Background Tissue covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) can reflect the activity of HBV replication. However, it is impractical to assess intrahepatic cccDNA in every outpatient. Serum pregenome RNA (pgRNA) is transcribed from intrahepatic cccDNA and may reflect the activity of intrahepatic cccDNA. We explored the dynamics and the potential role of serum pgRNA in patients receiving long-term NAs treatment. Methods Serum pgRNA, HBV DNA, HBsAg, HBeAg, and ALT levels were quantified, and the relationships between serum pgRNA and these common clinical indicators before and after the treatment were investigated. Results Serum pgRNA showed dynamic change during the 96-month NAs therapy, and serum pgRNA levels were positive and detectable in 19 patients with undetectable serum HBV DNA. Serum pgRNA showed strong and positive correlation with serum HBV DNA (r = 0.693, p < 0.001) and serum HBsAg levels (r = 0.621, p < 0.001) at baseline. Patients with HBeAg seroconversion had lower baseline serum pgRNA levels (p = 0.002). The area under the curve (AUC) of baseline serum pgRNA for predicting HBeAg seroconversion was 0.742 (95% CI: 0.606–0.850) with 63.16% sensitivity and 80.56% specificity. The cumulative HBeAg seroconversion rate was higher in patients with low serum pgRNA (p = 0.001). Conclusion Serum pgRNA of low level at baseline or great decline at month 6 may independently predict the high incidence of undetectable serum pgRNA at year 4 following NAs therapy, and the baseline serum pgRNA may serve as a novel predictor for HBeAg seroconversion during NAs therapy.


Background: Human rhinoviruses (HRV) are now considered major respiratory pathogens. We sought to determine whether HRV are a cause of wheezing and/or hospitalization in children <2 years old. Methods: A polymerase chain reaction assay was used to screen for HRV infection in 4 categories of children <2 years old: (1) with symptoms of respiratory tract disease without wheezing; (2) with wheezing with or without other symptoms; (3) who were asymptomatic and; (4) who had a respiratory specimen submitted to a diagnostic laboratory. All specimens were collected between January and December 2004. Phylogenetic analyses were performed on most HRV isolates. Results: Twenty-eight (17%) of 165 children with symptoms of respiratory infection without wheezing; 21 (26.3%) of 80 children with wheezing; 3 (3%) of 93 asymptomatic children; and 47 (23.3%) of 202 children with specimens submitted to the diagnostic laboratory tested positive for HRV. The difference between the rates of infection in the asymptomatic group and in each of the 3 other categories was statistically significant (P ≤ 0.01). Among HRV-positive children with samples submitted to the diagnostic laboratory, 55% were hospitalized, which was similar to that observed for respiratory syncytial virus (52.7%) among children of a similar age group and time period (P = 0.85). Diverse groups of HRV were circulating during the 1-year study period. Conclusions: HRV are important pathogens among children <2 years old and are responsible for a significant proportion of wheezing this age group. The hospitalization rates of HRV-positive children seem to be similar to that of respiratory syncytial virus.


Over the past 30 years, researchers have devoted significant attention to understanding impression management in organizations. In this article, we review key questions that have been addressed in this area regarding definitions of impression management; types of impression management; impression management motivation; the effectiveness of ingratiation, self-promotion, and other tactics of impression management; personal factors associated with successful impression management; gender and impression management; cross-cultural implications of impression management; and the measurement of impression management. In doing so, we identify major themes and findings and highlight critical issues and unanswered questions. After reviewing these topics, we also discuss some practical implications for individuals and organizations. Finally, we conclude by outlining some broader avenues for inquiry that would help move this literature forward.


In mixed fisheries where multiple species are caught, to manage resources sustainably, knowledge about the species-specific vulnerability to fishing is equally or even more important than knowledge...


