This paper embarks on an exciting journey through Indonesia's Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSME) clothing industry, unraveling the intricate tapestry of social capital, financial resources, and entrepreneurial orientation as the catalysts for success. Brace yourself for a captivating exploration of how these factors weave together to elevate the performance of businesses in this dynamic industry. Our research, based on an extensive and vibrant dataset, has yielded results that are nothing short of captivating. With all hypotheses embraced and accepted, our findings spotlight the undeniable synergy between social connections, financial backing, and entrepreneurial spirit in the realm of MSME clothing enterprises in Indonesia. These intertwined elements emerge as the warp and weft of the industry's success story. This research isn't just informative; it's a game-changer. It offers a treasure trove of insights for policymakers, industry enthusiasts, and budding entrepreneurs. It confirms that nurturing relationships, enhancing access to financial resources, and instilling a fearless entrepreneurial mindset are the keys to unlocking the full potential of Indonesia's thriving MSME clothing industry.


Organic molecules have been detected in carbonaceous chondrites. Here we examine the possibility that polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are a precursor to the organic molecules found in meteorites and on asteroids. It is suggested that these PAHs can be altered by aqueous alteration in asteroids. Therefore, we examine the reactivity of fluoranthene (C16H10), a representative of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, in aqueous solutions under asteroidal conditions and its feasibility as a precursor to other organic molecules. Our experiments show that fluoranthene has a very low reactivity, even in the presence of an analogue mineral for meteoritic mineral matrices, olivine.


The present invention relates to (CLLl) specific ligand peptide and an application method C-type lectin-like molecule comprises an amino acid motif LR (S / T), e.g., an imaging detector for diagnosing leukemia and leukemic stem cells (LSCs) present , and targeted therapy for at least in part by expression of LSCs CLL1 mediated leukemia.


Personal mobility and cultural transfer have been at the core of the archaeological research on Migration Period funerary assemblages since the 19th century. in the last few decades, a combination of progress in archaeological dating, renewed theoretical approaches and consistent incorporation of archaeometrical and archaeobiological data has brought forward a much more accurate picture of the channels and players favouring the dissemination of manufactures, technologies and aesthetic tastes. regarding the latter, however, a substantial part of the scholarly contributions has focused its attention on the short-term perspective, thus privileging explanations based on historical events. This paper is an endeavour to explore the dissemination of fashion elements of central and eastern european origin in the late roman West combining a shortand mid-term approach to the cemetery evidence with the examination of spatial and contextual data. The results show that the'eastern fashions' in the West had an autonomous evolution, deriving from the connections between production centres, distribution channels and personal networks as well as from the contacts with late roman aesthetic tastes and values. it is argued that the exposure to a strong 'mainstream' culture is indeed not only a convincing explanation for the quick changes undergone by 'eastern' fashion in terms of production, accumulation and use of several fashion items, but also the main reason of its rather ephemeral character. The interaction between 'roman' and 'eastern' fashions, it seems, developed according to a trickle-down model, which showed the roman values having a noticeably dominant position. The peripheral position of the 'easter' fashions in the 5th century West is better mirrored by its general absence, or short-livedness, in cultural central places.


We present a full range spectral-domain correlation mapping optical coherence tomography (cm-OCT) method to obtain complex conjugate free, full-range correlation mapping angiography. The mirror image elimination is based on linear phase modulation of B-frames by introducing a slight off-set of the probe beam with respect to the lateral scanning fast mirror's pivot axis. An algorithm that exploits Hilbert transform to obtain complex-conjugate free image in conjunction with the cm-OCT algorithm is used to obtain full-range imaging of microcirculation within tissue beds in vivo. The proposed system is based on a high speed spectrometer at 92kHz with a modified scanning protocol to achieve higher acquisition speed to render cmOCT images with high-speed and wide scan range. The estimated sensitivity of the system was around 105dB near the zero-delay line with ~13dB roll-off from 0.5mm to 3mm imaging-depth position. The estimated axial and lateral resolutions are 12 μm and 25 μm, respectively. A direct consequence of this complex conjugate artifact elimination is the enhanced flow imaging sensitivity for deep tissue imaging application by doubling the imaging depth. In turn, this also provides additional flexibility to explore the most sensible measurement range near the zero-delay line.


It has been suggested that there may be some risk from the repeated application of organosilicone consolidants on stone which has been previously treated with these consolidants : gels generated by the polymerization of mixtures containing an organometallic catalyst are unstable and may crack. The present paper assesses the effects of the quantity and type of catalyst on the stability of the resulting silica gel when it comes into contact with selected liquids. The behaviour of gels prepared from commercially available stone consolidants is also studied. According to these experiments it can be concluded that gel stability is related to the amount and type of catalyst. Gels prepared by alkoxysilane polycondensation with acid catalyst are more stable than those prepared by polycondensation with dibutyltindilaurate (DBTDL) as catalyst.


The ion exchange of Na for Cr/K, Cr/Mg and Cr/Ca in Y and X zeolites was studied using breakthrough curves. It was observed that Cr 3+ ions were able to remove some competitive ions that had already been exchanged at the zeolitic sites, producing a sequential ion exchange. Some mass transfer parameters such as length of unused bed, overall mass transfer coefficient, operational ratio and dimensionless variance were studied. Chromium uptake was influenced much more by the competing ion in the NaX zeolite columns. The dimensionless variance indicated that Cr/K solution produced a greater axial dispersion than the Cr/Mg and Cr/Ca systems, probably due to some interaction between Cr


Transmission electron microscopy imaging and spectroscopy techniques provide ever-more powerful probes of the chemical structure of materials, and there is increasing interest in studying their atomiclevel properties including charge transfer. Although incoherent annular dark field (ADF) imaging in scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) is insensitive to the valence charge distribution of the specimen, electron ptychography via convergent-beam electron diffraction maps (so-called 4DSTEM) can be used to retrieve the phase and thus achieve reconstructions of the full electrostatic potential, including any redistribution due to chemical bonds. At the same time, the increasing capabilities of instruments equipped with direct electron cameras [1,2] are making it possible to perform these measurements even in beam-sensitive materials [3] such as transition metal dichalcogenides [4] and hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) [5].


This special issue of Social Psychology commemorates the 50th anniversary of Fritz Heider's 1958 book The Psychology of Interpersonal Relations. The contributions to the special issue address the history and current state of attribution research, or illustrate contemporary research in the field. The historical articles document that Heider's analysis of causal attribution and of common-sense psychology was significantly influenced by his academic teachers Alexius Meinong and Ernst Cassirer. We distinguish between the mainstream reception of Heider's book, which has given rise to an extensive empirical research program, and a minority reception by authors who emphasized aspects of Heider's thinking not well represented in mainstream psychology. Currently, there are indications of a "back to Heider" movement in social psychology. This new phase of attribution research is inspired by a fresh reading of Heider's book, and is marked by an interdisciplinary orientation. The articles illustrating current attribu...


Abstract : SERDP project MR-1443 entitled Man-portable Vector Time Domain EMI Sensor and Discrimination Processing is complete. This report contains the final design, engineering challenges, modeling advancements, and data analysis results from this project. This combination of vector receivers coupled with a laser positioning system resulted in a versatile prototype instrument delivering high quality, diverse data well suited to rigorous models of UXO and soil. New algorithms aimed at utilizing the high quality data from the MPV were developed including the Generalized Standardized Excitations Approach (GSEA) and Normalized Surface Magnetic Source (NSMS). Results from this project suggest a further need for high quality, hand held, production instruments in the time domain suited to UXO remediation efforts. The MPV2 instrument incorporates a redesign of the MPV concept.


Power amplifiers for wireless transmission provide a limited radiated power, and their efficiency depends highly on the operating point. We show that power control and routing strategies in multi-hop wireless networks are strongly affected by these non-ideal amplifier characteristics. For the analysis, we prove that the distances in random networks are governed by a generalized Rayleigh distribution, and we determine the power efficiency of different routing schemes. The main result is that nearest-neighbor routing is highly inefficient if the network has to be connected with high probability.


The possibility of domestic violence is an incredibly important, but often overlooked matter when dealing with divorce, custody, and visitation. Separation is often the most dangerous time for a woman, the very attempt to leave inciting an abusive partner. Abusive husbands can threaten to seek custody as a ploy in post-separation negotiations. Judges must confront the possibility that the very judicial system in which they make family decisions can become weapons of further abuse.This paper looks at the uncomfortable tension inherent in the introduction of domestic violence into discussion of family law, particularly in regard to custody and visitation. This paper also touches on The Deskbook for Judges to show the schizophrenic way in which society approaches the issue of spousal violence.Judges should be instructed to see that many custody and visitation disputes are actually continuations of abuse that occurred during marriage. Spousal violence should not be taken out of the larger context of subordination of women to men.


The objectives of research are : (1) To find out which one is the better, the
mathematicslearning achievement of linear equation system (SPL) subject matter
using the Jigsaw type of cooperative learning model or using direct learning
model, (2) To find out whether or not the mathematicslearning achievement of
students with high learning motivation is better than the ones with low learning
motivation in the subject matter of linear equation system (SPL), and (3) To find
out whether or not there is an interaction between the use of learning model and
the student's learning motivation level on the mathematicslearning achievement
in the subject matter of linear equation system?.
This study was taken place in SMA Negeri in Tulungagung Regency
during August-December 2009 period with the population of tenth gradeof SMA
Negeri in Tulungagung Regency in the school year of 2009-2010 of 2945 students
consisting of 10 SMA Negeri. The sample of research consisted of SMAN 1
Kedungwaru, SMAN 1 Kauman and SMAN 1 Pakel of Regency Tulungagung. Of
each school 2 (two) classes were taken as the sample divided into 1 (one) class as
experiment group and 1 (one) class as the control group. The research sample was
obtained by combining stratified random sampling and the cluster random
sampling.
The data collection was done using questionnaire, test, and documentation
techniques. The questionnaire instrument validation was done using content
validity and internal consistency. The test instrument validation was done using
content validity, while the test reliability was tested using alpha formula and item
analysis (Anava) wit different cells.
The conclusions of research are : (1) The students mathematics learning
achievement using the Jigsaw type of cooperative learning model is better than
that using direct learning model in the subject matter of linear equation system,
that using direct learning model in the subject matter of linear equation system,
(2) The mathematics learning achievement of linear equation system subject
matter of the students with high learning motivation is better than that of the
students with low learning motivation, and (3) There is no interaction between the
use of learning model and the student's learning motivation level on the
mathematicslearning achievement in the subject matter of linear equation system.


