The determinant that determines the high level of development of the social sphere in the region is the quality of the infrastructure for children's recreation. It is obvious that the effective functioning of enterprises and organizations that provide services to ensure a full life, protect the health of children, meet their social needs, is possible if there are measures of state support. The sudden appearance and rapid spread of coronavirus infection (COVID-19) around the world, including on the territory of the Russian state, destabilized the process of exercising the powers of state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and local governments to implement guarantees of children's rights in the Russian Federation. This is, first of all, about preserving the infrastructure of children's recreation, ensuring timely co-financing of entities that provide social services for organizing children's tourism. Of no small importance is the possible transformation of ownership rights to objects of children's social infrastructure used for recreation and prevention of children's health. Ultimately, the quality of human capital is established in childhood, which postulates the social orientation of the activities of state and municipal authorities. Identification and analysis of problems arising in the context of a pandemic and hindering the effective development of the children's recreation industry in the region necessitates amending the existing regulatory legal acts, as well as the development of measures aimed at adapting the existing social infrastructure to the prevailing epidemiological conditions.


This paper discusses the design of an experimental‐model formant vocoder that employs partial spectral‐pattern‐matching for the tentative identification of the formants of each short‐time spectrum. The speech signal is converted to a sequence of short‐time spectra by means of a 55‐channel bank of bandpass filters and a sequential sampling switch operating at 100 short‐time spectra per second. All of the formantlike energy distributions of each short‐time spectrum are identified by matching the spectrum against a set of standard formant patterns. From this set of potential formants, three are selected by rules and are identified as formants one, two, and three. The data describing the three formant frequencies, intensities, and excitation are transmitted to a parallel‐formant type of synthesizer. A tape demonstration of the system is presented. [This work was supported by the U. S. Army Electronics Research and Development Laboratory, Fort Monmouth, N. J., and General Dynamics Electronics.]


Ferritin, the iron storing protein, is known to darken T2‐weighted MRI. This darkening can be used to non‐invasively measure iron content. However, ferritin's behavior is not the same in tissue as in solution, a discrepancy that remains unexplained by the recently developed theory matching the NMR properties of ferritin solutions. A better understanding of the relaxation induced by ferritin in tissue could help for the development of new MRI protocols of iron quantification. In this short review, the main relaxation properties of ferritin in solution and in tissue are presented together with a discussion of the possible reasons for the faster transverse relaxation observed in tissues. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The visit by A. W. Franks of the British Museum to the Irish Industrial Exhibition in Dublin in 1853 gave him the opportunity to assess the holdings of Irish antiquarian material displayed there. This soon led to purchases for the museum. The collections that most interested him are discussed here, along with another, long known to William Ridgeway, who eventually bought it on behalf of the Cambridge Antiquarian Society.


The successive CPC top leaders have all advocated the proletarian view of the people and drafted their policies accordingly.The first generation of leaders with Mao Ze-dong as the core laid emphasis on "serving the people".The second generation of leaders with Deng Xiao-ping as the core emphasized "the three criteria".The third generation of leaders with Jiang Ze-min as the core gave priority to "three represents".And the new generation of leaders headed by Hu Jin-tao attach great importance to "everything for the people".


Anglo Saxon, but for a student of modern literature a look is enough. To read Chaucer and Wiclif it is not essential to have Anglo Saxon forms in mind. One had much better give his time to the great writers of the last five centuries. It is desirable, however, that the English grammar that one does study should be genuinely scientific. This condition is emphatically not fulfilled by the books that are most accessible in English. One will not go far astray who limits himself to the books of Morris, Earle, and Sweet.


Co-Mn-Al mixed oxides promoted by potassium are known as active catalysts for the direct decomposition of nitric oxide (NO). In this study, the answer to the following question has been considered: does the presence of cerium in K-promoted Co-Mn-Al catalysts substantially affect the physical-chemical properties, activity, and stability in direct NO decomposition? The Co-Mn-Al, Co-Mn-Al-Ce, and Co-Mn-Al-Ce-K mixed oxide catalysts were prepared by the precipitation of corresponding metal nitrates with a solution of Na2CO3/NaOH, followed by the washing of the precipitate and calcination. Two other catalysts were prepared by impregnation of the Ce-containing catalysts with Co and Co+K nitrates. After calcination, the solids were characterized by chemical analysis, XRD, N2 physisorption, FTIR, temperature-programmed reduction, CO2 and O2 desorption (H2-TPR, CO2-TPD, O2-TPD), and X-ray photoelectron spectrometry (XPS). Cerium and especially potassium occurring in the catalysts affected the basicity, reducibility, and surface concentration of active components. Adding cerium itself did not contribute to the increase in catalytic activity, whereas the addition of cerium and potassium did. Catalytic activity in direct NO decomposition depended on combinations of both reducibility and the amount of stronger basic sites determined in the catalysts. Therefore, the increase in cobalt concentration itself in the Co-Mn-Al mixed oxide catalyst does not determine the achievement of high catalytic activity in direct NO decomposition.


Multi-arm clinical trials use a single control arm to evaluate multiple experimental treatments. In most cases this feature makes multi-arm studies considerably more efficient than two-arm studies that evaluate single experimental treatments. A bottleneck for implementation is the requirement that experimental treatments need to be available at the enrollment of the first patient. New drugs are rarely at the same stage of development. Moreover multi-arm designs may delay the clinical evaluation of new treatments. These limitations motivate our study of statistical methods for adding new experimental arms after a clinical trial started enrolling patients. We consider both balanced and outcome-adaptive randomization for experimental designs that allow investigators to add new arms, discuss their application in a tuberculosis trial, and evaluate the proposed experimental designs using a set of realistic simulation scenarios. Our comparisons include two-arm randomized designs, multi-arm studies and the proposed class of designs with new experimental arms added at different time points to the clinical study.


The results are reported of a Delphi forecast of the utilization and social impacts of large-scale educational telecommunications technology. The focus is on both forecasting methodology and educational technology. The various methods of forecasting used by futurists are analyzed from the perspective of the most appropriate method for a prognosticator of educational technology, and review and critical analysis are presented of previous forecasts and studies. Graphic responses, summarized comments, and a scenario of education in 1990 are presented.


1. Postgraduate in Department of Cardiology, Kurnool Medical College, Kurnool, A.P. 2. Assistant professor Department of Cardiology, Kurnool Medical College, Kurnool, A.P. 3. Professor and Head of the Department, Kurnool Medical College, Kurnool, A.P. ...................................................................................................................... Manuscript Info Abstract ......................... ........................................................................ Manuscript History Received: 06 February 2019 Final Accepted: 08 March 2019 Published: April 2019


324 Background: Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN) of the pancreas has been increasingly recognized. Due to a paucity of evidence, the management and treatment of IPMN is still under debate. We hypothesize that with increased awareness, the incidence and resection rates for IPMN would increase. Using a population-based cancer registry, we examined incidence, prognostic factors, and survival for IPMN. Methods: Patients diagnosed with invasive IPMN from 1988 to 2009 were identified by the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Patient demographics, clinical and pathologic factors, and therapies received (surgery and/or radiation) were analyzed. Survival was assessed by Kaplan-Meier method; Cox proportional hazard modeling was used for multivariate analysis. Results: 2,987 patients were identified. Over the study period, there was a decrease in age-adjusted incidence. The overall resection rate was 20.6% with an increase in annual rates of resection. On univariate analysis, ...


Flow tube reactors are employed to study gas-phase atmospheric chemistry and secondary organic aerosol formation. A new laminar flow tube reactor, the Caltech PhotoOxidation flow Tube (CPOT), has been designed with the aim of achieving a well-characterized fluid dynamic and residence time environment. We present here the design and fluid dynamical characterization of the CPOT, based on the fundamental behavior of vapor molecules and particles in the reactor. The design of the inlet of the CPOT, which was based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations, comprises a static mixer and a 5 conical diffuser to facilitate rapid development of the characteristic laminar flow parabolic profile. A CFD laminar flow model is developed to simulate the residence time distribution (RTD) of vapor molecules and particles in the CPOT. To assess the extent to which the actual performance adheres to the theoretical CFD model, RTD experiments were conducted with O3 and sub-micrometer ammonium sulfate particles. The measured RTD profiles do not strictly adhere to theory, owing to slightly non-isothermal conditions in the reactor, which lead to secondary flows. Introducing an enhanced eddy-like diffusivity for 10 the vapor molecules and particles in the laminar flow model significantly improves the model-experiment agreement. These characterization experiments, in addition to the idealized computational behavior, provide a basis on which to evaluate the performance of the CPOT as a chemical reactor.


The present invention relates to a filtration system and method capable of minimizing the heat energy required for the cleaning and at the same time maximize the cleaning effect by heating only the membrane area at the time of holding the cleaning or recovery cleaning of the filtration membrane to concentrate and significantly reduce the cleaning time , the filtration system of the present invention, a membrane module containing a filtration membrane; Air supply means for the rinsing of the filtration membrane; And a heater for heating the air supplied from the air supply means. Filtration, washing


Various aspects of migration patterns and future migration policy in the USSR are examined. Three processes are noted: population movement to the underdeveloped eastern and northern regions uninterrupted movement of rural inhabitants to the cities and intensification of urbanization and growth of suburbs. These processes raise several questions of planned growth involving the limits of natural resources the required level of economic and social services and genetic and ethnic issues. (summary in ENG) (ANNOTATION)


Making the college professional ethics education equal to the normal professional ethics education is a breach of the holy value tropism of the college ethics education,and thus causes the contradiction between "should-be" and "it is" in college professional ethics education.The uniqueness of college professional ethics education will be revealed after making a new survey of the college professional ethics education under existentialism and switching the education mode from criterion restriction to significance guiding.These will cause the conflict to be syncretized.


