Objective: To analyze the stress level of aboriginal farmers in a mountainous area in Taiwan using dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S) level, a biomarker of psychosocial stress.Methods: In this prospective cross-sectional study, participants were 268 aboriginal residents of many occupations. Socio-demographic characteristics and biochemical variants were compared between Farmers (n=128) and Non-farmers (n=140) by using nonparametric tests. Correlation and multinomial linear regression analyses were conducted to examine whether and to what extent the variables affected the level of DHEA-S.Results: Aboriginal farmers were older, more likely to be male, and had lower DHEA-S levels than non-farmers (p=0.001).Multinomial linear regression analyses confirmed that DHEA-S was negatively associated with age, occupation (farmer), and gender (female).Conclusions: Aboriginal farmers experienced higher psychosocial stresses than those in other occupations. This study may help concerned authorities to recognize this condition and consider possible solutions to relieve the stress on aboriginal farmers. This is a novel study that focuses on the stress level of a specific occupation in a specific ethnic group.


For economical and environmental reasons nitrogen management is of major importance in growing silage maize (Zea mays L). However, studies to improve N management are often restricted to fertilization measures. Therefore we investigated management effects besides fertilization on nitrogen utilization in two field experiments over two years on an eutrophic sandy soil. Experiment 1 examined the effect of row distance (0.35 m and 0.70 m) and har¬vesting time (premature, mid September; common practice, beginning of October, late harvest, end of October) in a two-way factorial design. In experiment 2 five maize varieties, differing in habitus and characteristic of ripen-ing, were grown using a one-way factorial design. Nitrate leaching over winter was determined by the suction cup method. The row distance showed no significant effect neither on the soil mineral nitrogen content (SMN) in autumn nor on the amount of nitrate leaching. However, SMN and nitrate leaching were affected by the harvest time with significantly lower values for the early harvest. In the second experiment significant differences among genotypes were found with nitrate leaching rates between 52 and 77 kg NO3-N ha-1. We conclude that the effects of harvesting time and variety on nitrate leaching were related to the stage of maturity of silage maize at harvest. Nitrate leaching during winter was lower when maize plants where prevented from sustained metabolic activity in autumn, either by premature harvest as shown in experiment 1 or by enhanced physiological ripening as in experi¬ment 2.


The liquid phase epitaxial (LPE) growth condition to obtain lattice‐matched Al0.48In0.52As on (100) InP was found. Using this growth condition, smooth and lattice‐matched Al0.48 In0.52As layers could be grown for the first time on InP by the LPE method. The growth temperature near 800 °C was necessary to grow the ternary epitaxial layers. It was found by photoluminescence measurements that the energy gap of lattice‐matched Al0.48 In0.52As was 1.42 eV.


The first fabrication of an amorphous silicon position-sensitive detector using an MIS structure by anodic oxidation processes is reported. The fabricated 3 mm × 26 mm one-dimensional position-sensitive detectors show excellent linearity with lateral photocurrent response, having a correlation coefficient of 0.996.


Ni-Sn-P coating on AZ91D magnesium alloy with different Sn content was prepared by electroless plating,and the microstructure and corrosion resistance of Ni-Sn-P coating were investigated.The results show that the surface of Ni-Sn-P coating is uniform and compact with amorphous structure.Sn content of Ni-Sn-P coating is affected significantly by Na2SnO4 concentration and it reaches maximum when Na2SnO4 concentration is 10 g/L.With Sn content increasing,the porosity of Ni-Sn-P coating decreases and the corrosion resistance increases,which indicats that adding Sn into Ni-P coating is benefit for improving the corrosion resistance of coating.


Organic−inorganic nanocomposites are synthesized through the surface-initiated polymerization of N-carboxyanhydrides from amine-functionalized ordered mesoporous silica (OMS). Composites with high densities of grafted peptide were obtained which possess dramatically decreased porosity compared to the parent OMS material. The effect of the amine loading, pore size, pore topology, and monomer identity on the peptide brush layer obtained is investigated. Nitrogen porosimetry, thermal gravimetric analysis, elemental analysis, infrared and NMR spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry verify the formation of the peptide brushes and indicate much of the organic phase formed is in the silica mesopores. The l-Lys(Z) peptide brushes can be deprotected on the solid surface as evidenced by thermal gravimetric analysis, infrared spectroscopy, and NMR spectroscopy. l-Ala peptide brushes may also be synthesized, and polymer growth confinement is evidenced by mass spectrometry as the number of alanine units per brush appears ...


Cerium oxide (CeO2) nanoparticles of size 3–5 nm and surface area 257 m2 g−1 were synthesized using simple, single‐pot, and surfactant‐free aerogel process. Efforts were made to tune the surface area and porosity of CeO2 nanoparticles by changing the concentration of precursors. CeO2 nanoparticles were characterized by TEM, SEM, XRD, N2‐BET, and FTIR. Prepared CeO2 was used to remove As(III) and As(V) from water at variable contaminant concentrations (25–100 ppm) and pH (3–10). The adsorption process found extremely fast for the first few minutes of exposure. CeO2 nanoparticles indicated adsorption capacities of 71.9 and 36.8 mg g−1 against As(III) and As(V), respectively. The adsorption data best fitted with Redlich–Peterson model, depicting monolayer adsorption. The adsorption followed pseudo‐second‐order kinetics and intraparticle diffusion with three‐step diffusion process. The effect of co‐existing anions (H2 PO4− , SO42− , and HCO3− ) indicated 80–96% reduction in adsorption capacity. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 37: 221–231, 2018


Nanosecond (ns) laser ablation of silicon has important applications in electronics, photovoltaics, and many other areas. However, most of the previous work is mainly focused on ultraviolet (UV) or visible ns lasers, and the investigation is very limited for infrared lasers (e.g., at 1064 nm), which have the advantage of much lower cost and external energy consumption. In this paper, a thermal model has been developed and experimentally verified for ablation of silicon by 200 ns and 1064 nm laser pulses. This kind of work has been rarely reported in literature. The model predictions agree reasonably well with experimental measurements. The investigation indicates that surface evaporation should be the dominant physical mechanism of material removal for laser silicon ablation under the studied conditions. It has also been found that the physical processes of multipulse laser-silicon interaction at 1064 nm may strongly depend on laser pulse number and repetition rate (the pulse-to-pulse temporal distance).


inscriptions that attest the Numen of the emperor in extenso, but two clear instances are RIB 949 (Carlisle): Deo Marti Ocelo et \ Numini imp. Alexahdri Aug.et. . .; and RIB 1692 (Chesterholm): Matribus et Nu\mini d. n. . . . In other cases one has to grapple with abbreviations or a lacuna in the text. What then should one conceive the practice in Britain to have been? Literary passages composed under the late Republic or early empire are of interest in documenting ideas held at the time in Rome or Italy, but we have seen that only in poetry does the plural Numina Augusti have a place. In any case whoever drafted an inscription in Britain will surely have been guided by epigraphical, not literary usage. Confused theology is perfectly possible at a popular level, of course, but without definite evidence in corroboration it seems arbitrary to infer that, contrary to strict theology and standard epigraphical practice, a particular inscription did in fact attribute numina in the plural to a single emperor. Finally, if one inscription is to be interpreted one way, another another, then any semblance of a system in the use of abbreviations is excluded. Whatever one is to make of these (if anything can be made of them at all) the fact remains that the ordinator or, more probably, whoever was responsible for the original text of an inscription did in some instances make an effort to distinguish between singular and plural. This is clearly the case with RIB 327 (Caerleon): nn. \ Augg. j genio I leg. j // Aug. It seems a fair inference that n. must often enough have meant the singular n(umini), which in turn considerably increases the number of instances where the rule of one emperor, one numen is evidently respected.


Performance of a deep space FSO-link incorporating SNSPD parametrized with deadtime, QE and N-array is addressed. Considering atmospheric turbulence fading ≤3.5 dB, data rate up to 20 Mbps for −17 (ph/ns)[dB] received signal is reached. © 2019 The Author(s)


For the first time, the Strict Avalanche Criterion (SAC) in Boolean functions is identified through the Walsh spectral symmetries. In order to reduce the processing time, a filtering procedure to eliminate the Boolean functions that do not satisfy the SAC is proposed. New types of spectral symmetries are introduced and used in the proposed technique together with the known symmetries. In the case that a given function fulfils SAC, the proposed algorithm needs up to 3/4 of the spectral coefficients at any stage to identify the SAC. In a case of functions that do not fulfil SAC the algorithm can eliminate them from further checking by using smaller number of coefficients. It is a big advantage over previous methods of SAC identification that required the calculation of the full Walsh spectrum for all the functions.


Abstract : Photomeson production from neutrons bound in helium and deuterium was investigated by simultaneously measuring the angle and energy of the meson and the recoil proton. 270 Mev bremsstrahlung was used and, in this experiment, only pions at 75 degrees in the laboratory were measured. This corresponds roughly to 90 degrees in the center of mass system of the photon and struck neutron. The angular distributions were interpreted to give the internal nuclear momentum distribution of the parent neutron by comparing the experimental data with a calculation based on the impulse approximation. The deuterium data agree both in shape and in absolute magnitude with predictions based on the Hulthen wave function. The helium data indicate that the neutrons involved in photomeson production have fewer high momentum components in their wavefunctions than those found from other types of experiments. This result is interpreted as evidence for the reabsorption of mesons by the parent nucleon and another nucleon interacting strongly with it, to produce pseudodeuteron photodisintegrations. (Author)


Rural tourism was fundamentally that was commonly referred to as rural landscape,natural landscape and rural villages into human landscape two broad categories,they were in the social evolution of the long history of gradually form,and because of human agricultural activities engraved sliced chisels on his own imprint.As the vast rural areas,local tourism resources were very widely.Therefore,rural tourism development and utilization of resources must firmly grasp the "village" of the core elements of local conditions,exceed and highlight its advantages,so that it had a distinctive personality and characteristics.Meanwhile,the resource development industry must follow the rules,norms and orderly manner.


