The purpose of this exploratory study is to better understand the mobile phone usage pattern among street vendors in the Dar Es Salaam city. The survey data were collected from 174 mobile street vendors in Dar Es Salaam where stratified and convenience sampling were employed. Data were subjected to detailed exploratory analysis through descriptive procedures, and the reliability analysis was carried out by using Cronbach's alpha. The findings show that, among street vendors, mobile phone is commonly used in social perspectives and little in business specifically for M-money and business communication. Furthermore, the results show low perceived difficulties and high perceived benefits of using mobile phones, meaning that there are opportunities of transforming street vending business using mobile technology. Generally usage is very basic and the true benefits of mobile phone access have not being realized by street vendors.


Observing phenomena and constructing scientific explanations is an essential for a student, as well as for a teacher. This case study was conducted through one-on-one interviews to gain the process of constructing a scientific explanation, an in-depth understanding of the impact of observation and measurement data. The participants of this study were four elementary pre-service teachers who non-science majored. The participants observed footage of the burning process of a candle in an airtight glass container and constructed scientific explanations in the process of verifying the measurement data. The measurement data used in this study were obtained through measurement experiments with Arduino and sensors, which measured changes in temperature, humidity, pressure, oxygen, and carbon dioxide concentrations during the burning of candles. Participants described their thought processes aloud in the process of checking observation and measurement data. Each participant performed the same protocol procedure. Along the way, we were able to identify patterns in the use of observational and measurement data on how scientific explanations are constructed. Through the case analysis of this study, we suggested a model for the construction of scientific explanations in the process of using observational data.


The switching of a power transformer to a source (electric power system) from one side leads to the occurrence of inrush currents. Typical for these currents when all other windings of the transformer are open-circuited is the following: the peak values are higher than the rated currents, the curves are highly unsymmetrical and diminish faster than the short-circuit currents. These characteristics are used by the transformer relay protections to distinguish between the short-circuit currents and the inrush currents.


In five cats the blood flows in the skeletal muscles and the skin were simultaneously recorded with a drop‐counting technique during exposures to halothane or ether. During both halothane and ether exposures, very similar qualitative response patterns were found, viz. arterial hypotension, increased or moderately decreased muscle vascular resistance, markedly decreased skin vascular resistance, decrease in heart rate and a more or less unchanged or slightly increased central venous pressure. The combination of the changes in peripheral resistances in the two tissue regions investigated is not considered to contribute greatly to the rather pronounced arterial hypotension, for which other causative factors are suggested, e.g. a reduction in cardiac output.


Earlier we reported on a tunnel charge transport mechanism in mesoporous silicon with columnar structures under adsorption of plant nematode‐transmitted polyhedral (NEPO) viruses at room temperature. Additional experiments are performed in this paper to establish that this observed tunnel current is connected to a conduction path through virus particles. The plant NEPO viruses have an orbicular shape with a diameter of around 25–30 nm. This size is matched well to the porous size distribution in manufactured samples. The tunnel charge transport in semiconductor structures was not observed on loading protein macromolecules of smaller sizes. A physical mechanism of the observed phenomena can be interpreted to be the result of a shunting effect through virus particles between the two closely located columnar silicon structures. This effect is likely to result from double points at virus adsorption under the condition of matching of pore and virus sizes. The magnitudes of the tunnel barrier heights depend on the type of loaded plant viruses. The investigated columnar structures of mesoporous silicon can be used for research on the electrical properties of different viruses with corresponding sizes in the range of 20–30 nm. The existence of a tunnel current between columnar structures in mesoporous silicon under virus adsorption can be used as a simple method for their detection in the environment.


According to a U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) report, "Prescription drug abuse continues to be the nation's fastest growing drug problem," 2 with more than 4.5 million Americans abusing pain relievers. The National Institute on Drug Abuse reported that approximately 26 million Americans (8 percent of the population) said that they'd used a prescription drug for nonmedical reasons in the prior year. The drugs most commonly abused are opioids and central nervous system depressants (sedatives and tranquilizers) and stimulants (prescribed for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, narcolepsy or obesity). 3


Pre-school children's understanding of the function, structure and form of text belongs to the text consciousness, and the development of text consciousness is an important foundation of the pre-reading and pre-literacy stage, and can also provide the basis for the reading ability of pre-school children later. This paper analyzes the problems of value, concept and way existing in the process of cultivating pre-school children's written consciousness among kindergarten teachers and parents, and puts forward corresponding countermeasures.


A brief introductory survey is given on the history of laser printing. The characteristics of laser printers, their advantages, and their application range are described. The technology, including the operating principle, the preparation of print information by controller hardware and software tools, and the main components of printer hardware for fanfold and cut sheet paper, is outlined. Conclusions on future development are drawn.<<ETX>>


Background: We present a case of bilateral Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) ankylosis due to Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), the first case in our centre and indeed in Nigeria to the best our knowledge. The ankylosis was successfully released by bilateral condylectomy. Methodology: The case records of a 60 year old woman with an inability to open the mouth over a period of 13 years following a previously rheumatoid arthritis of peripheral joints was reviewed. The details of clinical and radiological findings were recorded in addition to the definitive management. Result: Bilateral condylectomy was performed and the ankylosis   released. Vigorous jaw exercised was commenced on her and she had an uneventful post operative stay. She was discharged home with moderate mouth opening. Early mobilization and aggressive physiotherapy was instituted in order to prevent re-ankylosis. She had not experienced relapsed since a year after the procedure. Conclusion: A rare case of bilateral TMJ ankylosis resulting from long standing RA hereby presented, this case was successfully managed by bilateral condylectomy. It is, of paramount importance, that dental health care providers have a proper knowledge of systemic diseases affecting the function of orofacial structures Key Words-TMJ ankylosis, Rheumatoid arthritis, Condylectomy


Construction 3D printing is changing construction industry, but for its immaturity, there are still many problems to be solved. One of the major problems is to study materials for construction 3D printing. Because printed buildings are very different from traditional buildings, there are special requirements for printing materials. Based on environmental and cost considerations, the recycled concrete as printing material is a perfect choice. In order to study and develop the construction 3D printing materials, it is necessary to predict the properties of them. As one of the most effective artificial intelligence algorithms, artificial neural network can deal with multi-parameter and nonlinear problems, and it can provide useful reference to predict the performance of recycled concrete for 3D printing. However, since there are many types and parameters for neural network, it is difficult to select the optimal neural network with excellent prediction performance. In this paper, by comparing different types of neural networks and statistically analyzing the distribution of the root-mean-square error (RMSE) and the coefficient of determination (R2) of these neural networks, we can determine the best performance among four neural networks and finally select the suitable one to predict the performance of 3D printing concrete.


This paper analyzes rudimental actuality and central problem of practical teaching of civil engineering specialty. It introduces reformational experience of civil engineering courses obtained from practical teaching.Finally,this paper puts forward advices to reform.


Fracture toughness evaluation by the Master Curve method using 4-mm-thick miniature compact tension (mini-C(T)) specimens taken from the broken halves of surveillance Charpy specimens has been proposed. In the present study, we performed finite element analysis (FEA) to examine the difference in the constraint effect of the crack tip for differently sized C(T) and precracked Charpy v-notch specimens. The constraint effect of the mini-C(T) specimens in terms of the T-stress and Q-parameter was similar to that of the larger C(T) specimens. In addition, to optimize the fatigue precracking conditions for the mini-C(T) specimen, plastic zone distribution analysis was performed by FEA. Using plastic zone distribution analysis, we demonstrated that a wider machined notch and shorter fatigue precrack length than that in conventional configurations can be applied for narrow and straight notches. We also obtained the fracture toughness data for two kinds of SA533B-1 steels and one weld metal with different sizes in addition to the data obtained in our previous study. It was shown that the reference temperature To obtained from the mini-C(T) specimens was in good agreement with those from other specimens. We compared the fracture toughness data, including the plane strain fracture toughness value obtained by 4T-C(T) specimens, with T41J-based fracture toughness curves proposed in a recent study. Most of the data, including the 4T-C(T) and irradiated specimens, were enveloped by the proposed lower-bound curve.Copyright © 2015 by ASME


The fabrication and characterisation of a monolithically integrated narrowband add-drop multiplexer and DBR laser are reported. Multiplexer bandwidths of 2-3.5 nm have been measured with at Bragg extinction ratio >23dB


An extensive simulation has been carried out to estimate the physical interpretation of dynamical factors such as in terms of high energy interaction features, concentrated in the present analysis on the average transverse momentum. It appears that the large enhancement observed for versus primary energy, suggesting in earliest analysis a significant rise of with energy, is only the result of the limited resolution of the detectors and remains in agreement with a wide range of models used in simulations.


Abstract An approach for evaluating the dominant dynamic characteristics of built-up structures is presented. Based on a division of substructures and couplings into two groups, primary and subordinate, the approach is established by treating the members of the former group as precisely as possible, whereas the descriptions of those in the latter group are simplified substantially. Two generic built-up structures are discussed to illustrate how the approach promotes the understanding of the dynamic behaviour of built-up structures and also to illustrate its application. A corroboration of the applicability is provided from comparisons with the measured response of a shell–beam–plate structure.


Ceres is the largest object in the main belt and it is also the most water-rich body in the inner solar system besides the Earth. The discoveries made by the Dawn Mission revealed that the composition of Ceres includes organic material, with a component of carbon globally present and also a high quantity of localized aliphatic organics in specific areas. The inferred mineralogy of Ceres indicates the long-term activity of a large body of liquid water that produced the alteration minerals discovered on its surface, including ammonia-bearing minerals. To explain the presence of ammonium in the phyllosilicates, Ceres must have accreted organic matter, ammonia, water and carbon present in the protoplanetary formation region. It is conceivable that Ceres may have also processed and transformed its own original organic matter that could have been modified by the pervasive hydrothermal alteration. The coexistence of phyllosilicates, magnetite, carbonates, salts, organics and a high carbon content point to rock–water alteration playing an important role in promoting widespread carbon occurrence.


