The protective effects of seeds of Mucuna pruriens on epichlorohydrin (ECH)-induced toxicity in epididymis and epididymal sperms of rats were studied. Different doses of ECH and M. pruriens (75 and 100 mg kg−1, respectively) were administered daily, orally for 70 days. Group I animals served as control. Group II and III rats received ECH (75 or 100 mg kg−1 body weight, respectively) alone. The group IV and V rats received a combination of both ECH and the seed extract of M. pruriens at 75 or 100 mg kg−1 body weight. Group VI rats was administered only the extract of M. pruriens 100 mg kg−1 body weight. At the end of the experiment (71st day), rats were sacrificed and sperm collected from epididymis were used for the assessment of sperm count, sperm viability, and sperm motility. Administration of ECH produced a reduction in epididymal sperm count, sperm viability, and sperm motility. The activities of catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase were decreased, while lipid peroxidation was increased. ECH produced a decrease in the levels of protein, acid phosphatase, sialic acids, and increased the level of alkaline phosphatase, and cholesterol. The administration of M. pruriens to ECH-treated rats resulted in a protective effect.


Thiopental was used in long-term infusion (3–4.5 mg · kg−1 · h−1 during 4–8 days) to protect the brain from injury following trauma. Thiopental plasma concentrations were measured during infusion (48 patients) and after infusion (14 patients) to determine the kinetics of the drug in continuous infusion. All mean values were mean ± SD. Steady state concentrations (C18) were 31.8 ± 10.7 mg/1 for an infusion rate of 3.05 ± 0.37 mg · kg−1 · h−1 and 48.9 ± 14.6 mg/1 for a rate of 4.2 ± 0.3 mg · kg−1 · h−1. Corresponding steady state clearance decreased when C18 increased, indicating possible saturation of the metabolic enzymatic system. Michaelis-Menten kinetics were confirmed by postinfusion data that give, for higher C18, a nonlinear decay of log C versus time. First-order kinetics were only obtained with C18, below 30 mg/1. The maximum rate of elimination (Vm) was 1.76 ± 1.15 mg · I−1 · h−1 (n = 11), and the Michaelis constant (Km) was 26.7 ± 22.9 mg/1 (n = 11). Hepatic enzyme saturation was between 35 and 85%. The volume of distribution at steady state was 4.35 ± 1.83 1/kg (n = 11). Apparent half-lives of elimination were between 18 and 36 h at the end of infusion, and predicted terminal half-lives were 10.15 ± 5.43 h (n = 11). Phases of burst-suppression were observed on electroencephalographic traces for concentrations greater than 40 mg/1. The authors' results suggest that a continuous infusion at a dose of 4 mg · kg−1 · h−1 induces EEG changes consistent with a near-maximum reduction in cerebral metabolism. Because of the thiopental Michaelis-Menten kinetics at doses above 4 mg · kg−1 · h−1, the authors suggest that thiopental plasma concentrations be measured and/or the drug effect be measured with the EEG to prevent excessive thiopental overdosage, causing a prolonged recovery time.


Natural populations of Pancratium hirtum A. Chev. from different ecological niches show definable morphological variation. Samples were grown in an experimental garden and investigated karyotypically. Five morphological variants (morphotypes) were identified and were confirmed as showing karyotype differences. Karyotype differentiation involves at least: (1) chromosomal breakages, and (2) differences in the total length of chromatin material per nucleus. The chromosome basic number of x = 11 is confirmed for the species, while the presence of accessory chromosomes in one morphotype is reported for the first time in the genus. Population divergence is less pronounced than karyotypic divergence. Pancratiunrr L. is represented in West Tropical Africa by two species, P. hirtum A. Chev. and P. trianthum Herb. Their taxonomy was well documented by Morton (1965), who reported the somatic chromosome number of 2n = 22 for them. Morton did not include analysis of the karyotypes. Pancratium hirtum, with large chromosomes, is especially suitable for study of chro


Asynchronous serial communication is usually implemented by Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter (UART), mostly used for low expense, low speed, short distance data exchange between processor and peripherals. UART allows full duplex serial communication link, and is used in data communication and control system. There is a need for realizing the UART function in a single or a very few chips. Further, design systems without full testability are open to the increased possibility of product failures and missed market opportunities. Also, it is necessary to ensure the data transfer is error proof. This project targets the introduction of Built-in self test (BIST) and Status register to UART. The basic idea is to reduce the switching activity among the test patterns at the most. In this approach, the single input change patterns generated by a counter and a gray code generator are Exclusive-ORed with the seed generated by the low power linear feedback shift register [LP-LFSR]. The 8-bit UART with status register and BIST module is coded in Verilog HDL and synthesized and simulated using Xilinx XST and ISim version 14.4 and realized on FPGA.


In this work, we show that the Metric-Affine and Riemann-Cartan geometries are, essentially, equivalent to each other. The proof is based on the fact that the nonmetricity cancels out the symmetric component of the spin connection. With this purpose, two formalisms for gravity theories are discussed, the Palatini metric-affine and the Einstein-Cartan ones. In the former, where gravity is described by means of the space-time diffeomorphism, it is shown that the affine connection in both geometries are equivalent. In the latter, the nonmetric degrees of freedom decouple from the geometry and exhibit matter field behavior. Thus, from the point of view of isometries on the tangent manifold, the equivalence might be viewed as an isometry transition from the affine group to the Poincaré group, A(d, R) 7−→ ISO(1, d−1). Furthermore, in this transition, depending on the form of the Lagrangian, the nonmetricity might present a dynamical spin-3 matter field character, with no geometric interpretation in the Riemann-Cartan geometry.


This article argues that Book I of the Politics represents Aristotle's critique of Plato's Eleatic Stranger on the specific character of political rule and the knowledge required for political rule, and that this critique produces a different understanding of the proper division of regimes and the relationship between political theory and practice. These differences can be traced to a more fundamental disagreement about nature: Aristotle sees nature as generally hospitable to human life and argues that the natural end or goal of political association is not mere life but the good life, while the Eleatic perceives nature as hostile and proposes a minimalist politics, aimed primarily at preserving life. Although the Eleatic's view of nature might appear to be closer to and more compatible with modern political thought, the conception of nature Aristotle presents in his Politics offers richer possibilities for political theory and political life.


With the rapid development of artificial intelligence in past decades, great attention has been drawn to the field of face detection and recognition. Humans show a high degree of variability in their expressions, poses and appearance. Thus, limitations such as disguised and occluded faces, make it hard to implement high-accuracy face detection in real life. Although several algorithms have been proposed to handle recognition of disguised faces, the interpretation of the possible features that may have impact on the performance of models is hardly mentioned. In this paper, we explored possible features that could distinguish disguised faces compared to original faces, including skin region, luminosity, textures and edges. A Deep Neural Network model was utilised for the comparison between different features using the Disguised Faces in the Wild dataset. Our results show that colour on skin region, luminosity and texture in images could greatly contribute to the performance in detection of disguised faces with a CNN architecture. The results from fusing the individual features significantly outperformed the results when using the whole image, performing 72%, which is considered the state-of-the-art in subject-independent disguised face detection.


The Elmbridge Community Safety Partnership (ECSP) recognises that anti-social behaviour is a serious problem that affects the quality of life of individuals, families and the community. We're committed to tackling anti-social behaviour, and will use the full range of powers and resources available, both criminal and civil, to ensure that we take a firm stance against perpetrators. We want residents and businesses in the Borough to live and work safely and peacefully.


Abstract Premature infants often experience problems when direct at-breastfeeding is initiated. More specifically, these difficulties include an inability to maintain attachment to the maternal nipple and/or falling asleep soon after attaching to the breast. Although studies show that premature infants are more physiologically stable during breastfeeding compared to bottle feeding for these initial feedings, milk transfer rates are generally lower at the breast. When clinicians have a better understanding of maternal and infant factors contributing to milk transfer during breastfeeding, interventions conducive to improving outcomes can be developed. This article seeks to describe the concept of milk transfer and the factors contributing to milk intake during breastfeeding for the premature infant.


We investigate the usability of the CoRoLa corpus for generating high quality vector representations of words for Romanian language. Different model parameters are tested and model quality is compared in three test cases: two word analogies data sets and a word similarity correlation with human judgment. Furthermore, we prove that CoRoLa provides superior word representations compared to other known Romanian corpora, such as the Wikipedia corpus.


In today's accelerating world economy, the drive to continually cut costs and focus on core competencies has driven many to outsource some or all of their production. In this environment, improving supply chain execution and leveraging the supply base through effective supplier relationship management (SRM) has become more critical than ever in achieving competitive advantage. It was found that the use of artificial intelligence in the outsourcing function of SRM to identify appropriate suppliers to form a supply network has become a promising solution on which manufacturers depend for products, services and distribution. In this paper, an intelligent supplier relationship management system (ISRMS) using hybrid case based reasoning (CBR) and artificial neural networks (ANNs) techniques to select and benchmark potential suppliers is discussed. By using ISRMS in Honeywell Consumer Product (Hong Kong) Limited, the outsource cycle time from searching for potential suppliers to the allocation of order is greatly reduced. q 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.


