The heat capacity was measured between 1.4 and 200 K. The magnetic contribution was determined by subtracting the lattice contribution from the overall heat capacity with the aid of effective frequency distribution function. The magnetic heat capacity showed two peaks at 2.3 K and at about 20 K. These features are satisfactorily accounted for by assuming a spin Hamiltonian of the form, \(\mathscr{H}{=}-J(\textbf{\itshape S}_{1}{\cdot}\textbf{\itshape S}_{3})-j[(\textbf{\itshape S}_{1}{\cdot}\textbf{\itshape S}_{2})+(\textbf{\itshape S}_{2}{\cdot}\textbf{\itshape S}_{3})+(\textbf{\itshape S}_{3}{\cdot}\textbf{\itshape S}_{4})+(\textbf{\itshape S}_{4}{\cdot}\textbf{\itshape S}_{1})]-J_{24}(\textbf{\itshape S}_{2}{\cdot}\textbf{\itshape S}_{4})\). The closest agreement between theory and experiment was obtained for J =-42.6 k , j =-22.8 k and J 24 =-7.6 k . The sign of the parameters indicates that all the spin interactions are antiferromagnetic. It was concluded that one need not introduce any higher-order ...


Examines the integration of information technology (IT) into Higher Education teaching in the UK. Looks at the current status of IT in universities and states that IT is only valuable if it is used in educationally sound ways. Highlights the barriers to the integration of IT and ways in which it could be more effectively adopted. States that the majority of staff need support if they are to use IT to its full potential and suggests ways of bringing this about. Concludes that this has to be a long‐term goal and that it requires many resources.


Objective: Investigation of biochemical components presents in the Dolichandrone falcata flowers by using GC-MS (Gas Chromatography – Mass Spectroscopy). Methods: The flowers of Dolichandrone falcata were collected, dried in shade and converted to the powder form. This powder is then extracted through Soxhlation method using methanol and chloroform solvents differently for GC-MS analysis. The concentrated extract is then analysed by GC-MS technique and the various secondary metabolites were identified using NIST library search. Results: The result shows the presence of different phytoconstituents which includes fatty acids, phenols, glycosides, ketones etc. having the properties such as allelochemic, anti-mutagenic, anti-septic, antibacterial etc. Conclusion: Dolichandrone falcata flowers contain the various phytoconstituent that can be useful in different fields like pharmaceuticals; perfume, drug development etc. and plant can be recommended as a plant of phytopharmaceutical importance.


The standard errors of measurement provided for the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale, Fourth Edition are (a) of limited utility and (b) set about an inappropriate score for use under most circumstances. Instructions are offered for calculating predicted true scores, and a table of standard errors of measurement is provided


The shell-model fermion problem for systems of four protons and four neutrons in single-{ital j} shells is transformed into a boson problem using the generalized Dyson boson mapping. Exact boson calculations are performed. The spectrum of physical and nonphysical boson states and the effect of truncation in the boson space are studied. The necessity of transformation from the Dyson boson description to the seniority boson description is demonstrated within the truncated space.


Psychological divorce has become one of the most frequent environmental stressors experienced by adolescents. This study investigated the impact of psychological divorce on children's level of anxiety and depression. Sample comprised 69 children (32 males; 37 females), whose ages ranged between 13 and 18 years (Mage = 13.30; SD= 8.28). They were children of 18 couples that were experiencing martial conflict. The couples responded to measure of marital stress and children responded to measures of anxiety and depression. Results of the One-way ANOVA showed that psychological divorce among parents did not significantly influenced children's level of anxiety. However, children's level of depression was significantly associated with the level of psychological divorce among parents; such that children whose parents experienced the highest level of psychological divorce were the most anxious and depressed compared with those whose parents reported low or medium psychological divorce. The practical and research implications of the findings were highlighted.


Pathomechanisms of work-related myalgia are poorly understood. Myalgia is caused by exitation of nociceptors present in the muscular tissue but not in the muscle fibres themselves. Morphological analysis can contribute to knowledge of excitation of nociceptors. Surface EMG is a widely used method in the research field of ergonomics. Knowledge of influence of myalgia, occupation, age and intrinsic properties on the surface EMG is limited. Twenty-five female cleaners with long standing work related myalgia, 25 female cleaners without trapezius myalgia and 21 healthy teachers participated in the study. All participants were clinically examined to reach the diagnosis trapezius myalgia. Surface EMG was recorded during an isokinetic endurance test of shoulder forward flexors. Biomechanical output and the EMG parameters mean power frequency and root mean square (RMS) were calculated. The RMS ratio between passive and active phases of contractions were calculated to assess the ability to relax between contractions. Surgical trapezius muscle biopsies were obtained from all subjects. Enzym- and immunohistochemical stainings were performed to visualize different fibre types, capillary density, fibres with subsarcolemmal accumulations of mitochondria, cytochrome oxidase deficient fibres and fibres with a disorganization of mitochondrial distribution. Occupational cleaning work, myalgia and age contributed to the total variation of biomechanical output and EMG parameters. Histopathological findings and the relative distribution of myosin heavy chains in the trapezius muscle influenced the surface EMG signal. The capillary supply but not the morphological characteristics and functional properties of the trapezius muscle may be associated with myalgia. Histochemical and enzym histochemical alterations indicating a disturbed oxidative metabolism were linked to heavy work load on the trapezius muscle.


Highly resolved solid-state HETCOR NMR spectra between protons and low gamma nuclei ((13)C and (29)Si) can be suitably obtained on surfaces using a "brute force" (1)H-(1)H decoupling by MAS at rates > or =40 kHz. Despite a small rotor volume (<10 microL), a (1)H-(13)C HETCOR spectrum of allyl groups (AL, -CH(2)-CH=CH(2)) covalently anchored to the surface of MCM-41 silica was acquired without using isotope enrichment. The advantages of using fast MAS in such studies include easy setup, robustness, and the opportunity of using low RF power for decoupling. In the case of the (1)H-(29)Si HETCOR experiment, the sensitivity can be dramatically increased, in some samples by more than 1 order of magnitude, through implementing into the pulse sequence a Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill train of pi pulses at the (29)Si spin frequency. The use of low-power heteronuclear decoupling is essential in the (1)H-(29)Si CPMG-HETCOR experiment, due to unusually long acquisition periods. These methods provided detailed structural characterization of the surface of AL-MCM mesoporous silica.


Aluminum phosphate (AlPO 4) can be prepared by solid state synthesis with different templates (organic ammonium), aluminum chloride and ammonium diacid phosphate at low temperature (180℃) within a short time (2 h). The composition and structure of the products were characterized by chemical analysis, ICP, FTIR and XRD, and the absorption properties of these compounds for Cr(Ⅳ) ion were also tested. The experiments showed that the aluminum phosphate compounds are hopeful absorbent.


1. Abbreviations used in this paper : CML, chronic myelongenous leuke-T he ability of cancer cells to proliferate in the absence of adhesion to extracellular matrix (ECM) 1 proteins, termed anchorage independence of growth, correlates closely with tumorigenicity in animal models (14). This property of cancer cells presumably reflects the tendency of tumor cells to survive and grow in inappropriate locations in vivo. Such incorrect localization, as occurs in invasion and metastasis, is the characteristic that distinguishes malignant from benign tumors (31). Great progress has been made in the last 20 years toward understanding how growth is controlled in normal cells and how oncogenes usurp these controls. Yet studies on how oncogenes (or loss of tumor suppressors) overcome the mechanisms that govern cellular location have lagged considerably. The finding that integrins transduce signals that influence intracellular growth regulatory pathways provided some insight into anchorage dependence. Available evidence indicates that integrin-dependent signals mediate the growth requirement for cell adhesion to ECM proteins. Our understanding of integrin signaling has now reached a stage that connections to oncogenesis are becoming clear, enabling us to place a number of proto-oncogenes and on-cogenes with respect to their adhesion dependence or independence. While many details of molecular mechanisms remain to be elucidated, sufficient information is now available to propose a general framework for how oncogenes lead to anchorage-independent growth. Integrins transduce a great many signals that impinge upon growth regulatory pathways (for review see 3, 37, 44). These include activation of tyrosine kinases such as focal adhesion kinase (FAK), pp60 src , and c-Abl; serine-threonine kinases such as MAP kinases, jun kinase (JNK), and protein kinase C (PKC); intracellular ions such as protons (pH) and calcium; the small GTPase Rho; and lipid mediators such as phosphoinositides, diacylglycerol, and arachidonic acid metabolites. Integrin-mediated adhesion also regulates expression of immediate-early genes such as c-fos and key cell cycle events such as kinase activity of cy-clin–cdk complexes and phosphorylation of the retinoblas-toma protein (Rb). It is striking that extensive investigations into integrin-dependent pathways have revealed no novel signaling pathways. Integrins appear to regulate the same pathways that have been identified in studies of oncogenes and growth factors. Mediators such as c-src, phosphoinositides, protein kinase C, and so on were well established as participants in cytokine or growth factor–dependent signaling. Even FAK, p130 cas , and paxillin, which localize to focal adhesions and mediate integrin signaling, connect downstream to known …


Mangroves are often reported as nursery grounds for fish. Fish may enter mangroves in order to avoid predators, but may not need to do so if turbidity provides a sufficient predator refuge outside the forest. This study assessed the effects of turbidity in the field and laboratory on mangrove fish community structure and behaviour. The extent to which fish penetrate into mangroves has received little attention. This study also looked at differences in fish community structure at mangrove sites near (6m) and far (200m) from the mangrove/sea boundary. Twelve field samples were taken at approximately monthly intervals from replicate 25m2 landward and seaward plots, in a Sonneratia alba stand at Gazi Bay, Kenya. A total of 25 species of fish were caught, 15 in seaward plots and 13 in landward ones. Mean abundance for all plots and sampling times was 2.15 (equivalent to 0.09 m-2). Seaward plots had a total mean abundance more than twice that of landward plots (2.75 ± 1.9 S.D. vs. 1.23 ± 0.33 S.D. respectively). There was no relationship between abundance and turbidity. Laboratory experiments showed no significant changes in behaviour of three common species in response to turbidity. The low density of fish recorded concurs with previous work, and probably reflects conditions in Gazi Bay as a whole, rather than unusual features of the mangrove environment there.