The existence of fixed points of multivalued operators i n partial linear system,is discussed.The author's results extend and generalize t he corresponding results in some references.And applications of the theorem are given.


Despite advancements in machine translation systems and the development of language-independent frameworks for machine translation, support for African languages is relatively low, while the majority of the supported few are yet to achieve acceptable translation accuracies. Lack of language resources and pre-processing tools have been identified as the major factors limiting the inclusion of most African languages in current translation engines. Yorùbá, a Niger-Congo language largely spoken in the South-Western part of Nigeria with an estimated speaker of about 50 million people, is one of the languages currently supported by machine translation engines such as Google Translate. Unfortunately, translation accuracy involving Yorùbá language is relatively low in comparison with most European languages. One of the reasons for this is the lack of pre-processing tools such as the Elision resolution tool. Elision in Yorùbá is the omission of tone or syllable from a text, often as a result of speech smoothening between adjacent words. This paper presents an Elision resolution framework for the Yorùbá language. The proposed framework uses a hybrid approach to elision resolution. It applies a rule-based word-partitioning algorithm at the syllabication phase, while it uses the n-gram language model for resolution-candidate ranking. Resolution result evaluation was carried out using resolution accuracy. We also established the positive effect of the elision resolution process by translating sample sentences on Google Translate before and after resolution.


Based on macromorphological, palynological, and preliminary molecular data, Pachystachys nutans Nees is transferred to Mirandea. The species is described and lectotypified. A key to the six species of this wholly Mexican genus is provided.


"The Commission revises its Guidelines for setting fines in antitrust cases"* On 28 June 2006, the Commission adopted its new Guidelines on the method of setting fines imposed on undertakings…


Abstract Increasing economic constraints have forced the leadership of the Soviet Union to revise the strategy for developing the economy to support its military, economic, and political objectives. A key element within this revised strategy is a much greater reliance on intensive rather than extensive means of development. Growth will come through greater productivity due to more highly trained labor and better technology, organization, and management. An important component of the announced qualitative strategy for economic growth is an increase in the qualifications of the labor force, which is reflected in the educational system and the utilization of these human resources in the economy.


Embolic protection filtering device and make it, also, how to use it. Exemplary filtering device includes a filter coupled to filter wire and filter wire. Filter may include a filter membrane (22) connected filter loop (16) and the filter loop. A plurality of tubular members (32) may be coupled to the filter membrane. This filter holding shaft extending through the tubular member (32) (34), that can be retained to the configuration crush the filter (16).


This article produces the basic principles of the Loosely coupled inductive power transfer(LCIPT),analyzes some primary factors that influence the efficiency of energy transmission.We do some experiments and give out the results and the analysis.At last,in order to compensate the lost,we improved the scheme of the circuit,and realize the energy transmit within 3mm air crack.


Tetrahedral and octahedral ordering in synthetic clinochlore with compositions (Mg,Al)[SirAl]O,o(OH)s and (Mg.uAl,oo)[Si25EAl,o2]O'o(OH)8 have been studied by 2eSi, 27A1, and 'H MAS NMR spectroscopy. The 2eSi spectra indicate that Al-O-Al avoidance occurs on tetrahedral sites with considerable short-range order in accordance with the Homogeneous Dispersion of Charges (HDC) model of Herrero et al. (1985a), in which charge imbalance within the tetrahedral sheets is minimized. The 'H MAS NMR spectra indicate that every I6lAl is surrounded by six Mg octahedra.


4Hydroxypyridine was prepared by diazotization of 4aminopyridine, dissolving in 15% sulfuric acid solution. The diazonium reagent for this process was a NaNO2 solution in excess of about 10%. The appropriate temperature of diazotization is 30~50°C, followed by an alkaline hydrolysis process in NaOH solution. Thus, 4hydroxypyridine was gained together with sodium sulfate. To purify the 4hydroxypyridine needs a special refluxing equipment for extraction. With such a simpler and mildconditioned preparation 4hydroxypyridine of high quality was synthesized, and the yield could be satisfied as high as 93% or so.


Objective To investigate the relationship between the iliac crest height and the lumbar degenerative spondylolisthesis. Methods 40 patients of lumbar degenerative spondylolisthesis were as experimental group,40 healthy volunteers as control group. All of them underwent lumbar X-ray examinations. To compare means of iliac crest height,vertebral body height between two groups. Results The means of iliac crest height and its relative height between groups were not statistically significant( both P 0. 05). The means of L4 vertebral height in experimental group was lower than that in control group( P 0. 05). Conclusion Iliac crest height has no obvious correlation with the occurrence of lumbar degenerative spondylolisthesis.


Objective:To evaluate the effect of unilateral spinal anesthesia during total hip joint replacement in elder patients with cardiovascular abnormality.Methods:Forty-eight patients(age 80~91,ASA II~II, undergoing total hip joint replacement) were randomly divided into three groups: unilateral spinal anesthesia group (USA)、tradition spinal anesthesia group (TSA)、epidural anesthesia group (EA).The vital signs (BP, HR,SpO 2)、blockage level、duration time were recorded.Results:The EA group needed more local anesthetic than the other two groups. The BP of post-anesthesia was lower than that of pre-anesthesia in each group (P0.05). At 5、15、30 min after-anesthesia, systolic and diastolic pressures of TSA were significantly lower than those of USA and EA (P0.01),while there was not significantly difference at other time.Conclusion: Unilateral spinal anesthesia could reduce the dose of local anesthetic and diminish the influence to circulation system,so it should be a effective and safe method during total hip joint replacement in the elderly with cardiovascular abnormality.


The coexistence of solid methane and water ice has been observed in outer Solar System objects, and in interstellar ice mantles (1-3). It has been also conjectured that interactions between methane and water ice might be of relevance for the climate of Solar System objects like Titan (4) . To extract valuable information from the observed spectra (temperature, pressure, chemical speciation, etc.) thorough laboratory studies are required. This work presents an investigation on ice mixtures of methane and water, studied by infrared spectroscopy. The spectra provide evidence of a distorted CH4 structure, characterized by an absorption band at 2900 cm-1, forbidden by symmetry in the pure solid. We present an estimation of the amount of distorted CH4 trapped in the water ice structure and its dependence on the ice generation procedure. In addition, the presence of methane clusters inside the sample directly affects the frequency and intensity of the dangling bonds of water. When CH4 is deposited on water ices, the adsorption process follows a Type I isotherm graphic, indicating the microporous nature of the ices. We have also determined the CH4:H2O desorption energy and measured the dependence of the position and widths of the IR bands as a function of the stoichiometry of the samples.


Electric power failure is the most common problem in power supply, and it is also one of the biggest problems for customers. From the perspective of power management, blackouts can be divided into fault blackouts and planned blackouts. There are three types of reasons for failure and power failure. One is overload of public transformer and special transformer, iron core grounding and lightning breakdown. The other is drop fuse failure and lack of equivalence for special transformer users. The last is power failure for residential users, line disconnection after meter, short circuit, leakage switch failure, etc. For planned outage, it is mainly caused by planned maintenance and repair according to the operation cycle of power line equipment. Among them, planned power outages are controllable, and the power management unit notifies the power customers in advance. However, the failure of power outages usually causes certain damage to the power customers, so it has certain harmfulness. In view of the above problems, this paper uses digital twinning technology to analyze the causes of failure and outage, and uses digital technology to carry out failure and outage prediction to reduce the losses caused by failure and outage.


SUMMARY The authors describe the zonation and activity of 12 species of Oniscoidea inhabiting the beach-dune-bush system and two found on the rocky coast at Sar Uanle (southern Somalia). The correlation between zonation and macro- and microclimate, the ecological affinities between these and other forms present on extra- and intertropical coasts, the tidal and diurnal rhythms involved in the migrations of Littorophiloscia compar (Budde-Lund) and the particular tree-dwelling bionomy of Periscyphis rubroantennatus Ferrara are also discussed.


Bundling of information goods is quite common. As prior research shows, bundling is particularly profitable in their case because their marginal production cost is zero. However, information goods are known to be prone to piracy, and it is still not clear what impact, if any, piracy can have on the appeal of bundling. To address this, we reexamine bundling in the backdrop of piracy. We find that piracy diminishes the appeal of bundling to the extent that selling separately may become optimal despite zero marginal cost. Interestingly, even when product valuations are negatively correlated and bundling is anticipated to be even more effective, separate selling can be surprisingly optimal in the presence of piracy. This impact of piracy carries over to situations where a fraction of the users are ethical and do not consider piracy to be an option. Furthermore, piracy elevates the relative appeal of separate selling so much so that even mixed bundling becomes ineffective in certain situations. Collectively, our results point to the insight that the purported benefits of bundling may not fully materialize in the presence of piracy.


In Britain, history has proved to be a usefu1 subject fbr future politicians and civil servants both at home and in the Empire. The traditional emphasis has been upon British istory, and content has focused mainly on great Engliskmen and events. After the Second World War, this 'great tradition' came to face a number of social changes which led to a crisis of traditional morals and values. The old styie ofteaching history, therefbre, was perceived to be inadequate. The aim ofthis essay is to illustrate how the English school history curriculum has responded to the challenges posed by a mere ethnically diverse society since 1945, Although several attempts were rnade in order to adjust history teaching to the changing society, the National Curriculum, first introduced in 199l, returned to the traditional content and method. This 'authorised version' ofhistory highlighted the common heritage and culture into which all those living in Britain, irrespective oftheir ethnic origins, should be assimilated. The current Labour govemment has continued to emphasise the common values and tradition, The outcome ofthis can be seen in the new National Curriculum for 2000.