It was found that today Ukraine is not ready to introduce a decentralized system due to shortcomings in budget planning and non-transparency of public financial management. In case of its introduction in the management system of EU funds of Ukraine, it is advisable to develop a preparatory stage for a decentralized management system of EU assistance resources, which will ensure an independent audit of Ukraine's external assistance management system. Based on the results of the audit, it is necessary to determine the responsible state institution that will carry out the overall coordination of the decentralized system in the subsequent stages of its implementation. An urgent challenge for modern Ukraine is the ability to develop a national research and innovation strategy in line with the best EU models. To date, Ukraine lacks a comprehensive systemic vision for the development of science, technology and innovation, and dialogue with civil society and the expert community is somewhat of a formality. The plans and proposals submitted by the Ministry of Education and Science and the Ministry of Economic
Development, Trade and Agriculture need to be properly coordinated. After all, such inconsistency of actions of government structures is also reflected in the quality and effectiveness of the legislation of Ukraine, increases the time of adoption of laws in the Verkhovna Rada. In this regard, cooperation between the three committees in particular needs to be significantly improved, namely: the Committee on Education and Science, the Committee on Informatization and Communications and the Committee on Industrial Policy and Entrepreneurship. Promoting cooperation and integration with the European Union will allow the citizens of the respective partner countries to adapt European values faster, increase people's awareness of the experience and prospects of EU countries, and significantly strengthen their self-identification as Europeans. The importance of the role of the Eastern Partnership in security issues for both the EU and the countries participating in the Eastern Partnership should be emphasized.
Keywords: European Union, European integration, Eastern Partnership, regional cooperation, Association Agreement, public administration.


In a direct-mapped instruction cache, all instructions that have the same memory address modulo the cache size, share a common and unique cache slot. Instruction cache conflicts can be partially handled at linked time by procedure placement. Pettis and Hansen give in [1] an algorithm that reorders procedures in memory by aggregating them in a greedy fashion. The Gloy and Smith algorithm [2] greatly decreases the number of con ict-misses but increases the code size by allowing gaps between procedures. The latter contains two main stages: the cache-placement phase assigns modulo addresses to minimizes cache-conflicts; the memory-placement phase assigns final memory addresses under the modulo placement constraints, and minimizes the code size expansion. In this paper: (1) we state the NP-completeness of the cache-placement problem; (2) we provide an optimal algorithm to the memory-placement problem with complexity O(n min(n; L) log* (n)) (n is the number of procedures, L the cache size); (3) we take final program size into consideration during the cache-placement phase. Our modifications to the Gloy and Smith algorithm gives on average a code size expansion of 8% over the original program size, while the initial algorithm gave an expansion of 177%. The cache miss reduction is nearly the same as the Gloy and Smith solution with 35% cache miss reduction.


A. Alexeenko is currently an assistant professor in the School of Aeronautics and Astronautics at Purdue University and is an affiliate of NNSA Center for Prediction of Reliability, Integrity and Survivability of Microsystems (PRISM). Her research interests are in computational rarefied gas dynamics and its applications in high‐altitude aerothermodynamics, physics of microscale devices and vacuum gas dynamics. Abstract: Broad evidence for a unified mechanism of slow degradation and catastrophic failure of capacitive RF‐MEMS switches is examined. The experimental results reported by various groups from parametric studies of effects of pressure, temperature, gas composition, metallic material, hold‐down bias and others suggest that gas discharges at voltages significantly lower than the classical DC Paschen breakdown affect reliability under a wide range of conditions. Analysis of dynamics of a MEMS switch with a measured lifetime shows that the breakdown may be accelerated by injection of metallic and solid dielectric material in the gas gap due to repeated low‐current discharges during contacting events. Strategies for avoiding this failure mechanism and achieving highly reliable capacitive switching for high‐ power applications are discussed.


In pediatric cystic fibrosis (CF) ambulatory care, handheld spirometry in individual clinic rooms would improve patient flow and potentially reduce patient‐to‐patient contact. A validation study was conducted to examine the accuracy of an entirely handheld turbine spirometer vs a standard laboratory device in pediatric CF patients.


In view of the technical problem existed in the work of tree seed harvesting, this paper advanced a new way of the tree seed harvesting and its mini-power equipment which suits trees of different kinds and completed the research of its mini-power equipment.


Phosphate is one of the most important elements of plant, which can enhance photosynthesis and carbohydrate transport. Phosphate can promote the synthesis of protein, and it is conducive to the reduction and utilization of nitrate by nitrogen fixation. Phosphate participates in the synthesis of plant fat, which can improve crop adaptability to the external environment. However, if phosphorus pollution is discharged directly, it will lead to serious environmental pollution, such as nutrient enrichment of seawater. ZIF-8, a subclass of MOF, has emerged as a new kind of porous crystalline materials with excellent properties such as uniform micro-pores, accessible pore volumes, large surface areas as well as exceptional chemical and thermal stabilities, making it potentially interesting candidate for adsorbing phosphate from waste water.


The role of the courts in judging the actions of government in wartime has ranged from extreme deference to careful probing of alleged government excesses over more than two centuries. The courts' record has reflected the nature of the armed conflicts the United States has engaged in and the legal bases for the actions at issue. In the aggregate, the courts have served as a necessary counterweight to government overreaching in times of national security crisis. It is easy to underestimate the institutional problems confronting judges who are asked to make momentous decisions in times of national crisis — difficulties of fact-finding and assessing the risks of being wrong, among others. Yet no other part of government is as equipped as the judiciary to anchor the nation to its core values during a storm.


A method for estimating the mixing ratio of soybean oil in a sesame oil was established using ten sesame oils and nine soybean oils. Fatty acid pattern similarity (cos θ) between sesame oil mixed with soybean oil and pure sesame oil was assessed and expressed: [(1-cos θ) 10 6 ] 1/2 , as the value of 2 1/2 sin θ/2 × 10 3 which was proportional to the mixing ratio of soybean oil. cos θ between one sesame oil and nine soybean oils was calculated before determining the highest and lowest values of 2 1/2 sin θ/2 × 10 3 . cos θ between the average fatty acid pattern of ten sesame oils and each sesame oil was also determined. When the fatty acid pattern of sesame oil was specified or the average fatty acid pattern of sesame oil could be used, the mixing ratio of soybean oil was estimated from 2 1/2 sin θ/2 × 10 3


In this paper, experimental researches on a vertical looped pulsating heat pipe (PHP) have been done at 60% filling ratio (FR) and power inputs (Q) of 20W, 40W, 60W, 80W and 100W. The PHP is made of copper tubes with internal diameters 2mm and wall thickness 1mm. Experimental investigations on PHPs indicated working fluid is an important factor for the performance of PHPs. Methanol, ethanol, acetone, water and different binary mixtures are selected as working fluids. The evaporation section temperature (Te) and the condensation section temperature (Tc) are recorded to find the characteristics of the thermal resistance (R). According to the experimental results, the thermal resistance decreases with the increase of the heating power at the same filling ratio. The thermal resistance decreases more slowly and the differences of the thermal resistances are smaller with every working fluids for the power inputs larger than 60W. For the pure working fluids PHP, the sequence of the thermal resistances is acetone, methanol, ethanol and water from small to large. From 20W to 100W, Te and Tc of methanol and ethanol are closed and have the same trend. For the methanol/water PHP, the thermal resistance of methanol/water is lower than that of methanol and water. The evaporation section temperature of methanol/water is lower than that of methanol and water. For the acetone/water PHP, the thermal resistance of acetone/water is between that of acetone and water. The evaporation section temperature of acetone/water and that of acetone have the same trend and the condensation section temperature of acetone/water is close to that of acetone from 20W to 100W. For the ethanol/acetone PHP, the thermal resistance of is higher than that of ethanol and acetone. Methanol/water PHP has better heat transfer performance than pure working fluids PHP, acetone/water PHP and acetone/water PHP.


Two approaches, expressed in terms of mappings between design and computation, are explored with the intention of clarifying the relationship between the theories of design and computation. First, the relationship between models of the design process and computational search strategies is explored. Second, relationships between design knowledge and computational representation schemes are discussed. Finally, some thoughts on integrating these design models and knowledge representation schemes into computer systems that assist designers are discussed.<<ETX>>


Reduced skeletal muscle mass is a major component of sarcopenia, associated with impaired exercise capacity and poor prognosis in patients with heart failure (HF). Measurement of skeletal muscle mass by dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry may be affected by fluid retention, typically in the patients' lower extremities. The aim of the present study was to elucidate the association between upper and lower extremity skeletal muscle mass (USM and LSM) and all‐cause mortality in hospitalized patients with HF, after discharge.


The microstructure and electrochemical property of Cu–Al–Si alloy anode material are studied in this paper. The research shows that the alloy particle has a basic circular outline, and two copper-rich phases with different silicon contents are detected in the particle, and both phases with nanostructure are observed in its surface layer. The nano-silicon alloy negative electrode material needs to be used in a certain proportion with graphite, binder and conductive agent, and the stirring process also has an important influence on its electrochemical performance. Multiple mixing can achieve a better cycle retention compared to direct mixing. The first-cycle coulombic efficiency of the electrode material is improved up to about 90%, and the specific capacity is still higher than 500[Formula: see text]mAh[Formula: see text]g[Formula: see text] after 100 cycles. The battery manufacturing process is similar to the graphite negative electrode, so it is easy to be applied.


Nowadays world is moving toward scientific, technologic, cultural, economic and social advancement. The method of this research in terms of purpose is practical (applied) and data gathering is descriptive and correlation type. The research population includes all producers of television program and communication experts. Questionnaires were used for data collecting. Face and content -related validity was obtained by using the available sources and connoisseurs' opinions and their validity through tentative execution and calculation of Cronbach's Alpha coefficient was equal to 79%. The present article attempts to study the role of television for reaching to development. The issue of development may be studied with respect to several aspects, in which the present research deals with studying civil aspect of television. Among several media, the television is regarded as all inclusive and widely influencing media.


