The term 'reflex arc' is used in psycho-physiological theory such that the sensory-motor mechanism has a shape of an arc from the sensory nervous system to the motor nervous system via the brain and spinal cord. As experimental psychology has emerged and developed, such a reflex arc mechanism has come to be seen as an extremely basic explanation model of explaining the sensory-motor process. Thorndike had positively theorized the reflex arc model by applying it to the field of educational psychology, while Dewey objected thereto. The reflex arc theory of Thorndike was largely accepted by educators during the middle and later periods of twentieth century, but Dewey's objections thereto did not exert any touchable practical effect. Here, pro and con positions to the reflex arc model will be presented, particularly in the field of education, by citing Thorndike and Dewey, respectively. Deep consideration will be given to what implications such reflex arc-related pro and con positions have as to education as such, while the way and the results of building the education as science on the model of reflex arc being tested and evaluated. The genuine science of education turns out to conform in purpose to that of liberal education as such, so that in-situ educators of liberal education serve important roles in realizing such a science, and act as a specialist-practitioner. This study argues that the improper implications of the reflex arc model to education could be dissolved or removed by understanding and encouraging holistic transactions between the teacher-learners as well as between the peers.


In this article, we analyse three 'classical' cases of using history of mathematics in teacher training and reinterpret them using the framework of mathematical knowledge for teaching (MKT). We continue with a discussion of the potential benefits of applying MKT as a framework for discussion in research related to the use of history in mathematics education. MKT serves as an example of a framework from general mathematics education research which has something to offer in this respect. We argue that the MKT framework provides a powerful language to communicate results from research on the uses of history of mathematics to researchers in other areas of mathematics education research.


Here we provide a novel atomic, paraxial model in which a single belt of electrons surrounds the nucleus. The electronic belt is depicted in terms of broken lines and split wavy trajectories that intersect an axis, giving rise to small angles that can be accurately calculated. We demonstrate that the probabilistic electronic cloud of the atom described by quantum mechanics can be depicted in terms of an electronic belt, because its sizes closely match the descriptions given by de Broglie and Heisenberg. In touch with the claims of the two latter Authors, the wavy trajectories around the nucleus come back to a starting point, so that their orbits are stationary.


The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between motivational factors of employment and value orientations of employees of the organization. As a hypothesis was the assumption of the existence of a link between value orientations of employees of the organization and motivating factors of employment. As a result of research we came to the conclusion that employees with strong values, high wealth and high social status of the main motivational factors of employment are wages, autonomy in work and friendly team; for employees with the values of fellowship, relaxation, and helping other people, the main motivators are positive the result of reflection and recognition, and approval by staff. A direct statistically significant correlation between performance on a scale diagnostics of achievement motivation and the technique of diagnostics of value orientations confirmed the obtained results.


NURSES WHO suffer from allergic reactions to latex gloves will be glad to hear of a new non-sterile glove called Nitra Touch. The gloves, made from 100 per cent nitrile, are free of fillers and additives such as wax, silicone and plasticisers.


A humidity sensor includes a humidity detection portion (30), a pad portion (40) and a locking portion (60). The humidity detection portion (30) has a pair of detection electrodes (31a, 31b) located on a predetermined surface (20a) of a substrate (20) opposite one another, and a humidity-sensitive film (36), said detecting electrodes (31a, 31b) covered, on. The pad portion (40) is spaced from the humidity detection section (30) on the surface (20a) and with a protection gel (50) is covered. The locking portion (60) is arranged between the humidity detection section (30) and the pad portion (40) on the surface (20a). The locking portion (60) has a locking line (61, 81) of the same material as the detection electrodes (31a, 31b) is constructed, and a humidity-sensitive film (62) formed of the same material as the humidity-sensitive film (36) is built and at least part of the barrier line (61, 81) covered on.


By synchrotron radiation high-resolution core-level photoemission we have found that the ${3d}_{5/2}$ core-level spectrum of Rh(111) presents, in addition to a well resolved component shifted by -460 meV with respect to the bulk peak, also another component, opposit in sign, shifted by +71 meV. Photoelectron diffraction has allowed to attribute the two components to surface and sub-surface Rh atoms, respectively. Our findings are in very good agreement with recent ab initio density functional theory calculations and show that on Rh(111) initial state effects dominate over the screening contribution.


A set of five new aromatic poly(imide)s (PIs) incorporating pendant acyclic alkyl moieties were synthesized. The difference among them was the length and bulkiness of the pendant group, which comprises of linear alkyl chains from three to six carbon atoms, and a tert-butyl moiety. The effect of the side group length on the physical, thermal, mechanical, and gas transport properties was analyzed. All PIs exhibited low to moderate molecular weights (Mn ranged between 27.930–58.970 Da, and Mw ranged between 41.760–81.310 Da), good solubility in aprotic polar solvents, except for PI-t-4, which had a tert-butyl moiety and was soluble even in chloroform. This behaviour was probably due to the most significant bulkiness of the side group that increased the interchain distance, which was corroborated by the X-ray technique (PI-t-4 showed two d-spacing values: 5.1 and 14.3 Å). Pure gas permeabilities for several gases were reported (PI-3 (Barrer): He(52); H2(46); O2(5.4); N2(1.2); CH4(1.1); CO2(23); PI-t-4 (Barrer): He(139); H2(136); O2(16.7); N2(3.3); CH4(2.3); CO2(75); PI-5 (Barrer): He(44); H2(42); O2(5.9); N2(1.4); CH4(1.2); CO2(27); PI-6 (Barrer): He(45); H2(43); O2(6.7); N2(1.7); CH4(1.7); CO2(32)). Consistent higher volume in the side group was shown to yield the highest gas permeability. All poly(imide)s exhibited high thermal stability with 10% weight loss degradation temperature between 448–468 °C and glass transition temperature between 240–270 °C. The values associated to the tensile strength (45–87 MPa), elongation at break (3.2–11.98%), and tensile modulus (1.43–2.19 GPa) were those expected for aromatic poly(imide)s.


Vegetable garden pen was planted at longse town of Rugao in 1995~2001 The accumulative total area was about 1200hm 2 Compared to wheat-cotton code,the production value of planting garden pea was up to 16500 yuan/hm 2,increasing 11550 yuan to planting wheat.The benefit of seed cotton increased was 420 yuan,The total production value increased was 11970 yuan.And it could meliorate soil,earth up abblity of soil offering,correspond expenditure.The risk of market was few.It had mouve benefits of society,economy and zoology.On the other hand,the planting technique of this mode was simple.The operation was easy. It could be spreaded in order at riparian of around.


Langevin simulation is performed to investigate the diffusion coefficient of a Brownian particle subjected to an external harmonic noise in a two-dimensional coupled periodic potential. Resonant diffusion phenomenon is observed as a result of the coupling between the central frequency of the spectral density of the harmonic noise and the frequency of the potential well bottom. The diffusion coefficient presents approximately linear functions of the strengths of the internal and external noises for low values of the strengths, these functions can be understood by the local linearization approximation of the potential force. The damping coefficient dependence of the diffusion coefficient in lower damping is well fitted by a negative power function, as an internal Gaussian white noise case does, but with a power whose absolute value is larger than 1.


To replace the conventional materials with poor soften resistance, a novel Al_2O_(3p)/Cu composite with high softening resistance by means of internal oxidation method were fabricated. The softening temperature of the Al_2O_(3p)/Cu composite was determined by annealing tests at the temperature varying from room temperature to 1050℃. The evolution of microstructure of the composite in the process of recrystallization annealing were investigated by means of SEM, TEM and EDS. The results show that the Cu-0.6% Al_2O_3 composite presents excellent recrystallization resistance. The recrystallization process doesn't occur until the annealing temperature exceeds 900 ℃. The grain size of the composite is 0.5~5μm in diameter, while the size of alumina particulates produced by the internal oxidation process are about 10~20nm in diameter. The nano-Al\-2O\-3 is mainly distributed on the sub-grain boundary. The nucleation mechanism of the recrystallization of the Al_2O_(3p)/Cu composite is that the subgrain dislocation boundaries disappear to form the boundaries of the new small grain without lattice disorder. The effect of the nano-Al\-2O\-3 on the growth of recrystallization nuclei is also discussed.


Visualizing a cocitation network is an important technique employed by information scientists to illustrate the intellectual structure of a knowledge domain. A cocitation network is usually visualized by drawing an undirected arc between two articles that are cocited by other papers. The contextual information, i.e., information regarding papers citing these cocited articles, is suppressed and therefore invisible. We demonstrate a novel approach that uses the citation network itself to reveal cocitation relationships. The preserved contextual information of the cocitation network reveals the indirect relationships between clusters of cocited nodes that may facilitate the exploration of interdisciplinary studies.


Massive Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output (MIMO) has been outlined as one of the main technologies for achieving the potential in future communication networks. Its theoretical conception was approximately seven years ago, and since then, research activity has grown exponentially [1]. For this research to be commercialized, it is critical to find out how reality differs from theoretical results. This has now become possible with National Instruments' new Massive MIMO Application Framework, which aims at enabling researchers to rapidly prototype theoretical results in a practical scenario. This thesis aims at using said application framework to understand the implications of using Massive MIMO in wireless sensor networks through a specific scenario called Decision Fusion, where the main principle is to combine data from multiple information sources to take a global decision about a physical event. In this case, the information sources are sensors measuring frequency spectrum activity, and the global decision is whether the spectrum is in use by other mobile units. This work has produced an experiment model and real-world channel measurements that are in the process of being analyzed. The report outlines strengths and weaknesses of the model and suggests possible future work. All implementation files are in the attached folder.


