Abstract Wild caught female horseflies, Tabanus nigrovittatus Macq. (Diptera: Tabanidae), were fed solutions containing either sucrose or ATP as a phagostimulant. The sucrose diets were presented as free liquids at room temperature. The ATP in the other diets was dissolved in 0.15 M NaCl, or in 0.3 M or 1 M cellobiose and was presented covered with a Parafilm membrane at 38oC. The content of dissolved solids in some diets was adjusted with added cellobiose, which had no phago‐stimulatory effect. Diets of 1 M or 0.6 M sucrose were ingested in large amounts and were directed to the crop. Diets of 0.3 M or 0.1 M sucrose induced lower levels of ingestion, and the diet was directed to the midgut. The addition of cellobiose to give a 1 M total concentration of dissolved solids in these sucrose diets induced many insects responding to the lower concentrations of sucrose to direct the diet to the crop. Diets of ATP in saline or in 0.3 M cellobiose were directed to the midgut. ATP in 1 M cellobiose caused many of the insects to put the diet in both the crop and the midgut. Two behavioural models are presented that integrate interactions between the level of phagostimulation, the concentration of dissolved solids, and an endogenous feeding factor. The dissolved solids effect is most likely a response to osmotic pressure.


Objective To explore the value of noninvasive hemodynamic monitoring in predicting the gas embolus during hysteroscopic surgery. Methods A total of 120 patients,undergoing hysteroscopic surgery under general anesthesia were involved in this study( 41 intrauterine adhesion,35 endometrial polyp,28 submucous uterine myoma,9 uterus mediastinum,7 trophoblastic residual). Gas embolus in the common iliac vein,superior vena cava,inferior vena cava and heart cardiac were continuously monitored by using color Doppler ultrasonic imaging. The haemodynamic indexes were monitored by noninvasive hemodynamic monitoring. ECG,SpO2,PETCO2 were monitored as well. The operation time,blood loss,the appearance time of gas embolus,the appearance time of highest gas embolus and then the change of HR( when HR 120 bpm or increased 30% compared with baseline),PETCO2( when it was reduced more than10% compared with baseline or 3 mmHg) were recorded. The HR,MBP,SpO2,PETCO2,SV/SVI,CO/CI,SVR/SVRI,TFC,VI,ACI,PEP,LVET,STR,LCW /LCWI were recorded when appearance of the gas embolus( T1),the highest gas embolus appeared( T2),and the HR rise( T3),and when the PETCO2decline( T4),the gas embolus disappeared( T5). Results Gas embolus donn't appeared( group A) in 76 patients of all the 120( 63. 3%). Gas embolus appeared in 44 patients( 36. 7%). A small number of gas embolus occurred in 27 cases( group B,22. 5%). A moderate number of gas embolus occurred in 10cases( group C,8. 3%). A large number of gas embolus occurred in 7 cases( group D,5. 8%). The blood loss and operation time of group D were significantly higher than the other groups( all P 0. 05). There was no statistical differences in four groups at the appearance time of gas embolus,HR,PETCO2,MBP,SpO2,PETCO2,SV/SVI,CO/CI,SVR/SVRI,TFC,VI,ACI,PEP,LVET,STR,LCW /LCWI. When the patients developed gas embolus,the operation were suspend,simultaneously,the left-Rlateral and head-Rdown position should be taken to avoid serious complications( dead or disablity) because of gas embolism. Conclusion There were no value of noninvasive hemodynamic monitoring in predicting the gas embolus during hysteroscopic surgery. But the ultrasonography can monitoring the gas embolus during hysteroscopic surgery immediately.


Objective:To study the dynamic expression and relativity analysis of PAR-1 and NF-κBp65 after intracerebral hemorrhage(ICH) rats and the influence of acupuncture on them.Methods:The 96 healthy Wistar male rats were selected.90 healthy male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 3 groups :model group,acupuncture group and western medicine group,30 rats in each group.Each group was examined at 5 different time points of 6 hours,1day,2days,3days and 7days,respectively,6 rats in each group.Meanwhile,6 rats were taken as the blank control group.The intracerbral hematoma rat model was made by autologous blood injection by using stereotactic method.Western-blot analysis was used to observe the expression of Par-1 and NF-κBp65 of the intracerebral hemorrage rats.Results:The expression of PAR-1 and NF-κBp65 had an obvious down-regulation at different phases in the brain of the acupuncture group rats,which showed significant differences compared with the model group(P0.05).The correlation analysis was positively relative.Conclusion:The acupuncture of BaiHui-QuBin decreases the mechanism of inflammatory response after ICH to gain the antagonistic effect on brain edema and secondary brain injury by means of down-regulating the expression of NF-κBp65 which inhibits the transcription of NF-κBp65.


Introduction/purpose The optimal management of unruptured AVMs (Medical vs. Interventional) remains unclear. The recent ARUBA trial suggested superiority of medical management, but has been criticized for poor generalizability and low numbers. In this analysis, we evaluate real world population-level rates of outcomes in unruptured AVMs by management strategy. Materials and methods Using the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project database on all adult (age ≥18) discharges from acute care hospitals in California (2005–2011) and Florida (2005–2014), we identified patients with unruptured AVMs. Patients were excluded for any preceding diagnosis of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), subarachnoid hemorrhage or trauma. The primary endpoint was any ischemic stroke, hemorrhage, or death during the 3 year follow up period. Results Among 7241 patients with unruptured cerebral AVMs, median age was 53 [IQR 40–67], 3764 (54%) were female, 4189 (62%) were white, 714 (11%) were black and 1369 (20%) were Hispanic. Overall, 1454 (20%) underwent surgical treatments, 1343 (19%) embolization, and 4849 (67%) were treated medically. Three-year rates of stroke, cerebral hemorrhage or death were 10.9% in the medically treated group and 16.5% in the procedurally-managed group. In multivariate analysis, likelihood of stroke, hemorrhage or death was associated with age (OR 2.7 [95% CI 2.2–3.2]≥70 years vs. Conclusions In this large, real world cohort of patients with unruptured cerebral AVMs, rates of stroke, death or hemorrhage were greater in patients managed with intervention relative to medical approaches. These differences were driven largely by peri-procedural events, after which the rates of these outcomes decreased relative to the medical arm, suggesting patients with longer life expectancy and lower peri-procedural risk may benefit from treatment. Disclosures H. Saber: None. A. Yoo: None. P. Chen: None. F. Vahidy: None. S. Savitz: None. S. Sheth: None.


. It is known that the tensor product of two sequences, in the tensor product of two separable Hilbert spaces, is a frame if and only if each component of that product is a frame. This paper proposes a sort of generalization of the aforementioned result by dealing with sequences S that are finite minimal sums of tensor products of a finite number of sequences. We prove that S is a Bessel sequence if and only if it is a sum for which each term is the tensor product of Bessel sequences. We also state necessary conditions for S to be a frame. For dimensions higher than one, we deduce several results on Gabor systems generated by finite rank square integrable functions. Meanwhile, the one dimensional versions of some of these results are surprisingly extremely difficult to prove or disapprove.


A liquefied fuel gas that can reduce the emission of air pollutants such as black smoke, dust, NOx and SOx in the exhaust gas of a compression ignition engine is disclosed. The liquefied gas fuel, comprising a radical-generating agent, a lubricity improving agent and a liquid hydrocarbon, or liquefied petroleum gas with a lubrication improving agent is added to the dimethyl ether was added.


Thimerosal, used as a preservative for vaccines since the early 1930s, is 50% mercury by weight. Some have questioned whether the inclusion of thimerosal in vaccines administered to young infants could lead to mercury toxicity and impair neurologic development. To address this concern, researchers conducted a multicenter cohort study among children aged …


In the present paper, using the ideas of the well‐known method for solving singular integral equations (SIE), based on Gaussian quadrature formulas for ordinary integrals and singular integral with Cauchy kernel, a somewhat different approach is proposed for solving the Prandtl integro‐differential equation (IDE). This approach in accordance with a polynomial method includes different approximation methods for a continuous component of Prandtl's IDE solution, namely an approximation in the form of Bernstein's polynomials, Chebyshev's polynomials of the first kind and approximation in the form of Lagrange interpolation polynomial at the Chebyshev knots. As a result, the Prandtl IDE is reduced to the system of linear algebraic equations (SLAE) of the rather simple structure. These different approximation methods will be illustrated by the example of the problem on contact interaction between a stringer of finite length, having a variable along the length rigidity in tension‐compression or a variable cross‐section, and an elastic semi‐infinite plate. This interaction is described by the Prandtl IDE. The comparative numerical analysis of the results obtained by different methods is carried out.


Electrochemically deposited Cu2O solar cells are receiving growing attention owing to a recent doubling in efficiency. This was enabled by the controlled chemical environment used in depositing doped ZnO layers by atomic layer deposition, which is not well suited to large-scale industrial production. While open air fabrication with atmospheric pressure spatial atomic layer deposition overcomes this limitation, we find that this approach is limited by an inability to remove the detrimental CuO layer that forms on the Cu2O surface. Herein, we propose strategies for achieving efficiencies in atmospherically processed cells that are equivalent to the high values achieved in vacuum processed cells.


The devices and components of adaptive optical system ANGARA, which is developed for image correction in the Big solar vacuum telescope (BSVT) at Baykal astrophysical observatory are described. It is shown that the use of modernized adaptive system on BSVT not only reduces the turbulent atmospheric distortions of image, but also gives a possibility to improve the telescope developing new methods of solar observations. A high precision Shack-Hartmann wavefront (WF) sensor has been developed on the basis of a low-aperture off-axis diffraction lens array. The device is capable of measuring WF slopes at array sub-apertures of size 640X640 μm with an error not exceeding 4.80 arc.sec. Also the modification of this sensor for adaptive system of solar telescope using extended scenes as tracking objects, such as sunspot, pores, solar granulation and limb, is presented. The software package developed for the proposed WF sensors includes three algorithms of local WF slopes estimation (modified centroids, normalized cross-correlation and fast Fourier-demodulation), as well as three methods of WF reconstruction (modal Zernike polynomials expansion, deformable mirror response functions expansion and phase unwrapping), that can be selected during operation with accordance to the application.