This work explores performance vs. communication energy tradeoffs in wireless sensor networks that use the recently proposed cutset deployment strategy in which sensors are placed densely along a grid of intersecting lines. For a given number of sensors, intersensor spacing is less for a cutset network than for a conventional lattice deployment, so that cutset networks require less communication energy, albeit with some potential loss in network performance. Previous work analyzed the energy-performance tradeoffs for square-grid cutset networks in the context of specific decentralized algorithms for source localization based on received signal strength (RSS). The current work also considers the RSS based source localization problem. However, it takes a more fundamental approach to analyzing the tradeoff by considering a centralized task, minimum energy communication paths, Maximum Likelihood estimation algorithms and Cramér-Rao bounds. Moreover, it analyzes triangular and honeycomb cutset deployments, in addition to square-grid ones. The results indicate that cutset networks offer sizable decreases in energy with only modest losses of performance.


Let $\mathscr{B}_0({\mathcal{G}})\subseteq k\,{\mathcal{G}}$ be the principal block algebra of the group algebra $k\,{\mathcal{G}}$ of an infinitesimal group scheme ${\mathcal{G}}$ over an algebraically closed field $k$ of characteristic ${\operatorname{char}}(k)=:p\geq 3$. We calculate the restricted Lie algebra structure of the first Hochschild cohomology ${\mathcal{L}}:={\operatorname{H}}^1(\mathscr{B}_0({\mathcal{G}}),\mathscr{B}_0({\mathcal{G}}))$ whenever $\mathscr{B}_0({\mathcal{G}})$ has finite representation type. As a consequence, we prove that the complexity of the trivial ${\mathcal{G}}$-module $k$ coincides with the maximal toral rank of ${\mathcal{L}}$.


The article attempts to assess the contribution of B.N. Mironov's monograph "The Russian Empire: From Tradition to Modernity" to historiography. The author has reviewed other books by Mironov. While the reviewer's assessment is positive overall, a number of points defended by the author call for a rejoinder. The reviewer agrees with the main idea of the book: there was no permanent crisis and impoverishment of the working population in the history of imperial Russia in the 18th to the beginning of 20th centuries. On the contrary, there was some progress and achievements in terms of modernization. The revolutions in the beginning of the 20th century must be explained through other reasons. Credit undoubtedly belongs to Mironov for proof of this thesis. In such an approach, the Russian past appears more complicated and realistic than in many of the preceding investigations by Russian as well as by foreign scholars. An interesting feature of Mironov's approach is historical optimism, that is, an interpretation of Russian historical evolution as successful. However, sometimes this optimism seems excessive. Key observations are the following. First, overcoming one extreme (the permanent crisis in Russia), Mironov, to some extent, ends up at another extreme – an underestimation of those social and cultural problems in Russian society that stimulated the revolutionary climate. Second, there is an overestimation of the role of the intelligentsia as an agent of revolution, its characteristics are excessively negative, and there is an underestimation of the impulse to protest from below and the popular character of the Russian revolution of 1917. Third, despite a number of interesting ideas concerning the process of modernization in Russia, Mironov identifies this modernization with Westernization ("Europeanization"). But the author himself rightly demonstrates the difference between Russian and European civilizational values. This discrepancy become one of the reasons for the Russian Revolution. However, even these disagreements with Mironov's point of view attest to the creative character of his book and its great significance for our historical scholarship.


Thin-film processes are ubiquitous in photovoltaics research and are increasingly incorporated into high-throughput experimentation (HTE) equipment. However, HTE is limited by the slowest steps, and accurate thickness measurements have emerged as a bottleneck. This study demonstrates rapid yet accurate thin-film thickness extraction by leveraging machine learning (ML) in combination with non-destructive optical measurements (UV-Vis). We achieve 86.9% accuracy of thickness prediction within 10-percentage-error bounds on simulated data.


Objectives: This study examined the current assessment practices of clinicians working with people with social cognition impairment following traumatic brain injury. Method: Two hundred and sixty clinicians completed an on-line survey that was disseminated through professional brain injury organisations. Of respondents around 90% were allied health clinicians, with the remainder comprising medical, nursing and academia. Main outcomes: The four areas of social cognition that were routinely assessed across the disciplines were insight, disinhibition, anger and social adjustment. The least routinely assessed areas were theory of mind and alexithymia. The test suggested most likely to identify social cognition impairments was The Awareness of Social Inference Test, although only 8% of clinicians responded to this question. Clinicians preferred informal assessment methods over standardised assessment methods for identifying social cognition rehabilitation goals. Higher levels of education were associated with greater use of standardised assessment modalities. Whilst there was paucity of responses overall, TBI Express was most commonly used for social cognition rehabilitation. Conclusions: Considering the high prevalence of social cognition impairments in this population, formal assessment is extremely limited. The under-utilisation of assessment tools is problematic for the assessment and rehabilitation initiatives offered to people with TBI. These results have implications for the training of clinicians working in brain injury rehabilitation.


Multiple myeloma (MM) is a neoplastic disorder characterized by accumulation of slowly-proliferating clonal plasma cells. OSU-HDAC42 [a.k.a. (S)-HDAC-42] is a novel histone deacetylase inhibitor that induces apoptosis in various types of cancer cells and is being developed as an anti-cancer therapy in the NCI Rapid Access to Intervention Therapy (RAID) program. In this study, we tested the in vitro activity of OSU-HDAC42 against human MM cells. OSU-HDAC42 induced myeloma cell death, with an LC 50 of less than 1.6μM after 48 hours in the four cell lines tested - U266, IM-9, RPMI 8226 and ARH-77 using the MTT assay. OSU-HDAC42 induced cleavage of caspases 3, 8 and 9, as well as polyADP-ribose polymerase (PARP). Addition of the pan-caspase inhibitor Q-VD-OPH before exposure to the drug prevented apoptosis at 48 hours, as determined by Annexin V/propidium iodide staining. These results indicate that OSU-HDAC42 induced apoptosis by a mainly caspase-dependent manner. Bax expression was up-regulated at 24 and 48 hours, while Bcl-2 remains relatively constant. Mcl-1 showed increasing cleavage at increasing doses of OSU-HDAC42. These findings support a mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis. Cell cycle suppressor proteins p21WAF1/CIP1 and p16 were also significantly induced after treatment with the drug, suggesting that OSU-HDAC42 may also acts on pathways to halt cell cycle progression. In addition, the gp130 (signal-transducing) subunit of the IL-6 receptor was down-regulated by OSU-HDAC42 exposure. The tyrosine-phosphorylated form of STAT3, which is phosphorylated by dimerized gp130, was also dramatically reduced following incubation with OSU-HDAC42, supporting the finding that gp130 expression is diminished. As IL-6 is an important growth and survival factor for MM cells, down-regulation of gp130 may be an important mechanism for the activity of OSU-HDAC42 against MM cells. TRAIL, FasL, XIAP, and p53 expression were not affected by OSU-HDAC42. While other HDAC inhibitors have been shown to activate the death receptor pathway or down-regulate XIAP, this was not observed with OSU-HDAC42 in myeloma cells. In conclusion, OSU-HDAC42 has in vitro activity against myeloma cells and acts via activation of caspases, inducing the cell cycle suppressors p21 WAF1/CIP1 and p16, as well as interfering with the IL-6 signal transduction pathway.


A new kind of 5 at% Yb‐doped Lu0.5Y0.5PO4 crystals were firstly grown by spontaneously nucleated high‐temperature solution method using lead pyrophosphate (Pb2P2O7) as the solvent. The X‐ray powder diffraction (XRPD) patterns recorded at room temperature showed the crystals possessed tetragonal xenotime structure. The polarized absorption spectra and the fluorescence spectra of Yb:LuxY1‐xPO4 were measured at room temperature, respectively. The results show that Yb:LuxY1‐xPO4 mixed crystal will be a promising laser material if the crystal size and quality is further improved.


A system (10) of placing an implantable lead (20) stimulation of tissue in a patient (60) comprising: a device (18) monitoring for a measurement indicative of coupling efficiency between the cable (20 ) stimulation of tissue and tissue to a location; a system (48) configured for tracking track the location of the cable (20) tissue stimulation relative to an anatomical reference (62); and an external device (42) control configured to generate information coupling efficiency depending on the measurement device (18) monitoring, for generating tracking information based on the location of the cable (20) tissue stimulation, and visually representing the same time information coupling efficiency and tracking information to the user visually representing the cable (20) tissue stimulation relative to the anatomical reference (62), and visually representing information coupling efficiency the location of the cable (20) stimulation represented visually, the cable (20) tissue stimulation to be placed in the epidural space (66) of the patient (60), the tissue is located in the epidural space (66) being configured and the measurement is indicative of the coupling efficiency between the cable (20) tissue stimulation and tissue in the epidural space (6 6).


The dissipated effective kinetic energy in the refrigeration cycle can be recovered by using a two phase ejector. The performance of the two phase ejector depends on the mixing characteristics of the droplets with the large inertia and the relatively light gas. It is important for designing the two phase ejector to know characteristics of the two phase flows in it. In this study, two-dimensional differential equations in the mixing section and the diffuser of a two phase ejector are solved numerically. The calculated energy conversion efficiency which is used to evaluate the performance of the ejectors is in good agreement with experimental one using a refrigerant R134a. The effciency obtained by the present experimental study is about 35% which is lower than that for the single phase ejector. But, this efficiency would be increased by the development of the nozzle.