Integrated information systems are often realized as data-intensive Web sites, which integrate data from multiple data sources. We present a system, called STRUDEL, for specifying and generating da...


This study investigates the precursors and formation mechanisms of spring (April-May) event-based extreme precipitation (EEP) during 1961-2014 in central-eastern China. The EEP events during springtime are primarily characterized by extreme precipitation that occurs at the first half of an event. During early stages of spring EEP events, a Rossby wave grows over Western Europe and the North Atlantic Ocean. The wave propagates eastward toward East Asia, exhibiting a circumglobal teleconnection (CGT) pattern. A strong anticyclone related to the CGT pattern is formed over Japan Islands in the upper troposphere, enhancing the divergence anomalies and bringing more water vapor anomalies from the Sea of Japan into central-eastern China. Meanwhile, the westerly jet jump northward and anomalous southwesterly water vapor flux is significantly prevalent, which is associated with the onset of the Bay of Bengal summer monsoon (BOBSM). Combined the anomalous southwesterly and northeasterly moisture flux into central-eastern China, strong convergence is formed and provided abundant water vapor for the extreme precipitation. The moisture budget analysis further suggests that the dynamic processes associated with horizontal wind anomalies play a crucial role in the moisture convergence for the spring EEP events. The advection of zonal and meridional moisture is strongly related with the anomalous winds of the CGT waves and BOBSM, respectively. While the horizontal thermodynamic processes related to specific humidity and vertical advection contribute much less. The results indicate the preceding signals in the midlatitude and subtropics for the spring EEP events, favoring for extreme precipitation forecasting and hydrological prediction.


The problem of realizing wave digital filter structures from analog two-port lossless ladder networks has been widely studied via the wave flow diagram approach by several authors during recent years. These filter structures generally exhibit low sensitivities to multiplier coefficient variations and improved roundoff noise. This paper presents a simple and systematic design procedure, based on the wave flow diagram and a bilinear transformation, whereby any Foster type LC network can be easily realized in digital circuit structures. Examples using this procedure are given. It is believed that the method described in this paper is fully practical and affords a wide vista for designing wave digital filters based on any type ladder analog filter network.


In the target-oriented imaging and identification process, irregular single-frame moving image will produce aberration and dynamic distortion of edge, the effective of imaging is not good. A new feature contrast correction technology for moving image method is proposed in this paper to realize the moving posture correction. Experimental results show that the obtained offset of posture correction by using the improved algorithm is less than the traditional method. In addition, the high correction precision and improved peak signal to noise ratio all show the superiority of the proposed algorithm. It has good application value in the moving image fusion, identification and other field.


Brown and Root Braun has modified and applied its sulfur dioxide (SO[sub 2]) generation process-now in commercial operation at a Texas chemical plant-to fit the unique requirements of oxygen-fired sulfur plants. The new adaptation provides all the benefits of SO[sub 2] quench, with favorable economics. It can be used to double existing sulfur capacity in a refinery, or to provide redundancy, as required by some regulatory agencies. The paper describes the NoTICE process (No Tie In Claus Expansion), the SO[sub 2] generator, Claus integration, oxygen supply and demand, oxygen consumption, the sulfur plant, economics, and built-in redundancy required by permitting authorities.


As part of its support of the US Department of Energy's (DOE's) Federal Wind Energy Program, the Pacific Northwest Laboratory (PNL) has initiated an effort to work jointly with the wind energy community to characterize wind turbulence in a variety of complex terrains at existing or potential sites of wind turbine installation. Five turbulence characterization systems were assembled and installed at four sites in the Tehachapi Pass in California, and one in the Green Mountains near Manchester, Vermont. Data processing and analyses techniques were developed to allow observational analyses of the turbulent structure; this analysis complements the more traditional statistical and spectral analyses. Preliminary results of the observational analyses, in the rotating framework or a wind turbine blade, show that the turbulence at a site can have two major components: (1) engulfing eddies larger than the rotor, and (2) fluctuating shear due to eddies smaller than the rotor disk. Comparison of the time series depicting these quantities at two sites showed that the turbulence intensity (the commonly used descriptor of turbulence) did not adequately characterize the turbulence at these sites. 9 refs., 10 figs.,


A method for performing a tripartite call for a telematics unit (120), said method comprising that a first connection between a call center (170) and the telematics unit (120) via a network access device (134) of the telematics unit (120) which is of the type of a cellular communication device, is manufactured on the basis of a problem call request; Call instructions from the call center (170) to be sent over the first link based on the problem call request to the telematics unit (120); a second connection from the telematics unit (120) to the call center (170) or a contact Problem number that is part of the problem call request, via the network access device (134) is produced on the basis of call instructions; wherein a three-way dialogue between the first and the second connection based on the call instructions wherein the second compound is monitored over the three week of the call center (170) is made is produced from the telematics unit (120) to avoid problems with the telematics unit (120) to dissolve, and the output of the second connection messages including cells or a successful carrier tones from the call center (170) from being heard.


Using the emission spectroscopy, molten material, for example cast iron or steel or slag, a method and apparatus for analyzing a glass or lava is provided. And at least one spectrometer, detector element having at least one excitation device for exciting the analyte material is used. Radiation from the material to be analyzed by exciting the material to be analyzed is partially or fully generated, radiation generated is analyzed by the spectrometer in the detection element. Detector elements are ide have to contact with the analyte material melted, and transmits information including the analytical component supplied by the spectrometer. Immersion sensor according to the present invention are also provided.


This paper is a review of Mira Marcinów's book on history of melancholy in Poland. It is written from a perspective of bioethicist and philosopher of medicine interested in psychiatry and endeavours both presentation of the project for an English speaking reader and critical evaluation of this exceptional book with focus on value for different potential readers.


Abstract This paper tackles the robust stabilization problem for the plant family described by the transfer function set P ( s, δ , δ ) whose coefficients of the denominator and the numerator polynomials are affine in a real uncertain parameter vector δ satisfying the norm constraint || δ || p ≤ δ for p ≥ 1. It is shown that there exists a fixed controller robustly stabilizing all the members of P ( s, δ , δ ) if and only if its every member plant is free of unstable pole-zero cancelation. The optimal robust stabilizer is characterized in terms of a three dimensional frequency dependent Hahn-Banach minimizer. Classes of P ( s, δ , δ ) are characterized using Nevanlinna-Pick interpolation theory. For these classes optimal robust stabilizers can be obtained in closed forms using ℋ ∞ -optimization technique.


The Mid-Continent geologist must become involved with the economics of oil-finding. Because the fields being found today are smaller, the development risk is greater. We must compensate by improving our technique of selecting exploratory drill-sites. The costs of overhead, equipment, travel, promotion, geophysical work, etc. are increasing at a fairly steady rate. Drilling costs, however, are about the same because they have increased in certain areas and decreased in others. The price of oil remains the same, but the net price paid to the oil-finder is reduced by an increase in taxes and service fees for oil-gathering. The over-all cost of selecting and preparing an exploratory prospect for drilling has nearly doubled in the last 5 years. The tax burden has now become so great that it seems necessary to incorporate tax savings in drilling and development programs to realize a profit comparable with other businesses. A larger number of geologists may be required to represent oil "deals" for sale to the general public, particularly to those in high tax brackets. Therefore, the geologist must be completely familiar with the Securities Act of 1933. End_of_Article - Last_Page 1561------------


The use of megaelectronvolt phosphorus implantation in the formation of the buried layer of bipolar transistors was investigated. The main focus was on the reduction of the secondary defect density. The lowest defect density is obtained with annealing by rapid thermal processing (1150 degrees C/60 s). Results on electrical characteristics of bipolar transistors with megaelectronvolt-implanted buried layers are presented and compared with those of conventional devices. >


This study aims to know the effect of wisata bahari lamongan foundation to the raising of ling original incom research, comparative by approuchment type of comparison between before and after the study (before vs after comparison). Data collecting method by observation, interview, documentation and bibliograpy. This reseach uses both of the method of qualiyi and analyses data. Primary data that source from interview with some people and analized by interactive analyses model, while the secondary data that from local revenue in lamongan distric. Regency from 2004 to 2010 is analized by before and after comparation method. The result of this research shows that the fondation of wisata bahari lamongan has significant effect to the increasing of local revenue in lamongan distric. On this grafik, we know that local revenue in lamongan distric, regency get significant raising and it is on high level in 2005 to 357.746.852.528,67. Rupiahs, in 2006 local revenue in lamongan distric, regency get decline level to 546.406.763.835,38 rupiash. However in the next year from 2007 until 2010 local revenue in lamongan distric, regency get significant raising. If we analyses using before and after comparison method which said that comparison before and after intervensi, then will be seen clearly that before and after wisata bahari lamongan foundation give difference or significant effect on local revenue in lamongan distric. Regency increase from 2004 until 2010..