This paper examines the effect of foreign acquisition on wages and employment of different skill groups using panel data on Finnish establishments for 1988-2001. Exploiting the availability of a rich set of pre-acquisition controls, we use various regression and propensity score matching methods, including difference-in-differences matching. The results indicate that foreign acquisition has a positive effect on wages. The magnitude of this effect increases with the level of schooling of the workers. The wage increase is not immediate, but happens within 1-3 years from the acquisition. Surprisingly, the matching results indicate that acquired plants reduce, although slightly and slowly, the share of highly educated workers in their employment.


For DEMO 2000 a consortia comprising of SeaBed Geophysical, SINTEF, Statoil, Norsk Hydro and TotalFinaElf submitted a proposal entitled IMPREDO or "improved prediction and delineation of hydrocarbon filled reservoir zones using high-quality four-component seismic data acquired in 3D at the seabed". In July 2002 the consortia had an opportunity to record data on the Volve field during a conventional OBC survey. This was the first opportunity to deploy the node system in a fullscale offshore test and prove the reliability and capability of the system to acquire high quality, high vector-fidelity seismic data. The field chosen for the project, Volve, is located in Block 15/9 west of Haugesund, Norway, and the water depth is between 80 m and 90 m. To cover the area of interest a total of 128 units were deployed in a 400m grid covering an area 6 km by 2.8 km. The shooting grid of the conventional OBC survey required 6 overlapping swaths providing narrow azimuth data whereas the same shots used in this survey provide wider cross-line offsets due to a larger active receiver area. Evaluation and impact of sparse-grid, wide-azimuth 4C-3D node data from the North Sea Andrew Morton, Geir Woje, Anne Rollet, Eivind W. Berg, Claude Vuillermoz 1 SeaBed Geophysical, Transitt gt 14, N-7042 Trondheim, Norway. 2 CGG, 1 rue Leon Migaux, 91341 Massy cedex, France


This paper investigates customer racial discrimination in the market for baseball cards. It extends previous research by measuring customer racial preferences at the beginning and end of players' careers. Our results indicate that customer biases against active Black and Hispanic baseball players may be mitigated by differential expectations of future performance. However, over time we detect statistical differences in rookie card prices by ethnicity, as performance expectations become less important at the end of a player's career.


The thesis writer considers the international situation facing China nowadays is quite grave with the reason that once cultural war breaks out,"Chinese cultural sphere" loses effect when China is on the rise;the whole south-east Asian countries rid themselves of Chinese culture as a serious trend and "Chinese cultural sphere" has been substituted by "American cultural sphere",thus cutting down China's effect on neighboring countries.Consequently,greater emphasis needs to be set on stronger cultural country to uplift Chinese cultural soft power for the reason;first,peaceful upsurge needs stronger cultural soft power;second,"Chinese cultural sphere" needs to be reconstructed;third,contemporary people's happiness index and spiritual composure is to be emphasized;fouth,strategy of stronger cultural country is the hope for China's renaissance;fifth,peaceful upsurge needs focus on "cultural innovation";sixth,southeast Asian cultural war beware and reconstruction of China as a big-power image.


An upsurge in Orthodox anti-ecumenical criticism in 2016 has raised the question of the current state of ecumenism. Examining this topic, the author describes a new form of ecumenical activity associated with the emergence of conservative Christian alliances in defense of traditional values. This "conservative ecumenism," or "Ecumenism 2.0," differs from the "classical ecumenism" that arose in the early twentieth century and that continues to be represented today by the World Council of Churches and other ecumenical institutions. The author considers the phenomenon of "ecumenical consciousness" and demonstrates that it can be found in both types of ecumenism. Some of the Orthodox anti-ecumenists who attack classical ecumenism, however, may eagerly opt for this new, conservative "Ecumenism 2.0." This article discusses the possible competition between the two types of ecumenisms.


Intermarriage between adherents of different religious affiliations is increasing in Australia. However, most intermarriage occurs between the various Christian denominations. Intermarriage between different faiths remains negligible, but is likely to increase over time as successive generations of migrant descent are exposed to the religious diversity and the forces of secularization at play in Australia.


Washington, DC—Registration is a vital link in the refractive surgeon's quest to optimize quality-of-vision outcomes after customized ablation procedures, said Kerry D. Solomon, MD, at World Cornea Congress V.


Structural transition from an unbalanced to a balanced economy in China induced a sudden expansion in the number of TVE workers, which in turn led to a high growth in output in the 1980s. Before 1979 China adopted the Stalinist strategy and transferred a vast amount of farm surplus into state investment. This created a typical dual economy with investments concentrated on heavy industry and a vast surplus labor in agriculture. Around 1980, a reverse flow of farm surplus from the state to peasants brought both capital and investment goods to the surplus labor. It was this reverse flow that launched China's economic transition in the early 1980s. The essence of the reverse flow was a large-scale redistribution of China's investment (about 33% of GDP), although there was no privatization in the 1980s. This shows that China started to give up the Stalinist strategy at an opportune moment when the majority of its population was still rural. Thus, its economic transition could begin with a rapid expansion in rural industrialization, whereas in the Eastern European countries the majority of their population was already urban and industrialized when they abandoned the Stalinist strategy.


Objective To relieve depression emotion,and reduce the incidence of postpartum depression by providing psychological care for primiparas who accepted painless labour.Methods Totally 120 primiparas who accepted painless labour from June 2009 to June 2011 accepted special psychological care and were investigated with Self-Rating Depression Scale(SDS) before delivery,and at 24 hours after delivery,and before discharge from hospital.Results The score of SDS before discharge from hospital was significantly lower than the scores at 24 hours after delivery and before delivery(P0.01).Conclusion Psychological care for primiparas who accepted painless labour can relieve their depressed emotion and reduce the incidence of postpartum depression.


A healthy 13-year-old girl presented for the evaluation of a 3month history of papillomatous, velvet brown lesions with a 'dirty-like appearance' on the lateral and central aspect of the neck and abdomen, respectively (Fig. 1a,b). The lesions gradually increased despite cleaning and rubbing with soap and water. Lesions promptly disappeared after rubbing with 70% isopropyl alcohol (Fig. 1c,d). What is your diagnosis? (Answer on page 90) a) Reticulate papillomatosis b) Acanthosis nigricans c) Dermatosis neglecta d) Terra firma forme dermatosis e) Tinea versicolour f) Dirty neck syndrome of atopic dermatitis


Scalable production of carbon nanostructures to exploit their extraordinary properties and potential technological applications requires an improved understanding of the chemical environment responsible for their synthesis. In this study the spatial distribution of the rotational temperature of hydrogen is investigated via coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering spectroscopy in the plasma of a microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition reactor under parametrically controlled conditions. The reactor pressure is varied from 10 to 30 Torr and the plasma generator power from 300 to 700 W, simulating the conditions required for the synthesis of carbon nanotubes, graphene and graphitic nanopetals. Temperature measurements are conducted within the plasma sheath and up to 6 mm away from the puck surface in order to elucidate the spatial distribution of temperature within and around the plasma region. The results indicate a linear increase in rotational temperature of H2 with respect to the distance normal from the puck surface. Temperatures also increase with pressure. At 10 Torr the temperature range is approximately 850–1150 K while at 30 Torr it is approximately 1200–1650 K for a plasma generator power of 500 W. In addition, the temperature increases with plasma generator power and the introduction of other substances such as CH4 and N2. These findings may aid in understanding the function of the chemical composition and reactions in the plasma environment of these reactors which, to date, remains obscure. The spectroscopic techniques applied in this work may prove to be suitable in-situ monitoring methods for the scalable manufacturing of carbon nanomaterials.Copyright © 2013 by ASME


Because of the lack of certain materials for research, some aspects of the Liao's fine arts has long been a vacancy in the history of fine arts. According to the clue of the Liao's separated Southern and Northern political regimes, and to the records about the artists and their works, the writer is trying to talk over the two systems of the painting organs of the Liao Court, and the problem of the main styles and painting schools relative with the two systems. It is of important theoretical value and practical significance.


This study examines the time causal relationship between the operation profit of the listed fashion companies and the macro variables. Operating profit data of 36 listed fashion companies from 2000 to 2017 has been used. Macro variables include household income, household expenditure, number of Korean overseas travelers, number of foreigner travelers and sentiment index. The study results are as follows. First, the number of outbound travelers from Korea has a negative effect on the operating profit of listed fashion companies; however the number of foreigner visiting Korea has a positive effect at 0 time lag. Second, the consumer sentiment index had a positive effect on the sales and the operating profits of the listed fashion companies with a time difference between the 3rd and the 4th quarter. Third, a disposable income has a positive effect on the operating profit of listed fashion companies. Last, educational expenses have a negative effect on operating profit with a time lag between the first and the second quarter. The findings can be used as useful information to analyze the fashion industry and help fashion companies improve their financial performances.