IN THE fall of ig95, the American Association of Collegiate Schools of Business sponsored a Conference on "Professional Education for Business: Faculty Requirements and Standards." The Ford Foundation picked up the check. One section of the report which the Conference produced gave projections of future student enrollments and of the number of qualified faculty which would be available to teach these students. This data can be summarized simply: There will not be nearly enough qualified persons to fill the faculty openings arising from the greatly increased student bodies which schools of business, like other branches of higher education, expect to serve five, ten, or fifteen years hence. There was nothing new or surprising in these statistical projections. Nor was there anything surprising about the composition of the Conference. There were thirty-five academic administrators, mostly deans, sixteen persons from outside academic life-about half from business firms, half from the foundations-and eleven professors. Even for a conference on " Faculty Requirements and Standards" it was not felt necessary to give faculty members more than eleven representatives out of sixty-two. At that, this is probably a better ratio than the usual conference on the future problems of higher education. The public is hearing more and more about these problems, but it is hearing mostly from university administrators, government officials, business leaders, and journalists. It seldom occurs to anyone to ask college faculties what they think about them. Many academic administrators began their careers as teachers in college but this does not ensure that they accurately reflect faculty thinking today. Administrators who rise (or fall, depending upon one's point of view) from the ranks of the faculty to the status of college deans or presidents pass through a selection process, and there is no reason to suppose that the result of this process is a random sample of all faculty members. When former faculty members have been for some years in administrative posts, they are likely to think like administrators rather than teachers. This difference in approach is apt to be wide when considering the number of students. Most faculty members view an increasing number of students in terms of larger classes, more papers to mark, less personal contact with students, more


BACKGROUND: Studies were conducted to measure the state of the United States' national blood resource in 1992 and changes therein from 1989.


4-year-old girl, presented in October 2016 with scleroatrophy of the right upper limb evolving for 1 year and 5 months having started with a single plate of shiny sclerous aspect at the posterior surface of the right wrist extending towards the entire limb. She had no history of fever, trauma, medication, or any exposure to chemicals or radiation. Clinical examination found an extensive sclerotic plaque of the whole upper limb, dyschromic in places, with stiffness and fixation of all joints of the right upper limb and atrophy of all muscles of the same limb (Figs. 1a and 1b). She had no muscle damage, no Raynaud's phenomenon, no respiratory or gastrointestinal involvement. The clinical picture was suggestive of a pansclerotic morphea. We carried out an immunological assessment which showed anti-nuclear antibody positive at 400. Radiological examination of the affected limb showed soft tissue atrophy and thinning of the long bone diameter compared on the normal side. We put the patient on steroids 1.5 mg/kg/day with methotrexate 7.5 mg/ week with regular physical therapy sessions for 1 year with no improvement.


Along with larger numbers of living kidney donors have come better techniques for reducing donor discomfort and improving donor recovery. Two popular


Application writing plays an extremely important role in people's social life. It has an important realistic significance that improve the application writing ability of college students majoring in science and Engineering, for the development of the times and social progress, and for the students' learning and life, jobs and work etc. Combining with the current situation of the writing ability of college students majoring in science and engineering and its causation, the paper suggests that, curriculum arrangement, classroom teaching and active settings etc. could improve the application writing ability.


The study of the intersection of Islamic law with customary law in the legislation texts of the Islamic kingdoms in the Indonesian Archipelago is intended to describe the flexibility of Islamic law when it meets customary law, and vice versa. This research is a comparative study between the laws that were made into the sultanate law in the archipelago in the 16-18 century AD. The nature of Islamic law is believed to have the ability to adapt (legal adaptability) with other laws. One theory that can strengthen this statement is the existence of one of the five major principles in the science of Usul al-Fiqh, namely "al-ʻadāh al-muhakamah" which means that customs can be used as a legal basis. Ibn al-Qayyim also introduced the rule of "taghayyur al-fatwā bi taghayyur al-azminah", meaning changes in fatwas due to changes in time. These principles reinforce the flexibility of Islamic law. By taking some examples from articles from the Malacca law, the Simbur Tjahaya Act of the Palembang Sultanate, the Jambi Customary Law, the Sultan Adam Law on the Banjar Sultanate, the Martabat Tujuh Law for the Buton Sultanate and the Baraja Niti Kutai Law Kartanegara, it was found that the intersection between Islamic law and customary law was seen in these laws, which were complementary, and there was no tension.


The thematic guided tours at Porta Posnania ICHOT which present the heritage of Cathedral Island in Poznan, are an alternative form of visiting its main exhibition. In contrast to the holistic main narrative, dedicated to first time visitors, they can be classified as selective or alternative tours. They allow the interpreter to deepen some aspect of the exhibition according to chosen thematic key. The article presents the profile of a typical recipient (most often local resident who already knows some history of the place), as well as the motivations to create such scripts. There are indicated common features of the scripts, such as interpretative theme which allows to organize the information and make references to it during the narration. Selected scripts are divided into several groups(biographical, anniversary, holiday or topographic), depending on the nature of discussed phenomenon or main motive. In each group there are discussed some interpretation methods, selected and characteristic for the script, as well as technical possibilities of adapting the story to the exhibition framework. The article also offers the advantages of thematic tours for the institution, its recipients and interpreters themselves.


A small-scale Hybridized Solar PV-AC Grid (HSPVACG) power system has been developed to operate along with AC grid. This system consists of a photovoltaic, array installed on the rooftop, a hybrid power controller (HPC) and an inverter. This newly developed (HPC) works in such a way that for a particular predetermined load the maximum available solar power is utilized and the remaining power is drawn from the AC grid. By placing the HSPVACG on the rooftop, we can avoid the use of land that is scare and expensive. Moreover the roof in the metropolitan city of Delhi is flat, which implies that system can be placed in such a way so as to get maximum output from the PV modules. The load requirement and the power flow are continuously monitored. The power generated from solar panels is given preference over grid power such that the sum of the two powers equals to the required total load for the utilization of maximum solar power. This HSPVACG power system is best suited for operation during the daytime however a battery backup of twohour duration can be incorporated for operation beyond sunshine. The system provides optimum economical use of solar PV power with a lot environmental benefits especially in an urban sector.


While host stress in vertebrate populations has often been linked to outbreaks of epidemics, which are attributed to the immuno-compromise of the stressed hosts, no predictions have been made about the response of invertebrate host populations to stressful conditions. Experiments conducted on individual invertebrate hosts, however, suggest that starved hosts may be a poor resource for parasites and that heavily infected old hosts may be more susceptible to stress, causing parasite populations to decline when their host population faces food shortages. In this epidemiological experiment, we exposed infected and uninfected Daphnia magna populations, which had been kept for many generations under a constant high food supply, to reduced food resources. Using the microsporidian gut parasite Glugoides intestinalis, which is exclusively horizontally transmitted, we tracked changes in parasite and host population size as well as host body length to elucidate how food shortages for the hosts influence host and parasite population dynamics. In both infected and uninfected populations, food shortage led to an approximately equal reduction in host density and changes in host body length distribution. Large hosts suffered a higher mortality than smaller hosts, which significantly reduced the mean body length in the host populations; however, this change was stronger in the infected populations and went hand-in-hand with a reduction in parasite spore load (a measure of intensity of infection) and prevalence. This effect disappeared after six weeks of food shortage, when the populations reached a new equilibrium. Our results indicate that in this system food stress impairs parasite spread and that host mortality is an important factor in regulating parasite abundance at the population level.


A systematic method for fault diagnosis of steam-turbine generator sets based on the combination of wavelet neural networks and particle swarm optimization is presented. Using the model of wavelet neural networks, we can not only extract the features of system but also predict the development of the fault. The features are applied to the proposed wavelet neural network and the fault patterns are classified. Unlike conventional back propagation training algorithms, the particle swarm optimization does not require gradient information and can provide a stochastic optimal search. It can improve the train speed of the wavelet neural network and can increase the real-time performance of the system. At last, the hybrid method is applied in the fault diagnosis of steam turbine generators


Since the launch of Sputnik in 1957, governments and commercial companies have placed thousands of satellites in orbit around the Earth. Most of them have long since burned up reentering the atmosphere or disintegrated into space debris. Today, there are over 16,000 active satellites and debris objects in the public catalog of tracked objects. The region of space near Earth in which satellites orbit is so large – extending out 22,200 miles for commercial satellites – that one might believe a collision of orbiting spacecraft would be impossible. For example, communications satellites are typically spaced a degree apart more than 700 km. That would be the same as parking one minibus-sized satellite in Washington, DC and the next in Ottawa. But some satellites are spaced significantly closer, and in fact the International Telecommunications Union (ITU) does not ensure there is any such separation. And as every statistitian knows, there is a big difference between a highly improbable event and an impossible event. Just three years ago, a satellite operated by Iridium Communications for the company's global communication network collided with an uncontrolled Russian spacecraft that had been out of service since 1995. The collision, 490 miles above Siberia, produced over 2,000 pieces of debris larger than 10 centimeters (3.9 inches) in diameter, each one large enough to destroy any orbiting satellite in its path.1 Managing Risk in Space


Preface Introduction 1. Quartic surfaces with isolated singular points 2. Desmic surfaces 3. Quartic surfaces with a double conic 4. Quartic surfaces with a nodal conic and additional nodes 5. The cyclide 6. Surfaces with a double line: Plucker's surface 7. Quartic surfaces with an infinite number of conics: Steiner's surface: the quartic monoid 8. The general theory of rational quartic surfaces 9. Determinant surfaces Index of subjects Index of authors.