Accuracy of 4 3-tower triangulation systems was quantified using surveyed reference points. All reference points within line-of-sight (LOS) of towers produced accurate and precise bearings, but 52% of points non-line-of-sight (NLOS) to towers produced inaccurate and/or imprecise bearings due to reflected radio signals. These data were used to test performance of the Andrews, Huber, and Maximum Likelihood (ML) estimators of Lenth (1981). The Andrews estimator was more likely to fail to generate a location estimate than the Huber and ML estimators, but these latter estimators frequently generated incorrect estimates. Of those estimates generated, the Andrews estimator proved superior to the Huber and ML estimators by generating a larger proportion of confidence ellipses that included the actual radio location and by having a smaller mean distance between the estimated and true radio location. However, all 3 estimators performed poorly with confidence ellipse areas >0.6 ha. J. WILDL. MANAGE. 50(4):747-752 Accuracy of location estimates with biotelemetry triangulation is a function of the number and accuracy of receiving stations, and an animal's location relative to receiving stations (White 1985). The 1st and last factors are generally controllable by the investigator. Bearing accuracy, however, is not as easily controlled due to variables such as topography, vegetation, weather, and signal quality (Slade et al. 1965, Cederlund et al. 1979, Springer 1979, Hupp and Ratti 1983, Lee et al. 1985). A problem with telemetry system accuracy common to many studies is bearing error resulting from signal reflection (bounce) (Tester 1971, Hupp and Ratti 1983, Lee et al. 1985). Reflected signals cause inaccurate location estimates that should be identified and eliminated before data analysis. Although reflected signals may be easily detected when testing a receiving system, they are often impossible to identify when the transmitter location, and hence the true bearing, is unknown. Lee et al. (1985) suggested ways to identify reflected signals when 2 bearings are used for triangulation, but these methods are subjective and only identify bearings with large errors. Using only 2 bearings and the error polygon approach for triangulation in areas where signal reflection is a problem will result in inaccurate location estimates that cannot be identified and eliminated. Problems with signal reflection can be reduced by using -3 bearings for triangulation and by generating a location estimate with a technique that is robust to outliers caused by signal reflection. Lenth (1981) provided 3 techniques to estimate the source of a signal with multiple bearings: (1) Andrews, (2) Huber, and (3) ML estimators. The 1st 2 estimators were developed to be robust to outliers by weighting each bearing, thus providing an advantage over the error polygon approach when signal reflection is a problem. In addition, the estimators provide a rigorous estimation scheme for >3 bearings. Objectives of this study were to use techniques described by Lee et al. (1985) to quantify bearing accuracy of 4 3-tower triangulation systems and to use these data to test performance of the 3 location estimators presented by Lenth (1981) when a significant proportion of signals are reflected by topography. Financial support was provided by U.S. Dep. Energy Grants W-7405-ENG-36 to Los Alamos Natl. Lab. and DE-FGO02-85ER60297 to Colo. State Univ., Exxon Co., USA, and Colo. Fed. Aid in Wildl. Restor. Proj. 45-01-502-15050. We thank J. D. Depperschmidt, J. K. Garner, and J. C. Graham for field assistance, and appreciate the cooperation of D. M. Barker and other personnel of the Colony Shale Oil Proj. C. J. Amlaner, Jr., and J. T. Ratti critically reviewed the manuscript.


Purpose: This study was designed to compare balance performance, perceived benefits, and compliance rates of community‐dwelling older adults who participated in a short‐term computerized balance training program (CBT), a home program of balance exercises (HEP), or no program. Methods: Eighty‐eight subjects were randomly assigned to train interactively on the Biodex Balance System, train at home using an illustrated exercise program, or perform no training for a period of 4 weeks. Pre‐ and post‐test measures included simple reaction time (SRT), timed 50‐foot walk test (TWT), the Berg Balance Scale (BBS), and the Modified Falls Efficacy Scale (MFES). Results: A 3 × 2 analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed no significant differences in the performance improvements observed among the 3 groups (over time) in any of the measures. Likewise, an independent t‐test showed no difference in compliance rates between the two training groups. Chi‐square analyses of subjective comments indicated that subjects in the CBT group found their training to be more interesting and challenging than those who trained with the HEP. Approximately 20% of subjects in each group reported that their balance had improved. Conclusion: Although compliance was good in both training groups and many subjects perceived an improvement in their balance and/or functional abilities, neither type of short‐term balance training improved performance measures to a significant extent when compared to control subjects.


Lombok has Pearl attraction that has been known to foreign countries. The large potential is not yet widely realized to be given protection from legal aspects, so many countries that sell pearl products on behalf of / hijacked by the name of Mutiara Lombok. This research was conducted by normative juridical method. Using primary, secondary, and non-law material as the study. The results show that the potential of Lombok pearl law protection through geographical indication is very open. Forms of legal protection can be done in 2 ways, namely protection of preventive law and repressive law protection. The implications of Lombok Pearl protection through IG can at least be used as a) product marketing strategy at domestic and foreign trade; b) Provide added value to the product and improve the producer's welfare; c) Enhance the reputation of IG products in international trade; d) Equality of treatment as a result of promotion from abroad; and e) IG protection as one means to avoid fraudulent competition.Keywords: Legal Protection, Lombok Pearl


Emotional analysis in literary and artistic art is a current research hotspot, while emotional-based fiction classification is more complicated than other literary forms. Emotional detection is usually done from the perspective of voice or facial images. Most of the existing text-based research uses typical binary or ternary classification methods. Therefore, how to extract information of emotion from the novel text and classify it is still a problem to be solved. In this paper, a Bi-directional Long Short-Term Memory Language Model (BiLSTM-LM) is proposed. The text sequence is divided into six different emotional categories. Word Embedding method is used to encode vocabulary, and the text is represented as word feature representation and character feature representation respectively. The final emotional output is estimated by combining content words and emotional function words. Experimental results show that the training of the model in this paper can quickly converge, and the detection accuracy is up to 64.09%, which is 4 percentage points higher than the current best model, and basically can effectively classify novels.


that they are being manipulated. Perhaps promotional culture has been so universalized that citizens support or reject candidates as if they are just buying or exchanging commodities. Perhaps their mostly bitter experiences with 'colour revolutions' have left them (permanently) disillusioned. Yet for all the empirical detail provided in this book, I am still puzzled as to why people, once disillusioned, seem unable to go forward, forging the kinds of civil societies that Sussman believes are essential for 'true' democracies to develop (at least this is what the author implies). Beyond critical IPE's prospective insights, the Gramscian approach to hegemony explains why elections and related institutions are so effective at limiting resistance – it is because they constitute genuine opportunities to take part in governance but in ways that frame or contain the parameters of this participation. In keeping with his critical approach, Sussman also might have fleshed out some of the contradictions that have emerged as a result of democratization. As conditions develop that compel sustained forms of mass resistance (as in the late-1960s/early-1970s in the United States), the very institutions that facilitate hegemonic rule (elections, constitutional rights, a 'free' press, etc.) may also be used to mobilize substantive – and possibly anti-imperialist – political change (Gitlin, 2003). Despite his limited theorization of the role that democratic institutions play in facilitating and prospectively undermining hegemonic rule (and despite the unevenness of his earlier chapters), Sussman has written an important and illuminating study. Students of foreign policy and scholars interested in how citizens and audiences relate to powerful interests will find much in this book that is inspiring – inspiring in that it might well stimulate others to dig deeper, theorize further and clarify the precise nature of what Sussman and others refer to as an American-led post-Cold War empire of civil society (Rosenberg, 1994).


Purpose – This review aims to examine how aggression is portrayed in the media and how it can influence behavior and attitudes regarding aggression.Design/methodology/approach – The authors reviewed the relevant literature and examined both physical and relational forms of aggression in multiple media forms (television, film, video games, music, books).Findings – Across media types, evidence is found that both physical and relational aggression are portrayed frequently and in ways that may contribute to subsequent aggression. Furthermore, though there are studies finding no effect of exposure to media aggression, evidence is found that watching physical and relational aggression in the media can contribute to aggressive behavior. Prominent media aggression theories are reviewed and some of these theories are applied to relational aggression media effects.Research limitations/implications – Researchers should no longer ignore relational aggression in terms of the media, in terms of content and associations...


Nosocomial infection is a rising problem in developing countries. Microorganisms Isolated from three private and public hospital environmental surfaces in Akure Metropolis, Ondo State, Nigeria were investigated in this study. Bacterial and fungal organisms were isolated and compared among the three hospitals. The study revealed that bacteria were the most predominant microorganisms found in the hospital environmental surfaces than fungi. Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Bacillus cereus were the bacterial isolates while fungi include Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans.  Staphylococcus aureus was found to be predominant bacteria but Aspergillus funmigatus was the predominant fungi. The result showed that the microbial loads of the public hospitals were higher than that of the private hospitals. The bacteria load of the male ward was found to be higher than that of the female ward while the fungal loads of each of the hospital environmental surfaces of female were higher than that of the male. The study revealed that bacteria were the most predominant microorganisms found in the hospital environment than fungi. Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Bacillus cereus were the bacterial isolates while fungi include Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans.  Staphylococcus aureus was found to be predominant bacteria. All the hospital environmental surfaces were contaminated with one or more microorganisms in the course of the research.


A 56 year old woman was referred to our hospital because of syncope during attacks of pain in the right side of her pharynx. She had a one year history of right glossopharyngeal neuralgia. Carbamazepine (200 mg daily) relieved the pain for about eight months, but as time went on, …


This is an elementary account of neutrinos as Majarona particles and the search for neutrinoless double beta decays. It also includes some more ideas about neutrinos.