It becomes more concerned that the cell adhesion molecule plays an important role in the process of malignant transformation and tumor behaviors including invasive growth and metastasis. It is postulated if the expression of adhesion molecule is reduced in tumor tissue, the tumor cell will be undifferentiated and lose their cell adhesion ability and polarity. So the tumor cells lost the adhesion of cell to cell and to basement membrane that they became more aggressive. Reduced cadherin expression enhances invasiveness through infiltrative growth and metastasis of tumor cells is well known and mostly accepted in many epithelia tumors. We explored the expression of E-cadherin by immunohistochemical staining in 50 oral squamous cell carcinomas and investigated the correlation between the expression of E-cadherin and clinicopathologic parameters and prognosis. The expression of E-cadherin was reduced in 40/50(80%) of primary tumors, and 21/22(95.5%) of lymph nodes. The reduced expression of the E-cadherin was associated with lymph node metastasis(P=0.029), invasive mode(P=0.030) and marginal status(P=0.038). Survival analysis showed that predictive period of E-cadherin reduced group(37 months) was lower than that of E-cadherin preserved group(60 months), but there was no statistical significant difference.


Knowledge embeddings are key ingredients of advanced question-answering and recommender systems. Even though their predictions are accurate, they are rather hard to interpret by human users; interpretability techniques are needed so as to provide meaningful human-friendly explanations for prediction generated by embeddings. We propose a novel model-agnostic method inspired by local surrogate approaches that generates faithful explanations for knowledge embedding predictions.


Abstract. Forecasting the performance of aero-engine is a crucial problem that facilitates the avoiding unnecessary delays of aircraft. By applying the Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average Model to aero-engine gas path system, we find that the ARIMA method is suitable for forecast Exhaust Gas Temperature fluctuation series. Further, we find the trend of predicted values and original values are similar and the error between them is small.


This paper uses a novel set of functions to model the relay selection process in a scenario of cooperative wireless communications. We define a utility function that reflects the behavior and influence that a selected relay may have on the quality of the link to be established for the forwarding of data. The utility function takes into account also the strategies of other players. To this end, we define a relay selection game and a supporting Nash Equilibrium (NE) algorithm for the choice of a relay during communication. The successful selection of a relay is evaluated by simulations in terms of Influence and Behavior to assess the effect on the system performance.


An investigation was performed to measure the arc temperature and arc shape in a SF6 circuit breaker (CB) during large current interruption. Experiments were conducted with a 126-kV SF6 CB. To measure the arc shape and the spatial distribution of the arc temperature effectively, the nozzle was replaced with a transparent organic glass material made from a polytetrafluoroethylene material. The arc shape variation was captured by a high-speed camera, and optical filters were installed on the camera in the case of overexposure. The arc temperature measurement was performed by obtaining the spectral line intensities of Cu I 510.5, Cu I 515.3, and Cu I 521.8 nm through a spectrograph, and the temperature was calculated by the two-line method. Measurements were performed during the entire operating process. The variations in the arc temperature with operating time were obtained. The established method was effective for measuring variations in the arc shape and temperature throughout the entire operating process.


Objective: To explore the scope of the published research studies on mHealth digital application interventions for youths with addictive behaviors, considering both the development and evaluation aspects. The main goal was to identify the concepts and theories underlying such applied technologies, detect any gaps, and provide recommendations. A secondary goal was to identify the components of mHealth digital application interventions that led to cognitive, emotional, and behavioral change among youths with addictive behaviors by drawing on Beck's cognitive model and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT).

Materials and Methods: A scoping review was done based on York's five-stage framework outlined by Arksey and O'Malley. Four leading databases were searched, PubMed, Science Direct, Web of Science, and Google Scholar.

Results: There were 16 mHealth digital application interventions being developed to help youth overcome addiction issues. Most of the existing techniques involve dealing with youth's stimuli, emotions, addictive behaviors, and physiology or physical reactions. These were the components of cross-sectional Beck's cognitive model and CBT. In addition, most of the cognitive skill components were focused on managing reflective thoughts such as planning to stop addictive behaviors, intention to stop, encouraging more of creating positive thinking, or benefits of stop doing addictive behavior. No application component focused on identifying any implicit thought influenced of specific memories on addiction outcome expectancies such as the substance or self-intermediate belief, substance or self-core belief contained in Beck's longitudinal cognitive model.

Conclusion: Findings from the present scoping review suggest new routes for working with implicit thoughts. Some opportunities exist here for the development of CBT mHealth applications to raise awareness in youth concerning the implicit substance or self-concept appearing in Beck's longitudinal cognitive model.