During the 6-month randomized control trial 80 patients with bronchial asthma (BA) were separated to main (n=40) and control (n=40) groups. Patients of both groups were treated accordingly to GINA-2005. Patients of main group during first 3 month were treated with apparatus KES-01-MIDA (by the method of computer electroacupunture, CEAP; 3 five days every month courses were carried out). It has been shown that the indexes of Internal Breath Function (IBF) were increased as a result of CEAP stimulation


We present an efficient technique that uses bidirectional template matching for gross defect detection in 3D objects. The template matching utilizes computer-aided design models and is carried out on 3D data formed by merging range data collected from multiple known viewpoints. The inspection scheme assumes that the identity of the object is known but that the object's position is unknown, although constrained. A matching technique based on the Hausdorff distance is used to determine the pose of the object. The inspection scheme is tested on real range images of several iron castings.


Abstract A general approach has been developed for on-site identification of the actual configuration (alignment) of multi-bearing rotor systems (e.g., a turbogenerator unit). The identification procedure is based on the monitored trajectories of the relative motion of the journals with respect to the bearings and a non-linear mathematical model of the system considered. The mathematical model includes the dynamic properties of rotors, their foundations and supporting structures as well as the non-linear properties of the oil bearings. Time integration of the non-linear equations of motion along the measured trajectories yields the desired configuration parameters (relative transverse positions of the bearing centres). The derived procedure of identification was verified by means of a computer simulation as well as an experimental investigation on a four-bearing rotor test installation. The results may be used for the diagnosis of vibration problems in rotating machinery as well as the optimization of their vibration response.


A series of long wavelength photosensitizers related to chlorins and bacteriochlorins has been synthesized from the Diels–Alder reaction of protoporphyrin III dimethyl ester 6, or protoporphyrin II dimethyl ester 29. These porphyrins were prepared either by copper(II)-promoted cyclization of the corresponding a,c-biladienes or by following the modified MacDonald dipyrromethane approach. To eliminate the possibility of isomer formation in synthesis of so-called 'benzoporphyrin derivatives' and also to understand structure–activity relationships among various photosensitizers, Diels–Alder reactions were also performed on 13,17-bis(2-methoxycarbonylethyl)-2,3,8,12,18-pentamethyl-7-vinylporphyrin 21 and 3-(1-hydroxyethyl)-13,17-bis(2-methoxycarbonylethyl)-2,7,12,18-tetra-methyl-8-vinylporphyrin 22.


Objectives: This study aims to examine the effect of polyherbal erythropoiesis modulatory and stimulatory agent (EMSA) Eritin administration in modulating the activity of erythropoiesis on TER- 119 + VLA-4 + cells and complement regulators TER-119 cells in the irradiated mice was markedly increased with EMSA Eritin from low dose to high dose compared to mice with TBI and mice treated with Epoetin alfa. Results: The highest dose of EMSA Eritin was more effective to promote erythropoiesis than HEMAPO Epoetin alfa and the other dose of EMSA Eritin. Conclusion: Our study findings suggest that EMSA Eritin is a powerful medicinal herbal supplement which may serve as a protective agent to normalize homeostasis and erythropoiesis after irradiation with a dose of 500 rad.


Using the oil stone mixture ratio as a starting point,the article explains the desig-ning thought of the absorbing layer of asphalt concrete and gives the optimistic oil and stone ratio.Tested by construction projects,the ratio satisfies all production measures.


Computer Science Engineering students require good command over English language to get the right placement after the course. Many fail to get the employment as they are not good at communication. English Grammar plays a vital role in making one to confident in their communication. The present paper focuses on statistical analyses of deviations in English grammar of computer science engineering students in coastal Andhra region. The analyses will help the students to concentrate on their mistakes well as the faculty members to minimize the deviations


Introductory Concepts On the Nature of Stress, J.R. Hubbard and E.A. Workman The Effect of Stress on Organ Systems of the Body Mental Stress and the Cardiovascular System, W.V.R. Vieweg and J.R. Hubbard The Effects of Stress on the Respiratory System, T.G. Sriam and J.J. Silverman Influence of Mental Stress on the Endocrine System, B. Felker and J.R. Hubbard Stress and the Gastrointestinal Tract, K.W. Olden The Effects of Mental and Metabolic Stress on the Female Reproductive System and Female Reproductive Hormones, J.D. Veldhuis, K. Yoshida, and A. Iranmanesh Effect of Stress on Male Reproductive Function, G.E. Lemack, R.G. Uzzo, and D.P. Poppas Stress-Induced Immunodepression in Humans, M.F. La Via and E.A. Workman The Effect of Psychological Stress on Neurological Disorders, S.N. Ghaemi, M.C. Irizarry, and A.B. Joseph Special Medical Topics Related to Stress Medicine Stress and Addiction, S.E. Franco, J.R. Hubbard, and P.R. Martin Associations between Psychosocial Stress and Malignancy, M.J.M. Cohen, E.S. Kunkel, and J.L. Levenson Stress and Immune Function in HIV-1 Disease, M.A. Fletcher, G. Ironson, K. Goodkin, M.H. Antoni, N. Schneiderman, and N.G. Klimas Stress and Dental Pathology, S.W. Hubbard and J.R. Hubbard Pain and Stress, W.B. Hodges and E.A. Workman Stress and Anxiety Disorders, S.S. Falsetti and J.C. Ballenger Other Topics Related to Stress Medicine The Measurement of Stress and Its Effects, E.A. Workman Biochemical Indicators of Stress, J.R. Hubbard, M. Kalimi, and J.P. Liberti Stress in the Workplace: An Overview, J.C. Neunan and J.R. Hubbard The Psychodynamics of Stress, D.J. Scheiderer and J.W. Lomax Basic Components to the Treatment of Stress and Anxiety Disorders Cognitive and Behavioral Methods of Stress Control, A.M. Katz, M.A. Chiglinsky, and J. Parker Pharmacologic Treatment for Anxiety Disorders, D.D. Short Index


sium hydrogen di-p-hydroxybenzoate hydrate (Blinc, Had~i & Novak, 1960) is consistent with the above view. And so is the agreement of the 0 ( 2 ) . . . 0 ( 2 i) bond length with the value of about 2.45 A, tentatively suggested by Coulson (1957, 1959) to be the upper limit for the length of a truly symmetrical OHO bond. The environment of the 0 ( 2 ) . . . 0(2 i) bond is symmetrical and also closely packed; the non-bonded distances H(2)---O(3) of 2 .42A and H(2) . . .C(1) of 2.08 A are shorter than the sum of van der Waals radii. It might be that the resulting strain is sufficient to establish symmetry within the bond itself.


Communications like a breath of human life. Nature as social beings make it will have to interact in order to meet the needs and survival. One of the communication activities performed in daily life practices such as communication in business. In business, the seller would want to attract consumers to buy their products, one example of communication by using a communication persuasion. Communication persuasion is a communication process that aims to influence the thoughts and opinions of others in order to adjust their opinions and desires communicator or a speaker, or a process of communication that invites or induces another person with the aim to change attitudes, beliefs, and opinions as desired speaker. Koprod an example coffee trailer which has the distinction of coffee the other trailer, which is a pioneer coffee Koprod trailer in Bandung. In the business world coffee trailer is also Koprod communication persuasion to promote their products. In doing so, the persuasive communication, Koprod using one of the emerging media used today namely, social media such as Path and Instagram. Study aimed to describe the relationship between the owner of Persuasion Communications with Consumer Purchase Decisions in Koprod. Type of Research is quantitative method with the correlational approach correlational method aims to examine the extent to which variations in the sub variables relating to sub other variables. Relationships are looking for is called correlation. Relationships are sought in this study is, is there a relationship between the owner of persuasion communication with the consumer purchasing decisions in Koprod. Where persuasion communication consists of three processes, namely, the argument messages, signal peripherals, and the involvement of the recipient. And linked to the consumer purchase decision problem recognition, information search, evaluation of alternatives, purchase decision and post-purchase behavior. Research Data were collected through a questionnaire / questionnaire on consumers Koprod of one hundred respondents, interviews with owner koprod as key informants, and literature study that is looking for sources of data from the literature, such as books, journals, etc. Results show that there is a significant relationship between the three processes of persuasion that argument messaging communication, signal receiver peripherals and involvement with various indicators of consumer purchasing decisions in Koprod, where the results obtained researchers based on the results of questionnaires, interviews, and literature study conducted by researchers.


Interviews were conducted with 32 alcoholics, 72 opiate addicts, and 42 alcoholic-opiate addicts, and information was gained about the practices of their families. Alcoholism tended to cluster in families to a significant extent while, in contrast, alcoholism and opiate abuse did not occur in the same families significantly more or less often than expected by chance. Doubt is clearly cast on any unitary concept of addiction-proneness.


Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the dietary quality of food consumed away from home among Korean children and adolescents. Methods: Data were obtained from the 2010~2012 KNHANES (Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey) and included 3,583 subjects aged 7 to 18 years old. The frequency of food consumed away from home was dichotomized into more than once or less than once per day. Results: Thirty percent of subjects were shown to consume food away from home more than once per day, and older children from higher income households showed a higher frequency of food consumed away from home compared to other children. The percentage of children and adolescents cited as regularly skipping breakfast was 19%. Individuals who ate out more than once per day showed higher consumption of energy and sodium than those who ate out less than once per day. Conclusion: Excessive intakes of energy and sodium are associated with obesity, high blood pressure, diabetes, and obesity-related diseases. Thus, there is a need for nutritional intervention and educational efforts to improve child nutrition and prevent obesity.