This chapter examines how the relationship between the community sponsor or host and a student's own research goals interrelate. The common issues all students face as they enter the field include establishing rapport, identifying potential participants, and setting reasonable expectations for themselves and their hosts. A good field experience rests on trust and the positive relationship established by the fieldworker, whether student or professional. In the initial stages of rapport building, students are usually extremely careful of their relationships. The ability to situate one's self within the community as an ethnographer is one of the most important skills required of young researchers, and this skill is best acquired through guided practice. For faculty, providing such guidance requires a delicate triangle of approaches, evenly balanced in terms of supervision, support, and knowing when to let a student muddle through on her own. Fieldwork is still, to a great extent, a "seat of the pants" experience. To adequately capture this dynamic, a field school experience should provide enough opportunities for self-directed action as possible, while always ensuring that in the end, the student succeeds. Two of the most beneficial skills or traits for successful fieldwork are patience and flexibility. As most students say, and as other chapters in this volume illustrate, the field school experience is most often a catalyst for growth, maturation, and increased self-awareness. It is also a major contributor to a student's choice of a future career.


This research entitled "Investigating The Effect Of Using Podcast On Grade Ten Students' Listening Comprehension At SMA Angkasa 2 Jakarta" principally aims to investigate whether or not Podcast significantly effects on Students' Listening Comprehension. The research samples were taken using cluster random sampling, with the total number of samples being 60 students. The location of this research was SMA Angkasa 2 Jakarta. The research methodology adopted was quasi-experimental method, with the research design being post-test only control group design. To collect the data, the students were given objective test, numbering 30 items. The research data were analyzed descriptively and inferentially. The findings indicated that there was significant difference of post-test score between the students who were taught using Podcast and students who were taught without using Podcast. It can be seen from the data analysis using ANOVA that showed significance value (sig. 0.010) is lower than < 0.05.It means that Podcast has significant effect on Students' Listening Comprehension.


Due to Excessive need of communication mediums tech scientist and companies are worried about the utilization of physical resources but due to billions of communications it's not possible to manage hardware and maintain the services with less hesitation and cost effective method. Virtualization is a term which came into existence in 60s.The future of computer networks and IT is clearly relay on abstraction. That's way the Virtualization has drawn significant attention in academia as well as in corporations. Due to multiple stakeholders on internet its need to provide a new thing which is overcome the simple incremental updates and readily changing architecture of existing internet.. In this paper, the existing paradigm virtual private network (VPN) and virtual local area network (VLAN) of networking are discussed. And we survey the Network function virtualization (NFV) and Software defined networking (SDN) that base on the comparisons and the change the service providing scenario in this era. presents a number of challenges that network operators face in virtualization and the research in networks abstraction.


Objective To explore the efficacy of ligustrazine combined with chemotherapy in patients with relapsed or refractory NHL and the relationships with P-gp expression. Methods 60 Patients were randomized into reversal agent group (ligustrazine + chemotherapy) and control group (chemotherapy) and the outcome was analysed. P- gp expression was analysed by flow cytometry. Subgroup analysis was conducted a ccording to P-gp expression. Results 56 patients could be evaluated. Progression -free survival (PFS) showed no statistical diference in two groups ( P = 0.065 1 ) ; reversal agent group had a higher overall response rate (ORR) than control group(P=0. 048).Subgroup analysis showed 41 patients had P-gp( +). The complete remission rate and complete remission uncertain rate of patients with P-gp( + ) in reversal agent group and control group were 33. 33% and 8. 70% , respectively, reversal agent group had a significant advantage ( P = 0. 048). Patients with P-gp( + ) in reversal agent group had a higher ORR than control group (61. 11% vs 26. 09% ,P =0.024). Kaplan-Meier survival curve and Log-rank test showed patients with P-gp( + ) in reversal agent group had longer PFS than control group (P =0.046 4). Blood pressure in a small number of patients received ligustrazine therapy decreased,and mitigated after reducing the dose. Conclusion Ligustrazine combined with chemotherapy can elevate response rate,prolong PFS with manageable toxicity and correlate to P-gp expression in relapsed or refractory NHL

Key words:
Lymphoma,non-hodgkin; Drug resistance; Ligustrazine; Drug therapy, combination


In this paper, we present a novel universal coupled theory for metamaterial bound states in the continuum (BIC) or quasi-bound states in the continuum (quasi-BIC) which provides ultra-high Q resonance for metamaterial devices. Our theory analytically calculates the coupling of two bright modes with phase information. Our method has much more accuracy for ultra-strong coupling comparing with the previous theories (the coupling of one bright mode and one dark mode and the two bright-mode coupling). Therefore, our theory is much more suitable for BIC or quasi-BIC and we can accurately predict the transmission spectrum of metamaterial BIC or quasi-BIC for the first time.


This paper presents the design of a dual-polarized log.-periodic four arm antenna bent on a conical MID substrate. The bending of a planar structure in free space is highlighted and the resulting effects on the input impedance and radiation characteristic are analyzed. The subsequent design of the UWB compliant prototype is introduced. An adequate agreement between simulated and measured performance can be observed. The antenna provides an input matching of better than −8 dB over a frequency range from 3GHz to 9GHz. The antenna pattern is characterized by a radiation with two linear, orthogonal polarizations and a front-to-back ratio of 6 dB. A maximum gain of 5.6 dBi is achieved at 5.5GHz. The pattern correlation coefficients confirm the suitability of this structure for diversity and MIMO applications. The overall antenna diameter and height are 50mm and 24mm respectively. It could therefore be used as a surface mounted or ceiling antenna in buildings, vehicles or aircrafts for communication systems.


The continuous changes in electricity demand and supply are contributing to the disparity in quantities of power transferred between transmission networks, i.e. some lines are lightly loaded and others are overloaded. This presents a significant challenge to the secure and reliable operation of the power system. The current research is concerned with enhancing the loadability of electric transmission lines, that secure the increase in load demand through Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) injection. This paper is focused on the -Thyristor Controlled Series Compensator (TCSC), the optimum location of the TCSC was determined by applying two different techniques. The first technique was based on an artificial intelligence algorithm while the second technique was based on the level of voltage stability indices for all system lines. The optimal location is based on the fulfillment of multi-objective functions represented by an increase in the load capacity, reduce levels of the voltage stability index, the cost of installing the TCSC, and the voltage deviation. The IEEE-9 bus standard test system as a study case and MATLAB-programmes has been used for the analysis of the optimal power flow, and estimating the loadability of transmission lines without and with TCSC.


The recycling of carbon fiber composites involves significant technical and economic challenges. Current work is focused on the development of efficient and cost-effective methods to break down the matrix and extract the fibers without damaging the fibers or degrading their mechanical properties. There are several drivers for this effort, including the desire for environmentally friendly waste recycling, governmental regulations, and economic advantages for post consumer applications in automotive and other industries.

Keywords:

carbon fiber;
fiber recycling;
green technology;
pyrolysis;
fluidized bed;
post consumer fiber;
catalytic conversion;
fiber properties


The present invention is a conductive additive and an electric resistance in the EPDM (Ethylene Propylene Diene Terpolymer), rubber-composed FEVE (Fluoroethylene-Alkyl Vinyl Ether) alternating copolymer (alternating copolymerization) element, an organic solvent to the temperature characteristic expression of the coefficients of the positive (+) It is a composition of the conductive elastic body formed of a cured cross-linked by hydrogen figures digestion reaction. In the EPDM curing method of the dispersed composite type conductive elastic body filled with carbon black rubber, an organic peroxide is press-molding, injection molding, transfer molding or the like are useful, impregnation coating (dip coating) method which is a problem that can not utilize hot-air molding and swelling by the solvent of the hydrocarbon type characterized in that the amorphous polymer of EPDM, and electrical resistance-temperature characteristic of the sub-there are problems with the safety of the electric heating element, which may be the coefficients of the (). The present invention in EPDM (Ethylene Propylene Diene Terpolymer), conductive carbon black, the electrical resistance dispersed composite-based conductive elastic body - a fluorinated olefin temperature characteristic coefficient is expressed in the positive (+) (Fluoro olefin) and a vinyl ether (Vinyl Ether) a fluoropolymer copolymer, composed of an organic solvent is to solve this problem by cross-linking by hydrogen figures digestion reaction (Hydrosilyation). According to the present invention as described above the safety of oil resistance and the electrical resistance of the electrical heating element according to a hot-air molding and impregnation-coating whereby the temperature characteristic expressed as a coefficient of the positive (+), it is possible to provide a safe electrical heating element. Hydrogen figures digestion reaction, the fluorine polymer, cross-linking, EPDM, carbon black, aluminum hydroxide


ABSTRACT - One hundred Nile tilapia juveniles ( Oreochromis niloticus ; BW= 100.0 ± 5.0 g) were assigned to 10 experimentalcages to evaluate the effects of phytase supplementation (0, 1,000, and 2,000 FTU/kg) on calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), zinc (Zn ),copper (Cu), iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn) availability of ten feedstuffs: five energetic (corn, extruded corn, wheat meal, rice mealand low-tannin sorghum) and five protein (extruded soybean, soybean meal, sunflower meal, cottonseed meal and corn gluten meal) .As reference, an albumin and gelatin-based diet [with 0.10 % chromic oxide (III) as external marker] was fed to the juveniles. Thirty-one diets (one reference and 30 based on all feedstuffs and increasing levels of phytase) were formulated to determine the coef ficientsof apparent availability of minerals (Mg, Cu, Zn and Mn). Phytase increased mineral availability in plant feedstuffs, that chan geaccording to its biological value and enzyme supplementation level.Key Words: enzyme, availability, feedstuffs, O


We study the existence of solutions to the Duffing equation with
impulses. By means of the Poincare-Birkhoff fixed point theorem under given conditions, we
obtain the sufficient condition of existence of infinitely many solutions. Our results generalize
those of T. R. Ding. An example is presented to demonstrate applications of our main result.