There is an increasing need for high-quality software components. Reusable components and formal specifications are two complementary and promising approaches to achieve this goal. One method for enhancing the reusability of existing components is generalization that creates generic components by parameterizing specific ones. Generalization and instantiation are two methods related respectively to the development for reuse and development with reuse. Generalization, that is the abstraction of existing components, identifies commonalities across a class of entities, while instantiation customizes the general properties under different circumstances. In this paper, we present several generalization and instantiation algorithms for algebraic specifications. A major difficulty during the generalization process is determining the appropriate level of generality. Highly specific components have little chance of being reused. Meanwhile, if a component is too general, its reuse might also be hard. Therefore, we introduce a novel method based on the categorized constructors to control the level of abstraction in generic components with the goal of producing effective reusable components. Through a medium-scale example, the generalization and instantiation operations are illustrated in detail.


Abstract With the continued rise in cases of COVID-19 and the increased availability of vaccines, it is essential to recognize the drivers of vaccine uptake. A large vaccine choice organization often uses social media platforms, specifically Facebook, to communicate messages to their audience. This study examined this organization's Facebook posts between January 1, 2020 and May 1, 2020 to determine what themes and sub-themes were most often discussed regarding COVID-19. Three independent reviewers used an inductive approach with content analysis to code and analyze 35 posts relevant to COVID-19. Ten themes and eight subthemes emerged. Personal freedoms was the most prevalent theme, followed by vaccine safety and private/government involvement. Though some of the themes and sub-themes were uniquely associated with the COVID-19 pandemic, many were similar to the vaccine uptake factors identified for other vaccines. With the increasing usage of social media for information, the investigation of online forums can provide insight into the determinants which may impact COVID-19 vaccine uptake. These findings may be generalized to guide interventions to increase vaccine acceptance and distribution of other novel vaccines within the general population.


In this paper, a methodology for sleep apnea detection based on ECG signal analysis using Hilbert transform is proposed. The proposed work comprises a sequential procedure of preprocessing, QRS complex detection using Hilbert Transform, feature extraction from the detected QRS complex and the feature reduction using principal component analysis (PCA). Finally, the classification of the ECG signal recordings has been done using two different artificial neural networks (ANN), one trained with Levenberg-Marquardt (LM) algorithm and the other trained with Scaled Conjugate Gradient (SCG) method guided by K means clustering. The result of classification of the input ECG record is as either belonging to Apnea or Normal category. The performance measures of classification using the two classification algorithms are compared. The experimental results indicate that the SCG algorithm guided by K means clustering (ANN-SCG) has outperformed the LM algorithm (ANN-LM) by attaining accuracy, sensitivity and specificity values as 99.2%, 96% and 97% respectively, besides the saving achieved in terms of reduced number of principal components. Profiling time and mean square error of the ANN classifier trained with SCG algorithm is significantly reduced by 58% and 83%, respectively, as compared to LM algorithm.


Covids are wrapped, positive single-abandoned RNA infections generally circulated in people and creatures around the world. Albeit most human Covid diseases are gentle, significant flare-ups of two betacoronaviruses, serious intense respiratory condition Covid (SARS-CoV) in 2002–2003 and Middle East respiratory disorder Covid (MERS-CoV) in 2012, have caused destructive pneumonia, with death paces of 10% for SARS-CoV and 36% for MERS-CoV [1]. Albeit the pathophysiological systems are as yet not comprehended, it has been seen that generally serious and deadly cases with COVID-19 have happened in the old or in patients with fundamental comorbidities, especially CVDs, diabetes mellitus, persistent lung and renal sickness, hypertension, and disease [2]. Diabetes and uncontrolled glycaemia were accounted for as huge indicators of seriousness and passings in patients tainted with various infections, including the 2009 pandemic flu A (H1N1), SARSCoV and MERS-CoV. Disease of SARSCoV-2 in those with diabetes perhaps triggers higher pressure conditions, with more prominent arrival of hyperglycemic chemicals, e.g., glucocorticoids and catecholamine's, prompting expanded blood glucose levels and strange glucose fluctuation. Hypoglycemia has been appeared to activate favorable to incendiary monocytes and increment platelet reactivity, adding to a higher cardiovascular mortality in patients with diabetes. However it remains generally obscure how precisely the provocative and insusceptible reaction happens in these patients just as whether hyper or hypoglycemia may adjust the SARS-CoV-2 destructiveness, or the actual infection meddles with insulin emission or glycemic control.


The utility model discloses an anti-cold bridge access door of an air conditioning cabinet, which comprises a door frame and a door sheet assembled on the door frame, wherein the door frame is arranged on the cabinet body and comprises a door frame 1 and a door frame 2; a sealing strip 1 and a sealing strip 2 are embedded and adhered between the door frame 1 and the cabinet body and between the door frame 2 and the cabinet body respectively; the door frame 2 has a door frame ring slot in which a sealing strip 3 is embedded and adhered; the door sheet comprises a door sheet large frame, a door sheet small frame and a thermal insulation plate clamped between the door sheet large frame and the door sheet small frame; a door sheet ring slot matched with the door frame ring slot is formed on the lateral side of the door sheet; and a sealing strip 4 is embedded and adhered in the door sheet ring slot. The anti-cold bridge access door of the air conditioning cabinet has a good sealing effect, can well cut off the cold and heat transfer between the inside and outside of equipment and can be arranged in an inward open type or outward open type according to actual needs.


Article history Received: 3 July 2020 Accepted: 3 July 2020 Published Online: 30 July 2020 This paper takes the specific characteristics of pulverized coal room in thermal power plant as the starting point, firstly, this paper analyzes the process layout and structure selection, and then the structural design and vibration design requirements of coal crusher house are introduced in this paper. Finally, based on the engineering example, a new structure form of vibration isolation design is creatively proposed, which provides a new design idea for the practical engineering design.


High-voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission has been in the past, and will be also in the future, widely applied in case that large amounts of electrical energy have to be transferred over long distance. However, the suitability of HVDC transmission depends also on the strength of the AC system. One of the various measures to achieve stable operation of HVDC converters connected to weak AC grids is the use of grid-forming control. The paper presents the results of a comparative analysis between three methods of grid-forming control and their applicability in a converter-based generation dominated HVAC network. After performing several EMT studies with generic models, the recommendation for the real transmission network investigated is an application of Virtual Synchronous Machine VSM control.


The aim of the present study was to determine effects of expressive arts techniques intervention using ABA for low self-esteem management. Patient was a 28 years male; who is a pilot and undergoing conversion training from smaller aircraft to bigger one recently divorced. Study was quantitative in nature, wherein; self-esteem level of client was assessed using Self-Esteem Scale (SES) by Rifai (1999) and stress; by applying Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS, 1995) – Urdu Version; pre and post intervention of Expressive Arts techniques. A positive shift in mental health was observed with respect to presenting problems and behavioral management through these effective interventions. Post intervention results confirm significant improvement in self-esteem and stress management. The results imply that low self-esteem and stress as a result of low self-esteem were considerably improved as a result of expressive arts techniques intervention. Therefore, maintaining and facilitating in maintaining appropriate self-esteem by using appropriate expressive arts techniques intervention significantly alters low self-esteem and reduces stress as a result of low self-esteem.


Synthesizing the compressible turbulent flow theory and plasma electromagnetic (EM) theory together, a novel method connecting pressure variation and relative permittivity of re-entry plasma sheath is developed. Using this method and transmission line analogy, effects of pressure variation on polarization properties of obliquely incident EM waves at GPS frequency and Ka frequency is studied. Numerical results indicate that effects in different conditions are various. When electron density is lower than 1018 m-3, influences of pressure variation are obvious at GPS frequency, while Ka frequency is feeble. For GPS frequency, effects enlarge with the increase in incident angle, but reduce with the increase in collision frequency and electron density. Ka frequency has more advantages on mitigating the disturbances of pressure variations in this situation. While in the opposite situation, influences are more remarkable at Ka frequency. Considering that GPS wave rapidly attenuates in the sheath when electron density is higher than 1018 m-3 and Ka wave does not, Ka frequency is an effective way to mitigate the blackout during the re-entry process after its shortcomings on polarization alteration have been carefully considered.


The present invention provides a method of using Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol VRRP backup method is provided an access device: all the VRRP packet with the source address of the gateway device unified configuration; if the received VRRP packet with its own generated VRRP packets of the same priority priority field, any IP address of a gateway interface large WAN interface will be non-gateway device as the master device; when the internal network to access the external network, the master device WAN Interface configuration mask information, the master device generates the directly connected routes based on VRRP virtual address and mask information, to complete the internal network to the external network to forward traffic. The present invention also discloses a VRRP gateway device. In summary, the present invention is used to access the device using VRRP to provide a method and VRRP backup group of gateway devices, so that the gateway device capable of running multiple VRRP use an IP address, thus providing improved access device is a backup application.


1960s Korean SF Monster Movies and the Aspects of Film Exchange and Relationship in Northeast Asia Ham, Chung Beom Research Professor / Contemporary Cinema Research Institute, Hanyang University This article examines the aspects of Korean SF monster films and cinematic exchange and Relationship in Northeast Asia during the 1960s through three movies titled The Iron-eating Monster: Bulgasari (1962), Big Monster Wangmagwi (1967) and Yongary, Monster from the Deep (1967). The movies above feature a monster with a strange animal appearance, so all of them may be categorized as "monster movie". And, the fact that its unusual attempt to introduce special effects during its planning and production in 1960s was influenced by a Japanese movie Godzilla (1954) cannot be ignored. On the other hand, "historical" monster films represented by The Iron-eating Monster: Bulgasari converged on SF monster films including Big Monster Wangmagwi and Yongary, Monster from the Deep, cinematic relationship and exchange between Korea and Japan got heated up. Moreover, the stories behind these films indicate the character of Korean society in the 1960s when the state-led anticommunist jingoism and nationalism were strengthened. In addition, in the case of The Iron-eating Monster: Bulgasari, after more than 20 years, again reveals international exchange and relationship.


