Work during the past year involved two aspects: (1) electrolysis experiments on a larger scale than done before, and (2) collaboration with Carbotek Inc. on design for a lunar magma electrolysis cell. It was demonstrated previously that oxygen can be produced by direct electrolysis of silicate melts. Previous experiments using 50-100 mg of melt have succeeded in measuring melt resistivities, oxygen production efficiencies, and have identified the character of metal products. A series of experiments using 1-8 grams of silicate melt, done in alumina and spinel containers sufficiently large that surface tension effects between the melt and the wall are expected to have minor effect on the behavior of the melt in the region of the electrodes were completed. The purpose of these experiments was to demonstrate the durability of the electrode and container materials, demonstrate the energy efficiency of the electrolysis process, further characterize the nature of the expected metal and spinel products, measure the efficiency of oxygen production and compare to that predicted on the basis of the smaller-scale experiments, and identify any unexpected benefits or problems of the process. Four experimental designs were employed. Detailed results of these experiments are given in the appendix ('Summary of scaling-up experiments'); a general report of the results is given in terms of implications of the experiments on container materials, cathode materials, anode materials, bubble formation and frothing of the melt, cell potential, anode-cathode distance, oxygen efficiency, and energy efficiency.


CONTEXT: Escherichia coli is one of the most important causes of urinary tract infections (UTIs). Increased antibiotic resistance may limit the therapeutic options for the treatment of E. coli infections. Fosfomycin an orally dispensed antibiotic has shown promising in vitro activity against multidrug-resistant (MDR) urinary E. coli pathogen; however, current resistance data from India are scarce. AIM: The aim of this study is to evaluate the in vitro Fosfomycin activity against uropathogenic MDR E. coli. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 150 previously confirmed MDR E. coli urinary isolates were included in this study. Susceptibility testing and result interpretation of isolates to Fosfomycin was performed by the disc diffusion method as per the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute M100-S25 recommendations. RESULTS: Fosfomycin appears to exhibit excellent in vitro activity against the MDR E. coli urinary isolates. The susceptibility for Nitrofurantoin was fair, whereas for Ampicillin, Ofloxacin, Norfloxacin, Cefazoline and Trimethoprim/Sulphamethoxazole was found poor. CONCLUSION: In view of the high in vitro susceptibility to Fosfomycin in this population and the lack of cross-resistance between Fosfomycin and other agents, Fosfomycin may be considered a useful reserve drug in the treatment of uncomplicated UTIs caused by MDR E. coli.


It has been a fundamental problem to study the crossing number and the bridge index for an 1-knot. By spinning an arbitrary 1-knot about R2 in R4, we have a ribbon 2-knot in R4; therefore, for a ribbon 2-knot, we can also naturally induce notions corresponding to the crossing number and the bridge index. In this note, we will define these notions, and for a property on these notions, we will study a great contrast between 1-knots and ribbon 2-knots and in addition we will enumerate all ribbon 2-knots with the crossing number under four.


A research was designed to explore the effect of ibuprofen (IBU) as an intervening agent for prostaglandin biosynthesis on male and female reproduction of three species of Litopenaeus. Ovarian maturation was studied in L. stylirostris and L. vannamei injected periodically with IBU at 0.01 and 0.1 μg g−1 body weight (b.w.) and treated for unilateral eyestalk ablation. IBU at 0.1 μg induced a statistically (P < 0.05) higher rate of L. vannamei females with developing ovaries (45 ± 19%) as compared with controls (12 ± 8%) during 5 weeks; L. stylirostris did not activate vitellogenesis under this experimental protocol. IBU was also evaluated for male sexuality in L. occidentalis, L. stylirostris and L. vannamei. Periodic injections of IBU had no effect on sperm counts and spermatophore weights; however, sperm abnormalities in IBU 0.1 μg treated L. occidentalis and L. stylirostris were very low. In L. stylirostris, the renovation of normal spermatophores was remarkably improved in IBU treated males as compared with controls, but in L. vannamei spermatophore deterioration was not affected. The findings of this research support the hypothesis that prostaglandins are involved in penaeid reproduction playing a negative physiological role; however, altered steroidogenic pathways could also be involved.


In order to realize the quality of service for which the PDAM Buleleng motto of "Serving with excellence", it is necessary to analyze the quality of service to customer satisfaction in Buleleng PDAM Branch office Kubutambahan. This study aims to determine the service quality PDAM Buleleng Branch Office Kubutambahan to customer satisfaction seen from the dimensions of tangible, reliability, responsiveness, assurance and empathy, to determine the factors - factors that need to be maintained to improve the quality of service. Analysis of the data is Importance - Performance Analysis where the conformity of the highest on the attributes of the number 2 at 93.25%. While the lowest suitability value contained in the attribute number 15 amounted to 85.28%. Based on the placement of the attribute in each quadrant, the attributes that are in quadrant A is the number attribute 6,8,9,14 and 15. Attributes in quadrant B are 1,2,3,4,5 and 7. Quadrant C is 11.12 and 13. Quadrant D are attributes of the number 10. From the analysis of Customer Satisfaction Index values obtained 77.72% or 0.7772. That s, consumers and customers are satisfied with the service they received at the office of Buleleng PDAM Branch Kubutambahan because their satisfaction with the performance index PDAM Branch Buleleng Kubutambahan be in the range 0.66 to 0.80.
Keywords: Tangible, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, empathy and customersatisfaction


The edge detection of seam image is an important step to realize the vision seam tracking.The edge detection of seam binary image in horizontal position welding of single bevel groove was implemented by using an improved morphological edge detection operator:anti-noise-dilation-erosion operator.The edge detection result was compared with those of traditional detection operators,such as Roberts operator,Sobel operator,Canny operator,LOG operator etc,and those of typical morphological edge detection operators,such as erosion operator,dilation operator and dilation-erosion operator,respectively.The results show that the anti-noise-dilation-erosion operator has a good anti-noise property,and can detect the edge of seam image effectively,which is beneficial to the extraction subsequent image features.


This important new reference work constitutes the first comprehensive collection of writings on the major financial centres of the world. Publication is timely in view of the moves to European financial integration, the dynamic rise of new centres, particula


AbstractThe effect of methane/hydrogen (CH4/H2) reactive ion etching (RIE) and a subsequent annealing process on AlGaAs/GaAs and pseudomorphic AlGaAs/InGaAs/GaAs heterostructures has been investigated, using low temperature Hall, Shubnikov–de Haas, and photoluminescence measurements. It is observed that the electron density and mobility of the two-dimensional electron gas in the heterostructure are strongly reduced by the RIE process. After annealing, the electron density and the electron mobility recover fully for the pseudomorphic AlGaAs/InGaAs/GaAs heterostructures. This is confirmed by photoluminescence measurements at low temperatures. For the AlGaAs/GaAs heterostructures the electron density recovers fully, but the electron mobility recovers to only 60% of the reference value at 4·2 K. This indicates that in the AlGaAs/GaAs heterostructures the structural damage induced by RIE is not fully removed by thermal annealing. Shielding of the influence of the plasma treatment by incorporating a silicon δ-d...


Objective To explore the therapeutic effectiveness,the toxic and side effects and the change of stability in the compatible application of injectios of bupleurum and gentamycin sulfate so as to verify the applicable possibility of these two injectios.Methods Physicochemical analysis,pharmacological test,thin-layer examination,microbiological assay and observation of clinical verification were used to carry out systematic study.Results The stability of the compatibility of both injections works well,the antipyretic effect has been strengthened with no dovious influence on potency,with no evident toxic and side effects and with no bad reaction.Conclusion The compatibility of these two injections has stable quality with reliable therapeutic effectiveness and safe application.


The chapter is a discussion of two competing traditions in American Working-Class life writing, what I call the "ethnographic" tradition (which sees working-class life in terms of the Boasian concept of "culture") and a "performative" tradition (defined as a writing back against the classificatory practices of instutionalised social science. It also comprises a close-reading of the work of Hamilton Holt (the "lifelets"), Emma Goldman, The WPA, Mike Gold, and August Spies.


m ◦ (m× IdG) = m ◦ (IdG×m) : G×G×G→ G, m ◦ (e× IdG) = j1 : Spec(k)×G→ G, m ◦ (IdG×e) = j2 :G× Spec(k)→ G, e ◦ π = m ◦ (IdG×i) ◦∆G = m ◦ (i× IdG) ◦∆G : G→ G, where j1 : Spec(k)×G ∼ −→ G and j2 : G× Spec(k) ∼ −→ G are the natural isomorphisms. (ii) A group scheme G over k is said to be commutative if, letting s : G × G → G × G be the isomorphism switching the two factors, we have the identity m = m ◦ s : G×G→ G. (iii) A homomorphism of group schemes f : G1 → G2 is a morphism of k-schemes which commutes with the morphisms of multiplication, inverse and identity section.


Objectives The aim of the study was to investigate if perceived muscular tension predicts future neck–shoulder symptoms and arm–wrist–hand symptoms in symptomfree office workers. Methods Data were used of a prospective cohort of 1951 office workers with a follow-up duration of 2 years (the Prospective Research On Musculoskeletal disorders among Office workers (PROMO) study). Perceived muscular tension and covariates were measured using self-report at baseline and at 1-year follow-up. Symptoms were assessed every 3 months using self-report. According to their perceived muscular tension, participants were classified into three groups: 'never tensed', 'sometimes tensed' and 'often tensed'. Neck–shoulder cases and arm–wrist–hand cases were identified based on the transition of 'no' or 'sometimes' pain to 'regular' or 'prolonged' pain. Generalised estimating equations were used to estimate rate ratios (RRs) for becoming a new case. Results Perceived muscular tension predicted future neck–shoulder symptoms and arm–wrist–hand symptoms, even when adjusted for symptoms in the past. The RRs for perceived muscular tension in relation to future neck–shoulder symptoms were higher than for future arm–wrist–hand symptoms. Participants who were sometimes or often tensed had a 2.9 and 4.4 times higher risk, respectively, of becoming a future neck–shoulder case than those who were never tensed. For arm–wrist–hand symptoms, the risk of becoming a future case was 1.5 and 2.3, respectively. Conclusions Perceived muscular tension predicted future neck–shoulder symptoms and arm–wrist–hand symptoms. Future research should further explore the concept of perceived muscular tension and what role it has in the onset of symptoms in order to make use of it in interventions to prevent symptoms.