There was a typographical error in the title and citation. The correct title is, "N-octanoyl-Dopamine Is an Agonist at the Capsaicin Receptor TRPV1 and Mitigates Ischemia-Induced Acute Kidney Injury In Rat." The correct citation is:

Tsagogiorgas C, Wedel J, Hottenrott M, Schneider MO, Binzen U, et al. (2012) N-octanoyl-Dopamine Is an Agonist at the Capsaicin Receptor TRPV1 and Mitigates Ischemia-Induced Acute Kidney Injury in Rat. PLoS ONE 7(8): e43525. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0043525


As a consequence of influenza virus infection, the cell fires an innate immune response to restrict the multiplication of the virus. In general, viruses have evolved a variety of countermeasures to avoid this response and maintain reasonable replication efficiency. The influenza A viruses counteract the cell innate immune response at several steps, including blocking the RIG I-dependent activation of interferon (IFN) transcription, the IFN-dependent activation of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) and the activity of various ISGs. The multifunctional NS1 protein provides most of the influenza virus modulation of the IFN response. In addition to NS1, in the last years other influenza virus genes have been reported to alter the cellular innate immune response.
To understand the role of NS1 in this counteraction, we introduced random mutations in NS segment.
Using this strategy, we have obtained a population of 30.000-40.000 different mutant viruses and selected those able to induce IFN expression and to grow efficiently. The sequence analysis of the selected virus clones showed that non-synonymous mutations occurred at many phylogenetically conserved positions within NS1 protein, suggesting that they could be relevant for the mutant phenotype. Most of these mutant viruses showed normal replication kinetics and high titres and all mutants induced an IFN response stronger than wt virus. Surprisingly, one of the mutants led to an antiviral activity very similar to the one obtained with a mutant virus lacking NS1, although it contains a single aminoacid substitution.
To determine whether other viral genes are also important in the interplay between the virus and the host IFN response we have undertaken a non-biassed genetic approach. We carried out serial passage of wt virus in IFN non-responsive cells and selected for viruses that were able to induce IFN. We reasoned that, by replication in the absence of the IFN selection pressure the virus could mutate at positions normally restricted and could find new optimal sequence solutions. Deep sequencing of selected virus populations and individual virus mutants indicated that non-synonymous mutations occurred at many phylogenetically conserved positions in all virus segments. Several of these mutations are recurrent in independently evolved virus populations and also in individual mutants. Only one of the six individual virus mutants studied contained a mutation in NS1, although all of them induced IFN and ISGs and were unable to counteract added IFN. Several virus mutants accumulated large amounts of large internal deletions in several virus genes but nonetheless replicated to high titres and showed mutations in the M1/M2 proteins. These results suggest that essentially the complete virus gene complement is adapted to counteract the IFN response and drift away of such an optimal sequence when the IFN response is ablated.
In summary both approaches are complementary and allowed us to obtain a general map of the mechanisms exploited by the virus to counteract the IFN response. The results support the use of these strategies for the generation and identification of viral mutants affected in IFN counteraction.


The scientific novelty of the work lies in the fact that for the first time specific commonalities and differences of "subtext"and "internal monologue" in the verbal action of the actor are pointed out. The scheme of existence of the process of "internal monologue" in the pause (on the partner's remark) and in the phrase (when pronouncing the text) is considered. The identity of "subtext" and "internal monologue" in the indirect text (dialogue) and the transformation of "internal monologue" in the sense of expression are indicated.


This symposium is a follow-up to a sumposium held at last year's HFS meeting. "Training Technology in the 1990s: Development, Application and Research Issues." Representatives from the three military services discussed how many facets of training technology would affect current and future design applications and research issues relevant to military training systems. Two topics from that session (artificial intelligence and embedded training) and one other topic (computer-based authoring of technical information) have beer selected for in-depth discussion. Each technology is computer-based and has been exploited to only a limited degree. The object of this symposium is to provide a focus for describing how the three technologies are important for emerging and future training systems. For example, nearly all technical information (TI) for maintaining and operating weapon systems in the field is currently paper-based but the Department of Defense is committed to transitioning to electronic delivery of TI within the next decade. Many R&D issues must be resolved in the interim. Similarly, the technologies of embedded training and artificial intelligence have considerable potential for future training systems once a number of R&D issues are successfully addressed. All three services have on-going research and development programs for the technologies covered in this sumposium. Each topic is presented by representatives from at least two military behavioral laboratories: for computer-based authoring, Naval Training Systems Center (NTSC), Naval Personnel Research and Development Center (NPRDC) and Army Research Institute (ARI); for artificial intelligence, Air Force Human Resources Laboratory (AFHRL) and NTSC; and for embedded training, NTSC and ARI. The goals of the symposium are: (1) to make clearer the most pressing R&D issues associated with these technologies, and (2) to discuss how future training systems might incorporate them.


This article reviews the current practice of parenteral feeding in patients with acute renal failure. Assessment of nutritional requirements and the provision of nutrients are discussed. Practical guidelines are provided for dietitians to use in the clinical setting.


Acknowledgements Introduction Risk, Poverty, and Human Development: What do we Know, What do we Need to Know? Shocks That cheat its survivors: disasters and long term development Methods for Microeconometric Risk and Vulnerability Assessment The Impact of Climatic and Geological Hazards on Children Morbidity in Rural Mexico The Effects of Earthquakes on Children and Human Development in Rural El Salvador The Short and Medium-Term Human Development Effects of Climate-Related Shocks: Some Empirical Evidence Impact of Extreme Climate Events on Educational Attainment: Evidence from Cross Section Data and Welfare Projection The Effects of Mortality Shocks on Household Spending on Education, Health and Nutrition Intergenerational Effects of the 1959-61 China Famine Evidence on the link between migration, climate shocks and adaptive capacity Social Capital and Crisis Coping in Indonesia Natural hazards and unnatural disasters: A survey of the gendered terrain of risk, vulnerability and disaster relief Natural hazards and unnatural disasters: A survey of the gendered terrain of risk, vulnerability and disaster relief Public Responses to Climatic and Geological Hazards Conclusion: Exploring the Interface between Private mechanisms and Public policies: a challenge for research


Lake Ogawara is a blackish lake in the Takase River basin, and has a surface-area of 63 km2 and maximum depth of 25 m. We made clear the characteristics of the variability of water qualities of the lake based on the observational data, and using a water quality model considering the purification effect of dominant bivalves, we made a response analysis of the water qualities to external disturbances such as changes of the weather and the pollution load.The calculation results show that (1) the change of the phosphorus load from the river has a great impact on the water quality of the lake, (2) however, there is little effect of reduction in nitrogen load on the water quality improvement of the lake, (3) though the blooming in next spring increases more by the strong wind in winter, the following blooming is not so large, and (4) the salinity in the upper layer rises by 0.1 psu caused by salt water intrusions in one period, and two years or more are required to return to the original state.


Coast of South Africa." South African Journal of Science 92, (1996): 110. Le Quellec, Jean-Löic. Rock Art in Africa: Mythology and Legend. Paris: Flammarion, 2004. Lewis-Williams, J. David. Believing and Seeing: Symbolic Meanings in Southern San Rock Paintings. London: Academic Press, 1981a. Lewis-Williams, J. David. "The Thin Red Line: Southern San Notions and Rock Paintings of Supernatural Potency." South African Archaeological Bulletin 36, (1981b): 5–13. Lewis-Williams, J. David. "The Economic and Social Context of San Rock Art." Current Anthropology 23, no. 4 (1982): 429–449. Pager, Harald. Ndedema. Graz: Akademische Druck-u. Verlagansalt, 1971. Pager, Harald. Stone Age Myth and Magic. Graz: Akademische Druck-u. Verlagansalt, 1975. Skotnes, Pippa. "The Thin Black Line: Diversity in the Paintings of the Southern San and the Bleek and Lloyd Collection." In Voices from the Past: /Xam Bushmen and the Bleek and Lloyd Collection, eds. J. Deacon, and T.A. Dowson, 234–244. Johannesburg: Witwatersrand University Press, 1996. Solomon, Anne. "Gender, Representation, and Power in San Ethnography and Rock Art." Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 11, (1992): 291–329. Solomon, Anne. "Myths, Making and Consciousness: Differences and Dynamics in San Rock Arts." Current Anthropology 49, no. 1 (2008): 59–86. Solomon, Anne. "The Death of Trance: Recent Perspectives on San Ethnographies and Rock Arts." Antiquity 87 (2013): 1208–1213. Vinnicombe, Patricia. People of the Eland: Rock Paintings of the Drakensberg Bushmen as a Reflection of their Life and Thought. Pietermaritzburg: Natal University Press, 1976. Vogelsang, Ralf, Jurgen Richter, Zenobia Jacobs, Barbara Eichhorn, Veerle Linseele, and Richard. G. Roberts. "New Excavations of Middle Stone Age Deposits at Apollo 11 Rockshelter, Namibia: Stratigraphy, Archaeology, Chronology and Past Environments." Journal of African Archaeology 8, no. 2 (2010): 185–218. Wessels, Michael. Bushman Letters: Interpreting /Xam Narrative. Johannesburg: Witwatersrand University Press, 2010. Woodhouse, Herbert C. Archaeology in Southern Africa. Cape Town: Purnell and Sons, 1971. Woodhouse, Herbert C. "Enigmatic Line Feature in the Rock Paintings of Southern Africa." South African Journal of Science 71, no. 4 (1975): 121–125. Woodhouse, Herbert C. The Rain and Its Creatures as the Bushmen Painted them. Johannesburg: William Waterman, 1992.