A dual-function circuit is introduced in this paper. The proposed circuit has characteristics of either a branch-line coupler or a crossover at the same frequency which is switchable with diodes being reverse or forward biased. A 1-GHz prototype has been realized on an RO4003C substrate. The 10 dB bandwidth of measured return loss in a crossover mode is 69%, and the bandwidth with a branch-line coupler behavior is 96%. To the best of authors' knowledge, this is the first time to present a dual-function circuit with switchable crossover/branch-line coupler behavior which could be useful in beam forming technology.


An oxo- and chloro-bridged dinuclear molybdenum(III) ethylenediamine complex, [Mo2(μ-O)(μ-Cl)(en)4]3+, was synthesized by the reaction of [MoCl3(thf)3] with ethylenediamine in DMF. μ-Oxo-μ-alkoxo-bridged dimolybdenum(III) ethylenediamine complexes [Mo2(μ-O)(μ-OMe)(en)4]3+, [Mo2(μ-O)(μ-OEt)(en)4]3+, and [Mo2(μ-O)(μ-OPr)(en)4]3+ were obtained by reactions of the mononuclear complex with ethylenediamine in methanol, ethanol, and propanol, respectively, where each solution contained LiBr. Bridged dimeric structures of these complexes were determined by X-ray crystallography. In an acidic aqueous solution, these oxo-bridged complexes underwent protonation on the bridging oxygen atoms and changes to the corresponding hydroxo-bridged complexes. Cyclic voltammetric measurements (pH 1.0–10.0) of complexes [Mo2(μ-O)(μ-Cl)(en)4]3+, [Mo2(μ-O)(μ-OMe)(en)4]3+, and [Mo2(μ-O)(μ-OEt)(en)4]3+ clearly showed that, accompanied by the oxidation of the complex, the coordinated amine is deprotonated, and the complex becomes a c...


I c a s i E ackground & Aims: Unremitting gastric acid and pepsin ypersecretion causes serious persistent and relapsing esions, but the natural history with medical treatment lone has not been well-defined. The aims of this study ere to heal and prevent relapse of acid/peptic lesions uring acid suppression and to analyze benefits and isks during long-term lansoprazole treatment. Methods: ixty-seven patients (49 with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome ZES], 18 without), with basal acid output (BAO) >15 mol/h or >5 mmol/h if post-antrectomy (n 9, all ES), were treated with individually optimized doses of ansoprazole (7.5–450 mg/day; median, 75 mg/day) to educe BAO to <5 mmol/h or <1 mmol/h post-antrecomy and underwent endoscopy every 3–6 months for p to 13 years (median, 6.25 years). Results: Before reatment, 94% had duodenal ulcer, 64% had esophagiis, 60% had 1 or more bleeding episodes, 13% had erforated ulcers, 90% had pain, 60% had heartburn, nd 40%–48% had diarrhea, vomiting, and/or weight oss. Forty-seven patients (70%) remained symptomnd lesion-free, whereas 13 (20%) had mild, transient elapses, and 7 (10%) had more complicated relapses. verall, symptoms were reduced 90 %; ulcer or esophgitis relapsed in 4.8% of patients/year, unrelated to elicobacter pylori, whereas complications declined to 2%/y. Post-antrectomy ZES patients had 3.6-fold igher relapse rates than unoperated ZES patients (67% s 18%, respectively). With BAO >5 mmol/h in intact atients, relative risk of relapse was 4.1, confidence nterval 2.1–8.1, P < .001. Twenty patients died, 3 as a esult of ZES (2 metastatic gastrinomas). Conclusions: ith individually optimized medical suppression of acid ecretion, 90% of patients had good to excellent longerm outcomes without surgery, with an annualized total elapse rate of <5%.


Autonomous aircraft flight without a human pilot has been attracting increasing attention. One of the most important tasks is that the pilot set the flight plan (including the flight path, airspeed, and amount of fuel installed) by considering all the influencing factors. However, automatically generating an optimum flight plan corresponding to emergencies remains a significant challenge in terms of recognizing the emergency and ensuring safety both on board and on the ground. In this study, we propose a method to optimize the entire flight path while considering the conflicting parameters of economy and safety. Fuel consumption was considered the economic factor, while the comparison between the flyable distance in the loss of thrust emergency and the distance to the runways was considered the safety factor. A dynamic planning method was applied to simultaneously optimize the conflicting parameters. In the experiment, we confirmed the effectiveness of the proposed method by applying it to the Haneda-Naha route by setting different weight coefficients for the two factors. The most economical flight path obtained was very close to the shortest path (i.e., the global circle route), and the safest path was obtained close to the coastline. This relationship shows that the optimal flight path can be selected based on the considered conditions.


The paper investigates a specific type of genre, descriptions of linguistic books in Internet catalogues of three Czech and three Anglophone publishers. It strives to capture their structural organization and some other characteristics that could bring into relief differences between the Czech and the English discourse strategies of their composition. Using a two-level analytical framework to identify the structural parts of the descriptions and the meaning components that realize them, the study finds certain tendencies that to some extent distinguish between them. Still, the English descriptions and even less so the Czech ones are far from homogeneous and striking dissimilarities can be found both between and within the Anglophone and the Czech publishers.


This work is devoted to the paleographic and source-study description of the Cyrillic Old Believer manuscript collection of the XIX century, stored in the collection of A.G. Berman. The compiler of the collection named it "Katolokh". The presence of Soviet documents inside the collection, used by former owners of the handwritten monument, enables us to determine that it comes from Semenovsky uyezd of Nizhny Novgorod governorate, which has long been known for Old Believers' small monasteries.

An important dating element that makes it possible to determine the time of the manuscript creation are the paper blocks used. The stamps on the paper of the collection under study enable to establish the chronological framework of paper production in 1868–1874. A more accurate dating was made due to the presence of financial and accounting documentation woven into the collection.

Upon a detailed study of the entire collection under study, it was revealed that the accounting documents presented in the collection relate to the period of economic activity of Nizhny Novgorod Old Believers-salt merchants, who introduced trade with one of the major salt suppliers to the market of the Russian Empire – Countess Varvara Petrovna Shakhovskaya-Shuvalova-Polye, Princess Butero-Rodali (1796–1870).

The collection includes excerpts from theological works, monuments of the canon law, works of the Old Russian literature, Old Believers' writings of the XVII – XIX centuries. The content of "Katolokh" is divided into several thematic blocks, in accordance with the ideological tasks that the compiler solved.

Based on paleographic, textual and historical analysis, it is concluded that the collection called "Katolokh" was created at the very end of the 60s – the first half of the 70s of the XIX century in the midst of the Old Believers who did not reject the priesthood. It is very likely that these Old Believers had close ties between the co-religionists of Perm and Nizhny Novgorod governorates. The collection reflects the state of external and internal Old Believers polemics, when dogmatic differences with the Bespopovtsy were already fully realized, but the positions between the Belokrinitsky hierarchy, the chapel and Beglopoptsy agreement on the issue of receiving clergy from the New Believer church did not completely diverge yet and were in a state of acute controversy and discussion.


Abstract Functionalization with C1‐building blocks are key synthetic methods in organic synthesis. The low reactivity of the most abundant C1‐molecule, carbon dioxide, makes alternative carboxylation reactions with CO2‐surrogates especially important. We report a photoredox‐catalyzed protocol for alkene carbamoylations. Readily accessible 4‐carboxamido‐Hantzsch esters serve as convenient starting materials that generate carbamoyl radicals upon visible light‐mediated single‐electron transfer. Addition to various alkenes proceeded with high levels of regio‐ and chemoselectivity.


The bacterial, viral, or fungal plant diseases are still taking a heavier toll on food production in developing countries like India. India loses, almost, 35% of the annual crop yield due to plant diseases. Early detection of plant diseases remains difficult due to the lack of lab infrastructure and expertise. Though in the past three decades, there have been marked improvements in agricultural production with the aid of disease-resistant methods to pause the significant reduction in both the quantity and quality of needed items.The major focus of this work is to identify the mango crop health issues at an earlier stage so that the diseases can be recognized using the Intuitionistic fuzzy set (IFS) approach over traditional segmentation techniques.The IFS method is used to compare with conventional segmentation techniques such as K-means clustering, Otsu's thresholding, region growing, and Felzenswalb segmentation to achieve the best results in the segmentation of the diseased area on the crop.As the Intuitionistic fuzzy logic allows a certain amount of incomplete information, the imprecision in the grey level definitions of UAV crop images can be accounted for in defining the delicacy of boundaries of disease-affected areas. Initially, all the experimental UAV images are pre-processed and segmented by using four types of segmentation techniques.The experimental results were obtained by the conventional segmentation techniques and intuitionistic fuzzy set approach as well. The experimental result shows the best visible strained region (around 95-98% affected area) from UAV captured field-area images along with statistical comparing parameters.This also infers the strength of IFS to handle disease complications in the crop which can further help farmers of India to increase their yield production.


Effects of electric field annealing on plastic strain ratio(r value)of IF(interstitial free)deep drawing steel sheet were studied by mean of tensile test.The results show that electric field annealing improved the average plastic strain ratio((?) value).This is due to that the electric field annealing reinforced theγ-fiber texture({111}〈uvw〉) and weakened theα-fiber texture({hkl}〈110〉) that deteriorated the plastic strain ratio.


metaphoric implication of cancer not as a deformed utopia but rather as the possibility of something new after the demise; in other words, it produces a utopian surplus. Two aspects in general impress me about the essays in this anthology. First, the sophisticated theoretical apparatus of many contributions brings into play predictable names, often cited by Müller himself in his interviews and essays. They include Hegel, Marx, and Engels (but not Lenin), Ernst Bloch and Benjamin (but rarely Adorno), Freud and Bataille, Derrida and Jean-Luc Nancy (but not Agamben), Carl Schmitt and Jacques Rancière (but not Ernst Jünger). The grid traced by these references situates Müller within a philosophical discourse of progress and loss that dogged the entire twentieth century. The attention to unresolvable contradictions, paradoxes, and inversions in Müller texts is balanced by the authors' insistence on grounding their interpretations in Müller's theatrical practice. The contested relation between renewal and resignation, which most of the essays explicate, suggests how work in the theater itself is situated at the intersection of utopia and art. This awakened in me the nostalgia of wishing that Müller were still around to comment on our current conundrum. Second, I appreciated the attention to Müller's language in almost every one of the contributions, especially the fine-grained analyses of his dense metaphors, symbols, and motifs. Beyond "Kälte" and "Krebs" mentioned above, these range from Raddatz's comments on "Stiefel" as a symbol of violence, Stobbe's remarks on "Schiffbruch" and the ubiquity of wind as a metaphor for the promise of transformation, Müller-Schöll's emphasis on Rome as Müller's code for the modern state (and its catastrophes), Ludwig's focus on his Christian iconography, especially the stations of the cross, and Florence Baillet's analysis of not seeing ("Blinzeln") as the very practice of art and its sensual method. The essays assembled here demand some familiarity both with Müller's œuvre and the existing scholarship. They are a welcome addition to the discussion of an important dramatist's ongoing relevance in the German theater.