Mathematics education, as a field of study, comprises numerous and diverse research traditions including those of philosophy, sociology, psychology, history, and, of course, mathematics. The nature of mathematics educational research, as a result, is therefore complex. What questions are asked and what constitutes "fact" are aspects of this research. To study the appropriateness of questions and fact, Uprichard (1982) proposed a hierarchy of levels of educational research ranging from theory construction to validation. In this editorial and commentary, his levels in the context of current research initiatives such as action research are revisited, with a view to determining characteristics required for appropriate matches between research methods and the nature of research questions posed. A Field of Study Academically, education is a field of study that examines issues related to teaching and learning, curriculum and schooling, as well as, for example, political and economic components. Each of these areas of focus necessarily is influenced by the disciplines which comprise this field - disciplines of psychology, sociology, philosophy, history and of the teaching-subject components themselves such as mathematics. Educational research is therefore complex given the collection of diverse research traditions inherent to the component disciplines. With respect to this complexity, in a 'forum for researchers' paper related to quality issues in mathematics education research, Simon (2004) stressed that all fields of study within education from time to time need to reconsider their standards for research quality. In mathematics education over the last 20 years, he noted that "sweeping changes in the acceptance and subsequent predominance of qualitative research" (p.157) have occurred and indicated that "with the challenges from outside, particularly in political arenas", much discussion is now crucial to ensure growth and strength of the field. Further, the strengthening of research in mathematics education rests not on an acceptance of a set of criteria, but rather on a dynamic and ongoing discussion of what constitutes this research quality. Thus, in this paper I intend to examine selected relevant concerns in the context of a hierarchy of levels of research proposed by Uprichard (1982).


This text is an accessible guide to developing 'extra-ordinary' teachers. Its main theme is the application of Gardner's 'Multiple Intelligences' to leadership and education. The book is divided into four sections. The inclusion of various ex-ercises and checklists ('workbook format') make it a useful resource. Although written in relatively straightforward language, it introduces key psychological con-structs (intelligence, disposition, positive psychology, and principles of inclusive education).Section1 puts the topic into context and provides some helpful insights into leadership. Section 2 describes Gardner's Multiple Intelligences (MI) before introducing the assessment scale, and subsequent profile of MI developed by the first author (Branton Shearer). It provides step-by-step applications of the MI theory. The third section focuses on leadership and career planning. The final section explores rele-vant, practical, and cultural aspects of MI by comparing the UK and US education systems.Thebook would have many applications to educational/developmental psychologists: development of leadership (professional and personal), understanding diverse intelligences, and heightened self-awareness of skills and strengths. It would be a valuable asset to schools and other formal education settings. In my opinion, the value of Gardner's MI theory is recognising that individuals learn in different ways. It is especially worthwhile for those practitioners who promote a shift away from a 'one size fits all' approach to schooling. As a provisional book's emphatic suggesting 'intelligence narrow debate versus 'traditional' IQ.


2042 Background: Adoptive cell therapy using tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) is effective against solid tumors with convincing evidence. But T-cells infused were exhausted when they encountered PD-1-mediated immunosuppression in the microenvironment. Here, we generated a modified autologous TILs secreting antibody targeting PD-1 (PD1-TIL), and conducted a first-in-human, two arms, phase 1 study (NCT03347097) in recurrent glioblastoma who had a poor prognosis with estimated 6-9 months of median overall survival (OS). Methods: Patients were included to be treated with PD1-TIL or TIL cell products intravenously every one month following surgery. The primary endpoint was safety and feasibility. The secondary endpoints were disease control rate (DCR), OS, immunologic responses and biomarker analysis. The clinical response to cell therapy was assessed by MRI according to iRANO criteria. Here, patients with clinical benefit (CR, PR, and SD) were defined as responder. Results: A total of 21 consecutive patients (median age 45 years, range 20–64) received infusions of cell products (7 patients for PD1-TIL with 1 excluded, 14 patients for TIL with 2 excluded). 52% (11/21) and 29% (6/21) of 21 patients had methylated MGMT promoter and IDH1/2 mutant respectively. No significant differences in baseline characteristics between groups were found. Both of PD1-TIL and TIL infusions were well tolerated with no unexpected high-grade adverse events. Of 7 evaluable patients in PD1-TIL group, 1 had PR for more than 26 months, 2 had SD lasting for 7.7 months and 24 months, and 4 had PD after infusion. The DCR, 1-year and 2-years survival rates in PD1-TIL group were 43% (3/7), 86% (6/7) and 29% (2/7) respectively. In TIL group, 3 patients had SD and the others had PD. The DCR, 1-year and 2-years survival rates in TIL group were half of that in PD1-TIL group. Survival analysis showed that patients treated by PD1-TIL had extended OS than those received TIL (16.1 vs. 11.2 months, P = 0.047). Among 21 patients, clinical responders had significantly improved OS (30.9 vs. 10.7 months, P = 0.001) than non-responders. We also found a high capacity for engraftment and persistence of infused TILs in peripheral blood which could be detectable at 6 months after treatment. Existence of neoantigen-reactive T cell clonotypes in cell products may be important for responding because missing of missense mutations predicted to generate a neoantigen after cell therapy was a remarkable signature in responders. Responsive tumors were also associated with tumor microenvironment profiles. Conclusions: This first-in-human study establish the preliminary feasibility, safety and encouraging efficacy of PD1-antibody-secreting TILs, and may constitute a new treatment strategy by T-cell genetic engineering in glioblastoma. Clinical trial information: NCT03347097 .


Nowadays, a monitoring technology has attracted attention in the factory automation fields regarding IoT (Internet of Things). However, it is difficult to monitor the process information from a round tool during rotating operation in machine tools. We therefore develop a novel tool holder equipped with a wireless communication function to monitor tool temperature and vibration. In the present report, we attempt to measure the inner temperature in drill tool and investigate the influence of feed rate and cutting speed on it. Moreover, we attempt to measure the tool vibrations in the rotational and radial direction in countersinking process. As a result, we demonstrated that the developed method with a wireless system is effective to estimate the tool temperature in drilling processes and the tool vibration in countersinking processes.


Background : In 2008, the World Health Organisation (WHO) urged health sectors to lead by example in undertaking sustainability initiatives to protect people from the effects of climate change.1 Organisational focus and commitment to sustainability encourages employees' uptake of environmentally responsible behaviours.2 Purpose : To explore organisational commitment to sustainability in two public healthcare organisations – NHS (UK) and Queensland Health (Australia). Methods : The strategic plans for Queensland Health (released 2016) and NHS (released 2017) were uploaded into Leximancer® text analytic software and a Quadrant Overview map produced. Prominent concepts were compared. Results : The Quadrant Overview did not reveal any concepts in either strategic plan document relating to climate change mitigation, the environment, or sustainable development initiatives. Conclusions : Until sustainability is embedded in public health organisations' DNA and articulated in strategic plans, sustainability initiatives at hospital level will be slow to occur. Both top-down and bottom-up support for sustainability is required for action. References 1. World Health Organisation. Protecting Health from Climate Change - World Health Day 2008 [cited 2011 27 July]; Available from: http://www.who.int/world-health-day/toolkit/report_web.pdf 2. Gladwin TN, Kennelly JJ, Krause T-S. Shifting Paradigms for Sustainable Development: Implications for Management Theory and Research. The Academy of Management Review 1995.20(4):874-907.


LIONEL COLLEDGE. THE PRESIDENT congratulated both Mr. Colledge and those who had taught the patients on the superb result. He could not think of any of his own patients who could compete with those of Mr. Colledge. He would like to ask Mr. Colledge how he set about teaching them and whether they had lessons before the operation, as had been advised in certain quarters. NORMAN PATTERSON had himself tried and failed to accomplish what Mr. Colledge had succeeded in doing, although he had carried out numbers of laryngectomies. MUSGRAVE WOODMAN said the mutilating effect of the operation had brought discredit on laryngectomy, but if patients could produce such a voice as did those of Mr. Colledge that feeling should disappear. Many cases of the kind in question went into the hands of radiologists and radium experts, but he thought that the operation should still have its place in surgery. He had treated a fairly large number in his time, and he could not remember any where the voice was so good as in Mr. Colledge's cases. J. C. HOGG said he had learned a great deal from this excellent series of cases. On talking to them he had learned that apparently there was no need for any elaborate or specialized teaching afterwards ; in fact, they very kindly told him that the secret of the whole thing was a bottle of soda water and a boiled sweet to suck. E. COWPER TAMPLIN said that his experience had been that patients treated by radium or deep X-ray were usually fairly miserable. Mr. Colledge's, on the other hand, were a happy, laughing crowd, and that was one very striking difference, of great importance to the patient. Another point, to which Mr. Colledge himself had drawn attention, was that the hemilaryngectomy case did not talk as well as the " total ". LIONEL COLLEDGE, in reply, said the President has asked how the patients were taught. Some taught themselves, some were taught by Mr. MacMahon, and some were taught by the ward sister who had been present that afternoon. The fact that they could talk was nothing new. He saw in 1914 in the clinic of Professor Gluck a man who talked very well, but he was looked on as $. lusus naturae. All efforts at that time to get patients to talk were devoted


Reading is a part of our daily lives. It is performed both for pleasure and information. Reading skills are important for the individuals since they foster comprehension in reading. If the students do not have knowledge of reading skills, they cannot be expected to be successful readers. Thus, they cannot achieve the level of comprehension required to pass exams in their own departments. For this reason, reading skills should be taught in universities for the students to be able to cope with comprehension problems. This case study aims to find out whether or not reading skills has a role on the reading comprehension ability of Turkish EFL students. This study is both a qualitative and a quantitative study which lasted for a duration of 14 weeks. Two groups were selected (experimental and control) among prep classes at Kahramanmaraş Sütçü Imam University. Both groups were administered a pre-test and questionnaire at the beginning of the study to find out if they were aware of reading skills. In addition, 10 students were chosen randomly for interview. During the study, reading skills were infused into the curriculum through designing lesson plans in accordance with the language content and topics for level C students, as determined by the Common European Language Framework. The lessons required the students to use reading skills before, during, and post reading. At the end of the study, the same questionnaire was re-administered. The students were given the post-test and then interviewed. The quantitative data were analyzed through descriptive statistics. The obtained data revealed that the students enhanced their comprehension ability provided that they were taught to use reading skills.