This is the web version of a special letter from the NIAMS Director, Letter from Dr. Stephen I. Katz: Sharing Your Scientific Imagery


Quasiharmonic lattice dynamics is used to examine the mechanisms underlying the anisotropic thermal expansion of orthorhombic polyethylene, with particular attention to low temperature behavior. Several sets of interatomic potentials all give good qualitative agreement with experiment. Tensions caused by vibrations with components away from the bond directions are responsible for the negative expansion along the polymer chains, and contribute significantly to the expansion perpendicular to the chains; associated torques on the bonds have only a small effect, except at very low temperatures. The anisotropy of the expansion perpendicular to the chains results from a subtle interplay of thermal stress and elasticity. The results suggest that this anisotropy will be greatly reduced or even reversed at low temperatures. @S0163-1829~98!06437-6#


A brief local application of bradykinin (BK) induced an immediate outward current, followed by a sustained inward current. BK produced an increase of inositol 1, 4, 5-trisphosphate and diacylglycerol. These two intermediates can duplicate the outward and inward current, suggesting that they play as intracellular second messegers.


Abstract Aim: To present a group of young doctors from R. Macedonia who were elected as lecturers at the Faculty of Medicine (FM) in Skopje, R. Macedonia, in the period 1961-63. Method: A retrospective study based on archive materials, encyclopaedias and jubilee publications of the FM and Faculty of Dentistry in Skopje, other relevant sources of information, and a review of the relevant literature. Results: The Skopje FM was founded in 1947 and the first meeting of the Teachers' Council of the Faculty was held on March 17, 1947. The first generation of 153 students was enrolled in the autumn of 1947 and the first lecture was delivered on November 3, 1947. Besides 15 doctors from R. Macedonia - faculty staff, who had been appointed in the period from 1947-54, and a group of 24 lecturers from R. Macedonia who had been elected assistant professors in the period from 1955-60, an additional group of 17 Macedonian lecturers had been elected for the first time in the period from 1961-63. Those 56 pioneers and coryphaei of medicine in R. Macedonia played important roles in the establishing and/or initial and further development of a number of the faculty departments/chairs, institutes and clinics within the newly established FM in Skopje in 1947 and in the first 15-20 years of its initial development, until 1960s and later. Conclusion: The Skopje FM, founded in 1947, played a crucial role in the education of medical professionals, in improving the poor health status of the population and the overall further development of the health system and provision of health care to the population of R. Macedonia. The contribution of the third group of 17 lecturers from R. Macedonia in furthering the development of the Skopje FM, during the 1960s and later, was very important.


Introduction: Management of Budd-Chiari syndrome (BCS) includes different interventions and surgical procedures. There is limited data regarding catheterdirected thrombolysis when treating this condition but it appears to be helpful in the case illustrated below. Case report: A 29 year-old woman was referred to our center with one month history of right upper abdominal pain, progressive abdominal distension and intermittent fever not associated with rigors. There was no history of oral contraceptive use. She had mild right upper quadrant tenderness and abdominal distention with moderate elevation of liver enzymes. Her serology was negative for viral hepatitis, autoimmune or cholestatic liver disease. Computed tomography (CT) angiogram of the abdomen showed a large amount of ascites with extensive thrombosis of the inferior vena cava (IVC) involving the hepatic and left renal veins. There was also complete occlusion of the left common iliac vein confirmed by venogram. An infusion catheter was placed through the thrombosed segment of the IVC and right hepatic artery. Thrombolytic therapy was started with the injection of 5 mg of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) as a loading dose followed by 0.3 mg per hour. Enoxaparin and oral warfarin were started simultaneously and once the target INR was reached, enoxaparin was stopped and warfarin continued indefinitely. Ascites was well controlled with diuretics and large-volume paracentesis. A follow up venogram showed partial recanalization of IVC and hepatic veins. A repeat CT scan after 14 weeks showed complete resolution of the thrombus. After 28 months, she is asymptomatic with normal liver function tests and total resolution of the ascites. Conclusions: The data on local thrombolysis is limited and the agents and doses are not uniform among reported cases. This case report shows that it can be considered in acute BCS with partial obstruction, followed by angioplasty or TIPS if unsuccessful.


T H E existence of dust disease associated with the manufacture of flax has been known for a very long time. In 1700 Ramazzini wrote offlax: 'A foul mischievous powder entering the lungs by the mouth and throat, causes continual coughs and gradualIy makes way for asthma'. In flax factories at Leeds where a l3l-hour day was worked by women and children in very dusty humid environments, Thackrah (1832) described indigestion and gastritis, morning vomiting, chronic inflammation of the bronchial membrane, inflammation of the lungs and pulmonary consumption. In 1861 Greenhow reported that of the several processes carried on in flax mills, hackling, carding and line preparing were more or less unhealthy in proportion to the prevalence or suppression of dust. Several varieties of flax were then manufactured in Britain, the degree of dustiness depending both on the country of origin and the method of preparation. Apart from dyspepsia, Greenhow also mentioned the occurrence on occasion of epistaxis and more frequently haemoptysis. The operatives were more affected by the dust at the beginning of the week (Monday feeling) or on resuming employment after an interval of time. At a Pate1ey Bridge flax mill near Harrogate he found twenty-three out of twenty-seven hacklers 'habitualIy asthmatical, many of the older men with rounded shoulders, emaciated frames, prominent eyes and laborious wheezing respiration'. In 1876 C. D. Purdon and later H. S. Purdon (1903) both described similar distressing disabilities affecting flax workers in Northern Ireland. Arlidge (1892) considered that flax dust was more pernicious than any other textile dust except jute and hemp. Arlidge (1892) also described a condition referred to as 'mill fever' characterized by chills, nausea, vomiting, headache, thirst and temperature-a true febrile disorder affecting new workers in the first few days of employment in the manufacture of a variety of textiles. It was looked upon as a process of 'seasoning' which after 2 to 8 days disappeared spontaneously leaving patients weak and languid. In Belfast (Purdon, 1876) this reaction was thought to be the result of the smell of oil, together with the vapour and heat of the room. Thus, earlier workers distinguished two conditions associated with exposure to textile dust-mill fever, a transient influenza-like reaction occurring in many employees within a week of first starting work; and Monday feeling, which subsequent evidence has shown to be part of the syndrome of byssinosis.


Eleven isozymes of Penaeus vannamei Boone during early ontogeny were analyzed using the technique of polyacrylamide gradient gel electrophoresis. The results showed that enzymes of digesting proteins, lipases and carbohydrates existed in Penaeus vannamei Boone during the early ontogeny. EST was the most complicated isozyme and might be coded by at least 6 loci. GDH was weak and no R-AMY and Q-AMY were expressed during the early ontogeny. At the stage of nauplius, ALP, GDH, AMY and EST isozymes were weak or not expressed. ACP, MDH, ME, ADH and AMY isozymes changed complicatedly since the third mysis stage. AAT and LAP isozymes were stable and simple and other isozymes became complicated with development.


In this paper, an improved image segmentation method based on parametric active contour model of inter-region variance was proposed and successfully applied to image segmentation. This proposed model replaces constant force in the balloon parametric active contour model with variable force incorporating foreground and background two regions information. It guides curve to evolve with the criterion of the maximization inter-region variance of the foreground and background. Experimental results show that the proposed model is robustness to initial contours position whether it is inside the target region, or outside background region, or intersects with target and background region, and can segment image automatically.


Recently, Fialova and Strauch [3] calculated the asymptotic distribution function (adf) of the twodimensional sequence (φb(n), φb(n + 1))n≥0, where (φb(n))n≥0 denotes the van der Corput sequence in base b. In the present paper we solve the general problem asking for the limit distribution of (φb(n), φb(n+ 1), . . . , φb(n + s − 1))n≥0. We use the fact that the van der Corput sequence can be seen as the orbit of the origin under the ergodic von Neumann-Kakutani transformation.


Background and rationale. Reading stories telling stories is a familiar practice within primary education; furthermore there is recognition that stories are used within higher education. This study seeks to understand how storytelling within higher education contributes to the learning experience of early years students. It is anticipated that a deeper understanding of stories and storytelling in this context will lead to a greater appreciation of this resource and its enhanced use. Design/methods. A qualitative methodology was used. The participants included 45 early years students. All students involved in the study were employed as early years workers contributing to the care and education of children aged 0–5. Semi structured interviews and non-participant observations were completed to collect the data and thematic analysis was used in its interpretation. Findings. Participants saw multiple contributions of story and storytelling including the facilitation of learning, the enhancement of reflective practice and the reinforcement of professional/group culture. Story and storytelling provided opportunities for relaxation, entertainment and had a significant social impact. Certain activities encouraged storytelling and the most engaging stories were those that the listener could relate to


Before we go to the presentation of their experiences with education n. sympathicolaryngei inf., we will first give a description of the operation, experience and the method of histological examination of nerves after the experiment that we used. The preparation for the operation is the same as in the experiments with the c. sympathico-vago; the neurovascular bundle was found, usually on the right side, and in the middle of the neck it was isolated in. sympathicus; between the trachea and the esophagus, n was found in the groove. laryngeus inf. and was also released at a certain length from the surrounding tissues; temporary ligatures were brought under both nerves, pulling on which facilitated the suture; a thin needle with a silk thread was passed through the lateral edge of the nerves in order to traumatize them as little as possible, the nerves were darkly cut, and c. sympathicus was transferred to the tracheal bed; the ends of the nerves were treated in the same way as in the previous experiments; central branch in. laryngei inf. either just resected, or turned downwards, where it was sometimes sutured


In order to achieve reliable but cost-effective crash simulations of stamped parts, sheet-forming process effects were incorporated in simulations using the ideal forming theory mixed with the three-dimensional hybrid membrane and shell method, while the subsequent crash simulations were carried out using a dynamic explicit finite element code. Example solutions performed for forming and crash simulations of I- and S-shaped rails verified that the proposed approach is cost effective without sacrificing accuracy. The method required a significantly small amount of additional computation time, less than 3% for the specific examples, to incorporate sheet-forming effects into crash simulations. As for the constitutive equation, the combined isotropic-kinematic hardening law and the nonquadratic anisotropic yield stress potential as well as its conjugate strain-rate potential were used to describe the anisotropy of AA6111-T4 aluminum alloy sheets.


