ObjectiveTo study the effects of penicillamine on the prevention of intra-abdominal adhesion and healing of small-intestine stoma and abdominal wall as well as to observe the side effects of penicillamine.MethodsSixty Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups. The abdomens of the rat were opened and the small intestines were cut lengthways and closed breadthwise.Each group was given different treatments.The grades of healing and intra-abdominal adhesion were recorded and the wound breaking strength of abdominal walls and the wound bursting strength of small intestines measured.Samples of each group were stained with HE and immunohistochemical methods.ResultsThe integral of intra-abdominal adhesion and the wound breaking strength of abdominal walls in experimental groups decreased obviously compared with the control group.But all wounds healed well.There were no leakages in the anastomosis of small intestines.The wound bursting strength of small intestines was higher than the normal small intestines.The amount of capillary vessel,fibroblast and collagen in samples of small intestines and abdominal walls in the experimental groups decreased markedly compared with the control group.ConclusionPenicillamine can effectively prevent the formation of intra-abdominal adhesion and reduce the wound breaking strength.It has no effect on the wound bursting strength of small intestines.Penicillamine has severe side effects and toxicity in high doses.


The invention discloses a safety device of a bus door, belonging to the technical field of a bus device. The safety device of the bus door comprises a control box arranged on a driving console, a door pump solenoid valve and a battery, the control box comprises a bus door switch, a single-chip microcomputer, an infrared sensor, a speaker and an LED (light-emitting diode) lamp, the infrared sensor, the speaker and the LED lamp are arranged on the door, and the single-chip microcomputer is respectively and electrically connected with the bus door switch, the door pump solenoid valve, the battery, the infrared sensor, the LED lamp and the speaker. The invention has the beneficial effects that whether a passenger is clamped by the bus door can be detected when the bus door is opened or closed, response can be made rapidly, the door can be closed or opened automatically, the passenger can be reminded to pay attention to safety via voice and the flashing LED lamp and can be protected from being injured, accidents can be avoided effectively, and the device has a simple structure and can be used conveniently.


Neutrophils are critical in inflammation and innate immunity. Neutrophil adhesion to vascular endothelium is a crucial step in neutrophil recruitment. Mitofusin‐2 is required for neutrophil adhesion, but molecular details are unclear. Here, we demonstrated that β2‐integrin‐mediated slow‐rolling and arrest, but not PSGL‐1‐mediated cell rolling, are defective in mitofusin‐2‐deficient neutrophil‐like HL60 cells. This adhesion defect is associated with reduced expression of fMLP receptors and β2 integrins as well as the inhibited β2 integrin activation, as assessed by conformational‐specific antibodies. Mitofusin‐2 deficiency limited the maturation of β2 integrin activation during the neutrophil‐directed differentiation of HL60 cells, which is indicated by identified markers CD35 and CD87. Reversed to results in overall HL60 cells, mitofusin‐2 knockdown in β2‐integrin‐activation‐matured cells (CD87high population) enhanced integrin activation. Our study illustrates the function of mitofusin‐2 in leukocyte adhesion and may provide new insights into the development and treatment of mitofusin‐2‐deficiency‐related disease.


This article puts forward the idea that in order to sufficiently meet the needs of very young children and thereby develop quality provision, early years practitioners must develop a professional approach that combines personal awareness with theoretical knowledge. It argues that the development of such abilities is enabled in process-oriented training over an extended period of time and describes the 'Key Times' Project (London Metropolitan University with the London Borough of Camden, 2000–2005) as illustration of a process that impacted positively on practitioners' professional self-worth through valuing self-awareness in relation to the physical and emotional dimensions of practice.


In connection with conception of Unitary System of Agricultural, Forest and Water Management, there was necessary to explain relations between stationary and dynamic elements of land area. Knowledge of symmetry of structure of springs of underground waters then led to further explanation of principles which enabled to define land area as a formation making up a hydrogeomorphologically closed system. That is why, in the presented work, relation between a stationary and a dynamic component of land area – geomorphology of area and hydrologic circuit, which determine the state and development of land area in the biosphere, are being solved.


SUMMARY This study explores the relationship between cognitive, motor, social and personality development of 3-year-old children and the age of their entry into preschool, which ranged from 10 to 45 months. 247 children from 17 preschools in different regions of Slovenia, all implementing the same National Curriculum, participated. Preschool teachers assessed the social behaviour of the participating children on the Social Competence and Behaviour Evaluation Scale. Individual child personality differences were rated independently by their mothers and fathers, and by their preschool teachers using a recently developed culturally- and age-decentred Inventory of Children's Individual Differences. The Bayley Scales of Infant Development-II were individually administered to each child, providing an evaluation of the child's mental and motor developmental status and the child's behaviour during the application of the Mental and Motor Scales. Groups of children who entered preschool at different ages (10 to 15 months, 16 to 30 months and 31 to 45 months) and came from different educational backgrounds (low, middle or high parental education) were compared with respect to the above indicators of their development, while controlling for the quality of parental care (stimulation, affection and demandingness). The results suggest that early entry per se does not present a risk factor for later developmental problems, however, it is associated with sociability, assertiveness and absence of internalising problems. Furthermore, parental educational level is linked to several of the children's personality traits as perceived by their care givers (mothers, fathers and teachers), mostly to those representing the cognitive aspect of personality, although the differences in parental educational level are not reflected in the children's actual performance on the Mental Developmental Scale.


The Institute's Insolvency Committee reports on insolvency matters primarily to the Regulation Board however it also feeds in to the Technical Policy Board .


This paper discusses ZJCAPPDT,a CAPP intellect developing tool for parts of heavy-duty machinery developed on the analysis of application CAPP systems.It presents a design idea based on the standard components. It also gives out the standard components of parts in heavy-duty machinery CAPP system.The user can easily generate a CAPP applicati0n system for new parts of heavy-duty machinery with the help of ZJCAPPDT.


A case history of an extremely rare volar perilunar dislocation of the carpus with fracture of the navicular has been presented. The mechanism of injury in this patient was a force directed to the dorsum of the partially flexed hand. This fracture-dislocation presents the reverse picture of the more common dorsal perilunar dislocation.

Our explanation of the mechanism of the production of lunar and perilunar dislocation is presented.


Top fluidized bed requires a lot of heat to accelerate the heat and mass transfer processes, so that the coating raw materials in the coating after the rapid evaporation, so the power of the heater is large, and the heated air is directly discharged into the atmosphere after filtration, the waste of heat is caused.This paper starts from the structure, has designed an energy-saving fluidized bed, in theory, can save nearly half of the electricity.


In the era of globalization,only the principles of understanding and tolerance can achieve harmony between the national culture,and the particularities of national culture should be focused in exchanges.The pursuit of understanding is a creative process.The purpose of understanding is to get a certain communication,but still remain the differences between the two sides.To tolerate is not gently to indulge or to exercise forbearance,but to be equal and respect in different national cultural exchanges.The openness of one culture is stressed in exchanges,and this concept inspires people to respect the customs,languages,and traditions in exchanges.


SummaryThe technique of pulse radiolysis has been used to study radiolytic processes in egg-white. The yield of eaq− is 74·5 per cent of that in pure water. The half-life for the decay of eaq− is 4·5 × 10−8 sec and that for the decay of OH radicals is < 5 × 10−9 sec. Cystine anion-radicals are produced with a yield of G(Cy) = 1·44. Part of the cystine anion-radical decays via a reaction with oxygen (k(Cy + O2) = 1·3 × 108 M−1 sec−1).


Work Related Musculoskeletal Disorders (WRMSD) are the sort of disorders which involves soft tissues. The involvement of soft tissues can be due to the over use, restlessness and improper use. The main target of WRMSD are working indicuduals.it may cause muscle strain, ligament strain, tendon strain, tendinitis and bursitis. The cross section survey was conducted and data was collected from July to October 2018 from Jinnah Post graduate medical Centre Karachi, Pakistan. A self-constructed proforma was used among the 194 patients who meet the inclusion and exclusion criteria and Spss version 23 was used. The majority (n=98, 50.5%) were belongs to age group of 21 to 35 and were (n=102, 52.6%) were male. In marital status majority (n=128, 66%) were married. In involvement of part majority (n=56, 28.9%) were suffering from lower back problem. After checking the type of injury (n=56, 49.5%) were suffering from muscular strain. In the context of onset of injury majority (n=82, 42.3%) were experienced their problem suddenly. The study finalized that WRMSD is most common in working individuals especially in older and females. The WRMDS puts heavy burden on the society, annually. As the participants who belongs to low socio economic status are more vulnerable for WRMDS.


THE optical absorption of ozone in the region 3150 to 2200 A has been used by a number of workers for the determination of the amount of ozone in the atmosphere, since the pioneer use of it for this purpose by Pabry and Buisson' in 1920. Buisson, Jousseran and Rouard in Prance, 2 Gotz and Ladenburg, 3 and Gotz and Maier-Leibnitz4 in Switzerland have determined the relative attenuations of ultra-violet light of different wave-lengths by exposing similar spectrographs at different distances from a source of radiation and calculated from the results that the amount of ozone normally present in the air-layers near the ground is in the neighbourhood of 2 X 10 -3 cm. at N.T.P. per kilometre length of air. The present note describes a simple prism spectrograph for the photometric determination of the amount of ozone in the air-layers near the ground and the preliminary results of some measurements made with it at Poona.


The PRESIDENT said that at present the patient had well-marked physical signs at the back of the right apex and tubercle bacilli in his sputum. He was going to a sanatorium in the course of a week. It was quite easy to use the direct tube with cocaine, and galvano-puncture could be carried out with great accuracy. Of course the indirect method could probably have been used, but he did not think he could have applied the cautery as accurately with it as with the direct method.


We describe ongoing NIST research into software assurance as an important requirement for evaluating software trustworthiness. We describe our efforts to apply a structured assurance case toward assuring selected software properties.


