Von Willebrand factor (VWF) tethers platelets to injured subendothelium through binding sites for collagen and platelet glycoprotein Ib (GPIb). The collagen binding site has been localized to the VWF A1 and A3 domains [1]. This interaction is measured in vitro by the VWF collagen binding assay, or VWF:CB [2,3]. VWD guidelines recently published by the NHLBI suggest restricting use of the VWF:CB to subjects who have abnormal initial screening results with VWF antigen (VWF:Ag) and VWF ristocetin cofactor activity (VWF:RCo) [4]. The VWF:RCo assay measures VWF-platelet interactions, as induced by the antibiotic ristocetin, and therefore a defect exclusive to the VWF-collagen axis could potentially be missed by omitting the VWF:CB assay.

We report here on a subject with type 1 VWD who was discovered to have abnormal collagen binding and a mutation in the VWF A3 domain. The index case and family members were enrolled in the Zimmerman Program for the Molecular and Clinical Biology of VWF after informed consent was obtained. VWF:Ag, VWF:RCo, VWF:CB, multimer distribution, and blood type analysis were performed in the clinical hemostasis laboratory of the BloodCenter of Wisconsin as previously described [5].

This subject had VWF:Ag of 41 IU/dL and VWF:RCo 44 IU/dL with normal multimer distribution, but VWF:CB was only 22 U/dL (figure 1A). Her history was significant for epistaxis requiring cautery and hemorrhage following tonsillectomy as a child. She also had prolonged bleeding following a dilation and curettage procedure. Her bleeding score, calculated using the scoring system from the European MCMDM-1 VWD study, was elevated at 8 [6]. DNA sequencing of the full length VWF coding sequence, performed on an ABI 3100 Genetic Analyzer (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA), showed this subject was heterozygous for a mutation in exon 31 (5356C>G) which led to substitution of aspartic acid for the wild-type histidine at amino acid 1786 (H1786D).

Figure 1

Panel A shows VWF levels for the H1786D proband and family members. VWF:Ag, VWF:RCo, and VWF:CB listed for each subject were performed in the clinical laboratory along with blood type and multimer analysis. The VWF:CB used type III collagen. In addition, ...

Recombinant VWF containing the 1786D mutation was synthesized via site-directed mutagenesis using the Stratagene QuikChange kit (La Jolla, CA) and expressed in HEK293T cells. Additional constructs were synthesized to incorporate three previously reported mutations in the collagen binding domain, 1731T [7], 1745C, and 1783A [8]. For the research laboratory collagen binding assays, ELISA plates were coated with either type I human placental collagen (Sigma, St. Louis, MO) at 5 μg/mL or type III human placental collagen (Southern Biotech) at 1 μg/mL, diluted in carbonate coating buffer (15 mM sodium carbonate, 35 mM sodium bicarbonate, 3 mM sodium azide), and incubated at 4°C overnight. Either plasma or recombinant VWF diluted in phosphate-buffered saline with 1% BSA was added to each well and incubated at room temperature for 1 hour. VWF bound to collagen was detected using a biotin-conjugated polyclonal antibody to VWF (Dako, Carpinteria, CA) also diluted in phosphate-buffered saline with 1% BSA.

Both the 1786D and the 1731T constructs had normal expression compared to wild-type (WT) VWD. Multimer analysis showed a full spectrum of multimers, with no decrease in high molecular weight multimers for the A3 domain mutants. Collagen binding studies were performed in our research laboratory using recombinant WT, 1786D, and 1731T VWF. Results are expressed as a ratio of VWF:CB to VWF:Ag. The previously described 1731T mutation showed a reduction in binding to both type I and type III collagen, at 45% and 50% of WT. In contrast, the 1786D mutant showed barely detectable binding to type I and type III collagen, at <1% of wild-type (figure 1B). Similar lack of binding was seen with the 1745C and 1783A constructs.

The profound defect in collagen binding shown with the 1786D construct is supported by studies of the VWF A3 domain crystal structure, which shows H1786 at one of the interfaces with collagen [9]. Replacement of this histidine with alanine also abolished VWF-collagen binding [10]. The S1731T mutation previously reported by Ribba and colleagues led to a decrease in VWF:CB [7]. A recent report by Riddell and colleagues details two A3 domain mutations, W1745C and S1783A, both with a significant decrease in VWF:CB [8]. Three additional A3 domain mutations, Q1734H, I1741T, and Q1762R, have also been reported to be associated with decreased collagen binding although the affected subjects did not display profound bleeding symptoms [11].

Both the VWF A1 and A3 domains are capable of binding collagen [1]. The major binding site is thought to be in the A3 domain [12]. The in vitro collagen binding assays with 1786D VWF did not demonstrate any evidence of compensatory A1 domain binding. It is possible that in vivo the A1 domain binding site can adequately compensate for the H1786D mutation in the A3 domain when VWF is activated under flow conditions, which may decrease the symptoms seen in the patients with this defect. Previous work with recombinant H1786A VWF supports this hypothesis, as it has been demonstrated that under flow conditions, binding to collagen can occur through the VWF A1 domain [13]. It is also possible that the severity of the in vitro phenotype is partially alleviated by the presence of some normal VWF in the heterozygous patients since multimeric VWF would likely contain some monomers with the intact collagen binding site.

The H1786D mutation fits best into the current VWD classification system as a type 2M variant, with abnormal VWF function despite normal multimer distribution. Not all 2M mutations, however, have abnormal collagen binding. Previous work from our laboratory demonstrated the A1 domain mutations F1369I and I1425F had normal binding to type III collagen, while an 11 amino acid deletion mutant, Δ1392–1492, did appear to affect collagen binding [14]. These patients, however, all presented with decreased VWF:RCo/VWF:Ag ratios, prompting their inclusion as 2M mutations. The H1786D mutation described here has a different effect on VWF function than those mutations considered as classic 2M. Defects in collagen binding may ultimately require an alternate classification scheme to distinguish them from platelet-binding defects. This case also suggests that the VWF:CB assay may have utility in diagnosis of variant VWD.


We have demonstrated theoretically that the Dirac electron spectrum of graphene leads to the strong electron in-teraction with circularly polarized photons for low light intensities. This results in bound electron-photon states (charged quasiparticles) which should be considered as a substantially new kind of light-matter coupling.

The energy spectrum of the quasiparticles is of dielectric type, that leads to the photon-induced metal-insulator transition in graphene. (© 2012 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


There exists a greatly simplified version of the of the variable-size simplex algorithm that is very reliable and short enough for programmable pocket calculator.


The finite element method can be utilized to simulate the process of ECAP.The recent achievement of FEM research of ECAP process is reviewed,mainly including the simulation analysis of several factors,such as die geometry,friction and process conditions.It shows that optimization of die geometry and proper utilization of process conditions(such as increase pass and choose route C) can effectively reduce corner gap and increase the homogenization of the deformation,while friction has complex effects on corner gap and homogenization.Moreover,the development of FEM research of some new ECAP processes is introduced.


The inflow of fresh or brackish groundwater into the sea is referred to as Submarine Groundwater Discharge (SGD). The SGD is enforced by a terrestrial component whichmainly depends on freshwater extraction and recharge by meteoric water and on aquifer permeability. And a marine component that is mainly controlled by the spatial distribution of outflows and water depth (hydraulic gradients between land and sea). This study is motivated by the importance of freshwater in arid regions and, in particular, by the continuous challenges posed by the exploration and exploitation of fresh water sources inthe Sultanate of Oman. Moreover, there is a lack of studies on SGD phenomena alongthe 1000 km coastline in the South of Oman. The objective of this study is to develop a method to detect SGD spots in the offshore region, autonomously, and understanding thehydrodynamics of the discharge seepage for future backtracking, quantification and coastaland groundwater management. The study area Salalah, Dhofar Governorate, South of Oman is known to have a high natural groundwater recharge during the monsoon seasonand a karstic coastal seafloor, which results in a high potential of submarine groundwater discharge spots.


A decision tree is an important means of data mining and inductive learning, which is usually used to form classifiers and prediction models. C4.5 is one of the most classic classification algorithms on data mining, but when it is used in mass calculations, the efficiency is very low. In this paper, the rule of C4.5 is improved by the use of L'Hospital Rule, which simplifies the calculation process and improves the efficiency of decision-making algorithm. When calculating the rate of information gain, the similar principle is used, which improves the algorithm a lot. And the application at the end of the paper shows that the improved algorithm is efficient, which is more suitable for the application of large amounts of data, and its efficiency has been greatly improved in line with the practical application.


The three-nucleon $(3N)$ photodisintegration of ${}^{3}\mathrm{He}$ has been calculated in the whole phase space using consistent Faddeev equations for the three-nucleon bound and scattering states. Modern nucleon-nucleon and $3N$ forces have been applied, in addition to different approaches to nuclear currents. Phase space regions are localized where $3N$ force effects are especially large. In addition, semi-exclusive cross sections for ${}^{3}\mathrm{He}$ $(\ensuremath{\gamma},N),$ which carry interesting peak structures, have been predicted. Finally, some data for the exclusive $3N$ breakup process of ${}^{3}\mathrm{He}$ and its total breakup cross section have been compared to theory.


Planning is the primary task of encampment construction and encampment planning is important to the devel- opment of the army,so is the saving of it.This article discussed how to save the cost of encampment planning.Based on reality analysis and related work experiences,the author brought up some effective ways,which are easy to be mastered by encampment cadres.Undoubtedly,the article could serve as a guidance to encampment planning.