QF EC13 ,7° (The stunted complex projective spaces) if F = C, = Q°, 1 (T h e s tu n te d quaternionic quasi-projective space) if F = H. d = dim,F. U (n ) if F = C , GF(n)= Sp(n ) if F = H. T h is p a p e r is o rg a n iz e d a s follows : I n § 1 w e p re p a re t h e required preliminaries. In §2 w e state our results. In §3 we collect necessary lemmas for the proofs of the results in § 2 . § 4 is devoted to the proofs of lemmas in § 3 . In §5 we give the proofs of our resu lts. §6 consists of the corrections of my previous paper [M l] about the meta-stable homotopy groups of Sp(n). In §7 (Appendix) we give a necessary condition for the existence of the Hopf invariant one map.


public accounts, both established as recently as 1866, serve the house of commons in the capacity of watch dogs of expenditures. The functions of each of these institutions and their value in the British financial system are brought out with much clearness in the Willoughby-Willoughby-Lindsay report. But as has been stated, most detailed attention is bestowed on the treasury, and its day by day service as the general business manager and agent of parliament. The treasury is clearly distinguished both from the house of commons and from the various departments of state grouped about it at Whitehall. It is presented as a living institution. Its close supervision over policies and expenditures becomes vivid and actual in the Willoughby-Willoughby-Lindsay pages; and although there is nowhere a reference to the institution known at Westminster and Whitehall, and wherever expenditures of public money are made, as "the treasury conscience," the existence of this intangible but highly valuable factor in British administration economy is evident on many of these pages. The treasury conscience at Whitehall counts for much more than many Englishmen ever realize. But it is not a transplantable institution. I t has not invariably gone in the train of British institutions when they have been transplanted oversea. The treasury conscience for instance, has not yet permeated political and official life at Ottawa as it has long permeated political and official life at Westminster. Public opinion in England supports the treasury conscience. It is a factor that counts for economy and efficiency. It has admittedly helped in weeding out corruption, individual corruption and the corruption of constituencies through pork barrel appropriations; and the existence of these two beneficent forces—the treasury conscience and public opinion that demands what the treasury conscience stands for—have to be constantly kept in mind in reading Messrs. Willoughby, Willoughby and Lindsay's restrainedly expressed eulogies on the working of the system which they describe as "one of the most efficient that has been devised by any nation for the management of its national finances."


The utility model provides a polymer lithium-ion traction battery which comprises a shell, a positive pole terminal and a negative pole terminal, at least two sub battery cells, a first extension stem, and a second extension stem, wherein the terminals of the positive pole and the negative pole are arranged on the shell; the at least two battery cells are arranged at the interior of the shell; each sub battery cell is provided with a positive pole lug and a negative pole lug; the first extension stem and the second extension stem are positioned in the interior of the shell and electronically connected with the positive pole terminal and the negative pole terminal respectively; the positive pole lug of each sub battery cell is fixedly connected with the first extension stem; and the negative pole lug of each sub battery cell is fixedly connected with the second extension stem. Due to the adoption of the polymer lithium-ion traction battery, the problem of lug fracture caused by times of buckling during welded connection can be solved.


currently conducting another prospective study to monitor the trends of MRSA and to determine the presence of MDR. These results, together with the previous ones, will guide antimicrobial prescribing practice by our clinicians. MDR bacteria may be susceptible to the first-line antibiotics, but this was not apparent in our study. In vitro susceptibility results may not necessarily reflect what would happen in vivo. Our view is that when managing patients with severe infections due to MDR organisms, the first-line antibiotics should not be used in order to reduce morbidity and mortality that could be associated with life-threatening infections. In tertiary hospitals like ours or the authors', first-line antibiotics might not be the only option available for management of such cases, as suggested. Tonsillectomy practice in South Africa To the Editor: Tonsillectomy is a very common operation done by ENT surgeons and general practitioners in South Africa. Our impression is that the procedure and its peri-operative care vary greatly. We conducted a web-based survey (approved by the UCT ethics committee) to evaluate tonsillectomy practice among South African ENT surgeons and discuss the findings in relation to evidence-based practice from the literature. We report only on the controversial and interesting aspects. Ninety-three surgeons (27% of the ENT surgeons in active practice in South Africa) completed the survey, of whom 65 were in private practice. Method of tonsillectomy. Sixty per cent of both public and state surgeons remove tonsils by conventional cold steel dissection, which has a lower bleeding rate than more recent techniques such as coblation and bipolar dissection. 1


Within the higher education sector, the current focus is on graduate outcomes and the development of threshold learning outcomes for the various disciplines, including mathematics and statistics. We ask the question, how can these outcomes be demonstrated through the assessment of units of study students undertake as part of their undergraduate program? Our study focusses on the types of assessment used across Australia, using a web search methodology to analyse information publically available on the institutions' websites. The findings confirm that mathematics and statistics students in Australia are still largely assessed through closed book in-semester tests and final examinations, and in-semester assignments, contributing 70% and 30% respectively to the final grade of their units of study. Our results broadly match those of a similar study done in the UK, with some differences, particularly in the percentage contribution of closed book assessment to final grade in statistical units and across year levels. Finally, implications of assessment practices for certification of student achievements are discussed.


The origins of "Mudejarismo" in the kingdom of Leon-Castile after Alfonso VI have been obviated by scholars, who have preferred to focus on the more abundant sources dealing with 14th and 15th century Muslims in Castile. This paper will focus on the three groups of Muslims considered by royal legal codes: free Muslims, later known as Mudejars; Muslim slave workers or captives, and Muslim converts. The changes in status of Muslims conquered at the time, which contributed to create the flourishing Castilian aljamas of the Late Middle Ages, are revealed in royal law codes and records from Spanish archives.


A key organizational barrier related to the implementation of open innovation strategies refers to the unwillingness of employees to undertake extra-organizational knowledge transactions. Negative att


The article presents the rationale for the using of innovative teaching methods, including future educational psychologists. The high rate of information aging makes their application actual. The author presents the experience of the Department of Social and Pedagogical Psychology of the Francisk Skorina Gomel State University and reveals the essence of creative-project activity through the activity of the laboratory of applied psychology and the student research laboratory «Alliance». Scientific, educational, methodical, social and volunteer projects that are implemented at the university both in academic groups and in dormitories, in other organizations and institutions of the city and region allow organizing additional professional training and expanding the range of formed professional competencies of future educational psychologists, prepare them for future professional activities. In the course of participation in projects, students get the opportunity to master psychotechnology, various forms of work with various social groups, including with vulnerable groups of the population in psychoeducation, prevention, diagnosis, counseling, correction of various psychological problems of the individual, to carry out psychological and pedagogical support for the target requests. Future psychologists, as representatives of the helping profession, have the opportunity, at the stage of primary professional development, to be involved in direct social contacts with wards, to learn and develop through direct contact, despite the active using of electronic learning tools, which allows maintaining an optimal balance of the social and digital environment. Through work in preventive, adaptation, volunteer and scientific and methodical projects, opportunities arise for start- ups and entrepreneurial initiatives, close ties are formed with various institutions and organizations, which in turn makes it possible to strengthen practice-oriented learning. The effectiveness of projects by the student research laboratory «Alliance» through the using of innovative methods of teaching future educational psychologists contributes to the transformation of the models «University 2.0», «University 3.0» into the model «University 4.0», in which the projective and creative activity of the university forms and defines the socio-cultural environment region.


We present a study of the Hα line emission from a sample of 1482 optically selected, morphologically classified bright galaxies (median redshift of 0.05) derived from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. The luminosity function is calculated for each morphological class and for the total sample. The luminosity function fitted with the Schechter form gives a slope α = -1.43 ± 0.10 for the total sample, and the Hα luminosity density is 10h ergs s-1 Mpc-3, where the first error is statistical and the second is systematic. This value is consistent with that derived by Gallego et al. in 1995, but this agreement is caused by a fortuitous cancellation of their neglect of stellar absorption that affects the estimate of extinction corrections and a significant sample incompleteness of emission-line galaxies. The fraction of Hα emitters monotonically increases from early (a few percent for elliptical galaxies) to late types (100% for irregular galaxies), whereas strong emitters exist in all classes of morphological types. We find that 83% of the luminosity density comes from spiral galaxies, 5% from irregular galaxies, and 9% from early-type galaxies; a small number of morphologically disturbed galaxies contribute by 3%.


Thomas Willis was born in 1621, received his classical education and then medical degree from Oxford in 1646, became a highly successful and prosperous physician, and, in 1660, was appointed Professor of Natural Philosophy at the University of Oxford.1 Although at that time there were no neurologists as such, he coined the word neurology in his Cerebri Anatome :2

"We should deliver an exact neurology, or doctrine of the nerves" and "without the perfect knowledge of the nerves the doctrine of the brain and its appendix would be left wholly lame and imperfect."

Of course, his pharmacopoeia was primitive in the extreme and he had no reliable way of proving that any treatment interventions worked, unless they had a very obvious and immediate effect. But these days we have the most remarkable tool to evaluate our interventions, the randomized controlled trial, although it is not yet 60 years since the first trial in the modern era was published in the BMJ on October 30, 1948, of streptomycin for pulmonary tuberculosis3 (Figure 1). It was conducted in the UK just after World War II when the supply of the antibiotic was so limited that Austin Bradford Hill, the statistician, was able to persuade clinicians to use randomization between the new treatment and control as a form of fair rationing and to construct 2 groups of patients who were so similar in their prognosis at baseline that any definite difference in their outcome must be because of the new treatment.

Figure 1. The title page of the trial of streptomycin from BMJ in 1948 (with permission).