The construction of cultural community based on the background of Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao Great Bay Area can not only give full play to its politics social and economic values, but it has great significance for the development and construction of regional culture. As an important means of cultural communication, libraries play a great role in the process of realizing the sharing and coconstruction of cultural resources. In recent years, university libraries have devoted more efforts to the digitization of ancient books, based on the background of Greater Bay Area, Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao. This paper explores the necessity of digitalization of ancient books, and from the perspective of co-construction and sharing of university libraries, analyzes the guiding significance of digitization of ancient books to the construction of university libraries. Keywords—Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macau Bay Area; digitalization of ancient books; co-construction sharing


A mutation in Breast Cancer 1 or 2 genes (BRCA1 or BRCA2) can predispose women to breast and ovarian cancers and men toprostate, colon and breast cancers.A couple with 3 miscarriages, withthe female partner being heterozygousfor BRCA1 (autosomal dominant)mutation approached us for their desireto have a child free of BRCA1 mutation.Preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD)for BRCA1 mutation was offered. Pre-PGD genetic work up was carried out. The couple underwent ICSI with antagonist protocol and stimulation with HMG+FSH. For PGD, trophectoderm cells were biopsied from six blastocyst embryos and subjected to chromosomal aneuploidy screening. Of these, 2 euploid embryos were tested for BRCA1 mutation. Both embryos were free of the mutation and hence a frozen embryo transfer was performed in the subsequent cycle. The woman conceived and successfully delivered twin babies free of BRCA1 mutation.


A progressive step-by-step approach is suggested to optimize energy conversion plants and systems when many conflicting aspects must be considered and a mathematical description of the problem is very hard and/or can only be performed by means of complex and time-consuming calculations. The procedure can easily be adapted to meet different objectives pursued by analysts, designers, operators, and policy makers. Some examples of the application of this approach to different systems, according to different objectives, are presented in this paper.


Background: The existence of an association between infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) and B-cell non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (B-NHL) remains controversial, largely because previous studies were based on prevalent case-series or comparisons with less than optimal control groups. Objective: To evaluate the association between HCV infection and B-NHL of different type. Design: Hospital-based case-control study. Patients and Methods: The study was conducted from January 1998 through February 2001. The cases consisted of consecutive patients with a new diagnosis of B-NHL; the controls were patients from other departments of the same hospitals. Both groups were interviewed using a standardised questionnaire. The prevalence of HCV infection was calculated by histological type of B-NHL and clinical behaviour (indolent or aggressive). Adjusted odds ratios (OR) and HCV-attributable risk (AR) were estimated. Results: The HCV prevalence was 17.5% among the 400 lymphoma cases and 5.6% among the 396 controls. The OR of B-NHL (cases vs. controls), adjusted by age, sex, level of education and place of birth, was 3.1 (95% Confidence Interval, C.I. 1.8-5.2); an OR indicative of positive association was found for both indolent and aggressive B-NHL. The estimated AR was 4.6%. Conclusions: This study confirms an association between HCV and B-NHL. In Italy one out of 20 of B-NHL may be attributable to HCV infection and may, thus, benefit of anti-viral treatment. Our findings suggest that Italy about one out of 20 B-NHL cases may be attributable to HCV and point to some important new treatment options for such patients. Interferon (IFN), in combination with ribavirin, has been shown to be effective in 50% of patients with chronic HCV-related liver diseases and to induce regression of splenic lymphomas in HCV-RNA positive patients large randomised clinical trials evaluate efficacy of IFN ribavirin HCV-infected all B-NHL


There are definitely relations between land resources use and the industries developing and evolving: The land resources use influences the industries developing and evolving,on the other hand,the industries developing and evolving influences the land resources spatial distribution and land use structure of industries land use.Which also influences the land resources configuration and use efficiency.Wellhandling the relationship between the land resources use and the industries developing and evolving can make the land resources be configured more reasonable and effective,optimize the land use structure,reduce the cost of produce and management,avoid the industrial structure trending to homology,make the industrial structure accord with the requirement of scale economic,promote the industries structure developing continuously,accelerate the industries developing and evolving,increase the local economic strength rapidly,stimulate the economic developing rapidly,improve the people's standard of living.The industries developing and evolving makes the land resource spatial distribution be well-regulated as circularity: the tertiary industry land locates in the city center area,the secondary industry land locates near by the tertiary industry land,the primary industry land near the secondary industry land.Meanwhile,it is very important that the land resources spatial distribution circularity structure mode resulted in the industries developing and evolving to the city industries and enterprises transferring,make the land resources usable,adjust the industry structure,promote the industry upgrading and the economic developing,which is proved by the case study of Haidian District,Beijing.


Urban perception is the result of mutual transaction between human and environment and the process of perception is developed through the three continuous steps of "sensation", "perception" and "cognition". In the first step (sensorial perception), the environmental signals are received via sensorial sensors and each different sense based on its own essence, performance and ability has its own specific contribution to develop the process of perception of the environment and replace the concept in mind. The sensorial experience made from these environmental perceptions will lead to better understanding and recognition of urban features and qualities. Different senses play different roles to enrich the environmental experience based on their depth and quantity. This paper aims at remembering forgotten distinguished values of tactility in perception of urban space and study is conducted using analytical method with an interpretive approach. The tactile senses because of their unique features like universality and diversity and experiencing the space without any medium and understanding the time and place are not emphasized much. The present study aimed to manifest the forgotten values of tactile sense and its efficiency in urban environment.


By allowing intermediate nodes to encode the received packets before sending them out, network coding improves the capacity and robustness of multicast applications. But it is vulnerable to the pollution attacks. Some signature schemes were proposed to thwart such attacks, but most of them need to be homomorphic that the keys cannot be generated and managed easily. In this paper, we propose a novel fast and secure switch network coding multicast (SSNC) on the software defined networks (SDN). In our scheme, the complicated secure multicast management was separated from the fast data transmission based on the SDN. Multiple multicasts will be aggregated to one multicast group according to the requirements of services and the network status. Then, the controller will route aggregated multicast group with network coding; only the trusted switch will be allowed to join the network coding by using broadcast encryption. The proposed scheme can use the traditional cryptography without homomorphy, which greatly reduces the complexity of the computation and improves the efficiency of transmission.


In this article, we explore some of the forms of institutional work that organizations perform as they participate externally in the processes that drive change in the institutional logic that characterizes their field, and as they respond internally to the shift as it occurs. More specifically, we present the results of an in-depth case study of Intel Corporation, a firm that was implicated in a fundamental shift in the institutional logic of its field in the late 1980s and 1990s as the field moved from a traditional supply chain logic dominated by computer assemblers to a new platform logic following very different organizing principles. Through the qualitative analysis of 72 interviews with Intel employees, complemented by extensive archival data from 1980 to 2000, we identify two forms of institutional work that Intel performed externally – external practice work and legitimacy work – and two forms of work that they carried out internally – internal practice work and identity work – as the organization worked to simultaneously influence the shift in logic that was occurring and to deal with the ramifications of the shift.


the transformations of global capitalism. Given the continued significance of the themes discussed in the symposium, Calichman has done an enormous service by making the statements of participants available to a wider audience. The book is not only essential reading for scholars of Japanese intellectual and political history, but also of interest to anyone concerned with the crisis of modernity and various reactions to it.


Effective implementation of ICT in schools ensure high social and economic returns not only to an individual child, but also to the country as a whole. It is therefore important that those charged with management of education in secondary schools should be those who are knowledgeable and skilled in ICT in order to perform their administrative tasks efficiently. However, in Nyakach sub-county, this is far from the truth, because in recent times there has been a lot of concern about implementation of ICT by principals of public secondary schools. These anomalies point to the fact that most of these principals are never given prior preparation for administrative functions in their schools. In fact, most of them are just hand-picked from among deputy principals/head teachers and senior teaching and then assigned to head schools; without any evidence of their training in administration and ICT, so they end up using trial and error method to run the school and implement ICT programmes. The purpose of this study was to identify training needs of principals of public secondary schools especially in the area of information communication technology. The specific objective of the study was to establish the training needs of principals in the implementation of ICT in their schools. The conceptual framework was based on needs assessment theory, which is an information for a collecting tool that enable the researcher to identify the needs of an individual school or an organization. A review of literature revealed that principals needs to be well versed in ICT implementation and use in their schools. The study employed a descriptive survey design consisting of saturated sampling techniques for all the principals in Nyakach sub-county. The study population consisted of 43 principals and data was collected by use of questionnaires, document analysis guide and interview schedule. Data collected was analyzed by use of descriptive statistics that included graphs, percentage and frequencies. Qualitative data was arranged into themes, categories and sub-categories as they emerged from the field. The study found that most schools had not set up ICT infrastructure. This hampered their implementation of ICT in management and curriculum instruction. Moreover, all the principals were not trained in the use of ICT. The study recommended that principals of secondary schools must be computer literate. They should be trained properly in ICT skills and this will promote the use of computers in their schools in management and curriculum instruction.


The present invention relates to an EVA film extruder working methods, belonging to the plastics extrusion art. The EVA film comprises a main extruder barrel, provided in the master cylinder and the extrusion screw driving motor for driving the extruder screw rotation, the feed end of the barrel is provided with a main hopper, hopper bottom apex of the cone is manufactured by downwardly tapered cone and is formed with an opening located, at the top of the main tube discharge end is provided with a die, the inner wall of the opening of the hopper are fixed two opposite half-ellipsoid elastic membrane type, die the outlet head is provided with a flow sensor for generating mass flow information, it is provided for driving the external elastic membrane hopper stretchable material after receiving the flow rate information of the hydraulic motor through the feed channel is formed between two elastic diaphragm. The extruder EVA film has the advantage of significantly altering the short time required to adapt the extruder feed and production fluctuation of the molten resin.


We aim at a description of the logarithmic velocity profile of wall turbulence in terms of unstable periodic orbits (UPOs) for plane Couette flow with a Smagorinsky-type eddy viscosity model. We study the bifurcation structure with respect to the Smagorinsky constant, arising from the gentle UPO reported by Kawahara and Kida [1] for the Navier-Stokes (NS) equation. We find that the obtained UPOs in the large eddy simulation (LES) system connect to those in the NS system, and that the gentle UPO in the LES system is an edge state branch whose stable manifold separates LES turbulence from an LES 'laminar' state. As the Reynolds number decreases this solution arises as the saddle solution of the saddle-node bifurcation. Meanwhile, the mean and root-mean-square velocity profiles of the node solution of the LES gentle UPO are in good agreement with those of LES turbulence.