Keywords: mHealth applications; CBT; Cognitive model; Beckian; Youth; Addictive behaviour; Substance


A charge / discharge system, a deterioration diagnosis method, and a capacity difference calculation method of the storage element provided in the present invention are a technique of managing a plurality of secondary batteries connected in series. The BMS (20) includes a voltage meter (24) for individually measuring a voltage value V of a plurality of secondary batteries (50) connected in series, a time varying rate of the voltage value V from any one of the secondary batteries (50) for counting the time difference between the reference value K and the time value of the voltage value V of the other secondary battery (50) reaches the reference value K. The BMS (20) detects the time between the time point at which the time rate of change of the voltage of any one of the storage elements reaches the reference value and the time point at which the voltage of the secondary battery (50) reaches the voltage for terminating the charge and discharge (50).


Infectious bursal disease(IBD) is an acute,highly contagious and immunosuppressive disease caused by Infectious bursal disease virus(IBDV) which mainly infects chicks or young turkeys.At present,the IBD was tightly checked due to the application of the state of art,advanced molecular biological techniques in this field.But the immunosuppression initiated by IBDV leads the viral hosts to become increasing susceptible to other pathogens,and reduces the growth rate of the survived infected animals,which is still be pinpointed by many expert in veterinary sciences.In this article,the up-to-dated situation in understanding of the IBDV's genome structure,proteins and the molecular basis of IBDV's pathogenesis are briefly reviewed.


The article is dedicated to the discussion about to guidelines for the treatment of hypothyroidism prepared by the American thyroid association task force on thyroid hormone replacement.


In the fulfillment of the EFL learners duties, writing using good and proper English is a must as a student of English study program. The growth of technology influences the existence of the translation tool application which is considered effective and greatly helps students to be effortless and to reduce time-consuming in writing English text. The objectives of this study are to examine the tendency of how often the translation tool application was used by EFL learners, the motive behind it was used, and what are the impacts of using translation tool application in their academic life. This study used qualitative research in which the methods of data collections were observation, interview, and questionnaire. Participants in this study were students majoring English department (Education and Literature). The results show that 46.7% of the participants are constantly the translation tool application user. However, it triggers some consequences not only positive but also negative impacts on the EFL learners.


Saccharomyces cerevisae is one of the most widely-used microbial species.Its ethanol tolerance performance and the corresponding mechanism has always been the research focus among researchers.The latest research direction and research progress in ethanol tolerance of S.cerevisae were illustrated in this paper and the main contents covered the evaluation of ethanol tolerance and the relations of ethanol tolerance and cell membrane,protein and fucose etc.


A class of zwitterionic organocatalysts based on an amide anion/iminium cation charge pair has been developed. The zwitterions are easily prepared by reacting aziridines with aminopyridines. They are catalytically applicable to transesterifications and dehydrative esterifications. Mechanistic studies reveal that the amide anion and iminium cation work synergistically in activating the reaction partners, with the iminium cationic moiety interacting with the carbonyl substrates through nonclassical hydrogen bonding. The reaction can be applied to large-scale synthesis of biodiesel under mild conditions.


The electricity storage module (100) related to the present invention is created by laminating multiple storage cells (10) having electrode terminals (16) together. The electricity storage module (100) comprises a bus bar (40) for electrically connecting the multiple electrode terminals (16), conductive members (50) that are fixed to the bus bar (40), a detection unit for detecting the voltages of the multiple storage cells (10), wiring sections that are electrically connected to the detection unit, and circuit boards (60) on which pad sections connected to the wiring sections are formed. The conductive members (50) are brought into contact with the pad sections.


Zhejiang province is the most abundant in mulberry germplasm, which have been contributing to the development of sericulture in China based on dealing with mulberry spaces, mulberry germplasm resources and their utilization and new variety breeding in Zhejiang provice.


A halogen-free low-water cut-clean flux by the organic acid activator, a wetting agent, a fatty acid ester, an alcohol, an ether co-solvent and deionized water. The present invention is halogen-free low-water cut-clean flux design scientific, reasonable formulation, has the following advantages: a halogen-free, good weldability, low residue after soldering without cleaning, high insulation resistance, deionized water as solvent , substantially VOC-free material, flux is environmentally friendly and nonflammable.