Summers et al1 recently published their observations that mast cells are crucial to renal fibrosis induced by ureteral obstruction. This work confirmed our report showing that mast cells are required for the development of renal fibrosis in the rodent unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) model2. Our manuscript was published online September 28th, 2011. We would like to take this opportunity to expand on this role of mast cells in renal fibrosis, and advance a hypothesis for the underlying mechanism. In view of the fact that mast cells are found in close proximity to fibroblasts in UUO kidneys, we hypothesize that mast cell mediators released during degranulation are responsible for fibroblast proliferation and activation ultimately leading to fibrosis3. Recent findings from our lab demonstrate that kidney fibroblasts express the ANG II AT1 receptor (R) and the histamine H1R subtypes. Addition of ANG II and histamine to kidney fibroblasts in culture, promote proliferation, TGF-βsynthesis and collagen production3. These results, along with the findings of Veerappan et al2 and Summers et al1 suggest that release of mast cell mediators like renin (ANG II) and histamine, provide a mechanism that couples mast cell degranulation to fibroblast activation with the ensuing fibrosis. Targeting of mast cells and their products may represent novel therapeutic targets for preventing renal fibrosis.


Metodologias comparatistas y literatura comparada is the most recent work by the Research Group "HumanismoEuropa", coordinated by Prof. Pedro Aullon de Haro, from the University of Alicante, in Spain. This body of work, following on from the line of a previous work, Teoria del Humanismo (2010), intends to contribute to the renewal and reconstruction of Human Sciences. With this objective in mind forty researchers have worked together to theoretically establish the comparative method, addressing the necessity of a methodology in the field of humanities and social sciences caused by the globalization process.


This paper presents the initial design and implementation of the global Fast Orbit Feedback (FOFB) system for Diamond Light Source to enhance electron orbit stability. The FOFB system consists of 168 electronic Beam Position Monitors (BPMs), 24 VME-based feedback processors and a FOFB communication network to distribute the beam position values to the feedback processors. The main topic of the paper is the design of the communication controller (CC), which is central to the data distribution and its FPGA-based implementation. The CC design is unaware of the network topology so enables a number of options for the physical structure and further supports diverse routes so enabling operation to continue with single and multi-link faults. INTRODUCTION Diamond Light Source is the 3rd generation 3 GeV electron synchrotron currently under construction in the UK. The facility will comprise a 3 GeV electron storage ring, injected from a 100 MeV linac through a full energy booster synchrotron, and has approval for 22 beamlines. The global Fast Orbit Feedback (FOFB) system for Diamond Light Source is currently being implemented. The FOFB system will stabilise the electron beam position towards an ideal electron beam orbit. The FOFB system consists of: • 168 Electronic Beam Position Monitors (BPMs) located around the storage ring, • 24 VME-based processors running the feedback algorithm, • Power supply controller units for 96 fast corrector and 168 slow corrector magnets, and • FOFB communication network to distribute the beam position values. This paper reports on the design and realisation of FOFB communication network and in particular the implementation of the Communication Controller. FOFB SYSTEM OVERVIEW Diamond Storage Ring consists of 24 identical lattice cells. Each cell has control and instrumentation for that area in an air conditioned, temperature stabilised room, called a CIA. Each CIA houses the racks and instrumentation including a diagnostics rack and a power supply rack as shown in Figure 1. Figure 1: Storage Ring Cell Block Diagram. 10th ICALEPCS Int. Conf. on Accelerator & Large Expt. Physics Control Systems. Geneva, 10 14 Oct 2005, PO2.030-2 (2005)


Objective
To investigate the clinical effects of subemergency treatment of femoral intertrochanteric fractures in elderly patients.

Methods
From June 2013 through February 2014, 47 patients older than 65 years were treated for femoral intertrochanteric fracture at our department and completed full follow-ups. Of them, 20 received subemergency operation. They were 9 men and 11 women, with an average age of 72.2±4.8 years. By the Evans-Jensen classification, there were 2 cases of type I, 5 of type II, 5 of type III, 5 of type IV, and 3 of type V. The time from injury to surgery ranged from 0.5 to 1.7 days (average, 0.8 days). The other 27 patients underwent selective operation. They were 11 men and 16 women, with an average age of 74.9±5.7 years. By the Evans-Jensen classification, there were 3 cases of type I, 6 of type II, 6 of type Ⅲ, 7 of type IV, and 5 of type V. The time from injury to surgery ranged from 2 to 5 days (average, 3.4 days). We compared the 2 groups in terms of in-hospital complications, fracture healing time, length of hospital stay, and hip scores at the last follow-up.

Results
All the patients were followed up for 12 to 15 months (mean, 13.4 months). The rate of in-hospital complications in the subemergency operation group (35.0%, 7/20) was significantly lower than that in the selective operation group (51.9%, 14/27), and the length of hospital stay in the former (12.1±1.6 days) was significantly shorter than in the latter (16.1±1.8 days) (P 0.05). According to the hip scores at the last follow-up, the subemergency operation group had 16 excellent, 2 good, one fair and one poor cases (with an excellent to good rate of 90.0%) while the selective operation group had 21 excellent, 2 good, 2 fair and 2 poor cases (with an excellent to good rate of 85.2%), showing no significant difference between groups (P>0.05).

Conclusion
Subemergency operation can reduce not only in-hospital complications but also length of hospital stay for old patients with femoral intertrochanteric fracture.

Key words:
Hip fractures; Fracture fixation, internal; Operative occasion; Aged


PMMA cement was reinforced by 20CaO-80SiO 2 gel in order to induce bioactivity, and its apatite forming ability was investigated using simula ted body fluid. The gel containing 20CaO-80SiO2 was easily prepared by sol-gel method. When the gel powders replaced 50wt% of the PMMA, the cement was hardened after mixing for 7 min. Conventio nal PMMA cement did not form apatite on its surface, but the novel PMMA-based bone ce m nt reinforced by sol-gel derived 20CaO-80SiO 2 gel formed bonelike apatite on its surface after soaking in SBF7.25 for 2 weeks. From these results, it is suggested that novel PMMA-base d bone cement can bond to living bone and then it can be used for bioactive bone cement. Introduction Bone cement consisting of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) pow der and methyl methacrylate(MMA) liquid, in which they are mixed and polymerized , is clinically used for the fixation of implants such as artificial hip joint. Significant pr oblems on the PMMA bone cement are caused by loosening at the interface between bone and cement, s ince the cement does not show bone-bonding, i.e. bioactivity. Many attempts have been done to induce bioa tivity in PMMA bone cement. It has been proposed that the CaO-SiO 2 system can be a good basic composition of bioactive glasses and glass-ceramics, since the dis solved Ca ion from the matrix increases the degree of supersaturation and the hydrated silica developed on them induce apatite formation. In the present study, novel PMMA-based bone cement that was reinforced with bioactive CaO-SiO2 powder was developed and its apatite forming ability was investigated. Methods As a bioactive powder, 20CaO-80SiO 2 gel was prepared by the hydrolysis and polycondensation of tetraethoxysilane (TEOS, Si(C 2H5O)4). Polyethylene glycol (M.W. 10,000) and calcium nitrate (Ca(NO3)2 4H2O) were dissolved into ion-exchanged distilled water, and concentrat d nitric acid was added. Then TEOS was added to the above solution under vig orous stirring. After 5 min., the solution was transferred into a plastic Petri dish with its top tightly sealed, and was kept at 40°C in an air-circulating oven for gelation. After it was aged for another 18h, the obtained wet gel was immersed in aqueous nitric acid solution for 6 hours . The nitric acid solution was renewed every 2h. Then, the obtained wet gel was dried at 40°C for 6days, it was heated at 600 °C at a heating rate of 100 °C/h, and held at the temperature for 2h, then allowed to cool to room temperature. After heat treatment, the gel was powdered by planetar y ball mill. The PMMA powder was mixed with 20CaO-80SiO 2 gel powder at 50wt% of the powder. Benzoyl oxide was then added to the powder as a polymerization initi ator. MMA liquid was Key Engineering Materials Online: 2003-12-15 ISSN: 1662-9795, Vols. 254-256, pp 285-288 doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.254-256.285 © 2004 Trans Tech Publications Ltd, Switzerland All rights reserved. No part of contents of this paper may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without the written permission of Trans Tech Publications Ltd, www.scientific.net. (Semanticscholar.org-13/03/20,19:47:03) mixed with N,N-dimethyl-p-toluidine as a polymerization accelera tor. The powder was mixed with the liquid at a powder to liquid ratio of 1g/ 0,5 g at room tempe rature. The paste was shaped to cylindrical specimens and then the setting time of the cement was measured. Apatite forming ability of the cement was investigated using simulated body flui d (SBF) with ion concentrations nearly equal to those of the human blood plasma (Na + 142.0, K 5.0, Mg 1.5, Ca 2.5, Cl 147.8, HCO3 4.2, HPO4 21.0, SO4 20.5 mmol/dm)[1]. Before and after soaking in SBF, the surfaces of the specimen were investigated by SEM observation, XRay diffraction and FT-IR diffusive reflection spectroscopy. Results The structural characteristics and their apatite forming abi lity of the sol-gel derived CaO-SiO 2 system were well described in a previous study [2]. According to the results of the X-ray diffraction for the sol-gel derived CaO-SiO 2 system, the gels were amorphous after heat treatment at 600 °C. However, SEM observation results showed that the structural mor phol gy changed with their composition. Higher than 15wt% CaO, the gels ha ving interconnected micrometer-ranged pore structure were obtained, whereas CaO cont ent exceed 20wt%, the interconnected pore structure was destroyed and then changed to agglomeration of spherical powder. Regarding the bioactivity of CaO-SiO 2 gels it was shown that the induction period of apatite formation for the CaO-SiO 2 gels increased with the CaO content. The 20CaO-80SiO2 gels heat-treated at 600oC formed bonelike-apatite on their surfaces wit hin 1 week soaking in SBF7.25. Furthermore, it is thought that the spherical powder positively aff cts the rheological properties of the cement. Based upon these results, the present authors used 20CaO-80SiO 2 gel for the induction of bioactivity on PMMA-based cement in this study. When the gel powders replaced all the PMMA powder, the cement was not hardened. However, we could obtain hardened cement by replacement of 50wt% of the PMMA by the gel powder after mixing for 7 min. Figure 1 shows that fractured surf ace of novel PMMA-based cement in which 50wt% of PMMA was replaced. The result of SEM obse rvation for the cement showed that the gel powder was well dispersed and remained in PMMA cement mat rix. As a essential requirement to bond to living bone, artificial mate rials have to form the bonelike apatite layer on their surfaces in vivo or in vitro[3,4]. It is well known that conventional PMMA cement did not form apatite on its surface in vivo as well as in vitro. Figure 2 shows that Thin Film-XRD patterns of the novel PMMA-based cement reinforced by 20CaO-80SiO2 gel before and after soaking in SBF for 2 weeks. Before soaking in SBF, only a broad r eflection peak due to amorphous 20CaO-80SiO 2 gel is detected, but new diffraction peaks due to apatite appears on the surface of PMMA-based cement after 2 weeks in SB F, as shown in Fig. 2. According to SEM observation as shown in Fig. 3, platelike particles w ere deposited on the novel cement surface. The morphology of the apatite crystals induce d on the surface of the cement is very similar to that of crystals on the surfaces of various bioactive glass, glassceramics. From these results, it is suggested that the novel PMM A-based cement reinforced by sol-gel derived 20CaO-80SiO 2 gels bond to living bone when they are implanted in the body environment and then can be used for bioactive bone cement. 286 Bioceramics 16