This paper examines the axial force negative stiffness of induction and permanent magnet (PM) axial flux machines. First, simplified analytical models are used to identify the key normalised machine parameters which affect the variation of axial force with airgap length. For current-driven induction machines and PM machines, this is found to be the ratio of the effective magnetic length of the magnets and magnetic core divided by the nominal airgap. For voltage-driven (line-start) induction machines, it is the ratio of the stator leakage inductance to the nominal magnetising reactance. Next, the analytical results are validated against finite-element results and results from experimental axial force testing on induction and PM axial-flux machines.


Objective:To study the efficacy and clinical value of pulmonary surfactant(PS) in the replacement therapy for neonates with hyaline membrane disease(HMD).Methods:30 cases of neonates with HMD treated with Exosurf were observed the changes of patient's pulmonary function,mechanical ventilation parameters and the changing degree of air filling in pulmonary alveolus before and after replacement therapy.Results:The PaO_2,a/A PO_2 and pH in the patients with HMD were obviously increased,OI and PaCO_2 obviously decreased at 1/2,6,2,48 and 72 h after surfactant replacement therapy.In comparison with the subjects before and after surfactant replacement therapy,significant differences were found respectively(P0.05 or P0.01).Mechanical ventilation parameters, such as FiO_2,PIP,PEEP and MAP were decreased at 6 h after treated with PS,and obviously decreased at 12 h.In comparison with the subjects before and after surfactant replacement therapy,significant differences were found respectively(P0.05 or P0.01).Pathological changes were improved evidently that it was identified by X-ray chest picture at 12 h after the treatment.Occurrences of complications of pneumonia and intracranial hemorrhage were respectively 70.0% and 36.7%.Conclusion:PS could improve effectively oxygenation in neonates with HMD and decrease the parameters of mechanical ventilation..


The pressure pulse produced by a large explosion in the atmosphere is investigated. The explosion is represented in terms of the excess pressure and normal velocity on a closed surface, outside of which the hydrodynamical equations are linearized. The pulse is represented in terms of a Fourier transform of the associated harmonic frequency problem, for which a ring-source Green's function is obtained in terms of an expansion of the discrete modes. It is shown that the excess pressure may be represented in terms of an integral (containing the Green's function) over the surface surrounding the source. The gravity wave portion of the pressure pulse at the ground is computed for various ranges from the source, which is located at various altitudes, and for three models of the atmosphere. In calculating the head of the pulse a new asymptotic technique is introduced which gives very good results for intermediate and long ranges.


The type specimens of Fuentes pertinax Peckham & Peckham, 1894 from Belize were examined. The species is redescribed and newly recorded from Costa Rica and Panama. A new species, Fuentes yucatan n. sp., is described from Mexico and Honduras.


Effects of compressive stress on the ferroelectric properties of Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3–PbTiO3 (PMN-PT) ceramics were investigated. The ceramics with the formula (1−x)Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3−(x)PbTiO3 or (1−x)PMN−(x)PT (x=0.1–0.5) were prepared by a conventional mixed-oxide method. Dense perovskite-phase PMN-PT ceramics with a uniform microstructure were obtained. The ferroelectric properties were measured under compressive stress (0–75 MPa) using a homebuilt compressometer in conjunction with a modified Sawyer–Tower circuit. The experimental results revealed that the superimposed compression stress significantly reduced both the dissipation energy and the polarizations of the near morphotropic phase boundary compositions, i.e., 0.8PMN-0.2PT, 0.7PMN-0.3PT, and 0.6PMN-0.4PT, while the stress influence was much less in other compositions. On the contrary, the applied compressive stress showed little or no influence on the coercive field. These results were interpreted through the non-180° ferroelastic domain switching p...


Chromium nitride film (CrN) was prepared on steel substrates, AISI 4140 and H13 with variations in the substrate roughness, using the reactive DC magnetron sputtering technique at room temperature in controlled partial pressures of Ar and N2 gas atmospheres. The films were polycrystalline, as confirmed by X-ray diffraction analysis. The corrosion behavior was investigated using an electrochemical technique in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution with various pH values at room temperature. The results indicated that the CrN-coated AISI H13 presents better corrosion resistance than the CrN-coated AISI 4140 at pH 2 and 7, but worse at pH 10. In addition, the rate of corrosion decreased with a reduction of the surface roughness. The chemical states of the corrosion product were clearly identified by spatially resolved secondary electron yield X-ray absorption spectroscopy with X-ray photoemission electron microscopy. It was found that Cr2O3 is formed on the non-corroded CrN film and the AISI H13 substrate, whereas Fe2O3 is formed on the corroded surface and the AISI 4140 substrate.


T hroughout my years of service in the biomedical field, I have found that numerous failures have been caused by the lack of inservice training of nurses and physicians. As BMETs and CEs, we are required to have a very good working knowledge of the operation, features, and function of a variety of medical devices throughout the hospital environment. I have seen on numerous occasions that situations arise on a daily basis where a BMET or CE has been called to an area to check on a device that was said to have a failure or has not operated correctly. Upon investigating the situation, it was found that the operator was either not operating the unit correctly or was unfamiliar with the actual unit itself. This is usually caused by the lack of nursing staff or the increase in cross-training staff to work in different areas of the hospital. This scenario also occurs in the area of the traveling physician. I have come across numerous situations where a traveling physician has come into the hospital and, while using local hospital equipment, became frustrated with the incorrect operation of the equipment. After thorough inspection, it was discovered that the physician was unfamiliar with the model, brand, and controls of the equipment. Theses scenarios are not uncommon in the medical field and arise more than people would like to discuss. An in-service of healthcare providers would reduce the technical frustration and possibly a bad clinical outcome. This is usually done at the local level through the educational departments in the hospital and through the BMET or CE departments. The BMETs and CEs have been shown to be a very good asset for providing or adding to the hospitals' in-service classes. They bring with them the technical knowledge of the medical device and are able to explain the normal operations and possibly the normal failures or errors that the machine may develop. With this education, the staff is better equipped to correct the problem and reduce the down time of the equipment. The only drawback to this type of program is accessibility of the temporary or traveling staff members. This problem is highlighted enormously when a physician or nurse from another facility is assigned on a temporary basis to a ''sister facility'' and is unfamiliar with the model or brand of unit they are using. The facility should have some procedure in place to verify that the staff member has either been trained on the specific equipment he/she is going to operate or has trained those individuals before allowing them to operate the equipment. This would reduce the ''user error'' work orders that are generated and would allow more time for the BMETs and CEs to work on the actual failures that occur. A By Selby Holder Biomedical Equipment Technology at


Sir, I should not presume to trouble you as a member of the Royal Society with the following letter, did not the subject seem to promise to be of great public utility.


Adaptive algorithm of functioning of the model of system of protection of intellectual information as integrated automated intellectual system Safe city is presented.


Small-amplitude perturbations are governed by the linearized Navier-Stokes equations, which are, for a parallel or nearly parallel shear flow, customarily reduced to the OrrSommerfeld (O-S) and Squire equations. In this paper, we consider continuous spectra (CS) of the O-S and Squire operators for the Blasius boundary layer, and address the issue of whether and when continuous modes can represent free-stream vortical disturbances and their entrainment into the shear layer. We highlight two particular properties of the CS: (a) the eigenfunction of a continuous mode simultaneously consists of two components with wall-normal wavenumbers ±k2, a phenomenon which we refer to as 'entanglement of Fourier components'; and (b) for low-frequency disturbances the presence of the boundary layer forces the streamwise velocity in the free stream to take a much larger amplitude than those of the transverse velocities. Both features appear to be non-physical, and cast some doubt about the appropriateness of using CS to characterize free-stream vortical disturbances and their entrainment into the boundary layer, a practice that has been adopted in some recent studies of bypass transition. A high-Reynolds-number asymptotic description of continuous modes and entrainment is present, and it shows that the entanglement is a result of neglecting non-parallelism, which has a leading-order effect on the entrainment. When this effect is included, entanglement disappears, and moreover the streamwise velocity is significantly amplified in the edge layer when R ω 1, where R is the Reynolds number based on the local boundary-layer thickness.


A flow model to facilitate the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) type of calculations of the turbulent flow over rough walls is proposed. Given that the roughness region is thin compared to the thickness of the boundary layer, the turbulent flow is viewed as consisting of two regions: (1) where the medium is entirely fluid and the RANS equations can be applied, and (2) a region of two phases where the fluid meanders around the solid roughness elements. The method of volume-averaging often used in the study of porous medium flows is applied in the rough-wall layer region. The resulting parameters such as porosity allow a direct inclusion of the geometric characteristics of the roughness element and their pattern in the model equations. In this formulation, the Brinkman equation, a reduced form of the volume-averaged Navier-Stokes (VANS) equations has been used. We have experimented with adapting an existing low Reynolds number eddy-viscosity, two-equation turbulence model developed for smooth walls, to provide closure to the RANS equations. The results shown are for a NACA 0012 airfoil with three different surface coverage using the same roughness.