And in the past 3 decades we have had another tool, meta-analysis, largely developed in Oxford by Richard Peto the statistician and Iain Chalmers who devised the Cochrane Library, and in the US …


Discussions of David Hume's political thoughts,especially those of Adam Smith,tend to focus on freedom,right and democracy,but overlook authority,obligation and responsibility to some extent.In fact,not only Hume but also Smith had made comprehensive study of the latter and brought about enlightenment and inspiration to our ideological system.That is to say,with respect to the liberal,democratic and constitutional system,they highlighted the importance of political authority and political obligation,and elaborated extensively on the two groups of thoughts and concepts.They criticized the contract theorists' viewpoints that political authority was originated voluntarily and political obligation from promise.Therefore,they regarded the legitimacy of political authority as "rights principle" and "utilitarian principle",and emphasized that citizens should have self-identity,responsibility and loyalty towards their public power under the premise of "mutual obligation".


Fusarium pseudograminearum sp. nov., formally known as F graminearum Group 1, is described and illustrated. Fusarium pseudograminearum can be distinguished from F graminearum based on difference in colony growth rates, region of conidia with greatest width, different reactions to near-ultraviolet black-light-blue light concerning the length of 3and 5-septate conidia, and absence of homothallic production of perithecia. Maximum parsimony analysis of D A sequences from the ~-tubulin gene introns and exons indicate that F pseudograminearum represents a phylogenetically distinct species that is a sister group to a F graminearum-F lunulosporum-F culmorum clade. D A sequence data from the translation elongation factor gene were used to develop a polymerase chain reaction primer pair which specifically amplified D A from all isolates of Fusarium pseudograminearum tested.


In view of the characteristics of the interior design on the great difficulty in the design layout and relative complexity of the layout, a kind of interior design method based on the virtual reality technology is put forward. Firstly, three-dimensional space segmentation is carried out on the interior design space, and the virtual reality technology is used to make adjustment to the unplanned three-dimensional space in a way so that the integrity of the interior design can be improved. At the same time, the computer aided technology is used to reduce the variegated color generated in the layout of the interior design so that the interior design effect in the three-dimensional space can be improved. The experimental results show that the method can preserve the overall richness of the interior design layout relatively well. At the same time, it can also achieve relatively good interior design by using the virtual reality technology locally.


Donald Drysdale CA, freelance author and Series Editor at ICAS Partner* Bloomsbury Professional, asks - do you know the new tax authority's rights, duties and powers?


History of amputation surgery and prosthetics the choice between limb salvage and amputation planning for optimal function in amputation surgery the upper limb kinesiology and functional characteristics of the upper limb upper limb prosthetics partial hand amputation wrist articulation and transradial amputation elbow disarticulation and transhumeral amputation shoulder disarticulation and forequarter amputation adult upper limb prosthetic training the lower limb.


In order to understand the distribution of the soil macro-fauna in the different greenbelts from March to May,2009,soil animal communities from 4 greenbelts in Zhoukou City were investigated.We collected the soil macro-fauna by the hand-sorting method.A total of 927 soil animals were captured and identified in the experiment,which belong to 3 phyla.7 classes and 14 orders.The results showed that Stylommatophora、Lumbricide and Hymenoptera were dominant species,accounting for 12.08%,21.25% and 22.87% of the total capture respectively.The common groups were Homoptera.Araneae,and Coleoptera larvae,accounting for 8.85%.7.12% and 6.80% respectively.The rest was rare species.the diversity index was Nursery greenbeltDefend greenbeltPark greenbeltRoad greenbelt,but the dominant communities and common group animals were different in different sample plots.The vertical distribution of soil macro-fauna had obvious surface assembly.The facts illustrated that environments which had less anthropogenic interference factors had more quantities and groups of soil animals.


A method and an apparatus for transceiving downlink SCHs in a cellular wireless communication system supporting scalable bandwidth are provided to apply an SCH time mapping structure to TDD(Time Division Duplex) and FDD(Frequency Division Duplex) systems in common, support handover between different cells and inter-RAT(Radio Access Technology) handover in the system, and transmit all SCHs by downlink timeslots in the TDD system constantly. A method for transceiving downlink SCHs(Synchronization Channels) in a cellular wireless communication system comprises the following steps of: determining whether to arrive at a predetermined frame for the transmission of the SCHs, wherein the frame is comprised of plural TTIs(Transmission Time Intervals), and each TTI is comprised of first and second sub frames(701); mapping a first SCH sequence used in the acquisition of downlink synchronization and the acquisition of a cell ID(IDentifier) to the center subcarriers of a system band in the first sub frame of a first TTI predetermined out of the plural TTIs when SCH signals arrive at the predetermined frame and transmitting the mapped center subcarriers(702); mapping a second SCH sequence to the center subcarriers of both half bands constructing the system band in the second sub frame of the first TTI and transmitting the mapped center subcarriers(703); mapping the first SCH sequence to the center subcarriers of the system band in the first sub frame of a second TTI within the frame away from a time interval predetermined from the first TTI and transmitting the mapped center subcarriers(704); and mapping the second SCH sequence to the center subcarriers of the both half bands in the second sub frame of the second TTI and transmitting the mapped center subcarriers(705).


Sensitive data have to be communicated via secure channels generally set up by using cryptography. This needs an authentic key exchange, which in turn requires an authentication process. However, the Internet of Things (IoT) includes its own challenges and security requirements. This paper introduces a novel signature algorithm and handshake protocol combining a zero-knowledge proof method being based on the graph isomorphism problem with an identity-based scheme to provide authentication with integrated key exchange while meeting the IoT challenges and security requirements. Our approach applies a way to parallelly perform multiple rounds usually needed by zero-knowledge proofs while retaining the same security level. Moreover, we present a graph compression algorithm providing a compression ratio of up to ca. 7:1. Our handshake protocol is resistant to active man in the middle attacks and does not require any public data pre-distribution or secret pre-sharing. Additionally, no third party has to hold any device-specific authentication data. Furthermore, our approach is application-independent and does not require any additional components or procedures. This paper also evaluates the high performance of our approach with regard to multiple affecting factors.


Worldwide, there is a trend towards an increase in the number of patients waiting for liver transplantation, despite an increase in the total number of liver transplantation operations. Solving the problem of donor organ shortage is possible through the use of organs from marginal donors: organs removed after cardiac arrest, organs with a high percentage of steatosis, organs from donors over the age of 60 years. The main reason for refusing to use them is the risk of severe complications and an unfavorable outcome of the operation. Static cold preservation today is the main method of protecting donor organs from thermal damage, which possesses rather effective protective properties. At the same time, the duration of cold preservation has a limited time interval. There is always uncertainty about the viability of the organ. Modern methods for assessing donor organs such as donor history, laboratory data, visual examination and morphology, do not reliably predict liver function after transplantation. In this regard, the development of methods for preserving the organ after removing, which do not degrade the quality of the organ or even are capable of restoring the lost functions, is relevant. The machine perfusion of the liver is one of the new concepts aimed at solving this problem. The article highlights the international experience of using the machine perfusion of the donor liver over the past 15 years. Machine perfusion is a promising trend of transplantation development, which allows reducing the shortage of donor organs and improving their quality.


New biologic drugs such as proteins and nucleic acids require novel delivery technologies that will minimize side effects and lead to better patient compliance. Hence, various research using Nanoparticle as carrier has been done for the delivery of gene, drug, photo acoustic imaging and LASER induced photo thermal therapy. In our research, we have studied the delivery of an enzyme using nanoparticles as a carrier in microorganism. The enzyme which is capable of cleaving the peptides is made inactive by inhibitors present inside the cell. But we have studied that the enzyme can be made resistive by coating with nanoparticles. The action of this enzyme has been analyzed on a specific enzyme. It has been selected as target because one enzyme can't cleave other enzyme in active form but its peptides can be cleaved inside the cell alone. In this study, we have used complex system of an enzyme and nanoparticles to cleave the enzyme inside the cell which shows the successful delivery of the protein. In addition, by combining with nanoparticles, the intracellular stability of the enzyme can be maintained. These results suggest that a protein or drug can be conjugated with nanoparticles against a specific disease.


Nanobiotechnogy has been developed to synthesized copper oxide nanoparticle. This was carried out biologically using leaf extract of Psidium guajava as a reducing and stabilizing agent. Optical property showed a color change from dark brown to gold- yellow after the addition of leaf extract. The possible functional group in the plant extract responsible for the reduction of CuONps was identified as belonging to alkyl halide group by FT-IR analysis. UV- visible spectra of copper oxide nanoparticle showed a surface plasmon resonance peak at 390nm. The biologically synthesized copper nanoparticles were tested for antibacterial activity against two human pathogens viz, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Biosynthesized copper nanoparticle showed clear zone of inhibition or better activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus.


Although many devastated European cities have been studied, the bombing and reconstruction of key industrial sites and certain suburban residential zones in greater Paris have received little scholarly attention. Using archival sources, this article explores both destruction and reconstruction, and traces how homeless families shared apartments or endured years of 'temporary' accommodation in huts and other shelters. Post‐war economic planning in France privileged the restoration of industrial and commercial sites; rebuilding of housing by the state, by housing co‐operatives and by individual property owners received less support and progressed far more slowly. Today, the visual legacy of reconstruction is easily confused with that of completely new post‐war apartments; however its origin, if not its architecture, is distinctively different and merits recognition in its own right.


2. Federal Equal Protection Claims 3. State Constitutional Claims B. Legislative Strategies II. Evaluating the Goal in Light of Gideon's Flaws III. Foundations for Civil Ineffectiveness of Counsel Claims IV. Alternatives to Strickland for a Civil Right to Counsel A. Principles and Policy Goals B. The Fundamental-Fairness Approach С Preand Posi-Strickland Alternatives in the Criminal Context Conclusion


SUMMARY The self-association of SH-κ-casein at pH 7·0 in 0·01 m-EDTA, 0·001 m-dithiothreitol buffer, containing 0·1, 0·2, 0·5 or 1·0 m-NaCl is of a monomer–polymer type. The polymer is a spherical particle, diam. 23 nm and mol. wt 570000 (30 monomers). These parameters are not greatly influenced by variations in ionic strength above 0·1. The critical micelle concentration, which is a property of a monomer–polymer equilibrium, decreases with increasing ionic strength. The standard free energy of association is about – 36 kJ/mol. monomer at 20 °C.