Parkinson's disease (PD) is a type of progressive neurological disorder which effect on the human nervous system and its main cause is decrease level of dopamine in forebrain. To develop a web application to detect if a persons have the PD or not having the PD using input voice features and supervised machine learning models. Linear and time frequency based features are extracted from each input voice samples. These are used to train and are given as input for the machine learning model to predict. Presence of PD or not. We are here using the voice dataset collected from people with and without PD for Machine Learning algorithms: SVM, Random Forest, XGBoost, and KNN.


With the continuous improvement of national economy, Chinese people begin to pay attention to leisure sports, which brings great opportunities for the development of leisure sports industry. Sichuan Province is rich in historical and cultural resources, and possesses conditions for developing leisure sports industry. In order to promote the development of leisure industry in Sichuan Province, the path analysis on improving industrial quality and efficiency of leisure industry is of great importance.


Listing of laboratory experiments used in a sophomore level analytical laboratory course. Symposium: Present status of the teaching of analytical chemistry.


This paper presents the error probability analysis of Time-Hopping Biorthogonal Pulse Position Modulation (TH-BPPM) ultra-wideband (UWB) systems with a RAKE receiver over indoor multi-path fading channels. UWB signals suffer from severe multi-path interference when employed in an indoor fading environment. A RAKE receiver can be used to improve the performance of UWB systems. TH-BPPM has attracted much attention in recent years due to its many advantages, such as low probability of error and low complexity. In this paper, the IEEE 802.15.3a indoor channel model is employed to analyze the performance of TH-BPPM UWB systems with different RAKE receivers. The bit error rate (BER) of ARake, PRake, and SRake TH-BPPM UWB systems is derived. The results indicate that ARake has the best performance, SRake is better than PRake when the number of fingers is same.


In this paper, the modelling and power transfer control of the variable speed wind energy system are presented. Firstly, a Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) method is developed in order to maximize the energy generation of wind system based on doubly fed induction generator (DFIG). Then, the control of both Rotor Side Converter (RSC) and Grid Side Converter (GSC) is studied and the design of a multivariable selective filter is presented. Finally, simulation of a 850 kW doubly fed induction generator wind system was performed in the Matlab / Simulink / SimPowerSystems environment.


Due to the great inter-individual variability of pharmacokinetics and bleeding phenotype among children with severe hemophilia A(SHA), individualized prophylaxis is urgent and vital. To investigate the effectiveness of our new-proposed PK-guided, trough level escalating dosing regimen. with SHA were enrolled. They followed a PK-guided, trough level escalating protocol. PK tests were conducted with a five-point assay to calculate individualized PK profiles. During the two-year period, clinical assessments were conducted every six months, including joint bleeds, ultrasound(US) scores and Hemophilia Joint Health Score(HJHS) of ankles, knees and elbows. A quantitative scoring system based on the above-mentioned clinical assessments was used to determine the necessity of trough level's escalation. boys Their the the


With the accession of foreign-funded construction enterprises,the domestic construction market competition becomes increasingly fierce. Enterprises not only rely on its own comprehensive strength in market competition,but also it plays a vital role for bidding management to get max profits. The text regards the bidding process as the core and combined with the author's work experience for proving domestic construction enterprises the main measures in order to adapt and improve engineering bidding management under the new situation from the tender organization,cost control,notes and so on.


Master of Arts DEGREE REQUIREMENTS Credits PA8100 Public Admin & Governance 1 PA8101 Policy Analysis and Challenges 1 PA8102 The State & the Economy 1 PA8103 Research Methods 1 Two elective credits 2 AND one of the following Options: THESIS Option: Master's Thesis (Milestone) MAJOR RESEARCH PROJECT Option: Master's Research Project (Milestone) Two elective credits 2 COURSE Option: Four Elective credits 4


Black coatings proposed by the company Acktar present very high light absorbance in a broad wavelength range (13 nm to 14 μm). Various types exist presenting their own advantages and characteristics. For 2 separate projects, CSL implemented the Fractal Black coating from Acktar on flight hardware in order to reach the expected straylight suppression performances. The first project is the S1 mission of the European Space Agency named CHEOPS. This instrument is observing exoplanets via the transit method in order to determine with high accuracy their characteristics. The small telescope is protected from straylight by a baffle of about 600 mm in diameter and 700 mm long, whose design and manufacturing are under responsibility of CSL. In order to reach the high suppression requirement, the Fractal Black coating by Acktar was selected as blackening solution for the internal surfaces. Due to size limitation inherent to the coating process, 5 vanes have been selected for the application of the coating. The vanes' size and the presence of a sharp edge challenged the provider but excellent results were achieved. In the frame of this project, samples have been coated and several optical measurements have been performed: BRDF measurements, hemireflectance measurements and edge measurements. Rapid thermal cycling and adhesion tests have also been performed on edge samples in order to confirm the coating adhesion in thermal environment. All these results will be presented in the paper. This baffle has passed all qualification steps at sub-system level and instrument level. CHEOPS will be ready for launch end 2018. The second instrument is the embedded calibration assembly of the UVN instrument of Sentinel-4. Sentinel-4 is part of the Copernicus programme of the European Space Agency that will observe from space the atmosphere pollutants. The calibration assembly, which is under responsibility of CSL, will provide calibration references of the instrument at regular intervals. The reference is obtained from sun-light scattered by a stack of diffusers and illuminating the instrument. The calibration system is preceded by a baffle that should attenuate the stray-light from external sources and mainly Earth limb that will be close to the field of view. On the other hand, it shall avoid any impact of the baffle to the absolute transmission of the diffusers and so it shall reject the light from the Sun which will inevitably scatter inside the baffle. Straylight analyses performed at CSL showed that if a large part of the baffle can use classical black coatings, the last conical sections as well as the diffusers holders need to be darker. Different coatings were considered but Fractal Black was again a better candidate for this purpose and this solution was selected. The coating was applied by Acktar on these parts. A first qualification model was submitted, among others, to a straylight test which confirms the rejection performance of the overall assembly. The full qualification campaign has also been run successfully on the calibration assembly and acceptance test are running on 2 flight models. The results of the straylight analyses and of the straylight tests on various models will be presented in the paper. Proceedings of the 14 ISMSE/12 ICPMSE, Biarritz, France, 1 to 5 October 2018.


In its search for cultural identity, America, during the late nineteenth and early twenti eth centuries, found itself entangled in a bewildering profusion of then-current art movements, some closely interrelated, oth ers widely contrasting both stylistically and philosophically. This well-recognized char acteristic of the period is clearly demon strated by the coexistence of American Impressionism, Objective Realism, Ashcan Realism, Art Nouveau, Symbolism, and early abstractionism. In addition, the aca demic Neoclassicism that had been widely welcomed at the World's Columbian Ex position in Chicago in 1893 lingered on as one of the dominant forces through World War I.


The aim of the research is to analyze the influence of temperature on the characteristics of stepper motor. The research results will be used to assess the suitability of the stepper motor, as generator of motion periodically-variable. The example of the application of generators of motion periodically-variable are mills, crushers, crushing or transporting uniform motion machines. The test results will also be used in the assessment of the applicability of a stepper motor as a generator of motion periodically-variable to create a stand for experimental studies of belt transmission. The tests were conducted with the use of a universal test stand, consisting of sensors, torque and rotational speed. The loads have been applied by a brake with a magnetorheological liquid.


In response to Claire Anderson (letters October 10), nursing students on the diploma course do not in fact receive 'substantial bursaries'. The bursary has been cut drastically in real terms.


The reaserch was conducted in Bentok Darat village,Bati-Bati district,for sampling the farmers were taken by purpose namely that seck klon pb 260 as much as 16 farmers. Outpouring of labor in the family bigger role that 77,13 % out family that much 22,87 %.The index value in labour productivity of Rp 93.482,58 higher than the wage rate of Rp 40.000,.while for the value of land productivity of 5,8 ton/ha.


Objective Use the scene teaching methocl teaching in the surgical nursing experiment teaching,uiclened syudent,s thought,causes is only grasps skilled.Methods The sclection chapter uses the oraclition ocaching methocl according to class and grade one to teach,another uses the scene tcaching method after the class,carries on the questionnaire survey appraisal to the student.Results The scene teaching method to quide the students understanding of knowledge is much higher than tradition method.Conclusion In the surgical nursing teaching,the scene teaching methocl can enhance studeut,s study interesting greatly,transferral student,s initative.


In this study, the sorption behaviour of natural (clinoptilolite) zeolites with respect to cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn) has been studied in order to consider its application to purity metal finishing wastewaters. The batch method has been employed, using competitive sorption system with metal concentrations in solution ranging from 50 to 300 mg/l. The percentage sorption and distribution coefficients (Kd) were determined for the sorption system as a function of metal concentration. In addition lability of the sorbed metals was estimated by DTPA extraction following their sorption. The results showed that Freundlich model described satisfactorily sorption of all metals. Zeolite sorbed around 32, 75, 28, 99, and 59 % of the added Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn metal concentrations respectively. According to the percentage sorption and distribution coefficients values, the selectivity sequence of studied metals by zeolite can be given as Pb > Cu > Zn > Cd > Ni. About 57, 47, 78, 22, and 29 % from the total sorbed Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn recovered by DTPA indicating that lability of the adsorbed Ni was higher than, Cd, Cu, Zn, and Pb respectively. These results show that natural zeolites hold great potential to remove cationic heavy metal species from industrial wastewater.