Recent archaeological excavations carried out in the Iberian-Roman city of La Alcudia (Hid, Hispania) have provided some important assemblages of Roman glass. The present paper summarizes the results of archaeological and archaeomctric studies carried out on two assemblages from different sectors and chronology. The first set of glasses was unearthed in a sector corresponding to a section of the city's west wall. The level in which the glasses were found is dated from the mid I st to the mid 2 nd century AD. The second set of glasses comes from an area known as Casitas Ibericas (4 th -7 th centuries AD). These glasses were found in ditches and pits, which had disturbed the more ancient archaeological levels. Most of the fragments in both sets represent blown glass. The archaeomerric study concentrated on determining the chemical composition of a representative selections of glass fragments from the two chronological periods in order to observe possible differences between them. Chromophores responsible for glass colour were identified. Moreover, the state of conservation of the glasses was evaluated in order to determine the nature of degradation processes. The samples were studied using conventional optical microscopy (OM), X-ray fluorescence specrrometry (XRF), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis (EDX), and visible spectrophotometry (VIS).


3562 Background: Oxaliplatin (Ox) in combination with FU or Capecitabine (Xel) prolong median survival as first and second line therapy in patients with advanced colorectal cancer (ACRC). Ox induces acute, cold-induced neuropathy in most patients. The incidence is claimed to be infusion rate-dependent and therefore a 2 hour infusion is recommended, but in a prior pilot study (Pfeiffer et al, Acta Oncol 2003; 42: 832) a 30 minutes infusion could be given without additional neuropathy. Methods: For practical and economic reasons, but also for patient's convenience, we performed this phase II study to examine XELOX30 (Xel 1000 mg/m2 orally twice daily days 1–14 and Ox 130 mg/m2 as 30 minutes infusion day 1) in patients with progressive colorectal cancer after therapy with irinotecan and FU. Neuropathy was graded 0–3 using the Ox-specific scale. Other adverse events were graded using NCI-CTC. Results: From Nov 2002 to Sept 2003, 69 patients with ACRC were included and treated with XELOX30. Median age was 62 y...


A unified set of parameters of the proton optical potential is sought for tin nuclei at energies below the Coulomb barrier which gives a good description of the set of experimental data on the total cross sections for the pn reaction and the angular distributions of elastically scattered protons for E/sub p/< or = 10 MeV and which gives reliable values for the nuclear phase shifts phi/sub l/j and transmission coefficients T/sub l/j for the partial waves. A test of the suitability of the well known Perey and Becchetti-Greenlees global optical potentials and certain other ''anomalous'' optical potentials has shown that on the whole they lead to poorer agreement with experiment for tin nuclei than the unified optical potential. Reasons for the strong variations of the values of phi/sub l/j and T/sub l/j in different optical-potential variants are discussed and a method is proposed for the most reliable determination of the optical scattering matrix.


Abstract A method for the determination of selenium in serum was developed employing a combination of solvent extraction and neutron activation analysis. The loss of selenium by volatilization during digestion was minimized by use of a single-oxidant at low temperature. Comparative analysis was performed to illustrate the efficacy of the method.


Relay coordination is one of the most critical aspects of any protection system design since coordination systems must ensure rapid, reliable, and selective relay operation to isolate power system faulty parts. The difficulties in overcurrent relay coordination is caused by a nonlinear optimization problem with many coordination requirements for a highly linked power system. To overcome this challenge, numerous solutions are available, including analytical analysis and artificial intelligence-based stratezies. This study proposes the use of the meta-heuristic grey wolf optimization (GWO) algorithm to solve the problem of relay coordination by optimizing the modified objective function. As an example, the technique is applied to an 8-bus system. The results are compared with the results obtained from the genetic algorithm. The comparison indicates that GWO is more a reliable method for finding optimal relays settings in overcurrent protection systems.


The importance of genetic change, and in particular adaptive evolu-tion, during biological invasions is widely acknowledged, yet has to datereceived little attention from theoreticians. Here we present analysis of aset of models for the moments of a quantitative trait (i.e. a continuous ran-dom variable like body size) in a population that disperses in a continuousspatial habitat with a spatially varying trait optimum, building on workof Kirkpatrick and Barton (1997) and others. We focus on (discrete-time)integrodierence models incorporating \heavy-tailed" dispersal, which isknown to strongly inuence the speed of traveling wave solutions, represent-ing invasions, in purely ecological models without a genetic component. Weobtain both traveling wave speeds and, when maladaptation limits the ex-tend of an invasion, properties of the resulting localized (i.e. range-limited)population. These are contrasted with existing results (Kirkpatrick/Barton1997, Barton 2001, Garcia-Ramos/Rodriguez 2002) for partial dierentialequation models representing diusive movement. The results advance un-derstanding of how dispersal patterns interact with genetics and environ-mental conditions to determine the extent of a species' range. Joint work with A. Castorena.


We have employed the nontoxic fluorescent membrane probe, N-σ-dansyl-L-lysine (DL) to study the effect of mild (45.5°C) heat shock on a variety of mammalian cell lines. It has been previously proposed by Humphries and Lovejoy (1983) that DL selectively partitions into (and diffuses through) membranes whose component molecules have undergone lateral phase separation resulting in the formation of phospholipid domains. Excellent flow cytometric resolution of the DL staining cells from several cell lines was obtained by using bivariate (forward angle light scatter versus DL-fluorescence) analysis. Dye uptake and release data as well as measurement of the octanol: water partition coefficient (7.2) all indicated that the stain was likely associated with the plasma membrane. After heating, all cell lines exhibited a time-dependent increase in the fraction of cells stained by DL. Nearly all of the DL-staining cells were propidium iodide and trypan blue excluding. Exclusion of erythrosin B or inclusion of fluoresc...


Three FORTRAN computer programs for generating spherical Bessel functions are described. A brief discussion of the method of calculation and the capabilities of the programs is followed by a detailed "users manual". The program listings are included in the appendix.


Potential waste of local crab carapace (Portunus pelagicus) as a source of chitosan as an active layer that can protect bananas has been studied. The process in this study consists of three stages. The first stage was the isolation of chitin through deproteinization process using 2.0 N NaOH solution with a ratio of 1:6 w/v and demineralization process using 1.5 N HCl solution with a ratio of 1:12 w/v. The second stage is the deacetylation stage using 50% NaOH solution with a ratio of 1:20 w/v. Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) Spectroscopy is used to determine the degree of deacetylation. The third stage is the banana coating application using chitin solution to determine the shelf life of bananas with variations in levels of 2, 2.5, 3 and 3,5 % w/v by immersion method for one hour. It was found that carapace crab, a part that was underutilized from crab, gave rise to chitin deacetylation with a deacetylation rate of 62.11%; pH 8.9 and water content of 7.677%. Chitosan-based coatings are applied to fresh bananas and are found to increase fruit firmness, and inhibit browning. The results show that chitosan-coated bananas have a longer storage time. The application of chitin deacetylated (chitosan) as fruit banana coater found that higher coater levels extend the shelf life of bananas with the best coater content is 3% b/v. It results in a shelf life of bananas for up to 12 days, this is longer than bananas without chitosan layer which only has a shelf life of four days. Increased coating rates have a positive effect on the shelf life of bananas. This study shows that waste from carapace crabs can be used to form active layers that can preserve fruit.


PFAS compounds are ubiquitous in the environment and in consumer products. Unlike other emergent contaminants this is a family of compounds with, literally, thousands of compounds. Our knowledge of toxicological and environmental fate and transport properties is an evolving field. On the other hand, regulatory limits (when they exist) are extremely low and address only a limited handful of compounds. Regulatory standards are limited to drinking water or groundwater, but investigators are required, and need to address the entire pathway from source to receptor. In addition, because of their physical-chemical properties there are unconventional migration pathways, such as sewer exfiltration and biosolids residuals, that complicate site assessment and site closure. Surveys to date in Greece are fragmented and very limited in scope and focus. The objective of this study is to discuss how professional judgement should be used to collect appropriate data to both define the nature and extent of impact and to assess whether receptors may be adversely impacted and how to select an appropriate remedy, if mitigation of those impacts is warranted. These evaluations are grounded upon an understanding of the physical and chemical PFAS properties, their fate and transport in environmental media, potential health effects and approaches and limitations to setting remediation goals. The concepts of a systematic approach to characterize the occurrence of PFAS in Greece and of a national characterization program, built on the experience of European Union and other countries, which takes into account key aspects of use and disposal, will also be presented.


The presence of 1/f noise in staring imagers is problematic in several ways. It is well-known that in bolometers it sets a limit on the degree to which one can improve NETD by increasing the detector bias, because 1/f noise and responsivity both increase linearly with bias. Perhaps more importantly, at very low frequencies 1/f noise is manifest as drift and appears as spatial noise, which impairs target recognition far more than does an equivalent measure of temporal noise. This results from the fact that the eye filters temporal noise to a far greater extent than it does spatial noise. The perceived spatial noise resulting from 1/f noise leads to a degradation of performance with time after the insertion of a calibration shutter, even if the temperature is perfectly stable. Averaging many samples is not as effective for reduction of 1/f noise as it is for white noise, because the low frequency components are coherent over multiple samples. Additional implications of 1/f noise include uncertainty in measurement of signal and both temporal and spatial noise, as well as inherent errors in nonuniformity correction.


Every kind of software system needs an update one or the other day. One such update could be a routine software patch, security patch or a total periodical system update. As the field of Internet Of Medical Things (IOMT) is emerging drastically day by day with huge network of devices connected over internet, comes the challenge of software update Over The Air (OTA) to all the connected target nodes of a wireless sensor network without interrupting the services for longer time. Considering crucial applications of Internet Of Things (IOT) like Health Care, Smart Grids or any other sensitive environments where response time of the system is very less, while applying a software patch or security patch to the concerned device has to be done as quickly as possible, which keeps the services uninterrupted, which requires smart patching. Ideally zero downtime is desired in such critical applications, which is still a long way to go. This article presents a way of deploying the software patches to the IOT systems with multiple features which helps to reduce the downtime of the system over Secure Shell (SSH) Communication Protocol.


