of AVF "Champions" in all disciplines to speak locally as well as throughout the country; a soon-to-be released cannulation education and training video with CEU credits, available at no charge; a comprehensive surgery education and training slide and video series, currently available on streaming video on the Fistula First website as well as in a DVD series available through the Networks, also at no charge; an AVF surgery symposium held in different states throughout the year; a robust package of patient educational programs and materials; vessel mapping education and protocols, as well as a new billing code (G-0365) established specifically for re-imbursement for AVF vessel mapping. In addition, each local ESRD Network is available to provide on-site as well as off-site assistance and mentoring – and the members of the Work Group are available to provide their expertise and assistance as well via communication through the website. Initially, the FFBI AVF goal was the same as the initial goal established by KDOQI of 40% in prevalents patients, by year-end 2006. That goal was achieved a year early, and as of December 2006, the percentage of prevalent patients dialyzing via an AVF in the U.S. had increased from 31% to 44%. As a result of this early success, the AVF prevalence goal has been increased to the current FFBI "stretch" goal of 66%, which is supported in the 2006 updated KDOQI Guidelines. The Journal of Vascular Access 2007; 8: 133-190 © Wichtig Editore 2007


Until recently, the education program at the University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point (UWSP) has not been unlike many teacher preparation programs throughout the United States. For example, a recently released report from the National Center for Education Statistics revealed that less than a quarter of new teachers reported feeling well prepared to use technology in their teaching. Additionally, the CEO Forum on Education and Technology concluded that many teachers do not know how to put the new gadgetry to good use. The Forum noted that many college teaching programs are 'failing to train the next wave of teachers adequately.' K. Kay, executive director, observed that "We've got to make sure we have a strategy in place in school to bring teachers up to speed to use this technology and make sure we don't graduate another teacher from a school of education who doesn't know how to use technology in the classroom" (Mendels, P. New York Times, 2/24/99).


This paper is devoted to research of utilization possibility of tailings of quartzite enrichment. It is shown that quartzitic waste of JSC "Dinur" (Pervouralsk city, Russia) is suitable for obtaining the cement flooring composite material. It was found that the quartzitic waste can be recommended as a fine aggregate and/or filler after additional screening. With the introduction of quartzitic dust in the amount of 30 % by weight of cement and with quartzitic waste as a fine aggregate it is possible to obtain the composite material of the class not less B12.5 (compressive) and Вtb 5.2 (flexural), which also meet the requirements of the Russian standard, namely abradability, adhesion strength, etc.


This article reviewes key problems relating to digital library construction from four aspects,and elementary views are brought up with reference to domestic and foreign examples.


The utilization of recycled glass in highway applications has been occurring over the past couple of decades. In recent years, the discovery of several economic and environmental benefits could increase the use of recycled glass in highway construction, making the evaluation of the engineering properties of glass and aggregate mixes necessary. The uses of recycled glass have varied widely, depending on the specific application. Crushed recycled glass, or cullet, has been used independently, and has also been blended with natural stone construction aggregate at different replacement rates. This research provides an evaluation of the potential use of glass cullet when used in combination with natural base course aggregate for roadway construction. This research studied the strength and moisture/density characteristics of different glass and aggregate blends to examine the effects of blending glass cullet into base course aggregate. Two sources of natural aggregate were tested; one being crusher run and very angular in nature and the other being pit-run and rounded in nature. The glass was introduced into the aggregate at replacement rates of 10%, 20%, and 30%. Four different maximum glass cullet sizes were also tested, with maximum sizes ranging from 3/4" to 3/8". The strength of the glass-aggregate blends was evaluated using the AASHTO T190-Resistance R-value Test. Analysis of the data showed that glass cullet mixed with the more angular crusher run aggregate (LAF) performed more consistently than when the cullet was combined with the rounded natural aggregate (STAR) for all sizes and replacement rates. The LAF glass-aggregate blends had average strength values above or slightly lower than the control mix across all replacement rates and maximum cullet sizes. The STAR blends exhibited a decrease in strength as both cullet size and replacement rate increased. The moisture-density relationships were determined in accordance with AASHTO T99-Standard Proctor Test. The maximum size of glass cullet used was shown to be insignificant in determining the optimum moisture content and maximum density of the blends. The replacement rate had a significant effect on both the compaction properties. As the cullet content increased the optimum moisture content increase and the maximum density decreased.


A number of US states have introduced automatic enrollment retirement accounts as a means to raise retirement savings for lower-income households. The presumption is that such households, whose rates of formal retirement saving are low, would benefit from higher saving and higher incomes in retirement. Nevertheless, there has been little explicit analysis of how much lower-income households should save in excess of their social security contributions. There is also little evidence that many current lower-income retirees are unable to maintain their pre-retirement standards of living. To study this issue, this chapter builds a simple model of retirement saving, allowing for the inclusion of social security benefits, different standards of retirement income adequacy, and different assumptions regarding pre- and post-retirement investment returns. Interestingly, low-income retirees express less satisfaction with the adequacy of their retirement incomes than other retirees, but their self-assessed retirement income adequacy has actually increased in recent years. The chapter also shows that, for very low earners, little savings are necessary on top of social security payments.


A problem of solving the ambiguity of terms which appears in fact at any form of working with text data sets: in information search, during analytical processing of text corps, automatic translation, in engineering ontologies and vocabularies, etc. is considered. A context-oriented approach to automated solving of terms ambiguity problem using a linguistic ontology is proposed. Advantages and disadvantages of the approach and main areas and ways of using are considered.


C T g k b a he purpose of this final chapter is to present interesting cases requiring creative or demanding solutions for acropelvic unit (SPU) fixation from several busy spinal reonstruction practices. The pathology represented ranges rom infection, trauma, and degenerative disease to complex pinal deformity and tumor reconstruction. Considering the ide spectrum of pathology, the vast array of instrumentaion available, and the number of possible fixation points in he SPU, it is not surprising that many surgical options are vailable. Although the author's (M.O.B.) predilection is for liac fixation in any situation requiring adjunctive sacropelvic nit fixation beyond S1, it is not always required. Depending n the biomechanics of the reconstruction, the available soft issue coverage, previous surgery, and available bone stock, ones 1, 2, or 3 fixation may be sufficient for a particular case. Inadequate fixation of the SPU can result in nonunion, instruentation failure, and deformity. Therefore, in this biomechanially challenging environment, more instrumentation rather han less may be better as a rule of thumb when considering xation to the SPU. Concerns regarding prominent distal hardare or sacroiliac joint irritation ought not to deter the spinal econstruction surgeon from utilizing this valuable anatomic eal estate to achieve immediate postreconstruction stabilization f the lumbosacral spine. Iliac fixation can always be removed if t is too prominent or if postoperative complaints develop, sugesting sacroiliac joint irritation. In the author's experience