The relation between the flowing characteristics of electric current and the geological structure is one of very important issues in the study of geoelectric field in seismo-electromagnetics. This paper deals with heavy currents from four different sources injected into the underground and their consequences in the observations from the network of geoelectric field stations associated with the currents, which provides us with a good opportunity to study the issues. The sources are the earth electrodes of some substations of HVDC transmission line systems in East-south China around Shanghai area (Huadong area) with the currents of 1200 to 4780A injected. The recordings of the additional signals of geoelectric field corresponding to the currents have been collected at eight geoelectric field stations in the same area. The following features could be seen in the study. ① Some stations show the selectivity effect. The magnitude of the additional geoelectric field recorded at different stations varied from one source to another, for example Pudong station is near all the heavy current sources, but only the clear signals originated from Nanqiao earth electrode were recorded while no signals from other sources (Tongli, Huaxin, and Fengxian), which shows so-called selectivity effect of the site; ② Station-source distance effect. The maximum observation distance is 350 km, beyond that no additional geoelectric signals from the sources could be recorded; ③ The source azimuth determination has complicated characteristics. For example, at Chongming station the errors are minimum, only 0.2° and 0.8°, respectively, between the actual and calculated source azimuths determined by the signals from Tongli and Xinhua earth electrodes. However, Qingpu station is the nearest station from the heavy current sources, these errors are larger than that obtained from Chongming station due to some unknown reasons; ④ The effect of non-uniformity of the geoelectric field. At the stations in the studied area, the ratios of signals from long dipole over that of short dipoles do not follow the regular patterns which appear in the cases of homogeneous medium structure underneath the observation stations, which illustrates a kind of non-uniformity effect, which is discussed in detail in this paper and proved by the results from a 2-D high density geoelectrical prospecting in the studied area. ⑤ The peculiar reverse effect of polarization direction. For the additional geoelectric field signals recorded at Qingpu and Chongming stations the polarization directions on the long diploes and short diploes are reverse, which need to be further studied in the future to explain the phenomenon. The influence of the three factors, i.e., the configuration of a point source and the electrode distribution of station, the heterogeneity of medium in a large area, as well as the fine structure of the underground medium at a station, is discussed in this paper which might give a relatively clear explanation for the features mentioned above.


The results obtained using the object-based image analysis approach for remote sensing image analysis depend strongly on the quality of the segmentation step. In this paper, to optimize the scale parameter in a multiresolution segmentation, we analyse a high-resolution image of a large and heterogeneous agricultural area. This approach is based on using a set of agricultural plots extracted from official maps as uniform spatial units. The scale parameter is then optimized in each uniform spatial unit. Intra-object and inter-object heterogeneity measurements are used to evaluate each segmentation. To avoid subsegmentation, some oversegmentation is allowed, but is attenuated in a second step using the spectral difference segmentation algorithm. The statistical distribution of the scale parameter is not equal in all land uses, indicating the soundness of this local approach. A quantitative assessment of the results was also conducted for the different land covers. The results indicate that the spectral contrast between objects is larger with the local approach than with the global approach. These differences were statistically significant in all land uses except irrigated fruit trees and greenhouses. In the absence of subsegmentation, this suggests that the objects will be placed far apart in the space of variables, even if they are very close in the physical space. This is an obvious advantage in a subsequent classification of the objects.


The damaged parts and features of main frequency core type induction cast iron holding furnace lining are summarized as follows: inlet erosion, furnace structure off and erosion, sensors nodulation and plug up. The causes are analyzed, and the improvement measures are put forward and the lifetime of refractory are raised.


Abstract It is well known that the modulus G = r/(λ - λ−2) varies with deformation, thus deviating from the predictions of statistical theories of rubber elasticity which require it to be constant. It has also been found that there is a nonnegligible energy contribution to the elastic force. It is postulated that these two phenomena are related because both arise from energetic interaction between chains. Based on the lateral order of chains indicated by x-ray fiber diagrams of elongated noncrystallizable elastomers, it is suggested that energetic interaction of chains is induced by strain orientation. Proportionality between these two is assumed. The orientation distribution functions of end-to-end vectors and of statistical chain segments are considered. The proportionality constants are determined from the energy contribution to the strain dependence of the coefficient of thermal expansion. With the aid of these constants the modulus, corrected for energy contribution, is calculated. The observed and c...


Abstract An alternate method for determining blood sulfonamides has been described. The method offers a substitute protein precipitant, prepared from readily available laboratory reagents. Results are comparable with those obtained by the standard trichloracetic acid method.


Ten percent of patients assessed at Toronto General Hospital Eating Disorder Centre require admission to hospital. In a comparative study of 100 consecutive admissions, differences in weight, eating disorder symptoms, and psychopathology between inpatients and outpatients were most apparent in the group with bulimia nervosa. Patients admitted with anorexia nervosa and with bulimia nervosa also had a longer duration of illness compared to outpatients. At discharge the anorexic patients weighed approximately 85% of ideal body weight. After a mean follow-up period of 2 years, 50% of patients were in the "good" outcome category, vshereas 16% were rated as having a "poor" outcome. Patient attitudes to various components of the program did not appear to influence outcome.


Abstract Thermodynamic considerations using surface tension data involving model compounds show that the adhesive bond between a silicone rubber and an alumina substrate is not stable in the presence of water if only dispersion forces are effective. The observed stability is due to chemical links which form before the rubber crosslinks thus removing reactivity.


As is well known, the cutting tool wear has a negative impact on machining precision. A precise tool wear monitoring method plays an important role in facilitating in-time cutting tool replacement, decreasing the risk of tool failure, and enhancing the machining precision. This work proposes an end-to-end approach for online tool wear monitoring based on deep learning. Firstly, a temporal convolutional network (TCN) is designed to extract features in time series from raw sensor data acquired during the cutting process. Secondly, a fully connected network is built to decode the extracted features into the exact value of tool wear. Finally, the approach is validated on PHM 2010 challenge dataset. Experimental studies show that the flank wear of the cutting tool can be monitored not only precisely, but also fast, indicating that the proposed approach has great prospects for application.


Skeleton-based action recognition is a long-standing task in computer vision which aims to distinguish different human actions by identifying their unique characteristic patterns in the input data. Most of the existing Graph Convolutional Network (GCN) models developed for this task primarily model the skeleton graph as either directed or undirected. Furthermore, these models also restrict the receptive field in the temporal domain to a fixed range which significantly inhibits their expressive power. Therefore, we propose a mixed graph network comprising both directed and undirected graph networks with a multi-range temporal module called MMGCN. In this way, the model can benefit from the different interpretations of the same action by the different graphs. Moreover, the multi-range temporal module enhances the model's expressive power as it can choose the appropriate receptive field for each layer, thus allowing the model to dynamically adapt to the input data. With this lightweight MMGCN model, we further show that deep learning models can learn the underlying patterns in the data and model large receptive fields without additional semantics or high model complexity. Finally, this model achieved state-of-the-art results on three benchmark datasets namely NTU RGB+D, NTU RGB+D 120 and Northwestern-UCLA despite its low model complexity thus proving its effectiveness.


This paper studies the Big Data ecosystem and regulatory approaches for the technological issues used in Kazakhstan. Key points are considered in terms of the importance and necessity of managing data at various levels for decision-making and facilitating their introduction into economic circulation, including an analysis of international approaches and cases in the use of data by authorities and organizations. The main aim of this paper is to make analysis and prepare model for improving policies for the development of Big Data policies included analytics at national level.


Debating with the sculptor Etienne-Maurice Falconet the role played by posterity in artistic creation, Denis Diderot compares the relationship between an artist and his work to that of a father and his child. In both cases, he asserts, an unbreakable bond connects the progenitor through his offspring to future generations: it is this, be argues, that motivates heroic actions and great art. (1) Falconet, however, rejects the paternal metaphor. For him, there is a categorical distinction between a child of flesh and blood and the inert matter of his sculptures. He concedes that he is as one with the stone while he is working. But once finished, the piece stands alone, just like a ripe pear after falling from the tree. (2) Foregrounding discontinuity between the present and the future--his sculpture might be lost, damaged, even destroyed--he professes indifference to the judgment of those who come after him. The act of creation is an end in itself. The question of posterity was one that Diderot and Falconet pursued in their correspondence over many months. According to Yves Benot, what was really at stake in this debate, at least for Diderot, was not a concern for personal recognition. Far more important to him was to defend the political agency of the writer against the cynicism induced in others by the system of materialism that he too espoused. (3) It was of course his faith in the potential of the writer to effect social change that explicitly informed his conception of the Encyclopedie. This same belief in authorial power lay just as crucially behind his extensive yet anonymous contributions to the abbe Raynal's Histoire philosophique et politique des etablissements et du commerce des Europeens dans les deux Indes to which he subsequently devoted many of his waking hours. If this vast compendium of colonial knowledge was (and still is) referred to as Raynal's history, this was not least because between the first edition of 1770 and the third, dated 1780, the paratext was expanded by adding first the portrait and then the name of the abbe. (4) This was a provocative gesture that forced Raynal into exile. It was also a clever marketing strategy that played no small part in turning the work into an international best seller and its "author" into a celebrity across Europe and the colonial world. (5) However, if the Histoire artfully establishes an identifiable authorial center--or in Michel Foucault's terms, an "author-function"--through its paratextual apparatus, from another perspective (as was indeed recognized by many contemporary readers), (6) it was also a work that systematically concealed or circumvented the question of authorship: that of Diderot and those other consultants like Antoine-Laurent de Jussieu and Jean-Francois de Saint-Lambert who were directly involved in the text's composition, and that also of the myriad published and unpublished sources on which Raynal and they liberally drew. (7) So why should Diderot--even if against payment--have been willing to hide his face behind Raynal's? His own interventions in the text provide a response. Ina passage forming the conclusion to book 19, he locates the Histoire within an intertextual chain of texts that he sees extending from the past into the future: each text giving birth successively to others. Addressing posterity, his hope as writing subject is not that his name will be remembered by those who come after him but that he will have contributed in some measure to changes that will have secured their future happiness. (8) He does not just see the Histoire (and implicitly his own contributions) as part of an ongoing relay of texts through time. Another interpolation of his--inserted into the very opening pages of book 1--places the work equally firmly in spatial terms as having been shaped by an international network of voices, emphasizing the efforts that have been undertaken to gather information from at is parts of the globe irrespective of distance and language. …