In this study we investigate the variation of refractive characteristics of optical plastics with temperature in the range of 10 to 50 oC. We have measured the indices of several optical polymers as Optorez 1330, Zeonex E48R, Polymethyl methacrylate, S-low styrene and Bayer by means of the deviation angle method. The obtained refractive index data is presented at five standard spectral lines in the visible region. A decrease of refractive index values with increasing temperature is observed. Dependence on measuring wavelength is also noticed. We have calculated the temperature coefficients of refractive indices of the studied optical plastics. Charts of refractive index of some of the materials versus temperature are presented. Temperature dependence of dispersion curves based on Cauchy-Schott's approximation and Abbe numbers is also considered.


We have developed an original optical set-up and method for the measurement of strain in electronic components. We have applied it for the study of thermoelectric devices. The method is based on speckle interferometry imaging called shearography. Two images of a same object lighted by coherent laser light are recorded upon a CCD camera through an appropriate optical system. The two images are slightly shifted one with respect to the other. This allows determining the gradient of normal surface displacement in the direction of the shift. Information taken in this manner in several directions allows to derive a map of a parameter related to the surface displacement gradients that we call "fragility factor".


BACKGROUND
In April 2014 we investigated the association of migration of a woman's husband with her high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) infection status and her abnormal cervical cytology status in the Achham district of rural Far-Western Nepal.

METHODS
Women were surveyed and screened for HR-HPV during a health camp conducted by the Nepal Fertility Care Center. Univariate and multivariable statistical tests were performed to determine the association of a husband's migration status with HR-HPV infection and cervical cytology status.

RESULTS
In 265 women, the prevalence of HR-HPV was 7.5% (20/265), while the prevalence of abnormal cervical cytology, defined using the Bethesda system as atypical glandular cells of undetermined significance or worse, was 7.6% (19/251). Half of the study participants (50.8%, 130/256) had husbands who had reported migrating for work at least once. Women aged ≤34 years were significantly less likely to test positive for HR-HPV than women aged >34 years (OR 0.22, 95% CI 0.07 to 0.71). HR-HPV infection and abnormal cervical cytology status were not directly associated with a husband's migration.

CONCLUSION
Older women were found to have a higher prevalence of HPV than younger women. It is possible that a husband's migration for work could be delaying HR-HPV infections in married women until an older age.


The technique of magnetic stimulation of nerve fibres represents a new direction of research in modern medicine. This study starts from a major limitation of the coils used for magnetic stimulation: their inability to specifically stimulate the target tissue, without activating the surrounding areas. The first goal of this study was to determine the optimal configuration of coils for some specific application. Once the coil configuration established, we address other issues that need to be solved: reducing power consumption and coil heating in order to make a step forward in the direction of repetitive magnetic stimulation. The preoccupation for improving the quality of life, for persons with different handicaps, led to extended research in the area of functional stimulation. The human nervous system can be stimulated by strong magnetic field pulses that induce an electric field in the tissue, leading to excitation of neurons [1]. A disadvantage consists, however, in the fact that the need of focal stimulation can not always be fulfilled. This is why the design of magnetic coils can help achieving this goal. The present paper starts by emphasizing the theoretical background of magnetic stimulation, referring to the mathematical model for the computation of the electric field induced in the human tissue during magnetic stimulation. Also, we present a method for the computation of the inductance of magnetic coils. Then, we asses the focality of magnetic coils specially designed to improve this feature of the stimulation – Slinky coils. Finally, we analyze where the turns should be placed, inside the coil, to achieve activation of the nervous fibres with minimum energy cost.


Bag-Valve-Mask (abbreviated as BVM, also known as AmbuBag) provides controlled ventilation for a patient with labored breathing during an emergency and in-hospital settings. However, if a BVM is misused, severe injury to the patient's lungs can occur. The proposed solution is an Internet of Things (IoT)based Automated BVM, using stepper motors and microcontrollers that can provide proper ventilation through automated pumping of the BVM and monitoring vital signs via a network. It was tested for both age groups, children and adults, which involved testing intervals between pumps of sufficient amount of air on varying intervals depending on the patient's age group, where the prototype managed to achieve. From the various tests conducted, the prototype successfully produces 95% accuracy in providing proper ventilation.


In this report, β‐cyclodextrin (β‐CD)‐functionalized silica nanoparticles (SNPs) with dendrimer‐like spacers were synthesized by first grafting the SNPs with different generations of polyamidoamines (PAMAMs), followed by modifying the grafted SNPs with mono‐6‐deoxy‐(p‐tolylsulfonyl)‐β‐CD. The β‐cyclodextrin‐modified silica nanoparticle‐cored PAMAMs (SNP‐PAMAM‐β‐CDs) were studied as chiral pseudostationary phases for separating three racemic drugs, namely, chlorpheniramine, nefopam, and verapamil. The β‐CD‐functionalized SNPs with dendrimer‐like spacers were more enantioselective than native β‐CD, and the structures of the dendritic spacers were highly influential on the separation. In 20 mM NaH2PO4, addition of 4.00 mg/mL SNP‐G1.0‐β‐CD (corresponding to 1.12 mM β‐CD) could baseline separate the enantiomers of chlorpheniramine and nefopam, and introduction of 7.00 mg/mL SNP‐G0‐β‐CD (corresponding to 1.68 mM β‐CD) resulted in enantioseparation of the verapamil racemates. On the contrary, the enantiomers of nefopam and verapamil could not be resolved in the presence of 15 mM native β‐CD. Our results suggest that SNP‐PAMAM‐β‐CDs hold great promise for enantioselective separations.


to information theory,optimal linear codes haw good capability in error-correcting in coding theory and linear sequences with low cocrelation have been widely used in cryptography and CDMA systems.Therefore,it has great value to study the construction of optimal linear codes and low correlation linear sequences.Let R= Fp+ uFp,where p is an odd prime.A class of new linear codes over R is constructed by means of the trace map.Then a kind of optimal codes over Fp is obtained via the Gray map from the punctured new linear codes.Furthermore,a class of new linear cyclic codes over R is also constructed by means of the trace map.A kind of low correlation linear sequences over Fp is observed via the generalized Nechaev-Gray map from the class of new linear cyclic codes,which are regarded as a class of linear periodic sequences.


The present world energy system, largely based on the use of fossil fuels, is clearly unsustainable from environmental, economic, social and equity perspectives. The Spanish case is no exception. There is consensus, among the most renowned international organisations and research institutions, that ambitious sustainable energy policies are needed to address this situation. Computer-based mathematical models are necessary to evaluate these policies prior to their implementation. This enables the analysis of their effects, of whether they can achieve the desired goals, of their costs and benefits, of their synergies and interactions, or of their possible unexpected consequences.
This PhD thesis proposes an improved methodology for sustainable energy policy modelling that, we believe, addresses real gaps present in current models: they are sometimes too detailed, which makes their internal logic often complex to understand; outcomes are produced which are counterintuitive given the inputs; and results are often cumbersome, with large databases full of numbers presented in inconsistent and unfamiliar units. We think that policymakers need information about the big picture of the energy system in question, they need useful insights and conclusions which allow them to obtain broad understanding about the studied policies, and they need a transparent methodology that they can understand and trust. This is especially needed in Spain, one of the few European countries without an energy strategy beyond 2020, and where the public energy debate needs to be guided by transparent and sound figures.
This PhD thesis defines, develops and implements a methodology that tries to address these needs and gaps. It proposes a methodology that is specifically focused on energy policy analysis at country level and applies it to the case of Spain. The central idea is to provide an improved, and so far inexistent, set of tools based on public and reliable data, with a sound but simple and transparent mathematical representation, which allows to simulate an energy system?s evolution under different policy assumptions and to measure its sustainability from the economic, social and environmental perspectives. The aim is to show that the real difficulty is not in understanding the model itself but in discerning the implications of policies, their potential trade-offs, or the relative weight of each policy in making the system more sustainable; and that a comprehensive but simplified quantitative approach could significantly ease this task.
An extensive review of the state of the art allows justifying the proposed methodology. A meticulous process of data collection and abstraction has been carried out. The ?MASTER? models are proposed: they are two complementary partial equilibrium bottom-up models, one under static conditions and a second that considers the temporal evolution of the energy system. Their results are intuitively presented, using Sankey diagrams to represent the simulated energy system under each policy scenario. The models have been applied to actual energy policy questions in Spain, such as the costs of reducing emissions with renewables and energy efficiency; or the different evolutions of the energy system under several energy efficiency strategies.


A spacing trial was conducted at the Castor Research Station, Salem under rainfed Conditions for two consecutive years with the short duration variety SA. 1. The yield increase was significantly high in the intra row spacing of 60cm when compared to 75cm and 90cm. The production of primary branches, secondary branches. number of branch racemes. length of raceme and number of capsules per plant increased with increase in intra low spacing.


In previous work we discussed the integral-equation formalism for the computation of the structure of systems built through sequential addition, equilibration and irreversible quenching in place of individual particles. This sequential quenching model, appropriate for slow irreversible deposition, can be investigated by the techniques of equilibrium liquid theory. In the case of hard particles the problem is identical to that of random sequential addition. Our earlier calculations showed that the integral equation results for hard disks are in good agreement with simulation. In this paper we explore the structures arising from sequential quenching of square-well disks, which are found to be very different from those for the corresponding equilibrium case. The most interesting result is the much higher degree of clustering observed when particles are quenched one by one, as opposed to what is observed from the instantaneous quenching of an entire equilibrium system.