The kinetics and mechanism by which monochloramine is reduced by hydroxylamine in aqueous solution over the pH range of 5–8 are reported. The reaction proceeds via two different mechanisms depending upon whether the hydroxylamine is protonated or unprotonated. When the hydroxylamine is protonated, the reaction stoichiometry is 1:1. The reaction stoichiometry becomes 3:1 (hydroxylamine:monochloramine) when the hydroxylamine is unprotonated. The principle products under both conditions are Cl–, NH+4, and N2O. The rate law is given by −[d[NH2Cl]/dt] = k+[NH3OH+][NH2Cl] + k0[NH2OH][NH2Cl]. At an ionic strength of 1.2 M, at 25°C, and under pseudo-first-order conditions, k+= (1.03 ± 0.06) ×103 L · mol−1 · s−1 and k0=91 ± 15 L · mol−1 · s−1. Isotopic studies demonstrate that both nitrogen atoms in the N2O come from the NH2OH/NH3OH+. Activation parameters for the reaction determined at pH 5.1 and 8.0 at an ionic strength of 1.2 M were found to be ΔH‡ = 36 ± 3 kJ · mol–1 and Δ S‡ = −66 ± 9 J · K−1 · mol−1, and Δ H‡ = 12 ± 2 kJ · mol−1 and Δ S‡ = −168 ± 6 J · K−1 · mol−1, respectively, and confirm that the transition states are significantly different for the two reaction pathways. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 38: 124–135, 2006


In this article, an attempt has been made to experimentally investigate the synergistic effect of organically modified montmorillonite (OMMT) nanoclay and short carbon fibers (SCFs) on the tribological behaviour of additively manufactured Polyethylene Terephthalate Glycol (PETG) based nanocomposites. The tribo-specimens are 3D printed using fused deposition modelling (FDM). The tribological properties, that is, specific wear rate (SWR) and coefficient of friction (CoF) of various PETG/SCF/OMMT nanocomposites were assessed by performing dry-sliding wear test. In addition, an artificial neural network (ANN) methodology is proposed to accurately predict the wear performance of PETG nanocomposites. The ANN model is trained using the datasets obtained from the experimentation. For the training of the ANN model, the Levenberg–Marquardt optimisation algorithm with 10 neurons along with a tangent sigmoid activation function is utilised. Additional experimentation was performed for arbitrary load and sliding velocity which were not used for training the ANN model and the results were compared to assess the predictive capability of the ANN model on unseen data. The proposed ANN methodology predicted the SWR and CoF with agreeable accuracy. It is believed that by adopting the proposed ANN methodology, the experimentation costs and time can be significantly reduced without compromising on the accuracy of the results.


Objective To explore the general pattern and characteristics of adverse drug reaction(ADR) induced by Xiyanping injection so as to provide references for clinical rational drug use.Methods A statistical analysis was retrospectively investigated on 109 Xiyanping injection-induced ADR case reported in domestic medical journals.Results ADR of Xiyanping injection were mostly occur in the 10 group.They usually occurred in the first 30 minutes after taking the drug.The main ADR of Xiyanping injection was in the Allergic reaction.The mortality rate is 0.92%.Conclusion Doctors and pharmacists should know the pattern and characteristics of ADR,and the use of Xiyanping injection should be under strict monitoring to reduce the occur of serious ADR.


Oral anticoagulant therapy (OAT) has been used for more than half a century in the management and prevention of thromoembolic disorders. Due to somewhat awkward phenomena accompanying anticoagulant therapy during dental-surgical interventions, dentists have to be well acquainted with the characteristics of the therapy and the measures to be undertaken in the management of patients on OAT. This paper aims to present a short overview of the procedures and measures to be undertaken by a dentist in the management of patients on OAT. Acta Medica Medianae 2013;52(1):48-51.


Embodiment of the present invention discloses a method and system for document sharing, apparatus for sharing documents between the conference system speaker client and the server and client participants. Examples of the embodiment of the present invention the document into at least one page is cached in the client speaker, the method comprising: receiving a page notification message, the notification page identification value contained in the page message, the client speaker identity value using a digest algorithm summary information page; according to the identification value, it is determined whether a page corresponding to a value stored identification; identification value stored in the absence of the corresponding page, the corresponding page download identifier value, such that when the identification value corresponding to the saved page, does not require for page download, can effectively save bandwidth.


The nematode worm Caenorhabditis elegans is a major model organism for studies in genetics, cell biology, neurobiology, and development. The use of C. elegans as a model organism began in the 1950s. The cellular basis of the development and neuroanatomy of C. elegans have been described in detail. Studies of C. elegans have elucidated the genetic basis of apoptotic cell death, axon guidance, aging, and RNA interference. The C. elegans genome is one of the smallest known for any animal and was the first animal genome to be completely sequenced. The number of genes in the worm genome is comparable to that of other larger animals, suggesting that although C. elegans is small, it has comparable biological complexity to other animals. The functions of most C. elegans genes are not known. C. elegans is well suited to both forward and reverse genetic manipulations of the genome. Postgenomic studies are continuing to explore the biological complexity of C. elegans .

Keywords:

Holocentric, Holokinetic;
Systemic RNAi


Petri nets is a formal protocol method. Using an extended Petri net mode- predication /action net (Pr-Ac-N) propesed by R. M. Keller, this paper gives the formal specification of the HDLC balance-mode proceduce, analyses and verifies various properties of HDLO in normal states and the recoverability from the abnormal states by means of Linear Invariants (LI) and Token Machines (TM).


Photoprint refers to "printed matter duplicatthe original by taking photos or by other scientific methods." As indicated by the predicate "to duplicate," photoprint must be "printed matter thatis created just like the original." In other words, it can be considered photoprint only if it is pro...


Controlled burning is an essential tool for restoration and management of Pinus palustris (Longleaf Pine) habitats, yet effects of controlled burning on insect species, including pollinators, are rarely considered in conservation planning. We used blue vane traps to sample native bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) at recently burned and unburned sites in 2 Longleaf Pine upland forests in Mississippi and Louisiana. Our objective was to quantify short-term effects of controlled burns given fire-return intervals of 1–2 years are now regularly employed to manage Longleaf Pine woodlands. We sampled during 2016 and 2017 and collected 1777 native bees, representing 43 species. Recent fire was found to have no clear effect on species composition, richness, or community structure. Overall, bee communities from burned and unburned sites were similar. Even the community collected from a site that had remained unburned for 8 years was only marginally different from the others. These results suggest that native bee communities may be resilient to low intensity burns.


Limitation of Operation time in recent electric plasma thrusters leads to difficulty of deep space exploration e.g., the Jupiter and further away, since these thrusters have electrodes to generate and accelerate a plasma, causing wear of the electrodes and contamination of them. As one of the solutions, we have been studying on Rotating Magnetic Field (RMF) acceleration method under the Helicon Electrodeless Advanced Thruster (HEAT) project. Here, we use two sets of opposing coils as RMF generation antennas, and apply AC current to them by 90 deg. phase difference. We have changed operation parameters, e.g., rf power, gas flow rate, RMF current, and RMF current frequency to investigate the optimal operation condition. In addition, 2D measurements of ion velocity and electron density have been conducted to examine spatial plasma acceleration effect and the acceleration mechanisms.


With the rapid development of space industry in China, the configuration of spacecrafts becomes increasingly complex. During the process of the assembly of spacecrafts, such problems as narrow operation space, complex assembly path, and multiple work coupling operations are often encountered. The conditions are not suitable for the trial of the tooling, thus a strict requirement for the design of the tooling is highly demanded. This paper takes a certain model under a specific working condition as an example. By the sequence of the preliminary design of tooling configuration, JACK human factors simulation, iterative optimization of configuration design, tooling simulation application, and practical application in field, the development of tooling can be realized from beginning to end through this tooling development mode. Consequently, the assembly task of the specific model can be carried out successfully.


8107 Background: 5FU can cause cardiac toxicity as a result of induced coronary artery spasm. This risk appears to be amplified in patients with histories of coronary artery disease. Coronary vasospasm manifests as ST segment elevations during continuous ECG monitoring. The incidence of reported cardiac events has varied from less than 1% to as high as 8%. In the absence of established evidence-based guidelines, management practices vary. At our center selected patients felt to be at high risk have been prophylactically admitted to receive 5FU with inpatient telemetry monitoring. We now report a retrospective analysis of this practice. Our objectives were (1) to evaluate the incidence of cardiac events in high-risk patients admitted for telemetry during 5FU administration, and (2) to determine the utility of telemetry as a guide for coronary vasospasm in patients with cardiac risk.

METHODS
A retrospective chart review was conducted using the database at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center to identify patients who received concurrent 5FU and telemetry as an inpatient between 10/93 and 1/03. Cardiac events were considered to be the development of any symptoms or telemetric ST changes consistent with vasospasm.

RESULTS
A total of 88 patients comprising of 463 telemetry days were evaluated. 82/88 (93%) patients had either 1 or more cardiac risk factors or a history of an arrhythmia or abnormal ECG. 3 patients were admitted for advanced age and 3 had no clearly identifiable risk factors. Of 88 patients, 4 patients (CI 1.2%-11.2%) developed chest pain while receiving 5FU. There were no patients in whom telemetric ST changes consistent with coronary vasospasm were found (CI 0-4.1%). In total, there were 0 events attributable to vasospasm in 463 telemetry days (CI 0-0.01 events/day) that were picked up by telemetry.