Software design, development and maintenance for large scale systems has been one of the most difficult and expensive phases of the software development life cycle. Design and maintenance is especially difficult when the system includes autonomic features. As the system size and variety of autonomic behaviors scale up, it increases the chance of many unexpected and unwanted interactions. Separate design tools can hide these potential interactions. To face these challenges, we propose an autonomic system integration platform where holistic design models capture system structure, target system resources, and autonomic behavior. The fault mitigative, autonomic behavior can be explicitly coupled to the components and underlying resources of the system. System generation technology is used to create the software that implements these coupled specifications, including communication between components with custom data type marshalling and demarshalling, system startup and configuration, fault tolerant behavior, and autonomic procedures for self-correction. This modeling schema, along with the tools to generate the various system components are described in this paper.


A GENERAL PSEUDOSPECTRAL FORMULATION OF A CLASS OF STURM-LIOUVILLE SYSTEMS Alıcı, Haydar Ph. D., Department of Mathematics Supervisor : Prof. Dr. Hasan Taşeli September 2010, 83 pages In this thesis, a general pseudospectral formulation for a class of SturmLiouville eigenvalue problems is consructed. It is shown that almost all, regular or singular, Stu rm-Liouville eigenvalue problems in the Schr ödinger form may be transformed into a more tractable form. This tractable form will be called here a weighted equation of hypergeometric type with a perturbation(WEHTP) since the non-weighted and unperturbed part of it is known as the equation of hypergeometric type (EHT). It is well known that the EHT has polynomial solutions which form a basis for the Hilbert space of square integrable functions. Pseu do pectral methods based on this natural expansion basis are constructed to approximate the e igenvalues of WEHTP, and hence the energy eigenvalues of the Schr ödinger equation. Exemplary computations are performed to support the convergence numerically.


On the arrival of the 50th anniversary of Radiocarbon, we review important developments in radiocarbon dating in China during the past 50 years, especially concerning 3 aspects: sample standard and preparation, accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) facilities, and 14C applications. Specifically, these events are marked by the establishment of the Chinese sucrose charcoal standard in China; the development of small-sample dating in the Xi'an Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS); the progress of the AMS facilities in Beijing (China Institute of Atomic Energy and Beijing University); the innovation of the mini-cyclotron-based AMS at Shanghai Institute of Nuclear Research, CAS; the exploration of the Xia-Shang-Zhou chronology project in China; the establishment of the Xi'an multi-element AMS at the Xi'an-AMS Center; and the breakthrough in tracing the geomagnetic intensities and precipitation from 10Be in Chinese loess at the Institute of Earth Environment, CAS.


Method and apparatus for transmission of electrical power and signals between a wall and a over this wall pivoting wing, in order provided on the wing of electrical loads (79) operating state dependent electrical actuation performance and provided on the wing electric signal transmitter (62) with electrical operating power to supply, wherein the operation performance and the operating power is transmitted galvanically separated by means of a single power transmitting means (44) of the wall to the vanes and for controlling the wall-supplied electric power in dependence of the actuation and operation of power demand signals from the wing to the wall by means of a first optocoupler (48) be transmitted, and wherein signals between a wall-side drive and evaluation device and the signal transmitters by means of a second optocoupler (50) can be transmitted bidirectionally between the wall and the vane.


Atherosclerosis as one of the causes of cardiovascular disease will induce endothelial dysfunction and platelet aggregation. Mangostin peel extract (MPE) contains xanthones which have antioxidant activity, anti-cholesterol, anti-aggregation, and anti-inflammatory in preventing and inhibiting atherosclerosis. In this research, MPE was evaluated the xanthones quantitative based on standard xanthone compounds using High Liquid Performance Chromatography (HPLC) method and tested anti-aggregation platelet activity and ABTS+ 2,2-Azinobis-(3 ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium (ABTS)-reducing activity. The anti-aggregation platelet using agonist namely adenosine diphosphate inducer (ADP), collagen (COLL), and epinephrine (EPN). Quantification of MPE using four xanthones compound as a marker, showed that MPE contained α-mangostin 105 ppm, γ-mangostin 7.20 ppm, 9.92 ppm Gar-C, and Gar-D 3.50 ppm. MPE and xathones had high ABTS-reducing activity and the most active was, α-mangostin with IC50 2.348 μg/ml. αmangostin and γ-mangostin had anti-aggregation activity on EPN inducer were comparable with aspirin. MPE and xathones had no anti-aggregation activity on COLL and ADP inducer. MPE contain xathones including α-mangostin, γ-mangostin, Garcinone-C and Garcinone-D. MPE and xanthones have high ABTSreducing activity. MPE, α-mangostin, γ-mangostin, Garcinone-D decrease EPN-induced aggregation platelet. α-mangostin, γ-mangostin were the most active antia-ggregation and antioxidant activities.


This article presents a 15-channel orthogonal code chopping instrumentation amplifier (OCCIA) for an area-efficient and low gain-mismatch multi-channel bio-signal acquisition. Orthogonal codes directly modulate each channel and merge into a single signal for sharing IA, while performing dynamic offset compensation with low power consumption. Digitization-before-demodulation (DBD) transmits the combined modulated data directly, which alleviates ripple noise, and completely removes the demodulation and TX encoding overhead from the ASIC. The proposed OCCIA in 0.18-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> 1P6M CMOS, when compared with the recent multi-channel instrumentation amplifiers (IAs), shows the smallest area (0.019 mm2/Ch.), low gain mismatch (0.43%), with the lowest power consumption (1.97 <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \text{W}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>/Ch.) and low crosstalk (< −51.5 dB) at 490-Hz bandwidth.


PUBLICATION INFO International Journal of Agricultural Invention (IJAI) RNI: UPENG/2016/70091 ISSN: 2456-1797 (P) Vol.: 3, Issue: 1, Pages: 1-5 Journal Homepage URL http://agriinventionjournal.com/ DOI: 10.46492/IJAI/2018.3.1.1 ABSTRACT This research work aimed at assessment of some heavy metal concentration (Fe, Mn, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn) in soil and their uptake by Hibiscus sabdariffa vegetable in irrigation areas, and to ascertain the danger posed from the consumption of these vegetable to human health. Samples were collected from four different locations and analyzed using bulk scientific Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The concentration of heavy metals (mg/kg) in agricultural soil collected from different sites along river Yadzaram ranged from 8.33 to 15.54 for Fe, 0.051 to 0.227 for Cu, 7.245 to 8.545 for Mn, 0.001 to 0.002 for Ni, 0.474 to 1.744 for Zn, and 0.001 to 0.005 for Pb. Fe concentration in plants (Hibiscus sabdariffa) ranged between 6.50 to 16.42 mg/kg in all four sites of the studied area, Cu values ranged between 0.30 to 0.72 mg/kg. The concentration of Mn in plants ranged from 2.73 to 12.09 mg/kg, Ni concentration in plant samples from four site varied from 0.001 to 0.004 mg/kg, Zn concentration varied from 0.98 to 1.99 mg/kg and Pb range values of 0.00 to 0.007 mg/kg. The contamination/ pollution index of heavy metals calculated for soil revealed that all sites were polluted with Fe at Kwacham, Wuro-gude, Kwachiffa and Sabon Gari site which suggested that it might pose negative effect on plants and soil environments while Ni, Zn, Mn, Cu and Pb are below range and will have no negative effect on soil, plant and environments.


The inhibit sense multiple access with polling (ISMA/P) is a packet-based medium-access control scheme for statistical multiplexing of data users over a single slotted channel of a time-division multiple-access (TDMA) cellular system. In ISMA/P, the central base station (BS) asserts control over the users by polling data in smaller blocks. This enables ISMA/P to attain a near ideal, steady, and high throughput and low-mean delay performance, which is not usually achievable by contention-reservation-based MAC schemes. In this paper, we describe the ISMA/P algorithm and provide a detailed simulation study of it over a global system for mobile communications (GSM)-like slotted channel for a traffic model adopted from European Railways applications. This study shows that ISMA/P can achieve a steady throughput of 90% over a large range of load. A number of practical advantages of ISMA/P, such as elimination of channel hogging, incorrect channel sensing, battery saving, etc., are also elaborated.


This paper probes into the periodical work of university library under the network environment from aspects of allocating rationally and developing completely the periodical resource,making full use of network superiorities to provide various service for readers,and strengthening the continuous education for periodical librarians,etc.


Objective To investigate the changes of adhesion molecules and their effects on skeletal muscle ischemia/reperfusion injury. Methods 42 Wistar rats were divided into 3 groups: normal control group (Group Ⅰ, n=6), ischemia group (Group Ⅱ, n=6),ischemia/reperfusion injury group (Group Ⅲ, n=30). The level of malondialdehyde (MDA) in the plasma, myeloperoxidase (MPO) in the skeletal muscle, CD11b/CD18 on the leukocytes, intercelluar adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in the skeletal muscle and the histological changes were studied 1 h, 2 h, 4 h, 8 h, 12 h reperfusion after ischemia for 4 h. Results In group Ⅲ, the expression of CD11b/CD18, ICAM-1 and the injury of skeletal muscle increased with the lapse of reperfusion time. They reached the peak at 8~12 hours' reperfusion. The injury of skeletal muscle developed with the expression of adhesion molecules. Conclusion The expression of CD11b/CD18 and ICAM-1 are significantly associated with the skeletal muscle ischemia-reperfusion injury.