The Duetsch paradigm that produces a two‐tone dichotic auditory illusion with alternating 400‐and 800‐Hz tones [D. Deutsch, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. Suppl. 1 55, S18–S19 (1974)] was modified to clarify aspects of pitch, timbre, and level of processing. The 400‐Hz sinusoid was replaced by a high‐frequency complex tone (1000‐1200‐1400 Hz) whose residue pitch was perceived as the low stimulus. Significant results based on the responses of 21 subjects indicated that the illusion is pitch, and not frequency, based. The effect of timbre was found to be negligible and the results suggest that the level of processing of the illusion is cortical rather than subcortical, as is presently thought.


In this paper, a selective burst discarding scheme for deflection routing in OBS networks is proposed. The discarding scheme is based on the number of traversed hops, the number of remaining hops and burst size. The proposed scheme controls superfluous deflection in order to use the network resource efficiently. Simulation results show that the scheme can achieve a high performance.


The interpersonal interaction of network-based collaborative learning facilitative and smooth whether or not will affected the depth of collaboration among the members.And then at large extent determines the effects of network-based collaborative learning.Firstly this paper analyzes the functions of wiki and QQ,then discusses the effect of both of them in the interpersonal interaction of network-based collaborative learning.


This article addresses the question: What is the explanatory power of the theoretical constructs 'parenting style' and 'parent-child relationship' for understanding violence among teenage girls? Using a sequential mixed-methods design, we combined data from different sources (interviews and questionnaires) analysed by different methods (grounded theory and correspondence analysis). Within this mixed-methods design, we compared the results of the qualitative analysis of interviews with violence-orientated girls with the results of the correspondence analysis of the cross-sectional survey (n= 243, mean age= 15.2, SD = 1,91). There is a strong relationship between the form of violence applied by the girls and the characteristics of the family dynamics. The utilization of different theoretical constructs (i.e., parenting style and parent-child relationship) reveals these dynamics and enables theoretical reflection on this subject.


Objectives: To study the relationship between EEG features of secondary epilepsy after craniocerebral operation.Methods: The EEGs and clinical deta were analyzed retrospectively in 54 patients eith seizures after craniocerebral operation. Results: EEGs are normal in six patients and abnormal in 48 ones (with an abnormality rate of 89%), in which 44 showed local abnormality and four showed widespread abnormality . In local abnormal EEGs, abnormality showing unilateral slow wave are noted in 13 patients and regional slow wave in 31 ones (three of which showed regional epileptiform discharges). In widespread abnormal EEGs, mild abnomality ware noted in two patients, moderate and severe abnormality in only one patient respectively. Conclusions: The local abnormality rate of EEGs in patients with secondary epiliepsy after craniocerebral operation is 92% in the total abnormality, in which the rate of local epileptiform discharges is 4%. The local slow waves are related to the preoperative focus, the operation site and the secondary focus after operation.[


Object detection is a basic computer vision task to loccalize and categorize objects in a given image. Most state-of-the-art detection methods utilize a fixed number of proposals as an intermediate representation of object candidates, which is unable to adapt to different computational constraints during inference. In this paper, we propose a simple yet effective method which is adaptive to different computational resources by generating dynamic proposals for object detection. We first design a module to make a single query-based model to be able to inference with different numbers of proposals. Further, we extend it to a dynamic model to choose the number of proposals according to the input image, greatly reducing computational costs. Our method achieves significant speed-up across a wide range of detection models including two-stage and query-based models while obtaining similar or even better accuracy.


Summary Subcutaneous injection of H-1 virus in adult hamsters produced a cyclic-type viremia and the appearance of titratable HA-I and neutralizing antibodies while viremia was still present.


In order to decide the appropriate arrangements of fictitious charges in the charge simulation method, the use of the Monte Carlo method is proposed for the estimation of the probability density function of two variables, the radius ratio, and the angle ratio. Τhe scale and shape parameters of the Weibull's distribution are determined by the maximum likelihood estimator. The obtained results are used to calculate the electric field at arbitrary points in the neighborhood of high voltage transmission lines. The comparisons between the results computed by this method, the results calculated by the genetic algorithm, and those measured, confirm the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed method.


Experimental records of the displacement during opening of a ring plate suction valve in an air compressor showed that the plate did not lift symmetrically. Values of velocity at the centre of gravity of the plate were compared to those calculated using three mathematical models (a), (b) and (c). The simplest, model (a), assumed that a uniformly increasing pressure difference (ramp function) existed across the valve. Model (b) accounted for the change of the pressure difference due to variation of the interrelated valve displacement and piston motion but assumed that the pressure in the plenum chamber remained constant. Model (c) described the complex physical situation in greater detail, accounting for the variation of the pressure difference across the valve due to the interacting effects of valve displacement, piston velocity and pressure changes in the finite volume plenum chamber caused by the wave action in the pipework of the system in addition to the pressure changes in the cylinder. Models (a) and (b) predicted valve velocities during suction valve opening greatly in excess of those measured. While model (c) predicted values of maximum valve velocity close to those observed, much more computer time was required by this model, While the experimental technique used provided accurate measurement of the maximum valve plate velocity it was concluded that it is difficult to predict this using a simple model. In addition, the relationship between this maximum velocity and the effective impacf velocity is required, sin,ce it is the latter which is the more important criterion in relation to valve failure.


This paper proposes an individual-based framework for emergency guiding. The spatial-temporal mobility of all people is modeled to determine a dedicated path that provides the shortest evacuation time for each person. According to our review of relevant research, this is the first optimal solution without using time-expanded graphs, and corridor capacities and lengths, exit capacities, concurrent motion, and distribution of people are considered to minimize evacuation time. We prove that the proposed path planning algorithm is optimal and analyze its time and space complexity. The proposed framework can be used to estimate the evacuation time for each person accurately and evenly distribute evacuation load among exits to achieve the most efficient load balance. In the proposed framework, the congestion in all corridors and exits can be alleviated to maximally reduce the total evacuation time. Simulation results show that our approach outperforms existing schemes, and can be used to determine an optimal escape path for each person and, thus, achieve the shortest total evacuation time.


The invention specifically discloses a composite whitening and spot correcting lotion, and a manufacturing method thereof. The spot correcting lotion is manufactured from raw materials of, by weight: 2.5 to 25 parts of traditional Chinese medicine active site extracts, 0.5 to 5 parts of arbutin, 0.05 to 0.2 parts of sodium hyaluronate, 5 to 10 parts of soybean fermentation extract, 1 to 10 parts of 1,3-butylene glycol, 1 to 10 parts of propylene glycol, 0.2 to 0.8 parts of tween-80, 0.1 to 0.4 parts of methyl-p-hydroxybenzoate, 0.1 to 0.4 parts of propylparaben, 0.5 to 5 parts pf ethanol, and 33.2 to 89.05 of deionized water. The traditional Chinese medicine active site extracts comprise raw materials of, by weight: 5 to 15 parts of ginseng, 5 to 20 parts of mongolian milkvetch root, 5 to 25 parts of white peony root, 5 to 30 parts of licorice, and 5 to 35 parts of cottonrose hibiscus flower. According to the composite whitening and spot correcting lotion provided by the invention, a plurality of traditional Chinese medicine active components are added to whitening and spot correcting active substances, such that the activity of tyrosinase can be effectively inhibited, oxygen-derived free radicals can be removed with high efficiency, and melanin can be prevented from appearing. With the composite whitening and spot correcting lotion, various freckles and chloasma can be comprehensively and rapidly corrected. Also, the lotion brings no toxin or harm.


Barrier surrounding oxide superconducting core is effective in reducing AC loss of the multifilamentary tape. Metallic magnesium was chosen as its precursor material. Through the ordinary deformation process to fabricate the tape, the magnesium layer was easily thinned up to sub-micron. By the successive oxidation treatment, the barrier became a stable MgO layer. Usefulness of ductile material has been demonstrated to produce ultra-thin barrier.


The Helheim glacier in south-east Greenland faces a retreat and thinning like many other Greenland outlet glaciers, but showed two particular huge and fast retreats between 2000 and 2005, coinciding with an acceleration of glacier flow [1]. The estimation of glacier retreat and thinning are established procedures based on a variety of remote sensing techniques, e.g. SAR interferometry (InSAR) [1]. However, due to densification processes, e.g. refreezing of meltwater, changes in the mass balance cannot be calculated solely from changes in the volume of a glacier derived from interferometric elevation models [2]. A near surface densification related to refreezing of meltwater leads to a reduction in surface elevation, but does not contribute to a mass loss and thus cannot be attributed to a potential sea level rise. Likewise, the measurement of snow accumulation and its spatial distribution is error prone due to the penetration bias of InSAR measurements. While local data of accumulation or densification give precise information [2], satellite based polarimetric and interferometric SAR (Pol-InSAR) data has the potential to assess these changes in the near surface snow and firn layers with a better spatial and temporal coverage. This study investigates X-band (TanDEM-X) Pol-InSAR data in order to retrieve information about the temporal and spatial variations of surface and near- surface parameters of the Helheim glacier.
[1] I.M. Howat, I. Joughin, S. Tulaczyk, and S. Gogineni, "Rapid retreat and acceleration of Helheim Glacier, east Greenland", Geophysical Research Letters, vol. 32, 2005
[2] V. Parry, P. Nienow, D. Mair, J. Scott, B. Hubbard, K. Steffen and D. Wingham, "Investigations of meltwater refreezing and density variations in the snowpack and firn within the percolation zone of the Greenland ice sheet", Annals of Glaciology, vol 46, no. A252, pp. 61-68, 2007


Systematic studies on polycrystalline Hf1–xZrxO2 films with varying Zr contents show that HfO2 films are paraelectric (monoclinic). If the Zr content is increased, films become ferroelectric (ortho...