Abstract. Semantic segmentation of remote sensing images has many practical applications such as urban planning or disaster assessment. Deep learning-based approaches have shown their usefulness in automatically segmenting large remote sensing images, helping to automatize these tasks. However, deep learning models require large amounts of labeled data to generalize well to unseen scenarios. The generation of global-scale remote sensing datasets with high intraclass variability presents a major challenge. For this reason, data augmentation techniques have been widely applied to artificially increase the size of the datasets. Among them, photometric data augmentation techniques such as random brightness, contrast, saturation, and hue have been traditionally applied aiming at improving the generalization against color spectrum variations, but they can have a negative effect on the model due to their synthetic nature. To solve this issue, sensors with high revisit times such as Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 can be exploited to realistically augment the dataset. Accordingly, this paper sets out a novel realistic multi-temporal color data augmentation technique. The proposed methodology has been evaluated in the building and road semantic segmentation tasks, considering a dataset composed of 38 Spanish cities. As a result, the experimental study shows the usefulness of the proposed multi-temporal data augmentation technique, which can be further improved with traditional photometric transformations.


The early Qing Dynasty,especially in the 20~30 years after the suppression of the Three-Tribal Uprising,was a critical period for turning the turbulent Yunnan into a peaceful province.Through learning from the experience and lessons of the previous dynasties as well as some adjustment and reform,the rulers of the Qing Dynasty gradually formed a relatively comprehensive system for administrating Yunnan,which covered the politics,economy and culture and suited the actual social development then and laid the foundation for the future administration of Yunnan.


In an EU study named Management of Weather Events in the Transport System (MOWE-IT) is assessed how large disruptions of air transport, caused by bad weather, can be better accommodated by improved cooperation across transport systems. Assessed substitution options are, retention of passengers and freight at their origin, rerouting within air travel, transfer of passengers to nearby airports, modal switch to high speed rail, and trucking (air cargo) for a selection of major hubs in Europe.
The presentation will discuss the results regarding the regulatory and economic feasibility to accommodate travelers stranded in major hubs via alternative channels so as to reduce disruptive effects. The presentation will also illustrate how the realization of benefits of improved weather service provision hinges on regulatory changes and investments. Finally, the presentation will review under what conditions improvements in the resilience of air transport can be expected to produce net benefits.


As to the limitation of traditional starting criteria for fault recorder algorithm, this paper proposes an algorithm based on BP neural network and Elman neural network. An example of phase A and phase B current out-of-limit is studied with the algorithm. By choosing starting criteria samples to train BP and Elman neural network, then inputting the starting criteria information to the two trained models, whether to start recording can be judged from the output results. The outcome of MATLAB simulation shows that the starting criteria for fault recorder algorithm based on BP neural network can effectively complete the recording start with minor error, but the pace is comparatively slower. The starting criteria for fault recorder algorithm based on Elman neural network can also complete the recording start, but the error is bigger. Thanks to the part of feedback, the pace is smooth and steady and easy to accomplish in engineering project. Comparing two algorithms, the suitable one can be selected according to the amount of recorded data.


We thank the authors for their letter with regards to our recently published article. They have stated that in vitro evaluations of CPB components are preferable to clinical trials.1 Unfortunately, they have missed the point of our manuscript, which was to evaluate the oxygenator in the in vivo setting, not undertake a randomised clinical trial comparing the Pixie to other oxygenators.2 As the authors accurately point out, "in vitro evaluations cannot replicate (the) clinical scenarios", and, as we have already stated, there are a number of issues with previously published in vitro data which make its direct correlation to the in vivo setting inappropriate; for example, the exclusion of any colloid from the pseudo-circuit prime and the lack of cardiotomy suction.2 We believe that in vitro and in vivo data should not be mutually exclusive, but should act in synergy to allow individual clinicians to judge the efficacy of such equipment. The question of safety with or without an arterial line filter is an interesting and contentious one. The authors have expressed concern over this institution's "lack of neuromonitoring" and "rationale for eliminating arterial line filters". Firstly, with regards to transcranial Doppler (TCD) monitoring, the authors have, in fact, answered that question themselves; TCD only correlates with microemboli >40μm. Our data from over 5 years of in vivo use of the GAMPT bubble detection system (and also the author's previous work) is that the vast majority (>95%) of gaseous microemboli (GME) are <40μm.3 Therefore, not only would TCD be grossly inaccurate in estimating the number of CPB-generated GME, it would highlight surgical sources of GME that the perfusionist has no control over and is, therefore, irrelevant when considering the selection of CPB components. Furthermore, the clinical relevance of TCD signals during CPB and postoperative cognitive outcomes has been questioned.4 Secondly, we did not eliminate arterial line filters; we have never used them, along with 21% of other paediatric centres across Europe.5 We have demonstrated that the typical patient receives less than 1.2 μL of CPB-generated GME without an arterial line filter.2 As the authors state in a previous article, "the existence of a clear causal link (between microemboli and neurological outcomes) remains unproven"; we must question what volume of GME is required to cause adverse neurological sequelae?3 Moreover, given that the amount of microemboli due to surgery/surgical intervention, as measured by TCD, has been quoted as 76% of the total TCD signal, one must question the appurtenance of CPB-generated GME.6 There are no differences between our results and other published gross neurological outcomes, which include centres that do use arterial line filters, reflecting recent reports that suggest intraoperative management plays a lesser role in overall neurological outcome than previously thought.7 We do not dispute the effects of emboli from the venous line, but question the significance that the authors have attributed to it. Although the authors suggest that the "initiation of CPB may be a key offender (in GME production)", suggesting that this may be due to the fact that they' "typically do not attempt to remove residual venous air from the venous line following connection to the venous cannulae", their own data contradicts this. During their study, the authors noted that "removal of the aortic clamp was associated with increased venous line microemboli but not with increased arterial line microemboli". Therefore, the "spike in arterial line emboli" which the authors note at the initiation of CPB and which they state, "(possibly) these initial arterial line microemboli are due to other occult sources that are especially prevalent at the onset of bypass, such as inadequate deairing of the arterial filter", appears little to do with venous Conclusions from in vitro vs in vivo data


Soybean production in Indonesia has decreased year by year. This is caused by high rainfall potentially causing water-saturated land. This is due to heavy rain which can cause the water to become saturated. Implementation of drainage and groundwater depth control is expected to increase soybean productivity. The purpose of this study is to determine the best groundwater depth for growth, production and physiological quality of soybeans produced. The study was conducted at the Experimental farm of the Faculty of Agriculture, the University of Riau from February to May 2019. The depth of the groundwater used was 5 cm, 10 cm, 15 cm, 20 cm, and control treatment. The parameters observed were plant height and number of nodes, flowering age, age of harvest, number of seeds per plant, dry weight of seeds per plant, the weight of 100 seeds per plant, the suitable percentage for seed, standard germination test, and index value test. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance then continued with Duncan's New Multiple Range Test at the 5% level. The results showed that a depth of 5 cm, which produces poor aeration, leads to unoptimal absorption of nutrients, thus plant height and number of nodes, number of seeds per plant, dry seed weight  per plant, 100 seed weight  per and the suitable percentage for seed decreased. In the treatment, a water level of 20 cm from the soil gave the best results in terms of seed growth, production and physiological quality  due to good ventilation, sufficient water availability and optimal absorption of nutrients.


Authors: Jim Lundy  Date: December 15, 2011 Mike Anderson Topics: Mobile Research Note Number: 2011-26 Collaboration Issues: What are the trends impacting mobile computing? What are the best practices for harnessing...


Proper utilization of GaN devices generally necessitates ultra-low inductance printed circuit board (PCB) layout in the main commutation loop or switching cell of a power converter. The flying c apacitor m ultilevel ( FCML) t opology in particular contains many of these switching cells, thus design optimization becomes critical. A novel asymmetrical cell layout design with sub-1 nH commutation loop inductance is proposed and characterized for the FCML by utilizing a transient- and impedance-based measurement technique in conjunction with 3D field simulation. To validate its efficacy, this switching cell design is demonstrated within a prototype high performance step-down intermediate bus converter supply (vout = 48 V) with wide input voltage range (vin = 48 to 340 V).


The final machining (or finishing) of precision parts with high level of surface finish and close tolerance is making the application of Magnetic Abrasive Finishing (MAF) technology increasingly important. MAF is a magnetic field controlled advanced finishing process used for fine finishing of metals and non-metals. In MAF, the workpiece is kept between the two poles of electromagnet and the working gap is filled with Magnetic Abrasive Particles (MAPs). MAPs form a Magnetic Abrasive Flexible Brush (MAFB) due to the effect of magnetic field in working gap. This paper focuses on the modelling and simulation of MAF process for the theoretical prediction of surface roughness on the workpiece surface. A finite element-based model is developed to find the magnetic scalar potential distribution in the working gap. A theoretical model is also developed for the prediction of surface roughness on the workpiece surface due to the indentation and microcutting by MAPs under magnetic machining pressure. The simulation results are compared with the experimental results available in the literature and they are found to agree well. The effects of different process parameters are also studied.


Introduction and Objectives: This study focuses on the theoretical framework for excellence in sports performance, which we deal with the theory of deliberate practice. The objective of this research is to analyze the perception of judo about their training activities, identify training activities in the perception of the most influential Judoka in improving the performance and confirmed the correlation between the dimensions of concentration, physical effort, fun and performance. Method: The study sample consisted of judo at the regional (n = 9), national (n = 27) and international (n = 40). For data collection questionnaire was used as a measuring device. The questionnaire begins with general information on the athletic performance of each subject. Subsequently, the study focuses on perceptions about the judo specific training activities carried out around 4 dimensions (concentration, physical effort, fun and importance to improve performance). Results: The regional-level judo athletes (M = 9.37) national (M = 8.69) and international (M = 9.20) perceived the competition as the most crucial element to improve performance. Moreover, considered it very enjoyable, whether requiring great physical effort and concentration. Conclusions: From the perspective of judo there is a relatively homogenous view on what training activities contribute more to improve performance. This fact suggests that if the keys to success are no different in the perception of players with different skill levels, will be the time devoted to training each performance factors, one of the most important keys to development expertise, supporting the idea of practice as the main explanatory variable of skill acquisition.