Chalcone derivatives have been successfully utilized for a range of biological applications and can cross the blood–brain barrier easily. β-amyloid-specific bis-chalcone derivative, 6,9-bis(carboxymethyl)-14-(4-[(E)-3-(4-(dimethylamino)phenyl)acryloyl]phenoxy)-3-(2-[(2-(4-[(E)-3-(4-(dimethylamino)phenyl)acryloyl]phenoxy)ethyl)amino]-2-oxoethyl)-11-oxo-3,6,9,12-tetraazatetradecanoic acid, DT(Ch)2, was analyzed using molecular modeling to explain the binding modes of the ligand with amyloid fibril and monomer followed by 99mTc-complexation in 95% yield and 98.7% efficiency. High-binding specificity of the radiocomplex was established following in vitro evaluation against 100-fold excess of DT(Ch)2. 99mTc–DT(Ch)2 exhibited <3% trans-complexation in human serum after 24 h, indicating high stability. A fast clearance rate in pharmacokinetics studies displayed a biphasic pattern with t1/2(F) = 30 min ± 0.09 and t1/2(S) = 4 h 20 min ± 0.06. In vivo single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging in rabbits reiterated the pharmacokinetics data with initially high brain uptake followed by rapid washout. Biodistribution studies confirmed the initial brain uptake as 1.16 ± 0.02% ID/g after 2 min and the brain2min/brain30min ratio was 3.74. Radioactivity distribution in the brain was >40% in the cingulate cortex followed by >25% in the hippocampus, a distribution pattern aligned to Alzheimer's affected brain regions. Radiocomplex also displayed rapid plasma clearance followed by hepatobolic and renal modes of excretion.


The procedure for farms financial statements preparation with particular disclosure of information as to the government support funds has been established. Changes in the forms of financial reporting according to farm category and size have been marked out. It has been found that certain forms of financial statements do not reflect relevant information required by users at micro and macro level in terms of public support. The statements lack disclosure of information on income received from realization of budget funds, flow of budget funds as per activity category, as well as current and non-current assets to be acquired by farm businesses for the budget funds gained. Since the state support is not stipulated by any particular items in financial statements, the author has made a proposal for unification of certain forms of financial statements and consolidation of information on the state support for various farms in order to provide analytical evaluation and control over the intended funds and their use efficiency.


Background Diabetes mellitus (DM) imposes a significant disease burden in economically transitioning regions. Most transitioning regions share similar experience in urbanization processes. Shanghai's Pudong district serves as a representative area of such regions. Objective We aimed to assess the burden of and trends in DM mortality in Shanghai's Pudong district and analyze the impact of aging and multimorbidity. Methods A longitudinal, population-based study was conducted to analyze DM mortality in Pudong from 2005 to 2020. We used joinpoint regression to analyze epidemiological features and long-term trends in crude mortality rate (CMR), age-standardized mortality rate worldwide (ASMRW), and years of life lost (YLL). Furthermore, the decomposition method was used to evaluate the contribution of demographic and nondemographic factors associated with mortality. Results There were 49,414 deaths among individuals with DM, including 15,512 deaths due to DM. The CMR and ASMRW were 109.55/105 and 38.01/105 person-years, respectively. Among the mortality associated with and due to DM, the total annual ASMRW increased by 3.65% (95% CI 3.25%-4.06%) and 1.38% (95% CI 0.74%-2.02%), respectively. Additionally, the total annual YLL rate increased by 4.98% (95% CI 3.92%-6.05%) and 2.68% (95% CI 1.34%-4.04%). The rates of YLL increase in persons aged 30 to 44 years (3.98%, 95% CI 0.32%-7.78%) and 45 to 59 years (4.31%, 95% CI 2.95%-5.69%) were followed by the increase in persons aged 80 years and older (10.53%, 95% CI 9.45%-11.62%) for deaths associated with DM. The annual CMR attributable to demographic factors increased by 41.9% (95% CI 17.73%-71.04%) and 36.72% (95% CI 16.69%-60.2%) for deaths associated with and due to DM, respectively. Hypertension, cerebrovascular disease, and ischemic heart disease were the top 3 comorbidities. Conclusions Aging and multimorbidity played essential roles in changing the burden of DM in an urbanizing and transitioning region. There is an increasing disease burden among young and middle-aged people, emphasizing the need for greater attention to these groups. Health management is an emerging method that holds important implications for alleviating the future burden of DM.


The thermally smelting netty film features that it contains at least one layer of fibre net, where the fibres with basically uniform diameter are randomly overlapped, cooled, and is produced by use of smelting-jetting technology to smelt thermosol particles, extrude and jet. The netty film basically weighs 3-50g/sq.m. The diameter of fibre is 5-50 micrometers. The smelting point of film is 80-160 deg.C. It may be used for clothes liner, leather, carpet, etc.


Double heterostructure planar waveguides with an InGaAs/InP multiple quantum well (MQW) core and InP cladding layers were grown by atmospheric pressure metalorganic chemical vapor deposition. Ridge waveguides had a low propagation loss of 0.8 dB/cm for 1.52 μm input light. The indices of refraction for the guided TE and TM modes have been measured and the bulk dispersion curves of the MQW material for the 1.46–1.55 μm wavelength region were derived.


This paper presents a study on the design of augmented toys for children with autism. The goal of the study was to develop an interactive game that could improve social interaction and cognitive skills in children with autism, as well as create an inclusive and accessible technology-rich toy that assists in the development of social and cognitive skills for children with autism. Two design proposals were explored: the Music Wheel and the RanGo. The Music Wheel aimed to target sensory problems like tactile, visual, auditory, fine motor skills, attention, concentration, and communication skills of children, while the RanGo was designed to improve cognitive skills like turn-taking, collaborative play, and independence in higher levels of the game. The study involved visits to two reference centers for children with autism and unstructured interviews with experts and parents of children with autism. A survey was also conducted to evaluate children's interactions during daily activities. An early pilot study was carried out with the RanGo, which provided some initial insights into its potential value for children with autism. The study highlights the importance of designing toys specifically for children with autism, considering their unique needs and challenges. Augmented toys like the Music Wheel and the RanGo can provide children with autism with an engaging and stimulating tool for learning and social interaction, improving their quality of life. Although further research is needed to verify the efficacy of the two design proposals, the present study provides initial evidence for the potential of augmented toys for children with autism.


The Constitution protects the rights of families from interference. This paper introduces the reader to the application of the Constitution to situations in which a state actor – usually a representative of a Child Protective Services-type agency or a police officer – has interfered with a family's right to be together, or a parent's right to make decisions for a child, prior to the family (or parent) having the opportunity to defend itself (or himself) in court. The general constitutional rule is that notice and a hearing are required before state actors can effect any such interference, even temporary interference. Accordingly, the kind of interference examined in this paper ought to be a rare exception, available only when there is reasonable basis to believe that a substantial, negative outcome will occur (most often, to a child) before a fair hearing can take place. I suggest that, given the speed with which judicial hearings can be held in this day and age, there are few instances in which such hearings are properly delayed. The cases studied suggest that the right to family integrity is too frequently violated by overzealous members of the child protection community, with little or inadequate check from the judiciary.


The Time Projection Chamber produces 3-dimensional information about the multiple tracks of reaction products produced by e+ e-collisions at the center of the chamber. Two dimensions (r,ø) result from processing signals from proportional wires and induction pads (a total of 17,000 signals) mounted at the end planes. The third (axial) dimension is obtained by measuring the drift time of ionization from the particle tracks to the end planes. To achieve this, all wire and pad signals (suitably shaped to about 500 ns width) are stored in Charge Coupled Devices (CCDs) which, at any moment, hold 45.5 ¿s of signal history clocked in at a sampling rate of 10 MHz. About 40 ¿s after a master trigger, the history is frozen by stopping the clocking action, and a slow clock mode (20 kHz) is initiated to read out the stored samples which are then digitized (9 bits) and processed by an on-line computer. A total of 17,000 channels × 455 samples (each digitized to 9 bit accuracy) is stored in the CCDs (i.e., about 70M bits) for each event. This paper describes the pulse shaping philosophy, the design of the CCD units, the drivers and the testing procedures.


Measurement of closing volumes has proved to be a sensitive technique for detecting the early lung function changes found in cigarette smokers. The sensitivity of this test is considerably greater than that of conventional spirometric tests. Widespread use of this test, however, should probably await standardization of the procedure and further understanding of the implications of abnormal test results.


The dispersion relation for plasma oscillations in a thin layered film is calculated in the SCF approximation for a model in which the electron motion along the film thickness is described like a tunnelling process between adjacent planes. For a semi-infinite medium the linear term in the dispersion relation of the surface plasmon is obtained. This is done using an appropriate expansion technique and in the limit of a 'create' separation between adjacent planes.


This paper describes a step-by-step process of creating a computer application that predicts breast cancer using Artificial Intelligence (AI) method of machine learning (ML). Machine learning will ...


The use of agent-based simulation models is growing and attracted a lot of attention recently both for researchers and business management. Agent-Object Relationship (AOR) is an agent-based simulation paradigm that uses reaction rules to model agents' behavior. The goal of this chapter, besides exemplifying the AOR concepts by means of a use case, is to investigate the use of business process modeling notation (BPMN) to model the AOR simulation process. Moreover it discusses aspects of a distributed architecture for an AOR simulation system. The chapter concludes with the fact that BPMN is well suited to model the AOR simulation process.


The router based on ForCES(Forwarding and Control Element Separation) meets the open,flexible and programmable demands of the next generation networks.It is an important trend of the next generation routers.The resources in an FE are represented by various kinds of standardized Logical Function Blocks(LFBs),each of which has a single specific function of processing packets.The main content of this paper is to design a LFB progress flow and construct a LFB management model.Furthermore,we present the operation interface,internal storage,and LFB parsing.The implementation of ForCES routers testifies the feasibility and the validity of this parsing tool.


Tiebacks are used to support earth retaining walls in deep excavations without using internal bracing. Although more expensive than bracing to construct, tiebacks can result in overall project savings by providing a clear work area. A tieback consists of a concrete or pressure grout anchor deep in the earth behind the wall being supported and a tie, which connects the wall to the anchor. The design of the anchor is empirical; experience is essential. Ties are designed as tension members and are usually steel bars or cables. The article discusses design considerations, describes the different procedures for installing tiebacks, lists contingencies that must be considered, tells when tiebacks cannot be used and compares the advantages and disadvantages of cables and bars for use as ties.