There are many reasons for First Nations and municipalities to collaborate on emergency management and economic resilience: * improved outcomes in regional recovery by having diverse and representative voices at the table * cost savings, resource sharing, and more efficient service delivery * greater health and wellness outcomes for all, including the most vulnerable * increased ability to access stimulus funding from other orders of government * increased community resilience and capacity to respond together in future emergencies This guide is a framework for collaborative emergency management and includes an examination of similarities and differences between First Nation and municipal jurisdictions. First Nations and municipalities share commonalities and key differences in their responsibilities. In 2019, the First Nations Leadership Council (First Nations Summit, British Columbia Assembly of First Nations, and the Union of British Columbia Indian Chiefs), the Government of British Columbia, and ISC signed an MOU to formalize roles and responsibilities for on-reserve emergency management support. FIRST NATION-MUNICIPAL COLLABORATION ACROSS THE EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT CONTINUUM A fuller spectrum of inclusion will increase the strength of the economic response overall.


The present invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition for preventing and treating breast cancer, containing an Inula helenium fraction or a compound isolated therefrom as an active ingredient. More specifically, the present invention exhibits selective inhibitory effects on tyrosine phosphorylation activity of STAT3 in breast cancer cells and in a mouse in which breast cancer cells have been transplanted, effectively inhibits the expression of STAT3 target genes, effectively suppresses cancer metastasis, and effectively reduces the weight and volume of a tumor. Therefore, the Inula helenium fraction or the compound isolated therefrom can be effectively used as an active ingredient of a pharmaceutical composition for preventing or treating breast cancer, a composition for suppressing breast cancer metastasis, a functional health food for preventing and alleviating breast cancer, a functional health food for suppressing breast cancer metastasis, or an anticancer adjuvant.


This paper examines the application of human computation (HC) to two-dimensional image pattern matching. The two main goals of our algorithm are to use turks as the processing units to perform an e ...


Disclosed herein is an acoustic building panel and its manufacturing method. Embodiment of such panels comprises a porous non-woven scrim, a deposition of the coating on the scrim, a base mat, and in discrete form as deposited on the base mat or scrim in the form of droplets An adhesive. This embodiment of the manufacturing method comprising the steps of: punching a base mat, the adhesive is applied in discrete form to the base mat, scrim laminated onto the base mat, and applying a coating to the surface of the scrim.


This paper presents an improved electronic circuit for testing photovoltaic (PV) modules or strings by tracing their I-V and P-V characteristics. It consists of an electronic fast varying load based on a power MOSFET controlled by means of an innovative sweeping gatesource voltage in order to improve the tracing of the I-V characteristics on an oscilloscope. In order to prevent damage of data acquisition systems and mainly for use with high voltage PV strings, galvanic isolation is introduced for the sweeping signal as well as current and voltage measurements. In spite of this improved characteristics, the developed electronic circuit keeps the advantages of low cost and simplicity. Experimental results obtained with the electronic circuit are presented.


It is found that the X-divertor (XD) configuration (Kotschenreuther et al 2004 Proc. 20th Int. Conf. on Fusion Energy (Vilamoura, Portugal, 2004) (Vienna: IAEA) CD-ROM file [IC/P6-43] www-naweb.iaea.org/napc/physics/fec/fec2004/datasets/index.html, Kotschenreuther et al 2006 Proc. 21st Int. Conf. on Fusion Energy 2006 (Chengdu, China, 2006) (Vienna: IAEA), CD-ROM file [IC/P7-12] www-naweb.iaea.org/napc/physics/FEC/FEC2006/html/index.htm, Kotschenreuther et al 2007 Phys. Plasmas 14 072502) can be made with the conventional poloidal field (PF) coil set on ITER (Tomabechi et al and Team 1991 Nucl. Fusion 31 1135), where all PF coils are outside the TF coils. Starting from the standard divertor, a sequence of desirable XD configurations are possible where the PF currents are below the present maximum design limits on ITER, and where the baseline divertor cassette is used. This opens the possibility that the XD could be tested and used to assist in high-power operation on ITER, but some further issues need examination. Note that the increased major radius of the super-X-divertor (Kotschenreuther et al 2007 Bull. Am. Phys. Soc. 53 11, Valanju et al 2009 Phys. Plasmas 16 5, Kotschenreuther et al 2010 Nucl. Fusion 50 035003, Valanju et al 2010 Fusion Eng. Des. 85 46) is not a feature of the XD geometry. In addition, we present an XD configuration for K-DEMO (Kim et al 2013 Fusion Eng. Des. 88 123) to demonstrate that it is also possible to attain the XD configuration in advanced tokamak reactors with all PF coils outside the TF coils. The results given here for the XD are far more encouraging than recent calculations by Lackner and Zohm (2012 Fusion Sci. Technol. 63 43) for the Snowflake (Ryutov 2007 Phys. Plasmas 14 064502, Ryutov et al 2008 Phys. Plasmas 15 092501), where the required high PF currents represent a major technological challenge. The magnetic field structure in the outboard divertor SOL (Kotschenreuther 2013 Phys. Plasmas 20 102507) in the recently created XD configurations reproduces what was presented in the earlier XD papers (Kotschenreuther et al 2004 Proc. 20th Int. Conf. on Fusion Energy (Vilamoura, Portugal, 2004) (Vienna: IAEA) CD-ROM file [IC/P6-43] www-naweb.iaea.org/napc/physics/fec/fec2004/datasets/index.html, Kotschenreuther et al 2006 Proc. 21st Int. Conf. on Fusion Energy 2006 (Chengdu, China, 2006) (Vienna: IAEA) CD-ROM file [IC/P7-12] www-naweb.iaea.org/napc/physics/FEC/FEC2006/html/index.htm, Kotschenreuther et al 2007 Phys. Plasmas 14 072502). Consequently, the same advantages accrue, but no close-in PF coils are employed.


This mini-review focuses on the prospects and tools for controlling cotton fibre secondary wall thickness. Cotton fibre secondary walls are composed of almost 100% cellulose, and are responsible for fibre maturity and a large component of fibre yield. Improved fibre yield and maturity would result from the ability to control secondary wall cellulose deposition quantitatively, including making the process less sensitive to environmental stress. Both genetic engineering and marker-assisted breeding are possible avenues for effecting such improvements, but first key genes that participate in the regulation and control of secondary wall cellulose biogenesis must be identified. Recent advances towards understanding and manipulating cotton fibre secondary wall deposition that are discussed here include: (i) experimental approaches to identify metabolic participants in cellulose biogenesis; (ii) isolation and characterization of promoters to drive foreign gene expression preferentially during secondary wall deposition; and (iii) a novel set of cDNA sequences representing genes that are differentially expressed during cotton fibre secondary wall deposition compared with primary wall deposition.


Statistical acceleration and deceleration distributions are developed as a function of speed and road type. The approach allows for the estimation of acceleration and deceleration variation among vehicles on a link with a given speed. Acceleration is shown to be a random variable that follows a probabilistic distribution that is practically independent of the road type. For the given data set, this distribution is a half-normal distribution for both acceleration and deceleration. Moreover, the standard deviation of the distributions decreases as the speed range increases. The developed model has a number of applications, especially where acceleration needs to be modeled as in the case of non-microscopic traffic models. In such context, instantaneous emission models benefit most from this analysis as these models account for engine operation, accelerations, or other power surrogate terms, which lead to the generation of tailpipe emissions. Results of this paper also have applications for designing and validating regulatory driving cycles.


Aim  Gentamicin‐impregnated collagen (Collatamp®) is well described for the prevention of infection in surgery. This technical note describes its intraoperative use as a prophylactic measure to prevent infection following implantation of a sacral nerve stimulator for faecal incontinence.


Since the earliest days of experimental developmental biology, it has been recognized that cell-cell communication likely plays a fundamental role in the regulation of biochemical and morphological development. The quest for understanding of the basic mechanisms of cellular communication which influence metazoan development has lead to analyses of numerous model systems. Nowhere in the mature vertebrate is the degree of cell-cell communication more complex and specific than in the nervous system. Due to this high


Recent observations that Notch1 mutations are present in more than 50% of human T-ALL patient samples indicate that Notch signals have a central role in the pathogenesis of T-ALL (Weng et al., 2004, Science, 306, 269–271). Notch1 mutations are of two types: i) mis-sense mutations in an extracellular heterodimerization (HD) domain; and ii) frameshift or stop codon mutations that result in deletion of an intracellular PEST destruction box. The likely effect(s) of these mutations is to i) cause heightened proteolytic activation of Notch1, an event that requires the enzyme gamma-secretase; and to ii) increase the duration of Notch1 signaling, respectively. To investigate the contribution of the HD and PEST domain mutations to the pathogenesis of human T-ALL, Notch1 alleles with common HD mutations were introduced retrovirally into hematopoietic progenitor cells, which were then transplanted into lethally irradiated mice. These mice developed transiently circulating abnormal CD4 + CD8 + T cells, but failed to develop leukemia after 9 months of monitoring. Similar findings occurred when Notch1 alleles bearing only PEST mutations were introduced into mice, as previously noted by others (Feldman et al., 2000, Blood, 96, 1906–1913). However, when HD mutations were combined with a PEST mutation in cis, the mice developed persistent circulating CD4 + CD8 + T cells, leukocytosis, and eventually T-ALL (median time, 18 weeks post-transplantation). These tumors infiltrated lymphoid organs, marrow, and viscera, were monoclonal or oligoclonal, and had intact proviral integrations. Cell lines derived from these tumors are susceptible to gamma-secretase inhibitor-mediated cell death, which indicates a continued reliance on Notch signaling for growth and survival. These results show the utility of the murine BMT assay to score Notch1 mutants found in human T-ALL with respect to leukemogenicity, and suggest that the level of signal that is necessary to induce and sustain Notch1-associated T-ALL is relatively high. It will be of interest to determine if HD domain mutations generally require PEST deletions in cis to induce T-ALL, or if weak and strong mutations of varying leukemogenic potential exist.