Long segment laryngotracheoesophageal clefts (LTECs) are very rare large‐airway malformations. Over the last 40 years mortality rates declined substantially due to improved intensive care and surgical procedures. Nevertheless, long‐term morbidity, comorbidity, and clinical outcomes have rarely been assessed systematically.


Robotic decontamination techniques have been developed and used in two applications at the Savannah River Plant (SRP). Equipment was first used in a nonradioactive mockup at the Savannah River Laboratory (SRL) to demonstrate robotic technique and to train personnel prior to radioactive work. In actual field testing, radiation levels were reduced to goal levels with minimal exposure of personnel to radiation. The equipment and strategy used to decontaminate the radiation area are discussed. 4 refs., 10 figs.


ABSTRACT Recently, measurement of sea ice thickness (SIT) has received increasing attention due to the importance of thinning ice in the context of global warming. Although altimeter sensors onboard satellite missions enable continuous SIT measurements over larger areas compared to in situ observations, these sensors are inadequate for mapping daily Arctic SIT because of their small footprints. We exploited passive microwave data from AMSR2 (Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer 2) by incorporating a state-of-the-art deep learning (DL) approach to address this limitation. Passive microwave data offer better temporal resolutions than those from a single altimeter sensors, but are rarely used for SIT estimations due to their limited physical relationship with SIT. In this study, we proposed an ensemble DL model with different modalities to produce daily pan-Arctic SIT retrievals. The proposed model determined the hidden and unknown relationships between the brightness temperatures of AMSR2 channels and SITs measured by CryoSat-2 (CS2) from the extended input features defined by our feature augmentation strategy. Although AMSR2-based SITs agreed well with CS2-derived gridded SIT values, they had similar uncertainties and errors in the CS2 SIT measurements, particularly for thin ice. However, based on quantitative validations using long-term unseen data and IceBridge data, the proposed retrieval model consistently generated SITs from AMSR2 at 25 km spatial resolution, regardless of time and space.


The benefits of smart city are enormous. But the list of challenges in their planning, development, and operation is long and difficult to overcome. Two important questions to policymakers and stakeholders: (1) What are the new energy problems in smart city? and (2) What are the appropriate interventions (e.g., technologies, policies) to address these problems so that best energy services can be provided? To address these questions, information from many relevant disciplines—science, engineering, policy analysis, and management—needs to be gleaned, analyzed and synthesized to generate scientifically-sound and policy-relevant knowledge. Guided by insights from literature on integrated assessment, a holistic approach for technology-and-policy analysis, this paper presents a structural framework for integrated studies of energy transformation for better sustainability and resilience in the context of smart cities. This paper first identifies a list of guiding questions. It is followed by defining the city boundary, and reducing urban energy system into six basic elements: energy resources, hardware, processes (organized signal process, and energy process), people (individuals, and organizations), institutions, and activities. Three major challenges in developing an operational model based on this framework—model integration and complexity, data availability and uncertainty, and decision salience and policy relevance—are also discussed.


BackgroundTetanus is an acute and potentially fatal disease caused by Clostridium Tetani, an extremely resilient pathogen. The bacterium can contaminate traumatic wounds which account for approximately 5.4% of all visits to the Emergency Department. According to several surveillance programs, the incidence of clinical tetanus in Italy is ten-fold higher than in other industrialised countries. In 2010, Italy accounted for 57 of the 74 confirmed cases reported in the European Union.Methods The study analysed data from 1094 patients who presented to the Emergency Department of the Fondazione IRRCS Policlinico San Matteo between April 2016 and November 2017 with wounds potentially at risk for infection with Clostridium Tetani.Results Data showed that, in conformity with the literature, the elderly (> 60 years old) constitute a high-risk category, with 219 unprotected individuals out of 238. Also, among patients aged more than 60 years old, there was a statistically significant difference between female and male patients. From the comparative analysis of the data however, it was surprisingly found that even younger patients are lacking protective immunity.Conclusions When considering other medical systems, both European and non-European ones, and analysing their guidelines for the prevention of tetanus infection, the necessity of adopting a well-defined algorithm becomes evident. This, also in order to avoid the excessive administration of prophylaxis, as well as to allow to put in place the necessary preventive measures for each patient. This study highlights the need for a better patient and clinician awareness, and an improvement in record keeping and management of the documentation related to the vaccinations. The analysed data also suggests the need for conducting awareness campaigns on the topic of vaccines and vaccine preventable infections. Patients should be made aware of the importance of keeping track of their own immunization status, and of remembering the date of the last administration of the vaccine or, of carrying around their vaccination card.


Culture is a sector that in last years have become more apparent in urban development strategies. A cultural driven growth strategy was visible in the northern Swedish city of Umea, when hosting th ...


HighlightsAn outlet pipe with twice the cross-sectional area reduced the filter pressure drop by 12%.Two-outlet designs did not improve the hydraulic performance of the central wand.Flow uniformity in the sand bed was improved with a central downward outlet pipe.Abstract. The pressurized sand filters used in drip irrigation systems have three zones (the water inlet, sand bed, and water outlet) with different hydraulic behaviors. Previous studies that aimed to improve the hydraulic performance of these filters focused on the water inlet and sand bed by redesigning the diffuser plate and underdrain elements, respectively. In this study, we analyzed the consequences of modifying the water outlet of a commercial porous medium filter without changing its underdrain design. The original design consisted of a horizontal pipe connected to ten horizontal wands. Five additional designs that varied in size, orientation, and number of outlets were numerically studied in four operating modes (including two sand bed heights and two superficial velocities). Comparison with the commercial design indicated that (1) an outlet pipe with twice the cross-sectional area reduced the overall filter pressure drop by up to 12% and increased the flow uniformity within the sand bed; (2) two outlets led to symmetrical behavior for the amount of water drained per wand but did not improve the water volume drained by the central wand, which drained the least amount; and (3) a central vertical outlet of equal diameter as the commercial outlet produced a similar pressure drop but increased the flow uniformity within the porous medium. For completeness, two additional diffuser designs were also studied. In comparison with the original design, the proposed designs improved the flow uniformity and weakened the water vortex above the sand surface. Keywords: Computational fluid dynamics, Drip irrigation, Filtration, Granular bed, Modeling.


Email: firstname.lastname@example.com Noelle N.R. Quenivet has constructed a valuable tool for navigating the morass of sexual offences and international law. Using Bosnia-Herzegovina a jumping off point, she proceeds to show how, over the last two decades, the Western world has been swept up by a wave of feminist scholars writing about international law and more particularly humanitarian and human rights law. Although these articles, books and statements have covered a broad range of issues, the focus has been on sexual offences and, more specifically, on rape in times of conflict. These authors, as well as NGOs supporting their ideas, have made a series of assumptions concerning sexual offences in times of armed conflict. On the basis of these presumptions, they have claimed inter alia that international law does not adequately prohibit sexual offences and that prosecution is scarce.


What on earth is 'social Darwinism'? This question has troubled scientists and historians alike ever since the term was first introduced. Indeed, after a century of debate there is still little agreement on even the most basic issues: who were the 'social Darwinists'; what did they believe; and what was the nature of their influence on social thought? Faced with the problem of answering such apparently straightforward questions, several commentators have regretted the introduction of the phrase social Darwinism; and others have suggested that it is an historiographical artifact—a product of contemporary concerns which deserves no place in the historian's vocabulary. However, following a spate of new publications on social Darwinism, it seems that debate on this subject is likely to continue for the foreseeable future. One of the major aims of Robert C. Bannister's book is to account for the problematic status of social Darwinism in the literature. It does this by suggesting that social Darwinism was a slogan used by a variety of social reformers in the late nineteenth century in order to discredit the views of their ideological opponents. In other words, from the very outset the label social Darwinist was conferred upon people by their critics; hardly ever did people claim it for themselves. As Bannister puts it, 'a social Darwinist was something no one wanted to be'. Moreover, precisely because it was a term of abuse, social Darwinism served as a caricature rather than an accurate portrait of a particular ideological position. The critics claimed that a large number of conservative writers were using the theory of'the survival of the fittest' to justify a social philosophy of utterly brutal individualism in which ruthless, unremitting struggle to economic existence was held to be both the natural and the ideal state of human affairs. But who, exactly, were these writers? Bannister points out that actual examples of this conservative social Darwinism are pretty thin on the ground, and in his introduction he admits that, at one stage in his investigation, he came close to concluding that the whole thing was a hoax which had been foisted upon credulous historians by the critics themselves. That he did not give up his research altogether was the result of a growing conviction that this hoax was of great historical significance:


The advent of the digital technologies unquestionably affected the cinema. The indexical relation and realistic effect with the photographed world much praised by Andre Bazin and Roland Barthes is just one of the affected aspects. This article discusses cinema in light of the new digital possibilities, reflecting on Steven Shaviro's consideration of "how a nonindexical realism might be possible" (63) and how in fact a new kind of reality, a digital one, might emerge in the science fiction film Source Code (2013) by Duncan Jones.


: A wireless Adhoc network is a collection of mobile nodes with no pre-established infrastructure, forming a temporary network. In the absence of a fixed infrastructure, nodes have to cooperate in order to provide the necessary network functionality. One of the principal routing protocols used in Ad hoc networks is AODV (Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector) protocol. The security of the AODV protocol is compromised by a particular type of attack called 'Black Hole' attack [1]. In this attack a malicious node advertises itself as having the shortest path to the node whose packets it wants to intercept. It is proposed to wait and check the replies from all the neighboring nodes to find the Black hole nodes. In this paper, we detect the Black hole nodes or malicious nodes and after detecting it we will remove those nodes and also find the shortest path from source to destination by using GLOMOSIM. We propose that our protocol is increase the throughput, security and life time of the network by reducing the delay than the other conventional AODV protocols.