A simple and safe shaftless support hydraulic system with overload protection comprises a motor, a high-pressure pump and an oil tank, wherein a filter gauze is arranged between the oil tank and the high-pressure pump; the high-pressure pump is connected with a master one-way valve which is connected with an overflow valve, a master pressure reducing valve, a lifting three-position four-way electromagnetic directional valve and a pressure gauge; the lifting three-position four-way electromagnetic directional valve is connected with a lifting hydraulic control one-way valve which is connected with a lifting pressure reducing valve; the lifting pressure reducing valve is connected with a lifting throttle valve which is connected with a lifting oil cylinder; the master pressure reducing valve is connected with the pressure gauge and a clamping three-position four-way electromagnetic directional valve which is connected with a clamping hydraulic control one-way valve; the clamping hydraulic control one-way valve is connected with two two-position four-way electromagnetic directional valves and a clamping oil cylinder with the valves connected with the clamping oil cylinder; moreover, the two two-position four-way electromagnetic directional valves are connected with each other through a clamping throttle valve.


Parameters relating to transport of oxygen were measured in the pericardial blood and venous outflow from the first walking leg of Gecarcinus lateralis . O2-equilibrium curves of the hemocyanin of G. lateralis were found to be sigmoid and, at 27°C and pH 7.45, to have a half-saturation pressure of about 17 mm Hg oxygen. Average partial pressures of oxygen as measured by O2-electrode were 32 mm Hg in pericardial blood and 9 mm Hg in the venous samples. Analysis of the O2-content in corresponding samples by the Van Slyke technique revealed an average of 2.17 volumes % O2-capacity for whole blood, 1.45 volumes % for pericardial blood, and 0.61 volumes % for venous blood. Estimates based on the Van Slyke analyses indicated an average pO2 of 29 and 14 mm Hg in pericardial and venous samples, respectively. These figures agree fairly well with those obtained by means of O2-electrodes. Of the oxygen carried to the tissues, about 94% is carried as oxyhemocyanin and about 6% is carried in physical solution. As the blood passes through the gills, the hemocyanin, on an average, becomes 80–85% saturated with oxygen and returned from the tissues 18–45% saturated with oxygen. These results indicate that the blood of G. lateralis has a higher O2-capacity than the blood of most other decapod crustaceans for which similar information is available. In addition, the blood of G. lateralis transports more oxygen to the tissues per unit volume than do other crustacean bloods.


Magnetoresistive Random Access Memory (MRAM) is a non-volatile memory device. The unique cell structure of a MRAM device opens an era of a smaller memory chip size at a given technology node, compared to other RAM devices, by enabling higher densities at a lower cost [1~3]. Among several MRAM memory cells, a spin-transfer torque MRAM (STT-MRAM) has the potential to become a leading storage technology as a high-performance memory. In terms of scaling at the 1x nm nodes, STT-MRAM potentially challenges dynamic-RAM (DRAM) and static-RAM (SRAM); and for IoT and mobile applications, MRAM is replacing embedded NOR flash memory. In a STT-MRAM device, to flip the spin of the electrons in one of the ferromagnetic layer by transferring the angular momentum, a spin-polarized current is applied through a vertical stack of ultrathin films, which consists of two ferromagnets separated by oxide layer(s), known as Magnetic Tunnel Junction (MTJ). Subsequently, a smaller applied current can be used to sense either low or high resistance depending on the parallel or antiparallel orientation of the two ferromagnetic layers, and this precisely serves as memory in terms of either low resistance state ("ON") or high resistance state ("OFF") [1-3]. In particular, a perpendicular MTJ (pMTJ) with high reliability at high temperatures, in which the magnetic moments are perpendicular to the plane of the layers is more scalable compared to an in-plane MTJ (iMTJ). Therefore, pMTJ STT-MRAM is a more promising technology to replace DRAM and other memory technologies than other types of memories. The core of a MTJ stack is composed of MgO and ferromagnetic (CoFeB) layers, with various thickness of few atomic layers, stacking sequence, and boron concentrations, pertinent to the needs of structural integrity, yield enhancement, and device performance, for each particular technology node during a high-volume manufacturing (HVM). Engineering to tailor desired geometry, layer thickness and atomic-alignment from film to film to ensure the effectiveness of free layer (FL) versus the stability of the fixed layer are vital to the performance of these pMTJ device. Thus, to ensure the device performance, analyses from physical failure analysis (PFA) are critical to identify process induced variations within MTJ stack as feedbacks to tweak process conditions for device performance optimization. Here, we discuss some of the challenges and solutions for effective characterizations using analytical transmission electron microscopy (Analytical TEM).