Three decades after it began, the most successful program in the United States for preparing minority students for careers in academic research, the Meyerhoff Scholars Program, is beginning to be replicated on a large scale. In September, the Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI) will announce a competition to fund as many as six research universities that want to embrace the model pioneered at the University of Maryland in Baltimore County (UMBC). Six years ago, its enviable record prompted HHMI to give two schools—Pennsylvania State University in State College and the University of North Carolina in Chapel Hill—a $7.7 million grant to work with UMBC to create a Meyerhoff-like program on their campus. Now, HHMI hopes to broaden that success by giving institutions up to $2.5 million apiece over 5 years in seed money. HHMI is not the only funder trying to spread the word about Meyerhoff. In April, the Chan Zuckerberg Initiative announced a $6.9 million award to two University of California schools, Berkeley and San Diego, to work with UMBC to create their own versions.


Received January 10, 2020 Accepted June 19, 2020 Steroid pulse therapy (SPT) refers to the administration of high doses of corticosteroids over a short period of time. SPT is widely used for the management of various diseases. Steroid treatment is associated with a risk of delirium, and reportedly, the risk of psychological symptoms increases with long-term treatment. Few studies have reported SPTinduced delirium. We retrospectively investigated factors associated with SPT-induced delirium. We investigated 258 patients who received SPT for 3 consecutive days between January 2017 and December 2018. Delirium occurred in 6 (2.3%) patients (all elderly men). Univariate analysis of 79 elderly men showed that liver injury (odds ratio [OR] 9.2, 95% con dence interval [CI] 1.2 – 69.1), trazodone hydrochloride administration (OR 10.1, 95% CI 0.7 – 49.6), and cerebrovascular disease (OR 5.7, 95% CI 0.9 – 112.0) were associated with SPT-induced delirium. The percentage of correct classi cation with these factors was 93.7%. Preventive strategies are important in patients presenting with the aforementioned risk factors associated with delirium in elderly men.


Growth in the global advertising industry - especially the recent rapid growth in online advertising - has generated large volumes of data, bringing along with it many challenging data mining problems. Researchers from various disciplines have brought their expertise to solve these exciting problems, leading to a plethora of novel applications and new algorithms. Data mining techniques, which are to mine patterns and knowledge from large scale data, can provide effective solutions to the above problems in different types of online advertising, including sponsored search, contextual advertising, behavior targeting and so on.


Katie Aughterson. Aphra Behn: The Comedies. New York: Palgrave Macmillan 2003. 259 pp. $26.95.Annette Kreis-Schinck. Women, Writing, and the Theater in the Early Modern Period: The Plays of Aphra Behn and Suzanne Centlivre. Cranbury, NJ: Fairleigh Dickinson UP, 2001. 273 pp. $46.50.Kate Aughterson's Aphra Behn: The Comedies and Annette Kreis-Schinck's Women, Writing, and the Theater in the Early Modern Period: The Plays of Aphra Behn and Suzanne Centlivre both explore, in part, a common subject. However, each speaks to a decidedly different audience. And while Kreis-Schinck's efforts to contextualize the works of Behn and Centlivre within the Restoration era represent a welcome addition to the expanding range of scholarship on these two vital playwrights, Aughterson's guide to Behn's comedies, while approachable and perceptive, suffers slightly from an unclear sense of the needs of its likely readers.When considering Kreis-Schinck's work, it is impossible not to place it alongside Nancy Copeland's worthwhile 2004 study, Staging Gender in Behn and Centlivre: Women's Comedy and the Theatre (reviewed in RECTR 19.1, Summer 2004), but the two volumes are by no means redundant. While Copeland's work is primarily performancebased, Kreis-Schinck's sociohistorical investigation seeks to demonstrate both the methods by which Behn and Centlivre moved from the role of performer to that of creator of drama during the decades following the 1660 royal decree allowing female actresses as well as the effects of this evolution on their stage productions. She does this by exploring the five social stations open to seventeenth-century women and how the growing cultural interest in domestic interiors led to a gradual transformation of each of these roles both within the home and on stage.Kreis-Schinck uses a wide range of texts-including theatrical, clerical, moralist, philosophical, and legal-to illustrate shifting social attitudes towards the early modern female roles of virgin, wife, widow, illicit lover, and on the rarest of occasions, divorcee. For each of these five social constructs, Kreis-Schinck first provides the reader with historical context on how women in these positions were perceived during this era and the cultural forces that were destabilizing even the most durable female roles. For instance, in her chapter entitled "What Is a Wife?" Kreis-Schinck notes that during the Interregnum, the 1653 Barebones Parliament enacted a proposal making marriage a civil ceremony, resulting in a three year period where church weddings ceased to be legally binding (40). While this radical shift in marriage law was short-lived, Kreis-Schinck argues that it brought to the forefront issues that had been discussed quietly for decades, such as the differences between a sacred and secular marriage, the purposes of marriage beyond procreation, the legal status of women within a marriage, and even the conditions under which an individual should be able to dissolve a marriage.Kreis-Schinck then cites literary antecedents to Behn and Centlivre who also presented women in each of these five social roles, and follows this up by offering examples from the plays of her two primary subjects to illustrate the considerable changes in ideology that were occurring while Behn and Centlivre were writing. KreisSchinck's discussion of the widow is particularly valuable in this regard. She notes that there are surprisingly few widows in Behn's dramatic oeuvre, given the fact that she herself lost a husband (115). On only three occasions in all her works does she include a widow and none of them is a leading part. This includes her final play, the posthumously produced The Widdow Ranter (1690), where the title character is, in Kreis-Schinck's opinion, given little to do and is presented with few representative facets. At the same time, Kreis-Schinck sees Behn moving beyond simple stereotypes when Lady Knowell from Sir Patient Fancy (1678), Lady Galliard of The City-Heiress: Or, Sir Timothy Treat-all (1682), and The Widdow Ranter character are looked at together. …


The human being's tourism activity is a system in terms of the system theory.The tourism system,which has the holistic function of realizing the tourist value,is an aggregation that includes all kinds of tour affairs and is an organic whole that is constituted by the interrelation and interaction of the element through the tour activity of visitors.This paper makes an introduction,a commentary and a summary about the tourism system models which brought forward by the scholars both at home and abroad in sequence,based on analyzing and expounding the characteristic of tourism system.It points out the standpoint of system theory not only offers the epistemology foundation to the exploitation of tourist resources but also offers the methodology foundation to the tourism planning. And it puts forward that the tourism system which contains environment consciousness and complexity feature will become an important study orientation of tourism science in the future.The establishment of tourism system models will provide the realistic theory foundation to the research of tourism.


The aim of this work is to provide a proper framework for the simulation and the optimization of the event building, the on-line third level trigger, and complete event reconstruction processor farm for the future HERA-B experiment. A discrete event, process oriented, simulation developed in concurrentμC++ is used for modelling the farm nodes running with multi-tasking constraints and different types of switching elements and digital signal processors interconnected for distributing the data through the system. An adequate graphic interface to the simulation part which allows to monitor features on-line and to analyze trace files, provides a powerful development tool for evaluating and designing parallel processing architectures. Control software and data flow protocols for event building and dynamic processor allocation are presented for two architectural models.


Results of investigations of hydrocarbon gas/liquid mixtures as experiments in the P-V-T bomb and observed in existing wells are presented. The different hierarchical levels of the gas/liquid systems, which are similar, regardless to the rocks, ages, location and scale are demonstrated. A tentative global diagram for the hydrocarbon sphere of the earth is proposed. The main feature of diagrams, the fixed value of initial ratio of free gas/liquid in systems is about the same in all cases. It let us evaluate the possible amount of liquid hydrocarbons by the use of independent new data of gaseous reserves. In view of the need of deeper drilling, the evident energy limit of every project-the energy (or exergy) payback time should be calculated.


Edge detection is the most frequently and important used operations in image analysis. The edges of the image defined the boundaries and regions of the image. In this paper several edge detection techniques have been applied on Equalized image of different categories of Fishes like Fresh water fish, Salt water fish, Poisonous Fish, Dangerous fish and all fishes are belongs to different fish family and fish classification in image processing using different filters which are basically based on gradient method like Sobel, Prewitt ,Roberts ,Log Based and Canny edge detector . Canny Method gave better performance among all other methods like Sobel, Prewitt, Roberts, Log. The Experimentation done in software MATLAB 12.0


Panel participants outline their positions on the changes in traditional construction contracts. The participants argue from the perspectives of an engineering/construction management firm, a supplier of engineer/procure/construct contracts, a contractor, and an owner. Each party has a different perspective to meet its needs as well as the needs of its partners.<<ETX>>


The demise of Rocky Mountain News and printed Seattle Post-Intelligencer only weeks apart in 2009 met with an outpouring of mediated concern among the journalistic community. In the shadow of the two failed newspapers, journalists defended the medium while warning of the growth of online news forms. In analyzing this response, this essay reappraises literature on 'paradigm repair' in which public repudiations of supposedly individual deviance aim to protect journalistic values and practices from scrutiny. It argues for the need to extend paradigm repair to account for an interpretive shift from individualizing and ostracizing incidents to holding them to be generalizable indicators of widespread paradigmatic challenges. Dubbed 'second-order paradigm repair', this concept aims to improve understanding of journalism in a time of change.


Deep learning has attracted a lot of attention lately, thanks. Thanks to its high modeling performance, technological advancement, and big data for training, deep learning has achieved a remarkable improvement in both high and low-level vision tasks. One crucial aspect of the success of a deep learning-based model is an adequate large data set for fueling the training stage. But in many cases, well-labeled large data is hard to acquire. Recent works have shown that it is possible to optimize denoising models by minimizing the difference between different noise instances of the same image. Yet, it is not a common practice to collect data with different noise instances of the same sample. Addressing this issue, we propose a training method that enables training deep convolutional neural network models for Gaussian denoising to be trained in cases of no ground truth data. More specifically, we propose to train a deep learning-based denoising model using only a single noise instance. With that in mind we develop a non-local self-similarity noise training method that uses only one noise instance.