Analysis of United States Policy on Withdrawal from Paris Agreement is interesting since Donald Trump has a different background to United States former president Barack Obama and different perspective regarding climate change issue, especially Paris Agreement. Intentions of the analysis is to analyzited United States position in Paris Agreement under Donald Trump's administrations and applying Poliheuristic theory to explain Trump's two steps on making his decission. First step, Trump eliminate one of three alternatives wich is stay in Paris Agreement, secon Stay in Paris Agreement but with renegotiation, Third withdraw from Paris Agreement. At the first step Trump eliminate the alternatives use his cognitive aspecs. In a second step Rational Choice is used by Trump to calculate the cost and benefits from each alternaties and leaving one alternatives as a final decission, which is withdraw from Paris Agreement. The result of this research is United States Policy to withdraw rom Paris Agreement is influenced by Trump's perspectives about the agreement and his beliefs on his motivations to Make America Great Again became a reference to put United Statesnational interest in a first place.


Between March 1992 and April 1993, an intensive sampllng p r q g a m was carried out at a coastal station in the Northwestern Mediterranean Sea to study the relations9:p between phytoplankton distributions, as evaluated by taxonomic pigments, and the hydrographx structures of the water column. The study period covered the range of hydrographlc conditions whlct prevail in the Mediterranean Sea. The 0 to 75 m integrated chlorophyll a concent]-ation averaged 23 3 mg m 2 , with the highest values (above 45 mg m-') restricted to semi-mixed penods. The major ph floplankton signature and water column structure r e l a t~onsh~ps were: (1) phytoplankton~c prokaryotes (ryanobacteria and prochlorophytes] appear sensitive to water column mixing with prochlorophylc~ being the most sensitive group a s strong stratification is associated with the highest biomass found mainly in deeper waters; (2) prymnesiophytes and chrysophytes (19'-BF and 19'-HF) appear the most abundant under a variety of conditions and therefore seem able to adapt to various water column structures; (3) diatoms bloom in semi-mixed conditions, but while these conditions are necessary, they are not sufficient for bloom formation; and (4 ) green chlorophyll b-containing flagellates appear to requlre sI.jsng mixing. During the stratification period, 2 noticeable wlnd-induced mixing events occurred, arc while the first d ~ d not have any marked influence on the phytoplankton community, the second was i-~llowed by a subsurface development of green flagellates and diatoms. This second wind-mixlng e v e 3 #also altered the vertlcal prokaryote distribution, but 1 wk after this perturbation vert~cal segregatitm of prochlorophytes and cyanobacteria was reestablished. The results suggest that, while different ~ h ~ r ~ l p l a n k t o n taxa are generally adapted to speciflc water column structures, this is not always the case l rpec~a l ly at small scales where specific lighthutrient requirements may have to be met.


Introduction Adult spinal deformity (ASD) may be classified as idiopathic (I) or degenerative (D) (or other) based on classifier's perception, the reliability of and factors inherent to which remain unknown. Aim of study is to evaluate the inter and intraobserver reliability of surgeons' perception in differentiating I from D ASD and to identify the determinants of it. Material and Methods From a multicentric prospective database, 179 patients were identified with the diagnosis of I (n = 103) or D (n = 76); no previous surgery; and a lumbar coronal curve > 20°. Standing AP and lateral X-Rays were sent to five experienced spine surgeons to be identified as D or I (or other); followed by a second round after reshuffling. Weighted Kappa statistics was used, after which the patients were stratified by number of agreements as perfect (10/10) and very good (≥8/10); these were further compared for additional radiological parameters. Results Four observers completed both rounds while the 5th did only the first (a total of 10 observations/pt including the record). Agreement levels were moderate to good for intra but fair to moderate for interobserver comparisons (Table 1). There were 42 perfect and 80 with very good agreements for I patients but only 6 perfect and 17 very good agreements for D. Upon comparison of these, it was seen that they were different for some coronal parameters such as lumbar Cobb angle (larger in I, p < 0.001), CSVL modifier (C more common in I, p = 0.007) and presence of rotatory subluxation (less common in D, p = 0.017) but very different for sagittal parameters (lumbar lordosis, sagittal vertical axis, T2-sagittal tilt, pelvic tilt, sacral slope and global tilt; increased sagittal imbalance in D, all p≤0.001). Conclusion Surgeons in this study demonstrated reasonable intraobserver agreement but only fair agreement amongst them. These findings suggest that especially in patients with significant coronal curves, determination of curve etiology with only radiological data may not be accurate. In patients with good agreement, the most consistent radiologic determinant appeared to be the presence of sagittal imbalance.


In multi-agent infrastructure projects, such as water resources development, the allocation of cost and benefit is a critical problem. The estimation of benefit generally needs the information owned by agents. When the allocation rule applied is based on the principle that the agent taking more benefit should be burdened with more costs, agents have the incentive to make false statements on their benefits. In this paper, the efficiency of net benefit allocation scheme based on self revelation is analyzed using game theory with imcomplete information.


The fact that the number of larvae of H. rostochiensis on the root side of a Petri-dish increase with time (58% after 6 hours, 70,6% after 24 hours) agrees with the calculation that nematodes wander at random. Reasons are given which suggest that the building up of diffusion gradients of an attractant substance in soil is almost impossible. The following hypothesis of chemo-orthokinetical host-finding is put forward as a possible explanation of congregation near host roots: nematode larvae meet roots by chance and enter them or alter their movement under influence of substances emitted by roots. Larvae do not leave the rhizosphere and so accumulate there. Plants and their diffusates do not directly attract nematodes chemotropically but solely influence the rate of movement of larvae.


The left kidney measures 3.38 cni by 2.05 ern by 1.84 em which is slightly larger than one finds in normal cats of this size. In the latter, the corresponding dimensions are 2.93cm by 1.80 ern by 1.60 em. The right kidney is absent (fig. 1). The left ureter is normal in position and opens into the left side of the base of the bladder along the vesico-uterine fold. The complete absence of even a stump of the right ureter was demonstrated by blocking off the left ureter and vagina. The urinary bladder was then injected with dilute India ink. As a result the left ureter became partially filled, hut there was no trace of a right ureter or of a right orifice in the bladder. The bladder appears smalaler than in a normal cat. The left suprarenal gland is normal in position and is supplied by a suprarenal artery. The right suprarenal gland is present in its normal, position. In the region of the kidney an artery passes laterally from the right side of the abdominal


Retailer satisfaction is vital for any business since they are the link between the customer and manufacturer. The research examines the aspects for satisfaction of peanut oil retailers. The sample size is 211 retailers. The researcher analyzed that factor of retailer's satisfaction with using chi-square, weighted average from the analysis. Research found that retailer's opinion different from one store to another store. This study is also focused on the satisfaction level towards retailers. Most of the retailers agree that quality of packaging of the peanut oil they receive is of good quality and also they agree that most of the brands have attractive packaging. The retailers are also satisfied with the sales persons visiting the market regularly and say that they have a good relationship with the sales persons. The retailers also feel that the profit margin is low and are not satisfied with the credit period offered by the oil suppliers. However most of the retailers are generally satisfied with their business relationship with peanut oil suppliers.


An efficient approach for array synthesis including the effect of mutual coupling is presented. The method is based on an iterative convex optimization scheme and on a fast full-wave simulation technique. The embedded element patterns (EEP), obtained by full-wave simulation at each iteration of the convex optimization, are exploited to take into account the mutual coupling. The final results, therefore, not only satisfy the pre-defined constraints but also guarantee the performance of the array. Numerical results of linear focused beam arrays are presented to show the effectiveness of the approach.


With the aim of gathering information useful for road management, the National Institute for Land and Infrastructure Management used an information gathering method based on smartphones, which have recently seen a remarkable technological development and increase in user base. A prototype of this information gathering system was developed, and its details are presented in this paper.


Increasing landfill tax, the new Code for Sustainable Homes and Site Waste Management Plans being required on all UK projects above £ 250k (US$500k) by April 2008, means that it is fast becoming legally and financially imperative for the construction industry to look at ways to minimise waste and maximise resource use.


This paper aims to estimate technical and scale efficiency in the Italian citrus farming. Estimation was carried out from two different approach: a non parametric and a parametric approach using a Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) model and a Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA) model, respectively. Several studies have compared technical efficiency estimates derived from parametric and non parametric approaches, while a very small number of studies have aimed to compare scale efficiency obtained from different methodological approaches. This is one of the first attempts that aims to put on evidence possible difference in scale efficiency estimations in farming due to methods used. Empirical findings suggest that the greater portion of overall inefficiency in the sample might depend on producing below the production frontier than on operating under an inefficient scale. Furthermore, we found that the estimated technical efficiency from the SFA model is substantially at the same level of this estimated from DEA model, while the scale efficiency arisen from SFA is larger than this obtained from DEA analysis.