Introduction. The present paper continues the line of research related to the various forms of anomie in Russian society. In the proposed study, individual forms of anomie manifestation are considered on the example of deviant behaviour of adolescents (students aged 13-17 years old) depending on the gender and mechanisms of its perception by teachers of educational institutions (mental representation of the phenomenon).The aim of the research is to identify the main forms of individual anomie (as deviant behaviour of adolescents) from the standpoint of the teachers' perceptions of student behavior (mental representation of the behaviour of adolescents, depending on the factor of their gender and deviant / prosocial type of behaviour).Methodology and research methods. To obtain sociological data, the following methods were used: questionnaire survey, focused interview, testing. Further, the obtained results were processed by mathematical processing methods (the Fisher analysis of variance (type III SS, polynomial effect)). The influence and interaction of gender factors and the type of deviant/ prosocial behaviour in adolescents (through the mental representation of this phenomenon by teachers of educational organisations) were considered. The current research involved 1643 students aged from 13 to 17 years old and 832 teachers.Results and scientific novelty. As a result of the conducted research, it was determined that the most pronounced forms of deviant behaviour of modern adolescents in the perception of teachers of educational organisations are smoking and absenteeism. This deviant behaviour of adolescents aged 13-17 years old can be considered as the manifestation of individual anomie (in the perception of teachers as "abnormal"). The structure of adolescents' deviant behaviour in the "deviant" group differs more from the structure of adolescents' behaviour in the "prosocial" group. The gender factor of the research participants has a significant impact on the structure of teachers' perception of the behaviour of adolescents in the group of "deviant" and "prosocial" types of behaviour.The scientific novelty of the work lies in the fact that for the first time the authors of the study considered the deviant behaviour of adolescents as the manifestation of individual anomie. Moreover, for the first time, the authors investigated the structure of deviant behaviour of adolescents aged 13-17 years old (with differentiation by gender) and identified the features of the "norm" of behaviour of adolescents in the Russian Federation in the perception of teachers of educational organisations. This allows us to identify the system-forming factors, which influence the attribution of adolescent behaviour to the category of "norm/normality" (as manifestations of anomie), and to consider the mechanisms of teachers' mental representation of the "deviant/prosocial" type of student behaviour, depending on gender.


Plato's dialogues are as much literary dramas as philosophical inquiries. In light of the scope and development of σωφροσύνη and the carefully crafted historical resonances of the dialogue's dramatic date and cast of characters, it is argued here that σωφροσύνη is a foundational virtue, best understood as moderation, moderating one's behavior, rather than on a par with other virtues. The Charmides is non-dogmatic, rather than skeptical or aporetic, and essentially political rather than ethical or epistemological, as often assumed. Rather than asserting any simple, propositional account of moderation, it enacts a complex moral and political view of moderation that unifies many strands of the term's meanings in Greek through the persons and words of its characters and operating as much through the reader's, imagination, and emotions as through reason and purely logical argument.


The given article investigates the phenomenon of happiness as applied to the rural population. Value orientations of the countrymen which represent the basis of the feeling of happiness experienced by them are examined relying on the qualitative methods. Priorities between material and moral values are determined.


Abstract Objectives The data of the monocyte subgroups and expressed toll like receptors (TLR) in the innate immune system response, which develop against chronic inflammation in patients with predialysis chronic kidney disease (CKD) and in patients who undergo dialysis treatment, are limited. We aimed to investigate the effect of the dialysis procedure on the current chronic inflammatory condition and which role of monocyte subgroups ratios, the expressions of TLR2/4 and serum Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) levels involved in the innate immune response process. Methods We investigated monocyte subgroups, TLR2/TLR4 expressions and serum TNF-α levels in 30 predialysis CKD patients, 90 CKD patients undergoing dialysis and 30 healthy control subjects. Monocyte subgroup percentages and TLR2/TLR4 expressions were determined using the flow cytometry, serum TNF-α levels were investigated using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results In the dialysis patients, the percentages of classical (p=0.0001) and non-classical (p=0.078) monocytes were found to be higher when compared with the predialysis CKD patients. The percentages of TLR4 expression on non-classical monocytes was higher in dialysis and predialysis patients compared with the healthy controls (p<0.0001, p=0.796). Serum TNF-α level was significantly higher in dialysis and predialysis patients compared with the healthy controls (p=0.013, p=0.022) and a positive correlation between the classical monocyte subgroup and TNF-α was observed (r=0.285, p=0.006). Conclusions Increased percentages of non-classical monocytes, TLR4 expressions and serum TNF-α levels observed in the predialysis CKD patients and dialysis patients might be related to inflammation.


• Several factors support the likelihood of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) becoming endemic rather than eradicated, including high transmissibility of severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the trajectory of other coronaviruses, existing animal reservoirs, evidence of waning immunity and breakthrough infections, low and uneven vaccine coverage, a lack of global coordination of disease elimination measures, the inability of existing vaccines to eliminate the risk of infection and onward transmission, and the ability of SARS-CoV-2 to mutate and escape existing immunity.


The effect of arginine esterase (an effective component of ahylysantinfarctase) on CHL cell growth inhibition and chromosome aberration in vitro was studied. The concentration of arginine esterase was indicated as enzyme activity (U). Cell growth inhibition test and cell chromosome aberration test were studied by two methods including direct method and activating metablism method. The arginine esterase concentration in the experiment was:1.0×10 -3 U/mL, 0.5×10 -3 U/mL and 0.25×10 -3 U/mL. 1.0 ×10 -3 U/mL was about 100 times higher than clinical concentration. Cell growth inhibition was tested by cell sticking cultivation, ethanol fixation, crystal violet staining and monolayer cell density assaying. Chromosome aberration was tested by collecting metaphase dividing cells at 24 h and 48 h after cultivation, low solution infiltration, fixation, and Giemas staining. The chromosome structure and polyploid of 100 metaphase cells were studied and the polypoid cells and aberration cells were counted. The results showed that arginine esterase could not affect CHL cell growth and chromosome aberration at the above concentrations.Tab 2, Ref 10


Multi-processor Systems-on-Chip (MPSoCs) have been proposed to tackle embedded systems' requirements due to their potential for low-power consumption and high scalability. These systems fit the needs of many application domains, including robotics and autonomous vehicles, in which reliability, performance, and timeliness are critical to operation. In this paper, we propose an integrated environment for the development of robotic applications targeting MPSoCs. The proposed environment eases the evaluation of non-functional requirements by combining cycle-accurate simulations from RTL models with behavioral simulations from robotics. We present a case study of the proposed environment in the context of a UAV (unmanned aerial vehicle) stabilization software, providing performance and energy estimations for different software implementations.


Thermodynamic properties of mixtures of dipolar with nonpolar linear molecules are obtained from NVT-MD simulations and from a perturbation theory based on nonspherical reference systems. In the simulations, the interactions are all of the same two-centre Lennard-Jones (2CLJ) type, of elongation L = 0·505 and with an additional axial point dipole on the polar molecules. Simulation raw data are the pressures, internal energies and dipolar energies for a grid of dipole moments and compositions at the state point T* = 3·078 and ρ* = 0·466. From these raw data, first the excess values of the internal energy and the Helmholtz energy for mixing at constant density are obtained. Then the excess values of the Gibbs energy, of the enthalpy and of the volume for mixing at constant pressure are derived. In perturbation theory, the equivalent Kihara interactions yield results which are in good agreement with the simulation data. Neither simulations nor theory, however, show a liquid-liquid phase separation for the st...


Milk was used to give yoghurt featured by rich nutrients and nice flavour through a temperature-changing fermentation with Lactobacillus. The aromatic substances - biacetyl and acetaldehyde - in the yoghurt were determined by the ultraviolet spectroscopy and chemical titration, and the influence of temperature-changing fermentation on the flavour of yoghurt was discussed based upon organoleptic evaluation and the concentration of biacetyl and acetaldehyde. The results showed that the optimum fermentation temperatures were 41℃(1h), 50℃(1h) and 45℃(1h).


This desk study conceptualizes weather-index based crop insurance as an instrument to graduate poor farmers out of poverty trap. I examine the advantages of this product over traditional crop insurance based on developing countries experience. The author tries to address the problems and challenges in implementing this insurance product in low income countries. Based on literature it addresses some problems and issues in implementing this product in Bangladesh considering context specific issues of this country. The main objective of this paper is to theoretically assess weather-index based crop insurance as an instrument to graduate poor farmers out of poverty trap. This study is a completely desk based one. Data have been collected from literatures of different sources such as journals, working papers, World Bank and other development organizations' websites and research publications those are relevant to the study. Proper preparation for index measurement, premium determination, flexible product design, wider stakeholder involvement, public private partnership, and a 'big push' from government and donors through seed financing can promote weather index based crop insurance in Bangladesh.


The present invention includes an apparatus for producing a deep-drawn plastic packaging tray (8) (12), a packaging machine and a fusing device for fusing on the foil packaging tray (13), at least the packaging tray shrinkage produced from sexual plastic foil (1), it relates to a packaging machine. A method of producing a package is disclosed by the at least one shrinkable foil.