We report a study of the H30α line emission at 1.3 mm from the region around Sgr A* made with the Submillimeter Array at a resolution of 2″ over a field of 60″ (2 pc) and a velocity range of –360 to +345 km s−1. This field encompasses most of the Galactic center's "minispiral." With an isothermal homogeneous H ii model, we determined the physical conditions of the ionized gas at specific locations in the Northern and Eastern Arms from the H30α line data along with Very Large Array data from the H92α line at 3.6 cm and from the radio continuum emission at 1.3 cm. The typical electron density and kinetic temperature in the minispiral arms are 3–21×104 cm−3 and 5000–13,000 K, respectively. The H30α and H92α line profiles are broadened due to the large velocity shear within and along the beam produced by dynamical motions in the strong gravitational field near Sgr A*. We constructed a three-dimensional model of the minispiral using the orbital parameters derived under the assumptions that the gas flows are in Keplerian motion. The gas in the Eastern Arm appears to collide with the Northern Arm flow in the "Bar" region, which is located 0.1–0.2 pc south of and behind Sgr A*. Finally, a total Lyman continuum flux of 3 × 1050 photons s−1 is inferred from the assumption that the gas is photoionized and the ionizing photons for the high-density gas in the minispiral arms are from external sources, which is equivalent to ∼250 O9-type zero-age-main-sequence stars.


Spearman's rank correlations indicates that correlated strongly positive and negative corrected pH, EC, Ca, HCO3, Mg, SO4, Na, K and Cl. It was observed that the main cause of deterioration in water quality is due to the lack of proper sanitation, unprotected river sites and high anthropogenic activities. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) indicated that Cl had very close relation with K, Mg, Cl and dissolved solid. It was concluded that the Spearman's rank correlations, principal component analysis were very useful for an assessment of hydrochemical characteristics of the Cauvery River, Tamil Nadu and India.


The electronic structure of M' type GdTaO 4 is studied by first-principle pseudopotential calculation within the frame of density-functional theory. The calculated band structure of M'-GdTaO 4 revealed that the top of the valence band is dominated by O-2p and the bottom of the conduction band is dominated by e orbits of Ta-5d. The spin-up and spin-down electrons of Gd-4f are located at 627 eV below the top of the valence band and at 301 eV above the bottom of the conduction band when on-site Coulomb interaction U eff =8 eV is applied. The calculated refraction index of M'-GdTaO 4 is 224 which is in good agreement with the result abtained from the Gladstone-Dale relation.


Along with some international and regional conventions or exhibitions were held successfully in China these years,convention and exhibition economy and MICE tourism have been a heat point.However,MICE tourism is still immature because it's on the initial period for China.The paper analyzed its development situation in China from mid-90s to nowadays,and then points out its weak points and existing problems in our country through an analysis of two facts:software and hardware.After that,the paper summarizes opportunities and good points of China to be a capable and strong country of MICE tourism in the future.


A novel and facile method for preparation of stable nanofluid is introduced, in which fecl(3)center dot 6h(2)o and urea were used as reactants without any surfactants. the obtained solid sample was proved to be beta-feooh by xrd technology and spindle-shaped by tem technology. the coexisting nh(3) molecules may be the main reason for the stable nanofluid. the weak bonding between nitrogen and iron atoms would be formed. the investigation on the excess heat capacity of the obtained nanofluid sustains this opinion. the heat capacities of the obtained beta-feooh particles and the nanofluid were determined by an adiabatic calorimeter. and these obtained results will help the applications of beta-feooh and the nanofluid to industry, and the establishment of the model of thermal conductivity of nanofluid. the thermodynamic properties of the obtained beta-feooh particles and the nanofluid were calculated based on the obtained functions of heat capacity with respective to thermodynamic temperature and the relationships between the thermodynamic properties.


The heat island structures of the Fukuoka metropolitan area have been investigated through the observations of temperature in winter and summer from Dec. 26, 2003 to Sep. 14, 2004. In the daytime of both seasons, the Fukuoka metropolitan area is heated almost uniformly over the whole area. Typical heat island structures are formed in the nighttime of both seasons. In the nighttime in summer, the highest temperature is observed at the center of the Fukuoka metropolitan area. Therefore, a concentric and closed pattern of isothermal lines is formed. In the nighttime in winter, the temperature decreases monotonically towards the rural area from the coastline. Therefore, the isothermal lines take on a v-shaped profile. The heat island intensities in both seasons become the highest in the nighttime.


Abstract 980 Telomerase is a ribonuclear protein complex that functions to maintain the integrity of chromosomal-end structures (telomeres), and thereby enables continued cell replication. The active telomerase holoenzyme includes telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) as its catalytic core, an RNA component (hTR) that functions as a template for synthesis of telomere repeats and an RNA-modifying protein dyskerin, which stabilizes TERC within the telomerase holoenzyme. While telomerase activity is high in acute myeloid leukemia cells, low levels of telomerase enzyme activity are detected in human CD34+ progenitor cells (HPCs). Telomerase activity is increased by cytokine stimulation of HPCs, then downregulated during myelomonocytic cell differentiation. Data accumulated to date suggest that telomerase enzyme levels are principally determined by Myc-mediated transcriptional regulation of the gene encoding hTERT, although the dyskerin gene (DKC1) is also a known Myc target. Our studies of the regulation and function of telomerase in human myeloid cells utilize cord blood-derived HPCs subject to ex vivo expansion and differentiation along specific myeloid lineages. Our past results revealed for the first time, that in contrast to the repression of telomerase activity observed during granulocytic, monocytic and megakaryocytic differentiation, telomerase activity was upregulated during erythroid differentiation, to reach levels comparable to tumor cell lines in CD34-/Glycophorin A+ erythroid precursor cells (Schuller et al., Leukemia 21: 983–991. 2007). Here we show that the upregulation of telomerase during erythroid differentiation is accompanied by a parallel increase in dyskerin mRNA and protein expression. In contrast to dyskerin expression, but consistent with the pattern of hTERT expression in other myeloid lineages, TERT gene expression was downregulated to a minimally detectable level in erythroid precursor cells. Chromatin-immunoprecipitation revealed that while Myc-binding at the DKC1 promoter decreased, binding of the erythroid-specific transcription factor GATA-1 increased during erythroid differentiation. Overexpression of DKC1 in HPCs confirmed that the upregulation of dyskerin was sufficient to hyperactivate telomerase, while shRNA-mediated depletion of dyskerin from erythroid precursors cells suppressed telomerase activity and decreased expansion of erythroid precursor cells. These data are the first to demonstrate a cellular context in which the upregulation of dyskerin drives telomerase enzyme activity. Further, the results implicate GATA-1 in the regulation of DKC1 transcription and show that high levels of dyskerin are required to sustain proliferation of Glycophorin A+ erythroid precursors. These results have important implications in relation to the pathogenesis of the inherited syndrome dyskeratosis congenita in which the DKC1 gene is mutated, and illustrate a novel mechanism by which telomerase may be reactivated in myeloid leukemia. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


It is expounded that photon technology possesses the position in present day electron technology as well as such courses offered in electron technology specialties are of great importance. For the teaching in electron technology specialties,it is necessary for photon technology courses to merge into present courses system in order to cultivate the compound type of future technicians with the abilities of making innovations. Taking the contradictions of arduous and miscellaneous courses into account, we regulate the photon technology courses into three model blocks: Laser Technology course, Photoelectron Technology course and Optical Fiber Communication Technology course, with the related introduction of background, significance, tendency and synopsis. Strengthening the basis and broadening the specialized scope, for these courses should be emphasized.


A method is proposed to diagnose climate feedbacks of water vapor, temperature lapse-rate, and cloud variations in atmospheric general circulation models. It is then applied to study differences in sensitivity of the National Center for Atmospheric Research community climate model (CCM2) and two hybrid versions of CCM2 with different cumulus-convection schemes. Water vapor feedback and temperature lapse-rate feedback differ among the models due to different efficiencies of heat and moisture transport by cumulus convections. A large compensation occurs between water vapor feedback and temperature lapse-rate feedback. This leads to similar clear-sky sensitivities in the models. Cloud-radiative feedback is negative in CCM2 with a ΔSST climate change due to the vigorous cumulus-convective scheme. Stronger convection warms the upper troposphere and reduces its cloudiness more, resulting in negative longwave cloud-radiative feedback. In models where a moist-adiabatic-adjustment scheme and then a decoupling of the atmospheric boundary layer are subsequently used, intensity of cumulus convection is successively reduced and cloud-radiative feedback changes to either neutral or positive.