Pummelo seeds are classified as recalcitrant seeds, do not tolerate the low moisture level, low temperature storage or strong light. To carry out successful breeding programmed and also for genetical as well as rootstock studies, it is essential to have a high percentage of seed germination and uniform size of the seedlings. The present study was carried out to investigate the effect of GA3 solution and storage period on rate of seed germination and on growth of pummelo seedlings. For this aim; the trial was conducted in FRBD, with two factors viz., three levels of storage period and seven pre-sowing seed treatments. Thus, there were 21 treatment combinations and were 8 replicated thrice. The storage period was S1fresh seeds, S2-15 days stored seeds at ambient temperature, S330 days stored seeds at ambient temperature. Different pre-sowing seed treatments were T1control (i.e. No seed treatment), T2water soaking for 24 hrs, T3scalding at 50 C for 24 hrs, T4soaking of seeds in 50 ppm GA3 solution for 24 hours, T5soaking of seeds in 100 ppm GA3 solution for 24 hours, T6soaking of seeds in 150 ppm GA3 solution for 24 hours, T7soaking of seeds in 200 ppm GA3 solution for 24 hours. Observations on leaf area, 14 root volume; AGR (absolute growth rate) and RGR (relative growth rate) were recorded at 6 months age. Among, different physiological parameters studied, storage period had a significant effect on most of the characters viz; leaf area, root volume, AGR and RGR. From the result obtained and analyzed, during the present investigation, it could be concluded that, most of the pre-sowing seed treatments and their interaction effect, like freshly harvested seeds soaked with GA3 at 50 ppm for 24 hrs, followed by scalding at 50 C for 24 hrs treated pummelo seeds had shown better results, on percent germination and most of the growth parameters of pummelo seedlings than control.


Supervision of academic performance is very important to ensure that students can complete their education on time. There have been many proposed applications of machine learning algorithms to predict students' academic performance. Prediction is done by analyzing a dataset of historical academic of the student's grade. The dataset which analyzed has many variables (features), this can increase complexity and decrease model performance because maybe not all features are relevant. We propose to implement the forward selection algorithm to select features that can improve model performance. The result shows that the performance of predictive models of students academic scores can improve with the application of feature selection.


The author considers meteorological symbols in the lyrics of English poets-romanticists from the viewpoint of translation. The article highlights the status of meteolexis as a realia, a metaphor and a symbol in the lyrics of English poets-romanticists. There is a pretranslation and translation analysis of the poetic text in the article. The author also defines basic translation strategies.


The Tomb Builders of the Pharaohs. Morris Bierbrier. Cairo: The American University in Cairo Press, 1992. Second edition. 160 pp., 100 b/w illustrations, chronology, bibliography, photo sources, index. $15.00 (paper).


The aim of the paper is to present a way to reduce mechanical vibrations that are transmitted to the operator's arm at workplace. This can be done using a simulating device, a damper mounted parallel to the forearm, between the wrist and the elbow. The new idea of this paper is the studding of possibility simulation of this model with/without vibration attenuation device, which will be mounted along of the forearm.


in the course of our joint studies on the local treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis. The injection is carried out by means of a 5 e.cm. syringe, to which is fitted a cannula 2 mm. in diameter and 11 cm. in length, of which the distal 4 cm. are bent on the remainder at an angle of 1100. The material injected consists of 1 c.cm. of a 1 per cent solution of adrenaline, to which has been added 2 c.cm. of boiled water. The patient, who must be in a good light, is asked to breathe as slowly and deeply as possible, while the operator, holding the tongue between the thumb and forefinger of the left hand and the


mental animals by Denny-Brown and Meyer (1957). An explanation of this type would account for the relationship observed between transient ischaemic attacks and polycythaemia by Millikan, Siekert, and Whisnant (1960) and probably also for the impressive results obtained by Fisher (1958b) and Millikan, Siekert, and Whisnant (1958) in the treatment of ischaemic attacks with coumarol derivatives, though it is still not clear whether coumarol and indanedione drugs prevent the formation of platelet thrombi in vivo in therapeutic dosage (Fulton et al., 1953; Murphy and Mustard, 1961).


Orebody thickness is a key factor of ore resources/reserves.However,its applied calculation formulaes at present are intricate and go wrong easily.In order to acquire the ore body thickness quickly and accurately.Calculation formula are summarized to one in light of 3 conditons arising between ore bodies and line situations.By the formula which is also applied to calculate rock stratum thinkness in tested geological sections,orebody true thickness will be calculated if only true attitudes of ore bodies and lines are known without considering other factors.


In this paper, we solve Buffon's needle problem for a needle consisting of two line segments connected in a pivot point.


This study aimed to determine seasonal dengue infection rates in Ae. aegypti mosquitoes and dengue infection in suspected patients in 4 central provinces of Thailand. Ae. aegypti mosquitoes collected during three seasons and blood specimens taken from patients with suspected dengue were detected and serotyped for dengue viruses using RT-PCR. The biting behavior of Ae. aegypti females was studied by 24-hour mosquitoes collection once a month using human bait for determination of seasonal biting rate. Dengue infection rates in Ae. aegypti females obtained from all the 4 provinces were highest in hot season and varied from place to place ranging from 64.4% to 77.5%, whereas morbidity rates of DHF appeared to be highest in rainy season. The occurrence of transovarial transmission was found in local Ae. aegypti larvae and males in all provinces investigated ranging from 18.3 % to 46.9 % and from 12.0% to 46.3%, respectively. Serotyping of dengue viruses in Ae. aegypti showed that DENV 3 and DENV 1 were the two most predominant serotypes, followed by DENV 2 and DENV 4. Similarly, DENV 1 and DENV 3 were the two most prevalent serotypes detected in the serum of suspected patients, followed by DENV 2 and DENV 4. The highest biting activity of Ae. aegypti females took place in hot season with the biting rate of 30 mosquitoes/person/hour. Data obtained from this study could be used as powerful tools for virological surveillance in Ae. aegypti populations before the occurrence of dengue outbreaks in endemic and newly dengue-introduced areas.


Objective:To investigate the direct interaction between HMGB1 and NFAT2.Method:Firstly,the direct interaction between HMGB1 and NFAT2 in vitro was examined. pET28a(+) -HMGB1 and pGEX-KG-NFAT2 plasmid were constructed. pET28a(+) -HMGB1 was used for in vitro transcription and translation in TNT Reticulocyte Lysate System to get 35S-labeled His-HMGB1 fusion protein. GST-NFAT2 fusion protein was isolated and purified for GST-pull down examination with His-HMGB1 protein. Secondly,their direct interaction in vivo was examined. HMGB1 and NFAT2 eukaryotic expression plasmid were transfected into 293T cells simultaneously. After 24 h,cell lysate was collected for co-immune precipitation(co-IP) measurement. Proteins were precipitated with anti-Flag antibody and subsequently detected with anti-HMGB1 antibody.Result:Result showed that HMGB1 specifically bound to GST-NFAT2 in vitro. Co-IP showed that HMGB1 protein could bind to NFAT2 protein directly in vivo.Conclusion:HMGB1 protein could directly bind to NFAT2 protein in vivo and in vitro.


1016 Background: Genetic testing of minors for adult-onset diseases has generally been discouraged. One study reported 53% of parents with a BRCA1/2 mutation discussed test results with their minor children. Thus, despite a restriction on genetic testing in minors, limited evidence suggests many teenagers and children are informed of their genetic risk. Methods: We sought to evaluate the rate of parental disclosure to adult and minor children, under the age of 25, within our Cancer Risk Clinic. BRCA1/2 mutation carriers were interviewed by telephone and asked to recall their experience with, motivations for, and opinions regarding, communication of genetic test results to their children under the age of 25 years old. Open-ended survey responses were coded for descriptive analysis. Results: To date, 42 BRCA1/2 carriers have been interviewed, with 88% of participants women; 93% Caucasian. Median age of probands: 45 years old. Subjects had a total of 91 children; 60% female. The median age of the children at...


In article material by definition of technical condition of the car/mechanism is provided. Operability definition is given, working capacity and technical condition of the car. Ways of digitization of these concepts are given.


Reliable automated analysis and examination of biomedical images requires reproducible and robust extraction of contained image objects. However, the necessary description of image content as visually relevant objects is context-dependent and determined by parameters such as resolution, orientation, and, of course, the clinical-diagnostic question. Therefore a computer-based approach has to model both examination context and image acquisition as expert knowledge. Generally, static solutions are not satisfying because a change of application will most likely require a redesign of the analysis process. In contrast to non-satisfying statical solution, this paper describes a flexible approach, which allows medical examiners the context-sensitive extraction of sought objects from almost arbitrary medical images, without requiring technical knowledge on image analysis and processing. Since this methodology is applicable to any analysis task on large image sets, it works for general image series analysis as well as image retrieval. The new approach combines classical image analysis with the idea of data mining to close the gap between low abstraction on the technical level and high-level expert knowledge on image content and understanding.


The perception of risk takes place within a cultural context that is affected by individual and societal values, risk information, personal experience, and the physical environment. Researchers have found that measures of {open_quotes}voluntariness of risk assumption,{close_quotes} of {open_quotes}disaster potential,{close_quotes} and of {open_quotes}benefit{close_quotes} are important in explaining risk acceptability. A review of cross-cultural studies of risk perception and risk acceptance, as well as an informal stakeholder survey, are used to assess the public acceptability of radioactive scrap metal recycling.


Cognitive radio technology is tendency and the direction of future communication development,it is also the focus of the communication research.Aimming at solving the problem of goals optimization under certain channel condition in its physical layer and medium link layer in cognitive radio system.The problems of goals optimization problem in cognitive radio based on the basic thoughts of quantum particle crowd algorithm are solved and thoughts of quantum particle crowd algorithm in the cognitive radio system are used for carrying out proper improvements.Finally it emulates the optimization problem using the radio station controlled by WSGA.