The recombination model is applied to the production of $K,\ensuremath{\phi},\ensuremath{\Lambda}$ , and \ensuremath{\Omega} at all ${p}_{T}$ in central Au+Au collisions. The thermal-shower component of the recombination is found to be important for $K$ and \ensuremath{\Lambda}, but only in a minor way for \ensuremath{\phi} and \ensuremath{\Omega} in the intermediate to high ${p}_{T}$ region. The normalization and inverse slope of the thermal partons in the strange sector are determined by fitting the low-${p}_{T}$ data. At higher ${p}_{T}$ the data of $K,\ensuremath{\Lambda},\ensuremath{\phi}$, and \ensuremath{\Omega} in the log scale are all well reproduced in our study that extends the thermal contribution and includes the shower contribution. The calculated result on the $\ensuremath{\Lambda}/K$ ratio rises to a maximum of around 2 at ${p}_{T}\ensuremath{\approx}4$ GeV/$c$, arching over the data in linear scale. The production of \ensuremath{\phi} and \ensuremath{\Omega} are shown to arise mainly from the recombination of thermal partons, thus exhibiting exponential ${p}_{T}$ dependences in agreement with the data. Their ratio, ${R}_{\ensuremath{\Omega}/\ensuremath{\phi}}$, rises linearly to ${p}_{T}\ensuremath{\approx}4$ GeV/$c$ and develops a maximum at ${p}_{T}\ensuremath{\approx}5.5$ GeV/$c$. It is argued that the ${p}_{T}$ spectra of \ensuremath{\phi} and \ensuremath{\Omega} reveal directly the partonic nature of the thermal source that characterizes quark-gluon plasma. Comments are made on the \ensuremath{\Omega} puzzle due to the simultaneous observation of both the exponential behavior of the \ensuremath{\Omega} spectrum in ${p}_{T}$ and the existence of low-${p}_{T}$ particles associated with \ensuremath{\Omega} as trigger.


It is apparent from the literature on LNG spills that there is
a considerable lack of knowledge in many areas of technical importance
to the safety assessment of LNG receiving terminals. For this reason,
a thorough critical review of the state-of-the-art regarding the
technical aspects of LNG spill evaluation is in preparation. The
purpose of this review is to focus attention on these aspects of the
problem that are least understood and which are crucial to a proper
assessment of the hazards. It is realized that ERDA has already
conducted an LNG Safety and Control Workship, the outcome of which
was a set of conclusions and recommendations regarding the safety
and control issues of LNG operations.


utomated visual printed circuit board (PCB) inspection is an approach used to counter difficulties occurred in manual inspection that can eliminate subjective aspects and then provide fast, quantitative, and dimensional assessments. Various concentrated work on detection of defects of printed circuit boards (PCBs) have been done, but it is also crucial to classify these defects in order to analyze and identify the root causes of the defects. However, besides the need to detect the defects, it is also essential to classify these defects so that the source of these defects can be identified. Based on studies done till now, some PCB defects can only exist in certain groups. Thus, it is obvious that the image processing algorithm could be improved by applying a segmentation exercise. This paper makes a comparative study of all such algorithms developed till date, to analyze their shortcomings and thereby provide an optimal approach to detect maximum of the defects with higher accuracy as well as with speed. This approach uses morphological image segmentation algorithm and simple image processing theories. The given algorithm can overcome most of the defects of previous algorithms and detect more than 80% of defects in a given PCB which ranges from missing components, broken tracks, misplaced components etc.


Background: Nurses should have a treatment philosophy, which is behavior providing a sense of comfort and hospitality. Such behavior is reflected in Mataraman Javanese people's attitude as determined by Javanese ancestors in social rules known as tata krama (manners). This study aimed to depict Mataraman Javanese manner implementation in nursing practice. Method: It is a descriptive qualitative study. Data were collected from December 2019 to January 2020 through a semi-structured interview with 10 participants. Participants were Mataraman Javanese nurses working in an inpatient unit of a public referral hospital in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Data were analyzed using content analysis method. Results: Results revealed participants' knowledge and experiences concerning the concepts and types of Mataraman Javanese manners, the implementation of these manners, and their effect on nursing practices. Conclusion: Nurses need to comprehend and implement Mataraman Javanese manners when caring for their patients.


Brand is symbol of product quality and strength of enterprise. As a typical culture in market economy, it has great influences in everyday life. Famous brands attract purchasing , which prospers enterprise. After China s entry to WTO, Chinese economy has turned into a new page. As the world manufacturing base, China is to win international market with its own brands. Chunsheng Refractory Ltd. , which specialized in quality silica bricks, has grown in size and strength. And our experiences proved how important the brand is for an enterprise.


The Hydraulics Laboratory of the National Research Council of Canada uses a hydraulic model of the St. Lawrence River estuary to perform tidal studies. In this model a pump creates the tidal variations at the boundary where the height profile is set to represent actual observed values. The original scheme for controlling the pump was inadequate for periods exceeding one simulated day. In order to experiment with improved control schemes to extend the usefulness of the simulation beyond one day, we needed a computer model of the hydraulic model. This paper describes the development of that model.


The author presents an analysis of main approach representatives of the different scientific sociological directions and schools to problem social and professional integration of the individual. The considered notion of social management this process. Attention of the author is spared particularity to professional integration in organizing ambience enterprise, are considered main factors, defining these particularities. Determination of social management professional integration of the veterans of military service is given within the framework of the cross-disciplinary approach. Here are presented the results of the study to professional integration of the persons, separated from the service.


Important recent knowledge concerning acid-base status during hypothermia is briefly summarized. A basic diagram of pH-CO2 relationships during cooling with diluted blood is presented to illustrate the three possible acid-base management strategies during hypothermic perfusion. On the basis of an extensive review of pertinent literature on the effect of excess CO2 and acidosis on the hypothermic brain and heart during hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass (H-CPB), it is recommended that no CO2 be added to any ventilatory gas and that respiratory alkalosis is the optimal acidbase strategy during perfusion cooling with circulatory arrest. The great need for on-line blood gas monitoring instrumentation, so that perfusionists may actually identify and control the acid-base status of the patient during hypothermia, is emphasized.


Objective
To investigate the application of individualized health education in patients with diabetes and its effect on compliance with doctor's advice.

Methods
A total of 102 patients with diabetes who were admitted to our hospital were randomly divided into control group and observation group, with 51 patients in each group. The patients in the control group were given conventional hypoglycemic therapy, and those in the observation group were given hypoglycemic therapy combined with individualized health education. Health education investigation was performed to evaluate patients' compliance with doctor's advice. SPSS 13.0 was used for the chi-square test.

Results
The observation group had a significantly higher rate of compliance with doctor's advice than the control group from the following five aspects: treatment compliance (98.04% vs 80.39%, P<0.05), smoking quitting and alcohol limiting (92.16% vs 72.55%, P<0.05), rational diet (86.27% vs 66.67%, P<0.05), exercise (80.39% vs 58.82%, P<0.05), and blood glucose monitoring (84.31% vs 62.75%, P<0.05).

Conclusion
The application of individualized health education in patients with diabetes can effectively improve their compliance with doctor's advice, and therefore, it holds promise for clinical application.

Key words:
Individualized health education; Diabetes; Compliance with doctor's advice


This study, to determine an efficient instructional design with respect to cognitive load, investigated (1) the main effect of different levels of intrinsic and extraneous load in simulation environments on comprehension and transfer of chemistry knowledge and (2) the interaction effects of the instructional conditions and learners' characteristics. Two hundred fifty-seven middle school students were randomly assigned to four experimental treatment conditions (high-intrinsic/high-extraneous, high-intrinsic/low-extraneous, low-intrinsic/high-extraneous, low-intrinsic/low-extraneous condition). Learner characteristics studied were prior-knowledge, spatial ability, and self-regulation. Data analysis indicated (1) a significant main effect (p < .001) of treatment condition for both comprehension and transfer tests, high-intrinsic/high-extraneous group performed worse than the other treatment groups and (2) the significant interaction effects between the instructional treatment conditions and individual differences: For example, low prior-knowledge and low spatial ability learners performed better under low extraneous load, whereas high prior-knowledge and high spatial ability learners performed better under high extraneous load, especially when combined with low intrinsic load. An additional finding, was that learning performance and reported amounts of invested mental effort were related. The group reporting the lowest investment of mental effort scored lowest on both comprehension and recall tests.


In recent years, in our country there has been a clear trend towards sustainable growth in the production of sunflower oil. During long-term monitoring high risks of contamination with mycotoxins are established for the by-products of oil and oil-extracting industries, oil cakes and meals, which are traditionally in demand as valuable raw materials for mixed fodders (G.P. Kononenko et al., 2018). Among the possible reasons of contamination are the violations of the technology of production and storage of the final products, but the problem of the sanitary quality of oil seeds coming from the farms remains without attention. The purpose of our work was to survey the lots destined for the production of oil by comparing the contamination with mycotoxins of the main seeds and typical accompanying impurities. The average samples of sunflower oil seeds from the farms of the Belgorod, Voronezh, Kursk and Lipetsk regions of the 2016 year crop were fractionated into seeds and impurities (according to GOST 22391-2015) for separate study of their contamination. We also examined a batch of seeds stored after cleaning in two compartments, in one of which there was a shutdown of the ventilation system and, as a result, self-warming foci arose. In addition, sunflower growing plants that were collected in June-September 2016 and 2017 in the subsidiary farms of the Moscow, Tver, Voronezh and Rostov regions were analyzed for mycotoxins. Ground parts (n = 65) were cut at a height of 5 cm from the soil surface, dried in a shaded ventilated room and crushed whole. Another part of the plants (n = 29) was divided into leaves, stems and baskets before grinding. The mycotoxins group containing T-2 toxin (T-2), diacetoxycirpenol (DAS), deoxynivalenol (DON), zearalenone (ZEN), fumonisins (FUM), alternariol (AOL), aflatoxin B1 (AB1), sterigmatocystin (STE), cyclopiazonic acid (CPA), emodin (EMO), ochratoxin A (OA), citrinin (CIT), mycophenolic acid (MPA), PR toxin (PR) and ergot alkaloids (EA) were determined by the enzyme immunoassay. Our tests show that in seeds AOL is almost universally encountered, MPA and EMO are somewhat less frequent, the remaining mycotoxins are not detected. In contrast, in impurities, in addition to AOL, EMO and MPA, fusariotoxins (T-2, DAS, ZEN) are often enough, whereas CPA and CIT are more rare, and DON, STE, EA occur in a few samples. The ranges of AOL, EMO and MPA content are significantly wider and the average values for the samples are significantly higher than those found in the seeds. The newly discovered fact of multiple and intensive contamination of impurities with mycotoxins has a great practical importance, as it is an experimental justification for the need for thorough harvest cleaning for further processing. Additional experiments with vegetating sunflower plants show the maximum content of mycotoxins in leaves and pseudanthium (sunflower head) as compared to stems. A sharp increase in the mycotoxin accumulation both in seeds and in impurities occurs under self-warming conditions. The obtained results show that fungi of the genera Alternaria and Penicillium can cause damage to the harvested crop. We will elucidate their role in more detail in further studies.