To elucidate their mechanism of action, inhibitors of Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) and resistant BTK mutants were employed to dissect target‐dependent cellular functions. BTK‐C481S and ‐T474I, expressed in Ramos and NALM‐6 cells, maintained BTK auto‐phosphorylation under treatment with ibrutinib or dasatinib, respectively, which showed only modest cytotoxicity. Retained activity of BTK‐T474 partially rescued cell migration from inhibition by dasatinib. Importantly, resistant BTK mutants reconstituted B cell receptor‐triggered chemokine secretion in the presence of corresponding inhibitors, demonstrating that BTK activity is connected with cell‐intrinsic functions of malignant B cells with importance for their dialogue with the micro‐environment.


I am happy to announce to members of editorial board of The Internet Journal of Biological Anthropology, contributing authors, and to all our readers that in early 2009, The Internet Journal of Biological Anthropology was selected for indexing and inclusion in SCOPUS the largest abstract and citation database of quality peer-reviewed research literature in scientific, medical, Engineering and social sciences fields. According to the letter sent by Scopus, this was in recognition of the high quality and relevance to the scientific community of the journal. Ever since the establishment of the journal in June 20071, we have been interesting in having our journal indexed in Scopus and have made every effort to make the journal an international publication of quality. In the later part of 2008, The Internet Journal of Biological Anthropology was evaluated by board of technical review committee for its quality, originality and importance in the field of Anthropology, and was adjudged to be worthy of inclusion. This will definitely lead to an increase in the number of submissions to the journal and also to an increase in the number of citations of the articles from the journal cited by authors in other publications. We believe that this indexing will serve as means for the further development of the journal receiving the kind of articles that stimulate and gratify the new developments in the field of biological anthropology. I, along with the editorial board of the journal, would like to express sincere gratitude to our publisher Internet Scientific Publications for their support throughout. The availability of the full text on the website to all our readers is an added benefit for the growth of the journal and was helpful in obtaining the results we wanted. As you already know that inclusion in abstract & indexing (A&I) databases increases the visibility and awareness of full-text journals. The A&I databases will drive usage and traffic to the full-text platforms with sophisticated linking technologies, increasing journal brand awareness and subscription sales. Indexing in Scopus and Elsevier Bibliographic databases will enable readers to search and retrieve all articles from past and current issues. While the full content of articles has always been immediately available online to readers worldwide at http://www.ispub.com at no charge, the Scopus will make titles, abstracts and references available to people conducting searches for academics, research and development. Every journal editor attempts to ensure what is best for the journal for its survival and its well being such that not only do the number of readers increase but so that quality of the articles published is also enhanced. It is with this in mind since the last two years23 when the journal came into existence, many attempts have been made to improve the quality of the journal. We, of course, welcome our readers to contribute to this effort by giving in their views. One result of these endeavors has been that in this brief period of time, Scopus has indexed the journal and it is hoped that in the near future all the articles that appeared in the journal will be abstracted by Scopus. I am thankful to all the members of the editorial board and other outside experts who critically reviewed the manuscripts for this journal. Now we have just entered a new stage in the development of the journal. We should aim at further advancement in publishing good papers. We welcome all kind of articles that will satisfy our readers. This new issue of the journal (2009, Vol. 3, No.1) publishes seventeen articles including fourteen original articles, two up to date reviews and one case report. The issue covers vide variety of articles from social to biological perspectives in Enhancing the quality of The Internet Journal of Biological Anthropology 2 of 3 almost all the field of biological anthropology. In this issue, the original articles cover every aspect of anthropology having a bearing on biological anthropology like variability of finger and dermatoglyphics 456, sexual variation in foot dimensions7, relationship of somatoscopic variations with age8, anthropometry of foot with respect to various weight bearing conditions9, hand grip and its association with some anthropometric parameters10, nutritional status among children11, development of DNA from ancient human skeletal remains12, femoral anteversion and study of elongated styloid process1314, relationship of obesity with lumbar range of motion15, role of adolescence in language development16 and study of nasal parameters17. One review article is the forth part of the series "Prehistory of the Chhotanagpur region18. Another review article describes impact of gender bias on health and nutrition of the tribal women in relation to dynamics of development in India19. A case report presents assessment and discussion of ancestral background from skulls belonging to Greece20. We hope you enjoy reading this issue of new discoveries and up-to-date reviews. We therefore, look forward to receiving your papers and we invite your suggestions and comments for the improvement of The Internet Journal of Biological Anthropology. Do e-mail us (firstname.lastname@example.com) your comments, questions, queries and pre-submission enquiries. Kewal Krishan, PhD Editor-in-Chief


Control and stabilisation of the resonant converters are essential problems in power electronics. The conventional model of the dc–dc series resonant converter (SRC) is derived using the sinusoidal approximation and generalised averaging followed by linearisation about an operating point. This model involves considerable approximation and is not applicable for large variation of load and supply voltage. The authors have already proposed a direct piece-wise affine (DPWA) modelling and control approach for the SRC that operates above resonant frequency. However, the DPWA technique is not applicable to an SRC that operates below resonance because of the presence of harmonics. In this study, a dynamic voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) is introduced, so that the overall system consisting of the proposed VCO following by the SRC is modelled as a PWA system. Then, a hybrid controller is designed in order to regulate the dc output voltage of the SRC operating below resonance. Also, the stability analysis of the closed-loop system is presented in the form of linear matrix inequalities. A prototype of the SRC is constructed and the proposed hybrid controller is implemented on a digital signal processor (DSP) core. The simulation and experimental results show the effectiveness of this modelling and control approach.


Recently, attention bias modification (ABM) has become a promising therapeutic intervention with results in multiples domains, varying from pain to self-esteem and emotional disorders. It has the advantage of being an implicit intervention that can correct negative biases involved in psychopathology, but also in deficient parent-child relationships. Regarding the later argument, although the ABM paradigm has not been extended to the parenting field, up until now, there is great potential for this domain as initial data seem to indicate that negative cognitive biases in parents affect their parenting skills, with an impact on the emotional health of their children. Thus, the present paper aims to extend, in novel ways, existing ABM paradigms, and use them for the first time to boost parental skills. More specifically, we intend to use faces of children to reduce negative biases in parents. The novelty of this approach is that the end beneficiaries of the ABM training will not be the user, meaning the parents, but their children. The development and utility of the ABM tools for parenting purposes is discussed within the broader field of online parenting programs.


The structure of retigeranic acid, C25H2802, a C25 terpenoid isolated from a lichen, has been determined by X-ray analysis of its p-bromoanilide. The crystal is monoclinic, space group P21 with a= 13"142, b=9"37~, c= 11"49a ~, fl= 102"42 °, Z=2. The absolute crystal structure was determined from the phases calculated by the anomalous dispersion method for 409 Friedel pairs measured on a four-circle diffractometer with Mo Kct radiation. Refinement of the structure was carried out by the least-squares method for 1638 independent reflexions measured with Cu K~ radiation. The final R value is 0.09 without hydrogen atoms. The molecule has a unique pentacyclic structure consisting of four five-membered rings and one six-membered ring. The structure has no close correlation with the sesterterpenes known to date.


With 75 known species, the freshwater-fish genus Sinocyclocheilus is the largest cavefish radiation in the world, emerging as a model system for evolutionary studies. They show multiple adaptations for cave dwelling (stygomorphic adaptations), which include a range of traits such as eye degeneration (Normal-eyed, Micro-eyed and Eyeless), depigmentation of skin, and in some species, the presence of "horns". Their behavioural adaptations to subterranean environments, however, are poorly understood. Wall-following (WF) behaviour, where an organism remains in close contact with the boundary demarcating its habitat when in the dark, is a peculiar behaviour observed in a wide range of animals and is enhanced in some cave dwellers. Hence, we hypothesize wall-following to be present also in Sinocyclocheilus, possibly enhanced in Eyeless species compared to species with visual cues (Normal / Micro-eyed species). Using 13 species representative of Sinocyclocheilus radiation and eye-morphs, we designed a series of assays, based on pre-existing methods for Astyanax mexicanus behavioural experiments, to examine wall-following behaviour under three stimulation conditions. Our results indicate that eyeless species exhibit significantly enhanced levels of WF compared to Normal-eyed species, with Micro-eyed forms demonstrating intermediate levels. Using a mtDNA based dated phylogeny (chronogram with four clades A – D), we traced the degree of WF of these forms to outline common patterns. We show that intensity of WF behaviour is high in the subterranean clades (B & C) compared to clades with free-living species (A & D). Experiments on WF behaviour revealed that eyeless species are highly sensitive to vibrations, whereas normal-eyed species are the least sensitive. Since WF behaviour is present to some degree in all Sinocyclocheilus species, and given that these fishes evolved in the late Miocene, we identify this behaviour as being ancestral with WF enhancement related to cave occupation. Our results from this diversification-scale study of cavefish behaviour suggest that enhanced wall-following behaviour may be a convergent trait across all stygomorphic cavefish lineages. Significance statement Sinocyclocheilus, a genus of 75 species of freshwater cavefish, is an emerging model system in evolutionary studies. Their adaptations for subterranean life, including eye degeneration, skin depigmentation, and horn-like structures, are well-known, but their behavioural adaptations remain understudied. Here we focus on a phenomenon, called "wall-following," where fish stay close to the cave walls in absence of light. We hypothesized that this behaviour would be more pronounced in eyeless species. We selected 13 species, representative of the diversity of the genus and eye types, and observed their wall-following behaviour under different conditions. Results were intriguing; eyeless species exhibited heightened wall-following behaviour compared to their sighted counterparts, with small-eyed species falling in between. Researchers also mapped this behaviour on a phylogenetic tree, discovering a pattern: cave-dwelling clades showed stronger wall-following than free-living ones. Wall-following is prevalent in all Sinocyclocheilus species and, given the evolutionary history of the genus, is considered an ancestral behaviour that intensified with cave adaptation. These findings contribute to our understanding of convergent evolution, suggesting that enhanced wall-following may be a shared trait among diverse cavefish lineages.