The endogenous cannabinoid anandamide and the plant‐derived cannabinoid Δ9‐THC differ in their pharmacology, e.g., anandamide modulates a number of ion channels and has higher efficacy than Δ9‐THC at cannabinoid CB1 receptors. Modifying the chemical structure of anandamide has yielded compounds (R‐methanandamide) with greater metabolic stability than anandamide and others (arachidonylcyclopropylamide; ACPA) with greater selectivity for CB1 relative to CB2 receptors. The effects of Δ9‐THC, ACPA, and R‐methanandamide were characterized, alone and in combination with the CB1 antagonist SR 141716A, in rhesus monkeys discriminating Δ9‐THC (0.1 mg/kg i.v.). ACPA and R‐methanandamide substituted for the Δ9‐THC discriminative stimulus and were 6‐ and 18‐fold less potent, respectively, than Δ9‐THC. SR 141716A (0.32 and 1 mg/kg) dose‐dependently antagonized the discriminative stimulus effects of Δ9‐THC, and also antagonized the Δ9‐THC‐like effects of ACPA and R‐methanandamide. Single‐dose apparent affinity analysis for SR 141716A (0.32 mg/kg) in combination with Δ9‐THC, ACPA, and R‐methanandamide yielded pKB values of 6.7, 6.9, and 6.2, respectively. These results suggest that the same mechanism (e.g., CB1 agonism) is responsible for the discriminative stimulus effects of Δ9‐THC and structural analogs of anandamide.


The financial crisis in 2008 caused a worldwide economic disruption, and also led to growing in-depth thinking. This article considers the governance role of the accounting conservatism on capital market irrational behavior, the disposition effect, from the angle of accounting. We find that conservatism has apparently offset the effect of "overestimate "and "underestimate" caused by the disposition effect. From an accounting level, we find the governance mechanisms of compensating the inaccurate pricing of market, and the research provides a powerful basis for investors, market regulators and standard setters.


KUO, HENG HUNG. The Determinants of Exit Behavior under a Structurally Changing Industry: Evidence from the U.S. Swine Industry. (Under the direction of Kelly Zering) This study estimates the determinants of the exit behavior in a concentrating industry that encounters industrial restructuring. The swine industry has experienced the dramatic change in many perspectives, especially farm size and operation numbers, in the United States in past decades and the process still continues. Characterized by industrialized hog production, hog industry provides available data and a significant case study for exploring the issue related to structural change and exit behaviors. This study uses U.S. swine industry data to explore the factors that affect small producers' quitting decision. Balanced panel data for 14 major hog production states from 1988-2003 was collected. Fixed effects models and random effects models, either one-factor or twofactor are all considered in this study. By observing the aggregate leaving pattern: exit rates, we can evaluate how exogenous shocks, macroeconomic conditions, technological improvement and scale of production, drive small-farm operators' decision-making. Moreover, this study evaluates two driving forces of leaving behavior, voluntarily or nonvoluntarily. It is implied that timing of leaving is important. In addition, this paper evaluates the existence of a crowding-out effect among large-scale modernized entrants and small traditional family producers' exit. Comparing the models by R-square, F-test and Hausman test, this study chooses one-factor random-effects model as the major results and two-factor fixed-effects model as auxiliary results. Whether the exiting behaviors of producers, especially for smaller producers, are volunteering or forcing to leave, that is related to the fairness of competition within the industry. In this study we find out new large-scale entrants do not displace the incumbents. It means that the crowding-out force does not happen between large-scale producers and small-scale producers. Alternatively, we find out that the expanding larger producers' hog operation sizes pressure the small producers to leave swine industry. As for this expanding is benign or hurtful, this study does not provide the evidences to judge. As for technology improvement, it affects the survival space for smallest hog producers. It implies that smallest category of producers have difficulty to access the improvement technology. Furthermore, technology improvement plays a buffer role for producers with scale of 100-499 head of hogs. It implies that for producers in this category need to change its efficient capacity, match the necessity of improved technology and/or raise the management skills to survive in this business. Also the unemployment rate plays a guiding role for smallest and second-smallest producers' decision-making of quitting hog business. Illustrate the exiting behaviors might increase the forecasting precision of supply for the whole industry, especially established the relationship between exit behaviors and supply, that might help clarifying further hog cycles. In this study we conclude that hog price is the factor to affect the incentives of producers with scale of 100-499 head. In addition, from this study, we do not observe that state-specific factors affect the exit behaviors of small producers strongly enough. It implies that state-level public programs or policies, such as environmental regulation, do not have crucial influence on small producers' exodus. THE DETERMINANTS OF EXIT BEHAVIOR UNDER A STRUCTURALLY CHANGING INDUSTRY: EVIDENCE FROM THE U.S. SWINE INDUSTRY


The constructional column,ring beam and floor slab can provide masonry structures with good integrity, which are earthquake-resistant constructional measures that contribute to the anti-seismic capacity of masonry structures. Firstly,in order to study the influence of structure integrity on seismic performance,an integrity indicator was obtained by analyzing the effects of structural columns,ring beams and floor slabs on integrity of brick masonry structures. Secondly,a damage degree indicator was proposed which considers the contribution of the structural integrity and structure bearing capacity based on the analysis of data from Wenchuan earthquake investigation. It can be taken as one of the structural seismic capacity indicators for seismic evaluation. A quantitative relationship between damage degree and the damage degree indicator in different seismic intensity zones was established. Meanwhile, damage degree judgment values were obtained and the effect of changes of earthquake intensity and damage degree impact on the judgment values was discussed according to the above-mentioned quantitative relationship. Finally,the wall damage degree was analyzed by taking many multi-story brick masonry structures into account. Results show that, the damage degree indicator and the damage degree judgment values can be used for accurately evaluating the damage degree of different orientation walls and for evaluating the seismic performance of masonry structures.


Objective To investigate the change of serum neuron specific enolase(NSE)and Prolactin levels in children with simplicial febrile convulsion(SFC)and to explore its clinical significance.Methods Serum NSE and PRL were determined in 35 children with SFC,23 febrile children without convulsion and 23 healthy children.Results Compared with febrile and healthy group,the serum NSE levels in SFC group(P0.05),but there was not obvious difference between febrile and healthy group(P0.05).Serum PRL levels showed no statistically significant difference among three groups(P0.05).Conclusion NSE is a de- tectable,specific and stable marker for brain damage.Serum PRL is useful for differential diagnosis of convul- sion.SFC might be related to the pathogenesis of brain damage rather than epilepsy.


Objective
To investigate the acceptance testing of the photon beam model in Axesse accelerator in Monaco and Oncentra treatment planning systems (TPS), in order to establish an integral method for the acceptance of both systems at the same time.

Methods
The conflicting parameters of the two TPSs were determined before acceptance, and the corresponding parameters in the accelerator were adjusted to the overlapping values. The acceptance test was performed from the aspects of point dose, surface dose, and characteristic simulation of multi-leaf collimator (MLC). The test case for point dose was designed based on TRS430, TG53, and practical situations. The test case for surface dose included conventional radiation field and intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) cases. The test of the characteristics of MLC included concave-convex groove, leakage, and values of" offset" and" Gain" .

Results
The error of most point doses were within 4%, and only some measuring points in the penumbra region and outside the radiation field had an error of>4%. The γ pass rate of the surface dose tests and IMRT cases was>90% at a value of 3 mm/3% except three test cases. Oncentra could only simulate the situation with a positive offset value of MLC, but Monaco could simulate the situation with both positive and negative offset values of MLC.

Conclusions
The results show that this method can accurately validate all the parameters of the two systems and realize the accurate acceptance of Monaco and Oncentra systems with Axesse accelerator. Both Monaco and Oncentra models can meet the needs for clinical calculation.

Key words:
Threatment planning system commission; Multi-leaf collimator test; Dose verification; Error analysis


Incidence  of low birth weight in Bengkulu City has increased from 7,86% in 2009 to 11.50% in 2010. One effort to increase the stimulation of growth and development in LBW infants is infant massage.The factors that influence it are knowledge and motivation. The perpose of this study was to determine the relationship of knowledge and motivation of midwives in private practice in the implementasi of inflant massage. This study uses an observational design with a descriptive cross sectional approach, total sampling from 59 BPS. Retrievel of data using the primary data through questionnaires. Analyzed by univariate and bivariate chi squer. The results obtained that almost half of respondents did not perfort inflant massage. There was a significant association between knowledge of midwives in private practice with the implementation of inflant massage (p=0.00) and there was a significant association between the motivation of BPS with the implementasi of inflant massage (p= 0.009). the conclusion from the result of this study is there is a significant relationship between knowledge and motivation of midwives in private practice to the implementation of inflant massage.


In the past decade, there is a various debate on Green marketing according to the segmentation of Green consumer characteristic, the decision making as to what factors actually influence consumer's intention to buy Green product and what level the Green consumer actually is. In addition, past research found that Marketers don't have adequate tools for Green marketing strategy and the sufficient tools for determining consumer's attitude and behavior in Environmental concern. Business' commitment to the environment also has often been more evident in their communications than in their actual practices. Therefore, the propose of this research is to replicate previous research and provide a modern and reliable view. This concept supported by Neff&Thomson (2007) which state that the consumer who weren't willing to pay more for green product in the past are willing to do so now. To fill the gap that Green marketing literature is not well supported with theory, this paper will identified the most relevant theories to explain and will try to seek the appropriate framework by investigating factors in predicting consumer's intention to buy green product and demonstrate how marketing strategy influence to the intention to buy green product in the clear understanding.


This paper describes results from an experimental and theoretical study of the effect of Electrohydrodynamic (EHD) force on the boiling curve in pool boiling. AE-3000 (Asahi Glass Co., Ltd.), which is a dielectric liquid and has a boiling point of 56 °C, was selected as a working fluid. A boiling surface was electrically grounded, and an electrode was placed above the boiling surface at various heights of 200-400 μm. The slits were made in the electrode, which had several hundred micro meters, so as to remove vapor bubbles from the boiling surface by electrostatic force. In this study, the effect of the electric field and of the electrode heights over the boiling heat transfer was investigated. As a result, the maximum heat flux showed 64 W/cm2 by the application of electric field of -5kV/mm, which was three times over pool boiling. The theoretical model exhibits the essential feature of the effect of electric field on the boiling heat transfer and shows good agreement with experimental results.