One of the most important social changes during the last decades has been the accelerated multiplication of giant cities and their growth in all continents, and mostly in the developing countries. The territorial nations are progressively becoming metropolitan states, in which mega-cities and metropolises dominate the economic, social, cmfultural, and political life in many international spheres. The globalisation of the world mainly develops in and through the major cities, among which an intensive network of communication of goods, people, and ideas is developing. Social change is visible in many domains but the metropolitisation of the world is probably one of the most significant and well-documented changes in the last decades.


Using the specialty of the unsupervised clustering and the na?ve Bayes classification, the paper gives a method that gains results of the text clusters and takes some of results as the training samples of the na?ve Bayes classifier and let the trained na?ve Bayes classifier reclassify those texts in illegible area of the clustering results. Consequently the method can classify the unlabeled text accurately and also can gain a better result of classification.


In this paper, we investigate the leaderless consensus problem for MAS consisting of second-order nonlinear subsystems with a class of unknown parameters. The communication topology among subsystems is directed and fixed. An adaptive control approach based on backstepping technique is proposed. The estimations of the unknown parameters of the neighbors' systems are no longer required in constructing the local adaptive controller. Moreover, the additional local estimates to compensate for the uncertainties involved in its neighbors as well as extra transmissions of online parameter estimates required among linked subsystems can be avoided. It is proven that the boundedness of all closed-loop signals and the practical consensus for all the subsystems are ensured. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme.


The inhomogeneity angle the angle between the real and imaginary parts of the wave vector is seldom taken into account in estimating attenuation coefficients from seismic data. Wave propagation through the subsurface, however, can result in relatively large inhomogeneity angles , especially for models with significant attenuation contrasts across layer boundaries. Here we study the influence of the angle on phase and group attenuation in arbitrarily anisotropic media using the first-order perturbation theory verified by exact numerical modeling. Application of the spectral-ratio method to transmitted or reflected waves yields the normalized group attenuation coefficient Ag, which is responsible for amplitude decay along seismic rays. Our analytic solutions show that for a wide range of inhomogeneity angles, the coefficient Ag is close to the normalized phase attenuation coefficient A computed for 0° A0°. The coefficient A0° can be inverted directly for the attenuation-anisotropy parameters, so no knowledge of the inhomogeneity angle is required for attenuation analysis of seismic data. This conclusion remains valid even for uncommonly high attenuation with the quality factor Q less than 10 and strong velocity and attenuation anisotropy. However, the relationship between group and phase attenuation coefficients becomes more complicated for relatively large inhomogeneity angles approaching so-called ''forbidden directions.'' We also demonstrate that the velocity function remains practically independent of attenuation for a wide range of small and moderate angles . In principle, estimation of the attenuation-anisotropy parameters from the coefficient A0° requires computation of the phase angle, which depends on the anisotropic velocity field. For moderately anisotropic models, however, the difference between the phase and group directions should not significantly distort the results of attenuation analysis.


Some quinoxaline derivatives 1-8 were synthesized and screened in vitro for their growth inhibitory activity against nine strains of Gram-positive and four strains of Gram-negative bacteria. Some of the compounds exhibited broad spectrum (in vitro) activity against the bacterial strains. One of the compounds, 2,3-dioxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoxaline-6-sulfonyl azide (6), exhibited the highest activity with an MIC value of 7.8 igmL -1 against four Gram-positive bacterial strains. Keywords : Quinoxalinones, antibacterial, Gram-positive, Gram-negative.


Dual-motor systems have been widely used in industrial applications, and speed synchronization of the motors can always be deteriorated by system parameter uncertainties and load torque perturbations. In this paper, a new robust control strategy for the dual-motor systems is developed by incorporating second order sliding mode control (2-SMC) techniques. The strategy is to design chatting-free control laws to stabilize speed tracking of each motor while synchronizing their velocity. In the proposed scheme, firstly, speed controller for a single motor is designed to eliminate the effects of system parameter variations and load torque perturbations. Secondly, a cross-coupled architecture based synchronous controller is designed to reduce speed error of the motors caused by characteristic inconsistency and unbalanced load torque. Stability of the closed loop system is analyzed by Lyapunov theory; it is proven that both speed tracking errors and synchronous error can converge to zero. Finally, experiments are performed to examine the effectiveness of the developed controllers. Experimental results will show the good performance of the proposed control scheme.


Simple Summary In this state-of-the-art breast biomarker review, we have tried to imagine and illustrate future, emerging digital breast cancer ecosystems which allow for greater incorporation of traditional immunohistochemical and molecular biomarkers, WSI, and radiomic features. Abstract Breast cancers represent complex ecosystem-like networks of malignant cells and their associated microenvironment. Estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) are biomarkers ubiquitous to clinical practice in evaluating prognosis and predicting response to therapy. Recent feats in breast cancer have led to a new digital era, and advanced clinical trials have resulted in a growing number of personalized therapies with corresponding biomarkers. In this state-of-the-art review, we included the latest 10-year updated recommendations for ER, PR, and HER2, along with the most salient information on tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), Ki-67, PD-L1, and several prognostic/predictive biomarkers at genomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic levels recently developed for selection and optimization of breast cancer treatment. Looking forward, the multi-omic landscape of the tumor ecosystem could be integrated with computational findings from whole slide images and radiomics in predictive machine learning (ML) models. These are new digital ecosystems on the road to precision breast cancer medicine.


The search for knowledge is increasingly exploited in the virtual environment through social networks. Find the pairs with different levels of knowledge is not a trivial task. This work proposes the Oraculous model based on strategies of Social Matching Systems. The matching algorithm integrates into a computational environment offering relevant peer information. This model uses annotations that an individual makes on webpages to model the combination of individuals, in order to maximize the learning network through meeting people with the same interests


An event space is a set of instantaneous events that vary both in time and specificity. The concept of an event space provides a foundation for a logical—i.e., modular and open— approach to causal reasoning. In this article, we propose intuitively transparent axioms for event spaces. These axioms are constructive in the intuitionistic sense, and hence they can be used directly for causal reasoning in any computational logical framework that accommodates type theory. We also put the axioms in classical form and show that in this form they are adequate for the representation in terms of event trees established by Shafer (1998a) using stronger axioms.


This paper presents a computationally efficient pipeline to achieve 3D point cloud reconstruction from video sequences. This pipeline involves a key frame selection step to improve the computational efficiency by generating reliable depth information from pair-wise frames. An outlier removal step is then applied in order to further improve the computational efficiency. The reconstruction is achieved based on a new absolute camera pose recovery approach in a computationally efficient manner. This pipeline is devised for both sparse and dense 3D reconstruction. The results obtained from video sequences exhibit higher computational efficiency and lower re-projection errors of the introduced pipeline compared to the existing pipelines.


The semicircular canals, utricle and endolymphatic duct form the vestibular system of the zebrafish, which has a major role in balance, acceleration and gravity-sensing. It is known that normal ear development relies on the expression of both competence and inducing factors and so a loss of function of either factor results in the loss or reduction of tissue. What is unknown is all the genes that are needed for normal semicircular canal development. We aim to identify the cause of the cloudy mutant, starting with a strong candidate gene, bmper. The cloudy mutant ear has defects in formation of the anterior and posterior semicircular canals. Findings may further understanding of the development of the ear and of balance disorders in both fish and humans. Using various methods we find that the cloudy mutant phenotype is first visible between 35 70 hours post fertilisation. I have found that the bmper gene is expressed strongly in the ear of wild type embryos in a pattern that fits with the mutant phenotype. Expression appears to be weaker in the cloudy mutant embryos. These results strengthen the interpretation that mutations in bmper are causative for the semicircular canal defects in the cloudy mutant. Introduction: In the zebrafish, the ear becomes morphologically distinguishable at 13.5 to 14 hours post fertilization (hpf). The first sign of canal formation is the appearance of finger-like protrusions of epithelium at about 42 hpf, which push inward towards the centre of the otic vesicle. Expression of dachA marks the anterior and posterior semicircular canal projection at 48 hours post fertilization. [1] The genetic defect underlying the cloudy mutant is currently unknown. The cloudy mutant ear has defects in development of the anterior and posterior semicircular canals, easily visible at day 4 of development. One of the aims of the project was to identify when the mutant phenotype of cloudy is first visible. I set out to examine and photograph the cloudy ear at different stages to see when the defect first arises. A second aim was to identify the genetic lesion underlying the cloudy mutation. As part of a collaboration, the Megason lab have identified the gene bmper using RNA sequencing as the best candidate gene for the cloudy phenotype. RNA Sequencing identifies both the region of the genome linked to a mutation and candidate lesions that may be causal for the phenotype of interest. Whole genome sequencing identifies regions of homozygosity within mutants at genetic markers (infrequent microsatellite markers); this is laborious and low resolution. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) identifies the most abundant class of marker, the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), in order to map mutations. The data from NGS identifies candidate mutations within the region of linkage that may be causal for the phenotype. [2][3] Signalling by secreted BMPs regulates numerous processes of embryogenesis and organogenesis, including development of the zebrafish ear. The action of BMP in organ development therefore makes bmper a good candidate gene to study, bmper has been shown to be a BMP agonist and antagonist: bmper protein undergoes proteolytic cleavage and this cleavage converts bmper from an antito a pro-BMP factor. Zebrafish bmper is required in a positive feedback loop to promote BMP signalling during embryonic dorsoventral patterning. bmper 's pro-BMP action is partly due to bmper 's ability to compete with chordin for binding to BMPs, whilst bmper 's anti-BMP action is thought to be due to the association of uncleaved bmper with the extracellular matrix. [4] As a first step to confirm whether mutations in bmper are causative for the cloudy phenotype, I used in situ hybridisation to examined bmper expression in the ear of wild type embryos, and to compare expression in wild-types against expression in mutant embryos, so that we can identify any differences.