Integral sliding mode (SM) control is an interesting approach, as it can maintain the good chattering alleviation property of higher‐order SMs while making the reaching phase less critical and keeping the controlled system trajectory on a suitably selected sliding manifold since the initial time instant. In order to make such a method more robust and to improve its flexibility by the adaptation of its parameters to the current system condition, in this paper, a switched strategy is proposed. Specifically, the suboptimal Second‐order SM algorithm is considered as a basis in its integral formulation, and the switching strategy is designed by partitioning the so‐called auxiliary system state space in a finite number of regions. The proposed method allows one to improve the transient performance by adapting the gains through these regions, thus implying an energy saving capability. The proposal is theoretically analyzed and, in order to test its performance, the control of the lateral dynamics of ground vehicles is used as a case study. Specifically, yaw‐rate tracking is considered, as it is made difficult by parametric uncertainties and nonlinear effects that arise especially with large steering angles. Extensive simulation tests are carried out using standard validation maneuvers, which favorably witness the performance of the new control algorithm.


Abstract With the aim to enhance the mechanical properties of conversional glass ionomer cements (GICs), 4-pentenoic acid (PA) was used as a co-monomer to synthesize a new kind of polycarboxylic acid (PCA) through free radical polymerization with acrylic acid (AA) and itaconic acid (IA). The chemical structures of the PCA were confirmed by 1H-NMR and FT-IR. Number average molecular weights (Mn) and glass transition temperatures (Tg) of the synthesized PCA were investigated and the results showed that the Mn and Tg were in a trend of decreasing with increasing of the PA content in the raw materials. The synthesized PCA was dissolved in water with a mass ratio of 50 wt.% to prepare the liquid part of the GIC, and then mixed with glass powders of commercial GIC Fuji IX to prepare the GICs samples. The results of mechanical tests showed that the PCA with 5 wt% of 4-pentenoic acid as a comonomer showed the best comprehensive mechanical properties.


In the decade before World War I, two American naval officers tried to reform naval manufacturing with the help of Frederick W. Taylor, the foremost management consultant of his time. They failed. Admiral Caspar F. Goodrich was forced to retire in 1909, and Commander Holden A. Evans resigned in 1911 after his career was ruinedfor trying to change a Navy organizational policy by implementing Taylor's management ideas. Yet, the lengthy deliberations about how to manage helped the Navy find its own "best way" prior to World War I. This article, using new evidence, studies their actions as an example in American management history of the eventual success of a consulting effort that initially failed.


Abstract In this article, active control of geometrically nonlinear transient vibrations in laminated composite beams has been demonstrated using an advanced piezoelectric composite (PZC) layer as the active layer with a proper control strategy. A nonlinear mesh free (MF) model is derived for analyzing the dynamic characteristics of the laminated composite beams integrated with the PZC patch based on the element-free Galerkin (EFG) method within the framework of a layer wise beam theory considering transverse shear deformations. The Von Kármán type nonlinear strain–displacement relationships are considered for formulating the coupled electromechanical nonlinear MF model. Both in-plane and transverse actuation by the PZC layer have been taken into consideration for deriving the model. Various geometrical shapes of the PZC layers have been considered for the analysis to understand the geometrical shape dependency of the PZC layer in attenuating vibration in the structure. The numerical results indicate that the PZC layer significantly improves the dynamic characteristics of the laminated beams by suppressing the geometrically nonlinear transient vibrations induced in them. It has been also noticed that the irregular shaped PZC patches like triangular PZC patches perform better as compared to the regular rectangular PZC patches in alleviating vibration the structure.


Odontoma is a benign odontogenic tumor of epithelial and mesenchymal origin, often associated with embedded teeth, dental germs or supernumerary teeth. A classification of odontoma is based on its morphology and can be evaluated as a compound when it has multiple denticles. Treatment consists of surgical excision of the tumor, preserving the related dental units. Therefore, this study aims to report a surgical approach to an odontoma composed by means of a descriptive, qualitative, case report type. Female patient, 13 years old, with tomographic examination showing radiopaque mass structures similar to teeth incorporated in the region of tooth 43. On physical examination, she presented a slight increase in volume in the 43 lingual region, causing dental crowding. The proposed treatment was enucleation and curettage under local anesthesia. The patient returned to the outpatient clinic OMFS after 8 months with panoramic radiography suggesting new bone formation in the region of tooth 43 and without clinical and radiographic signs of lesion recurrence. Thus, odontomas are tumors usually diagnosed in routine radiographic examinations and can be associated with dental retention and crowding. The treatment of choice consists of surgical excision through enucleation associated with curettage, with a low recurrence rate.


The question of the university recruitment's impartiality is the important content of the education impartiality.Through three aspect analysis such as reducing disturbance of human factor by the control of technology,the information being prompt,accurate and open.The conclusion can be drawn that the recruitment can be carried out fairly through the changed enrollment way(i.e.enrolling on net).


Hanelt, P.: Gene flow between crops and related taxa some case studies. Bocconea 7: 51-61. 1997. ISSN 1120-4060. Gene flow is underslOod here as the movement of genes among sympatric or neighbouring populations of crops and related taxa or the introduction of genes from related taxa into the recipient genepool of a crop, i.e. it describes the processes also known as introgress ion . We must differ between artificial or induced and spontaneously occuring gene flow. Artificial or human-caused gene flow has a rather long history in plant breeding and applied genetics and is documented by the efforts to use wi ld or weedy relali ves of crops as donors of economically importanl characlers. The successful breeding e.g. of di sease resistant cu lti vars in rnan y crop species by the transfer of resiSlance genes from wild laxa are we ll -known exarnples. The spontaneous occurence of gene flow between crops and relatives however is a poorly understood phenornenon and has been described only anecdolically in rnost cases. There were gene flow processes between wild laxa and crops in the past which led lo obvious evolutionary changes, e.g. to lhe forrnation of new species (hexaploid wheats). Aclual gene tlow between crops and relatives can be detected only by careful fie ld studies . In generai such gene flow is a rare event and can happen on ly in crops if their primary genepools includes related taxa and if c rop and relati ves are more or less sympatric. In Europe the possibility of gene flow between crops and relati ves is greatl y reslricled , because Eliropean crops are mostl y exotic plants from other reg ions of the world which lack relati ves in the European fl ora. Some examples of gene flow occllring on different taxonomic leve ls had been described in some detail for carrot, bee t, alfalfa, l'ice, foxtail millet and Cheno!>odillnl and the irnportance of elhnobotanical observations for the lInderstanding of gene tlow processes is underlined. Gene tlow will be del'ined for our purpose in a somewhat restricted sense and will be understood as the exchange ol' genes between sympaù'ic or neighbouring populations of crops and related taxa or as the introduction ol' genes l'rom related taxa into the recipient genepool ol' a crop or vice versa. Such processes a1so known as introgress ion. We must differentiate between artificial or induced and spontaneous gene tlow: 52 Hanelt: Gene f10w between crops .. . Artificial gene flow This introduction by humans of foreign genes into the genepool of a crop is a process which has been applied by plant breeders and applied geneticists for almost 100 years. By this method desirable characters not present in the crop itself are transferred to the crop's genepool. Such breeding programmes focus mainly on traits like resistance against biotic and abiotic environmental factors and on improvement of quality of the crop in a broad sense. Many resistant or improved cultivars had been selected by these means and the use of wild rel atives in plant breeding is well documented (Harl an 1976, Watson 1970, Ladizinsky 1989). Two almost classical examples may illustrate this approach: Aegilops species had been successfull y used as donors of di sease resistance characters. Leaf rust resistance from A. umbel/ulala and yellow rust resistance from A. comosa were transferred to Triticum aestivum with the help of cross breeding and complicated chromosome manipulations (Sears 1956, Riley & al. 1968). The high soluble solids content (mainly sugars) of a small wild Peruvian tornato, Lycopersicon chmielewskii, has been used for the breed ing of new tornato cultivars with an increased dry matter content (2% more than the standards) by means of spec ies hybridization and repeated backcrosses and subsequent ped igree selection . An increased dry matter content is high ly appreciated by the food industry (Rick 1974, I1ti s 1988). Thus artificial gene tlow implies very often a cons iderable economie success ! At least some of these induced gene tlow processes, e.g. between Aegilops and Triricum species, have been reported as naturally occuring events also, and the prevention of these evo lutionary processes during the isolated ex siru reproduction of genebank access ions is one of the mai n arguments in favour of in situ conservation of plant genetic re sources (Vellvé 1993). Artificial gene tlow will become much more important in the future, because the new molecul ar techniques will allow thc use of a much broader range of gene donors than formerly possisble. Spontaneous gene flow Gene tlow can happen spontaneously only when crop culti vation and the distribution of its relatives are more or less sympatric or at !east overlapping locally, and if they are crosscompatible and produce at lcast somewhat fertile offspring. This means that gene tlow will occur mainly within the primary genepool of a crop spec ies according to the class ification of Harlan & de Wet (1971). Crops in which domestication resulted in true spec iation and strong rcproductive isolation (Iikc Vicia faba, ALLium cepa ), cannot be involved in gene f1 0w processes. There are prehistorical gene tlow events which !ed after subsequent chromosome doubling to the evolution of new amphiploid crop species. I may mention on]y the we llknown examples of the hexaploid common whcat, Triticum aesrivum ( its D genome came from the SW Asiatic Aegilops tauschii, whereas its A and B genomes we re provided by the tetraploid wheats), and the amphiploiù Brassica species , e.g. the Ethiopian cultigen B. carinata, which combines the B genome of B. nigra (n = 8) and the C genome from the cu ltivated B. oleracea (n = 9). Actual gene tlow although expected to be a rather widespread phenomenon is stili a poorly understood and badly documented processo It can be detected only by careful ficld Bocconea 7 1997 53 studies and genetica1 and biochemica1 ana1yses. There are few representative studies (mainly for non-European examples) and mostly gene flow had been described anecdotically, in many cases not substantiated by unambiguous data (see also DoebJey 1989). In Europe the possibilities for gene tlow between crops and wild relatives is rather restricted. Especially the more important cultivated crops in Europe are alien plants geographically widely iso1ated from the ir relatives (maize, potato, tomato , cucumber, cucurbits, spinaeh, beans) or come into contact with wild relatives in very re stricted geographical areas, e.g.the Brassica crops, barley, rye, wheat, grape vine, or beet. A rather broad sympatric occurence of crops and relatives is true for some forage grasses and legumes, forest trees and some fruit trees or shrubs. Recently the gene flow problem became a topic of public interest because of the supposed risk with the cultivation of transgenic crop plants to contaminate the wild flora with undesirable genes through gene flow to the wild re latives (Kapteijns 1993, W6hrmann & Tomiuk 1993, Sukopp & Sukopp 1994, Brandt 1995). Ge ne tlow can oceur at different taxonomic 1evels. For the sake of convenience the following types can be di stingui shed: intraspecific, interspecific and intergeneric . We must be aware however that thi s grouping may be very much influenced by the taxonomic concept applied by the researchers. The ex tent of gene fl ow is governed by the breeding systems of the partners involved, the availability of pollinating agents, the planting des ign of the crop, the di stribution pattern of the partners, the di stance between them and their population sizes (Levin & Kerster 1974, Klinger & al. 1992). Even for the same partners it depends strongly on local conditions. The same is true for the direction of gene tlow, which can go to and t'rom the crop or in both ways. The se lection of the following examples of gene tlow is somewhat biased by personal preferences and by the attempt to concentrate on European plants. Other genera like Cucurbita, Helianthu5, Cossypium, Phaseolus, Pennisetum or Sorghum, that are al so relevant to thi s topic have had to be omitted. Infraspecific gene flow