To manage the tree patrimony of public spaces, qualified information on the importance of trees must be provided. We evaluated phytosociological description procedures applied to dimensionally different gardens, testing the importance of the crown area and the overall quality of the trees. We observed changes in the importance of the species, according to the method tested. The best method for phytosociological analysis of public green areas was the one that determined the cover value of the species from the dominance parameter, described by the crown area, and from the performance index of the species, in detriment of density parameter that is traditionally used.


The machining process exhibits piecewise behaviour and cannot be linearly extrapolated in a wide range. It cannot be modelled effectively using theories and equations. Thus, expert systems have emerged as a major tool for decision-making in such complicated situations (Singh & Raman, 1992). The conventional method for selecting machining parameters such as cutting speed and feed rate is based on data from machining hand books and/ or on the experience and knowledge of the operator or CNC programmer. The parameters chosen in most cases are extremely conservative to protect overmatching errors from tool failures such as deflection, wear, breakage, etc. Accordingly, the metal removal rate is low due to the use of such conservative machining parameters (Park & Kim, 1998). Guidelines on machinability data selection is normally made on the basis of the manufacturer's machinability hand book (Hashmi et al., 2003). Using machining data handbook for the choice of cutting conditions for material hardness that lies in the middle of a group is simple and straight forward. But there exists a degree of vagueness in boundary cases, where two choices of cutting speeds are applicable for one choice of material hardness. In this situation, the skilled operator makes a decision on the appropriate cutting speed, based on his experience. However, this method of data selection by individual operators is not very desirable, because it may vary from operator to operator. Therefore, it is desirable to have an operator independent data selection system for choosing machining operation (Hashmi et al., 1998). While the output variables of the machining process depend on the cutting conditions, the decision concerning the selection of the cutting parameters have an important influence on the extent, cost and quality of the production. Due to the increased use of CNC machines and severe competition between the makers, the importance of precise optimization cutting conditions has increased (Cus & Zuperl, 2006).


Impulsive-type noise generated in household refrigerators due to stick-slip phenomena along with thermoeleastic characteristics are investigated. As a noise reduction countermeasure, a design technnique employing Taguchi methods is proposed. Due to its phenomenological and thermoelastic characteristics, impulse noise in household refrigerator is also referred to as contraction-expansion noise. In order to investigate the source of impulse noise, measurements of the sound pressure levels (and their distribution) generated by the refrigerator under consideration are made in an anechoic chamber. Measurement results indicate that the impulse noise is irregularly generated from the inner parts of the refrigerator, such as shelves and baskets, and most of the noise is from the inner parts in the freezing space. Noise generation factors are also investigated through experiments regarding friction among materials used in the refrigerators. In light of investigations, a design method to reduce the impulse noise with Taguchi techniques is proposed and the overall performance is evaluated. Furthermore, it is noted that the design method is shown to be a viable solution to the design of household refrigerators for friction-induced noise produced mainly by the thermoelastic phenomena.


A Molecular-scale Programmable Stochastic Process Based On Resonance Energy Transfer Networks: Modeling And Applications by Siyang Wang Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Duke University Date:_______________________ Approved: ___________________________ [Alvin R. Lebeck], Supervisor ___________________________ [Hisham Z. Massoud] ___________________________ [Loren W. Nolte] ___________________________ [Galen Reeves] An abstract of a dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering in the Graduate School of Duke University 2016 Copyright by Siyang Wang 2016


Between 1963 and 1965, the first seven Soviet Russian–bred Arabians arrived in the US. Only one of these horses—the well-known Naborr—was accepted for registration at that time by the Arabian Horse Club Registry of America (AHCRA). The remainder were denied registration for various reasons, stated and unstated, including issues with their paperwork, questions about the "purity" of their bloodlines, and the trustworthiness of Russians. In 1978, the AHCRA finally lifted the ban. This paper examines how changing attitudes toward Russia influenced Americans' views of Russian Arabians, culminating in a Russian-bred stallion being named 1980 US and Canadian National Champion Stallion.


Dupilumab is the first biologic registered for the treatment of moderate‐to‐severe atopic dermatitis (AD), and efficacy was shown in phase III clinical trials (primary outcome at week 16 was reached in 38% of patients). Currently, there are limited daily practice data available for dupilumab, especially when it is combined with systemic immunosuppressants.


The stability period for post-closure dump and landfill sites in Malaysia is of least concern among scholars and policy makers. The current policy to manage these sites are based on the conventional practices by the local authorities and agencies which do not take into account the sustainability or how environmentally friendly these practices are. The aims of this paper are to identify the most suitable forecasting method for time series data of CO2 emission, to conduct simulation exercise to indicate the stability period of sanitary landfill by using the CO2 emission, and to examine the current policy for the post-closure landfill sites and its current practice in the country. Datasets were obtained from literature and simulation was conducted for the Air Hitam Sanitary Landfill, Puchong, Selangor. The results indicate that the Double Exponential Smoothing is the most suitable forecasting method and another 120 years are required for the gas emission to reach stability, which is in September 2127. The current policy on post-closure dump and landfill sites in Malaysia are explored and other potential options are also discussed.


—Pesticides are omnipresent in foods and drinks and their toxic effects are becoming evident, as well as their correlation with many diseases. Pesticides intoxication estimation could lead to lifestyle modification before certain disease symptoms occurrence. User centered application for pesticides blood and tissues concentration is proposed in this document, based on location, profession, mean food consumption and personal lifestyle indications. Three different mathematical PBPK models are used to create such system and parametrized from user personal data. User blood and tissues concentration of organophosphates per day or per year are speculated and indicated to the user.


old-numbered questions only at the back of the book. There are more worked examples and the text is embellished by many excellent diagrams, particularly good are the 3-D diagrams. The book also includes regular references to software which is relevant to the topic under consideration and although it is specifically for the Apple II there would be little difficulty in finding relevant programs for other machines. The book is large and heavy and the softback edition I had will need careful handling. It is a good book of its type and it would be useful as a source book for teachers of advanced mathematics and scholarship mathematics in school and it would prove helpful to first year mathematics undergraduates.


Objective To research the distant signals energy attenuation in multi objects detection of ultra-wide band(UWB) life detection radar to perform amplitude compensation for the distant signals. Methods The signals in the scenario that had two stationary human targets with different distances from the radar were collected by single channel UWB radar.SNR and information entropy methods were performed to compensate the energy attenuation of the distant signals. The compensation effects of these two methods were compared. Results The experimental results demonstrated that these two methods could effectively strengthen the amplitude of the distant signals, identify two stationary human targets accurately and reduce the misdetection rate. Conclusion The two methods can both improve the detection capability of the radar for distant human targets. Information entropy method is better than SNR method in compensation effect, which enhances the accuracies of detection, identification and location for multi-targets by life detection radar.


Most business-to-business (B2B) auctions are used to transact large quantities of homogeneous goods, and therefore use multiunit mechanisms. In the B2B context, bidders often have increasing returns to scale, or synergies. We compare two commonly used auction formats for selling multiple homogeneous objects, both sometimes called "Dutch" auctions, in a set of value environments that include synergies and potentially subject bidders to the "exposure" and "free-riding" problems. We find that the descending-price auction, best known for its use in the Dutch flower auctions, is robust and performs well in a variety of environments, although there are some situations in which the ascending uniform-price auction similar to the one used by eBay better avoids the free-riding problem. We discuss the factors that influence each mechanism's performance in terms of the overall efficiency, the informational requirements, the seller's revenue, and the buyer's profit.


In today's human life scenario both water and electricity are costly and scarce in supply. In the irrigation system, frequent watering of plants is needed based on the requirement. Sufficient watering is to be done to the plants for good growth of plants in the irrigation. The frequent monitoring of soil status is needed for good yield in the fields. The proposed model of Solar Powered Automatic watering system consists of Soil Moisture sensor which senses the Soil moisture condition, A Solar Powered Electric Motor which makes the water pump to pump the water and an Embedded Controller is used to achieve the automatic watering operation to the plants. The moisture in the soil is sensed and based on which the motor operation takes place. Working status of the electric motor is monitored using Bluetooth Connectivity and LCD display. This system is environment- friendly and cost effective.


Molecular dynamics simulation is performed to study the vacancy-interstitial annihilation in crystalline silicon.We choose the Stillinger-Weber(SW) potential,which is commonly used for silicon,to describe the interaction between atoms. The simulation is calculated by Verlet algorithm and programmed through C++ in the environment of VC++.The result shows that 111 is the preferred combination direction and there exists an energy barrier in the motion,the value of which is between 0.5eV and 1.2eV.