In this atrlcle. to polnt out the Importance and the role of cash management; first we discussed flnancial planning, worklng Capital management and the relation betvveen cash and other assets. Then, we mainly concentrated on cash manage-ment models and the shortcomings of them.


High‐frequency fields in an underwater surface duct with monotonic velocity profile in depth cannot be expressed solely in terms of ray contributions when transmitter and receiver are both located on or near the surface since the caustics of rays with many reflections pile up near the surface. However, it is possible to employ a hybrid formulation in terms of a truncated ray series and an appropriately chosen number of tightly bound surface waves [L. B. Felsen and T. Ishihara, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. (to be published)]. As the receiver moves sufficiently far into the duct interior, it is no longer reached by rays undergoing many reflections. Ray acoustics alone, properly corrected near (isolated) caustics, should then provide an adequate description. This is confirmed by a detailed numerical study of the field as a function of range and depth, with data calculated from various representations involving normal mode expansions, ray acoustics, a "canonical integral" formulation. and the ray‐mode mixture. It is also shown that even when ray acoustics is adequate, a hybrid ray‐mode combination can be chosen so as to avoid the caustic correction problem entirely. [Work supported by ONR.]


If you think of medical prostheses, then artificial limbs, hip replacements or cochlear implants may spring to mind. These are all undoubtedly impressive feats of medical engineering, but scientists are now attempting to develop something altogether more complex – a retinal prosthesis. This is a device designed to restore some vision to blind people by bypassing damaged photoreceptors in the retina and stimulating the neuronal cells at the end of a still healthy optic nerve. Some dozen research groups around the world – both academic and commercial – are developing these devices, bringing together ophthalmologists and surgeons with physicists and engineers.


Cauchy coefficient integrals and Hankel contours provide a natural generalization of Stirling numbers for unrestricted complex values of their arguments. Many classical identities survive such an extension.


Cultural conflict is rampant in diverse societies and in schools, particularly. It manifests in both subtle and overt ways, permeating the whole school environment. The purpose of this study was to investigate the nature and extent of conflict in schools administered by mines in Zimbabwe, so as to suggest a suitable education strategy. The qualitative research approach of the study was executed anddocument analysis, face-to-face interviews and focus group discussions as well as classroom observation were used to collect data. Three school administrators, three School Development Committee (SDC) members, two company managers, three Grade 2 teachers and thirty Grade 6 learners were purposively selected to participate in the study. It emerged from the study that conflict was attributable to teachers with no command of language(s) spoken by the school-going population and who also lacked training and aptitude for the task of dealing with language and cultural diversity in the classroom. It was also found that cultural conflict as described above could be reduced by establishing well-resourced language learning centres that fostervalues such as respect, tolerance and dialogue.


Exposure bias widely exists in recommender systems, particularly in the case of with implicit feedbacks. It seriously influences user's satisfaction of recommendations. There are a number of methods for mitigating the exposure bias from different perspectives. In this paper, we survey the publications that focus on addressing the exposure bias issue in RS with the help of causal inference ideas. We propose a simple taxonomy consisting of bias discovery, evaluation estimator, recommendation modeling, ranking algorithm for the debiasing methods in our study. Based on the taxonomy, we discuss how those methods are beneficial to recommender systems to mitigate the exposure bias using causal graph and propensity score. Finally, we conduct the challenges and point out the future research directions.


The present article deals with Polish and Czech terms that denote people with disabilities placing a particular focus on the structure of these terms and the frequency of their use in current language. The study is based on articles about the XI Paralympic Winter Games in Sochi published in the online issues of Polish and Czech newspapers from March 2014. The texts show a tendency to use alternate, euphemistic terms instead of the more established ones.


Preface The Supreme Court and the Establishment Clause The Quest for the Historical Establishment Clause Church and State under the Establishment Clause: The First One Hundred and Fifty Years Establishing a New Approach Bibliography Index


Maximalism is the name of the style that has started to find a place for itself in the art and design
literature since the second half of the 20th century, which has a colorful, vibrant and rich structure in form.
Maximalism, which was first seen in the field of fashion, began to inspire many designers, especially in the field
of graphic design, for various reasons after the first decade of the 21st century, and at the same time became
more desirable by customers.
In this research, design movement maximalism will be examined. In this direction, the determined problem
of the research is "What are the reasons why Maximalism is being preferred in graphic design since the 21st
century?". The purpose of the research is to express the reasons for the popularization of maximalism in the
field of graphic design, and also to explain the features of the movement by identifying the common aspects
of maximalism with other art and design trends that have inspired maximalism. The research is a qualitative
study based on descriptive model. In order to form the conceptual framework in the research and discuss
the research problem, a document review was carried out. The aim of the research is to clarify the concept of
maximalism and to contribute to the graphic design literature.


New problems of plastic forming at creep of transversely isotropic three-dimensional bodies are considered. In addition to the sought fields, boundary condition and ingoing sizes have also to be determined on the basis of the given shape in these problems. Experimental justification is given to the proposed constitutive equations of steady creep for transversely isotropic materials with different characteristics under tension and compression. The problem of control of boundary conditions and body ingoing sizes to decrease the discrepancy in residual displacement and creep damage is formulated and investigated.


More than four months have passed since Hungary took over the Presidency of the EU, prompting the need for a review of its performance so far.

More than four months have passed since Hungary took over the Presidency of the EU from its predecessor, Belgium. As the last member of the Spanish-Belgian-Hungarian Trio, Hungary will be in charge of all the EU Council's institutions and their preparatory forums until 30 June 2011. Having passed the mid-point of its six-month term it is time to draw up an interim balance sheet of how the first Hungarian Presidency has performed. The evaluation starts with the initial priorities of Hungary, continues with the preparations and unforeseen challenges it has encountered in its first four months and, finally, looks at the concrete results achieved so far.


Becoming Animal with the Victorians Universite Paris Diderot, Thursday 4 - Friday 5 February 2016 The subject of Victorian relationships with animals is a complex one and necessitates an engagement with many disciplines from history, economics and politics to botany, zoology, art and literature. That relationship is often one of dominance but it is also an embrace of the animal as an ideal and a questioning of the centrality of the human. The concept of "becoming-animal" that Gilles Deleuze ...


Advanced artificial intelligence (AI) technologies have become so integrated in our daily lives that they no longer fascinate us. Online database search engines, image search engines with embedded recognition systems, device management by voice, have all become normal and common. However, every time I use Shazam, I am amazed at its speed in identifying music, its version and author. Sometimes in less than a second!


A split-gate SiC trench gate MOSFET with stepped thick oxide, source-connected split-gate (SG), and p-type pillar (p-pillar) surrounded thick oxide shielding region (GSDP-TMOS) is investigated by Silvaco TCAD simulations. The source-connected SG region and p-pillar shielding region are introduced to form an effective two-level shielding, which reduces the specific gate–drain charge (Q gd,sp) and the saturation current, thus reducing the switching loss and increasing the short-circuit capability. The thick oxide that surrounds a p-pillar shielding region efficiently protects gate oxide from being damaged by peaked electric field, thereby increasing the breakdown voltage (BV). Additionally, because of the high concentration in the n-type drift region, the electrons diffuse rapidly and the specific on-resistance (R on,sp) becomes smaller. In the end, comparing with the bottom p+ shielded trench MOSFET (GP-TMOS), the Baliga figure of merit (BFOM, BV 2/R on,sp) is increased by 169.6%, and the high-frequency figure of merit (HF-FOM, R on,sp × Q gd,sp) is improved by 310%, respectively.


In this paper, we illustrate the contribution of certain theories of social psychology, in the analysis of the legal fact, from the experience of a sample of French citizens, who have played the part of an assize juror. Our lexical analysis, carried out on the basis on forty interviews with past jurors, shows the diversity of the forms of social influence, to which they are the object, stressing three extra-legal variables : the influence of the chairman of the court ; the dynamics of the interactions between the jurors, especially during the stage of the deliberations, and the influence of the media.


Nowadays, Network and multimedia are the trend of the development of the e-Learning technology. With the rapid development of the network technique and the prevalence of the Internet, e-Learning has become the major trend of the development of international education. With the fast development of Internet, people prefer e-Learning to traditional learning in classroom. It promotes e-Learning consequently. Instead of building an e-Learning system from scratch, it can be assembled by choosing the required functionalities from a set of web services related to eLearning. Web services eliminate many interoperability issues between components written and running on different hardware and software platforms. This project aims to construct a set of e-Learning web services. With these web services, new e-Learning system(s) can be constructed by choosing the services which are required. The developed web services include assessment, course management, grading and reporting services.


Based on the reynolds time-averaged Navier-Stokes equations and the standard k-e model,the simple algorithm with multiple reference frame coordination was applied to the analysis of three-dimensional turbulence flow in a IS80-50-315 centrifugal pump by means of Fluent.The pressure and velocity distributions at different flow rate were obtained.The effect of flow rate on operational performance of the centrifugal pump was also investigated.The present work is helpful to the design of this kind of centrifugal pump.


The aim of the study is to present a methodology for analyzing pollution emissions in a medium-sized city using modern traffic simulations in the aspect of minimizing exhaust emissions. The scope of the research and the methods of analysis used differ from those applied in big cities projects that can be found in the literature, Therefore the progressive elaboration model has been applied methodically to formulate and carry out the feasibility study. To perform microscopic traffic simulations, the software Simulation of Urban Mobility (SUMO—German Aerospace Center (DLR), Berlin, Germany) was applied. Thanks to the simulations, changes in traffic organization were accurately identified in the context of pollution emissions before they were implemented. The proposed approach allows a smooth flow of vehicles and a reduction of exhaust emissions. The experiments, supported by visual modelling of traffic with respect to pollution emissions, were performed on one of the main arteries of the city of Czestochowa (Poland). The results were used to explain the benefits of planned roadworks and convince the city government of the necessity to modernize the communication network.