To produce high-quality white pigment, concentrated sulfuric acid is used to separate TiO2 from the raw material, which is usually an ore or a slag produced from titanium-rich iron ore. After dilution of the sulfuric acid in the crystallizer, it is re-concentrated in a multiple-effect evaporator set to a concentration of about 95%. The large variety of dissolved components in the process acid leads to the formation of very hard and resistant deposits on the surfaces of the high-temperature heat exchangers. The typical cleaning intervals of these heat exchangers, which are made from tantalum to resist corrosion, are 5–7 days. The present paper reports the results of an extensive investigation into the mechanisms and mitigation of scale formation in an industrial TiO2 plant. Numerous side-stream measurements have been performed to study the effects of the operating conditions on the deposition rates and the potential of various mitigation techniques such as turbulence promoters, fluidized beds, and magnetic fields.


The moment of inertia of a plane mass particles system about its centroid-through-axis can be expressed as follows: computing the square of distance of two arbitrary particles,then multiplying it with the two masses,respectively,all of such obtained product sum dividing the mass of the system.It is not needed to determine the centroid of the system but the lengths of lines connecting the two arbitrary particles is needed.Several applications in both rod and plate systems are presented.The examples also include the mixed structure of rod and plate,fractal plate and so on.The proposed expression has both important theoretical and practical value.


Parallel image processing has been a topic of interest for many years, but has not yet delivered a design methodology which can maintain portability across rapidly changing parallel implementation technologies. The two hurdles to be overcome are the difficulties of re-arranging application code into a parallel form and the lack of a general and universally supported parallel machine model. This paper addresses these problems using a functional language transformation, illustrated in the context of a particular application. We show that the overhead introduced by the transformation is relatively small, but the benefit derived is substantial, since the functional programming discipline enforces an implementation-independent definition of core parallel requirements, which can then be mapped onto a broad set of parallel architectures, ranging from shared and distributed memory conventional multiprocessors to direct hardware implementations constructed using silicon compilers and FPGA technology.


OBJECTIVE
To investigate the operative modalities and outcomes of 28 cases of ophthalmic segment aneurysms of internal carotid artery.

METHODS
Twenty-eight cases of ophthalmic segment aneurysms of internal carotid artery were operated on from May 2004 to August 2009. Of all 28 cases, 20 were large or giant. Nineteen aneurysms were directly clipped or resected with internal carotid artery revascularization. Since 2006, high-flow extracranial-intracranial (EC-IC) bypass were available and performed in 9 patients of large or giant aneurysms and then the aneurysms were resected or trapped.

RESULTS
Seventeen patients underwent digital subtraction angiography (DSA), computed tomography angiography (CTA) or magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) postoperatively. The images demonstrated that 5 grafts of bypass were in patency, and 2 were occluded. Only 1 aneurysm was partially clipped and the others disappeared on imaging. The 78% of these cases had good results (GOS 4-5). One patient died after EC-IC bypass due to neck hematoma.

CONCLUSIONS
The treatment of ophthalmic segment aneurysms of internal carotid artery, especially the large and giant ones, remains a challenge for neurovascular neurosurgeon. The accessory high-flow EC-IC bypass procedures and selection of suitable aneurysm clips are very important to improve the effectiveness of the operation.


Tubes with greatly bendedradius are formed during the push-bending process by the push-bending machine.During this process,the mutual influence between the mold and tube billet results in a rebounding angle,which is inevitable and thus influences the accuracy and precision of tube billet during the later use of tube billet.It intends to analyses the finite element model by the help of dynamic and finite element platform—ABAQUS/Explicit software.And also this paper attempts to analyses the factors that influence rebounding angle,including the relative bending radius,the relativetube thickness,coefficient of friction as well as the Material-hardening exponent and coefficient of strength.Based on the above analysis,this paper intends to get the rule curve for factors influencing the rebounding angle.


Color quantization is one of the basic skills of digital image processing.In the three-dimensional scene,the color is an important aspect of three-dimensional appearance,and how to quantify the color to produce realistic results is a very complex issue.In computer graphics,there are four kind of color quantization methods.This paper presents a color quantization algorithm by the combination of more advanced octree method and OpenGL.This algorithm can produce better scene in the render true color image files.


Asphalt modifier additive MPE was made from recycled plastics,which was added when aggregates mixed with asphalt,avoiding preparation of asphalt modifying in the factory.At different contents of modifier additive MPE,Marshall stability and tensile strength tests were made in order to obtain the relationship of residual stability tensile strength ratio with amounts of MPE.Besides,dynamic stability tests of asphalt concrete were executed,including conditions of different amounts of MPE,different mixing technics as well as SBS modified asphalt and field product.Finally,optimal content of MPE can be got,at which high-temperature moisture stability of asphalt concrete can be improved most.Then modifying principle was revealed by high power microscope from microstructure.In addition,this technic is not only simple and easy,but also economical and benefit for environmental protection.


Under this three year project, the condition of legacy oil and gas wells in the Midwest United States was evaluated through analysis of well records, well plugging information, CBL evaluation, sustained casing pressure (SCP) field testing, and analysis of hypothetical CO2 test areas to provide a realistic description of wellbore integrity factors. The research included a state-wide review of oil and gas well records for Ohio and Michigan, along with more detailed testing of wells in Ohio. Results concluded that oil and gas wells are clustered along fields in areas. Well records vary in quality, and there may be wells that have not been identified in records, but there are options for surveying unknown wells. Many of the deep saline formations being considered for CO2 storage have few wells that penetrate the storage zone or confining layers. Research suggests that a variety of well construction and plugging approaches have been used over time in the region. The project concluded that wellbore integrity is an important issue for CO2 storage applications in the Midwest United States. Realistic CO2 storage projects may cover an area in the subsurface with several hundred legacy oil and gas wells. However, closer inspection may often establishmore » that most of the wells do not penetrate the confining layers or storage zone. Therefore, addressing well integrity may be manageable. Field monitoring of SCP also indicated that tested wells provided zonal isolation of the reservoirs they were designed to isolate. Most of these wells appeared to exhibit gas pressure originating from intermediate zones. Based on these results, more flexibility in terms of cementing wells to surface, allowing well testing, and monitoring wells may aid operators in completing CO2 storage project. Several useful products were developed under this project for examining wellbore integrity for CO2 storage applications including, a database of over 4 million items on well integrity parameters in the study areas, a systematic CBL evaluation tool for rating cement in boreholes, SCP field testing procedures and analysis methodology, a process for summarizing well integrity at CO2 storage fields, a statistical analysis of well integrity indicators, and an assessment of practical methods and costs necessary to repair/remediate typical wells in the region based on assessment of six test study areas. Project results may benefit both CO2 storage and improved oil recovery applications. This study of wellbore integrity is a useful precursor to support development of geologic storage in the Midwest United States because it sheds more light on the actual well conditions (rather than the perceived condition) of historic oil and gas wells in the region.« less


Background: One of the beverages improving athletic performance is beetroot juice. Objectives: The aim of the present study was to investigate if six weeks of beetroot juice ingestion can increase VO2max and improve the performance of female soccer players. Methods: 20 female soccer players (age: 23.13 ± 0.77 years) were selected and assigned into two groups: experimental (beetroot juice, n = 10) and control (placebo, n = 10). The Bruce test was first done to assess VO2max without drinking beetroot juice. Then, the experimental group started consuming 200 mL of the juice two hours before each training session for six weeks. Finally, the second Bruce test was performed after six weeks of beetroot juice ingestion. Results: There was a significant increase in VO2max in the experimental and control groups from pretest to posttest (P < 0.001). In addition, the results of independent samples t-test showed there was a significant difference between the experimental and control groups in VO2max (P < 0.001, t = 12.39). Conclusions: The present study provides evidence that beetroot juice positively affects performance and increases the maximum volume of oxygen consumption in female soccer players. Therefore, we can propose this juice to female soccer players to improve


The present invention provides a method of using multi-chamber encapsulated cell therapy cartridge device, and these devices capable of delivering a biologically active molecule. In one aspect, two or more implantable cell culture device comprising a separate chamber is provided, each individual chamber, a) a therapeutically effective amount of one or more biologically active molecules a semipermeable membrane surrounding the core, and b) said core comprising, the semi-permeable membrane allows the diffusion through the semipermeable membrane of the biologically active molecules, including semi-permeable membrane.


This paper approaches the relationship between education and relative overpopulation. This concept, developed by Marx to explain the relationship between poverty and the capitalist accumulation, has not been explored in the Marxist educational analyses. The present work characterizes this category and exposes its present forms of manifestation, based on the three classical types of relative surplus population (latent, stagnant and floating), besides pauperism and lumpenproletariat. From the Brazilian case study, it examines how the school production and reproduction of an army of reserve laborers in capitalism is processed. Then, it considers some educational data to substantiate the class character in school access in basic and higher education in Brazil. To do so, it presents a critical analysis of school access in the country, based on different divisions (private and public school education, daytime and evening courses, etc.). In dialogue with liberal and critical reproductive theories, it proposes an interpretative model on the relationship between education and social classes. Finally, it brings some theoretical considerations on the relationship between formal education and the reproduction of spare overpopulation in Brazilian capitalism, and presents an interpretation about the relationship between the chronic manifestation of relative overpopulation in the social structure and the country's low educational indicators.


Abstract Diseases such as ALS and SMA often cause motor disabilities by progressive loss of muscle power. However, some patients must lie horizontally and thus cannot operate a wheelchair. The aim of this study was to develop a robotic stretcher for an SMA patient with severe motor disabilities to enable her to maneuver independently inside a building. In the concept of the stretcher, the user can drive the stretcher using an applicable operating device while watching a display feed from cameras mounted on the stretcher. We have developed some new devices with operating algorithm, mechanical frame and control system suitable to the user's limited abilities (motion in only one finger), and verified their functions by tests with prototype machine. In addition, we show some results of a risk assessment of the prototype machine.


We have developed an automated system for the design of laboratory experiments in molecular biology. The system uses a planning method known as skeletal plan refinement that attempts to emulate the human cognitive task of experiment design. This paper describes the theory, history, and implementation of the design system and illustrates its function in the domain of DNA cloning experiments.