ABSTRACT This study examined the effects of different training methods on social behavior, empathy, and aggression (open and relational) in children (third-graders) at several intervals. There were three experimental conditions: "Social training without dogs," "Social training with dogs," and "Dog attendance without social training." The project was carried out in three elementary schools— three classes per school (total of 230 children)—over a period of 10 weeks. The assignment of experimental conditions to classes within each school was random. There were ten training sessions (90 minutes each): one session per week. The class teachers and pupils filled in questionnaires before the start of training and after the completion of the 10-week program, and the pupils did so once again three weeks after that. Data were analyzed using analysis of covariance for repeated measures on one factor. The respective initial values were incorporated into the computation as covariates. The teacher's survey revealed a significant improvement in pupils' social behavior, irrespective of program. The pupils showed a significant increase in empathy, irrespective of program; however, the effect was not stable over time. A significant advantage with respect to open and relational aggression was demonstrated by the "Social training with dogs" program over the other two alternatives.


The anthropocene should be written "entropocene", i.e., a period of mass production of entropy due to the fact that many fields of knowledge have been abolished and liquidated : they no longer belong to human knowledge, but offer closed systems of automatic reactions, which, as such, present high levels of entropy. The new criterion of redistribution needed in our age of Neguanthropocene must be based on our capacity to disautomatize and resuscitate a whole range of human operations.


The design and development of an expendable, low-cost acoustic transponder is described. The transponder is interrogated with a 9 kHz pulse of short duration and responds with a longer pulse at the same frequency. When operated in conjunction with a long-baseline tracking system, the transponder package allows accurate measurements of its position to be made. The primary application of this device has been to measure water current profiles in the Arctic, where the device is trimmed to sink at a slow rate. It could also be placed on the bottom to measure the drift of an ice-mounted tracking system. In addition, it serves as a handy, lightweight device for measuring locations on an ice floe by inserting it through holes drilled in the ice. Low cost (about S30 for parts) was achieved by using inexpensive miniature components for the electronics and standard plastic-pipe end caps for the pressure case. The heart of the system is a transducer that is mounted inside the pressure case and mechanically coupled to the end bell. This transducer is based on a piezoelectric smoke alarm buzzer. The details of the electronics and transducer design are presented along with the results of field tests of the system. The output of the system is approximately one acoustic watt; in arctic tests, it was possible to track the transponder at ranges in excess of 1000 yd, the range being limited more by refraction than by the power or sensitivity of the transponder. It is possible to extend the system operation to other frequencies by using the design approach described in the paper.


The subject grant is for the analysis of ALEXIS observations of the Monogem Ring supernova remnant using the diffuse all-sky maps produced from the ALEXIS all-sky survey. The work is to produce ratio maps of the three energy bands provided by ALEXIS, analyze the ratio data to constrain the intervening neutral hydrogen column density and the temperature and elemental abundances of the X-ray emitting gas, compare the structure to that observed in the ROSAT maps, and incorporate the results into current supenova remnant evolution models. The work outlined above has been significantly delayed since the ALEXIS diffuse all-sky maps took longer to produce than anticipated. Unfortunately, the ALEXIS satellite suffered a failure of the Pegasus launch vehicle which left the satellite in a partially functioning condition. The attitude control system of the spacecraft was unable to operate as planned and this has greatly increased the complexity of the aspect solution. Our colleagues at Los Alamos have made progress in producing these maps and are nearing completion of the final maps. However, the quality of the data have been significantly compromised by the overall lower exposure due to the spacecraft problems and the higher background of the micro-channel plate detectors. We have compared the ALEXIS and ROSAT maps of this region of the sky and there is no obvious signal in the ALEXIS maps of the Monogem Ring. We are now exploring correlation techniques to determine if there is indeed a faint signal in the ALEXIS maps. Although, the project has been a disappointment so far, the data may still provide a valuable lower limit on the neutral hydrogen column density. This is a far cry from our original intentions, but would still be valuable science. Given the large delays in producing the ALEXIS sky maps, this work will continue past the end of the grant period.


We utilized the 228Th/228Ra and 234Th/238U disequilibrium methods to estimate the export of particulate organic carbon (POC) from the upper twilight zone in the northern South China Sea during four cruises from August 2009 to May 2011, covering an entire seasonal cycle of spring, summer, autumn, and winter. A significant finding of this study is that 228Th/228Ra disequilibrium method is highly sensitive for tracing POC export in the twilight zone, as demonstrated by the comparison of the "Minimum Detection Limit" (MDL) of various methods. We thus further conclude that 228Th/228Ra disequilibrium is suitable for the research of the twilight zone by comparing the POC export fluxes derived from 228Th/228Ra and 228Ra‐NO3− disequilibrium. The mesopelagic transfer efficiency (Teff), defined as the ratio of POC flux at 500–100 m, varied from 8% to 130%. The Teff derived from >53 μm 234Th (228Th) was higher than that based on 1–53 μm. Large particles were observed to sink rapidly and exit the twilight zone. The Teff was lower at the sampling station influenced by the Kuroshio waters in winter and spring, where the exported organic matter was relatively labile and prone to remineralization in the twilight zone. Conversely, the Teff was relatively higher at other stations, indicating that the exported organic matter was refractory and underwent comparatively less degradation in the twilight zone.


Artificial neural networks have found profound success in the area of pattern recognition. The collections of digital music have become increasingly common over the recent years. As the amount of data increases, digital context classification is becoming more important. In this thesis, we are studying content-based classification of digital musical signals according to their musical genre (e.g. : jazz, rock, pop and blues) and the features uses. The purpose of this thesis is to propose of designing a neural network technique, signal processing and related works of research. In addition, the methodology that used in designing audio classification model using neural network is introduced. The method was follow in this thesis is content analysis, and the designing of the model has through several phases: requirements analysis, knowledge representation and model designing. The theory behind the used features is reviewed and the fining from the proposed designing is presented.


This paper briefly presents a method for the interpretation of quantitative petrographic data and chemical composition data from amphorae found in Lyons with the aim of determining whether or not the amphorae are of local production. We will try to define the exact place of each argument in our reasoning about the attribution of the origin of these ceramics, while insisting on the zones of uncertainty for each method. It is important to emphasize here that in assigning the origin of the Lyons amphorae all the arguments must be used conjointly. The presence of rhyolite in the temper is not enough to determine the Lyons origin of an amphora, and the geochemical arguments are often insufficient to make a decision. It is a reasoned application of petrographic, geochemical and archaeological arguments which enables us to pronounce an attribution.


Shape representation is a major challenge in machine perception, and is the basis for vision. Most current theories of shape representation are based on the idea of feature or part extraction. Compared with template matching and Fourier decomposition, parts-based mechanism is better adapted to the real-world difficulties of view-point transformations, partial occlusion and plastic deformation. We present in this paper a parts-based shape representation model inspired by the mammalian visual ventral pathway. With the sparse coding constraint, the computational model combines unsupervised representation in the feedforward stream with lateral interaction to achieve stable, efficient and natural representation of shapes. Further comparing the response properties of model cells to those of biological V4 cells, we find that model cells display same curvature and object centered tuning as the reported physiological measurements.


Opening up North American markets in 1994 lowered entry barriers to international trade. However, new non-statutory regulations have modified previous ways global value chains were governed, reducing supplier substitutability capacity of lead firms, increasing rigidity of governance structures and raising market entry barriers for new suppliers. The paper is based upon a study on compliance capability building along international fresh produce supply chains from Mexico to US (2007-2008). The main regulatory regimes these are to comply with are rather self-regulations and Public Private Partnerships (―voluntary‖). This is a comparative case study of 4 international fresh produce supply chains (11 firms), based upon small sample size indexes construction, following a selective/examplanary reasoning. It was assessed the relationship between compliance levels and different regulatory regimes, it is argued that, although security responsibilities are being transferred equally to all supply chains to develop private hierarchies to prevent bioterrorism acts, there are unintended consequences according to their capability building for each regulatory regime. 1 Science and Technology Policy Research (SPRU) The Freeman Centre, University of Sussex. Brighton, UK firstname.lastname@example.com Research funded by Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia de Mexico (CONACYT). Special thanks to Fresh Produce Association of the Americas (FPAA), Centro de Investigacion en Alimentacion y Desarrollo, A.C. (CIAD, A.C.), and Confederacion de Asociaciones de Agricultores del Estado de Sinaloa (CAADES) Paper presented in the VI Globelics Conference at Mexico City, September 22-24 2008


The analysis of experiment on auditing behavior is a new subject needed to study. The paper introduces the program of computational experiment which is widely used in social science. Then, analyze the modeling elements of auditing individual behavior, effects model from the individual to group behavior. The scheme of the computational experiment is constructed including the individual and group behavior to explorer the new idea and methods on the auditing behavior.


Summary
The Author in this report provides an overview of the clinical features and frequency of iris tumors in children. Iris tumors are broadly classified into cystic or solid lesions. Cystic lesions are generally benign. Solid lesions are most often melanocytic. Iris nevus is the most common solid iris tumor in all age groups .