When the wet flue gas of a gas power plant is discharged, a white wet plume of flue gas will be produced, causing environmental and visual pollution. Local governments require the treatment of white wet Plume of flue gas. This paper establishes a model of the process of flue gas emission to produce white wet plume of flue gas, and the numerical method is used to solve it. The effects of factors such as flue gas emission temperature and flue gas moisture content on the generation of white wet plume of flue gas are studied respectively. The results show that the numerical simulation method has a good simulation effect for studying the generation conditions and factors of the white wet Plume of flue gas. It is possible to obtain the limit emission temperature and the emission moisture content of the flue gas emission without producing white wet Plume of flue gas. It is possible to study the generation of white wet plume of flue gas under the conditions of different flue gas emission temperature and emission moisture content, and provide reference and guidance for the engineering practice of power plant flue gas reduction or elimination of white wet plume of flue gas.


A passive mixer-first receiver with negative feedback to adjust the input impedance is introduced in this paper. By adding a frequency translational negative feedback from baseband output to RF input, the proposed receiver can be matched well around the LO frequency. The current mode passive mixer-first receiver with negative feedback is designed in a 0.18 μm CMOS process. The prototype is functional from 1.26 to 1.31 GHz and achieves a 7.8 dB noise figure and a 12 dBm in-band IIP3. The feedback transforms the original unmatched input impedance to 50 Ω, which is appropriate for a RF system.


This paper presents an overview of the emerging field of predictive engineering. This is an integrated approach to life-cycle analysis, system monitoring, and management and usable-life prediction that is built on life assurance methodologies, measurements, data analysis and the application of predictive models applied to critical structures and systems. The science and technology that is now becoming predictive engineering has been developing over a period of nearly 30 years. Research is currently in progress to develop predictive engineering for application to critical defense infrastructure and systems, including units in the national conventional munitions stockpile, and to extend its application to elements in the critical national infrastructure.


ABSTRACT Tear film breakup time (BUT) and location were determined in 100 young men. BUT ranged from 10 seconds to over 60 seconds. The desiccated locations were randomly distributed over the entire corneal surface, and appeared most often temporally or inferiorly as a dot or a streak.


An algebraic formalization of the object-orlented data model is proposed. The formalism reveals that the semantics of the object-oriented model consists of two portions. One is expressed by an algebraic construct, which has essentially a value-oriented semantics. The other is expressed by object-identities, which characterize the essential difference of the object-oriented model and value-oriented models, such as the relational model and the logical database model. These two portions are integrated by a simple commutativity of modeling functions. The formalism includes the expression of integrity constraints in its construct, which provides the natural integration of the logical database model and the object-oriented database model.


A computerized library acquisition system developed for control of informational materials acquired at NASA Ames Research Center is described. The system monitors the acquisition of both library and individual researchers' orders and supplies detailed financial, statistical, and bibliographical information. Applicability for other libraries and the future availability of the program is discussed.


Lithium hydroxide halides, as a family of lithium-ion conductive materials, have a promising potential on the application of solid state electrolytes. In this work, we have synthesized orthohombic Li2OHI through a facile mechanochemical method. The obtained sample exhibits a higher lithium-ion conductivity than solid sintering, which can be attributed to the high purity and crystallinity obtained from ball milling. Ball milling can avoid the phase segregation of Li2OHI at high temperature and promote the sufficient eutectic reaction of binary system, which can be widely used in the synthesis of other materials with low melting points.


INTRODUCTION
Secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure poses risks to pregnant women and children. Though smoking among pregnant women in many low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) is low, exposure to SHS might be higher. We examined the prevalence and predictors of SHS among pregnant women from Costa Rica, the Dominican Republic, and Honduras.

METHODS
Postpartum women 18+ years old who completed pregnancy in past five years were surveyed in health care and community settings.

RESULTS
Data for 1081 women indicated low tobacco use [1.0-3.7%], frequent exposure to active smokers [29.0-34.0%], often being close enough to breathe others' smoke [49.4-66.5%], and most having smoke-free home policies [70.8-76.2%]. Women reporting unintended pregnancy [aOR:1.44, 95%CI 1.03,2.00], and alcohol consumption [aOR:1.92, 95%CI 1.34, 2.77] were more likely to be close enough to breathe others' smoke. Women with health problems during pregnancy [aOR:1.48 95%CI 1.07, 2.06] were more likely to have home smoking policies. Tobacco use was associated with all SHS exposure outcomes.

CONCLUSIONS
SHS exposure was high during pregnancy; women with higher risk variables, i.e., tobacco use, alcohol consumption, and unintended pregnancy were more likely to be exposed. Addressing SHS exposure in pregnancy in LMICs can improve maternal health outcomes in vulnerable populations.

IMPLICATIONS
The study results suggest a cluster of multiple risk factors associated with a high prevalence of exposure to secondhand smoke among pregnant women in LIMCs from Latin America and Caribbean Region (LAC). Interventions, regulations, and policies need to address specific high-risk factors to change behaviors and improve maternal and child health outcomes especially in vulnerable populations.


Objective:To investigate the effects of atorvastatin on GLUT4 expression in myocardial tissue of spontaneously hypertensive rats(SHR) and its reverse effect and possible mechanism of cardiac hypertrophy.Methods: 16 eight-week-old male spontaneously hypertensive rats were randomly divided into two groups: Group of atorvastatin intervention(ATV,n= 8),and group of SHR model comparison(SHR,n=8).8 Wistar-kyoto rats with the same age were served as the normal control(WKY,n=8).The groups were intragastric administration by atorvastatin for 10 weeks,and the change of blood lipid,the index of cardiac hypertrophy and GLUT4 mRNA protein expression will be observed.Results: There was not obvious difference of blood lipid level between ATV and SHR group(P0.05) after 10 week's treatment.Compared with SHR group,the index of left ventricular mass is lower in ATV group(P0.05).The GLUT4 expression of ATV group is higher than SHR group(P0.05).Conclusion: Atorvastatin increases GLUT4 expression in SHR cardiac hypertrophy and effectively reverses left ventricular hypertrophy of spontaneously hypertensive rats.


Cryopreservation of gametes has significant importance in the advancement of assisted reproductive technologies (ART) in the management of livestock and laboratory animal species, conservation of biodiversity, and treatment of human infertility. Cryopreservation also reduces the cost, genetic drift and diseases associated with maintaining live animals and cell lines. The increasing use of mammalian gametes obtained from the testis, and excurrent ducts, and the ovaries in ART has, therefore, been enhanced by the cryopreservation. There is need to maximize survival of cryopreserved gametes and the ability of cryopreserved gametes to produce embryos. Gametes from bovine ovaries and testes obtained from abattoirs, and culled buffalo testes were used to examine the effects of cryopreservation of gametes on embryo development, and the ability of frozen-thawed African buffalo ( Syncerus caffer caffer) epididymal sperm in in vitro production of cattle x Buffalo hybrid embryos. Effects of a commercial tris-egg yolk-based extender, Biladyl® (BIL) and modified Tyrode's lactate (MTL) on sperm fertilizing potential were compared by evaluating sperm motility, viability, and membrane and acrosome integrity. Tyrode's lactate medium was supplemented with 20 % foetal bovine serum (FBS) and 0.95 M glycerol (GL Y), ethylene glycol (EG) or dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). Pre-freezing effects of the extenders and cryoprotectants were minimal in all treatments. Post-thaw parameters were lower (P < 0.05) than the prefreezing parameters and the highest difference (P < 0.0001) was observed after 0 h of equilibration. Post-thaw motility and viability of treatments equilibrated for 2 h and 4 h in MTL, and frozen with GL Y or EG were not different from the control (P > 0.05). Significant differences in post-thaw membrane and acrosomal status occurred between the control and treatments equilibrated for 2 h and 4 h. Using MTL with GL Y or EG, and 2 h or 4 h of equilibration produced results comparable to the control. However, freezing bull epididymal spermatozoa without equilibration is not recommended, and DMSO should only be used in MTL in the absence of GL Y and EG. Bovine epididymal spermatozoa cryopreserved in BIL and MTL after equilibration for 2 h and 4 h was used to inseminate in vitro matured bovine oocytes. In vitro embryo development was assessed to compare the efficacy of BIL and MTL in cryopreserving the fertilizing potential of bovine epididymal spermatozoa. Cleavage rates varied between the treatments, and were lower (P < 0.05) for the treatments than that of the control (BIL). As embryo development progressed, differences between treatments decreased except for sperm cryopreserved in iii Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za


Purpose: To design and develop an innovative prostate therapy motion sensor that applies an optical fiber based sensing technique to measure the deformation of a rectal balloon in order to measure real‐time prostate motion for radiation therapy. Methods: Based on the absorption spectra's high‐sensitivity to curvature in a long period grating (LPG) written in an optical fiber, a LPG based fiber sensor is utilized to monitor prostate motion by being attached to rectal balloon. To mimic very realistic prostate motion, we use an anthropomorphic prostate phantom modified by Kyoto Kagaku, Inc. with a large hole for the insertion of a sphere of realistic prostate size. It moves with a rigid bent arm attached to the Washington University 4D Motion Phantom. An inserted water tank allows for water to be around the prostate at all times as it moves. The rectal balloon, with fiber sensing head attached, is inserted into the phantom and placed adjacent to the prostate sphere. To detect the sensing signal, a broadband light source and an optical spectrum analyzer are used to complete the whole sensing system. Results: The prostate sphere movement results in curvature change of the fiber, and consequently spectral change of the LPG. The experimental results reveal that the spectral response of the LPG is linearly dependent on the degree of the curvature. Consequently, any position change of prostate is detected by monitoring the spectral change of the LPG‐based optical fiber sensing system. Since the sensor's sensitivities to curvature is up to 6.87 nm/m‐1, high displacement resolution of less than 0.1 mm is obtained. Conclusions: We have demonstrated a prototype of a novel real‐time prostate motion monitoring system based on optical fiber sensing techniques to measure rectal balloon deformation. Experimental results suggest the potential to improve radiation prostate treatment by monitoring prostate movement, when a balloon is used.