This paper presents the results of a study investigating the influences of cultures on communication media choice within a multinational organization (MNO). A questionnaire was used to collect data from 121 respondents of a multinational organization across four countries; Australia, Korea, Thailand, and Malaysia. Cultural level difference was found to influence perception of media richness, task equivocality and media preference. However, cultural differences did not explain relationships between the cultural individualism/collectivism dimensions and media choice constructs. Cultural group variable indicated that cultural group was a much more powerful predictor than individuallevel cultural dimension for media choice behavior within MNO. The implications of the results for further research and practice were discussed.


Aim: Gender differences in perceptions of the severity and prevalence of anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN) were examined in young men (n = 113) and women (n = 289) recruited from a regional university campus in north‐east Australia.


A modelling method for the vibration analysis of rotating cantilever plates with a concentrated mass is presented. The equations of motion for the rotating plates with a concentrated mass located in an arbitrary position are derived and transformed into a dimensionless form. For the mathematical modelling of the concentrated mass. a mass density Dirac delta function is used. The effects of concentrated mass and its location. angular speed. plate aspect ratio. and hub radius of the rotating plate on the natural frequencies are studied. Particularly. mode shape variations due to some parameter variations are investigated.


A simplified procedure for preparing alkene iodohydrins has been developed utilizing olefin diiodide, aqueous acetone, and hydrogen peroxide. It was learned in this work that, contrary to general information in the literature, lower alkenes and iodine react quickly and essentially completely in a liquid phase at room temperature to give the diiodide.


The method of the borrower class reliability determination is developed concerning to the clients of the small and middle business. The basic stages and indexes which characterize the application of this method is certain


The present invention relates to a method for passive neutron spectrum measured by using a detector and the cumulative dose, the method uses the measurement of radiation dose neutron moderator field probe, while processing the data, based on neutrons incident on the respective detector experienced moderator different radio access distances calculated neutron energy, then the count measured by the detector into respective neutron fluence accumulation, using software solutions spectrum obtained actual fluence incident neutron energy spectrum, depending on the incident neutron last The actual accumulated dose fluence neutron spectrum calculation. Measuring method of the present method does not require measurement of the power supply, adaptable to the environment, low cost, easy to use, while using energy information acquisition method of the present invention is capable of neutrons, uncertainty of measurement results is much better conventional passive neutron measurement method will be widely used in neutron dose monitoring of nuclear emergency and the environment.


The absolute rate constants for the reaction of different aryl radicals with 2-naphthoxide anion were determined using an indirect method, a competition of the coupling reaction with the H-atom abstraction. We here show that the radical-ambident nucleophile reactions are sensitive to steric hindrance. A lower reactivity is found for 2-anisyl radical with respect to 4-anisyl and for 2-methoxy-1-naphthyl radical with respect to 1-naphthyl (k2b < k2a and k2d < k2c). The ortho substitution to the radical centre decreases the rate constant. The reactivity is in agreement with energy barriers determined by theoretical calculations.


The existence of a unique n × n matrix spectral function is shown for a selfadjoint operator A in a Hilbert space L2α(m). This Hilbert space is a subspace of the product of spaces L2(mi) with measures m1, i = 1, n, having support in [0,∞]. The inner product in L2α (m) is the weighted sum of the inner products in the L2(mi), i.e., (f, g)m,α=∑αi(fi,gi)mi,f=(f1,…fn), g=(g1,…gn)∈Lα2(m), with positive constants αi = 1, …, n. The operator A is given by (A f)i = −Dmi Dx+ f, with generalized second order derivatives Dmi D+x. The elements of the domain of A have continuous representatives satisfying f1(0) fj(0), i, j = 1, n, and an additional gluing condition at 0.


The essence of the agriculture crisis is the agriculture ecological crisis which is brought about by the imbalance of distributing agriculture ecological elements.The imbalance between regions and the imbalance between generations are two forms of the imbalance.The distributing of agriculture ecological elements between different regions is run in way of trading.Human often do something of agriculture driven by the benefits principles and make the imbalance of agriculture ecological elements distributing between import and export.The way in which contemporary people use agriculture ecological elements for their own interests will reduce the quantity and damage the quality of ecological elements that the future generations will own.It is the imbalance of agriculture ecological elements distributing that caused the unsustainable development of agriculture.For this reason,the key of eliminating agriculture crisis is to solve agriculture ecological crisis and to change the unreasonable distributing of agriculture ecological elements.


The CIE has recommended a method for calculating colour rendering index from the spectral power distribution of a light source. Any error in the power distribution assumed will lead to an error in the colour rendering index. The results of a series of measurements on fluorescent lamps made in a number of laboratories are reported and the significance of the differences in the colour rendering indices obtained is discussed.


Background: As fears of the corona virus pandemic (also known as the COVID-19 Pandemic) continue to spread around the world, Boma's global network hosted an unprecedented online summit on the 23rd and 24th of March 2020, to discuss the early lessons learnt about this pandemic with regards to education and explore specific plans of action to address it. The summit inspired this study and its major findings show that COVID-19 has necessitated drastic changes in the education system.


Section 1332 of Title I of the Affordable Care Act offers to state govern- ments the ability to waive significant portions of the ACA, including requirements related to qualified health plans, health benefit exchanges, costsharing, and refundable tax credits. It permits state governments to obtain funding that otherwise would have gone to residents and businesses through the ACA and to use those funds to establish, beginningin2017,analternativehealthreformframeworkwithinstatutorylimitations. Section 1332 also permits states to apply in a coordinated fashion for waivers from Medicare, Medicaid, the Children's Health Insurance Program, and ''any other federal law relating to the provision of health care items or services.'' This article reviews the statutoryprovisions and related regulations of this new and unprecedented statewaiver authority,aswellasthelegislativehistoryofsection1332.Finally,itreviewsthelimited activities thus far by states contemplating use of this provision and considers ways this authority may be considered for use by states in the future. Section 1332 has the potential to instigate a new, varied, and unprecedented array of state health sector innovations from both sides of the political divide over health care reform. Overtime,theAffordable Care Act(ACA)will be knownformanythings. The law includes a treasure chest of policy innovations, most of them unknown anduncelebratedbeyondsmall circles that paycloseattention to theirrespectivearenas.Thusfar,theACAhasnotbeenknownasastimulus for state health policy innovation. That reputation is undeserved as we see, for example, the federal Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) approve new and unorthodox waivers to states such as Arkansas, Iowa, and Michigan to draw these otherwise recalcitrant states into the ACA's Medicaid expansion orbit. Arguably, the law's biggest impact on state innovation will be section 1332 in Title I, the ''Waiver for State


1. Frame (1) of the vehicle, provided with absorption means of a frontal impact, comprising two longitudinal member (3) mounted on the front portion (1a) of the frame (1) and located on either side of the frame (1), a front crossmember (4) installed under the floor (7) of the vehicle cabin and contacting the transmission tunnel (5) arranged on the central axis and extending from the front transverse beam (4) to the rear portion (1e) of the frame (1), characterized in that each longeron (3 ) has an end (32) mounted in a front abutment position n operechnuyu beam (4) .2. Frame (1) according to Claim. 1, in which the absorption of a frontal impact means further comprises two brackets (12), each of which is arranged between the spar (3) and the front transverse beam (4), wherein the size of each corner (12) defined as that its end (12e) is located opposite to the transmission tunnel (5) and the surface (12 g) is inclined between the front spar (3), with which it is associated, and the front transverse beam (4) .3. Frame (1) according to Claim. 1, comprising two protective panel (6) mounted on each side of the frame (1), and absorption of frontal impact means further comprises two side crossbeams (14), each of which is installed between the spar (3) and a protective panel (6) at the height of the front transverse beam (4) .4. Frame (1) according to claim. 3, wherein each lateral crossbeam (14) has a rearward inclined shape from the protective panel (6) forming an obtuse angle between the side member (3) and side crossbeam (14) .5. Frame (1) according to claim. 2, in which the front transverse beam (4), the spars (3) and the corners (12) connected by welds (11).


Multiple-Input Multiple-Output Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (MIMO-NOMA) is considered a promising multiple access technology in fifth generation (5G) networks, which can improve system capacity and spectral efficiency. In this paper, we proposed two methods of user grouping and proposed a dynamic power allocation solution for MIMO-NOMA system. Then we proposed an algorithm to maximize energy harvest for MIMO-NOMA system by integrating Simultaneous Wireless Information and Power Transfer (SWIPT), known as maximizing energy harvesting. Specifically, we added a power splitter at the receiver and found the optimal power splitting factor for each user. The harvested power of the user is maximized under the premise of satisfying the minimum communication rate. The simulation results show that the proposed method is effective.


Mechanical, dynamic mechanical, and electrical conductivity of conductive carbon black-filled ethylene–vinyl acetate (EVA; 28% VA) composites were investigated. The above-mentioned properties were also measured when carbon black was treated with nitric acid before addition to the EVA matrix. It was found that acid-treated carbon black exhibits a higher filler–polymer interaction and this was reflected in the improvement of the mechanical properties and the modification of electrical conductivity of these composites, especially when measured against the temperature. The effect of curing of the polymer matrix on the mechanical properties and electrical conductivity was also investigated. It was found that the introduction of crosslinks in the polymer matrix improves its mechanical properties as well as the thermal stability of its electrical conductivity. The electrical conductivity of ethylene propylene diene (EPDM) and an EVA–EPDM (50/50) blend filled with carbon black were also studied for comparison. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 90: 2073–2082, 2003


The article presents a root-mean-square (RMS) to direct current (DC) converter based on an externally-linear-internally-nonlinear (ELIN) filter. The filter contains averaging filter and two nonlinear blocks. The prototype of the RMS-to-DC converter with 3rd order ELIN filter shows an improved dynamic range in comparison to a classic log-antilog converter as its error is lower at lower amplitudes of the input voltage.


In the 90S,the vanguard theatre overthrew and repudiated the tradition by a rebel and vanward gesture,and made a bold new trial from concept to the stage presents.This article will formulate the probe and test on the stage performance and means of drama expression of the vanguard theatre.