This study aims to find out the activities of opening teaching carried out by English teachers to motivate students in class VII of SMP Negeri 10 Padang. This type of research is qualitative with a descriptive method. Data collection techniques are carried out through interviews, observations, recording and recording. Based on the results of research and discussion of activities for opening teaching by English teacher to motivate students in class, it can be concluded that the skills of English teachers in grades VII at SMP Negeri 10 Padang in opening lessons include: (a) arousing students' attention, namely variations in teaching styles, use of instructional media and patterns of interaction (b) generate student motivation, namely excited and enthusiasm, generate curiosity, and generate conflicting ideas (c) provide references, namely convey learning objectives and determine activity steps (d) demonstrate linkages, namely determining stepping stones, generating new knowledge, providing continuous material. Related to all of these indicators, the researcher found that the activities for opening teaching by English teacher have been implemented although not all indicators and the results of the researcher found that the teacher motivated student learning for opening teaching activities by creating an active learning process such as making eye contact, providing discussion with question then students answer according to their knowledge, teacher character such as friendly, and explain the material with clear intonation.


Prothrombin and factor X possess two high affinity and several low affinity lanthanide ion binding sites. In both proteins, the association constant of the high affinity sites is at least 50-fold greater than that of the low affinity sites. Moreover, metal bound to these high affinity sites is extremely difficult to displace. It has been proposed that one of the two high affinity sites in factor X involves Gla residues while the other involves β-hydroxyaspartic acid and no Gla residues. It is also known that ^H can be specifically incorporated into Gla residues at an acidic pH. We have determined that under nondenaturing conditions when Gla (synthetic or in proteins) is complexed to metal at pH 5.5, this specific 3H incorporation is blocked. Furthermore, we have found that β-hydroxyaspartic acid does not incorporate in the presence or absence of metal. When we incubated prothrombin or factor X (41 μM) with 3H2O in the presence of Tb3+ or Gd3+ (82 μM), we blocked 5.6 Gla residues per prothrombin and 5.5 Gla residues per factor X from 3H incorporation. Under these conditions, we calculated that >95% of the high affinity sites are occupied by metal. Thus, in prothrombin, an average of 2.8 Gla residues are involved in forming each high affinity site. If the Gla residues in factor X participate in forming only one of the two high affinity sites, then all 5.5 Gla residues blocked from incorporation must be involved in forming that site. However, this seems highly unlikely. We conclude that, as in prothrombin, both high affinity sites in factor X involve Gla residues (average 2.75/site). However, our data does not exclude the possibility of existence of a heterologous site containing both β-hydroxyaspartic acid and Gla residues.


Annals authors, reviewers, and readers are part of a learning community that is working to advance health and improve primary health care. Below we share tips to help each group enhance their role in this community. We invite you to refine and expand these tips by joining the discussion at


High pressure (about 200 MPa), which was realized by freezing water in a sealed autoclave, has been successfully applied to a high-yield Michael reaction of alcohols and α,β-unsaturated ketones in the presence of a catalytic amount of DMAP and LiClO4. Only a moderate yield was obtained under atmospheric pressure.


Control activities are the policies and procedures that are owned by management to provide assurance that management has done as it should. This research was conducted at PT. Riau Real Ranch Pekanbaru with the aim of analyzing internal control of merchandise inventory. This analysis was conducted descriptively and used a sign test with data collection techniques for interviews, observations, and questionnaires. Based on the results of the study, overall internal control over merchandise inventory has been running effectively, this is indicated in the components of the control environment, risk assessment, control activities, and information and communication that have been significant. Conclusion, internal control over merchandise inventory has run effectively.
Keywords: Analysis, Internal Control, Inventory


The aim of this paper is to define and set up an experimental procedure, based on active thermography, for the characterization of coatings for industrial applications. This procedure is intended to be a fast and reliable method, alternative to the consolidated one described in International Standards. In more detail, a classical active thermographic set up, and not a dedicated apparatus, was used for that aim, and data processing techniques referred to the analytical approach described in Standards. The active thermography procedure provided the measurement of the surface temperature of specimens undergoing a thermal excitation, applied by means of a laser pulse (Pulsed Technique). Temperature data processing, according to and adapting the Standard procedures, allowed to obtain thermal conductivity and diffusivity information. In particular, two coating processes (Atmospheric and Suspension Plasma Spray) applied to the same base material, Inconel 601, and the same coating material were investigated. These results were compared in terms of thermal properties variation with respect to base and coated materials, and in terms of different coating processes (APS and SPS). Obtained results were also compared to those available in literature.


All six isomeric mono-O-sulfates of beta-D-Galp-(1-->4)-beta-D-GlcpNAc-O-(CH2)8COOMe (LacNAc-MC) have been chemically synthesized and characterized by high resolution 1H NMR spectroscopy. Sulfation causes characteristic substitution-site-specific downfield shifts of 1H NMR signals. The 4C1 chair conformation of both pyranose residues of LacNAc are unaffected by mono-O-sulfation, and, with the exception of the 3-O-sulfate derivative, glycosidic torsion angles are also unaffected.


We introduce the notions of meet, semi-prime, and prime weak closure operations. Using homomorphism of BCK-algebras φ : X → Y , we show that every epimorphic image of a non-zeromeet element is also non-zeromeet and, for mapping c l Y : I ( Y ) → I ( Y ) , we define a map c l Y ← on I ( X ) by A ↦ φ − 1 ( φ ( A ) c l Y ) . We prove that, if " c l Y " is a weak closure operation (respectively, semi-prime and meet) on I ( Y ) , then so is " c l Y ← " on I ( X ) . In addition, for mapping c l X : I ( X ) → I ( X ) , we define a map c l X → on I ( Y ) as follows: B ↦ φ ( φ − 1 ( B ) c l X ) . We show that, if " c l X " is a weak closure operation (respectively, semi-prime and meet) on I ( X ) , then so is " c l X → " on I ( Y ) .


The areal data density of magnetic recording hard disk drives (HDDs) increases year by year, following a trend similar to Moore's law. However, the increase is not unbounded and there are some physical limits. As the density increases, the size of each magnetic grain shrinks. Finally the magnetic grain will be no longer thermally stable due to what is termed superparamagnetism. Above this point, the magnetic storage would be not reliable because the magnetic grains' orientations fluctuate randomly. To increase magnetic recording density to more than 1 Tb/in2 and break this limit, heat assisted magnetic recording (HAMR) is proposed. In HAMR systems, a more thermally stable magnetic material, one with higher coercivity, will be used as a recording layer. But the coercivity of this material at room temperature is so high that it is difficult for the writer to switch the magnetic orientation with current magnetic transducers. However, the coercivity drops sharply if the temperature is raised close to the Curie temperature. In HAMR systems, a laser is proposed as the means to heat the disk to the Curie point. Simultaneously the magnetic field is applied from the writer to switch the magnetic bits. The success of the magnetic switching is very sensitive to the media temperature [2]. If the temperature is too low compared with the Curie point, it will not be able to write any information into the media. Conversely, heating the media over the Curie point requires more energy and may bring a greater challenge for the head disk interface (HDI). It is very important to understand the local temperature distribution during the laser heating and to calibrate the laser power input for HAMR writing. Some work has been done to evaluate the temperature increase using both numerical and experimental methods [3, 4]. Tagawa et.al. observed the disk refractive index change during laser heating and compared it with the change under conventional oven heating. This is a good method to calibrate the laser power and get the average temperature but it has some limitations for getting the accurate temperature distributions because of the averaging effect for the refractive index measurement by ellipsometry.Copyright © 2013 by ASME


Background: Gallstones are common in Indian population and its treatment has shown a decisive shift from open to minimally invasive route. There is no doubt that laparoscopy require longer and steeper learning curve and incur higher cost, especially in the absence of health insurance to majority of suburban and rural Indian population. However, preferences of patients are changing rapidly due to better level of awareness and availability of healthcare facility. The guidelines issued by Medical Council of India on laparoscopic training for postgraduate surgical residents has shown favorable results for patients, junior faculties and residents.
 Aims: To study safety and efficacy of laparoscopic cholecystectomy in patients of cholelithiasis by comparing with results of open cholecystectomy by comparing use of Post-operative analgesia, Operative Time, Post-operative hospital stay, morbidity and mortality.
 Material and Method: It is a prospective randomized study of 100 Patients of cholelithiasis aged between 25 years to 65 years operated during 2011-2012 at a suburban teaching hospital. They were divided into open and laparoscopic cholecystectomy group by draw a lot method. Patient's written valid informed consent for the particular procedure was taken and the pros and cons of both the procedure were explained in detail to the patient. This study was done after due clearance of Ethical committee. Results: The median (range) operation time for laparoscopic cholecystectomy was 50-175 min (mean=103.98 min) and 35-95 min (mean=70 min) for open cholecystectomy (p<0.001). During the study period operation time for laparoscopic cholecystectomy showed a tendency to become shorter. The use of Injectable analgesics in case of laparoscopic cholecystectomy (Mean no. of days=1.5) is considerably less than open cholecystectomy (Mean no. of days=3.36). Conversion rate in literature in laparoscopic cholecystectomy ranges from 3% to 15% in well trained hands. In our series it is 6% in spite of being a teaching and training institution.
 Conclusion: Minimally invasive surgery is better than open cholecystectomy in terms of post-operative pain, analgesic requirement and early return to work. However, open cholecystectomy is preferred method for Surgeons in the beginning of their career and in case of difficult cholecystectomy.