The possible mechanism of effect of change of the charge of a liquid current on a round pipe, under effect of the external electromagnetic field is offered.


The New Hampshire legislature enacted laws permitting the establishment of conservation easements in 1973. Since that time, thousands of acres in the State have been preserved and protected from development through the efforts of government entities and the land trust community, the latter of which is comprised of nonprofit land conservation organizations recognized as tax exempt under the Internal Revenue Code. As of October 2013, the National Conservation Easement Database had gathered data on 3,500 individual conservation easements in New Hampshire held by land trusts, the State, the federal government, and local municipalities.


Background: Duck plague virus (DPV) can induce apoptosis in duck embryo fibroblasts (DEFs) and in infected ducks, but the molecular mechanism of DPV-induced apoptosis remains unknown. Methods: We first used qRT-PCR and a Caspase-Glo assay to determine whether the caspase protein family plays an important role in DPV-induced apoptosis. Then, we used an intracellular ROS detection kit and the mitochondrial probe JC-1 to respectively detect ROS levels and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). Finally, flow cytometry was used to detect apoptosis and cell cycle progression. Results: In this study, the mRNA levels and enzymatic activities of caspase-3, caspase-7, caspase-8, and caspase-9 were significantly increased during DPV-induced apoptosis. The caspase inhibitors Z-DEVD-FMK, Z-LEHD-FMK, and Q-VD-Oph could inhibit DPV-induced apoptosis and promote viral replication. Subsequently, a significant decrease in MMP and an increase in the intracellular ROS levels were observed. Further study showed that pretreating infected cells with NAC (a ROS scavenger) decreased the intracellular ROS levels, increased the MMP, inhibited apoptosis, and promoted viral replication. Finally, we showed that DPV infection can cause cell cycle S-phase arrest. Conclusions: This study shows that DPV causes cell cycle S-phase arrest and leads to apoptosis through caspase activation and increased intracellular ROS levels. These findings may be useful for gaining an understanding of the pathogenesis of DPV and the apoptotic pathways induced by α-herpesviruses.


The present paper summarizes the results of an experimental research program including the testing of continuous shear connectors (puzzle strip and saw tooth) under shear, tension and compression in ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC). The initial stiffness, the load carrying capacity and the ductility of the connectors were determined and compared for various parameters. In the shear tests, the thickness and the geometry of the connectors were varied. According to EC 4 (EC 4, 2004), the POST (PushOut Standard Test) has to be applied to simulate the shear transfer in the composite joint. In this paper, the much smaller SPOT (Single Push-Out Test) has been used. The results are compared to those tested with the POST. In the tests under compression and tension the influence of the concrete cover on the load carrying behaviour of a single shear connector was determined. The various effects are described and evaluated.


Thank you for downloading the fearful void across the implacable sahara a man goes in search of himself. Maybe you have knowledge that, people have search numerous times for their favorite books like this the fearful void across the implacable sahara a man goes in search of himself, but end up in harmful downloads. Rather than enjoying a good book with a cup of tea in the afternoon, instead they are facing with some harmful bugs inside their laptop.


The process of pumping current-controlled switching between two orthogonally polarised modes is studied. The switching is shown to occur between the modes of different types (DFB-like and Fabry-Perot-like), separated by a spectral interval as wide as about 240 AA.


The academic performance of students is of great interest to tutors and decision-makers in educational institutions. The extensive use of information technology systems in education generates an enormous amount of data, which is challenging to analyze and extract valuable information. Therefore, Educational Data Mining (EDM) concept emerges to adapt Data Mining (DM) techniques to extract the hidden and valuable educational knowledge that improves the learning process. The primary purpose of this paper is to introduce an efficient student's performance prediction model. For this purpose, a feed-forward Multi-Layer Perceptron approach boosted with stochastic training algorithms is proposed. The proposed model is benchmarked and assessed using three public educational datasets gathered from UCI and Kaggle repositories. Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique (SMOTE) is utilized to handle the imbalanced data problem. The performance of the proposed model is evaluated by a set of classifiers, namely, Support Vector Machine, Decision Trees, K-Nearest Neighbors, Logistic Regression, Linear Discriminant Analysis, and Random Forest. The comparative study revealed that the MLP achieved promising prediction quality on the majority of datasets compared to other traditional classifiers, as well as those in previous works.


ARSLOE was a multi-organization experiment held October 6 to November 30, 1980, near Duck, North Carolina. It provided a large number of wind-wave and related measurements to intercompare and develop wave measurement systems and to evaluate and improve wave models. These sessions are the first organized public presentations of the preliminary results. This paper is an introduction to the experiment and presentations.


Objective To evaluate the efficacy and the safety of using desensitization to treat hay fever. Methods Reviewing 49 cases who were allergic to Artemisia and diagnosed as hay fever. They all received desensitization treatment at one time. Their responses to the treatment were recorded. Results The effective rate is 77.9%. 48.3% showed local adverse events and 48.3% showed systemic adverse events in maintenance duration. Conclusion The result suggests that the concentration of Artemisia pollen allergen we used in maintenance treatment is a bit of higher than that of proper.


Gaze input is a promising input method that allows intuitive and fast pointing. There are two phases in gaze input: pointing and selection. In the pointing phase, the cursor follows the eye movement to the target object, whereas in the selection phase, the user clicks a button to generate the next event. Switching between the two phases is a general problem in gaze input. In this study, we propose a method for selection by applying an additional modality, namely breathing. In the proposed system, we measured the time of inhalation and exhalation from the change in the nose and mouth temperature observed by a thermal camera. Using this time, we judge which phase the user is in. Through user studies, we found that our method enables selection at a speed not quite inferior to the conventional method. In addition, this method has the advantage of allowing multiple selection commands.


This document presents a new work called 6TSCH that is starting at the IETF to enable a large IPv6 multi-link subnet with industrial-grade performances of jitter, latency and reliability. The subnet is composed of a high speed powered backbone and a number of IEEE802.15.4e TSCH wireless mesh networks attached and synchronized by specialized Backbone Routers. Route Computation may be achieved in a centralized or in a distributed fashion, and tracks are installed to forward well-known flows with deterministic properties along their multi-hop path.


The exact amount of dyes produced in the world is not known. Exact data on the quantity of dyes discharged in the environment are also not available. It is assumed that a loss of 1-2% in production and 1-10% loss in use (after being garment) are a fair estimate [1]. For reactive dyes, this figure can be about 10-20% due to low fixation. Due to large-scale production and extensive application, synthetic dyes can cause considerable environmental pollution and are serious health-risk factors. Although, the growing impact of environmental protection on industrial development promotes the development of eco-friendly technologies, reduced consumption of freshwater and lower output of wastewater [1], the release of important amounts of synthetic dyes to the environment causes public concern, legislation problems and is a serious challenge to environmental scientists.


The paper analyses the approach existing condition of near field' coupling,in order to get further knowledge of its' distribution of magnetic field,at the same,studies single spiral coil and multi-coils' near field. The research discovered the axle wire magnetic field of one spiral coil strengthen first,then weaken with the radius'enlargement,its' magnetic field maximum follows this regular pattern:axle wire'magnetic field has a maximum when axlewire' distance increases 0.005m and coil' radius increases 0.007m.


This paper reports results of the first year of soil biochemical and microbiological monitoring programme carried out to establish "normal" ranges of values for these soil attributes. Study was conducted on 24 farm sites on yellow-brown loam soils around the Waikato area. Twelve dairy farms and a similar number of sheep–beef farms were selected on the basis of high productivity. Soil samples (0–75 mm depth) were collected at 3monthly intervals and the following measurements were carried out: soil microbial- C, N, S and P, CO 2 evolution, substrate-induced respiration, anaerobic mineralisable N, dehydrogenase activity, fluorescein diacetate (FDA) hydrolysis, amounts of soluble-C and N, extractable NO 3 and NH 4 , soil pH, Olsen P, KH 2 PO 4 extractable SO 4 -S and organic S, and hydraulic conductivity. Climatic data, records of fertiliser and other additives and productivity were also collected to interpret the variations in these properties. Variables measured from the Horotiu and Tirau silt loam soils showed considerable similarity, however, Otorohanga soils had significantly higher amounts of total and extractable soil C and N. As expected, being a higher input system, soil nutrient status (P, SO 4 , NO 3 and NH 4 ) on dairy farms was generally higher than the sheep–beef farms. The most significant difference was for the Olsen P values, which were about 60–70% higher under dairying. Soil pH on dairy farms was significantly higher than sheep– beef farms. However, total C and N values were significantly higher under sheep–beef than dairy farms. Similarly, the amounts of mineralisable N in all seasons were much higher for the sheep–beef than dairy farms. Apart from total microbial S, none of the other microbial biomass measurements showed any significant effect of season or difference among the soil types. This lack of seasonal effect on microbial biomass can be attributed to the unusual mild seasonal variation during the study. For the various microbial biomass measurements, sheep–beef farms generally had significantly higher values than dairy farms. Microbial C, N, SO 4 and total S values were significantly higher for sheep–beef than dairying. The ratios between soil C, N to microbial C, N and microbial C:N showed no consistent pattern between the farm types.