We study the extent to which properties of infinite-dimensional dynamical systems can be accurately detected by examining observations of such systems. Let H be a separable Hilbert space. Let $f:H\to H$ be a map, and let $A\subset H$ be a compact set satisfying $f(A)=A$. We prove that, for almost every (in the sense of prevalence) continuous observable $\varphi:H\to\mathbb{R}^{M}$, if f induces a map $\bar{f}$ satisfying $\bar{f}\circ\varphi=\varphi\circ f$ on A and if this induced map has certain properties, then the observable $\varphi$ is one-to-one on A, and therefore the dynamics of f on A are topologically conjugate to those of $\bar{f}$ on $\varphi(A)$.


In this paper, we define two new multiplicative operations ⊗1P and ⊗2P on Pythagorean fuzzy matrix and investigate their algebraic properties. The properties of PFMs are also obtained in the case where these new operations are combined with the well known operations of Pythagorean fuzzy matrices.


Collagen exhibits a low angle x-ray diffraction pattern corresponding to a spacing of about 650 A. On denaturation (shrinking) this pattern disappears and does not return, regardless of how the material may be treated subsequently. It has been found that, when collagen tendons are stretched taut in a clamp, immersed in water, and then subjected to temperatures above the shrink temperature, the intensity of the low angle pattern diminishes appreciably. This has been interpreted as a decrease in the concentration of the structure which gives rise to the pattern and was assumed to be due to a melting of the crystalline structure of collagen. At constant temperature (above the shrink temperature), the low angle pattern continually decreases in intensity with increased shrinkage until it disappears completely. The extent to which the sample must be shrunk before the pattern disappears is dependent upon the temperature and increases with decreasing temperature.

On analyzing the data quantitatively, using the theories of crystallization for linear polymers developed by Flory, it was possible to calculate a heat and entropy of shrinkage. The values obtained for these quantities indicate that the fusion is a stepwise process involving very few amino acid residues in each step (perhaps only one or two residues).

Experiments were carried out on collagen shrunk in water and in formamide, as well as on formaldehyde tanned collagen shrunk in water. It was found that the heat and entropy of shrinkage apparently decrease with increasing tendency toward swelling. Thus the heat of shrinkage for formaldehyde tanned collagen is greater than for untanned, and the heat of shrinkage for native collagen is greater in water than in formamide.


BACKGROUND
Older drivers are likely to suffer declines in functioning and a number of health problems that may cumulatively affect driving ability. When involved in a motor vehicle accident, elderly people are more likely to be killed or seriously disabled than younger people.

OBJECTIVE
This article provides an overview of the assessment for fitness to drive with emphasis on important practical points.

DISCUSSION
General practitioners play a vital role in the assessment of elderly drivers. Consider assessing patients over the age of 75 years and patients who present with multiple disabilities, for fitness to drive. Screening for safe driving includes assessment of vision (acuity, visual fields), motor function (joint function, muscle strength, coordination) and cognition. Additional information may be required about overall functioning from relatives and neighbours. If doubt remains the patient should be referred for a practical driving assessment.


In 2009, at the WMO's World Climate Conference 3 in Geneva, delegates representing 155 nations called for a Global Framework for Climate Services (GFCS) "to strengthen the production, availability, delivery and application of science-based climate prediction and services." Given that the climate is changing and the past is no longer an adequate indication of the future climate, the GFCS builds on the experience of weather services, with a focus on using seasonal and longer-term, inherently probabilistic information to manage climate-related risk. A High-Level Task Force recently released a report (.pdf) that outlines priorities and a plan that is to be implemented as a U.N. process. The priority is to strengthen climate observations and address gaps in climate services in vulnerable developing countries, in support of climate-sensitive sectors such as agriculture, disaster risk reduction, health and water. Though the report highlights climate data as a core principle, it takes a rather weak position, limiting itself to stating, "The Framework should promote the free and open exchange of climate data while respecting existing data policies."


Since a large portion of chemical substances used for materials and products is eventually discarded and processed as waste, managing chemical substances during waste treatment processes is important for chemical risk reduction throughout their lifecycle. Quantitative information of the flows and the environmental emission of chemical substances is a basis for a better chemical management; however, such information is still insufficient for waste treatment processes. This study estimated the metal content of incinerated industrial waste in Japan as basic information for understanding the inflows of metals to waste incineration. The metal content of incinerated industrial waste was estimated based on experimental analyses of metal content of incineration residue samples from industrial waste incineration facilities in Japan. The results showed that several waste categories such as sludge and waste acid/alkali could be main sources for metals in incinerated industrial waste. To better manage hazardous metals during waste treatment processes, it is important to understand the behavior and the emission of metals at facilities that are processing mainly these waste categories.


Background/objective:  Fetal ductus venosus assessment at 11–14 weeks' gestation is one of the best tests to identify fetuses with cardiac malformation. Negative blood flow during atrial contraction has been used as qualitative sign in this cases. The aim of this study is to describe normal ranges for Doppler velocimetry of ductus venosus at 11–14 weeks' gestation and correlate it with nuchal translucency thickness.


This article discusses the different causes of the 2009 financial crisis, in particular the structured finance products (toxic papers), which because of their good ratings were purchased by many banks worldwide.Meanwhile, market participants are no longer allowed to set their own standards, rather the financial markets are being regulated more strongly. The most recent regulatory measures concerning ratings agencies are illustrative of how the American and European legislators attempt to achieve effective control with instruments of the capital market. The results, however, are mixed.


A freestanding single layer of hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) has been successfully fabricated by controlled energetic electron irradiation through a layer-by-layer sputtering process. We have successfully resolved atomic defects in h-BN with triangle shapes by means of an aberration corrected high-resolution transmission electron microscopy with exit-wave reconstruction. Boron monovacancies are found to be preferably formed and the dominating zigzag-type edges are proved to be nitrogen terminated.


ABSTRACT
ROSA KARINA. "The Influence Of Learning Motivation and Self Confidence To Learning Outcomes In Student Class XI Office Administration At Smk Bina Pangudi Luhur Jakarta".aSkripsi, Jakarta: Study Program Of Economic Education, Faculty of Economic, State University of Jakarta. 2018.
This study aims to determine whether there is an influence of socioeconomic This study aims toadetermineawhether there is anainfluence Learning Motivation and Confidence On Students Grade XI Office Administration Department Learning Outcomes at SMK Bina Pangudi Luhur in Jakarta. This research was conducted for 4 months from December 2017 to March 2018. The research method is survey method with correlational approach. Theapopulation is students from XI office administration which amounts to 88 students. The sample used 72 students and using the proportional random sampling technique.aVariable Y (Learning Outcomes)adata is secondary,awhile variable X1 (Learning Motivation) and X2 (Confidence)adata is primary using Likert scale. The data is tested for validity and reliability, and then analysis with multiple regression technique and classical assumption test. The data were analyzed using SPSS. The results showed there is a significant influence between learning motivation and confidence on students learning outcomes with aaregressionaequation Ŷ = 24,307 + 0,246X1 + 0,212X2. The results of F test in ANOVA table produces Fhitung 39,582 > Ftabel 3,13, this means learning motivation and confidence simultaneously positively influence the learning outcomes. The t test produces thitung X1 6,214 > ttabel 1,66, because thitung > ttabel that means there is a positive influence between learning motivation and learning outcomes. And then thitung X2 5,584 > ttabel 1,66, because thitung > ttabel that means there is a positive influence between confidence and learning outcomes. And then from the coefficient determination was obtained 0,534, which means there is an influence of independent variable on dependent variable in the amount of 53,4% and the remaining of 46,4% was influenced by the other variable who not be examined.
Keywords : Learning Outcomes, Self Confidence, Learning Motivation


Abstract : The purpose of this project was to build and test ten Utility Acoustic Modems and place them in the Modem Pool at WHOI so that they would be available to oceanographic researchers. Software supporting the ONR sponsored interoperability standard for acoustic communication was to be installed on the modems and augmented with higher rate and specialized communications functions as they are proven in the field. It was decided by the participants and approved by ONR to redirect the funds for the Utility Modems to a build of 16 of the newer and less complex Acoustic Micro-Modems. As a result of this decision, a total of 16 Micro-modems have been built and delivered to the Modem Pool. These units have been employed on a number of experiments and have operated very reliably.


One of the basic motives for saving is the accumulation of wealth to ensure future welfare. Both introspection and extant research on consumption insurance find that people face substantial risks that they do not fairly pool. In theory, the consumption and wealth accumulation of pricetaking households in an economy with incomplete markets differs substantially from the behavior of these same households in the equivalent economy with complete markets. The question we address in this article is whether we find this difference to be large in practice. What is the empirical importance of precautionary saving? We provide a simple decomposition that characterizes the importance of precautionary saving in the U.S. economy. We use this decomposition as an organizing framework to present four main findings: (i) the concavity of the consumption policy rule, (ii) the importance of precautionary saving for life-cycle saving and wealth accumulation, (iii) the contribution of changes in risk to fluctuations in aggregate consumption, and (iv) the significant impact of incomplete markets on aggregate fluctuations in calibrated general-equilibrium models. We conclude with directions for future research.


The invention aims at providing a preparation method of a salted peanut and walnut cake. The salted peanut and walnut cake has a special health-care function by selecting medicine and food homological materials. The peanut and walnut cake is prepared by blending flour, edible salt and milk into the raw materials, namely walnut and peanut. The preparation method is characterized in that every 1000 cakes at least contain 70g of peanut, 60g of walnut, 100g of flour, 500g of milk or lactic acid bacteria and 20g of edible salt.