The NHS could reduce its energy consumption by 15 per cent through energy efficiency measures, the Audit Commission said last week.


This article investigates Sibylline Oracle 3.63 which states that Beliar will come ἐκ Σεβαστηνῶν, "from the Sebastenoi." Scholars have understood the verse as meaning that Beliar will be either a Roman imperial figure or a Samaritan false prophet. Pointing out the serious shortcomings of these hypotheses, the article argues that the Sibylline Beliar should be seen as originating in Asia, most probably in Phrygia or northern Galatia. The relevant numismatic and epigraphic evidence is explored along with references to those regions across the Sibylline Oracles. New interpretative possibilities generated by the proposal are also presented along with the suggestion that Sib. Or. 3.63–74 should be dated sometime between mid-first and mid-third century C.E. and provenanced to central Asia Minor.


Objective To evaluate the radionuclide bone imaging in the evaluation of the effect of endocrinotherapy on prostate cancer with bone metastasis.Methods 36 cases of prostate cancer with bone metastasis were measured with radionuclide bone imaging before and after endocrinotherapy.The PSA tests were taken at the same time as control.Imaging findings were measured and analyzed.Results There were 3 types of bone metastasis changes according to different reactions to the endocrinotherapy: decreased or disappeared;Stable;augmented.Each change was matched to the PSA change.Conclusions Radionuclide bone imaging can monitor the change of bone metastasis directly and easily.And it has the same importance as PSA in the evaluation of the effect of endcrinotherapy in prostate cancer with bone metastasis.


Space station assembly was demonstrated, albeit on a smaller scale, on STS-74. This experience provided confidence in the ISS Flight 2A assembly method, in which Node 1 will be attached to the Orbiter Docking System (ODS) via SRMS-assisted (Shuttle Remote Manipulator System) docking; then the FGB will be attached to Node 1 in a similar fashion. For the Space Shuttle STS-74 mission, a means of attaching the passive Docking Module (DM) to the ODS was required. The SRMS was used to position and hold the DM above the ODS, while the downfiring Reaction Control System (RCS) thrusters were used to effect the docking. This type of operation had never been attempted with the SRMS before, so a comprehensive dynamic analysis of this operation was performed. A non real-time flex dynamics simulation program was developed to provide the capture statistics, structural loads, and dynamics for this operation. An automated Monte-Carlo approach was used to cover the envelope of expected initial docking conditions. The study showed that the STS-74 DM could be reliably installed on the ODS via SRMS-assisted docking and that the resulting structural loads were acceptable. Post-flight comparisons of the simulation vs. flight data showed that the simulation provided an accurate representation of the system. Foreword In order to save the expense of building new hardware, the Shuttle Remote Manipulator System (SRMS) was relied upon to dock passive payloads to the Space Shuttle Orbiter. This approach violated many assumptions about how the SRMS should be used. Because of the technical risk involved, a new analytical capability had to be built in a short time to assess the feasibility of this operation. Commercially-available software tools were utilized to build this initial capability. While workable procedures and feasibility were being established, a robust analysis capability using optimized tools and an automated probabilistic approach was developed. As a result, the feasibility analysis required for early decisions was available in time to meet the flight schedule. Engineering and Mission Operations personnel worked as a team, each bringing their specialized skills and knowledge together to solve a unique problem. Because of this approach, verification of the tool and the final analysis, including contingency scenarios, were completed in time to support the flight.