Quick Detection System (QDS) is a software package designed to detect interesting point sources (for example, active galactic nuclei, AGNs) in the time-ord ered datastream of the Planck satellite within approximately one week from the time of the observati on. AGNs are rapidly variable, in the timescale of a few days to a few weeks, and any significant e vent must be investigated without delay. This article presents the status of the software as an overvi ew of the program features as well as a more detailed look at the data processing steps. This artic le is an adaptation of the poster which was presented at the Planck Consortium meeting in Ischia 17– 20 April 2006.


The idea that intestinal movements have an influence on venous blood flow was first experimented by Mall (1896). He observed that intestinal contractions of a dog caused a rise of 5-10 mm. Hg in portal venous pressure (6) . Usadel (1926) stated that during increased intestinal movements, the portal venous pressure rose from 11.7 cm. H2O to 18.8 cm. H2O, while the volume of portal blood flow increased from 1 cc. to 3.3 cc. per second (8). Ludwig (8) aud Yokota (10) have also considered the intestinal movements to be an important accelerator of the portal blood flow. However, when the above results are examined , it is found that the rise of portal venous pressure is usually accompanied by a rise of general blood pressure (Mall: fig. 6 (6), Usadel: fig. 8 and 9 (8)). Thus the question arises what the changes in portal venous pressure would be when observed unaccompanied by this rise in general blood pressure. We observed in many cases a decrease in portal venous pressure during contractions of the intestine . Golwitzer-Meier also seemed to disagree with the results of Mall and others (5) . Therefore, the next experiments were made to determine the relationship between intestinal movements and portal blood flow.


In the present work, a novel combination method of in-line monitoring and offline non-destructive evaluation was developed for the detection and monitoring of defects in additively manufactured specimen. The new methodology includes Infrared Thermography, Acoustic Emission and Micro-computerised Tomography to allow for the detection of anomalies during the printing process and the verification of their presence after the printing process without the need for destructive testing. It was found that the in-line monitoring can provide information on the efficacy of the printing process which is substantiated by the offline assessment.


Hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA was evaluated in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from 50 individuals utilising Southern hybridisation analysis. HBV DNA sequences were detected in PBMC from 16/29 (55 percent) of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) carriers with serum HBeAg and HBV DNA, compared with 1/8 (13%) of carriers with anti‐HBe and HBV DNA negative (P = NS). Two of 7 patients with previous HBV infection and chronic liver disease had detectable HBV DNA in PBMC. Of the 19 patients with HBV DNA in PBMC, 18 had high molecular weight species. In addition, five of these had free, monomeric HBV DNA and six patients had low molecular weight bands. For nine of the above patients, total peripheral blood leucocytes were separated into PBMC and polymorphonuclear cells. Four had HBV DNA in PBMC only, two only in polymorphonuclear cells and three in both types of cell. Eleven patients with chronic HBV infection were studied at monthly intervals for 6 months. Six were untreated and five received IFN‐alpha. Three patients who responded to IFN‐a had HBV DNA present in PBMC before therapy, and two became negative. Two of 3 untreated patients had intermittent HBV DNA in PBMC and the other remained persistently negative. Of the patients positive on more than one occasion, the pattern of HBV DNA was similar. Peripheral blood leucocytes often contain multimers of free HBV DNA, more commonly in patients with serum HBeAg and HBV DNA and may occur even in the absence of serum HBsAg. These findings have implications for recurrence of disease after hepatic transplantation. HBV DNA in PBMC is detected intermittently over time and IFN‐α therapy may be associated with eradication. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


Cloud computing and cloud storage are becoming an attractive option for businesses and governmental organizations in need of scalable and reliable infrastructures. Cloud providers, e.g., Amazon or Google, have substantial expertise and resources, allowing them to rent their services at very competitive prices. Cloud users are drawn by the ability to pay for only what they need, but maintain the ability to scale up if requirements change. Users can now take advantage of highly reliable storage solutions without investing large amounts of money for data centers upfront. Unfortunately, there is a significant downside to storing data in the cloud. Cloud providers cannot always be fully trusted and may not treat sensitive user data very carefully. Seeing news of high-profile hacking incidents involving data theft has become commonplace [8, 18]. Encryption of data at rest provides a partial solution to this problem, but it is not sufficient. Even if the cloud cannot read the encrypted data, it may be able to learn valuable information based on when and how often users access their data. We call this information the user's "access pattern". As a motivating example, consider a hospital that outsources patient records to the cloud in order to save on replication and IT costs. If the cloud server sees that, e.g., an oncologist accesses a patient's data, they can learn with some degree of certainty that this patient has cancer. An adversary could slowly aggregate information on data accesses to learn potentially important secrets. As it is generally difficult to quantify what external knowledge adversaries may have and what inferences they could make, it is important to hide a user's access pattern as well as the data being accessed. There are traditionally two ways to hide a user's access pattern: Oblivious RAM (ORAM) [7] and Private Information Retrieval (PIR) [9]. The traditional approach taken by ORAM is to arrange the data in such a way that the user never touches the same piece twice, without an intermediate "shuffle" which erases the correlation between block locations. ORAMs have historically featured low amortized communication complexity and did not require any computation on the server, but occasionally the user was required to download and reshuffle the entire database. This could become impractical in cloud scenarios, especially if the user is a low-powered or communicationconstrained device. Private Information Retrieval, in contrast with ORAM, hides the target of each individual query, independent of all previous queries. This can be accomplished, for example, by using a homomorphic encryption which the server uses to operate over the entire database, selecting out the block of data that the user has requested. The user generates encrypted requests and sends them to the server. Since PIR does not try to hide a sequence of accesses, but each access individually, the


A fennec fox (Vulpes zerda) was presented with 10/10 lameness of the right forelimb. Radiographs showed transverse fractures of the radius and ulna. Surgical repair was carried out using an intramedullary pin in the ulna and an external fixator in the radius. Implants were removed after radiographs demonstrated sufficient healing at five weeks postsurgery and the patient remains clinically well with complete limb function one year later.


Purpose This study was conducted to verify that the cervical deep muscle flexion exercises (CDFE) benefit on stability in the neck so that the patients would have less pain and better cervical function. Methods The subjects in this study were assigned into an experimental group (EG) of 16 subjects and a control group (CG) of 16 subjects. The CDFE and stretching exercise (SE) were applied to the EG and CG, respectively. And, visual assessment scale (VAS) for pain and neck disability index (NDI) for cervical function were used to assess the subjects before and after the intervention. The subjects performed the exercises 3 times a week for 4 weeks. Results There was a significant difference in variations of cervical pain in between the EG and CG from 25.16 ± 13.29 to 6.38 ± 8.14 mm. There was a significant difference in variations of neck functional disability in between the EG and CG from 4.94 ± 2.17 to 0.25 ± 1.73 point. Conclusion The subjects performed the CDFE for 4 weeks were able to correct the spine alignment and strengthen the muscles around the cervical region, which was able to reduce stress on the neck so that cervical pain was reduced and the neck functional ability was increased.


The essay ellastrates the Party's leading role in variovefields of contempoary China in the new ristorical period and lays emphasis upon the importarce of "the Three Representatives" by comrade Jiang Zemin and their guidauce to the Party's conetraction.


Realization of the control programs for controlling of the numerically controlled (NC) manufacturing machines is very important in manufacturing practice in this time. Manufacturing process of the parts with complex and free form figures is realized by NC manufacturing machines application. It is very difficult without application of personal computers with special software. Very often this software can be Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAM) system. These programs for control of NC manufacturing machines can be realised by other methods, too. In paper is presented new method of NC programs preparation by Group Technology theory application.


Summary of 5 years were examined. The methodology of this study will be described elsewhere. The role of the care groups in getting people to vaccination points was also analysed. An immunisation programme in a rural area of southern Africa is analysed. The combination of fixed and mobile immunisation points is discussed with reference to staffing levels, patient convenience, vac cine haridling, costs and efficiency. A system of community involvement in the programme is noted, and the effectiveness of the programme is assessed. Mobile immunisation teams to complement fixed clinic services, and active community involvement are suggested for immunisation programmes in rural areas. Methods An effective immunisation programme can significantly reduce infant mortality and disability in developing communities. I This analysis of a vaccination programme in Venda aims to assess the strengths and weaknesses of the methods used to deliver the vaccine to the people and to bring the people to the vaccine. Venda lies in the far north-eastern corner of South Africa. It has a population of approximately 500000 people. The area is divided into three health wards, each serving J 50000 to 200000 people. A high proportion of the population live in rural, often remote villages. Care groups, consisting of volunteer health workers, exist in over half the villages. 2 There were 211


SnO2 thin films were grown on p-InSb (111) substrates by radio-frequency magnetron sputtering at low temperature. Atomic force microscopy images showed that the root mean square of the average surface roughness of the SnO2 films grown on the InSb (111) substrates with an Ar/O2 flow rate of 0.667 and at a temperature of 200 °C had a minimum value of 2.71 nm, and x-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) measurements showed that these SnO2 thin films were polycrystalline. Auger electron spectroscopy and bright-field TEM measurements showed that the SnO2/p-InSb(111) heterointerface was relatively abrupt. High-resolution TEM measurements revealed that the SnO2 films were nanocrystalline and that the grain sizes of the nanocystalline films were below 6.8 nm. The capacitance–voltage measurements at room temperature showed that the type and the carrier concentration of the nominally undoped SnO2 film were n type and approximately 1.67×1016 cm−3, respectively, and the current–voltage curve indi...