To circle the observation of Euscaphis konishii's seed germination process, divide it for absorb the bulge stage, the bourgeon stage, the germination stage and seedling. Trend gone up from the CAT and POD activity to see, the exaltations of the POD and CAT activity that collect on November 30th in stages of the process most. Lead to POD and CAT activity of the exaltation be advantageous to the growth and growth of the plant, explain that collect on November 30th of the seed germination dint is the best of these three seeds with period different seed collection.


This paper presents an optimal control scheme to help track a reference command and if necessary a dynamic model with desirable transient characteristics. A nominal modelfollowing controller for the linearized system is designed using LQR with an error feedback. Typically, integrators are augmented to the state space for nonzero reference tracking by erro r feedback. In this case, the control at steady state based on the known system dynamics is precalculated and is used to modify the performance index. This formulation allows error feedback without necessitating the addition of an integral state and the solution of the algebraic Riccati equation can be used to obtain the tracking controller gains. However in the presence of unmodeled dynamics and nonlinearities, the steady state control needs to be redefined. This is done by using neural network based observers to identify the unknown quantities and update the control. The system stability is analyzed and Lyapunov based weight update rules are applied to the neural networks to guarantee the boundedness of the error in estimation and weights. In order to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method, the simulation results for a 2�DOF helicopter tracking problem and the short period dynamics of a fighter aircraft are presented .


INTRODUCTION: One of the primary advantages of unicompartmental knee replacement (UKR) is that the procedure can be performed using a minimally invasive approach. Because of the reduced surgical exposure and the desire to minimize cartilage damage, UKR intramedullary (IM) rods are typically shorter and thinner than total knee replacement (TKR) rods, and the rod placement is in the medial distal femur. From previous studies of TKR rods it is known that rod length, thickness, and placement are critical factors determining alignment accuracy. This study was designed to evaluate the expected IM rod orientation for one set of UKR instrumentation.


A control vector is a data structure that specifies the nature and role of an associated cryptographic key. The control vector is checked by software and cryptographic hardware in order to limit the range of permissible operations to be undertaken with ciphertext produced with the key. The linking of the control vector and cryptographic key is such that attempts to modify, or substitute, control vectors will cause the subsequent processing to operate with a corrupted key, and hence ensure protection of data encrypted with the genuine key. A potential attack on the control vector approach is described in which the complement of the control vector is substituted. The manner in which such attacks are thwarted by the IBM implementation of control vectors is also described.


This work presents results of an experimental investigation of the effect of suppressing chaotic oscillations in a five-resonance klystron active oscillator with delayed feedback by external harmonic signal and applying of this effect to generating a periodic sequence of chaotic radio pulses.


Significance We investigate regulation of domoic acid, a potent marine phycotoxin, at the climate scale. Due to the threat domoic acid can pose to public health, marine wildlife, and coastal economies, decades of laboratory experiments have examined controls on domoic acid production without reaching consensus on reliable toxin-producing conditions. Our findings reveal an association between domoic acid in shellfish and climate-scale warm ocean conditions, a unique, large-scale perspective relative to previous work. Domoic acid is a potent neurotoxin produced by certain marine microalgae that can accumulate in the foodweb, posing a health threat to human seafood consumers and wildlife in coastal regions worldwide. Evidence of climatic regulation of domoic acid in shellfish over the past 20 y in the Northern California Current regime is shown. The timing of elevated domoic acid is strongly related to warm phases of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation and the Oceanic Niño Index, an indicator of El Niño events. Ocean conditions in the northeast Pacific that are associated with warm phases of these indices, including changes in prevailing currents and advection of anomalously warm water masses onto the continental shelf, are hypothesized to contribute to increases in this toxin. We present an applied domoic acid risk assessment model for the US West Coast based on combined climatic and local variables. Evidence of regional- to basin-scale controls on domoic acid has not previously been presented. Our findings have implications in coastal zones worldwide that are affected by this toxin and are particularly relevant given the increased frequency of anomalously warm ocean conditions.


This work investigates the role of predictive models in the implementation of basic cognitive skills in robots, such as the capability to distinguish between self-generated actions and those generated by other individuals and the capability to maintain an enhanced internal visual representation of the world, where objects covered by the robot's own body in the original image may be visible in the enhanced one. A developmental approach is adopted for this purpose. In particular, a humanoid robot is learning, through a self-exploration behaviour, the sensory consequences (in the visual domain) of self-generated movements. The generated sensorimotor experience is used as training data for a deep convolutional neural network that maps proprioceptive and motor data (e.g. initial arm joint positions and applied motor commands) onto the visual consequences of these actions. This forward model is then used in two experiments. First, for generating visual predictions of self-generated movements, which are compared to actual visual perceptions and then used to compute a prediction error. This error is shown to be higher when there is an external subject performing actions, compared to situations where the robot is observing only itself. This supports the idea that prediction errors may serve as a cue for distinguishing between self and other, a fundamental prerequisite for the sense of agency. Secondly, we show how predictions can be used to attenuate self-generated movements, and thus create enhanced visual perceptions, where the sight of objects - originally occluded by the robot body - is still maintained. This may represent an important tool both for cognitive development in robots and for the understanding of the sense of object permanence in humans.


No doubt you've seen the billboard, commercial or advertisement that shows a rump roast piled high on a plate, with the caption &dquo;Ahh, beef!&dquo; &dquo; No, it's not a reply to Walter Mondale, it's just propaganda for eating meat, which keeps cattlemen happy and well fed. I'm not a vegetarian or an animal rights proponent. But &dquo;Ahh, beef!&dquo; bothers me a lot. The agency that devised this clever ad didn't mince words, or meat, in making their latest pitch. They don't try to convince you that meat is good for you, that you can serve it in a dozen ways or that it's cheap. Nor do they insinuate that meat will make your teeth sparkle or do wonders for your sex life. None of the usual con games or techniques of illicit persuasion. In short, nothing to criticize. Instead they're grabbing us by the entrails. Like Bert Lahr, who got everybody hooked on potato chips by daring 'em to eat just one, the &dquo;Ahh, beef!&dquo; message is 'bet you can't resist, you animal, you.' No argument; rather, the ad insinuates that argument is useless, that your mouth has reasons your mind does not know, that even those who rationally believe that eating animals is immoral or at least unhealthy will compromise their principles as soon


As faculty are increasingly recruited to participate in retention efforts on their campuses, I argue that composition studies professionals should pay attention to the scholarship on retention, one of the fastest growing areas of research in higher education. Moreover, the questions surrounding which of our students persist until graduation and why should qualify our arguments about access and reframe our conversations about pedagogy.


Background: Clinical education is a vital component of physician education, where medical students learn by attending to patientsandapplyingtheirknowledgeandreasoningtosolvetheirproblems. However,manymedicalstudentsstruggletoacquire procedural skills, the ultimate goal of clinical education. Procedural skills are expected to be learned by the residents according to their academic year and are essential for providing better health services to children and families. Objectives: This study evaluates the status of the training provided and the level of learning the necessary procedural skills in pediatric residents based on standards. Methods: This research was a descriptive cross-sectional method from 1998 to 99. In the first part of the researcher-made questionnaire, the implementation of the educational program on all pediatric residents (115) of Mofid Children's Hospital was evaluated. In the second part, the residents' views on the current state of their learning of essential procedural skills were determined. Results: All residents from years one to four participated in the study. After assessing the status of skills acquired by residents with a questionnaire and comparing the average of each skill acquisition procedure with the desired standards, the average of all skills in all three methods was under the standards approved by the Ministry of Health, except for independent subcutaneous, intramuscular and intravenous injection skills and the skill of working with a ventilator. Also, according to the Friedman test, the lowestscoreforgainingskillsinperformingprocedureswasrelatedtoNGtubeplacementskillsandsubcutaneous,intramuscular, and intravenous injection skills. According to the statistical results obtained from the Spearman coefficient in all procedures, the level of subcutaneous, intramuscular, and intravenous injection skills had a significant correlation with independent skills. Conclusions: According to the specialized assistants of children participating in this study, the current training program of essential procedural skills implemented at Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences was generally useful and effective. But there were also obstacles and limitations. Therefore, it is recommended to review the implementation of the training programs and implement effective measures, including providing more exposure conditions for independent procedures.


Traditional paper-cut is a very outstanding folk art.Based on the introduction of Chinese tradition paper-cut art and current protection status,the article analyzes the necessity of protection,and elaborates the feasible selection of providing the protection for Chinese paper-cut art in the intellectual property rights domain.Finally,aimed at the insufficiency of paper-cut art of the intellectual property protection now,the article proposes some intellectual property protection countermeasures of protecting Chinese paper-cut art in detail in some existing intellectual property rights legal regime,such as copyright law,trademark law,patent law,anti-unfair competition law and some emerging domain name right protection system.


Permanent Economic Loan, Land, Building and Investment Society Incorporated - Guide to Australian Business RecordsArchival Resources - The Guide to Australian Business Records is a biographical, bibliographical and archival database of Australian business entities with links to related articles and images.


Natural gas resembles oil in fulfilling a wide variety of uses as both a source of energy and a feedstock, but the proportion of world production that is traded internationally is very much lower, and insufficient for a world price of gas to be established. Written specifically for economists interested in energy, development and industrial economics; oil and gas industry personnel; officials of developing countries; and intergovernmental organizations concerned with development. This book addresses the issues of how the economic price of gas is determined within individual countries with different characteristics and which factors should be taken into account by governments in the formulation of pricing policies that are appropriate for gas. These are illustrated with estimates of the costs of exploration and production of gas, and of the benefits to be derived from its use in various economic sectors for a number of Third World countries. The book also presents a detailed case study of the development of gas pricing in Bangladesh, and an analytical framework for the development of a formal gas planning model that could be applied to the cases of actual countries contemplating the development of gas use in the future.