Objectives: The association between the presence of antinuclear antibodies (ANA) and mortality has been rarely reported. The present study explored the value of ANA as a predictor of overall survival in children and adolescents. Methods: Patients younger than 20 years who underwent ANA testing in Chang Gung Memorial Hospital (CGMH) from 2000 to 2008 were enrolled in this study. Mortality was ascertained by using the National Death Registry of Taiwan. Positive ANA titres were categorized as low (1:40 to 1:80), medium (1:160 to 1:320), and high (≥ 1:640). Results: A total of 13 345 subjects (6579 males, 6766 females) were enrolled during the 9-year study period. The overall prevalence of low, medium, and high ANA titres was 20.8% (n = 2774), 6.0% (n = 804), and 2.5% (n = 338), respectively. During 45 140 person-years of follow-up, 146 deaths were identified and the crude mortality rates were 3.8 and 3.0 per 1000 person-years for subjects with positive and negative ANA test results, respectively (p = 0.130). Compared with ANA-negative subjects, the adjusted hazard ratio (HR) for all-cause mortality among those with a high ANA titre was 5.18 [95% confidence interval (CI) 3.13–8.57]. A low-to-medium ANA titre was not associated with increased mortality. Among the 18 deaths in individuals with a high ANA titre, 14 were due to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). In comparison, five out of 34 deaths among those with low-to-medium titres of ANA and none of those with negative ANA were related to SLE. Conclusions: Children and adolescents with high ANA titres should receive greater attention and monitoring to prevent unfavourable outcomes because they have a higher mortality risk than those with negative ANA results.


Ti-SBA-15 mesoporous materials with different Si/Ti molar ratios were synthesized via a hydrothermal process and characterized by using various techniques. The effect of Si/Ti molar ratios in the gels on the structure and catalytic efficiency in epoxidation of cyclohexene was discussed in details. The results showed that all the Ti-SBA-15 materials retained SBA-15 mesoporous structure and exhibited good catalytic activity. Furthermore,the sample prepared with Si/Ti =50 exhibited the best catalytic performance under the reaction conditions.


Delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) remains an unpredictable, devastating complication seen in 17%–40% of patients following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). DCI remains elusive to early detection, and recent advances in neuroimaging have failed to provide a safe and effective diagnostic tool to identify the subgroup of patients among aSAH who are prone to develop DCI. The authors have attempted to adress this issue by pooling the available data from the literature.[1]


from the tumour, the wall of which has, for the greater part, a whorled appearance, and is composed of dense white tissue, save for numerous cystic spaces which are scattered throughout, some of which are lined by pale yellow tissue similar to that described above. In the uterine wall is a small seedling fibroid. The endometrium is smooth and pink. Microscopic sections were taken from four areas of the wall of the tumour, and all proved to be leiomyosarcoma. About ten days after the operation, when I received the report on the specimen from the Pathological Institute at the London Hospital, I considered whether it would be wise to re-operate for removal of the cervical stump; but I decided against this course, arguing that if the sarcoma cells had permeated as far as the cervix they would also have permeated the blood-vessels and tissues of the broad ligament and beyond.


399 healthy men aged 21-45 participated in a clinical trial of weekly injections of testosterone enanthate at 15 research centers in nine countries in Asia Europe Australia and the US. During the period between initial injection and achievement of azoospermia or oligozoospermia on three consecutive semen assays the female partners used contraception. Even though men in the Asian centers achieved oligozoospermia later than those at the other centers (median 77 vs. 57 days; p = .003) they achieved azoospermia more quickly (median 91 vs. 112 days p < .001). 98% of the men in the efficacy phase of the study achieved azoospermia and 77% of them remained azoospermic throughout the trial. The overall pregnancy rate was 1.4/100 person-years. The pregnancy rate among azoospermic men was 0% 5.1% for men with sperm concentrations in the range of 0.1-1 million/ml 14.5% for men with concentrations of 1.1-2 million/ml and 28.3% for men with concentrations of 2.1-3 million/ml. At follow-up 64% of men had a normal sperm concentration (median time to recovery = 112 days). 34% returned to their baseline concentration (median time to recovery = 203 days). The relatively long period required for the onset of effective sperm suppression and for recovery of sperm production is a major limitation of the testosterone enanthate injection. The annual life-table discontinuation rate was 33% (12% for personal reasons). 5% withdrew due to difficulties with the injection. About 5% discontinued the injections due to side effects the most common of which were acne (80 men) abnormal breast tissue (24) and fatigue (22).


The shape of a transmission housing is derived from function and space of the contained transmission. It can be best characterized by a free geometry stiffened by ribs. From an environmental point of view, the housing provides an oil-tight hull of the transmission. From a structural point of view the housing is a stiff connection between the bearings of the transmission. Due to assembly reasons, housings usually consist of several parts, which are bolted together. Then, after final design, the question is, can we reduce the weight of the housing by reducing the wall thickness of the frequently cast parts of the housing? Additional conditions are a stress limit due to durability reasons and a displacement limit at the bearing positions to keep the overall stiffness of the housing. The design of a transmission essentially depends on the contact behaviour between gears, in the bearings, and between the bolted parts of the housing. Consequently, a full solid modelling of all parts including gears, bearings, and bolts is required. In addition, the shape optimization of the housing has to use contact analysis as basic analysis method. Due to the free surface geometry of transmission housings, only a nonparametric freeform optimization can be used, which has to be combined with parametric constraints like displacement limits. The presentation will show the freeform optimization of an industrial example provided by ZF Friedrichshafen AG to reduce weight by wall thickness changes under stress and displacement constraints. The optimization integrates contact analysis in one single software (PERMAS). This drastically reduces the run time for the optimization.


Abstract Interpersonal psychoanalysis is not well known outside the northeastern United States, yet it has been present since the 1930s and has influenced psychoanalysis all over the world. In this article, the origins of interpersonal psychoanalysis are described, providing at least a partial explanation for this widespread ignorance. Interpersonal psychoanalysis no longer finds much of its definition by an opposition to ego psychology, as it did in its early days. Today, instead, the more significant question for interpersonal psychoanalysis is how, and whether, it can be differentiated from relational psychoanalysis. This is especially important for those who, like me, identify as both interpersonal and relational. Interpersonal thinking was the heart of Mitchell's original conception of relational psychoanalysis. I argue that interpersonal psychoanalysis remains a coherent psychoanalytic perspective, defined by radical field theory; a deemphasis on unconscious fantasy and repressed memories as templates for conscious experience; an emphasis on fantasy as mystified experience; a correspondingly greater emphasis on the embeddedness of the past in the forms of the present; and most of all, the continuous, unconscious, mutual influence of the subjectivities of analyst and patient on one another.


This thesis examines the emergence of the nation in the British Empire in the process of thinking about empire, economy and biology during the late-Enlightenment and the nineteenth century. A key aspect of this, Knapman argues, was concern over the dialec


The experiment of environmental microbiology is a compulsory professional experiment course for environmental specialty curriculum.Based on the cultivation of advanced and applied talents to meet the social needs,the teaching reform idea and measures of the experimental course of environmental microbiology have been detailed mainly from the teaching objectives,teaching content and teaching method and so on.Those teaching reforms with good teaching effect can provide a useful practice and exploration for the cultivation of high quality applied talents.


One of the most effective ways for a dolphin to perceive its environment for the purpose of prey detection is to use its active and passive (listening) sonar capabilities. Acoustic energy propagates in water more efficiently than any other form of energy, so that an active sonar capability is ideal for life in an aquatic environment. Dolphin sound emissions can be classified into two broad categories: narrow-band-frequency-modulated continuous tonal sounds, referred to as whistles, and broadband sonar clicks that have durations between 50 and 200μs (Evans 1973). Passing air back and forth through a set of nasal passages, which creates a narrow beam of sound, first produces the click sound. This sound is then passed through a fat-filled cavity in the head called the melon. In the melon, the sound is culminated so that the dolphin can actively direct the clicks without wasting energy due to scattering the sound. When searching for a target, dolphins usually emit bursts of clicks referred to as a click train. The interval between clicks appears to be a function of the distance from the target. Other factors such as the difficulty of detecting a target, the presence or absence of a target of interest, and the animal's expectation of finding a specific target also affect the click train.


BACKGROUND The new 20 mg/mL hyaluronic acid (HA) dermal filler is a smooth, highly cohesive, viscous formulation developed to restore volume in aesthetic facial rejuvenation. OBJECTIVE Evaluate clinical experience with 20 mg/mL HA dermal filler to date and comment on its current and potential uses within the facial rejuvenation treatment paradigm. METHODS AND MATERIALS In this paper, the authors review the unique physical and chemical properties of 20 mg/mL HA dermal filler as well as clinical experience with the product to date. RESULTS Overall, the 20 mg/mL smooth, cohesive, viscous HA filler was especially effective in restoring volume in the malar region and chin. Volume loss resolved significantly in patients in clinical trials1 and treatment effects were observed to be maintained from six to 18 months.2 Physicians reported the agent was highly effective as well as easy to inject, sculpt and mold. The treatment was generally well tolerated and no instances of product migration from the injection site have been reported. Patient satisfaction was high, with the vast majority of trial participants acknowledging they would return for additional treatment and recommend the treatment to friends.1,2 CONCLUSION Initial experience shows the 20 mg/mL smooth, cohesive, viscous HA filler to be a useful addition to the facial rejuvenation armamentarium when used both alone and in combination with BTX‐A. This activity was supported by an educational grant provided by Allergan, Inc. Drs. Alastair and Jean Carruthers are consultants for Allergan, Inc. Editorial support was provided by IntraMed. Jennifer Kraemer and Lindsay Craik are editorial assistants for IntraMed.


Manufacturing servitization has become a significant trend in recent years, as what the manufacturing enterprises provide change from products to service packages. Manufacturing servitization is described as the innovation of business model. In the "new normal" economy, the rapid development of manufacturing servitization will give impetus to industrial transformation and upgrading. In order to analyze the key factors in its success what should be taken into consideration, the paper builds a business model analysis framework which is comprehensive enough to cover both macro and micro aspect, and gives suggestions to the government and the enterprise to promote the development of manufacturing servitization.