This paper presents the preliminary findings of an ongoing research project focused on the importance of building learning tools and procedures that will help media professionals adjust to a constant changing environment. Adopting a mix of quantitative and qualitative methodology by conducting in depth interviews with journalists from Greece and Cyprus, and by running an online questionnaire, addressed to journalists as well as communication professionals, we try to define the role and the profile of the contemporary journalist, and how it has changed under the pressure and the potential, unleashed by new technologies and the global financial crisis. We study the development of lifelong learning programs, their impact and their results with an emphasis on distance learning. Through our research we conclude that there is a need to rethink journalism training and curricula by introducing new skills. In addition, lifelong learning in the form of distance learning seems to be a priority for most journalists in order to adjust to the current media landscape.


Life care planning services have evolved into a formidable service delivery system for rehabilitation nurses and counselors who seek to diversify in their practices. The early developmental stages of life care planning took place in the early 1980s, at which time there was no regulatory body to ensure that accountability among service providers was being maintained and the consumers of such services were protected. Additionally, there were no standards for practice to include qualification criteria for professionals seeking certification in this specialty area or ethical reviews among service providers. The Commission on Disability Examiner Certification (CDEC) planned for the development and administration of a certification credential in life care planning service delivery in 1994. It was not until the spring of 1996 that the first examination for the Certified Life Care Planner (CLCP) was administered to two groups of qualified professionals in Atlanta, Georgia, and San Francisco, California. Since 199...


Many physical properties of materials are determined by local atomic structure. A variety of imaging techniques have been developed over the years to gain local structure information. Among them is x-ray fluorescence holography (XFH) which gives direct access to the intensity and phase of the scattered radiation enabling full three dimensional imaging of atomic structure. The holographic pattern can be viewed as a small, direction dependent oscillatory part of the xray absorption coefficient and originates from the interference of an incident photon wave with waves scattered from atoms inside the sample. The holographic signal for a given element is probed by measuring characteristic fluorescence radiation. On the one hand the usage of x-rays and fluorescence allows studies of bulk materials, avoids strong multiple scattering and provides element sensitivity. On the other hand it might introduce parasitic effects such as indirect excitation (IE) and beam attenuation (BA). In this work we discuss BA and IE effects in XFH and their influence on element sensitivity and local structure imaging. Beam attenuation simply refers to the decrease of the beam's intensity as it penetrates through the sample. Indirect excitation occurs when fluorescence from one kind of atoms can excite other types of atoms introducing secondary x-ray fluorescence. Both processes influence the number of measured fluorescence photons and therefore the measured holograms. Although IE can be avoided with an appropriate adjustment of the incident beam energy it limits the number of samples which can be analysed with XFH especially in the multienergy variant of XFH. We argue that in the presence of BA and IE the experimentally measured hologram should be regarded as a weighted sum of holograms from all the elements from which the sample is composed rather than as a single element hologram. In other words, that element sensitivity with respect to the central absorbing atom is reduced. As a consequence artifacts might arise in the reconstruction images. As an example, Figure 1 presents a multi-energy holographic reconstruction from simulated gallium holograms for GaAs. In the presence of BA and IE additional maxima appear apart from the ones which can be attributed to As atoms. These additional maxima cannot be attributed to remnants of twin images. A model which takes BA and IE effects into account and which allows to correct for them is proposed [1]. The construction of the model is based on quantitative methods of x-ray spectrometry and holds for samples of arbitrary thickness. We consider both the monochromatic as well as the polychromatic case of XFH [2].


Five 2Avena sativa (2n-42) genotypes, JHO-801, UPO-94, IGO-500,OS-6 and OS-7 were used as female parents and crossed with A. magna (2n = 28). The pentaploid self-sterile hybrids obtalaed were backcrossed to A. sativa. Out of 1509 florets pollinated with A. sativa pollen, only six seeds developed, four of which germinated giving rise to BC, plants. The morphology, cytology and fertility of these plants were studied. Some of the A. magna characters, viz., strong awns, grey and pubescent lemma and high tillering expressed themselves in these plants. The chromosome. number varied from 2n = 33 to 2n = 40 with high frequency of blvalents. Further backcrossing to A. sativa was successful in two BC1 plants. Some selfed seeds were obtained from three plants. It is expected that subsequent backcross and selfed progenies will give rise to stable hexaploid lines with gene introgression from A. magna.


Scholarship historicizing John Rawls has put paid to the view that his work was without precedent. This article sets out to find out why, then, A Theory of Justice stirred such philosophical excitement, even among British philosophers in a position to recognize its antecedents. I advance the view that his work is helpfully understood as fulfilling the promise of the "naturalist" revival in ethics begun at Oxford by Philippa Foot and Elizabeth Anscombe. After briefly surveying the development of analytic philosophy, I argue that Rawls's contribution was to reconceive ethics so that it was an investigation neither of an independent ethical reality nor of the logic of moral language. Rather, it was concerned with a class of facts about ourselves. Rawls's practice of ethics adopts as its central focus the ongoing human practice of justification. I place Rawls's turn from religious faith to justification between persons alongside similar shifts in Plato's Euthyphro and in the biographies of Kant and Sidgwick. I try to show the distinctiveness of Rawls's focus by contrasting his search for human self-understanding with the project of R. M. Hare, his most prominent non-naturalist critic, who charged Rawls with offering an inadequate account of the authority of ethics.


Using three parameters,the number of carbon-carbon bond of aliphatic alcohols NC-C,the number of hydrogen atoms which are contained in the carbon atom linked together the cubstituted group OH α-H and the polarizability effect index of alkane PEI,to correlate with solubilities of 59 aliphatic alcohols.A quantitative structure-retention correlation model was obtained.-lgSw=-0.9734PEI+0.5821NC-C+0.2011α-H-1.0015.The correlation coefficient of the above correlation model was 0.9939 and a standard derivation was 0.1933.The stability and predictivity of the above equation was tested by the leave-one-out cross-validation method.What is more,each of the items in the equation has its explicit physical meaning.


Medicine, especially in the past five decades, has made highly significant progress and thereby achieved marked improvements in the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of different diseases. Biomedical technology, an autonomous and recognized field of study since the mid-twentieth century as well as a bridge between medicine and engineering sciences [1, 2], has contributed enormously to these advances. Thus, in Germany alone, the number of organ transplants (including live-donor transplants) since 2000 has increased by 25% since 2000 [3]. Nonetheless, some 12 000 patients in Germany are currently waiting for a donor organ. At present, medico-technical progress is a trend that continues unabated, and has led to the quality of life and life expectancy we enjoy today – unthinkable in former generations.


This research aims to examine the important role of the servicescape on the level of commitment of college students to complete their lectures at their university. This research also tries to explain how perceived sacrifice in moderating servicescape towards intention to be loyal from new state university students. By using Partial Least Square analysis, the results are expected to be able to show the role of the servicescape towards the intention to be loyal to students and with student's perceived sacrifice able to strengthen or weaken student judgment to servicescape. This research is only carried out in a limited scope, where the population is students of 2016 until 2018 so that they can still pass the disposition stage or switch to different decisions during their study so that the focus of the research is students of class 2016 until students of class 2018 who are still actively recorded on the main data of the faculty. The main reason for this population selection is to get measurable results whether there is a relationship to the assessment of servicescape with loyalty intentions, with the moderator variables of student's perceived sacrifice. The results of this research are expected to be able to provide a new choice that enriches the process of developing service marketing in good university governance for higher education and the learning process for all parties. Within the examination among research variables, it was found that servicescape and perceived sacrifice have a significant effect on the implementation of student loyalty intentions. The results of this study can be used as a reference for the improvement of good university government construction management using a sustainable servicescape approach among students.


The aim of the present study is to reveal the impact of the interactive environment and metacognitive support (MS) in online learning on academic achievement and transactional distance (TD). The study is designed as 2 × 2 factorial design, and both qualitative and quantitative research techniques are used. The study was carried out on 127 students, and this research design was implemented in an online learning environment and evaluated based on an achievement test, TD scale, and semistructured interviews. The results of the study revealed that synschronous environments had a significant impact in reducing TD perception. In asynschronous environments, on the other hand, providing students with MS was efficient in reducing TD. In terms of academic success, compared with synschronous environments, MS provided in asynschronous environments caused to a significant difference in achievement test scores of the students. Explanations about findings and implications for instructional design are discussed in Conclusion section.


Abstract : This report documents the findings of a year long study to assess the impact of Large Woody Debris (LWD) upon channel evolution and morphology in unstable sand bed rivers in northern Mississippi. The aim of this research is to gain an improved understanding of the basin-wide impact of LWD dynamics in unstable and stable channel environments and to develop a set of coherent debris management strategies for erosion control, habitat enhancement, and maintenance/design considerations for run-of-river structures, based upon sound geomorphic and engineering analysis. Data from the US Army Corps of Engineers Demonstration Erosion Control (DEC) survey program, conducted in May 1995, has been used to locate significant debris jams with respect to planform and long profile data on 23 river reaches in northern Mississippi. The reaches surveyed are between 4000 and 12000 feet long and range in upstream basin area from 3.5 to 150 square miles. A comprehensive understanding of debris dynamics can be attained from surveying these channels because reaches fall into several categories including, stable/unstable reaches, straight/meandering reaches and reaches which have either a predominantly agricultural or wooded riparian zone. The debris jams in each reach have been surveyed in detail to determine the mechanisms and locations of debris input, jam impact upon channel morphology and sediment routing and jam stability over time. The final of these objectives has been assessed by comparing the survey results of the current study with those obtained in the 1994/1995 research effort.