Intramolecular Barbier reaction of 2-(2-iodoethyl)-3-tetrahydropyranyl esters or acyclic 4-iodobutyl ester with t-BuLi or n-BuLi effected cyclization to give six-membered hemiacetals. Based on the present reaction, the synthesis of 2,6-syn-tetrahydropyran and trans-fused polycyclic ethers, and coupling of the AB- and E'FG-rings of gambierol were accomplished.


Osteoporosis is a common disease in miderate to aged communities. It is characterized by low bone mass and microarchitectural deterioration of bone tissues and that can lead to enhanced bone fragility and a consequent increase in fracture risk. It is recently shown that the statins, such as lovastatin are applied to widely treat hyperlipidemia, enhance new bone formation, increase bone mass density and reduce the risk of osteoporotic fractures. It may induce an increased expression of the bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP 2) gene in bone cells. This action of statins may have therapeutic potentials for the treatment of osteoporosis and should be confirmed further by randomized controlled trials.


The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) is investigating the feasibility of using the Global Positioning System (GPS), together with local augmentation as the primary navigation system for the Category II and III precision approach of aircraft. This augmented system would be known as a local area augmentation system (LAAS) because it would place subsystems on the ground at or near an airport to greatly enhance the performance of airborne GPS receivers approaching that airport. The LAAS would complement space-based augmentations of GPS, such as the wide area augmentation system. When complete, the integrated system will meet stringent requirements on accuracy, integrity, continuity, and availability. Indeed, the LAAS will improve the airborne accuracy from approximately 100 m for stand-alone GPS to better than 1 m. This high accuracy is required so that LAAS can guarantee the integrity and continuity of the aircraft guidance during the approach phase of flight. Integrity requires the LAAS to detect any situations which threaten the safety of the landing, and notify the aircraft within 2 s of such a threat. Continuity is a competing consideration-it requires that the total number of alarms, true plus false, sent to the aircraft is very small. High continuity guarantees that the total number of aborted approaches is manageably small. Finally, availability is the fraction of the time during which LAAS is operational-providing position fixes with the specified accuracy, integrity and continuity. This paper describes the LAAS which has been proposed by the FAA. It discusses the fundamental operation of the LAAS.


The case of a (69,XXX) triploid infant who survived 160 days is reported. Previously, the longest survival of a non-mosaic triploid had been 9 days. Possible reasons for this extensive survival are discussed.


Optimization of machining process parameters to achieve a set of quality attributes is important in bridging up the quality and productivity requirements especially in a turning operation. The quality attributes considered are surface finish, material removal rate and tool flank wear. The Present work applies to optimize the process parameter for turning medium carbon steel bar using HSS tool bit via conventional machining. Optimizing one quality attribute may lead to loss of other quality attribute. Hence in order to simultaneously satisfy all the three quality requirements a multi objective optimization is required. To achieve this exploration of grey relational theory, utility concepts are attempted. To meet the basic assumption of taguchi method that quality attributes should be uncorrelated the study applies PCA based multivariate statistical method and eliminates correlation that exists in between the responses. Experiments have been conducted based on taguchi's L9 Orthogonal array design with different combinations of process control parameters: (Cutting speed, Feed, Depth of cut). Surface roughness, Material removal rate, Tool Flank wear are the response parameters that will be optimized. The obtained result will be verified through confirmatory test. This work highlights the effectiveness of proposed method for solving multi objective optimization of turning process. The above said methodology has been found fruitful in the cases where simultaneous optimization of huge responses is required.


Summary: This article analyzes Stanley Kubrick's Full Metal Jacket (1987) in the light of Lacan's concepts of the (fundamental) fantasy, jouissance and the gaze. We criticize McGowan's (2007) thesis that Kubrick's staging of t he gaze and fantasy confronts spectators with a blind spot for the obscene unders ide of authority. Firstly, we refer to McGowan's statement that Kubrick's cinema reflects fantasy's quality of structure. Where McGowan does not indicate what kind of fantasy structure these films stage, we argue that Full Metal Jacket is underpinned by the concrete scenario of the fun damental fantasy: "C observes: A overpowers B". Secondly, we criticize McGowan's tendency to univocally link Kubrick's depiction of derailed father figures with the real-life functioning of authority. By referring to Freud's early theory on the etiology of hysteria and Lacan's interpretation of Freud's (1919 e) article "A Child is Being Beaten", we argue that the film's staging of its main authority figure ‐ the d rill instructor ‐ also illustrates how the fantasy of the abusive father can function as a med iator for the fantasizing subject's own jouissance . Finally, we question McGowan's remark that, despi te Kubrick's staging of the gaze, the director's cinema ultimately leaves spect ators "unscathed". Building upon other academic analyses and press reviews of the film, we argue that Full Metal Jacket does not leave spectators unharmed . On the contrary, we hypothesize that the gaze appe ars when the viewer loses his distance from the film's depic tions of violence, by momentarily coinciding with a vanishing point of jouissance himself.


The present paper formalizes the idea that improved monitoring helps coordination in long term relationships. Specifically, the pure-strategy sequential equilibrium payoff set is shown to expand (in the sense of set inclusion) in repeated games with inperfect monitoring, when the quality of the signal improves in Blackwell's sense. Furthermore, the directions of the expansion are identified.


Proper positioning of entry guides before finishing stands in a hot rolling mill are very important to improve product quality. Measuring the entry guide gap and controlling the gap as per the width of the strip at finishing stands, are very important to improve the performance of a hot strip mill. A sensor system has been designed, developed and implemented for crop shear and finishing stands using Incremental encoder and processing the signal by programmable controller. The components in the control system have been designed in a way to improve reliability of the overall system. Suitable interface has been developed to feed the coil width manually or through network. The scheme has been implemented in hot strip mill of Rourkela Steel Plant, India. Implementation of this scheme has resulted in reduction in cobble due to malfunctioning of entry guide system by 72%, and reduction in mill delay by 70%.


Communication is the main goal people learn languages and for this reason many researchers and scholars have conducted research on teaching and learning second/foreign languages. Research has shown that the learning route is the same but it depends on the difficulty of the language and the type of learner as well as learners' abilities for languages. The opportunities people have to visit different places came up the need of having a standard of knowledge toward specific language, in our case English language. Between years 1993-1996, the European Council came up with the idea of CEFR to make it easier and more useful way of utilizing the languages across Europe. The CEFR stands for Common European Framework Reference, which is a framework that is being used recently, around the world in order to have specific evidence of learners' proficiency of a language. It precisely shows to what level of language learners belong. It is basically divided into six levels of foreign language proficiency; A1, A2, B1, B2, C1 and C2. Each level has its own references of language abilities.  The way of making CEFR successful is by being aware of its usefulness, not only by teachers but by students too. Students and teachers should know their goal, and to achieve that they have to know their language level. Therefore, we want to focus on students' information about CEFR in Britannica LC around Kosovo. The study is conducted in a private school of languages "Britannica LC" in Gjilan. They were 12 groups of students, including different ages and background. The study covered two groups for each level of languages set by CEFR; 2-A1, 2-A2, 2-B1, 2-B2, 2-C1, 2-C2. The research results showed that students were informed about levels of English depending of the book they were using and on their age. We could also figure it out that teachers were familiar with CEFR.


Taking the total GDP,GDP growth rate and changes in industrial structure as the main factors,the authors analyze the economic development level along the Great Canal in the North Jiangsu Province,and point out the necessities and feasibilities to form an economic belt along the Great Canal in the North Jiangsu Province,arguing that it is of significance to narrow the regional differences and achieve the common development by accelerating the development of areas along the Great Canal in the north of Jiangsu.The authors,first,hold that it is urgent in the north of Jiangsu to construct this economic belt,enhancing the development of economy and society,and bring about the idea of forming the economic belt.The belt is then expatiated from three aspects:development model,important industries and spatial structure.The authors think that some important towns along the Great Canal can be taken as the node,and the major traffic corridors,such as the Great Canal in the north of Jiangsu,the Beijing-Shanghai Highway,the Xu-Su-Huai Highway,could be regarded as the development axis,to create the economic belt along the Great Canal in North Jiangsu.And some industries should be considered as the major industries,such as eco-agriculture,forestry,animal husbandry and fishery,food,beverage and tobacco manufacturing,wood processing industry,machinery manufacturing,cables and electrical equipment manufacturing,power generation industry,tourism,etc.Meanwhile,three horizontal development axes can be nurtured through strengthening the linkages with other regions and cities,including Xuzhou-Lianyungang sub-development axis,Huai'an-Yancheng sub-development axis and Yangzhou-Taizhou-Tongzhou sub-development axis.


Purpose:To evaluate the role of free/total PSA ratio in the screening of prostatic carcinoma.Methods:Rectal examination, B ultrasound, PSA, PSAD and free/total PSA ratio were used to screen prostatic carcinoma in 389 cases.Results:Among them, 15 cases of prostatic carcinoma was founded, and the sensitivity for cancer detection of free/total PSAratio was the same as PSA and PSAD, but it's specificity was statistically higher than that of PSA and PSAD, especially in the diagnostic gray zone of total PSA, free/total PSA ratio can differentiate prostatic carcinoma from benign patients readily.Conclusions:Free/total PSA ratio was a good parameter to screen prostatic carcinoma .


We investigate which amalgamated products of continuous C � -bundles are continuous C � -bundles and we analyse the involved extension problems for con- tinuous C � -bundles.