Background and Objective: For more than a decade, breast cancer has been one of the most common forms of cancer among women around the world. The present article aimed to evaluate the protective activity of CEG-AgNPs against DMBA-induced mammary carcinoma. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, green synthesis and characterization of CEG-AgNPs were carried as well as IC50 against Mcf7 cell line and LD50 on mice were evaluated. A total of 24 adult albino mice were divided into four groups six rats in each. Group I was given an equal amount of distilled water, group II was received 80 mg kg1 b.wt., DMBA for 4 weeks, groups III and IV were treated with CEG-AgNPs (28.1 and 70.25 mg kg1) from the 5th week of DMBA administration for 4 weeks, respectively. Results: CEG-AgNPs were approximately 42.32±9.52 nm with a negative zeta potential of -17.44. It is IC50 against the Mcf7 cell line and LD50 is equal to 82.76 μg mL1 and 1405 mg kg1 b.wt., A significant normalization in plasma ALT, AST, AST and LDH as well as mammary MDA, TNF-α, IL-6, P53, SOD, GPx and GSH levels have been observed in CEG-AgNPs treated mice. Oral CEG-AgNPs administration has suppressed VEGF-C gene expression in DMBA-treated mice. Conclusion: The present results, biochemical, histological and MRI results showed that CEG-AgNPs have potent anticancer activity against DMBA-induced mammary carcinoma in mice by inducing the biosynthesizes of antioxidant biomarkers and suppression of cytokines gene expression.


The local population of the United Arab Emirates (UAE) constitutes less than 11.5 percent of the total population. In response to their growing numerical minority status, many Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) states, including the UAE, have become more stringent about their citizenship, nationality, and employment policies. The natural questions to follow are: Why have UAE nationality and citizenship laws diverged from the anticipated "opening" of nationality and citizenship policies that some assumed would accompany globalization? In the specific context of the UAE, what factors have shaped and changed these policies over time?


To identify factors that regulate the levels of immunoreactive digitalis-like substances (irEDLS) in body fluids, two studies were carried out. Plasma and urine levels of irEDLS were measured in uremic and normal subjects. Extracted material was fractionated (12 fractions) and assayed by digoxin radioimmunoassay. In four fractions, higher levels of irEDLS were found in uremic than in normal plasma. Urine from healthy subjects contained very high levels of irEDLS, but in urine collected from uremic patients irEDLS levels were similar to those in plasma. In another study, eight healthy subjects were given dexamethasone 1 mg orally and tetracosactide [an adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) analogue] 0.25 mg i.v., on separate occasions. Dexamethasone suppressed the plasma and urine levels of cortisol and irEDLS. ACTH increased the levels of cortisol in plasma and urine, and of irEDLS in plasma. Taken together, these results support the hypothesis that irEDLS are of adrenal origin. However, decreased renal clearance, rather than increased production or release, may be the main cause of increased plasma levels of irEDLS in uremia.


NPAs has developed since over 10 years as an annoying terrorizing to the managing an account part in our nation sending frustrating signs on the supportability and insurability of the influenced banks. NPAs bring up the credit danger of the banks. Operational viability of the banks is influenced by the nature of advances which thus affects the gainfulness, liquidity and dissolvability position of the banks. In this paper the creator has attempted to demonstrate the late patterns and its preventive measures to control NPAs in Indian keeping money segments in present situation on the premise of optional information sources.


The rheological fracture of lamellar rock is studied theoretically and experimentally by means of three--point bending test. A criterion of rheological fracture of rock is obtained, which confirms the result of the direct tensile test. Besides, the influence of bedding upon rheological fracture of rock is analysed, and experimental parameters are discussed in rheology. In addition, the creep fracture mechanism of rocks is explained with the viewpoint of hardening and softening effect, It is futher studied by renormalization group.


Abstract: In Letter I, 5, Sidonius Apollinaris gives to posterity the memory of his prestigious journey from Lyon to Rome. This study explores how the author gives an account in which memory (§ 1 memoratu) takes a central place, how he reworks the travel narrative, plays with a rich literary memory (Horace, Vergil, Lucan, Pliny the Younger…) and builds self-memory. The re-evaluated memory of Silius Italicus, Prudentius and Claudian's VI Panegyricus of Honorius is crucial in arguing that Sidonius renews the places of memory and excludes pagan elements. He also gives a testimony of his Christian faith and a discreet criticism of General Ricimer.


Objective To study the dynamic changes of AQP4 expression between Intracerebral Haemorrhage(ICH)models and Deferoxamine(DFO) intervention models.To explore the mechanism and role of AQP4 and DFO in edema formation after ICH.Methods ICH was established by infusing autologous blood into rat putamina;Immunohistochemistry and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) method were respectively used to evaluate AQP4 protein and mRNA expression in different group and distinct period of time.Results AQP4 positive cells mostly located in astrocyte in the perivascular glial feet processes in the brain.As compared with the sham operation groups,there appeared a significant increase of AQP4 protein expression in all ICH models and DFO intervention models;At 7 day,the AQP4 protein expression reached its maximum in ICH models and DFO intervention models;At 7 and 14 day,in DFO groups AQP4 protein expression decreased remarkably than ICH groups.There showed a significant enhanced expression of AQP4 mRNA in all ICH models and DFO intervention models at 3,7 day compared with sham operation controls;At 3 day,AQP4 mRNA expression reached its maximum in ICH models and DFO intervention models;AQP4 mRNA expression decreased significantly in DFO models than ICH groups;There were descending trend in DFO models with the time extended;there were no differences between DFO models and controls at 14 day.There were positive correlations with AQP4 mRNA and AQP4 protein expression.Conclusions AQP4 may play a key role in edema formation and absorption after ICH,DFO was likely to be a new effective agent to intervene brain edema formation after ICH.


In this work we generate the numerical solutions of Burgers' equation by applying the Crank-Nicholson method and different schemes for solving nonlinear systems, instead of using Hopf-Cole transformation to reduce Burgers' equation into the linear heat equation. The method is analyzed on two test problems in order to check its efficiency on different kinds of initial conditions. Numerical solutions as well as exact solutions for different values of viscosity are calculated, concluding that the numerical results are very close to the exact solution.


The author cited how 'confinement' of cattle had garnered a bad name with some. The author sets out to prove otherwise with quotes from those involved by this practice and supplements it with his own facts.


OBJECTIVE
Blenderized tube feedings (BTF) may present disadvantages over commercially prepared formulas (CPF). This study compares the microbial safety, nutritional content, and physical properties of BTF versus CPF.

METHODS
A total of 18 samples of BTF were collected from 3 hospitals in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia from August 1999 through to November 1999. Samples of a CPF were collected for comparison. All samples were analyzed for nutritional content, microbial quality (aerobic plate counts, coliform counts, microorganism growth) and physical characteristics (viscosity, osmolality).

RESULTS
The nutrient content of BTF varied significantly within and between sites. The average intra site variability for all sites ranged from 16-50%. The average variability of the CPF was 4-7%. Between sites, the mean concentration of most nutrients varied by 2-3 fold. The BTF had considerable differences between actual and expected nutrient concentrations, reaching statistical significance in 12 nutrients. The measured concentration of most nutrients in the CPF was within 10% of expected values. The BTF samples had higher viscosity and osmolality than the CPF. All samples of BTF had detectable aerobic plate counts that increased significantly over 4 hours (p<0.0005). Coliform contamination varied between sites, with 100% contamination at one site. No aerobic plate counts or coliform counts were detected in the CPF samples.

CONCLUSION
There is a high degree of variability in nutrient content and physical properties with BTF. Furthermore, BTF are highly contaminated, increasing the risk of nosocomial infections. For these reasons, CPF should replace BTF.


Environmental Sound Classification (ESC) plays a vital role in the field of machine auditory scene. Recently, the Highway Network CNN model has achieved the state-of-art results via solving the vanishing-gradient problem of much deeper CNN. However, carefully analyzing the Highway Network model shows that the Highway Network model lacks ability to maximize information flow between layers, which is essentially benefits the discriminative representation of acoustic events. Besides, the Highway Network model size is larger than 20MB for ESC task, which is still large for mobile applications. Regarding to these two issues, in this study, we propose a novel Densely Connected Highway Convolutional Network (DCH-Net) model for ESC task. Specifically, a densely highway module is developed which is able to ensure the maximum information flow between layers by connecting all layers directly with each other. Besides, to reduce the model size, a global average pooling layer is designed which replaces the traditional fully connection layers and the parameters of the model is greatly reduced. Experimental results show that our DCH-Net ESC model achieves accuracy of 69% and 90% on ESC50 and ESCIO dataset respectively, which is 2% and 10% higher than that of Highway Network based Highway networks ESC model. Meanwhile our model size is only 2MB.


In the world of letters of modem time, Liu Zhengyun undoubtedly is an outstanding novelist with distinctive writing style. This paper mainly discusses his novel creation in terms of the tran sition of his creative style as well as the power consciousness creati ve style embodied in the novels.


In vitro antioxidant effect and in food sanitation for loquat flower tea were studied based on its water extract.The result showed that total antioxidant capacity of the tea was up to 1 126.4U·g-1 and was 2.18 times of it in jasmine.Its ability in scavenging hydroxyl radicals was 6.04×105 U·g-1,equivalent to it of green tea.The total antioxidant capacity of loquat tea changed with storage temperature and kept stably within 60 days under 4℃.The total bacterial colony number was 500CFU·g-1 and no Coli group detected,which met the food sanitation requirements by trade standards and local standards for substitute tea.