CONCLUSIONS
Over a 10 year period, there were no patients in whom telemetry monitoring led to the detection of coronary vasospasm in selected high risk patients. Our experience does not support the routine use of elective telemetric monitoring in patients with significant cardiac risk factors receiving 5FU. No significant financial relationships to disclose.


Abstract : The reliability of a system is the probability that the system will survive or complete an intended mission of certain duration. Describing all possible ways that a system can survive a mission in reliability shorthand gives a simple approach to reliability computations. Reliability computation for a system defined by shorthand notation is greatly dependent upon the convolution problem. Assuming constant component failure rates, this paper presents an analytical approach and a computer program for computing the reliability of any convolution of independent and exponentially distributed random variables. Keywords include: Exponential Distribution, System Reliability, Convolutions, Hypo-Exponential Distribution.


An innovative approach is proposed to construct a WENO (Weighted Essentially Non-Oscillatory) scheme by using a hybrid power-exponential polynomial interpolation. As a result, the Taylor series expansions of the weight functions around the smooth regions can be analytically determined. These Taylor expansions can be used to improve the accuracy of a WENO scheme. Preliminary numerical result is very promising.


LAG3 shedding from conventional CD4+ T cells drives responsiveness to anti-PD1 immunotherapy (see the related Focus by Seidel and Bengsch). Lending PD1 a helping hand LAG3 is an inhibitory receptor expressed on exhausted T cells that is thought to temper T cell activation by engaging peptide–MHC class II complexes. Here, Andrews et al. have engineered mice expressing a noncleavable form of LAG3 (LAG3NC) that cannot be shed from the cell surface by ADAM family proteases. By generating mouse strains that express LAG3NC ion-distinct T cell types, they found that LAG3 shedding by conventional CD4+ T cells rather than T regulatory cells (Tregs) or CD8+ T cells to be important for driving responsiveness to anti-PD1. Although both CD8+ T cells and Tregs have received considerable attention in the context of immunotherapy, this study highlights the importance of T cell help in promoting antitumor immunity. Mechanisms of resistance to cancer immunotherapy remain poorly understood. Lymphocyte activation gene–3 (LAG3) signaling is regulated by a disintegrin and metalloprotease domain-containing protein–10 (ADAM10)– and ADAM17-mediated cell surface shedding. Here, we show that mice expressing a metalloprotease-resistant, noncleavable LAG3 mutant (LAG3NC) are resistant to PD1 blockade and fail to mount an effective antitumor immune response. Expression of LAG3NC intrinsically perturbs CD4+ T conventional cells (Tconvs), limiting their capacity to provide CD8+ T cell help. Furthermore, the translational relevance for these observations is highlighted with an inverse correlation between high LAG3 and low ADAM10 expression on CD4+ Tconvs in the peripheral blood of patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, which corresponded with poor prognosis. This correlation was also observed in a cohort of patients with skin cancers and was associated with increased disease progression after standard-of-care immunotherapy. These data suggest that subtle changes in LAG3 inhibitory receptor signaling can act as a resistance mechanism with a substantive effect on patient responsiveness to immunotherapy.


Objective The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between homocysteine tHcy level and prognosis of first-onset stroke in Chinese people.Methods One hundred ninety six patients with first-onset ischemic stroke and ninety five patients with first-onset hemorrhagic stroke were collected,and their plasma tHcy concentration was detected by high performance liquid chromatography method with fluorescence detection.The patients received a 5-year follow-up.Results The probability of death or new vascular events in the patients with high tHcy level (≥18μmol/L) was higher significantly than that in the patients with lower tHcy level (18μmol/L) (50.9% and 28.7%,respectively,P=0.004) in patients with ischemic stroke,and the relative risk of death or new vascular events was 2.363 (95% CI,1.209 to 4.617,P=0.012).The increased tHcy level was significantly associated with the risk of death or new vascular events (OR,2.492,95% CI,1.148 to 5.407,P=0.021) even adjusted for other risk factors at inclusion in patients with ischemic stroke.However,in the patients with hemorrhagic stroke,there was no significant difference in probability of death or new vascular events between patients with high tHcy level and those with lower tHcy level.Conclusion Increased tHcy level was an independent risk factor for the worse outcome in patients with first-onset ischemic stroke,but not in patients with hemorrhagic stroke.


SINCE the science of folk literature came into being, India has been one of the main sources of its subject matter. As it became known in the last century, the wealth and colourfulness of Indian folk literature and the very age of its sources overwhelmed the Western centres of scholarship. The first to pay attention to the lore of the simple folk in India were the well-educated British ladies and gentlemen of the colonial adminstration in the last quarter of the 19th century and the first quarter of this century. Indian intellectuals joined this stream later and in smaller numbers. That is the very period during which the collecting of popular antiquities and folklore blossomed in England and on the Continent, borne by the wave of the romantic and nationalistic trends and movements. While, however, the tide of 19thcentury nationalism brought with it the development of the main social and academic tools and institutions (associations, archives, museums, publishing enterprises, university chairs) for folklore research in Europe, India did not join in. The rising Indian modern national consciousness had no need to seek support by reference to its folk culture. Like the Greek and Jewish national movements, the Indian movement could build on its extremely rich national classical heritage, featuring great works in all arts and humanities, a basis which the young, just awakening European nations could not boast of. In India, the interest in folk culture arose mainly after attaining national statehood. The interest developed from two directions: anthropologists trained in part abroad (first in England, and after independence, mainly in the U.S.A.) included in their interests also folk literature of the tribes they happened to investigate;' this, however, did not usually include an interest in the folk literature of the main Hindu groups. The interest in these groups was to be developed by philologists and linguists. A decade and a half after the attaining of independence, Upadhyaya's review2 had still to report only of collecting activities, made by both native philologists and by foreign missionaries and colonial officials. The first systematizations of Indian folk literature, ancient and modern, came from the West.3 The attitude changed rapidly in recent years. The beginning of an independent interest in folk literature as such in the Indian public is signalled by the publication by a private publisher of the impressive series of 21 volumes of folktales, each from a different province of India.4 And now, new people are coming to the Indian scholarly scene. As in the West, the main impetus has come from linguistics. Under the patronage of linguistic institutions, folklore institutions and publications begin to appear, and linguistically trained scholars turn to the investigation of folk literature.5 From being a side-concern of philologists and anthropologists, the investigation of folk literature develops into an independent field. Collection for the sake of preservation is now being coupled with the search for understanding, a turn towards theory. As with most countries, developed and developing, the theory is being taken over from the few


The most promising way to reduce maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality and also obstetric aggression is a preliminary forecasting of adverse perinatal outcomes, i.e., an assessment of a perspective perinatal risk. Object: to estimate the role of perinatal risk factors in the forecasting of delayed abdominal delivery. We found that increase of perinatal risk factor in delayed abdominal delivery occurs during the whole pregnancy, but 3d trimester's complications make the greatest contribution.


J 7 The marks 'M.l4.21' refer to object 21 from grave M.l4 in the Osiris temenos at Abydos. See Petrie, Abydos, I, pls.XXXIX and XLVIII. J 12 and J 14 are Roman, second to third centuries AD. J 29 This hand-made and pebble-burnished bowl is certainly Predynastic; probably the number 1403 refers to a grave at Naqada. J 43 Despite the poor illustration, this object can be identified as an Old Kingdom collar-vase. The mark 2o/3s looks like one of Brunton's excavation numbers from Qau; the fact that no grave 35 appears in Brunton's registers may mean that the figures were only part of a larger number. K 8 These are later than the 'Late Ptolemaic' date given in the entry; they must be second-third century AD at least. L 3 The photograph is inverted. The interpretation of the inscription is incorrect. It should read: 'Recitation by Hathor, Mistress of Imau (i.e. Kom el-Hisn) given all life'. This is followed by the name of the dedicator, 'the rnp-priest, Akhpet'. (See H. de Meulenaere, BIFAO 62 (1964), 151-171. I owe this reference to Dr. J. Malek). L 4 L 5 are more likely to be Ptolemaic than Roman. L 9 It is odd that the only bibliographic reference on this piece should be to a sale catalogue. Surely there should have been a reference to the details of the Hatshepsut foundation deposits in PM, II 2 , 368-9, and to the drawings in Naville, Dsir el-Bahari, VI, pl.CLXVIII. One wonders why the old rendering 'Seserui' is used here for Djeser-djeseru.


Today's graduating students enter a fundamentally different world than that of any of their predecessors. Born for the most part after the Internet had achieved widespread diffusion, they seek to find their place and make their mark in a time of sustained turbulence. The fundamental nature of economic activity has been transformed into what can be characterized as an age of flux, ambiguity and discontinuity. In such an age, concepts such as stability, predictability and control become elusive if not completely unattainable. This dynamic environment can be described in terms of four powerful forces: change, complexity, chaos and contradiction (Hitt and Read, 2000). The exponential speed of change creates unprecedented pressures on individuals and organizations. The result is often more than changes in the rules of the game; the game itself is different. Complexity is another critical force and results from change originating from multiple directions at differing velocities, yet simultaneously. The changes occurring in any one area (for example, the technological environment) interact with changes in other areas (for example, the social environment). Chaos, the third critical force, implies disorder, turmoil, surprise and nonlinear patterns as things unfold or emerge. Chaos theory suggests that small changes or shocks to the system can have a major impact. There is sensitive dependence on initial conditions, which means that causality between one business variable and another is difficult to establish or understand. Further, the scale effects of change are largely unpredictable. Finally, today's environment is filled with many contradictions, and dealing with paradox becomes a critical aspect of prospering in the new competitive landscape. Today we must embrace contradiction by often replacing or with and. For instance, quality can be higher and operating costs can be lower. Firms must innovate and operate with less risk. There needs to be greater autonomy and a sense of control. All of this points to what Grove (1999) called a 'strategic inflection point'. An inflection point occurs when the old strategic picture dissolves and gives way to the new, allowing those who are more adaptive and


Based on the method of stationary-phase and the mathematic techniques, analytical expressions for the TE and TM terms of an apertured circular flattened Gaussian beam (CFGB) in the far-field have been derived without any approximation, which allows one to calculate the energy flux distributions of the TE term, the TM term, and the apertured CFGB. The analytical formulae of the power of the TE term, the TM term, and the apertured CFGB are also presented. The vectorial structural properties of the far-field of an apertured CFGB are demonstrated. The influences of the f -parameter, the truncation parameter, and the parameter N on the energy flux distributions of the TE term, the TM term, and the apertured CFGB are examined. Also, the effects of the f -parameter, the truncation parameter, and the parameter N on the ratios of the power of the TE and TM terms to the power of the apertured CFGB are investigated.