A series of Ni-20Sn-xTi alloys, where x changed from 0 to 15 at%, has been developed for brazing Si 3 N 4 in vacuum. The wettability and bonding strength of the alloys were evaluated by sessile drop and shear testing methods. The contact angle of the alloys on Si 3 N 4 shows the lowest at 10 at% Ti in the alloys, and the tendency of strength of 4 pints brazed with Ti content in the alloys is coincident with tendency of the contact angle of the alloys. The Ni-20Sn-10Ti alloy, which processes the lowest contact angle, yields the highest bonding strength against Si 3 N 4 In other words, the alloy which possesses the high wettability against the ceramics, shows the good bonding strength against the ceramics.


One of the main problems in deployment of computer technology in Kenyan schools is unclear objectives and misplaced priorities. Many schools have initiated expensive computer projects, whose sustainability is questionable. The software installed in these machines might not be tailored to meet specific instructional needs and therefore computers are likely to be underused and unappreciated by those they were meant to benefit. This study sought to assess the sustainability of these projects and their appropriateness in meeting teaching and learning needs in Kitui County, Kenya. Users' accessibility to computers, project costs, specific instructional needs and user-friendliness of hardware and software was investigated. To achieve these objectives, the study investigated a host of indicators identified during the literature review. These indicators included financing initiatives, the nature and numbers of computers, availability of digital content, and the level of ICT skills among teachers .The study employed survey design. Quantitative and qualitative approaches were used in the collection and the analysis of data. The target population consisted of teachers, students and administrators in provincial secondary schools. Six out of 19 provincial secondary schools were purposively selected. A sample size of 120 randomly selected teachers of various subjects, 6 principals, 6 teachers of Computer Studies and 163 students participated in the study. The researcher used questionnaires, interview schedules, checklists and document analysis in data collection. Collected data was scrutinized for completeness and analysed using MS-excel for quantitative and CpC EZ-text software. for qualitative data. It was then presented by using relevant themes, tables and percentages. The findings of the survey revealed that Schools lack a comprehensive ICT policy to guide acquisition, use and sustenance of computerisation. Consequently, they did not have reliable financing arrangements to set up and run computerization. The study observed that this inadequate funding impacted negatively on the number of use able machines and the availability of uptodate user-friendly software, severely hampering access to the machines and digital content. In addition, the study found out that although the teachers and learners are aware of their ICT instructional needs, there is little content in schools that can be integrated in teaching and learning. The study concluded that secondary school computerization is neither adequate nor sustainable in its current state. The researcher recommends that the government should get more involved in establishing lCT centres in schools and in conducting a sensitization campaign to equip teachers with knowledge on ICT integration into their daily instruction tasks. The findings of the study have implications for teachers practices and the policy approach to secondary computerization. These results can be used by school administrators as a benchmark for improving ICT policies in their schools and to facilitate optimum access to and productive use of available computers. These results can also be used by the government to improve e-preparedness of schools as we move towards the realization of computerization of all schools by the year 2012. Finally, suggestions for further research are made.


It has been argued that a black hole horizon can support the long range fields of a Nielsen-Olesen string, and that one can think of such a vortex as black hole "hair". We show that the fields inside the vortex are completely expelled from a charged black hole in the extreme limit (but not in the near extreme limit). This would seem to imply that a vortex cannot be attached to an extreme black hole. Furthermore, we provide evidence that it is energetically unfavourable for a thin vortex to interact with a large extreme black hole. This dispels the notion that a black hole can support 'long' Abelian Higgs hair in the extreme limit. We discuss the implications for strings that end at black holes, as in processes where a string snaps by nucleating black holes.


Background: Hearing loss (HL) has negative impact on quality of life. The prevalence of HL increases with age.
Aims and Objectives: The present study was planned to explore the possible association of hypertension with age-related sensorineural HL (SNHL) in the elderly.
Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study done in the ENT Department of Great Eastern Medical School and Hospital, Srikakulam. Consecutive sampling method used. Sample size was considered using the formula – 4pq/l2 and 137 subjects from age group 60–75 years were included in the study. Hypertension was verified through a mercury sphygmomanometer and by a systematized questionnaire about hypertension and the use of medication for blood pressure. The hearing was assessed through threshold audiometric and audiological assessment. The study period: 4 months. All patients from the ENT department in the age group 60–75 years and who gave written informed consent were involved in the study. Participants with a history of ear surgery performed in the past, exposure to loud sounds, recently use of ototoxic drugs, patients with hearing aids, and ear diseases were excluded from the study.
Results: Out of 137 subjects 52% had hypertension and 48% had no hypertension. Grade 1 hypertensives suffered from mild HL (7.9%), moderate HL (73%), severe HL (11%), and profound HL (7.9%). In Grade 2, hypertensives suffered from moderate HL (11%), severe HL (33.3%), and profound HL (55.5%). The P-value calculated by the Chi-square method was found to be <0.05 and an odds ratio of more than 1, showing a significant association between hypertension and an increase in HL. Moreover, also a statistically positive correlation of MAP and duration of hypertension with age-related SNHL in both ears.
Conclusion: HL in the population under study suggested that hypertension is an accelerating factor of degeneration of the hearing apparatus along with age-related SNHL. Hypertension and ageing were significantly associated with the risk of HL. Patients with hypertension have a greater increase in hearing threshold as compared to those without hypertension.


Experiments were conducted to study the relation of firing voltage to the surface temperature,pressure,distance,material,and gas component in environment.The result showed that the firing voltage decreases obviously with the increasing of surface temperature;the firing voltage firstly decreases then increases in the pressure range of 10-2~103 Pa with a minimum firing voltage of Ub,min;at the right side of Ub,min,the firing voltage increases with increasing distance;at the other side,the firing voltage decreases with increasing distance;the firing voltage of electrodes in air is higher than it in N2;the firing voltage of electrodes made in graphite,molybdenum or copper decreases in turn.


We explore a type of transfer learning in Convolutional Neural Networks where a network trained on a primary representation of examples (e.g. photographs) is capable of generalizing to a secondary representation (e.g. sketches) without fully training on the latter. We show that the network is able to improve classification on classes for which no examples in the secondary representation were provided, an evidence that the model is exploiting and generalizing concepts learned from examples in the primary representation. We measure this lateral representation learning on a CNN trained on the ImageNet dataset and use overlapping classes in the TU-Berlin and Caltech- 256 datasets as secondary representations, showing that the effect can't be fully explained by the network learning newly specialized kernels. This phenomenon can potentially be used to train classes in domain adaptation tasks for which few examples in a target representation are available.


Indonesia's objection to the United States (US) over a clove ban in 2010 was one of the most difficult trade dispute cases that Indonesia has ever submitted. The dispute between both countries in the clove cigarettes negotiations was actually completed in 2014 after the two countries agreed on mutual understanding (MoU) related to cigarettes. Indonesia's victory over the Dispute Settlement Body (DSB) by the World Trade Organization (WTO) shows the enforcement of international law in intervening in a country's domestic policies.Although it took great deal of time, Indonesia's victory over US becomes a lesson learned. This victory proves the role of the WTO in resolving trade dispute cases and refutes the notion of a superpower in particular the US being immune to the international law. US domestic trade policies that impose a ban on clove cigarettes have deviated from WTO rules and have harmed Indonesia as a producer


The Radar Cross Section RCS is a useful figure for the characterization of objects in space for radar systems. Electrically large objects on the ground, such as wind turbines WT, do not meet the basic conditions of a plane wave excitation. Measured or calculated RCS according to the standard definition cannot be used for safeguarding and the characterization of WT.


Self‐excited tonal sound often appears in engineering systems with mean flow and heat release. To assist students in learning about acoustic instabilities in resonators, a modular low‐cost system was constructed and a series of experiments was developed. The experimental setup consists of pipe sections with baffles, damping chamber, air blower, nichrome‐wire heater, and piezoelements. The system can operate as a Rijke tube, thermoacoustic engine, vortex‐excited resonator, and harvester of acoustic power. Tests carried out with this system include (i) identification of instability domains in the controllable parametric space of the system geometry, mean flow rates, and supplied heat; (ii) investigation of transient phenomena, such as growth and attenuation of sound amplitude; (iii) demonstration of nonlinear effects, such as hysteresis in the system behavior and frequency locking; and (iv) harvesting of energy of self‐excited sound using piezoelements. The observed phenomena are interpreted with help of si...


Compared with On Justice, there are two differences with Political Liberalism. Firstly, the subject of On Justice is justice while that of Political Liberalism is legitimacy. Secondly, the foundation of On Justice comes from original status and moral psychology while that of Political Liberalism comes from public rationality. However, there is an inner connection between them: Rawls employs public rationality to prove legitimacy.


Safety, along with the issue of security, is the most substantial and critical issue to any society and nation of the mankind. The fact that human elements contribute dominantly, in particular, to the transportation – marine, air and road traffic – accidents requires not only the technical approaches, but also cultural configuration inherent to the accidents. This paper tries to incorporate Hofstede's dimensions of national culture to identify possible interaction with accidents. It will be of help to figure out the need to consider the aspect of national culture to be efficient in dealing with policies for safer communities and nations. http://www.transnav.eu the International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation Volume 13


Use of rodent models of hippocampal neurodegeneration are recommended for use in studies to understand the pathophysiology and molecular mechanisms involved. This unit includes protocols for two‐vessel occlusion, three‐vessel occlusion, and permanent bilateral vertebral artery occlusion plus methods for histological techniques for preparation of brain tissue and analysis of hippocampal injury.


When using epoxy powder coating for external anticorrosion of bends with high strength,large diameter and thick wall,the phenomena such as nonuniform solidification and unstable performance of coating often appear owing to larger thermal storage in bend and more difficult bend cooling.Therefore,it is an exigency to develop a kind of liquid epoxy coating material possessing epoxy powder performance but without solvent.An optimal formula of such a coating material has been developed based on the research of epoxy resin system,painting and filling materials.That coating film thickness can reach 500 ~ 1 000 μm in once operation and its operational process is simple.The coating has excellent performance such as resisting acid,alcali and salt,against cathodic peeling,heatproofing and resistance to bending.