We studied the state-resolved dynamics of S1 acetaldehyde to product channels with quantum-beat spectroscopy. Two bands near the threshold of dissociation to radical products CH3+HCO in a supersonic jet, displaying most quantum-beat features, are recorded with resolution 0.025 cm−1. Evaluated on the basis of a simple asymmetric rotor, the origins of these two bands 1402−1501 and another denoted # are 31 275.045(1) and 31 523.263(1) cm−1; effective rotational constants of excited state are A=5.7883(1), 5.0408(3), B=0.33269(2), 0.32320(2) and C=0.31026(2), 0.32091(2) cm−1, respectively; large A value results from lack of consideration of torsional motion. For these two vibrational levels most rotational states (about 70 percent) display quantum-beat features attributed to coherently excited singlet–triplet eigenstates. The linewidth in transformed spectra for level #, ∼125 cm−1 below the dissociation threshold, increases with increasing total angular momentum J whereas level 142−151 that is 375 cm−1 below s...


This article examines the impact of the February Revolution of 1917 and the establishment of the Provisional Government in Russia on the Armenian nationalists' idea to construct an Armenian homeland in Transcaucasia and the Russian-occupied Ottoman territories. It explores the Provisional Government's administrative-territorial re-division, or redrawing project in Transcaucasia, as an expression both of the Armenian nationalist aim of constructing an Armenian homeland in the region with predominantly Armenian units, and of Russian imperial ambitions. The paper introduces the history of ideas of Armenian political parties, especially the major Armenian nationalist party Dashnaktsutiun, in relation to the Armenian homeland, the Caucasian Viceroyalty's initiatives on the zemstvo reforms in the region in 1905–16, and Armenian nationalist expectations of these reforms. It focuses on the attempts by the Armenians and Provisional Government to re-divide the predominantly Muslim Elizavetpol province (guberniia) into two new provinces – a Muslim-dominated Elizavetpol and an Armenian-dominated Gandzak province – as a background to the Armenian territorial claims to Garabagh, which continue to the present day. It also discusses the project's intentions to re-divide Erevan province, with its significant Muslim population, and the construction of a new Armenian-dominated Alexandropol province as parts of a bigger project of constructing an Armenian homeland in Transcaucasia.


Mustard [Brassica juncea (Linneaus) Czern and Coss] is an important oilseed crop extensively grown in India. It is usually rich in oil content (40%) and provides good source of edible oil. Near about 38 insect pests are known to be associated with rapeseed-mustard crop in India (Bakhetia and Sekhon, 1989. Among them, aphid, Lipaphis erysimi (Kaltenbach) is known to be a key pest and caused 69.61 per cent loss in yield (Singh and Sachan, 1994). For the management of this key pest, growers generally reliance on the use of insecticides which creates undesirable problems such as residues, development of resistance in pest to insecticides, resurgence, environmental pollution, toxic effects on natural enemies etc. To such as adverse effects, the identification and use of resistance/tolerant varieties is considered as best alternative for the management of the pest


Equilibrium constants for the formation of 1:1 cyanide ion σ-complexes with 1,3,5-trinitrobenzene, 2,4,6-trinitroanisole, and 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene have been determined spectrophotometrically over ...


In logic circuit design,transformation for logic function expression is essential for realizing special logic function with limited logic gates.An exploration is made to gain all kinds of logic function starting from AND-OR expression.The method and process to some usual logic function expressions are derived as well as to changing stander AND-OR expression based on special minterms into XOR expression.It's concluded that the method is simple and convenient,and design efficiency could be promoted.


In order to investigate the technology for extracting antibacterial substances from aniseed, escherichia coli,bacillus subtilis,staphylococcus aureus are used as indicator bacteria,the extraction rate and diameter of inhibition zone are used as the activity monitoring parameters.The optimum extraction conditions are obtained by RSM design.The results show that the optimum extraction conditions are:the ratio of liquor to material is 23(mL/g),immersed for 9.7h and extracted for 62min.


Phylogenetic relationships of the order Orectolobiformes were analyzed cladistically on the basis of comparative morphology of external features, skeleton, musculature, and sensory system. The order Orectolobiformes is a monophyletic lineage united by two synapomorphies: foramen for the ophthalmicus profundus fused with that for the ophthalmicus superficialis, and prominent inner process present on ceratobranchiaL A comparison of 22 orectolobiform fishes resulted in six most parsimonious cladograms reconstructed on the basis of 136 characters. The order Orectolobiformes is additionally supported by 17 apomorphies. Parascyllium and Cirrhoscyllium constitute a monophyletic group within Orectolobiformes supported by 41 apomorphies forming the suborder Parascylloidei and the family Parascylliidae. The other clade is supported by 24 apomorphies forming the suborder Orectoloboidei, and is divided into four succeeding clades. Brachaelurus is supported by eight apomorphies to be ranked in the family Brachaeluridae. Orectolobus, Sutorectus and Eucrossorhinus are supported by 16 apomorphies to be ranked in the family Orectolobidae, and synonymized in the genus Orectolobus based on the relationships. Hemiscyllium and Chiloscyllium form the family Hemiscylliidae supported by 13 apomorphies. Stegostoma, Ginglymostoma and Rhincodon are supported by 23 apomorphies and are ranked in the family Rhincodontidae including two incertae genera of Pseudoginglymostoma and Nebrius. Evolution of reproduction mode is proposed on the basis of the interrelationships. The common ancestor of Orectolobiformes had extended oviparity, and the ancestor of Orectoloboidei succeedingly acquired retained oviparity. Y olksac viviparity occurred in ancestors of the orectolobid-brachaelurid and Rhincodon-Ginglymostoma lineages, respectively, and extended oviparity was acquired secondarily in the ancestor of Hemiscylliidae.


The fact of the matter is that the composition of the council had changed considerably from 1667 to 1678, and that this had an impact on the balance of power in relation to Pajon. The first example of someone who took time to decide that Pajon and his followers needed to be checked is no one less than Pierre Jurieu, whose reputation as an opponent of Pajon hardly needs to be invoked. Claude, and certainly Jurieu, appear never to have agreed with Pajon's views on the Spirit's operation in grace. The theme of concursus thus gained in importance over the course of the Pajonist controversies, and moved the discussion in the 1670s well beyond the question of whether or not his views constituted 'Pelagianism'. Furthermore, for both Jurieu and Claude, their changed perception of Pajon's doctrine seems to coincide with and to have been motivated by its extension to concursus.Keywords: concursus; Jean Claude; Jurieu; Orleans; Pajon; Saumur


This report presents the results from analysis of samples taken from the headspace of waste storage tank 241-S-102 (Tank S-102) at the Hanford Site in Washington State. Tank headspace samples collected by Westinghouse Hanford Company (WHC) were analyzed by Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) to determine headspace concentrations of selected non-radioactive analytes. Analyses were performed by the Vapor Analytical Laboratory (VAL) at PNNL. Vapor concentrations from sorbent trap samples are based on measured sample volumes provided by WHC. Ammonia was determined to be above the immediate notification limit of 150 ppm as specified by the sampling and analysis plan (SAP). Hydrogen was the principal flammable constituent of the Tank S-102 headspace, determined to be present at approximately 2.948% of its lower flammability limit (LFL). Total headspace flammability was estimated to be <3.659% of the LFL. Average measured concentrations of targeted gases, inorganic vapors, and selected organic vapors are provided in Tables S.1. A summary of experimental methods, including sampling methodology, analytical procedures, and quality assurance and control methods are presented in Section 2.0. Detailed descriptions of the analytical results are provided in Section 3.0.


Objective To evaluate CT and MRI manifestations of primary central nervous system lymphomas (PCNSL) in pathologically confirmed patients,so as to improve imaging diagnostic accuracy of PCNSL. Methods The CT and MRI findings in 16 patients with pathologically confirmed PCNSL were analyzed retrospectively from January 2008 to August 2009. Of these patients,4 underwent CT plain scan,9 had MRI examination,and 3 underwent both CT and MRI examinations. Results All patients were diffuse larger B-cell lymphoma of B cell lymphoma pathologically. Twenty-nine lesions were identified in 16 patients,11 (69%) were identified to have solitary tumor foci and the other 5 (31%) presented a multifocal form with a total of 18 lesions. The most frequent locations were the cerebral hemispheres (41.4%),periventricular white matter (24.1%) and the corpus callosum (10.3%). In 5 cases,the tumor presented isodensity or slight hypodensity without hemorrhage or calcification on plain CT images. Nineteen (75.9%) lesions with isointense or hypointense signals on T1-weighted and isointense or slightly hypointense signals on T2-weighted images were detected on MR Imaging of 12 cases (25 lesions),which were similar to meningioma. All lesions showed no "blood flow". Most lesions presented obvious homogenous enhancement,the typical cases presented "incision sign" and "angular sign",especially for these lesions adjacent to the subarachnoid space. Three lesions were showed microcystic foci and the presence of "ring sign" after gadolinium injection. Conclusion CT imaging has limited values to qualitative diagnosis of PCNSL,and conventional MRI plays an important role to make accurate diagnosis in most patients with PCNSL,final diagnosis of the entity depended on pathology.


Projection regression is an important tool for process soft sensing in order to eliminate redundant information and obtain proper data features. As most industrial process is intrinsically nonlinear and process variables are collected in random noise environment, it is significant to adopt probabilistic nonlinear latent variable model to carry out dimension reduction for feature extraction before regression modeling. Generative topographic mapping (GTM) is such a probabilistic nonlinear model. However, GTM is an unsupervised method, in which the extracted features may include irrelevant ones with the output information. Thus, it may result in inaccuracy of soft sensor performance. To deal with this problem, a generative topographic mapping regression is developed based on supervised GTM in this paper, which incorporates the output information to guide feature extraction and projection regression. By utilizing the output to jointly generate the latent variables, output-related features can be extracted for output prediction. The effectiveness and flexibility of the proposed method are validated on a numerical example and an industrial process.