The regional literature school,"May 4th",occurred in the 1920s,was the first standard realism school of the new-vernacular literature.The school not only manifested the new cultural initiation spirit of"May 4th"and brimmed with the modern light of the human nature but also formed a solid style and the characteristic of the region character and style by basing on the real life soil.The woks contained tragedy consciousness and confession consciousness and had constructed the unique nationality spirit.


We assessed the effects of Ramadan fasting on metabolic control, particularly change of HDL-cholesterol in 25 type 2 diabetic patients treated with diet or oral agents, with good metabolic control. Clinical and biochemical parameters and food intake were evaluated 3 weeks before Ramadan, in the fourth week of Ramadan and 3 weeks after Ramadan.There were no changes in body weight and blood pressure nor any metabolic complications. The mean plasma fasting glucose, serum fructosamin and haemoglobin A1c did not change. We found a negative relation between cholesterol intake during Ramadan and the change of HDL-cholesterol. When cholesterol intake was lower than 400 mg/day, plasma HDL-cholesterol increased by 13% at the end of Ramadan and by 23% 3 weeks after Ramadan.


Objective: To evaluate the immediate and long term effectiveness of a desensitizing paste containing 8% arginine and calcium carbonate, Er:YAG laser, their combination and placebo in the management of dentine hypersensitivity. Methods: Sixty systemically healthy subjects with gingival recessions and dentin hypersensitivity were randomly allocated into 4 groups after initial periodontal therapy: (1) desensitizing paste containing 8% arginine and calcium carbonate (Pro-reliefTM), (2) Er:YAG laser (80mJ, 3Hz, non-contact mode), (3) application of Er:YAG laser after desensitizing paste, and (4) non activated Er:YAG laser following the application of a prophylaxis paste without desensitizing effect as placebo. Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) was used before (day 0) and immediately after desensitizing treatment and at days 7, 30, 90 and 180. Results: Immediate effect was found statistically significant in all groups (p≤0.05). The highest immediate effect was obtained with the application of desensitizing paste alone and its combination with laser. On days 7 and 30, the VAS scores increased in all groups without any inter-group significance. The laser and combination groups maintained their VAS scores close to their respective immediate levels. At day 90, the difference of VAS scores between the desensitizing paste and placebo groups was found insignificant (p>0.05) whereas laser and combination groups kept their efficacy in comparison to the placebo group (p≤0.05). Conclusion: At day 180, the placebo group bounced back to VAS scores at day 0. The lowest VAS scores were found in the laser and combination groups revealing the role of laser application for the maintenance of hypersensitivity treatment


Objective To reinforce the training of medical foreign students' clinical thinking ability in the stage of pediatric clinical practice.Methods Case method was introduced into pediatric clinical learning and questionnaires was made accordingly.Results Answers to questionnaires revealed that it had remarkable effects on improving student' ability of self-learning,clinical logical thinking,combining theoretical knowledge with clinical practice,etc.Conclusions Case method is conducive to foreign students' understanding and absorption of knowledge and could stimulate foreign students' enthusiasm and initiative in learning.It is also effective in realizing each other infiltration of medical theories and clinical knowledge,strengthen the cultivation of foreign students' clinical thinking ability.


The theory of speech act in pragmatics occurs in a communication between speakers and addressees and this is inseparable from the speaking situation during the conversation. Communication at present is not only limited to direct communication between speakers and addressees but also happens globally such as on social media via Youtube, WhatsApp, Twitter, Instagram and Facebook. Social media has a huge influence in people's lives, especially teenagers. Departing from the above problems, the FBK Community Service team provides training and understanding of hate speech to students of class XI at SMA Nurul Hasanah Medan, located on Jalan Jamin Ginting Medan with the aim that they can understand hate speech both from linguistic perspectives and laws on social media. The findings show that students of class XI SMA Nurul Hasanah Medan understand hate speech, especially on social media and also understand the consequences of hate speech on social media and from this understanding it is hoped that social media users can behave and act in accordance with norms and values of communication ethics.


The purpose of this study was to examine the overall kinetics and the kinetics at the joints of the lower limb while sprinting at maximum speed, and to compare the data of a double transtibial amputee (OP) and able-bodied controls running at the same level of performance. One double transtibial amputee, and five able-bodied sprinters participated in the study. The athletes performed submaximal and maximal sprints on an indoor track embedded with 4 Kistler force plates while recorded with a 12 camera Vicon 624 system. OP displayed lower mechanical work (stance phase), external joint moments and joint power at the hip and the knee joints while displaying higher values of joint power at the (prosthetic) ankle joint compared to able-bodied athletes. The mechanical work at the knee joints was 11 times higher in the negative phase and 8.1 times higher in the positive phase during stance in the able-bodied athletes compared to OP.


History is not only a valuable part of knowledge, but opens the door to many other parts, and affords materials to most of the sciences ... A man acquainted with history may, in some respect, be said to have lived from the beginning of the world, and to have been making continual additions to his stock of knowledge ... the


In this paper, we propose and present an algorithm for medical image segmentation (MIS). By analyzing the current state-of-the-art related algorithms, we introduce the multi-band active contour model based limit function to make the multilayer segmentation available. With the development of image segmentation technology, the development of medical image segmentation technology also got very big, because there is no find common, accepted effect ideal is suitable for medical image segmentation method, almost existing each kind of segmentation method has application in the field of medical image segmentation. Further, with the optimized aims of being robust to the noise and avoiding the bad effluence on the result, we adopt the kernel method and new initialization curve. This model suffers from low noise robustness, and model algorithm is difficult to achieve. Integrated segmentation technology refers to two or more technology is used, combined with their own advantages, so they can on the accuracy or efficiency to as the robustness and effectiveness a concerned, our method is better than the existing medical image segmentation algorithms. Experiment analysis verifies the success of our method. Keywords— Medical Image Segmentation (MIS), Kernel Function, Modified Fuzzy Clustering, Multi-band Active Contour Model, Optimization Model.


Vast information regarding muscle activity for clinical and engineering applications can be obtained via the EMG (Electromyogram). EMG signal are acquired through surface electrodes which are placed on target muscle set of healthy subjects aged between 23 to 30 years. In this work, six forearm movements have been chosen for classification purpose for both left and right hand. With Hilbert Huang Transform method a total of 21 features of time-frequency domain are extracted for 10 healthy subjects and classified using conjugate gradient method of supervised learning technique using artificial neural networks (ANN). The average accuracy at IMF-1 level obtained is 85.8% for left hand movements, and 86.2% for right hand movement classification. The results of using the Hilbert Huang Transform based ANN classification are quite promising when compared to another classification techniques as K-NN, QDA, LDA [21] and Mahdi Khezri et al. different signal acquisition and classification techniques[26]. The technique can be used for practical implementation of prosthesis for movement classification.


The author of this article made a critical analysis of the issues of agriculture and land tenure in Georgia. Main problems that exist in Georgia today are put forward for consideration on the basis of the statistics data. The article sharply criticized the power structure's activity for the management of agriculture and land tenure. The author considers that the elimination of all governmental managerial bodies which existed before 2004 was the fundamental mistake. Instead of reforming the governance structure of agriculture and land tenure, the government of those days liquidated the Department of Land Management. Also, there were eliminated the local land management bodies. All this has led to absolute anarchy in the management and settlement of land issues. To this day, there is no official data on the number and types of land in the country. There is no accurate data on the belonging of land to a particular owner. The President and the Prime Minister are given clear recommendations of state legal regulation of these issues. The author analyzes the issue of land ownership in the article. Based on the data of most European countries, the author formulates recommendations for the regulation of the issue of land ownership.


Thrombopoietin may activate platelets in vitro in a concentration-dependent manner. We correlated plasma thrombopoietin with symptoms of thrombosis in patients with essential thrombocythemia and found it elevated in 5 symptomatic cases and normal in 7 asymptomatic ones (mean values, respectively: 215.5±49.0 versus 114.4±21.1 pg/mL). Raised thrombopoietin levels might be involved in essential thrombocythemia-associated thrombosis.


The aim of this research was to produce module PIL (Physics, I'm in Love) based on simple experiment on material of light and optical was valid and suitable for use as a supplement Physics learning media for students. This research type using Research and Development (R&D) method with a model of the development was Four-D Model. The module was developed through four phases according to the development model being used such as Define, Design, Develop and Dessiminates phase. The research data was obtained from the results of validation by three experts as validators. Instrument validation using content validity to assessment module by Badan Standar Nasional Pendidikan (BSNP) which consists of four feasibility aspects's modules with 56 indicators assessment module and questionnaires adaptation about three strategies PIL. Validation was done through two phases which is validation in first phase and validation in second phase. The results of the validation first phase got an average value of 3.88 and the validation second phase got an average value 4.04. Both of the phase produce quality module to the category of "Good". The results of the validation using three strategies PIL got the average value of 4.06 to the quality of the "Good". In general, the module has fulfilled the criteria of Self Instructional, Self Contained, Stand Alone, Adaptive and User Friendly. Based on the results of the validation, it can be concluded that module PIL which based simple experiment is valid and properly use as supplement materials for students.


Being urban grassland system,it is being paid attention to by more and more people because of its special function.This composition discussed the important component parts of the urban environment-the grassland,and it concerned the ecological functions,goal and problems,the ecological value and social value,the main contents of planning in the grassland plan.The corresponding measures of the grassland plan was investigated.