The most common diagnoses in the pediatric group include iris nevus,IPE cyst, iris stromal cyst,juvenile xanthogranuloma,and melanoma. The author report the personal experience and presents rare tumors like melanocytoma,medulloepithelioma and choristoma of the iris.


Introduction A review of European Union (EU)-funded initiatives linked to 'Real World Evidence' (RWE) was performed to determine whether their outputs could be used for the generation of real-world data able to support the European Medicines Agency (EMA)'s regulatory decision-making on medicines. Method The initiatives were identified from publicly available websites. Their topics were categorised into five areas: 'Data source', 'Methodology', 'Governance model', 'Analytical model' and 'Infrastructure'. To assess their immediate relevance for medicines evaluation, their therapeutic areas were compared with the products recommended for EU approval in 2016 and those included in the EMA pharmaceutical business pipeline. Results Of 171 originally identified EU-funded initiatives, 65 were selected based on their primary and secondary objectives (35 'Data source' initiatives, 15 'Methodology', 10 'Governance model', 17 'Analytical model' and 25 'Infrastructure'). These 65 initiatives received over 734 million Euros of public funding. At the time of evaluation, the published outputs of the 40 completed initiatives did not always match their original objectives. Overall, public information was limited, data access was not explicit and their sustainability was unclear. The topics matched 8 of 14 therapeutic areas of the products recommended for approval in 2016 and 8 of 15 therapeutic areas in the 2017–2019 pharmaceutical business pipeline. Haematology, gastroenterology or cardiovascular systems were poorly represented. Conclusions This landscape of EU-funded initiatives linked to RWE which started before 31 December 2016 highlighted that the immediate utilisation of their outputs to support regulatory decision-making is limited, often due to insufficient available information and to discrepancies between outputs and objectives. Furthermore, the restricted sustainability of the initiatives impacts on their downstream utility. Multiple projects focussing on the same therapeutic areas increase the likelihood of duplication of both efforts and resources. These issues contribute to gaps in generating RWE for medicines and diminish returns on the public funds invested.


The New Structure of School Improvement: inquiring schools and achieving students Bruce Joyce, Emily Calhoun & David Hopkins

Schools Making a Difference: let's be realistic! Martin Thrupp

Learning Beyond the Classroom Tom Bentley


To the Editor: A recent report in Neurology1 showed a right predominance of pain following thalamic stroke. Men displayed a statistically significant right predominance; women, a mild non-significant rightward trend. The authors underscored a particular vulnerability of pain processing to right-sided thalamic lesions consistent with …


AbstractThe National Trust has acquired, by virtue of its extensive countryside land holding, a large number of sites which demonstrate much of the history and development of agriculture in Britain. This paper will provide a summary review of the range of such sites, including farms and vernacular farmsteads with their wide range of specialist activities, the 'model' industrialised farms of the late eighteenth and nineteenth centuries often associated with country house estates, and the sites where the processing of agricultural products took place, particularly watermills, windmills, and textile producing works. Reference will also be made to some of the rural life collections, including agricultural machinery and other artefacts which the Trust owns. This paper cannot be comprehensive, but will seek to raise some of the issues which the curation of such a diverse collection raises.


Abstract The inception and roll out of the UK Government's Big Society agenda offers an opportunity to consider the changing modalities of contemporary political engagement. Much of the critical scholarship on the Big Society views it as a rationale to legitimize both a reconfiguration of the welfare state and an austerity programme to reduce government debt. While these interpretations are helpful, they explain only partially the appeal of these agendas for politicians and their political parties. The key question explored in this article is why, despite the hostility and cynicism towards ideological projects such as Big Society, do politicians continue to identify and pursue them? I argue that the Big Society agenda is only in part a rationale for austerity and welfare reform; it also provides a discursive setting for politicians to address societal anxieties by offering a navigable route for the future. Although the Big Society agenda has been roundly derided, its Manichean morality tale offers assurance at a time when politics is being reshaped by neoliberal ideology, changing media practices and globalization processes.


In this work, three techniques for consistent initialization and numeric integration of high-index differential-algebraic equation systems are discussed. The first technique works only with the reduced system of index one or zero. The others incorporate, in the reduced system, restrictions that appear after the index reduction through the introduction of new error monitoring variables. The index reduction process is accomplished in a structural form based on the graph theory, and the numerical integration is carried out by the prediction-correction method using back-differentiation formulas. The comparison among the techniques is base on experimental results, showing the advantages of the technique that uses the new error monitoring variables in the integral form.


The first sympathectomy was performed by Alexander in 1889 to treat epilepsy. Over the years, this procedure has been used by countless doctors to treat conditions such as exophthalmos, ischemic lesions due to arterial obstructions, scleroderma, epigastric paralysis, among others (). The surgical approach involves resection of the cervical ganglia, inevitably resulting in Horner's Syndrome, which is a combination of signs and symptoms caused by the rupture of a nerve pathway from the brain to the face and eyes, affecting [...]


To investigate the effects of heavy strength training on the mean power output in a 5‐min all‐out trial following 185 min of submaximal cycling at 44% of maximal aerobic power output in well‐trained cyclists. Twenty well‐trained cyclists were assigned to either usual endurance training combined with heavy strength training [E+S; n=11 (♂=11)] or to usual endurance training only [E; n=9 (♂=7, ♀=2)]. The strength training performed by E+S consisted of four lower body exercises [3 × 4–10 repetition maximum (RM)], which were performed twice a week for 12 weeks. E+S increased 1 RM in half‐squat (P≤0.001), while no change occurred in E. E+S led to greater reductions than E in oxygen consumption, heart rate, blood lactate concentration, and rate of perceived exertion (P<0.05) during the last hour of the prolonged cycling. Further, E+S increased the mean power output during the 5‐min all‐out trial (from 371 ± 9 to 400 ± 13 W, P<0.05), while no change occurred in E. In conclusion, adding strength training to usual endurance training improves leg strength and 5‐min all‐out performance following 185 min of cycling in well‐trained cyclists.


Hypermagnesaemia is an uncommon electrolyte disorder which can be fatal if not recognised and treated promptly. The signs and symptoms of hypermagnesaemia are non‐specific, making it an under‐diagnosed cause of cardiovascular dysfunction, hypocalcaemia, and neurological and respiratory depression. Since magnesium homeostasis is handled almost exclusively by the kidneys, symptomatic hypermagnesaemia seldom occurs in the context of normal renal function; when it does, it is usually iatrogenic. Here, we report a case of iatrogenic hypermagnesaemia which presented as respiratory depression, preventing weaning from mechanical ventilation following cardiac surgery in a patient in the early stages of chronic kidney disease. On investigation he was found to have isolated severe hypermagnesaemia, following an intravenous bolus of magnesium sulphate administered intra‐operatively to treat tachyarrhythmia. Before administering intravenous magnesium therapeutically, it is important for clinicians to assess renal function and baseline serum magnesium along with other possible risk factors for hypermagnesaemia, and to actively look for signs and symptoms of magnesium toxicity when the patient is receiving therapeutic magnesium.


This study examines the extent to which managers from countries around the world provide disaggregated forecasts (i.e., forecasts containing projections of multiple key performance measures) and also investigates which performance measure managers tend to forecast the most in different countries. In addition, this study also examines whether and to what extent the perceived informativeness of disaggregated forecasts and the different forecast items vary with the legal regime related to investor protection of a country. Using a comprehensive dataset hand-collected from the original text of management forecasts from 30 countries, we find that managers are generally less (more) inclined to issue disaggregated forecasts and forecasts containing projections on future sales and income from continuing operations in countries with a stronger (weaker) legal environment, although such forecasts are (are not) perceived to be more informative in these countries. Overall, our results suggest that while providing more disaggregated forecasts and the choice of forecast items represent important mechanisms through which managers can enhance the perceived informativeness of their forecasts, the resulting outcome and the incentives for issuing such forecasts are affected by both the costs and benefits associated with voluntary disclosure in different countries.


The efficiency of in vitro regeneration of four clones of Populus euramericana, Canada blanc, Eugenii, I-45/51, and Wisconsin #5, was examined. Cytokinins and the combinations with auxins affected the rate of regeneration from the explants of root segments, stem internodes, and leaf discs. Overall, BA and the combination with auxins were effective in root segments and leaf discs of the Canada blanc clone, whereas zeatin and the combination with auxins were important in stem internodes of the Wisconsin #5 clone. The highest number of shoots averaging 17.6 ± 0.47 from root segments in the Canada blanc clone, 18.2 ± 3.0 from stem internodes in the Wisconsin #5 clone, and 17.8 ± 1.92 from leaf discs in the Canada blanc clone were obtained with 2.0 ㎎/l BA, 2.0 ㎎/l zeatin combined with 0.2 ㎎/l IAA, and 0.5 ㎎/l BA combined with 0.05 ㎎/l 2,4-D, respectively. In particular, the addition of 2,4-D into cytokinin medium promoted shoot proliferation.


This study seeks to examine the impact of the implementation of manage- rial strategies undertaken by principals on the achievement of principals' quality. Managerial strategies in this study are measured into three strat- egies: 1) the effectiveness of school management, 2) strengthening the competence of graduates, 3) empowering teachers and staff. This re- search using quantitative research and sample in this study SMK Negeri 1 Semparuk through panel data regression analysis. The results showed that managerial strategy signif- icantly influenced the achievement of school quality. The effectiveness of school management strategies has a significantly positive effect on school quality outcomes, strategy of strengthening the competencies of gradu- ates and empowering teachers and staff has no significant effect on the achievement of school quality. As a recom- mendation, school principals should encourage graduate competencies through empowering teachers and staff to be actively involved so that school quality can be achieved.