In order to understand the water quality condition of Dacha Lake in Wuhan,composition of phytoplankton in the lake was investigated from June 2010 to May 2011.A total of seven phyla,59 genera and 89 species of phytoplankton were identified from qualitative and quantitative samples.Based on the species and quantity of phytoplankton,biological assessment of water pollution and eutrophication condition was conducted by using the methods of indicator organism and biotic diversity index(Margalef and Shannon-Weiner index).In the phytoplankton community,Chlorophyta and Cyanophyta were dominant in both alga species and quantities,followed by Bacillariophyta.Of the pollution-indicating phytoplankton,the algae indicating α-ms and β-α-ms types of eutrophication were dominant,accounting for 48.72% and 23.08% of the total,respectively.The Margalef index and Shannon-Weiner index for phytoplankton ranged from 1.45 to 2.19 and from 1.64 to 2.95,respectively.The results indicated that the water quality of Dacha Lake was of moderate pollution(α-or β-moderate pollution),and the trophic status was in the state of eutrophication(α-ms or β-α-ms),mainly in the type of α-ms as revealed by the pollution-indicating algae.


TO EVALUATE the feasibility of green-cane harvest at San Carlos Sugar Mill in Ecuador, the agronomic parameters that may be affected when changing from burned to greencane harvest were evaluated. Two sites were harvested green by hand and compared with two adjacent sites that were also harvested manually but burned. Manual, greencane harvesting was found to be not feasible for San Carlos Mill due to the prohibitive increase in harvesting cost caused by the reduction in productivity of 68% of the field labourers. Subsequently, an experiment was undertaken with mechanical harvesters, comparing six sites that were cut green and another six adjacent sites that were burned before harvest. In mechanical green-cane harvest, the machine productivity was reduced by 43% and the trash content in the delivered cane was higher by 38%. Several advantages of the green-cane harvest were, however, found. The mass of crop residues that remained in the field after mechanical harvest was significantly larger under green harvesting (17.31 t/ha) when compared to the burned treatment (3.7 t/ha). The contents of P and K in the residues were the same, but N content in the green harvest residues (0.85%) was significantly higher than in the burned residues (0.55%). In addition, after green-cane harvest, the cost of weed control was reduced by 35% and of irrigation by 10%. While sucrose recovery was not affected, insufficient data were available to draw valid conclusions on cane yield. After considering the impact of all the parameters that were monitored, economic analysis currently favours burned-cane harvest. Conversely, we believe that if better trash-extraction was achieved and if the nutrient recycling of the trash blanket was quantified, the balance would tip in favour of green harvest. It is necessary to continue the evaluation of mechanical green-cane harvest to understand the conditions under which it is favourable and to assess its long-term effects on soil health and cane yield. Introduction In Ecuador, 100% of sugarcane cultivated for sugar production is burned prior to harvest. Currently, there are no legal constraints for burning. However, this might change in the future considering the environmental laws applied in several other countries with respect to burning and the general growing pressure on environmental regulations. In addition, green-cane harvesting with trash covering the soil (trash-blanket) could represent a more sustainable management option for many reasons. The main reason for burning is to reduce the total amount of biomass of the sugarcane to be harvested, in order that the labourer or the mechanical harvester can achieve a higher productivity and to reduce extraneous matter (trash) content that comes with the cane stalks to the factory.


Idiomatic expressions have received attention from linguists, especially those who have the lexicon as an object of study (ORTIZ ALVAREZ; XATARA, 2001). However, despite their recurrence in the colloquial variant of the language and the growing interest by scholars, previous studies have shown that general dictionaries usually do not present them and, when they do, inclusion is unsystematic and inconsistent with their lexical-semantic specificities. Therefore, the objective of this study is to verify the number of occurrences of a corpus of idiomatic expressions, to prove the need for receiving a lexicographic treatment that matches their specificities. The use of the web as a search tool is justified because it is, currently, the richest database in samples of the colloquial norm — language level in which the IEs are inserted.


Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a potentially fatal syndrome
of immune dysregulation that is classified into primary and secondary
forms. The standard of care is established with dexamethasone and
etoposide, but there are currently no guidelines for refractory HLH or
cases triggered by infection or malignancy. [1] We describe here a
series of pediatric patients with malignancy-associated HLH (m-HLH) to
discuss the complexities in the initial diagnostic considerations, the
balance of therapeutic regimens and their toxicities, and the novel use
of emapalumab and ruxolitinib in patients with refractory disease.


While collisionally excited lines in H II regions allow one to easily probe the chemical composition of the interstellar medium in galaxies, the possible presence of important temperature fluctuations casts some doubt on the derived abundan ces. To provide new insights into this question, we have carried out a detailed study of a giant H II region, H 1013, located in the galaxy M101, for which many observational data exist and which has been claimed to harbour temperature fluctuations at a level of t 2 = 0.03− 0.06. We have first complemented the already available optical observational datasets with a mid-infrared spectrum obtained with the Spitzer Space Telescope. Combined with optical data, this spectrum provides unprecedented information on the temperature structure of this giant H II region. A preliminary analysis based on empirical temperature diagnostics suggests that temperature fluctuations should be quite weak. However , only a detailed photoionization analysis taking into acco unt the geometry of the object and observing apertures can make a correct use of all the observational data. We have performed such a study using the Cloudy 3D package based on the photoionization code Cloudy. We have been able to produce photoionization models constrained by the observed Hsurface brightness distribution and by the known properties of the ionizing stellar population than can account for most of the line ratios within their uncertainties. Since the observational constraint s are both strong and numerous, this argues against the presence of significant temperature fluctuations in H 1013. The oxygen abund ance of our best model is 12 + log O/H = 8.57, as opposed to the values of 8.73 and 8.93 advocated by Esteban et al. (2009) and Bresolin (2007), respectively, based on the significant tem perature fluctuations they derived. However, our model is not able to reproduce the intensities of the oxygen recombination lines observed by Esteban et al. (2009), as well as the very low Balmer jump temperature inferred by Bresolin (2007). We have argued that the latter might be in error, due to observational difficulties. On the other h and, the discrepancy between model and observation as regards the recombination lines cannot be attributed to observational uncertainties and requires an explanation other than te mperature fluctuations.


DEAR EDITOR: The critical review on the potential merits of a nonlethal alternative to lethal fish sampling in support of environmental effects monitoring that appeared in IEAM's volume 15, issue 6 (Kambeitz et al. 2019) would appear to be raising more complications than it is quelling. The critical review's central thesis is certainly sound; it would be hard to imagine responsible environmentalists not favoring the development and implementation of nonlethal alternatives in required field assessment work, provided, of course, that the data quality to follow from a new approach would not be compromised. Beyond this thesis, though, the case presented in the critical review is troublesome, as follows. Conservative estimates of lethal fish sampling over a 15 y period in support of Canada's mandatedMetal and Diamond Mining Effluent Regulations (MDMER) are provided in the review along with the sentiment that the lion's share of the sacrifices could have been avoided. In a described worst‐ case scenario (i.e., where the upper bound of a rather sizeable plus/minus fish sacrifice estimate range was applied), some 80 000 fish are said to have been taken as part and parcel of the MDMER in place monitoring program for 8 metal mines. However, this total, when viewed on a per‐mine basis, finds that approximately 300 fish of each of 2 species were sacrificed annually through sampling. (If the lower bound of the fish sacrifice estimate should be applied, the figure drops to only about 170 fish per mine when expressed on an annual basis. It is noted that fish sampling generally occurs once every 3 y.) While it would surely be the preference of many, if notmost aquatic scientists that far fewer fish had been lethally removed, the annual per‐mine and per‐species lethal catch number is hardly shocking. Furthermore, wherever lethal fish sampling proceeds, be it for MDMER's needs or otherwise, I don't believe anyone is suggesting that lethal sampling has been decimatingmonitored fish populations for decades. It is noteworthy that nowhere in the critical review is it mentioned that a driver for the promotion of nonlethal fish sampling as a replacement for the standard fare is fish population protection. The critical review does not report reduced fish numbers over time in the sampled Canadian mines, nor does it suggest that the sampled populations might be larger today had the sacrificing not occurred. In the absence of reported information linking lethal sampling and suppressed populations, it is reasonable to opine here that if lethal sampling was jeopardizing or impinging on mine populations, this would be readily observable. Therefore, the critical review begs the questions of why consider going nonlethal, and why does it matter if/that nonlethal fish sampling provides data that is comparable to that generated through lethal sampling. Importantly, the review notes that, to date, there has been little discussion about strengthening the nonlethal fish alternative within the ecological effects program, or about incorporating nonlethal effect endpoints into the regulations. This author asks why these discussions need occur. Excuse the pun, but haven't we larger environmental fish to fry than lamenting over nonlethal fish sampling not catching on so well in the environmental monitoring arena? Reasonably, before promoting nonlethal fish sampling as a longed‐for sampling approach supporting environmental assessment, we would do better to strive for making inroads in the more fundamental and quintessential area of assessing fish health. The approach presently in vogue, well‐ annotated in the review, takes the form of evaluating the response variables of survival, energy use, and energy storage. It can be argued that this approach, and more to the point, the way that it is implemented, leaves much to be desired. While the authors are not responsible for having set the evaluative approach in motion, their critical review would have been so much more constructive had it highlighted a key approach failing. The approach classically demonstrates environmental assessment science's number one enemy—contentment with a way of doing things, and to a point where practitioners are unlikely to either recognize the lacking utility of the information routinely collected, or to devise a better way. The underlying tone of the critical review is that we possess the means for discriminating between healthy and nonhealthy fish populations (and that we can even accomplish this while sacrificing fewer fish). Other than demonstrations of waterbodies with age‐class sizes far askew of where they should be, however, the reality is that the touted endpoints of energy use‐growth, energy use‐reproduction, and energy storage are not health discriminating measures, and irrespective of these being lethal or nonlethal endpoints. To demonstrate, we hopefully all know that a fish with a gonad weight reduced by some 85% from the norm is, for all intents and purposes, incapable of making any reproductive contributions. In that extreme case, which probably never occurs in a monitored waterbody, there is barely any reproductive tissue left to support that biological process. For the common case, though, it is not known how much gonadal weight


Electrochemical SEIRA is the method of choice for characterizing a lipid-bilayer-anchored, membrane-bound hydrogenase immobilized on a gold electrode. This setup allows the study of the enzyme under conditions mimicking its natural environment. A single experiment provides all of the crucial spectroscopic information relating to the protein orientation, active site of the protein, and the lipid bilayer and also direct electrochemical determination of the catalytic H2 oxidation by the enzyme.