In this paper, the weighted-TOPSIS method and logistics attraction model are proposed to construct the urban logistics network model of Guangdong Province. Then, a complex network analysis method is adopted to analyze the node importance, edge importance, and network aggregation. It is found that a few nodes and edges play a crucial role in the network, and the whole network presents the characteristics of uneven distribution. The development of urban logistics is uneven. Given these problems, this research puts forward corresponding suggestions. This paper's research framework and methods also apply to other provinces. It provides a reference for constructing high-quality urban logistics.


Through an ethnographic experience with the Indigenous Council of Purace (Cabildo Indigena de Purace - CIP), and in the Indigenous Reserve that goes by the same name (RIP), it can observed how 'conservation' has created a space of interaction between the indigenous organization (CIP) and the Colombian State. This proves the potential productivity of this process, and on the other hand, it shows that what happens in this dynamics can be better understood in light of a multinaturalistic analytical platform, and not only from the multicultural framework. This paper focuses on showing how two non-humans, cows and condors, are inserted in specific ways particular socio-material networks. In each of these networks, both cows and condors are different beings with whom one interacts in a particular way. Thus, the paper suggests an approach that considers the coexistence of more than one nature in the same geographica l space.


Although the realization of units and maintaining national metrology standards is the responsibility of National Metrology Institutes (NMI), the ultimate task of dissemination of traceability towards industry is usually carried out by number of accredited and non-accredited calibration labs. In many countries these calibration labs form associations to establish a good cooperation between them, to exchange information and to support the calibration sector. European Calibration Association (EUROCAL) aims to become a forum for the coordination and harmonization of cooperation among associations of calibration laboratories. EUROCAL is professional interest group with main focus on exchange of information and knowledge between national associations in the field of calibration. The objectives of EUROCAL are to improve, strengthen and harmonize the European sector of calibration laboratories. In addition EUROCAL aims at coordinating the creation, improvement, unification, maintenance and international acceptance of calibration guides or other technical documents, assuring their correctness and quality level, based on knowledge and experience of calibration laboratories and their experts. As EUROCAL represents a large number of accredited calibration labs via the national associations, EUROCAL develops common positions regarding accreditation with the aim to present opinion and coordinated interests of European calibration lab associations to other European or also international institutions.


Multistage interconnection networks (MINs) are very popular in ATM switching since they can achieve high-performance switching and are easy to implement and expand due to their modular design. In this paper we present and describe in detail a high-performance buffered-Banyan switch which encompasses multiple input-queueing as its buffering strategy. We call this switching architecture Dual-Banyan switch. Simulation results are given to demonstrate its throughput, mean waiting time and cell-loss performance considering different switch and buffer sizes. We further compare it to the simple, single-queue buffered Banyan network, assuming, for reasons of fairness, the same total buffer capacity with respect to uniform and non-uniform traffic patterns.


Increasing farmers' incomes and empowering rural revitalization through the digital economy are important issues of widespread concern in our society today. From the perspective of aging, this paper uses the 2016, 2018, and 2020 China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) data to examine the impact of Internet usage on farm household income in the realistic context of the severe aging situation in rural areas, to explore the specific mechanisms through which aging plays a role. A further comparative analysis of the heterogeneity of Internet usage and aging effects on different sources of farm household income is performed. The study finds that Internet use by farmers increases household income, but aging diminishes the boosting effect of Internet usage on household income. By reducing off-farm employment and increasing family care, aging reduces the Internet's boosting effect on farm household income. Among household income sources, Internet usage significantly contributes to the growth of farm household wage income. Aging dampens the growth of all income sources except transfer income. Aging enhances the boosting effect of Internet usage on the transfer income of farm households; however, it weakens its boosting effect on the wage income of farm households. Therefore, there is an urgent need to promote the construction of rural digital infrastructure, improve farmers' digital literacy, and improve rural pension infrastructure and services, to escort the digital transformation of agriculture and rural areas and the common prosperity of farmers.


In order to improve the position precision of our country's GPS application users,a method integrating the BD navigation system with GPS navigation system is proposed.According to the method,PDOP data is simulated with STK.The simulation results show that the performance of integrated system is improved as well as the position precision.


Оne of the means of our time for the world and domestic education systems is the problem of equalizing the chances of students, for equal access to quality education. State program of the Russian Federation «Development of education» created a set of measures in the regions. In the Yaroslavl region, since 2020, this system of measures has been implemented within the framework of the regional project «Improving the quality of education in secondary schools with low learning outcomes and in schools operating in unfavorable social conditions». Within the framework of this project, comprehensive support was organized for 68 educational organizations from 12 municipal districts of the Yaroslavl region, of which, according to the clustering adopted in the Yaroslavl region, 20 general education organizations belong to the cluster of urban schools. The authors of the article reveal a number of main elements of the regional program, outline the theoretical prerequisites for dividing schools in the Yaroslavl region into two categories: schools with low learning outcomes and schools operating in unfavorable social conditions, and present the results of a comparative analysis of data from input monitoring of indicators of urban and rural schools participating in the regional project. The article describes the procedure for analyzing personnel support and human resources for optimizing the educational process in schools, aimed at improving educational results. A statistical portrait of students in urban and rural schools has been compiled in relation to their participation in student self-government bodies, passing the certification procedure, and completing additional education programs.


This paper presents a new approach for the design of systems to address complex data fusion problems such as those encountered in the military domain. A conceptual framework is defined according to a set of principles that outline a new way of thinking about complex data fusion problems. This framework is intended to guide the development of data fusion systems that are better designed, easier to build, easier to maintain and most importantly are more effective. This approach is still being refined.


It is estimated that during the year 2013 Dubai expended nearly 450 million United States Dollars (USD) on rainwater flooding, an incident that is reported on an average of four times per year. In the year 2020, this figure is estimated to increase to nearly 750 million USD, as Dubai gross domestic product (GDP) increases. In addition to financial losses, rainwater flooding incurs life fatalities, car accidents, municipal burdens, and municipal disturbances. The inadequacy of run-off drainage systems in impermeable paved areas is the most profound reason for the occurrences of rainwater flooding in Dubai. National as well as international organizations such as ESTIDAMA and the United States Green Buildings Council (USGBC) advocate using permeable landscaping materials to decrease run-off in landscapes near buildings. While a substantial national effort has been made in this regard, very minimal action is being taken to reduce run-off from paved roadways. Paved roadways occupy the majority of impermeable areas in Dubai; hence, decreasing its associated rainwater run-off would significantly lessen the occurrences of rainwater flooding. Permeable pavements have great potential in eliminating rainwater overflow of roadways without the need of independent drainage systems. The aim of this research is to study the essential parameters that would determine the applicability of permeable pavements in Dubai.


The gain bandwidth of a quantum-cascade (QC) laser is important for determining the magnitude of the optical gain, the refractive index change, and the linewidth enhancement factor. We investigate the effects of the scattering mechanisms on the gain linewidth of a type-I QC laser and compare our theoretical results with experimental data. The bandwidth of the gain spectrum of a QC laser is related to the electron relaxation rate, which is determined by scatterings that change the electron momentum or energy in the same subband (intrasubband) or different subbands (intersubband). Polar optical phonon scattering, impurity scattering, and electron-electron scattering are the important mechanisms. In this paper, we investigate the magnitude of the linewidth of the optical gain spectrum due to these scattering mechanisms in type-I mid-IR QC laser structures. In particular, the dependence of the scattering rate on the doping position will be shown in the case of the impurity scattering. We also present calculated optical gain, refractive index change, and linewidth enhancement factor spectra. Our theoretical results agree well with the experimental data.


Effect of heating time on the structural, morphology, optical, and photocatalytic properties of graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) nanosheets prepared at 550 °C in Ar atmosphere is studied. The investigations are carried out by using x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), UV–vis absorption, and photoluminescence (PL). At a heating temperature of 550 °C, g-C3N4 nanocrystals are formed after 0.5 h and become more orderly as the heating time increases. The surface area of the g-C3N4 nanosheets significantly increases as the preparation time increases. The g-C3N4 prepared in 2.5 h shows the highest photocatalytic performance, decomposing completely 10 ppm RhB solution under xenon lamp irradiation for 2.0 h.


A $40 million aerial tram is under construction in Portland to link a riverfront redevelopment area to the Marquam Hill campus of Oregon Health & Science University, one of the largest employers in the state and in need of space to expand. The tram is intended to help anchor a new campus that will be located in a 20-block urban renewal area situated at the foot of steep hills. Because of the need for extremely close tolerances and the ability to withstand wind- and seismic-induced motion, the design changed from wooden timbers with steel connections to an all-steel structure. Two 79-passenger cars will be capable of carrying about 900 passengers per hour on a three-minute trip. Transit time over the canyon-like terrain is key to acceptance and usability for the project. The district will also be connected to the rest of the city by a new pedestrian bridge over Interstate 5, which severed the district from the waterfront when it was built in the 1950s. The school plans to build new structures as well.


The Oscillating Water Column Type is currently the most widely used wave energy generation device. The impulse turbine with fixed guide vanes has the advantages of high peak efficiency and excellent aerodynamic performance. Using three-dimensional numerical simulation methods to analyze the impulse turbine, construct and optimize the design of the turbine prototype, and provide suggestions for the subsequent innovation and improvement of the performance and structure of the impulse turbine with fixed guide vanes.