The present invention provides an aqueous Ifosfamide compositions and a method of manufacturing the same, the composition, urinary tract protecting agent, having reduced toxicity over the simultaneous use of Mesna. Ifosfamide aqueous composition may be prepared at concentrations as high as 1100 mg / ml.


There is growing interest among scholars and policy makers to develop sustainable entrepreneurial competences in pre-emerging, frontier markets characterized by limited access to advanced capital, high protectionism, and weak formal institutional environments. To become internationally competitive, these markets need to radically rethink their long-standing, embedded practices, which have often been linked to socioeconomic inequality. Our study, grounded in corporate entrepreneurship, is an exploratory analysis of why and how well-established firms, operating in the financial service industry, created more equity-based businesses practices to enter the new industry of mobile banking. The firms in our study needed a combination of both economic incentives and social pressures to do so but, in the process, developed new entrepreneurial competencies. Successful firms were those that significantly altered their embedded practices and engaged in fostering new informal relationships with previously overlooked stakeholders, particularly customers from indigenous backgrounds. Our multi-case, inductive research design offers theoretical and practical insights regarding how incorporating internal and external corporate entrepreneurial factors in an underserved market setting, such as the frontier market of Guatemala, not only fosters socioeconomic equality but also creates international attractiveness and competitiveness.


Most biomolecules are chiral. Circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy is typically used to provide information about that chirality. But the data for mixtures of biomolecules can be difficult to inter...


A modified artificial bee optimisation is proposed in this study. The algorithm is based on the colony behaviour of certain bee species to achieve optimal solution in the bounded environment. The proposed algorithm is designed by improving the exploration knowledge of onlooker bee from meta-heuristic concept in search space. The multiple searches are proposed in the exploration phase to evaluate the multi objective functions. The performance of the proposed algorithm is tested on the typical benchmark equations and complex case of the polymerisation of propylene in fluidized bed reactor. The proposed technique is able to provide an optimal solutions and it shows a good performance in term of convergence, accuracy and computational load.


Objective: An appropriate measuring instrument for assessing if sports activity changes after a surgical treatment is not available yet. We hypothesised that the Heidelberg Sport Activity Score is a valid and adequate instrument for measuring sport activity in patients before and after operative treatment. Design: This retrospective study presents a new score (Heidelberg Sports Activity Score-HAS) for measuring the sport activity in 11 selected sports. Validity, sensitivity and test-retest-reliability have been assessed. Setting: The score includes importance of the sports for patients, impairment of the corresponding joint, and frequency and duration of the sporting activities undertaken. The HAS was validated using 3 criteria: external validation, internal comparison of groups and correlation with the Tegner Score. Patients: A total of 655 patients were recruited for this study. The inclusion criterion was a planned or already received reconstruction (such as a high tibial osteotomy or implantation of a hip or knee prosthesis). The sport activity of these patients was evaluated before and after treatment. Main Outcome Measurement: The mean HAS was 32.1 points preoperatively and 37.0 postoperatively (p=0.017). Results: A high correlation was found between the HAS and the Tegner Score (TS) (r=0.729; p=0.010). The Test-Retest-Reliability was performed within a time interval of 2 weeks and a significant correlation of r=0.752 was found (p<0.01). Sensitivity was analysed using a sample of patients before and after high tibial osteotomy. Conclusions: The HAS is a new, easy to use, effective and valid measuring instrument for the assessment of sports activity in patients before and after operative treatment.


Endoscopic features of gastrointestinal amyloidosis can be nonspecific.
In our case, it presented as cat scratch colon, which led to a
misdiagnosis as collagen colitis.


The customs system as one of the most important parts of the functioning of the national economy has special meaning. By joining the European Union, the Republic of Croatia has to implement the new customs regime under the supervision of European customs. Strategy of the three-year period of 2010 established the priorities and goals, and made efforts to transform the current operating system of customs. Strengthening of the Croatian economy and its competitiveness is the quality guarantee of inclusion in the network of the world market and the transport system. European administrations cannot even imagine the existence of 'soft' parts of Europe's borders as they now exist in some parts of the Croatian border and entry into European integration posed to the Republic of Croatia and its government tasks to adapt the economic, transport and customs of the standards that govern the European Union.


The thesis is directed at the project of using waste heat from inductive furnaces. It is divided in two main parts. In theorethic part there is theoretical described individual device, their function and potential. In practical part there is described existing technology of production, refrigeration, control and monitoring system and also existing heat system HWS. Otherwise also evaluation of the existing system and possibilities of waste heat utilization. Based on the analyses, the proposal of utilization of cooled water from the furnaces cooling system is stated in the theses and the proposal comprises the technical scheme of piping, control, monitoring and visualization.


Conventional wisdom is that the performance of a new technology starts below that of an exiting technology, crosses the performance of an older technology once and ends up at a higher plateau, so tracing a single S-shaped curve. As such, to stay competitive, managers need to switch from an old technology to a new one before the former matures. We test this premise in 23 technologies across six markets. The results strongly refute the existence of a single S-shaped curve of technological evolution. We find that technologies evolve through a series of jumps, whose pattern and frequency is intrinsic to a technology but increasing over time. Most importantly, jumps occur even after a long plateau of no improvement or apparent maturity. The results suggest that managers vigilantly study the internal dynamics of their technology rather than use simplistic rules of thumb for investing in technologies.


PURPOSE: To obtain a DNA fragment (functionally equivalent) consisting of a specific isolated DNA fragment, having specific physical properties, with excellent polypeptide productivity, and useful as e.g. a selective marker of a gene phenotype. CONSTITUTION: This DNA fragment (functionally equivalent thereto) is such one as to be an isolated DNA fragment composed of control region derived from the HIS gene locus of Pichia pastoris, afforded by the redigestion of a DNA fragment specified by a restriction enzyme map of formula I, and responsive to the presence/absence of nutrients in a culture medium with which a host organism for the DNA fragment is in contact, and be capable of controlling polypeptide production when attached to the 5'-terminal position of a DNA specifying the genetic information for polypeptide production, further contain LacZ gene attached to the 3'-terminal position of the control region, and be the 4.2 Klp fragment of EcoRI-NruI shown in the restriction enzyme map of formula II. COPYRIGHT: (C)1995,JPO


Sugar concentration in fresh consumed table grapes is mainly connected with technological maturity and primarily expressed by soluble solids content. The EU Regulation has laid down maturity requirements for Vitis vinifera L. cultivars (OJ L 157, 15.6.2011). The lowest allowed soluble solids content is 13 °Brix for seeded cultivars and 14 °Brix for seedless cultivars. In cool climate there are mainly cultivated grape hybrid cultivars which refractometric index is not regulated with this regulation. The aim of the present experiment was to investigate the accumulation dynamics and content of soluble solids from the beginning of veraison to harvest in table grapes with protected cultivation condition. The research was conducted with 3 black ('Osella', 'Kosmonavt', 'Mars'), 3 red ('Swenson Red', 'Somerset Seedless', 'Canadice') and 2 white ('Arkadia', 'Supaga') vine cultivar s in 2013 and 2014. The results of the study indicated, that fruits of all table grape cultivars achieved the minimum content of soluble solids required for table grapes. Two years mean of soluble solids content varied among black, red and white grape cult ivars respectively from 15.0 to 22.1 °Brix, from 15.6 to 22.5 °Brix and from 13.9 to 18.9 °Brix. The highest soluble solids content was observed in both years among black cultivars in Osella, among red cultivars in Somerset Seedless and among white in Supaga.


Measures to improve case trials connected with the respon-sibility for land law offences in the countryside are analysed and suggested.


The OBSERVER design pattern is one of the most widely used patterns from the original GoF book [1]. With the proliferation of mobile devices in worklife and information systems serving data to such devices is paramount to maintaining data integrity in a work process. The idiosyncracies of mobile devices have placed new requirements on the mechanisms for updating resource limited clients with an OBSERVER style solution. This work provides an adapted pattern named INTELLIGENT SUBJECT that allows for a SUBJECT side filtering mechanism to avoid propagating all updates to all OBSERVERS if the cost of notification is high. This cost could be either due to resource or network constraints. OBSERVERS define threshold values, and are only notified when the data value is changed beyond their individual threshold. The pattern introduces slightly more complexity, but allows for a separation of concerns on the SUBJECT side and a life of blissful ignorance on the OBSERVER side.


This study has been undertaken to investigate the impact of group discussion upon sociometric status, selfactualization, and number of stated problems with respect to student nurses. The purposes of this study were (1) to determine whether group discussion will enhance sociometric status of student nurses, (2) to determine whether group discussion will positively affect self-actualization of student nurses, (3) to determine whether group discussion will lessen the number of stated problems of student nurses, and (4) to examine the group process and interaction of the group discussion sessions.


Making the thickness,length of the motherboard of sluice,the location of sluice as the basic optimizing variable,it builds the model of structure optimization of sluice,and gets the design of structure optimization to sluice by using genetic algorithm.Through the examples it declares that the method is feasible and the effects are credible.


Hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) simulation is a promising technique to study the pantograph–catenary interaction problems by realising the interaction of a physical pantograph with a mathematical model of the overhead equipment (catenary). However, the computing power presently available on real-time CPUs only allows to run simplified models of the overhead equipment. Therefore, it is important to define catenary models that are suitable for real-time simulation and at the same time capable of accurately representing the dynamic behaviour of the catenary. In this paper, the use of a catenary model based on modal superposition is considered, and the effect of changing the number of modelled spans and the number of modal components allocated to the contact and messenger wires is investigated in view of finding the best model compatible with real-time simulation. Comparisons between HIL simulation results and line measurements are presented, to quantify the accuracy of the hybrid simulation method developed.