This study explores the motives that influence people to serve as backers for campaign projects, particularly product-related projects. This study endeavored to further understand backers' perceptions and ratings of information on crowdfunding platforms. An online questionnaire survey was used to collect data. A total of 151 participants who had backed one or more product-based crowdfunding campaigns were recruited. Findings of this study reveal that five relevant funding motivations-involvement, interest, playfulness, philanthropy, and reward-and identified three types of crowdfunding sponsors: high-involvement backer, angelic backer, and pragmatic backer. Based on the results of this study, information provided by crowdfunding platforms can be classified into five categories: introduction, endorsement, reward, communication, and execution. The three types of backers all considered product introduction crucial in influencing their intention to back a project. The implications and suggestions for launching a crowdfunding project are discussed at the end of the paper.


Government, through the Head of the Communication Bureau, Public Information Services and Cooperation, Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources, conveyed a plan to build household gas networks in more than 50 districts and cities that aim to balance the mix of fossil energy use in society. The prepaid system is a payment system that allows users to enjoy services after making a payment. It aims to limit the service as needed, while the postpaid system allows its users to use the service indefinitely during the time span given by the service provider. Currently, the household gas network is equipped with postpaid meters, but it does not rule out the possibility of a prepaid system being applied if it is able to provide better convenience and comfort. Based on the research we conducted to determine public response of Cikarang society against the payment system, as much as 55% of the total sample studied preferred to use the postpaid system rather than the prepaid system on the household gas network. However, it is possible to use prepaid payment system for household gas networks (respondent's result is 35%) if the supporting facilities are continuously improved and developed for better service in the future.


This paper mainly deals with attribute reductions of inconsistent decision information system. In inconsistent decision system, improper selection of rules may lead to lose useful information. A new attribute reduction algorithm is proposed in this paper. By using this method, inconsistent rules are eliminated without affecting the useful information. It is a useful method to deal with small sample problem. The performance of the proposed method is compared with the conventional methods. The results indicate our method can include the result of the conventional methods. And the experiment results show the validity of the method.


This report presents work performed to further the understanding of Solvent Refined Coal Process chemistry and to further process improvements. Several differences in the liquefaction behavior of Kentucky and Wyodak coals have been noted. Coal conversion and hydrodesulfurization kinetics data have been obtained and models constructed. A theoretical model for the continuous SRC process reactor has been initiated. Liquid and gas chromatography procedures have been further refined and utilized to examine steady state SRC recycle solvents.


X Approved for public release; distribution unlimited The views, opinions and/or findings contained in this report are those of the author(s) and should not be construed as an official Department of the Army position, policy or decision unless so designated by other documentation. Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing this collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing Respondents should be aware that notwithstanding any other provision of law, no person shall be subject to any penalty for failing to comply with a collection of information if it does not display a currently valid OMB control number. 14. ABSTRACT: The objective of this research is to design and develop a nanocarrier that is able to evade the immune system, circulate in the blood stream, find its target prostate cancer cells, and transfer therapeutic genes into prostate cancer cells efficiently. The gene carrier is composed of: a) histone H2A peptide (H2A) to condense pDNA into nano-size particles (nanocarriers), b) a PC-3 specific targeting motif (TM) to target prostate cancer cells, c) an endosome disrupting motif (EDM) to disrupt endosome membrane and facilitate escape of the cargo into the cytosol, and d) a nuclear localization signal (NLS) to actively translocate pDNA towards the nucleus of cancer cells. The gene encoding the gene delivery system was synthesized and cloned into a pET21b vector. The vector was transformed into E.coli, expressed and purified. The purity (>96%) and expression of the gene delivery system was confirmed by SDS-PAGE and westernblot analysis. The gene carrier was complexed with plasmid DNA (pDNA) to form stable nanoparticles with sizes below 100nm. The nanoparticles were used to deliver reporter genes (pEGFP) to target PC-3 prostate cancer cells. The results demonstrated that the gene delivery system is able to target and efficiently transfect PC-3 cancer cells with minimum cross-reactivity with normal epithelial prostate cells. Furthermore, the gene delivery system by itself did not show any detectable toxicity in the range tested (110ug/ml).


A hologram recording method in a hologram device for recording a data page including a marker and a data area displayed on a spatial light modulator on a recording medium, obtaining a reproduced image of the data page by focusing light reproduced from the recording medium onto an image sensor, and reproducing the data page, comprises the step of detecting the presence or absence or the level of a defect in the recording medium, and the step of recording a normal marker as the marker when there is no defect or the level is low and recording a defect-resistant marker as the marker when there is a defect or the level is high.


This study examines the success of COVID-19 vaccines in four European countries and Israel for the α variant. These countries respond to the vaccines with varying degrees of success. Countries with successful vaccination programs take about 160 days to get to the minimum number of new cases. Only Italy and Israel came close to eradicating the virus. Vaccines and previous infections have a similar prophylactic effect on new infections. Second doses for the most part add little protection to those who have only one dose. Vaccines become very effective after seven days although there are some added benefits that accrue to individuals in the second week after vaccination. The effect of vaccines on new cases is non-linear and exhibits a decreasing marginal effect. COVID-19 is spread by asymptomatic carriers, a feature of the disease which was discernable at the same time that public health agencies were discouraging the use of masks by the general public and downplaying the importance of social distancing. These were major policy errors and led to many unnecessary deaths.


The increasingly frequent application of carbapenemases induces a selective pressure on bacteria to acquire resistance against carbapenems. A large variety of carbapenemases have been identified in Enterobacteriaceae. The emergence of carbapenemases in E. coli and Klebsiella species possess a serious therapeutic problem in hospitals because carbapenems are often antibiotics of last resort for the treatment of serious infections caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria. The main aim of this study to determine the carbapenem-resistant strains of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella species. Detection of carbapenemase enzyme in the carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli and Klebsiella species. This is a cross-sectional study, performed in the bacteriological laboratory. A total of 204 strains of Escherichia coli and 122 strains of Klebsiella species were isolated from patients admitted & attending the OPD at Sharda Hospital during the study period. The identification of the clinical isolates was based on morphological and biochemicals characterization. Result: Among the total number of bacterial growth received during the study period, the E. coli (204) was more in number as compared to other bacterial strains followed by Klebsiella species (122), Pseudomonas species (117), Staphylococcus aureus (100) and Enterococcus species (80). Among the following specimen i.e, urine (58.8%), was highly received during the study period followed by pus (15.3%) and sputum (7.5%). Colistin (100%) and Polymyxin B (100%) is found to be the most sensitive drug. Gentamicin (19.6%) and Cefuroxime (12.2%) are the least sensitive drugs. In the present study, we found that the Klebsiella species (75%) and Escherichia coli (64%) was the major reason of carbapenemase production but the organisms incidentally were susceptible to colistin and polymyxins (100%) followed by other antibiotics. This is a welcome finding in times of increasing carbapenem resistance & is reason enough to suggest the use of Polymyxins in the health care settings where the carbapenems to be used for the treatment of infections caused by Enterobacteriaceae.


A large part of central Alaska and the whole of northeast Alaska are dominated by intraplate tectonics. In this tectonic regime, earthquakes are primarily restricted to the crust (≈40 km); their magnitudes and density decrease northward. In terms of principal stresses — σ 1 (compressional = P), σ 2 (intermediate = B) and σ 3 (tension = T), where σ 1 > σ 2 > σ 3 , the state of stress in the crust of central and northeast Alaska obtained from focal mechanism solutions (Biswas et al. , 1986a) shows nearly horizontal orientations of P and T and nearly vertical orientations of B.


The complexity of the relationships between Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples and non‐English speaking background (NESB) communities is difficult to capture in cultural awareness programs that are based on binary (Indigenous/non‐Indigenous) models. This is illustrated by an examination of three major elements of cross‐cultural programs, the historical/socio‐political context of Indigenous people's positioning in Australia, cultural differences and racism.


AMsmAcr. In this largely expository note, we reexamine the construction of the homotopical Mayer-Vietoris sequence associated to a homotopy pullback. We show that in this situation, the Mayer-Vietoris sequence may be realized simply as the homotopy sequence of a suitable fibration. The usual approaches to constructing the Mayer-Vietoris sequence involve some auxiliay algebraic result, such as the Barratt-Whitehead lemma; the present approach avoids any such considerations. An additional beneficial feature of our approach is the attention paid to the bottom end of the Mayer-Vietoris sequence. Thus we are led to a cleaner proof of Proposition II.7.11 of [HMRJ; moreover, we show that the converse of this latter result is also true. The homological Mayer-Vietoris sequence associated to a homotopy pushout may be established in a very similar manner, as we point out at the end of the paper.


This paper deals with the expansion of binary fields through the operation of the symmetric quadratic extension which is closely related to ITs and microprocessor technology. Polynomials of quadratic extensions have been computed and some examples are discussed.


@benedictevans while dominating the consumer market? For norms Galaxy=Android, then you have IOT fridges, washers, etc. Samsung is a gigantic tech conglomerate. $225 billion in


The gene capicua is required for the establishment of dorsal-ventral polarity in the Drosophila melanogaster ovary. Loss of capicua function in the follicle cells results in dorsalization of both the embryo and eggshell. The most prominent dorsal features of the Drosophila eggshell are the dorsal appendages. We show that loss of capicua function results in the ventral ectopic specification of dorsal appendage-producing follicle cell fate. This cell fate change is due in part to the ectopic expression of genes such as mirror and Broad-Complex in capicua mutant ovaries. When either mirror or Broad-Complex are ectopically expressed independently of loss of capicua function, they generate a phenotype similar to the capicua mutant phenotype. We propose that Capicua normally acts in the ventral follicle cells to repress the expression of genes that pattern the dorsal follicle cells. EGF receptor signaling may normally inactivate Capicua repression in the dorsal follicle cells.


The implementation of any realistic programme of strategic change will require a co-operative effort by a range of functional specialists. The paper discusses the general issues involved and presents a case study where the dramatic success of one functional group led to the demotivation and withdrawal of other functional stakeholders in the strategic change process.