Objective to explore the treatment effect of red woman washing clean lotion nuclear on vaginal vulvovaginal candidiasis(vulvovaginal candidiasis,VVC)disease.Methods Choose the standard 100 cases of patients,randomly divided into the VVC(red nuclear woman clean lotion vagina washing+vaginal placed'NingShuan)and the control group(only vaginal placed'NingShuan)every 50 cases.Next time menstruation is clean three days later visit,observed the clinical symptoms,and do the vaginal examination,vaginal pH change.Results The recovery of symptoms,on average,was faster than the control group of 1.8 d,2.5 d(p 0.01);the detection rate was lower than the control group of 3.5%,6.7%(p0.01);but vaginal pH of the two groups had no statistical difference(p=0.35).Conclusion Red nuclear woman clean lotion is an effective adjunctie to VVC western medicine antifungal therapies,can rapid relief itchy,and is of no significant effect on vaginal acidic environment.


The frequency bands currently used by existing narrowband users might be shared with a CDMA spread spectrum overlay system. Thus, the spectrum efficiency is improved providing more capacity for future personal communications networks. Since both narrow- and wide-band signals interfere with each other, a spread spectrum modulation scheme with a good resistance to narrowband interference results in an increased number of acceptable overlay users. We study a frequency-diversity spread spectrum modulation scheme for which optimal detection in the presence of narrowband interference is easy to implement. The acceptable number of overlay users is evaluated and compared to that of conventional direct-sequence spread spectrum modulation schemes with and without interference rejection filters.


Palaeo-Valleys in the Region of the Słupia River Mouth Basing on results of detailed hydroacoustic research, the geological structure of the bottom to 20-22 m b.s.l. has been studied. The palaeo-Słupia palaeo-valley, buried by a thin cover of marine sands, has been recognized and determined. Some stages of valley development may be distinguished. The deposits of the oldest valley are C14 dated at ca. 21 ka BP. But in the main stage, the valley was formed by action of the subglacial and thawing glacial waters during and after the so-called Gardno Phase. Most probably this valley was connected with the Pomeranian ice margin valley. The next stages of the valley's development were related with changes of the palaeo-Słupia under conditions of the Litorina transgression. The youngest palaeo-Słupia valley is, in the authors' opinion, related with a shallow, long incision, weakly marked in the sea bottom in the central part of the studied area. Field investigations were carried out by the Department of Operational Oceanography of the Maritime Institute in Gdańsk from the r/v Dr Lubecki. A DESO 15 echosounder, Subbottom Profilers model 3010 and the X Star system were used. Eight vibrocores (core length up to 3 m) were taken from the sea bottom and three borings (10-17 m depth) were executed on the shore. Accurate positioning was obtained using the DGPS and HYDRO and Track Point Systems. All data were digitally recorded and processed.


In this study, a real-time system design, which can track (RGB) targets in dynamic environments with an active camera, was implemented. Object tracking applications are quite important for military, surveillance system and operational robot applications and getting more important day by day. This design allows us tracking an object using fewer cameras. The design consists of three main parts that are object detection, mapping, tracking the object. When the camera catches the object, first it detects the shape of the object and creates bounding box, according to bounding box information, the algorithm calculates the centroid of the object. Object coordinates are determined using centroid of the object then tracking process works by activating motors via Arduino-MATLAB communication. The motors placed on a platform called pan-tilt platform. The platform can turn 270 and 180 degrees on×and y-axis respectively.


The construction system FRAMBOISE is intended to provide active database mechanisms by bundling them together out of existing, prefabricated components realizing specific active database tasks. The systems built by means of FRAMBOISE are built according to a common architecture. This reference architecture not only serves as a blueprint to assemble systems but establishes also a context that underlies the design of new components. This paper discusses the function of the reference architecture in the overall FRAMBOISE project and presents it formally by means of an architecture description language.


Systemic efforts to implement database decision-making at the school-level and classroom-level face several challenges. First, most data available within district information systems are limited to operational needs of schools and the district. Second, educational organizations have little experience integrating complex data into their decision-making processes. Third, while large-scale assessment and accountability data are more generally available for gauging the performance of educational systems, there are major differences between the evidence used for external accountability systems and the data needed for making instructional decisions on a daily basis in the classroom.


In many countries, railways are one of the largest buyers of goods and services in the European economy. The scale of procurement operations is extremely wide, encompassing everything from…


NMR spectroscopy was used to determine the solution structures of RNA oligonucleotides comprising the anticodon domain of tRNA(Lys,3). The structural effects of the pseudouridine modification at position 39 were investigated and are well correlated with changes in thermodynamic parameters. The loop conformation differs from that seen in tRNA(Phe) and provides an explanation of the critical role of modification in this tRNA.


Reactions of [{Mo(=O)(DMF) 3 } 2 (μ 2 -S) 2 ]I 2 (1) with an equimolar amount of [(Cp*MCl) 2 (μ 2 -SH) 2 ] (M = Ir, Rh; Cp* = η 5 -C 5 Me 5 ) and excess [Me 4 N]Cl in DMF at room temperature afforded cubane-type clusters with a terminal oxo ligand, [{Mo(=O)Cl 2 }{MoCl 2 (DMF)}-(Cp*M) 2 (μ 3 -S) 4 ] (M = Ir (5), Rh (6)), while treatment of 1 with [(Cp'RuCl) 2 (μ 2 -SH) 2 ] (Cp' = Cp*, Cp°; Cp° = η 5 -C 5 EtMe 4 ) under analogous conditions gave cubane-type clusters without oxo ligands, [{MoCl 2 (DMF)} 2 (Cp'Ru) 2 (μ 3 -S) 4 ] (Cp' = Cp*, Cp° (7')). Cluster 5 reacted with MePhNNH 2 in DMF at room temperature, yielding the methylphenylhydrazido(2-) cluster [{Mo(NNMePh)Cl 2 }{MoCl 2 (DMF)}(Cp*Ir) 2 (μ 3 -S) 4 ] (9), which upon treatment with lutidinium chloride (Lut.HCl) as the source of protons and cobaltocene as the source of electrons produced PhNHMe in considerable yield. Catalytic conversion of MePhNNH 2 into PhNHMe through the reductive cleavage of the N-N bond by a Lut.HCl/cobaltocene mixture was attained by the use of the cubane-type clusters as catalyst precursors, which include 5, 6, and their mixed-chalcogenido analogues [{Mo(=O)Cl 2 }{MoCl 2 (DMF)}(Cp*M) 2 (μ s -S) 2 (μ 3 -Se) 2 ] (M = Ir, Rh). X-ray analyses have been undertaken for 5, 7', and 9 to determine their detailed structures.


Introduction. Aberrations in pulmonary function test are present in about 20%
 of patients with radiographic stage I sarcoidosis, whereas the pulmonary
 function is damaged in 40-80% of patients with parenchymal infiltrates
 (stages II, III or IV). Discussion and Review of Literature. Reductions in
 lung volumes (vital capacity and total lung capacity) are characteristic. The
 diffusing capacity of lungs is often reduced, but it is less pronounced in
 sarcoidosis than in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Oxygenation is usually
 preserved until late in the course of sarcoidosis. Airflow obstruction
 (reduced forced expiratory volume in one second and expiratory flow rates)
 and bronchial hyper-reactivity occur in 30-50% of sarcoidosis patients with
 pulmonary parenchymal involvement. Conclusion. While restrictive spirometry
 pattern could easily be explained by fibrous changes in lung parenchyma,
 especially in late stages of the lung disease, pathogenesis of airflow
 limitation can be attributed mostly to endobronchial involvement
 (intraluminal granuloma or fibrous scars formation), airway compression due
 to enlarged lymph nodes and to distortion of small airways due to established
 pulmonary fibrosis. [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. 175046
 i br.175081]


Simultaneous multi-threading (SMT) has been a very popular design in improving resource utilization by sharing key datapath components among multiple independent threads. When critical resources are shared by multiple threads, to effective use of these resources proves to be the most important factor in fully exploiting the system potential. Allowing any of the threads to overwhelm these shared resources not only leads to unfair thread processing but may also result in severely degraded overall performance. How to prevent idling threads from clogging the critical resources in the pipeline becomes a must in sustaining system performance. In this paper, we show that, if one can manage to recall instructions of idling threads from Issue Queue (IQ), a very important shared resource in the SMT pipeline, the system performance is easily enhanced by a significant margin. An even more noteworthy feature about this technique is that the ensuing hardware overhead is very insignificant and its effect in clock timing also is negligible. The feature proposed in this paper can also be easily coupled with other advanced techniques employed in other stages of the SMT pipeline.


Medical representative as the spearhead of the company that specialized in selling hard drugs and psychotropic substances should be able to market their products well and is consistent with the use of marketing communications strategy by personal medical representative. This study used qualitative methods with Medical representatives and specialized doctors as the informants using the analysis techniques of the domain of data and taxonomy. The result of the study is that representative medical marketing communications strategy can be systematically grouped into Opening (opening), Probing (questioning techniques), Supporting (presentation), Objection Handling (overcoming objections), and Closing (closing). To support it, the necessary thing is the ability of Productions knowledge. Other Medical representative strategy to support its activities are some programs such sponsorship Symposium, Seminar, Workshop, RTD (round table Discussion), customer service (service offers), entertainment and gimmick.


The study of language would be simple and straightforward indeed—not to mention boring—if we all pronounced our words in exactly the same way at all times, like a race of robots. But, for a multitude of reasons, speech sounds vary and change from one utterance to another. That is, groups of sounds that a language community has agreed to use with certain meanings are constantly being altered by individuals through haste, carelessness, ignorance, perhaps even in response to a creative impulse. What begins as an error or deviation may ultimately gain general acceptance. Awkward clusters of sounds may be so frequently and consistently altered that the new sounds become standard usage. For example, although the k of knife and know was sounded in Old English, it is no longer correct to pronounce it.


Sarcasm is an important part of communication, and detecting sarcasm is difficult for humans, let alone computers. Newspapers often seem to employ sarcasm in their headlines to grab the readers' attention. However, more often than not, the readers find it difficult to detect the irony in the headlines, thus getting a wrong idea about that particular news and further passing on their understanding to their friends, colleagues, etc. Thus, a system which can automatically and reliably detect sarcasm is more important now than ever. We build sarcasm detectors using neural networks and attempt to understand how a computer learns the patterns of sarcasm. The input to our project consists of sequences that are labeled sarcastic or non-sarcastic. These sequences come from two different datasets containing news headlines and social media commentary. Our classifiers are evaluated on their accuracies. Our model performs highly and is capable of reliably classifying sarcastic or non-sarcastic phrases.