+ + Sir, Cancer patients make ample use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM), often being led to hope for a miracle cure (Ernst and Cassileth, 1998). The advent of the internet renders patients all the more vulnerable. Serious harm and even fatalities of cancer patients following instructions for using CAM from the internet are reported with depressing regularity (e.g. (Hainer et al, 2000)). This short article is aimed at enhancing oncologists' understanding this complex area. Alternative cancer cures (ACCs) typically have a common life cycle (Ernst, 2000). At the origin of almost every ACC is a charismatic individual who claims to have found the answer to cancer. He (the male sex seems to dominate) often supports his claims with pseudoscientific evidence referring to (but rarely presenting) many cured patients. Thus he soon gathers ardent supporters who lobby for a wider acceptance of this ACC. The pressure on the medical establishment increases to a point where the treatment is finally submitted to adequate testing. When the results turn out to be negative, the ACC's proponents argue that the investigations were not done properly. In fact, they were set up to generate a negative result so that the commercial interests of orthodoxy would not be threatened. A conspiracy theory is thus born, and the ACC lives on in the 'alternative underground'. Henceforward the gap between the two camps is destined to widen; mainstream oncologists would claim that they have done their duty by submitting the ACC to rigorous tests which have demonstrated it to be useless. Supporters of the ACC dwell on their theory of a conspiracy against them and continue to state that an effective cure is being shamelessly suppressed. Both parties see themselves as winners, but sadly, the loser often turns out to be the patient! Receiving a diagnosis of cancer is surely one of the most shattering experiences one can possibly imagine. As soon as the initial psychoemotional trauma is over, many patients want to assess their options. This is when they access the world of ACCs, where the most fantastic claims supported by seemingly compelling anecdotes and pseudoscience abound. It is easy to see how many patients become deeply confused. Who can they turn to? Unfortunately, help is hard to find. Oncologists are usually not well informed about CAM and often dismiss the entire field outright (Newell and Sanson-Fisher, 2000). This attitude can confirm the above-mentioned conspiracy theory in the eyes of the patient. CAM books are as plentiful as they are unreliable (Ernst and Armstrong, 1998). Health food stores readily provide advice but this information is primarily motivated by the desire to increase sales and can put cancer patients at considerable risk (Cook Gotay and Dumitriu, 2000). CAM providers are sympathetic but can they be trusted? Patients thus face lonely and difficult decisions. Many opt to follow the alternative route and invest in expensive, demanding, ineffective and hazardous ACCs (e.g. (Hainer et al, 2000; Richardson et al, 2000; von Gruenigen and Hopkins, 2000)) sometimes abandoning orthodox treatments altogether (e.g. (Hainer et al, 2000)). The decision to try CAM might be a marker either for the psychological distress these patients feel (Burstein et al, 1999)


PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a resist composition improved in process window, and a resist pattern forming method using the resist composition. SOLUTION: The resist composition includes: (A) a base material component changed in solubility to an alkali developing liquid by the action of acid; (B) an acid generating agent component caused to generate acid by exposure; and (C) a base generating agent component caused to generate a base by exposure, wherein the base generating agent component (C) contains a compound (C1) expressed by the general formula (c1), wherein W is a carbonyl group or a hydroxymethylene group, R 3 is a univalent aromatic group or a univalent aliphatic group which may have a substitutional group, R 4 and R 5 are each independently a hydrogen atom, a univalent aromatic group or a univalent aliphatic group which may have a substitutional group, and R 4 and R 5 both may form one bivalent group. COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT


Although staff turnover is a troubling reality in many sectors, little is known about its consequences in social services. This study conducted within a youth center uses a correlational design to explore these relative to three service-quality variables: length of services, length of stay, and number of subsequent stays. The results suggest an association between staff turnover and an increase in the length of services and the number of subsequent stays and between staff turnover and a decrease in the length of stay. Other variables should be considered when interpreting these relationships.


THE PETITIONARY PRAYER FOR WISDOM and enlightenment at the end of Eph 1 appears at first glance to be an elevating excursus sandwiched between a glorious witness to God's saving program (1:2-14) and an exposition of the Savior's gift of grace (2:1-10). While those elements are present in this passage, these categories do not capture the essential point of either the prayer in particular or the two-chapter passage in general.


The significance of ocular bruits has been studied in a series of 18 patients presenting with symptoms of atherothrombotic ischaemic cerebro-vascular disease and studied angiographically.Twenty-five ocular bruits were heard. They were nearly always associated with carotid bruits in the neck but were not simply the transmission of these bruits up the carotid; they were seldom related to a carotid siphon stenosis at least as a single cause. Most of them were 'augmentation bruits', pointing in over half the cases to a tight stenosis or an occlusion of the origin of the contralateral internal carotid artery and in 75% to widespread atheroma of both the carotid and vertebrobasilar systems.The presence of an ocular bruit in such patients should thus be considered as a warning of a complex and sometimes critical haemodynamic situation and should therefore lead to the greatest caution in contemplating both angiography and surgery.


Every ship project would not be apart from risk and uncertainty issues. The inappropriate risk assessment process would have long-term impact, such as financial loss. Thus, risk and uncertainties analysis would be a very important process in financial feasibility determination of the project. This study analyzes the financial feasibility of 17,500 LTDW tanker project. Risk and uncertainty are two differentiated terminologies in this study, where risk focuses on operational risk due to shipbuilding process nonconformity to shipowner finance, while uncertainty focuses on variable costs that affect project cash flows. There are three funding scenarios in this study, where the percentage of funding with own capital and bank loan in scenario 1 is 100% : 0%, scenario 2 is 75% : 25%, and scenario 3 is 50% : 50%. Monte Carlo simulation method was applied to simulate the acceptance criteria, such as net present value (NPV), internal rate of return (IRR), payback period (PP), and profitability index (PI). The results of simulation show that 17,500 LTDW tanker project funding by scenario 1, 2 and 3 are feasible to run, where probability of each acceptance criteria was greater than 50%. Charter rate being the most sensitive uncertainty over project's financial feasibility parameters.


Secondary productivity is an important indicator of the variation of the structure,function and stability of an ecosystem.The goal of this study was to test the hypothesis mangrove habitat promotes the production of macrobenthos and increases ecosystem stability under the influence of urbanization.We collected samples monthly in four basic habitats,Phragmites communis reed beds with frequently inundated soil(reed beds),gei wai ponds,mudflats,and mangrove habitat,and analyzed the secondary productivity of macrobenthos,the production/biomass(P/B) ratio,and the dominance and the diversity of macrobenthos from January to December of 2010.The results show secondary productivity in these four habitats varied widely.The secondary productivity in reed beds,gei wai ponds,mudflats,and mangrove habitat was 6.81,147.50,74.70,and 105.78 g · m-2 × a-1,respectively;and the P/B ratios were 1.10,1.53,1.41,and 3.58 a-1,respectively.Secondary productivity in the mangrove habitat was only lower than in the gei wai ponds,while mangroves had the highest P/B ratio,meaning the turnover rate was fastest.The seasonal variation of secondary productivity among the four habitats also varied;gei wai ponds had the highest secondary productivity and it remained relatively stable all year.The other three habitats had the same trend with secondary productivity high in spring and autumn,and lowest in summer.The seasonal variation of the P/B ratio in geiwai ponds and reed beds was relatively stable,while the mangrove and mudflat habitats had the same trend with higher P/B in spring and autumn,and lowest in summer.The species composition and dominance in the four habitats were significantly different seasonally.Reed beds were dominated by two gastropods,Cerithidea cingulata in spring and summer,and Melanoides tuberculata in winter.The gastropod Sermyla riqueti dominated gei wei ponds all year.The dominant species of mudflats were Nereis glandicincta in summer,S.riqueti in autumn,S.riqueti and Cipangopaludina chinensis in winter.Mangroves were dominated by Ellobium aurismidae in summer and autumn and Uca urvillei in winter.The macrobenthic diversity also varied seasonally in the four habitats.The level of biodiversity in the four habitats was mangrove mudflats gei wai ponds reed beds,with mangroves having the highest diversity in all four seasons.The seasonal variation of macrobenthic diversity in gei wai ponds and reed beds was relatively stable,while the mangrove and mudflat habitats had the same trend with lowest biodiversity in summer and higher in autumn,that may be resulted by tropical storm.The increase of macrobenthic productivity,the P/B ratios and biodiversity in the autum than in the summer is bigest in mangrove habitat.Based on the analysis of the macrobenthic productivity,the P/B ratios,and the seasonal variation of the macrobenthic dominance and diversity,we concluded the mangrove habitat had the highest biodiversity,ecosystem resistance to change and resilience,and conclude the mangrove ecosystem was the most stable ecosystem.Above all,the mangrove habitats played a significant role in promoting species diversity for macrobenthos,improving the turnover rate,and in increasing both ecosystem nutrient retention and stability which reduced urbanization threats to the health of the ecosystem.


Introduction: Following cardiac surgery, complications such as cardiac, pulmonary, renal, and neurological diseases, infections like pneumonia or sepsis, and extended stays in the intensive care unit (ICU) and hospital are signs of both the quality of care and the quality of life. Therefore, it's critical to pinpoint the complications that put patients at risk for substantial postoperative morbidity and extended lengths of hospital stay.
Aims & Objectives: To study nature and incidence of perioperative complications in patients undergoing cardiac surgery under cardiopulmonary bypass.
Material & Methods: This study included 151 patients, of any age, either sex, planned for cardiac surgery under cardiopulmonary bypass (like Valve replacement, valve repairs, CABG, myxoma excision, Congenital Heart Diseases like ASD, VSD, TOF). The data regarding demographic profile and postoperative complications were collected. RESULTS; There were total of 151 patients in our study including 66 males (43.7%) and 85 females (56.3%). Age of the subjects ranged from 1 to 70 years with a mean of 26.39 ± 18.67 years (Median of 25 years). Mean age of males was 26.27 ± 20.72 years and mean age of females was 26.49 ± 17.03 years. About 51 % patients in our study had at least one of the complications. The most common complication was rhythm disorder which was present in 34.4% of all patients. ARDS developed in 1.3% of patients. Infections were present in 27 patients (17.9%). Dyselectrolytemia was present in 11 patients (7.3%).
Conclusion: Cardiac surgery under cardiopulmonary bypass is associated with as cardiac, pulmonary, renal, and neurological diseases, infections like pneumonia or sepsis. The most common complication was rhythm disorder which was present in 34.4% of all patients. ARDS developed in 1.3% of patients. Infections were present in 27 patients (17.9%). Dyselectrolytemia was present in 11 patients (7.3%).