One of the most potentially injurious phases of a redirectional collision with a longitudinal barrier often occurs during the vehicle's post-impact trajectory. Though a longitudinal barrier system may be well designed and crash test experience shown to be good, data presented in this paper suggest that occupants often suffer severe injury in a second collision after their vehicle has been successfully redirected from a longitudinal barrier. In this paper current NCHRP Report 230 guidelines for the postimpact trajectory of test vehicles are briefly discussed, data from two states--North Carolina and New York--are examined to determine increased risk associated with second collisions, and the risk of suffering fatal or severe injury in various types of redirectional collisions is quantified. The postimpact trajectory will be shown to be an important feature of redirectional collisions, and the increased risk to occupants associated with secondary collisions will be demonstrated.


Illinois presents a particularly favorable field for the study of soil formation, definition, and grouping. The character of the climatic environment in which the soils of Illinois were developed has been fundamentally similar throughout the state, yet soils in various stages of development occur. The weathering of several kinds of parent rock produced the present soil material. Five different glaciations are exposed, affording excellent opportunity to study weathering as affected by the time interval. The climatic conditions near the southern extremity of the state approach those of a warm, moist climate with mild winters and hot summers, while those of the northern part approach a cold climate with less rainfall and severe winters. A comprehensive discussion of the soils of the state would necessarily be lengthy, so this paper is limited to a discussion of the. ̄ soils occurring in a particular part of southern Illinois. (See Fig. ~.) This portion of the state lies mainly within an area bounded by the 38th and 39th degrees of latitude, and the 88th and 89th degrees of longitude. The topography of this area ~vas originally an unusually level and flat plain, lying from 450 to 600 feet above sea level, and broken in only a few places by low preglacial ridges and drift kno]ls. Drainage has dissected the southern half until the divides are comparatively narrow and the valleys broad, while in the northern half the divides remain broad and flat and the valleys narrow. The mean temperature in this area for the past 6o years has been 55°F; the average rainfall, 4~.5 inches; and the average growing season, i88 days. The ground is seldom frozen for more than six weeks through.out the year, so that the process of leaching has been almost continuous and the soil is locked up by frost only a few weeks each year. Forest vegetation, consisting chiefly of oak, hickory, elm, and ash, has followed the advance of drainage and overspread most of the upland in the southern half, but is confined to narrow belts along the drainage channels in the northern half leaving many broad, flat prairies. A fair growth of grasses covered the prairie region prior to the advent of man. The failure of a forest vegetation to cover this


3.1 Overview The improvements in hardware technology have resulted in low cost sensor nodes, which are composed of a single chip embedded with memory, a processor and a transceiver. These devices are multiprocessing sensors, which are capable of processing data and communicate in a wireless manner, within short distances, with each other. Low-power capacities lead to limited coverage and communication range for sensor nodes compared to other mobile devices. WSNs have met a huge growth and have significant future prospects of evolution, meeting applications from medical, environmental surveillance, robotics, military, smart vehicles and domestic areas. The main reasons for this growth are the high fault tolerance, fast deployment and self-organizing capabilities of WSNs, as well as their low cost and high density of deployment, which does not affect the functionality of the application when sensor nodes fail or are destroyed. Other business applications of WSNs include climate control in buildings and interactive games. Hence, for example, in target tracking and border surveillance applications, sensor networks must include a large number of nodes in order to cover the target area successfully. The primary objective in wireless sensor networks design is maximizing node/network lifetime, leaving the other performance metrics as secondary objectives. Since the communication of sensor nodes will be more energy consuming than their computation, it is a primary concern to minimize communication while achieving the desired network operation.


A mathematical model for computing the wave pattern within a harbor due to irregular (wind) waves is presented. It is based on the generalization of the Berkhofi's monochromatic model through a spectral modes representation. Combined diffiaction, reflection and refraction can be simulated. The details on model implementation, wave spectrum discretization and computational cost are described. An application of the proposed methodology to study harbor layont optimization is shown.


1. Introduction 2. Introducing the 'field': The ethnographic setting of the research 3. The formation of the Kadazan: Ethnic identities in pre-colonial, colonial and early post-colonial Sabah 4. The Dusunic peoples and Malaysian nation-building (1967 - present) 5. Self and other: Collective identities between citizenship rights and illegal immigration 6. Media and belonging to the nation 7. The constitution of village belonging through leisure sociality 8. A tale of two celebrations: The Pesta Kaamatan as a site of struggle between the Dusunic peoples and the state 9. Conclusion


Complementary DNA clones for complement receptor type 2 (CR2), the B-lymphocyte membrane protein that serves as the receptor for Epstein-Barr virus and the C3d complement fragment, were obtained by screening a Xgtll library generated from Raji B lymphoblastoid cell mRNA. A 4.2-kilobase (kb) clone, representing the entire coding sequence of the protein plus untranslated 5' and 3' nucleotide sequences was obtained and sequenced. The 4.2-kb clone, which contains all but about 500 base pairs (bp) of the 5' untranslated region of the fufl-length CR2 mRNA, consists of 63 bp of 5' untranslated nucleotide sequence followed successively by a start codon, a 20-amino acid hydrophobic signal peptide, 1005 amino acids having a repeating motif, a 28-amino acid probable transmembrane domain, and a 34-amino acid cytoplasmic tail. The deduced amino acid sequence of the protein indicates that the extracellular domain consists entirely of 16 tandemly arranged repeating elements, each 60-75 amino acids in length, which are identified by multiple conserved residues. This repeating motif also occurs in the C3b/C4b receptor, several complement proteins, and a number of noncomplement proteins. In CR2, the 16 repeats occur in four clusters of four repeats each. Approximately 10% of the deduced amino acid sequence, including the amino and carboxyl termini, was conflirmed by amino acid sequencing of tryptic peptides derived from purified CR2. The nucleotide and derived amino acid sequence of CR2 and related studies are presented here. A Mr 145,000 B-lymphocyte membrane glycoprotein, designated complement receptor type 2 (CR2), serves as the receptor for Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and the C3d and C3dg fragments of the third component of complement (1-5). An EBV viral envelope protein termed gp350/220 mediates the binding ofEBV to CR2 (6, 7). Gp350/220 and C3d, the natural ligands, exhibit two regions of primary sequence similarity, a finding that suggests that common domains in these two proteins mediates binding to CR2. In addition to its role in permitting EBV infection, CR2 has been implicated in triggering B-cell activation (7-11); consistent with this finding, CR2 has been found to be phosphorylated upon treatment of B cells with phorbol myristate or anti-Ig (12). Previous studies have shown that the mature Mr 145,000 CR2 molecule consists of a Mr 111,000 polypeptide chain and multiple N-linked oligosaccharides (13). A previous study (14) reported the isolation of a partial CR2 cDNA clone and indicated that CR2 is highly similar to CR1, the C3b/C4b receptor; however, relatively limited nucleotide and protein sequence information was presented in that publication. The genes encoding both CR1 and CR2 have been mapped to human chromosome 1, band q32 (15). To further define the structural and functional properties of CR2, cDNA clones encoding CR2 were isolated, and the complete amino acid sequence of the protein* was deduced. Sequence analysis of tryptic peptides derived from purified CR2 allowed verification of the amino and carboxyl termini of the receptor. MATERIALS AND METHODS CR2 Purification and Analysis. CR2 was isolated from detergent lysates of Raji B lymphoblastoid cells (provided by A. Theofilopoulos, Scripps Clinic, La Jolla, CA) by immunoaffinity chromatography as earlier published (3). Radiolabeled CR2 was subjected to complete trypsin digestion, and the resulting peptides were purified by reverse-phase HPLC as previously described (16). Amino acid sequence analysis was done on an Applied Biosystems (model 470A) gas-phase sequencer, or on a Beckman spinning-cup sequencer (model 890 M). Construction and Screening of the cDNA Library. A cDNA library was constructed in Xgtll (Stratagene, San Diego, CA) as previously described (17) using mRNA isolated from Raji B lymphoblastoid cells. Complementary DNA was synthesized with a commercially available synthesis kit (cDNA synthesis system, Amersham). Packaging of recombinant cDNA clones with phage coat proteins was done as recommended by the manufacturer (Gigapack, Stratagene). The library consisted of 2.5 x 106 recombinants. The cDNA library was initially probed with a 32P-kinase labeled 39-mer oligonucleotide probe (14). High-density screening was done by hybridization on replicative nitrocellulose filters as described (18, 19). Positive phage plaques were replated and screened at plaque densities decreasing by a factor of 10 until uniformly positive hybridization signals were obtained. Candidate CR2 cDNA clones were isolated from 85-mm plate lysates using affinity chromatography with anti-A phage antibody (LambdaSorb, Promega Biotec, Madison, WI). Insert sizes were determined by digestion with EcoRI followed by agarose gel electrophoresis. Large-scale preparation ofX phage was done as described (20). The purified phage were digested with EcoRI, and the cDNA inserts were isolated by preparative gel electrophoresis. Characterization and Sequencing of cDNA Clones. Nicktranslated (nick-translation kit, Bethesda Research LaboraAbbreviations: CR2, complement receptor type 2 (C3d receptor); CR1, complement receptor type 1 (C3b/C4b receptor); EBV, Epstein-Barr virus. *The sequence reported in this paper is being deposited in the EMBL/GenBank data base (Bolt, Beranek, and Newman Laboratories, Cambridge, MA, and Eur. Mol. Biol. Lab., Heidelberg) (accession no. J03565). 9194 The publication costs of this article were defrayed in part by page charge payment. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. §1734 solely to indicate this fact. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 84 (1987) 9195 tories) 32P-labeled cDNA inserts were used to probe RNA (21) or Southern blots as described (22). The isolated CR2 inserts were ligated into the EcoRI site of plasmid Bluescript (Stratagene) (23). Sequencing was done by the Sanger dideoxy chain-termination method (24) modified for double-stranded DNA as described by the manufacturer. Sequencing of the longer inserts was performed by the exonuclease III and mung bean nuclease method (25) modified for plasmid Bluescript. DIAGON software analysis (ref. 26; release 2.1) was done on the completed amino acid and nucleotide sequence of CR2. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Isolation and Characterization of XCR2 cDNA Clones. Approximately 5 x 105 recombinant A phage were screened with a CR2 oligonucleotide probe, and two clones, designated KAll and XF11, were identified. Both clones contained 1.2-kb inserts as indicated by digestion with EcoRI (Fig. 1A). The insert from XAll was isolated, nick-translated with 32p, and used to probe RNA blots derived from either T or B cells. As shown in Fig. 1A, the XAll insert hybridized to a single 4.7-kb mRNA species from the Raji B cell line but did not recognize mRNA from the human T-cell-derived HSB-2 cell line. These results are in agreement with the reported size of CR2 mRNA (5 kb) derived from tonsil B cells and with the absence of detectable CR2 RNA in the HSB-2 cell line (14). The CR2 cDNA insert from clone kAll was nick-translated and used to reprobe the Raji library. Two additional clones, designated XE41 and XL11, were isolated by hybridization screening. As shown in Fig. 1B, the Lii clone contained a A EcoRI digest


Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: None. Background Pulmonary vein (PV) isolation with circumferential ablation around ipsilateral PVs is the standard strategy for atrial fibrillation ablation. The electrical connection between the left atrium (LA) and the pulmonary veins (PV) is determined by the heterogeneous arrangement of myocardial fibers along the PV-LA junction. Purpose We sought to assess which regions of the standard ablation circumference are the main contributors to the venoatrial electrical connection. Methods Forty-one patients underwent a specific atrial fibrillation ablation protocol in which the anterior and posterior segments of the standard circumference were ablated first. If PV isolation was not achieved, ablation was extended superiorly or inferiorly, based on the earliest atrial activation recorded during pacing from the PV. Complete PV isolation and the length of the areas non-requiring ablation (ANRA) at the time of electrical isolation were evaluated. Results Ablation of the anterior and posterior segments of the standard circumference led to isolation of 77% left-PV pairs and 51% right-PV pairs (p=0,015). A superior extension was required in 23% left-PV pairs and in 46% right-PV pairs, while an inferior extension was required only in 10% left-PV pairs and in 11% right-PV pairs. PV isolation was achieved before completing the standard ablation circumference in 97% left-PV pairs and in 94% right-PV pairs, with an ANRA of 35.8±9.0mm in left PVs (16.1±5.2 mm superior and 19.7±5.6 mm inferior, p<0,01), and 35.5±9.5 mm in right PVs (15.2±5.7 mm superior and 20.9±5.3mm inferior, p<0,01). Conclusion The myocardial fibers along the anterior and posterior regions of the standard ablation circumference are the main contributors to the electrical connection between the LA and the PVs. Ablation of these regions results in PV isolation in the majority of patients.


Purpose: To compare the number of requested medical student evaluations with mean evaluation scores and final clerkship grades. Background: The University of Iowa Obstetrics & Gynecology (OBGYN) clerkship requires six evaluations for each student: two assigned and four requested by the student. Many students request more evaluations than required, contributing to a backlog that slows the grading


Mechatronic as well as electronic systems are very often heterogeneous. Simulating the dynamic system behavior with a single system simulator is in principle possible but requires a considerable modeling effort. To support this approach, generalized KIRCHHOFFian networks [1], [2], [3] could be applied very successfully. But from the engineer's point of view it is much more convenient to model directly the different subsystems in their original physical domain or on the most appropriate level of abstraction. To simulate the whole system different simulators (related to the subsystems) have to be coupled. In this way it is possible to simulate multi-physics systems, hybrid ( = continuous + discrete ) systems, and lumped-distributed systems. Sometimes, simulator coupling is the ultima ratio in simulating multi-domain problems.


Islet transplantation can be an important ther-apeutic option for adults with unstable type 1 diabetes-individuals who, despite their best efforts, have wide, unpredictable fluctuations in blood sugar levels or who are no longer able to sense that their blood sugar is dangerously low. For these people, transplantation may be a viable solution. Since the first report of successful pancreatic islet transplantation to reverse hyperglycaemia in diabetic rodents, there has been great interest in determining the optimal site for implantation. Although the portal vein remains the most frequently used site clinically, it is not ideal. About half of the islets introduced into the liver die during or shortly after transplantation. Complications associated with intraportal islet injection and the progressive functional decline of intrahepatic islets encourage the exploration of alternative sites. In tests in animals, scientists from the Diabetes Re-search Institute in Milan showed that bone marrow is a promising alternative site for islet transplantation. This review considers bone marrow as site of islet transplantation and metabolic, immunological and technical aspects are discussed.


Pervaporation of a water/alcohol mixture through a membrane which has ion-exchange capacity has been investigated. Theoretical equations are introduced which relate the degree of ionic dissociation of the polymer to quantities of water and alcohol dissolved in the polymer. From these equations, an equation for selective dissolution R is derived which does not contain an explicit term for ionic dissociation. Dissociation affects selective dissolution only by changing the degree of swelling of the polymer. Reformulating R asymptotically obtains a reciprocal relationship between permselectivity and permeability for a water-selective membrane. Experiments to check the validity of the relationship have been carried out using chitosan membranes neutralized by several acids. The effect of degree of neutralization also has been investigated. Results can be well understood on the supposition that ionic dissociation depends upon the water/alcohol composition, the kind of acid, and the degree of neutralization. Experimental results indicate that the reciprocal relationship is maintained over an appropriate range of feed compositions which confirm the validity of the theoretical equations for the swelling equilibrium of an ionic membrane. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.


Much valuable information on the fine structure of the nerve fibers has already been demonstrated by electron microscopic studies, which have remarkably extended our knowledge on this subject. Nevertheless, detailed observation of all kinds of nerve fibers enclosed in the peripheral nerve bundle has been severely restricted because electron microscopic examination is extremely time consuming and is subject to interference by many artefacts produced in the process of specimen preparation. There seems to exist several structural differences between the large myelinated nerve fiber and the small ones. The purpose of the present paper is to report observations on the fine structure of the small myelinated fiber in the frog's peripheral nerve in comparison with that of the large ones, made with the electron microscope and very thin sections.


Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) is one of the most promising quaternary absorber materials for thin‐film solar cells. Light to electricity conversion efficiencies in CZTS devices have recently reached 9.6%, making it a competitive and more sustainable replacement for existing CdTe and Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) thin‐film technologies. We review our recent insights into the structural, electronic and defect properties of this topical material. We have found that the stable crystal structure of CZTS is kesterite, which is derived from the ternary chalcopyrite structure. Examination of the thermodynamic stability of CZTS reveals that the stable chemical potential region for the formation of the stoichiometric compound is small. Under these conditions, the dominant defect will be p‐type CuZn antisite, which has an acceptor level deeper than the isolated Cu vacancy. The dominant self‐compensated defect pair is [CuZn+ZnCu], which leads to the formation of various polytype structures. We propose that to maximize the solar cell perfor...


Associated with a near-ring polynomial is the usual polynomial function obtained by substitution. Some rules and properties for this substitution are established and the question for which near-rings the only self-maps are polynomial functions is investigated.


The present invention relates to a robot drive system, there is provided a harmonic reduction gear having a torque sensing function, the bottom of the flexspline is provided with four symmetrical detector section, four strain gages four detection unit; movable conductive ring fixed to the output shaft the static conductive ring is fixed on the first housing, moving the conductive ring, each conductive ring is provided with a stationary four movable contact, four stationary contacts and four movable contact driven by the output shaft and four static electrically contacted, four wire strain gauges are bridge connected to the four movable contacts electrically; four stationary contacts electrically connected to the circuit board, the circuit board for providing power and signal acquisition and processing of the full bridge. Simple harmonic reducer structure of the present embodiment, the small size and light weight.


The study was conducted to determine the effect of storage of table eggs at room temperature (25 ±1˚C) on viability of some pathogenic bacteria. A total of 200 eggs were collected randomly from various shops in Lahore (Pakistan) and divided into two groups equally. One was stored at room temperature for ten days while other was processed on the same day. Enumeration and prevalence of bacteria in terms of colony forming units (CFUs) was worked out following serial dilutions. Mean of bacterial count was obtained as 298 × 104 CFUs/ml of original suspension at zero time on day 1, which diminished to 116 × 104 CFUs/ml at day 10. Most of the samples (91%) were densely populated with Shigella (139 CFUs × 104 /ml of original suspension), and least (61%) with Klebsiella (43 CFUs × 104ml of original suspension), sandwiching (76%) with E.coli (98 CFUs × 104/ml of original suspension). Number of samples scoring each category of the bacterial contamination as well as the CFUs levels dropped significantly (P<0.05) to 61% on day 10 suggesting the positive impact of room temperature storage on the surface hygiene of eggs.


Zinc, manganese, and iron were shown to be essential for good growth of Helminthosporium sativum, whereas copper, cobalt, molybdenum, boron, and calcium apparently were not required. One milligram ...


UNLABELLED
Fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FB) is being applied increasingly in pediatrics as a therapeutic and diagnostic technique.

OBJECTIVE
To analyze the contribution of FB to the diagnosis and treatment of respiratory disease in patients admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU).

PATIENTS AND METHOD
We reviewed FB performed with 3.5 and 2.2 mm external diameter instruments between January 1989 and October 1998 in patients admitted to the PICU. Underlying disease and purpose of and indications for FB were analyzed. We also analyzed route of insertion, findings of airway inspection and bronco-alveolar lavage (BAL), complications and the contribution of FB to patient management.

RESULTS
A total of 51 procedures in 47 patients aged between ten days and 12 years old were performed. Twenty-one children (41%) were under one year old. The initial indications for FB were diagnostic in 73% and therapeutic in 27%. Airway inspection showed abnormality in 65%. BAL was performed in 18 cases, with microbiological findings in 8 of the 18. The patients benefited directly from the technique in 75% of cases.

CONCLUSIONS
FB is useful diagnostic and therapeutic procedure in PICU patients and is generally well tolerated.


It has been reported that the expression level of BNIP‐3 mRNA increases by antidepressants and Hochu‐ekki‐To (HET), suggesting that BNIP‐3 may be a candidate depression‐related factor. Therefore, in order to examine the relationship between BNIP‐3 and Qi, the expression levels of BNIP‐3 mRNA were examined using 22 newly extracted crude drugs which were selected from the previous library results on 120 crude drugs in the neuronal cell line N18TG‐2 and in the glial cell line C6Bu‐1.