Objective: To assess California firefighters' blood concentrations of selected chemicals and compare with a representative US population. Methods: We report laboratory methods and analytic results for cadmium, lead, mercury, and manganese in whole blood and 12 serum perfluorinated chemicals in a sample of 101 Southern California firefighters. Results: Firefighters' blood metal concentrations were all similar to or lower than the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) values, except for six par- ticipants whose mercury concentrations (range: 9.79 to 13.42 μ g/L) were close to or higher than the NHANES reporting threshold of 10 μ g/L. Perfluorodecanoic acid concentrations were elevated compared with NHANES andotherfirefighterstudies. Conclusions: Perfluorodecanoicacidconcentra-tions were three times higher in this firefighter group than in NHANES adult males. Firefighters may have unidentified sources of occupational exposure to perfluorinated chemicals. recommend


The seismic technology for petroleum exploration will be developing ulteriorly 21th century.Of course the 3 D seismic with still be dominated. The main further developments are as follows:(a) heighten the seismic resolution to improve exploration capacity; (b)pre stack depth migration; (c)3D visualization interpretation technology. The high resolution seismic data provide more information because of its wider bandwidth. Last decade, CNOOC has applied the bright spot and flat spot on the high resolution seismic profile to identify the gas bearing structure successfully, The Daqing Geophysical Corportion did the micro face analysis using the high resolution seismic data. The most important is that only high resolution seismic data can be reversed to impedance correctly. The pre stack depth migration is a matured technology, and it will be used more often. The development of interpretation technology of 3D data will form a new work flow and some new standards, for example, the fault interpretation standard using coherence cube. For the last few years, the acquisition technique of offshore multi component seismic has been developed. The multi component seismic will be a conventional technique for petroleum exploration. Its advantage has been proved by the tests in North Sea and South China Sea. CNOOC got very nice 4C data at the gas chimney in South China Sea,and the v p/ v s data show the gas bearing sands clearly. The seismic application is extended to petroleum production area from exploration by 4D or 4D4C technology. The problem is that how to use the 4D data in the heavy oil field? To find the seismic characters when the oil density of over 0.9 even 0.95 is the main task for CNOOC in next century because more than billion barrels of heavy oil were discovered in Bohai bay.


The purpose of this paper is to identify the problem of maturity mismatches in the structure of banks' assets and liabilities with particular reference to those that specialise in mortgages. The mismatches, which may cause a significant threat to the financial stability of a bank, are a consequence of the different expectations of borrowers and lenders. The greatest mismatches are found where the share of long-term mortgages in the banking sector's loan portfolio is growing. One attempt to neutralize the mismatch problem was the introduction of long-term covered bonds. However, market conditions have prevented these bonds from playing a significant role in solving the problem.


Six NDV strains were isolated from chickens and pigeons from Jiangsu province and Henan province.Three virus clones obtained from plaque purification were selected to amplify the F gene by RT-PCR.The full F gene was sequenced and compared with the published sequences of virulent and avirulent strains of NDV in GenBank database.Based on the nucleotide sequence and deduced amino acid sequences,these NDV isolates could be divided into three groups.The group 1 containing 3 NDV strains belonged to genotype Ⅶ,the group including 2 NDV strains belonged to genotypeⅥ and 1 NDV strains in group 3 belonged to genotypeⅢ.The cleavage sites of the F protein of all 6 isolates contain the sequence of 112R-R-Q-K-R-F117,a typical motif in virulent strains.


This study work is among the few attempts to understand the significance of AI and its implementation barriers in the healthcare systems in developing countries. Moreover, it examines the breadth of applications of AI in healthcare and medicine. AI is a promising solution for the healthcare industry, but due to a lack of research, the understanding and potential of this technology is unexplored. This study aims to determine the crucial AI implementation barriers in public healthcare from the viewpoint of the society, the economy, and the infrastructure. The study used MCDM techniques to structure the multiple-level analysis of the AI implementation. The research outcomes contribute to the understanding of the various implementation barriers and provide insights for the decision makers for their future actions. The results show that there are a few critical implementation barriers at the tactical, operational, and strategic levels. The findings contribute to the understanding of the various implementation issues related to the governance, scalability, and privacy of AI and provide insights for decision makers for their future actions. These AI implementation barriers are encountered due to the wider range of system-oriented, legal, technical, and operational implementations and the scale of the usage of AI for public healthcare.


State involvement is necessary for planning, procurement and delivery across the vast majority of infrastructure services. In the coming years, DFID plans to deliver substantial amounts of new infrastructure technical assistance (TA) programming to support state capacity in delivering sustainable, affordable, quality infrastructure services, whether publicly and/or privately financed. There is an opportunity to both learn from and improve the existing DFID set of DFID programmes which deliver development outcomes through better infrastructure.


Mycobacterium leprae survives and replicates within a lipid droplet stored in the enlarged phagosome of histiocytes, a typical feature of lepromatous leprosy that is thought to be an important nutrient source for the bacillus. However, the underlying mechanisms by which lipids accumulate within phagosomes remain unclear. Recently, it was revealed that the lipid droplet-associated proteins, including ADRP and perilipin, play essential roles in lipid accumulation in adipocytes or macrophages. Therefore, we attempted to examine the role of these proteins in leprosy pathogenesis. ADRP and perilipin localized to the phagosomal membrane, which contains M. leprae in skin biopsy specimens of lepromatous leprosy. ADRP expression was transiently increased after phagocytosis in THP-1 cells. However, high levels of ADRP expression persisted only when live M. leprae , but not dead bacilli or latex beads, was added. Furthermore, although peptidoglycan, a Toll-like receptor 2 ligand, suppressed the expression levels of ADRP and perilipin, M. leprae infection inhibited this suppression. These results suggest that live M. leprae has the ability to actively induce and support ADRP/perilipin expression to facilitate the accumulation of lipids within the phagosome and to further maintain a suitable environment for the intracellular survival within the macrophage. this study, examine the expression and localization pattern of both in vivo and in vitro and explore the impact of M. leprae on these cellular activities. (Applied of C and at Data using ABI PRISM 7000 (Applied Biosystems). All


Many imaging applications, like medical or space applications, require radiation-hard sensors. Generally, during radiation, many different defects are created, depending on the type of the radiation. With TCAD software, cross-section of a radiation-hard photodiode was simulated, and afterwards the impact of different physical parameters was simulated. Physical parameters like epitaxial layer thickness or the trap density in the bulk, play a huge role towards the responsivity of the photodiode. This paper presents a variation experiment, where relevant physical parameters are varied and analysis of the spectral responsivity and dark current of the photodiode is discussed.


IN IBM Australia Limited v. National Distribution Services Limited ,1 two members of the New South Wales Court of Appeal suggested that an arbitrator had no jurisdiction to determine whether a contract, pursuant to a provision of which the arbitrator was appointed, was void ab initio . Subsequently, in the Federal Court of Australia, in QH Tours Limited v. Ship Design & Management ( Australia ) Pty Limited ,2 Foster J declined to follow Clarke and Handley JJA in IBM . He favoured a more liberal approach to the scope of an arbitrator's jurisdiction. Recently, Young J in the New South Wales Supreme Court has adopted the more liberal approach, in Ferris v. Plaister .3 It is inimical to the proper working of the arbitral system that there should be doubt on this point.

In the writers' opinion, the conclusions arrived at by Foster J and Young J are more consonant with modern principle. First, the statements in IBM are in conflict with the law of Australia with respect to international arbitration to which the International Arbitration Act 1974 (Cth) ('the Commonwealth Act') applies. Secondly, the law in other countries and the more recent approach in England suggest that in relation to domestic arbitration also, the statements in IBM are outdated.

It is trite to say that an arbitrator's jurisdiction springs from a valid agreement to submit the dispute to arbitration. If the agreement incorporating the provision for arbitration is claimed to be void, does the arbitration clause survive to clothe the arbitrator with jurisdiction to decide the question?

The statements in IBM ignore the concept of separability, also known as severability, or autonomy, of the arbitration clause. The arbitration clause is treated as a separate contract. It remains untouched by allegations of invalidity of the principal contract. The …


Objectives Knowledge of the anatomy and variations of the maxillary sinus is essential for high surgery success. This retrospective study aimed to evaluate the characteristics of the primary maxillary ostium (PMO) and accessory maxillary ostium (AMO) in association with demographic and sinonasal �ndings using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) in a statistically highly reliable population.


This article investigates the effect that the behavioral integrity of the managers of an organization has on the attitudes of its employees. The article uses meta-analysis to demonstrate a strong p...