The grate-CFB(combined grate and circulating fluidized bed) incineration technology for municipal solid wastes requires little auxiliary fuel,has low pollutant emissions,and is quite compact.However,the water-cooled walls are quite complicated due to the flexible arrangement,which may lead to flow stagnation and flow reversal in the weakly heated tube,especially in the water-cooled wall of the gas-solid separator.This flow stagnation and reversal would be detrimental to safe boiler operation.Analysis of the water circulation in the boiler of a grate-CFB incinerator shows that the boiler heating surface could be damaged by poor water circulation;however,the five years of actual operating experience has shown that the water circulation did not resulted in any abnormal boiler shutdowns.The water circulation is safe due to the low radiant heat flux on the heating surface where the stagnation may occur.


A novel compact ultra-wideband bandpass filter (BPF) is proposed on the back-to-back composite microstrip-to-coplanar waveguide (CPW) structure. In this study, the CPW is composed by the defected ground structure (DGS). The microstrip-CPW transitions and the CPW shorted stubs are adopted as quasi-lumped-circuit elements for realizing a three-pole high-pass filter prototype. By introducing a cross-coupled capacitance between input and output ports of this high-pass filter and suitably designing the transition stretch stubs, a compact three-pole ultra-wideband bandpass filter is implemented with two transmission zeros located close to the passband edges as well as good out-of-band response. Being developed from the quasi-lumped elements, and not from the transmission lines, the proposed ultra-wideband filters have sizes more compact. The proposed ultra-wideband filters have the merits of compact size, flat group delay, good insertion/return loss, and good selectivity. Simulated responses of these filters are demonstrated.


The academic and professional literature addressing business process reengineering points at inter-task information flow delays (handoffs) as a major source of processing errors and excessive delays in job completion times. Many of the success stories cited in the literature call for employee-empowerment and task consolidation. It means that many benefits are accrued by consolidating tasks, rather than processing the existing task structure at a faster rate. However, there has not been any systematic methodology available to determine the optimal re-bundling of information intensive tasks. Our paper presents a new powerful methodology designed to optimally consolidate tasks in order to reduce the overall cycle time. This methodology takes into account the following parameters: precedence of information flows, loss of specialization, alignment of decision rights, reduction in handoffs and technology support costs. Several application examples presented here highlight the viability of our approach and illustrate the key organizational and technological tradeoffs associated with the redesign of transaction processing activities.


A method for realizing P2P stream broadcast in information electrical home appliances includes adding new node, member management, partner management, butter storage management and buffer-storing image, dispatching control module, node disengagement and invalid recovery, hardware and storage .The device for realizing said method is also disclosed.


Currently, it still remains a grand challenge to simultaneously enhance the mechanical and electrochemical properties of carbon materials for advanced energy storage and conversion. Herein, we reported the exploration of a carbon nanofiber aerogel with a unique spider-web-like 3D network structure based on the welding effect rather than interfibrous entanglements, via the carbonization of bacterial cellulose (BC) nanofibers assisted by surface carboxylation treatment. The as-prepared carbon aerogel had an ultralow density of ∼2.7 mg cm−3, and exhibited high flexibility (e > 90%) and robust repetitive compressive duration (only a 3% decrease after 100 cycles at e = 90%). Moreover, it showed a specific capacitance of 268 F g−1 at 0.5 A g−1, which was among the best values of self-supporting carbon materials ever reported. The as-constructed solid-state supercapacitors (SSSCs) achieved a specific capacitance of 104 F g−1 at 0.5 A g−1 with excellent rate performance and cycling stability, which were much higher than those of most carbon-based SSSCs ever reported. More interestingly, such SSSCs showed great potential to be applied as flexible energy storage devices.


AIM:To analyze the sensitivity,specificity and receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve of echocardiography for diagnosis of coronary artery disease.METHODS;One hundred and fourteen subjects were selected according to the clinical diagnostic criteria of coronary artery disease and echocardiography was performed.The regional ventricular wall motion was observed,and the left ventricular end-diastolic diameter,left ventricular end-systolic diameter, left ventricular ejection fraction and the ratio of early-diastolic peak flow velocity to late-diastolic peak flow velocity were measured in all subjects.The coronary angiography was performed,and the final diagnosis of coronary artery disease was made when the degree of the coronary artery stenosis was≥50%.RESULTS:The final diagnosis of coronary artery disease was confirmed by coronary angiography in 96 cases of the total 114 patients selected.Among them,attenuation, disappearance and paradoxical motion of the regional ventricular wall motion were observed,and a sensitivity of 79.2%and a positioning accuracy of 75.0%were achieved by echocardiography.The sensitivity was 82.2%and the specificity was 100%when the score of the regional left ventricular wall motion was divided into the cut-off point of≥4,and the area under the ROC curve was 0.95(0.89-0.98).CONCLUSION:Echocardiography is a preferred non-invasive method for diagnosis of coronary artery disease.The score of regional ventricular wall motion has high specificity and sensitivity in the diagnosis of coronary artery disease.


New technologies for developing electronics/optoelectronics with tunable functionalities and performance are critical to emerging applications in wearable electronics, communications, robotics, prosthetics, and biomedical treatments. For these applications, the active and adaptive interactions between devices and stimuli (e.g., from the human body) are essential. Although mechanical stimuli are ubiquitous and abundant in the environment for potential interactions with these electronics/optoelectronics,1–3 they are difficult to implement with conventional silicon devices. The piezoelectric effect has been widely used for electromechanical sensing, actuating, and energy harvesting. Charge polarization occurs in response to mechanical deformation in materials lacking inversion symmetry. Conventional piezoelectric materials such as Pb(ZrxTi1 x/O3 (PZT) and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) are insulating and hence not suitable for constructing functional electronics or optoelectronics. Because of this, the effect of mechanically induced polarization on charge carriers in piezoelectric materials has long been overlooked. Semiconductor materials such as zinc oxide (ZnO), gallium nitride, and cadmium sulfide with wurtzite or zinc blende structure also possess piezoelectric properties. However, they have relatively small piezoelectric coefficients and so have not been used as extensively in piezoelectric sensors and actuators.4 Despite this, their combination of piezoelectric polarization with semiconductor properties gives rise to novel fundamental phenomena and has novel device applications, leading to increasing interest in the emerging field of 'piezotronics' since it was first identified in 2006.5 The piezotronic effect modulates charge carrier transport across a metal-semiconductor (M-S) barrier or p-n junction by mechanical deformation. Straininduced charge polarization results from redistributed free carriers and band structure changes near the interface (see Figure 1. Schematic energy diagram showing how piezopotential modulates the metal-semiconductor (M-S) contact and p-n junctions. (a) With compressive strain applied, the negative piezoelectric polarization ionic charges induced near the M-S interface increase the local Schottky barrier height (SBH). (b) With tensile strain applied, the positive piezoelectric polarization ionic charges induced near the M-S interface decrease the local SBH. (c) and (d) With strain applied, the piezoelectric polarization ionic charges are induced near the p-n junction interface. Ef ;m, Ef ;s: Fermi level of the metal and semiconductor, respectively. n-type, p-type: Semiconductor with negatively charged electrons or positively charged 'holes' as carriers, respectively.


A unidirectional mutation-selection approach for the general job shop scheduling problem is presented. The underlying algorithm uses threshold accepting as an iterative search technique and incorporates a special non-monotonic threshold function (threshold waving). Search is performed in the space of operation sequences and, for the purpose of evaluation, is combined with a simple heuristic transforming operation sequences into schedules. Mutation of solution candidates is based on a critical path analysis and, additionally, on a probabilistically employed local hill-climbing operator. Effectiveness of the approach is demonstrated within a comparison with some well-known heuristic and exact algorithms. Remark: A slightly shortened and changed version of of this report has been submitted to the


The reported incidence of patients with multiple personalities has increased dramatically during the 1970s. It has become important for therapists and researchers to have available a comprehensive bibliography of the literature pertaining to this increasingly important disorder, especially since much of that literature is in sources that are difficult to locate through typical procedures for literature search. This paper presents a comprehensive bibliography of 350 references relating to multiple personality. The articles, books, and paper presentations included in this bibliography are classified into 11 categories: reviews, general references, diagnosis and differential diagnosis, psychological testing, etiology, case reports, biographical and autobiographical accounts, treatment, experimental investigations, medico-legal aspects, and psychophysiological aspects. References that might be especially useful to the reader new to the multiple personality literature are identified.


We present results related to the performance of an algorithm for community detection which incorporates event-driven computation. We define a mapping which takes a graph 𝒢 to a system of symmetrically connected, spiking neurons and use spike train similarities to identify vertex communities. On a random graph with 128 vertices and known community structure we show how our approach can be used to identify individual communities from spiking neuron responses.


ISIS is largely driven by its Sufi rivalry to Sunnis. However, because of the absence of connection with Salafism theology, the author also connects such radicalism to the motivations of other individual mass murders (e.g. the Norwegian Breivik) and also to cult murders (e.g., the American Peoples Temple Sect murders/suicides in Guyana) suggesting thereby that the motivations of ISIS members are as much personal as religious obsessions.


A new mass-field variable is defined for use in normal mode initialization of a sigma coordinate model. The new variable is a nonlinear function of surface pressure and temperature whose Laplacian gives the full mass-field contribution to the divergence tendency. It is found that gravitational zeroing results in significantly smaller changes and a better balance with the new mass variable than with the old. For first order nonlinear initialization, use of the new mass variable yields only minor improvement in a global sense, but may be significant in the areas of high resolution steep orography.