Contents: Preface Exploring research and policy advocacy on the ground Creating change in coalition: the Federation of Protestant Welfare Agencies, Lori McNeil with Bich Ha Pham Building power for low income New Yorkers: community voices heard, Lori McNeil with Sondra Youdelman Taking advocacy to the people: homelessness outreach and prevention project Reframing the politics of hunger and poverty: the New York City Coalition Against Hunger, Joel Berg with Kerry Birnbach and Theresa Hassler Don't talk about us, talk with us: picture the homeless, Lynn Lewis with Lori McNeil Toward a social change framework References Index.


This edition has continued since 2006 tropical cyclone season our effort to provide standard tropical cyclone summaries by the western North Pacific basin and detailed reviews of operationally or meteorologically significant tropical cyclones to document significant challenges and shortfalls in the tropical cyclone warning system to serve as a focal point for research and development efforts. The tropical cyclone season of 2009 in the western North Pacific basin is summarized and the main characteristics of general atmospheric circulation are described. Also, the official track and intensity forecasts of these cyclones are verified. The total number is less than 59-year (1951~2009) average frequency of 26.4. The 2009 western North Pacific season was an inactive one, in which 22 tropical storms generated. Of these, 13 TCs reached typhoon (TY) intensity, while the rest 9 TCs only reached severe tropical storm (STS) and tropical storm (TS) intensity - three STS and six TS storms. On average of 22 TCs in 2009, the Korea Meteorological Administration official track forecast error for 48 hours was 219 ㎞. There was a big challenge for individual cyclones such as 0902 CHAN-HOM, 0909 ETAU, and 0920 LUPIT resulting in significant forecast error, with both intricate tracks and irregular moving speed. There was no tropical cyclone causing significant direct impact to the country. The tropical cyclone season in 2009 began in May with the formation of KUJIRA (0901). In September and October, ten TSs formed in the western North Pacific in response to enhanced convective activity. On the other hand, the TC activity was very weak from June to July. It is found that the unusual anti-cyclonic circulation in the lower level and weak convection near the Philippines are dominant during summertime. The convection and atmospheric circulation in the western North Pacific contributed unfavorable condition for TC activity in the 2009 summertime. Year 2009 has continued the below normal condition since mid 1990s which is apparent in the decadal variability in TC activity.


We study the relations between gas-phase metallicity (Z), local stellar mass surface density (Σ*), and the local star formation surface density (ΣSFR) in a sample of 1120 star-forming galaxies from the MaNGA survey. At fixed Σ* the local metallicity increases as ΣSFR decreases or vice versa for metallicity calibrators of N2 and O3N2. Alternatively, at fixed ΣSFR metallicity increases as Σ* increases, but in the high mass region, the trend is flatter. However, the dependence of metallicity on ΣSFR nearly disappears for N2O2 and N2S2 calibrators. We investigate the local metallicity against ΣSFR with different metallicity calibrators and find negative/positive correlations depending on the choice of the calibrator. We demonstrate that the O32 ratio (or ionization parameter) is probably dependent on star formation rate at fixed local stellar mass surface density. Additionally, the shape of Σ*–Z–ΣSFR (fundamental metallicity relation; FMR) depends on metallicity calibrator and stellar mass range. Due to the large discrepancy between the empirical fitting-based (N2, O3N2) electronic temperature metallicity and the photoionization model-dependent (N2O2, N2S2) metallicity calibrations, we conclude that the selection of metallicity calibration affects the existence of FMR on ΣSFR.


Background and Objectives : Although the standard management of an abdominal aortic aneurysm ( AAA ) is surgery, endovascular stent - graft treatment is more attractive for patients with significant co - morbid conditions. We evaluated the immediate and mid - term outcomes for the endovascular treatment of AAA. Subjects and Methods : Between November 1996 and August 2004, 59 patients with an AAA ( 53 males, mean age 68.0 ± 9.6 years, 3 cases with ruptured AAA ) underwent an endovascular stent - graft repair at our institute. All patients were evaluated by an angiography, taken just after the completion of the procedure and at followed up with computed tomography ( CT ) at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months, and yearly thereafter. Results : Technical success was achieved in 54 of the 59 patients ( 91.5% ) . The periprocedural mortality rate was 3.4% ( 2 of the 59 patients ) . A primary endoleak was found in 12 patients ( 20.3% )( type I ; 9 patients, type II ; 2 patients, type III ; 1 patient ) , 2 of which required subsequent surgical conversion. Spontaneous resolution of an endoleak was seen in 4 patients ( 33.3% ) . The average follow - up period of 57 patients was 27.5 months ( range from 72 days to 2581 days ) . In 8 patients ( 14.0% ) , a newly developed secondary endoleak was documented. A total 14 patients ( 23.7% ) died during the follow - up period ( rupture ; 3, operation - related sepsis ; 3, unrelated causes ; 3, cardiac arrest ; 1, unknown causes ; 4 ) . The cumulative survival rates at 30 days and at 1 and 2 years were found to be 93.0, and 85.7 and 76.3%, respectively, using Kaplan - Meier methods. Secondary intervention was required in 12 patients ( 21.8% ) , and surgical conversion in 4 ( 6.8% ) , with 2 ( 3.4% ) requiring conversion to open surgery immediately after the intervention. In those with technical success, without endoleaks and graft failure, the survival rate during follow - up was higher ( 97.1% ; rate with the exception of unrelated cause of death ) than that of all the patients. Conclusion : The immediate and mid - term results suggest that the endovascular treatment of an AAA is technically feasible and effective. There was higher mortality and morbidity in primary and newly developed endoleak cases ; therefore, proper selection of cases, according to the anatomical and clinical criteria, is essential, meticulous regular follow - ups being critical for the optimal endovascular treatment of an AAA.


We examine multiple facets of the evolution of the gas content of galaxy groups. Complementing building evidence that a tremendous amount of galaxy transformation takes place in the group environment we find evidence of similar transformation of the gas content. In dynamically young groups galaxy-galaxy interactions appear to be responsible for depositing large quantities of neutral gas into the intergalactic medium. The gas content of dynamically evolved groups, however, is characterized by extended halos of diffuse hot gas. We also find that groups may harbor significant quantities of heretofore undetected baryons and that feedback from AGN may be responsible for heating the intragroup medium (© 2009 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


The study aims to determine factors of job satisfaction among staff in Universiti Malaysia Kelantan. Factors of leadership style of superior, workplace environment, job characteristics, support from co-worker and motivational factors have significant relationship with job satisfaction among staff.


Mediaeval times. Far too much is included under the heading of Strohbundelgemmen', so called because the bodies of standing figures look like stooks of straw. An attempt should be made to distinguish between what seem to be late Roman gems (pi. 126, i 1 and 2) and Byzantine and Mediaeval pieces, but a book on ancient glyptic is really i less appropriate for this than a volume on the sigillography of the Middle Ages. No excuse is required, however, for including the gems of the Renaissance and later (chapter XVI), for not only do they mark the revival of interest in the qualities sought by the artists and patrons of antiquity, but the methods employed in the eighteenth century (pp. 397-9) are most informative about the techniques of the ancient i gem-engravers. ' Taken all in all the range of this book is most impressive, a worthy companion to other volumes in the series and it deserves to find its way onto library bookshelves and onto the shelves of students of the classical past who care for those qualities of > beauty, virtuosity and intrinsic value that the Greeks and Romans themselves ' considered valuable.


In electronic engineering and control theory, a step response plays a fundamental role to evaluate the response of a system to its inputs change from zero to one in a very short time. From a practical standpoint, knowing how the system responds to a sudden input is important because large and fast deviations from the long term steady state may have extreme effects on the component itself and on other portions of the overall system dependent on this component. In addition, knowing the step response of a dynamical system gives information on the stability of such a system, and on its ability to reach one stationary state when starting from another.


In this article, a topology for energy conversion oriented to water pumping for irrigation in remote areas is proposed. A micro-hydraulic turbine working at fixed speed, in a "run-off-river" configuration, drives a centrifugal pump through a variable electric transmission (EVT). An EVT based on induction machines was selected, with the stator directly connected to a weak AC grid but the internal rotor fed by a variable frequency drive, allowing an adjustable pump speed. The grid supplies a base power for residential consumption, while the hydro turbine increases the available power for irrigation and thus augmenting productivity of the land uphill and beyond the vicinity of the watercourse. The grid also provides an assistance function, absorbing/delivering a reduced amount of power in case the hydraulic resource is excessive/insufficient for the requested water pumping. As the turbine delivery is constant, the water pumping requirement establishes the power exchanged between turbine, AC grid and pump. For this reason, an analysis to quantify the power flow in the system components for different pump speeds has been carried out. The system modeling is described and computer simulations, using a specific pump speed profile, are presented to validate the performed theoretical analysis.


Several technologies for composite coating preparation,which were fully developed and promising,were briefly illustrated,and the advantages and disadvantages were analyzed.The progress of many kinds of composite coatings on common metal and alloy surface were reviewed.In addition,the solutions for existing problems were put forward and some viewpoints for further development of composite coating of composite coating were suggested.


Experiments are described involving the low-energy scattering of electrons from the two optical enantiomers S- and R-2-butanol. Using a synchrotron radiation photoionisation source on the ASTRID storage ring, scattering spectra are reported between a few meV and 140 meV at an electron energy resolution of 1.6 meV. These data show electron dichroism at 35 meV, for scattering into the backward hemisphere, with a cross-section of 202.1 ± 8.0 Å2 (4σ) and 182.8 ± 9.0 Å2 (4σ) for S- and R-, respectively, with the racemic mixture lying at the average value. No dichroic effect could be detected in the integral cross-section within the accuracy of the experiment. A brief qualitative discussion is given of a possible electron dissociative attachment mechanism for the creation of homochirality in space, including a new feature involving feedback through enhancement of electron polarisation through scattering from non-racemic mixtures of enantiomers.


The microbial population in intestinal tract colony of the healthy and diarrhea pigeons was analysed to reveal the relationship between the normal microbial population change and pathogenesy.The results showed that the aerobia quantity in diarrhea pigeons was more than 100 times as more as in healthy pigeons,but the anaerobian quantity was about 10% of the healthy pigeons.The variance was significant.