Recently, Wireless Body Area Network(WBAN) has drawn vast interests from researchers due to its high potential in healthcare and medical applications. In this paper, we propose and analyse the energy efficiency model of 2-hop communication in multipath fading modeled using Rician and Rayleigh distributions. In addition, the optimal packet size to maximize energy efficiency is investigated for on-body with line-of-sight(LOS) and non-line-of-sight(NLOS), and in-body channels. The modulation techniques under consideration are Binary Phase Shift Keying(BPSK) and 16-ary quadrature amplitude position modulation(QAPM). The closed-form expressions of energy efficiency models of 1-hop, cooperative and 2-hop communications are derived. We compare the numerical results of our proposed 2-hop communication with the existing 1-hop and cooperative communications. The numerical results show that for poor channel conditions, when S-D distance is greater than threshold, our proposed 2-hop communication provides the maximum energy efficiency. Moreover, 16QAPM achieves higher energy efficiency than BPSK in in-body channel regardless of communication schemes.


Abstract An extension of Bleck' method and of the method of moments is developed for the numerical integration of the kinetic equation of coalescence and breakup of cloud droplets. The number density function nk(x,t) in each separate cloud droplet packet between droplet mass grid points (xk,xk+1) is represented by an expansion in orthogonal polynomials with a given weighting function wk(x,k). The expansion coefficients describe the deviations of nk(x,t) from wk(x,k). In this way droplet number concentrations, liquid water contents and other moments in each droplet packet are conserved, and the problem of solving the kinetic equation is replaced by one of solving a set of coupled differential equations for the moments of the number density function nk(x,t). Equations for these moments in each droplet packet are derived. The method is tested against existing solutions of the coalescence equation. Numerical results are obtained when Bleck's uniform distribution hypothesis for nk(x,t) and Golovin's asymptotic...


The cover picture shows schematically, the manner in which a conformationally locked polycyclitol can be thought of as a LEGO® brick in the supramolecular world. This analogy manifests during the self-assembling process by involvement of intermolecular H-bond donors and acceptors engendered in preordained positions through the rigid trans-decalin framework and intramolecular O–H···O hydrogen bonding between the 1,3-diaxial OH groups. Details are discussed in the article by G. Mehta et al. on p. 423 ff.


We are all excited to see an increasing number of national efforts to reform computing education. Persistent and sustainable change in a state, its higher education institutions, and its K12 districts requires the active participation of individuals and local organizations to engage policy makers, higher education, school districts and communities. U.S. education is highly distributed, with critical decisions pushed more to the community level and less at the national (or even state) level. The system is organized along K20 pathways and a reform process to improve these pathways will take place at multiple levels and state by state. This BOF will bring together emerging leaders at the state level with representatives from national initiatives to share best practices for implementing change. The NSF BPC Expanding Computing Education Pathways (ECEP) Alliance will present its 4-step model for state change: identify leaders, assess the CS education landscape, organize the statewide stakeholders, and find resources to enable change. We will moderate a discussion of how the ECEP model, its services and federal/foundation resources might be adapted to enhance state-based initiatives and partnerships. ECEP provides experts for state policy events, teacher professional development, and 2-4-year transfer summits. It provides training and funding to help start computing summer camps. ECEP trial interventions are helping more African American students pass the AP-CS-A exam.


The prevalence of jocular elements in Shakespeare's oeuvre does not cease to evoke linguists' interest. Much as humorousness is viewed universal and ubiquitous, translation technicalities related thereto still seem to pose a challenge for translators. The notion of anisomorphism – inextricably related to rendition and perceived as one of the key constraints affecting translation of wordplay – gathered little attention both at the linguistic and pragmatic level. Therefore, the paper seeks to arrive at a succinct yet comprehensive account of anisomorphic instances. Alongside, the rationale behind the application of particular translation strategies did not go unrecognized. The discussion is predicated upon examples extracted from Shakespeare's Love's Labour's Lost.


Abstract In this paper, the mathematical model of a jet pipe electrohydraulic flow control servo valve with a built-in mechanical feedback is developed. The actuator dynamics is also included. The solid and finite element (FE) models of the critical and precision components, feedback spring assembly and flexure tube of jet pipe assembly, were carried out first and simulated with appropriate boundary and loading conditions in a commercially available FE code, IDEAS, version 7.0, to ascertain the stiffnesses. To validate the obtained finite element results, experiments were carried out with a specially designed and fabricated test set-up. Moderately good agreement was observed between finite element and experimental values. The required simulation parameters for a jet pipe servo valve-actuator system, such as the moment of inertia, mass of the spool, mass of the piston, stiffness of the critical and precision components, and lever arm length, were obtained from the solid and finite element models. The developed model was simulated in commercially available software, MATLAB 6.5, Release 13. The step response of the valve was analysed. The simulation clearly showed the dynamics of the jet pipe, spool, and actuator displacement in achieving the equilibrium position when the applied torque and restoring torques balance, known as the steady state.


The thinking of the Internet has made indoor design develop rapidly as the era of big data. With the vigorous promotion of urbanization, the indoor environment of residential buildings has not been studied in detail. Based on the characteristics of different stages of family life cycle, the design of residential interior design solutions is presented. Most residential interior design has been able to meet the basic design requirements. However, with the development of social consumption patterns, individualized demand is obvious. The functional requirements of people in the interior of a residential space will inevitably change with the development of the times. The functional spatial layout of buildings has been unable to meet the different residential needs of different family life cycle stages. Therefore, based on the big data, and through the research methods of interior design, it is necessary to find a balance point between the invariance of the building and the variability of the demand for the residential space.


Ethics research queries the norms and values that shape the goals and justification for gene drive projects, and that might lead to issue or opposition to such projects. A framework for organizing ...


Although extremely premature boys tend to have a higher burden of neurocognitive impairments than girls, some unexpected similarities were found.


The Transport Enterprises of Cologne have centralized all supervising equipment and control facilities which are necessary for the operational control of an interurban traffic enterprise in a central operational direction station. The traction power supply, the stop supervision, the protection of train running information for passengers and the wireless telephone traffic have been united. Four years of operation have shown that the results are a remarkable reduction in staff, effective operating management and quick correction of operating irregularities. For the future the utilization of a computer aided operational directing system is planned.


This paper presents the design and the experimental results of a 28 GHz vector modulator based on the concept of vector sum. Its compact printed structure uses a 90° hybrid coupler and a Wilkinson power combiner, and is controlled by two reflection-type attenuators, using four p-i-n diodes. The obtained results show that the proposed structure can control both phase and amplitude, simultaneously, with 360° phase shift range, making it suitable for applications using beamforming, in adaptive antennas, such as 5G systems.


With the emergence of flexible display technologies, it will be necessary for interface designers to move beyond flat interfaces and to contextualize interaction in an object's physical shape. Grounded in early explorations of organic user interfaces (OUIs), this paper examines the evolving relationship between industrial and interaction designs and examines how not only what we design is changing, but how we design too. First, we discuss how (and why) to better support the design of OUIs: how supporting sketching, a fundamental activity of many design fields, is increasingly critical and why a 'hypercontextualized'approachtotheirdesigncanreducethedrawbacksmetwheneverydayobjects become interactive. Finally, underlying both these points is the maturation of technology to that of a computational material; when interactive hardware is seamlessly melded into an object's shape, the 'computer'disappears and is better seen as a basic design material that, incidentally, happens to have interactive behavior. STUDY HIGHLIGHTS • The art of user interface design is on the cusp of a revolutionary change. • Flexible display materials dramatically alter how computer interfaces can be designed. • Technology is moving towards that of a computational material.


The metric on the moduli space of charge (2,1) SU(3) Bogomolny-Prasad-Sommerfield monopoles is calculated and investigated. The hyperKahler quotient construction is used to provide an alternative derivation of the metric. Various properties of the metric are derived using the hyperKahler quotient construction and the correspondence between BPS monopoles and rational maps. Several interesting limits of the metric are also considered.


This document describes in detail the main elements of the Russian military intervention in Syria. It analyzes the political objectives pursued by Moscow: to protect Russian interests in Syria, increasing Russian influence in the Middle East, question the regional and global leadership of the United States, and contain the Daesh. The document also pays attention to the risks for Moscow and it ends analyzing two possible scenarios arising from the Russian intervention in Syria.


In view of current undergraduate's psychological disease,university libraries should implement the service of reading therapy.This paper mainly discussed the historical development of reading therapy as well as the advantage and countermeasure of developing it in university libraries.


Introduction of microbiologically contaminated materials into mice can cause infections and distort  research results. As counter measures, biological materials should be routinely screened prior to use, ideally  by specific, sensitive, and reliable diagnostic methods. In this overview, we present a description of the  currently used detection methods for murine viruses, including virus isolation in cell culture, the mouse  antibody production (MAP) test, infant mouse bioassay and the PCR, that are relevant to routine health  monitoring and summarize available data on their comparative sensitivities. Current diagnostic trends  toward increased use of in vitro methods, apart from providing sensitive and specific results, contribute to  refinement, replacement and reduction of the use of laboratory animals.Â


A critic of the current traduction of 1Tm 1,4, with the expression oikonomia, is here proposed. After an analysis of the four possible translations for this word according to his morphological components, recurring to linguistic and exegetic instruments, the translation «administration of the home » is supported as the most expressive of the sinn of the passage and of the message of the epistle.


The generation of electrical power using sustainable sources of energy is developing rapidly. The authors describe how the security and quality of electricity supply might be maintained. They discuss the control of variable speed using doubly fed induction generators (DFIG) in wind turbines. The DFIG is constructed from a wound rotor asynchronous machine. Variable speed operation is obtained by injecting a variable voltage into the rotor at slip frequency The injected rotor voltage is obtained using two AC/DC insulated gate bipolar transistor based voltage source converters (VSC), linked by a DC bus. The converter ratings determine the variable speed range. Speed control for optimum power, system frequency control, and machine inertia are also discussed.