In this paper, we first design a time optimal control problem for the heat equation with sampled-data controls, and then use it to approximate a time optimal control problem for the heat equation with distributed controls. Our design is reasonable from perspective of sampled-data controls. And it might provide a right way for the numerical approach of a time optimal distributed control problem, via the corresponding semi-discretized (in time variable) time optimal control problem.
The study of such a time optimal sampled-data control problem is not easy, because it may have infinitely many optimal controls. We find connections among this problem, a minimal norm sampled-data control problem and a minimization problem. And obtain some properties on these problems. Based on these, we not only build up error estimates for optimal time and optimal controls between the time optimal sampled-data control problem and the time optimal distributed control problem, in terms of the sampling period, but also prove that such estimates are optimal in some sense.


© 2013 American Psychological Association. This article may not exactly replicate the final version published in the APA journal. It is not the copy of record. The original publication is available at www.apa.org; DOI: 10.1037/a0032627


In this work the area miniaturization of a rectangular microstrip patch antenna by inserting a slot parallel to the radiating edges, is investigated in relation to the quality factor. This slot forces the surface currents to meander, thus artificially increasing the antenna's electrical length without modifying the patch's global dimensions. A significant decrease in the resonant frequency is observed, depending on the slot's length and width. The resultant antennas can be characterized as small antennas in accordance to the relevant fundamental limitations.


The rheumatic diseases, including the rheumatoid and osteo-arthritic types of arthritis and non-articular rheumatism, constitute by far the most important cause of crippling. A person suffering from a serious cardiac lesion is also in a sense crippled, so that, if we include the incapacity for work from this condition due to acute rheumatism, the problem is seen to be one of grave national and indeed international importance. In England and Wales alone, the economic loss is at least £20,000,000 annually, while, according to the official publications of the Department of Health for Scotland, 14% of the total invalidity of persons insured under the National Health Insurance Act north of the Tweed is due to rheumatism, and the annual economic loss to Scotland is estimated at £3,000,000. Although these figures have been frequently quoted, it seems that constant reiteration is necessary to awaken the national conscience.


In this paper a D-Band direct conversion quadrature I/Q Modulator, integrated in a 130 nm SiGe BiCMOS process, is presented. The proposed design is based on double-balanced Gilbert-cell mixer and it is able to perform efficient up-conversion of wideband baseband signals, supporting gigabit communication in the D-Band. The modulator is broadband, in terms of the LO frequency range, maintaining a conversion gain higher than 5dB for various LO tones between 130-160 GHz. The circuit achieves a LO-to-RF isolation of 41 dB and an image rejection of 40 dB when it is driven with 0 dBm LO power. The power consumption of the proposed modulator is lower than 90 mW.


The contacts of high-voltage switchgear will heat and cause safety hazards due to poor contact while running. A Zigbee-based wireless network sensor was designed by the authors of this paper for real-time monitoring of high voltage switchgear when contact temperature rises. This paper first gives a brief introduction to the Zigbee protocol, the protocol stack and the network topology, and then makes an elaboration on the system framework, hardware and software designs of the Zigbee wireless sensor and the design of high-voltage bootstrap power supply. In the end, the field application and analysis proves that based on the Zigbee technology, the online monitoring system of the temperature rise for high-voltage switchgear is stable and capable of real-time reporting the true temperature of the contact. Therefore, the design has the characteristics of high stability, low power consumption, low cost, as well as high flexibility and scalability.


An important problem in fault diagnosis is how to locate faulty components by analysing performance measurements from those components. In this paper, we present an algorithm that uses the informationtheoretic Minimum Message Length (MML) principle to locate faults in tree-structured networks. Treestructured networks are an important application for fault diagnosis due to their use as distribution networks in telecommunication and power industries. The main advantage of using a MML approach is that we can model both the complexity of an explanation for a set of measurements, as well as the accuracy of the explanation. We demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach through an empirical evaluation on a range of simulated data.


Principles of microwave combustion of paper towels in a domestic microwave oven are studied. Various passive methods for the determination of the smoke starting time of paper towels with food samples heated in a microwave oven are reviewed. Statistically reliable, repeatable and consistent results were obtained by an exhaust air temperature method. The paper towels were used in 2×2 (2 complete sheets of towels below and 2 towels above the test food) and 4×4 applications. The food samples used were bacon, hotdogs and potatoes.


Flow diagram represent an integral part of consolidated standards of reporting trials (CONSORT). Its use in reporting cluster randomization trials is highly recommended. The aim of this article is to present frequency of the use of flow diagram in cluster randomized trials in accordance with standards of reporting. The team has researched Medline database and singled-out 474 studies with cluster randomization for analysis. The studies were reviewed to identify the use of graphic representation, compliance with standards of reporting and the date when study was published. Depending from its duration, studies were divided on completed, and those still ongoing. Usage of CONSORT is recorded in 145 (31%) literature units. Frequency of flow diagram was statistically much higher in studies which were in compliance with standards (86,2%), in comparison to those which did not use CONSORT guidelines (71,4%), as well as in completed studies (81,2%) in comparison to pilot project studies (54,3%). Number of cluster randomized trials gathered through MEDLINE's search of key words 'cluster randomized trial [ti]' and 'cluster randomised trial [ti]', as well as the use of CONSORT in the reports of cluster randomized trials, are showing linear growth over time (p<0,001). Frequency of flow diagram is higher in the reports of cluster randomized trials that were done in accordance with the standards of reporting.


With the reforming of educational system and growing of the vocational colleges,many new situations and problems have arisen in budgeting and actual financial statement.Great attention should be paid to budget and budget enforcement by the management.A concept of "accounting items" should be introduced into business accounting to make reasonable financial budgeting and financial statement.Caption of account should be reasonably established to meet the requirements of financial statement.The channels of funds should be made clear to improve the accuracy of business accounting.Close relationship should be logically established between "accounting items" and "caption of account" to make accounting measurement more precise.An analysis statement of budgeting performance should be made to keep budget and actual performance under control and adjustment.Financial statement should be made to report budgeting performance more comprehensively and truthfully.


This paper presents a theoretical solution of an axisymmetric vibrating circular membrane with time-varying radius. For surmounting the mathematical difficulties created by the moving boundary, the analytical method previously published by the author, is used. If circular symmetry applies, an exact solution of the problem can be found. An explicit solution for linear boundary motion is presented. It is found in the form of a product of a harmonic function of time and functional Legendre's polynomials. However, this solution can not satisfy the boundary condition, when the arguments of Legendre's polynomials are superior to 1. For this last case, an alternative solution is given with some practical approximations.


The biasing of capacitance microphones by a constant voltage or electret charges places electrostatic forces on the microphone's membrane diaphragm. Due to the dependence of the electrostatic forces on the deflections, the final membrane position is governed by a nonlinear differential equation. Because of this nonlinearity, certain ranges of the parameter values exist for which stable static deflections cannot be obtained. Numerical methods are usually used to obtain the deflections and their critical or highest stable values. The results of two past investigations using different forms for the nondinemsionalized nonlinear differential equation are reviewed and compared [Warren et al., J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 52, 711–719 (1972); Friam et al., J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 53, 1601–1608 (1973)]. A third, and perhaps more appropriate, form for the nondimensionalized differential equation is presented and discussed. Using this third form, deflection and stability results are reviewed for circular and annular membranes. R...


The previously developed pattern theory has been applied to background reactions of the solvent and its ions, with water used as the example. Pattern and behaviour equations are developed and discussed, and methods are described for the rapid in situ determination of charge-transfer coefficients and conditional rate constants when a limiting current is known and when it is not, for the reduction of hydrogen ions and water molecules and for the oxidations of hydroxyl ions and water molecules. The voltammetric behaviour of these reactions is rationalised and the determination of coulometric current efficiencies and regulation of conditions to attain the best current efficiency are discussed.


Abstract Boron carbide reinforced with multiwalled carbon nanotubes were prepared by hot pressing at 1850°C under vacuum and 60 MPa pressure. Silicon powder was used as a sintering aid to decrease the sintering temperature of boron carbide. The results showed that the additions of silicon and multiwalled carbon nanotubes improved the mechanical properties of boron carbide ceramic. For the specimen with 1 wt-% multiwalled carbon nanotubes and 8 wt-% silicon, flexural strength of 506 MPa and fracture toughness of 5·70 MPa m1/2 were achieved. Microstructures of boron carbide composites were observed by means of SEM. The increased mechanical properties of the composites are mainly attributed to the high relative density, the change of fracture mode and the pulling out of multiwalled carbon nanotubes.


Abstract Life expectancy models are highly important, as they indicate the populations health. The present models consider several types of factors, and by analyzing them we extend the formulae to new, mixed types in order to create particular representations that are beneficial for creating future results and estimations.


OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for the perfecting of hospital information system (HIS) on drug control. METHODS: The problems encountered in using two drug control systems in our hospital were analyzed, and the constructive suggestions on its improvemen was put forward. RESULTS CONCLUSIONS: The new HIS should be designed to overcome the weaknesses of the current HIS in code design, assignment of authority limit, drug application and dispensing, drug stocktaking so as to make full use of the merit of the computer management.


Are your daily contributions and value truly recognized throughout your organization, or are you still waiting to be discovered? Do your departmental leaders seek your input as they make decisions, and do you think you can influence them? Does the organization's senior leadership include pharmacy