Keywords: Cardiopulmonary Bypass (CPB), Length of stay (LOS).


There are many methods that had been experimented in the analysis of currency crisis. However, not all methods could provide accurate indications. This paper introduces an ensemble of classifiers by using Support Vector Machine that's never been applied in analyses involving currency crisis before with the aim of increasing the indication accuracy. The proposed ensemble classifiers' performances are measured using percentage of accuracy, root mean squared error (RMSE), area under the Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) curve and Type II error. The performances of an ensemble of Support Vector Machine classifiers are compared with the single Support Vector Machine classifier and both of classifiers are tested on the data set from 27 countries with 12 macroeconomic indicators for each country. From our analyses, the results show that the ensemble of Support Vector Machine classifiers outperforms single Support Vector Machine classifier on the problem involving indicating a currency crisis in terms of a...


Descriptive method names have a great impact on improving program readability and facilitating software maintenance. Recently, due to high similarity between the task of method naming and text summarization, large amount of research based on natural language processing has been conducted to generate method names. However, method names are much shorter compared to long source code sequences. The salient information of the whole code snippet account for an relatively small part. Additionally, unlike natural language, source code has complicated structure information. Thus, modelling the salient information from highly structured input presents a great challenge. To tackle this problem, we propose a graph neural network (GNN)‐based model with a novel salient information selection layer. Specifically, to comprehensively encode the tokens of the source code, we employ a GNN‐based encoder, which can be directly applied to the code graph to ensure that the syntactic information of code structure and semantic information of code sequence can be modelled sufficiently. To effectively discriminate the salient information, we introduce an information selection layer which contains two parts: a global filter gate used to filter irrelevant information, and a semantic‐aware convolutional layer used to focus on the semantic information contained in code sequence. To improve the precision of the copy mechanism when decoding, we introduce a salient feature enhanced attention mechanism to facilitate the accuracy of copying tokens from input. Experimental results on an open source dataset indicate that our proposed model, equipped with the salient information selection layer, can effectively improve method naming performance compared to other state‐of‐the‐art models.


The nature of mensurations, terminologies and the importance of their uses are commented regarding numerical systems, logarithmic representations, units (with applications to measurements of the index of refraction, visual acuity and angles), orders of magnitude, scales, sensitivity, instrumental readings and interpolations, significant digits, precision and accuracy, reliability and significance (clinical and statistical).


Young-onset T2D, defined as diagnosed before age 40, is increasing around the world. Recent data suggest a faster deterioration in beta-cell function and earlier development of complications in this population, compared to later-onset T2D. This post-hoc analysis evaluated the baseline characteristics of people with young-onset vs later-onset T2D in the SURPASS clinical trial program. Baseline demographics and clinical characteristics were compared in participants with young-onset vs later-onset T2D from the SURPASS-1, -2, -3, and -5 clinical trials (N=4267). Analyses were performed by study. Across the SURPASS program, which included participants at various stages of T2D management, participants with young-onset T2D were younger, had longer duration of diabetes, worse glycemic control, higher mean body weight and BMI, and a worse lipid profile at baseline vs patients with later-onset T2D. Data from SURPASS-1 and SURPASS-2 also showed participants with young-onset T2D had greater insulin resistance (HOMA2-IR) at baseline. Despite their younger age at baseline, participants with young-onset T2D in the SURPASS program had an overall worse health status as compared to patients with later-onset T2D. Early intervention in young-onset T2D may be important to optimize long-term outcomes.

 R.J.Galindo: Consultant; Novo Nordisk, Eli Lilly and Company, Sanofi, Pfizer Inc., Bayer Inc., WW (Weight Watchers), Research Support; Novo Nordisk, Eli Lilly and Company, Dexcom, Inc. P.Zeitler: Consultant; Eli Lilly and Company, Boehringer Ingelheim Inc., Johnson & Johnson. M.J.Davies: Advisory Panel; Lilly, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Novo Nordisk, Sanofi, Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Pfizer Inc., Medtronic, ShouTi Pharma Inc., Consultant; Lilly, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Novo Nordisk, Sanofi, Research Support; AstraZeneca, Novo Nordisk, Sanofi-Aventis U.S., Boehringer-Ingelheim, Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Speaker's Bureau; Lilly, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Novo Nordisk, AstraZeneca, Napp Pharmaceuticals Limited, Novartis, Sanofi. C.Lee: Employee; Eli Lilly and Company, Stock/Shareholder; Eli Lilly and Company. V.Thieu: None. C.Nicolay: Employee; Eli Lilly and Company. S.Allen: None. B.Bergman: Employee; Eli Lilly and Company, Stock/Shareholder; Eli Lilly and Company.

 Eli Lilly and Company


Although enamel, cementum and dentin all develop carious lesions in roughly the same manner there are significant differences between enamel and the other two tissues. While early enamel lesions are white, root surface lesions in cementum or dentin are light brown or yellow. The color probably arises from extrinsic stain materials, and it is possible that very early, actively forming lesions are colorless. Cementum and dentin often acquire a hypermineralized surface when first exposed to the oral environment. When caries begins to form, this layer can enlarge or disappear. Therefore, it is possible to have lesions with hypermineralized surface layers, hypomineralized surface layers, or no surface layer. Hypermineralization can also occur deeply within a lesion, probably as a result of remineralization. When this occurs the lumen of the tubules fill with mineral and the crystals within the lesion body become larger. Fluoride is readily taken up by carious root tissues and contributes to remineralization. Remineralization of artificial root surfaces after treatment with monofluorophosphate has been shown. In these lesions much of the newly acquired mineral was found near the surface but some was also found in the lesion body.


We demonstrate thin-film transistors with the fabrication advantages associated with printed electronics and the device performance associated with inorganic materials that are typically patterned via photolithography. In this process a polymeric material is printed to selectively inhibit the deposition of the electrically active material, which is globally applied via spatial atomic layer deposition. We identify water-soluble inhibitors that make attractive choices for printable ink formulations and explore the interactions of two examples of polymeric inhibitors with the process space. Using this knowledge we demonstrate zinc oxide thin film transistors, patterned entirely by inkjet-printed polyvinyl pyrrolidone.


The design mapping mode has a large impact on FPGA designs in terms of performance, area, and power dissipation. Existing Xilinx FPGA design flow offers to designers three mapping modes. Each mode has its advantages and its drawbacks. To address this problem, in this paper, we have used these three Xilinx design mapping approaches to map set applications. Next, we have evaluated design results provided by each design mapping approach. Next, a comparative study between these design mapping modes has been presented. Finally, we have extracted the weak and the strong points of each design mapping mode.


Space Syntax; It is given name of whole thecnical supplement that is supported by theoretical approach which are used to define by different scales of region, cities, built environment, spatial pattern of building groups, interior organisation of ...structure and that are examined their social structures related interactions. The primary goal of these techniques spatial organization of human movement and its relationship to the fields of examining objectively see, bring people together "spaces" and referring to reveal their potential. The analysis method has begun to develop at the beginning of the 1970 which are used many areas mentioned such as in architecture, interior design architecture, urban design and planning, as well as in branches of archaeology, anthropology, transportation, information technologies, urban and human geography, landscape architecture and informatics. This study, has prepared for the academic community who could get the opportunity to work in a wide range of fields for this method of analysis and evaluation of empirical studies conducted using these methods, which are thought the current study could be ensure to contribute in the agenda.


ABSTRACT The high-temperature oxidation behaviour of SPS-prepared Mo and Mo–5Ta alloys are investigated under the temperature range 300–700°C for 0–120 min in static air condition. The oxidation weight gains of Mo and Mo–5Ta conform to parabolic law at different oxidation times of 500°C and all remain at low levels. At low temperature (≤ 500°C), the oxidation resistance improves with Ta addition. However, at 600°C and 700°C, the oxidation of Mo–5Ta increases and the weight gain is obvious. Compared with pure Mo, a continuous and dense oxide scale can be formed quickly on the surface of Mo–5Ta alloys during the oxidation process at 500°C, which improves the oxidation resistance of the alloys. The volatile MoO3 and generated Ta2O5 above 500°C cause more voids to form in the matrix, resulting in the deterioration of the oxidation resistance of the alloys.


Detection of tones in reproducible noises provides detailed patterns of hit and false-alarm rates across sets of masker waveforms. Analysis of these detection patterns can identify the cues or combination of cues listeners use for detection in narrowband and wideband noise. Recent work has shown that diotic detection patterns of listeners with normal hearing (NH) are significantly correlated to energy and envelope cues; fine-structure cues also contribute for wideband maskers. Detection patterns are best predicted by an optimal cue-combination model based on signal-detection theory. In this study, listeners with mild to moderate sensorineural hearing loss (HL) were tested using the same waveforms. Their diotic detection patterns were best predicted by energy or envelope cues, with little contribution of fine-structure timing. Also, unlike NH patterns, predictions of HL patterns were rarely improved by an optimal combination of cues. For dichotic detection, NH patterns were better predicted by the slope of...


Part 1: the history of child protection conferences dilemmas for chairs in holding child protection conferences the tasks of conferences in child protection in relation to chairing chairing and small group dynamics decision-making and chairing the techniques and skills of chairing. Part 2: methodology framework training preparation managing the conference style, power and status the child and the parents the chairs' attitudes to child abuse and neglect is there a "better" case conference?. Part 3: An overview of chairing child protection conferences.