First , w e ne e d to bu i ld a consensus wi th in S I G C H I on the issues w h i c h are m o s t c ruc ia l fo r us to address . W e c a n ' t t ack le e v e r y issue w e h a v e nei the r the r e sou rces n o r the abi l i ty to d r ive that m a n y issues s imul taneous ly . We wi l l n e e d to f ocus o u r ef for ts on a smal l n u m b e r o f k e y issues. T h a t list o f k e y issues wi l l c h a n g e o v e r t ime, o f course , bu t it wi l l he lp us to be e f fec t ive . I h a v e c r ea t ed a n e w emai l d i s t r ibu t ion list, c h i a d v o c a c y @ a c m . o r g , fo r a d i scuss ion o f ou r pub l i c messages , and I e n c o u r a g e a n y o n e wi th an in teres t to j o i n and part ie ipate . Second , w e n e e d a n u m b e r o f add i t iona l spokes peop le , w h o can r e p r e s e n t b o t h the b r e a d t h and dep th o f S I G C H I . W e n e e d p e o p l e w h o are exper t s in spec i f i c d o m a i n areas, as we l l as p e o p l e w h o can b e r eg iona l represen ta t ives . T o g e t h e r w e can m o r e e f f e c t i v e l y coo rd ina t e and c o m m u n i c a t e ou r mes sages and suppor t e ach o the r s ' efforts . I f y o u are in te res ted in be ing a s p o k e s p e r s o n on H C I issues in y o u r d o m a i n or r eg ion , p l ease co n t ac t m e at chic h a i r @ a c m . o r g . I wi l l b e w o r k i n g w i th this g roup o f p e o p l e to o rgan ize and co o rd in a t e oppor tun i t i e s to ge t o u r m e s s a g e out , and to m a k e sure w e all h a v e the suppor t w e n e e d to do so e f fec t ive ly .


In the context of mass traffic, firewall system cannot record normal log files against DDoS attack. The loss of log record causes that a firewall system does not know whether a packet is normally filtered or not, and firewall log, which is an essential data for the counter measure of violation accident, cannot be verified as trusted. As a network speed increases, these problems happen more frequently and largely. Accordingly, the method to use simply additional hardware devices is not recommended for the popularization of firewall. This paper is devoted to verify the loss of iptable log that is the mother's womb of most domestic firewall systems and show that the log handling methods for conventional firewall systems are needed to improve.


This paper focuses on pairwise interaction-based protocols, and proposes an universal mechanism that allows each agent to locally detect that the system has converged to the sought configuration with high probability. To illustrate our mechanism, we use it to detect the instant at which the proportion problem is solved. Specifically, let n<inf>A</inf> (resp. n<inf>B</inf>) be the number of agents that initially started in state $A$ (resp. B) and γ<inf>A</inf>= n<inf>A</inf>/n, where $n$ is the total number of agents. Our protocol guarantees, with a given precision ε > 0 and any high probability 1 - 6, that after O ($n$ ln($n$ /δ)) interactions, any queried agent that has set the detection flag will output the correct value of the proportion γ<inf>A</inf> of agents which started in state A, by maintaining no more than O (ln(n) / ε) integers. We are not aware of any such results. Simulation results illustrate our theoretical analysis.


Based on the introduction, analysis and comparison of the rotary cylinder thickening filterbelt press as sludge dewatering equipment, it is described that cylinder thickening filterbelt press has advanced technical index. That is suitable for treating activated sludge formed in biological reaction. Therefore,it is the first choice as the new sludge dewatering equipment for urban sewage treatment plants with a wide application prospect.


Contents: Teruhiro Ishiguro/Kang-Kwong Luke: Preface - Yoichiro Hasebe: A Cognitive Approach to Compound Kango VNPs in Japanese - Gao Hua: Tag-Questions in Mandarin Chinese - Norifumi Ito: Information in Discourse and Language as Vehicle of Thought - Hidematsu Miura: Focus-driven Semantic Reflexivity in Japanese - Winnie Chor: From Nonsubjective to Subjective to Intersubjective - a Pathway of Semantic Change in Grammaticalization: the Case of faan in Cantonese - Yutaka Shinoda: Japanese Particle Na as a Marker of the Speaker's Subjective Judgment 'Here and Now' - Leung Wai-Mun: Evidential Particles in Cantonese: the Case of wo3 and wo5 - Han Yang: Tense, Aspect and Verbal Morphemes in Chinese, Japanese and English - Masanobu Horiguchi: Japanglish in Katakana and a Comparison with Loanwords in Cantonese - Wong Ping Wai: Semantic Annotation of Chinese Texts with Message Structures Based on HowNet.


This article deals with the analysis and assessment of the environmental situation in the regions of Kazakhstan, as well as issues of developing an economic mechanism for ensuring environmental safety in the country. The problem of ensuring environmental safety has acquired the status of one of the most priority and acute problems facing humanity. It is very difficult to simultaneously maintain the pace of economic growth and minimize the negative consequences of human impact on nature. Creating a reliable and effective mechanism is the main task of ensuring environmental safety in all states. It can provide a balanced solution to economic problems and problems of preserving the natural environment to meet the vital needs of the population. Based on the analysis of conceptual approaches to the formation of the economic mechanism for ensuring environmental safety, the fundamental principles of the formation of this mechanism in Kazakhstan have been determined.


WSQ: Women's Studies Quarterly 40: 3 & 4 (Fall/Winter 2012) © 2012 by Craig Willse. All rights reserved. Each of these three books wrestles with how to produce political vision in a historical moment that has o!en felt heavy with defeat. Wri"en in the a!ermath of the antiglobalization actions of the 1990s and early 2000s, but before the transnational emergence of uprisings at the close of 2010, each text o#ers ways to re$ect critically, and with hope, on the current sociopolitical moment and its immediate histories. Working through some of the limits of the texts, especially in terms of missed opportunities to theorize the racial projects of capitalism, may also point to limits in our writing, thinking, and organizing with which we can and must grapple. In Capitalist Sorcery, Pignarre and Stengers draw inspiration for thinking about politics through magic from the work of pagan activist and writer Starhawk, which they address toward the close of their book. While Pignarre and Stengers's engagement with magic hovers at the level of analogy, the metaphor nonetheless helpfully reorients the question of what Marxist analysis might o#er. For Pignarre and Stengers, to address capitalism as spellbinding provides an alternative to ideology critique. %ey do not claim that capitalism has no ideology; far from it, Pignarre and Stengers argue that neoliberal capital derives great force from a mythmaking insistence on its own inevitability and unstoppability. In the wake of Reagan's and %atcher's post–social interventions, to suggest that neoliberalism could be undone, or even simply pushed back, has been to open yourself to critiques of foolish, childish romanticism. "Get with the program" has been the response of ideologues (whom Pignarre and Stengers term "minMagic Versus Neoliberalism: Riots Against Everywhere


Background: Extragonadal germ cell tumors (GCTs) are relatively uncommon neoplasms, affecting primarily men during the third and fourth decades of life. Case Report: We describe an unusual case of mediastinal seminoma in a 21-year-old male on chronic peritoneal dialysis for renal failure of uncertain etiology. The patient was treated with chemotherapy consisting of etoposide and cisplatin (EP) combined with hemodialysis. Cisplatin (20 mg/m2), and etoposide (50 mg/m2) were given on days 1, 3, and 5 for induction. Hemodialysis was started 1 h after completion of etoposide infusion. Following this course of treatment, another 4 cycles of cisplatin (20 mg/m2), and etoposide (50 mg/m2) were given on successive days from day 1 to 5. Hemodialysis was carried out daily, prior to the start of chemotherapy. Subcutaneous PEG-filgrastim was given on day 6 in all cycles. The patient's status after the first post-induction treatment was complicated by a pseudomonas infection. Tumor response to chemotherapy was prompt with remission lasting to date, 17 months after diagnosis. Conclusion: This case report is the second description of chemotherapy given to a hemodialysis patient with extragonadal GCT. We suggest that treatment with EP combined with hemodialysis according to the presented protocol is feasible, and may result in a favorable outcome.


Pavisa SA of Naucalpan in the state of Mexico is a speciality glass producer manufacturing a wide range of high quality container glassware and art glass in flint and many different colours. It recently decided to renew and replace its existing batch plant. Dirk Poertner reports.