Lena-Karin Erlandsson Invited by occupational therapy's matriarchs, such as Ulla Runge in Denmark and Ulla Kroksmark in Sweden, Betty Yerxa and Florence Clark from the USC introduced the concepts of occupational science to Scandinavia in the early 1990s. In the years that followed, Nordic networking developed occupational science as a research field and core element in the curricula for many occupational therapy programmes. Similar trends were seen in other European countries. An account of the emergence of occupational science in a non-English speaking country, in this case Austria, is presented in this issue. The article includes two parts; i) the historical, social and institutional context of occupational science in Austria; and ii) how epistemological and methodological traditions in an interdisciplinary team were negotiated to develop a project on gender, occupational balance and immunology (Prodinger & Stamm). An important milestone for Europe was reached in 2008, when Gaynor Sadlo was appointed Professor of Occupational Science at the University of Brighton. As of today, occupational science research is ongoing in several European countries, as reflected by the spread of authors featured in this issue of the Journal of Occupational Science.


This paper explores the links between the practice of Infant Observation as a mode of study of early development, and a means of training future clinicians and others, and its potential use in research and early intervention, particularly in respect of risk. Material from an infant observation undertaken as part of a clinical training is quoted before moving on to two illustrations of babies at risk – one of developing autism, and the other, a baby in foster care, observed as part of a research project into what happens to babies taken into care. Both illustrations are observation-based interventions, rather than pure observations, and are seen as providing good evidence for development of the practice to support healthier development in vulnerable infants and to enrich the understanding of social workers and others who take significant decisions about the lives of young children.


In this paper, the generalized derivative nonlinear Schrodinger equation is con-
sidered. By using the qualitative theory and bifurcation theory of planar dynamical systems,
all of the explicit exact solutions of solitary waves in the explicit form of a(ξ)e~(i(ψ(ξ)-ωt)),
ξ=x-vt, are obtained, by qualitatively seeking the homoclinic and heteroclinic orbits for
a class of Lienard equations. Our results in this paper have improved all of relative results.


Objective To explore the influence of short-term human recombinant growth hormone (rhGH) therapy in short malnutrition children on their fasting blood glucose (GLU),thyroid function(TF),insulin-like growth factor-Ⅰ(IGF-Ⅰ)and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3).Methods Sixteen short malnutrition children were selected in the study,who were 2-12 years old and had been on clinic in department of pediatrics,first hospital of Peking university from Apr.2004 to Aug.2006.They were treated with rhGH for 3 months.Their GLU,triiodothyronine(T3),thyroxine(T4),thyroid stimulating hormone(TSH),IGF-Ⅰ and IGFBP-3 were measured and compared before and after therapy for 1 and 3 months.Results Levels of GLU,T3,T4,TSH,IGFBP-3 after therapy for 1 and 3 months were not significantly changed(Pa0.05);IGF-I after therapy was higher than before(P0.05).Conclusion Short-term rhGH therapy in short malnutrition children can make their IGF-Ⅰ inerease,but has no effects on their GLU and TF.


A nonlinear game problem of reorientation of an asymmetric rigid body under uncontrollable disturbances and uncertain parameters is considered. The method for the solution of this problem, which is based on the "equivalent linearization" of nonlinear conflict-control systems, is developed. Direct estimates of disturbance domain that is admissible for reorientation and depend on the given constraints imposed on the controls and the initial position of the body are found.


The idea that the author promotes is that the term waste amounts to inappropriateness whatever the economic environment referred to. The hope is that it can act as a prod for those people who wish to make more rational and economically more convenient work choices by reducing the opportunities for conflict, the loss of time, the legal disputes, the bottlenecks, the incompetence. Two possible approaches to waste are presented. The first represents the point of view of the industry, it is only apparently distant. Thought, the lean organization requires an effort of reading and perhaps greater analysis but, mutatis mutandis, the areas of waste, that is of inappropriateness, are perfectly adaptable to the health world. The second was born in the health world, originates from a work of an important author in the world of quality in medicine, identifies six categories of waste and was taken up in our country by the GIMBE Foundation, giving inspiration or a strong debate. Reflection on each category allows the expert physician to translate his content into his everyday life and draw hypotheses and stimuli for a possible change in clinical organizational practice, in a vision of contrasting inappropriateness. Homo medicus continually needs to be solicited and have elements of reflection to make choices that minimize, in this case, the behavior of inappropriateness (waste) prescriptive and organizational. KEY WORDS waste; appropriateness; lean production.


Automated segmentation of myocardial fibrosis in late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) cardiac MRI (CMR) has the potential to improve efficiency and precision of diagnosis and treatment of cardiomyopathies. However, state-of-the-art Deep Learning approaches require manual pixel-level annotations. Using weaker labels can greatly reduce manual annotation time and expedite dataset curation, which is why we propose fibrosis segmentation methods using either slice-level or stack-level fibrosis labels. 5759 short-axis LGE CMR image slices were retrospectively obtained from 482 patients. U-Nets with slice-level and stack-level supervision are trained with 446 weakly-labeled patients by making use of a myocardium segmentation U-Net and fibrosis classification Dilated Residual Networks (DRN). For comparison, a U-Net is trained with pixel-level supervision using a training set of 81 patients. On the proprietary test set of 24 patients, pixel-level, slice-level and stack-level supervision reach Dice scores of 0.74, 0.70 and 0.70, while on the external Emidec dataset of 100 patients Dice scores of 0.55, 0.61 and 0.52 were obtained. Results indicate that using larger weakly-annotated datasets can approach the performance of methods using pixel-level annotated datasets and potentially improve generalization to external datasets.


What I have to say will consist largely of speculation, because no unusual feature of muon interactions at high energies has yet been established. Considerable efforts have been made in the last few years to find an anomalous effect, but so far the result has been negative. This is probably because we have not yet reached high enough energies, as will become evident during the course of this talk. Figure 19 shows a number of possible interactions of the muon, which will be considered in detail below. There is first the electromagnetic coupling to the photon, with coupling constant e satisfying e2 = 1/137 (figure 19(a)). Figure 19(b) shows the weak interaction coupling, to the intermediate boson W± (which is here assumed to exist). To obtain the correct strength for the overall weak four-fermion interaction one requires g2/m2w = Gweak = 10-5/m2N, where mN is the nucleon mass. Thus only the ratio of g2 to m2w is fixed.


The utility model discloses a transition shaft and gear mounting structure in a lathe gearbox, wherein the transition shaft and gear mounting structure in the lathe gearbox is not prone to loosening. The transition shaft and gear mounting structure in the lathe gearbox comprises a gear arranged on a transition shaft, a bolt hole is formed in the connecting portion of the gear and the transition shaft, and a fixing bolt is arranged in the bolt hole mutually matched with the fixing bolt to fix the gear on the transition shaft. The transition shaft and gear mounting structure in the lathe gearbox has the advantages that fixation between the gear and the transition shaft is firm, the mounting structure is not prone to loosening, and transmission effect is guaranteed.


Future challenges for survival and development of a socioeconomic system, largely depends on the results of the insurance business, and funds that are available as own sources of financing of the national economy. Billions of euros, annually, insurance companies turned into income through insurance premiums but also through other forms of investments, millions of employees in insurance business in the world, are indicators of the importance of insurance for each national economy. The stability of living standards largely depends on the insurance business, especially pension insurance regardless of whether it is mandatory or voluntary character. Pension policy is part of the economic policies of each country. The pension system of intergenerational solidarity for decades operates in all European countries, regardless of their political and economic structure and level of development. In the country of Serbia, for years, the number of deaths exceeds the number of births, the progress of medical science extends the life of the people, higher rates of unemployment, the extension of working life to earn the right to pension and other less significant factors influenced the disproportion between the number of employees in relation to the number of pensioners. This resulted in a very poor state pension system and caused the question of its future functioning.


Cassava is a tropical and subtropical plant. The low temperature seriously affects the geographical distribution, growth and yield of cassava. Temperature below 15 ̊C will inhibit the normal growth of cassava. The research and identification of chilled low temperature resistance of cassava are an important basis for the selection, breeding and cultivation of cold tolerance of cassava. 1) The mechanism of cassava response to low temperature stress was observed; 2) Molecular response of plants under low temperature stress; 3) The molecular biology research on cassava low temperature tolerance was summarized in recent years, aiming to provide reference for the research on low temperature tolerance of cassava.


Since the early 1960s, civil rights organizations have requested that advertisers include more black models in television and print advertising. By studying the portrayal of blacks in advertising it is possible to determine the image of blacks that these ads present to Americans. Two issues are relevant: I ) what is the frequency of black exposure? and 2) what are the social and economic contexts within which blacks are depicted? These two issues are investigated here through a content analysis of 274 issues of Life, Time, Ladies Home Journal. Saturday Evening Post and New Yorker during the period 1983-84. These results are compared with those from two previous time periods: 1949-50 and 196768. Thus, the purpose of the present research is to determine whether there has been any change in the frequency of appearance of black role models in general magazine ads since the 1960s. In addition, black occupational roles are examined and compared to those of previous periods.