Regression analysis circa 1970 consisted of crude (by today's standards) computer computations, primarily hand plotting (if any) of results, and limited study of any alternatives to a single least squares fit to one's data. Enter one misspelled control word or punch one incorrect data value and one's entire box of punched computer cards would have to be resubmitted to the batch-processing window of the central computer lab. After each submission, it took an hour to a day, depending on the priority assigned to the job, to receive fixed-formatted newspaper-sized printed output that would be rubber-banded to the box of cards at the output table. Standard output included only one regression fit with regression coefficient estimates, F or t values for each, standard errors, an analysis of variance table, and possibly residuals. The alternative to this state-of-the-art computing was brutally tedious hand calculations using the few computational shortcuts available at the time-shortcuts that still required laborious calculations. This setting provides a basis for appreciating the monumental contributions of the regression classics selected for inclusion in this special issue of Technometrics. Each has dramatically changed the practice of regression analysis as it is advocated today. These four articles are introduced chronologically. Hoerl and Kennard's (1970a,b) companion articles "Ridge Regression: Biased Estimation for Nonorthogonal Problems" and "Ridge Regression: Applications to Nonorthogonal Problems" are among the most controversial written on the practice of regression analysis. Hoerl (1962) initially sought an alternative to least squares because "least squares estimates often do not make sense when put into the context of the physics, chemistry, and engineering of the process which is generating the data" (Hoerl and Kennard 1970a, p. 55). Thus, ridge regression was not first formulated as an alternative. to least squares that had stated theoretically optimal properties. It was formulated to provide stable estimates when normal equations were ill-conditioned due to collinear predictors (Hoerl 1962). The ridge-regression estimator 13(k) (X'X + kI)-1X'y naturally evolved from the application of the Marquardt-Levenberg solution to ill-conditioned systems of linear equations, as was then being applied to the ridge analysis of response surfaces. Marquardt (1970) nicely drew all these connections together in the broader context of generalized inverse solutions of normal equations. Ridge-regression theory, as espoused in these first articles, is built around existence theorems that prove that properly chosen ridge parameters k guarantee smaller expected squared error than least squares (see also Theobald 1974). The authors also presented likelihood-based and Bayesian justifications for the ridge estimator. Apart from the existence theorems, many simulations were reported in virtually every statistics journal on methods for estimating the ridge pa ameter (e.g., Hoerl, Kennard, and Baldwin 1975; Dempster, Schatzoff, and Wermuth 1977). In these simulations there were always some ridge estimators that performed best or comparable to the best of the estimators investigated. The major criticisms of ridge regression generally focus on two issues. First, the existence theorems used one form of squared error loss function and required nonstochastic ridge parameters. Thus, the existence theorems do not apply to the usual setting where ridge parameters must be estimated from data (e.g., Nelder 1972; Conniffe and Stone 1973). Second, Bayesian or other assumptions needed for the ridge estimator to be optimal in a well-defined theoretical sense are unrealistic in practice, yet simulations often inadvertently impose these very assumptions (e.g., Draper and Van Nostrand 1979). Although ridge regression is widely used in the application of regression methods today, it remains as controversial as when it was first introduced (e.g., Draper and Smith 1998, chap. 17). Mallows's (1973) derivation of theoretical properties of the Cp statistic greatly strengthened the basis for the application of this graphical method for selecting better subsets in regression analyses when there are many possible predictor variables. Discussion of Mallows's Cp was first published by Gorman and Toman (1966), although Mallows had twice earlier discussed it in oral presentations. Gorman and Toman were primarily concerned with reducing the number of regression fits that had to be computed to identify better subsets ("best subset" algorithms were not yet available) because "when k exceeds 7 or 8 the number of computations becomes large even for an electronic computer" (p. 28). They advocated computing fractions of the 2k -1 possible fits based on the magnitudes of t statistics from a fit to the complete set of predictors. This approach was one of several that attempted to identify the better subsets without


Many diseases and congenital defects can be detected already during foetal life due to the widespread use of prenatal ultrasonography and the implementation of routine prenatal diagnostics. An increasing number of abnormalities can be treated in utero, at early stages of pregnancy, long before birth. Since prenatal treatment involves some risk of complications that may even result in the loss of pregnancy, it is recommended only in the most severe pathologies. The therapy allows for a complete recovery (for example in foetal haemolytic disease) or, more frequently, is aimed at prolonging survival of the foetus until birth to enable its further postnatal treatment (e.g. diaphragmatic hernia and obstructive uropathies). Prenatal interventions are also increasingly implemented in defects that do not pose a direct threat to the life of the foetus, such as myelomeningocele and most cases of critical aortic stenosis, in order to minimise the consequences of the disease and improve further development of the child.


The introduction and development of numerical weather prediction (NWP) models over the past 50 years and more has greatly aided the forecaster, allowing predictions of increased accuracy many days ahead (Golding et al., 2004; Met Office, 2010). The careful assessment of model output, combined with remote sensing and observations of greater density and precision, has allowed new ways of understanding the weather to be developed. This paper concentrates on the methods and theories currently used by forecasting teams to produce forecast charts for mean sea-level for the short and medium term; upper-air features are also indicated where they bring significant weather at the surface.


e13646 Background: The ability of novel cancer drugs to extend patients' overall survival (OS) has been key to determining their approval and access conditions. However, in some disease settings, OS can have limitations: delayed access due to the time required to collect mature OS data; confounding from subsequent treatment lines; and poor ability to reflect value beyond survival. Stakeholders such as regulators and physicians increasingly recognise the value of non-OS endpoints as surrogates for OS. In addition, non-OS endpoints and patient reported outcomes (PROs) may have stand-alone value, e.g., in capturing disease burden. However, stakeholders are misaligned on the benefits of non-OS endpoints and PROs due to differences in underlying value drivers. Methods: This study investigates stakeholder perceptions of non-OS endpoints and PROs, based on 76 semi-structured interviews with physicians, patients, patient advocacy groups (PAGs), regulators and health economists in 7 key markets (U.S., Canada, Japan, UK, France, Germany and Italy), 3 roundtable discussions and a literature review. Results: Non-OS endpoints address some concerns with OS as they can be captured earlier in trials and may act as surrogates of OS; show reduced susceptibility to confounding; and better reflect the value to patients beyond survival. However, the value perception of non-OS endpoints and PROs varies across stakeholders: 1) Patients / PAGs value non-OS endpoints as they capture outcomes beyond mortality, e.g., the avoidance of surgery and PROs such as pain. 2) Physicians acknowledge the scientific and clinical trial limitations of relying primarily on OS, but note that OS limitations vary by cancer type / stage. 3) Regulators are accepting of non-OS endpoints, providing accelerated / conditional approvals when they are used as surrogates for OS or when they have standalone value, and increasingly expect PROs in submission dossiers. 4) Payers are uncertain, as without appropriate validation, drugs approved based on non-OS endpoints risk additional treatment burden and cost to healthcare systems without patient benefit. The limited alignment in value perception among stakeholders is further complicated as this may shift during the course of the disease – e.g., patients at early stages may value treatments which prolong survival but may place more emphasis on quality of life and freedom from progression as the disease advances. Conclusions: The value of non-OS endpoints and PROs is increasingly recognised, particularly by physicians and regulators; payers, however, can be less accepting, driven largely by uncertainties around their value, as surrogates or as stand-alone measures of benefit. Stakeholders must align on the value of non-OS endpoints and PROs, ensuring they are fit for purpose for each cancer type / stage, to improve their acceptance and advance patient access to novel therapies.


Abstract The article presents the few surviving documents concerning the incidental music to Polish-Jewish plays performed on the Polish stages in the first decades of the 20th century (until 1939). This kind of theatre was to constitute a space for the dialogue between the Jewish and Polish communities. The idea of its creators was to reject the existing, usually negative, way of presenting Jews in Polish theatre as well as to show authentic Jewish life — customs, rituals, music and dances — on stage. A breakthrough in both of these areas came with the so-called Jewish plays of Gabriela Zapolska — Małka Szwarcenkopf and Jojne Firułkes. The idea of the Polish-Jewish theatre was then developed by Marek Arnsztajn (Andrzej Marek). Referring to the surviving sources (scores as well as press reviews and notes in directors' copies of the scripts), the author analyses music to two performances of Małka Szwarcenkopf, and presents the musical appendix to the Polish version of An-ski's Dybbuk published in 1922. The analysis seeks to capture the composers' specific ideas of Jewish music and to discover the sources of their inspiration. The second objective of the article was to present the cultural background against which the Polish-Jewish theatre evolved.


Objective Long-term denture wearing,oral tissues and dental produce adaptive,rich、keen in nerve endings in the mouth,feel sharp.Denture often due to the new system of oral sensation in patients with strong without being accepted.Denture denture base as the main component of the area,directly affecting the oral comfort.This study was designed to find the method of old denture base re-transfer of the rapid adaptation repaired again.Methods 76 cases of complete denture repaired again were divided into two groups,the observation group was used the original denture base boxing,copy the new permanent base,permanent base on the relationship between the determined jaw,row of teeth.The control group produced in accordance with complete denture treatment.Denture adaptation time,satisfaction,and repairing effect were compared Results The observation group showed adaptation time reduces obviously,satisfaction increases.Conclusion Old denture base transfer may promote adaptability of complete denture repairing again betterly.


Iron, and in particular water soluble iron, is an important trace nutrient in the surface ocean, and therefore an important component in the global carbon cycle. Deposition of Asian aerosol is thought to be a primary source of water soluble iron in the northern Pacific. Analysis of aerosol samples obtained during the Aerosol Characterization Experiment (ACE)–Asia field campaign from Jeju Island, Korea, which intercepts the outflow from the Asian continent, shows that water soluble iron is not dominated by mineral dust sources even during large dust storms. Instead, our analysis indicates that particulate soluble iron and elemental carbon concentrations are correlated. This leads to the conclusion that soluble iron in this region is strongly connected to anthropogenic activity and not connected to mineral dust emissions, especially if the budget averaged over annual time scales is considered.


Some of the most important challenges for engineering schools at the beginning of the 21st century are summarised as well as the role of ERASMUS Thematic Networks (TN) in this scenario. Though focus is mainly given to the European environment, the changes which are interesting Engineering Education appear to involve also the non-European sphere and therefore, this set of papers on the main outcomes of E4 Thematic Network (2000–2004) has been conceived, not only as an useful instrument of dissemination, but also an open window on Europe. In this introductory paper key characteristics of successful TNs are outlined, as resulting from the experience of TN E4, Enhancing Engineering Education in Europe, which has terminated its life end of September 2004. The new TN project, denominated TREE, for Teaching and Research in Engineering in Europe, is briefly presented. On the other hand, in the following 5 sections some of the main activities developed within E4 are presented touching topics related to accreditation, quality assurance, students involvement in Engineering Education, ICT and new learning methods and curriculum development.


The temperature-independent paramagnetism of permanganate is discussed in terms of molecular orbital theory. It is shown that the major contribution to the paramagnetism arises from electrons in metal d orbitals, and that the amount of charge-transfer from the ligands to the metal ion can be estimated. The theory is applicable to any complex in which the metal ion possesses vacant low-lying d orbitals.