THE content of the mind of a child of three years is apt to be a mass of heterogeneous images behind an " I want" column of indefinite length. This "I want" soon develops into "I want to know"'or "Why?" and then the problems of the teacher as well as parent begin. How much to answer and how much may be left to be found out by the child himself; how one may best make of himself an appendix merely for reference after the young knowledge seeker has exhausted his resources; and how to know what are "the best conditions for his growth "are the questions open to us. Occasionally one or more of these questions is answered in individual cases, but they are always open questions, and the answers need constant revision. True comradeship with children, constantly studying them as a companion in their many vagaries and from all sides, seems to be one of the best ways to understand and help them. The temptation in our present education seems to be to overstimulate them, and try to propose the question a mature mind naturally asks instead of waiting for the problem to formulate itself into a question in their minds; to overstimulate an already intensely active body and to force a moral condition that the teacher himself is only just beginning to comprehend. At this keenly intellectual period little or no stimulation is required, and the teacher or parent need only direct. Questions come only too fast as all know who have been much with little children.


Immunology
Numerous DNA sensors exist in cells to detect viral and microbial infection, as well as nonphysiological cytosolic DNA. These detection systems activate immune signaling pathways to respond to infection, but why are so many DNA sensors needed? In a Perspective, Emming and Schroder propose that DNA sensors, including a newly identified nuclear sensor, function in a tiered system that can adjust the cellular response according to the amount of detected intracellular DNA. Cellular and immune responses can therefore be scaled, from low-level inflammation to immunogenic cell death, according to the threat posed by an infection.

Science , this issue p. [1375][1]

 [1]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.aay2701


This research was conducted to analyze are differences in conventional banks quarter II before and during the pandemi COVID-19 based on the total asset turnover ratio, NPM ratio, LDR ratio, and ROE ratio. This research uses descriptive quantitative methods by a comparative approach, because the data used was numbers and analyzed using statistic. This research is of a comparing two or more of the properties and objects that are scruntinized in a particular framework of thought. This research uses the quarterly II 2019-2021 finance report data. The research population was taken from a registered private bank in OJK (Otoritas Jasa Keuangan). Statistical methods used are descriptive and paired t-test. This research shows that (1) total asset turnover have no difference fiinancial performance before and during pandemi COVID-19. (2) NPM have difference financial performance before and during pandemi COVID-19. (3) LDR have no difference financial performance before and during pandemi COVID-19. (4) ROE have difference financial performance before and during pandemi COVID-19


Objective: Reactive balance training is an emerging approach to reduce falls risk in people with balance impairments. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of reactive balance training on falls in daily life among individuals at increased risk of falls, and to document associated adverse events. Data sources: Databases searched were Ovid MEDLINE (1946-November 2020), Embase Classic and Embase (1947-November 2020), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (2014-November 2020), Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro; searched on 9 November 2020). Study selection: Randomized controlled trials of reactive balance training were included. The literature search was limited to English language. Records were screened by two investigators separately. Data extraction: Outcome measures were number of participants who reported falls after training, number of falls reported after training, and the nature, frequency, and severity of adverse events. Authors of included studies were contacted to obtain additional information. Data synthesis: Twenty-five trials were included, of which 14 reported falls and 19 monitored adverse events. Participants assigned to reactive balance training groups were less likely to fall compared to control groups (fall risk ratio: 0.75, 95% confidence interval=[0.60, 0.92]; p=0.006, I2=37%) and reported fewer falls than control groups (rate ratio: 0.60, 95% confidence interval=[0.42, 0.86]; p=0.005, I2=83%). Prevalence of adverse events was higher in reactive balance training (29%) compared to control groups (19%; p=0.018). Conclusion: RBT reduces the likelihood of falls in daily life for older adults and people with balance impairments. More adverse events were reported for reactive balance training than control groups. Impact: Balance training that evokes balance reactions can reduce falls among people at increased risk of falls.


This paper presents a hardware design of an ultrasound imaging system for transmitting pulses and acquiring echo signals to/from individual elements of an array transducer. Since most of the ultrasound imaging systems in the market provide only image files after reconstruction, the presented hardware can be controlled by a computer in order to transmit pulses in specific patterns to transducer elements and in order to access the data from individual transducer elements. It benefits the research and development of new algorithms for beamforming, image reconstruction, and other applications, such as elastography and ultrasonic transmission tomography.


In order to support the use of economics in environmental management, revealed preference studies continue to advance the measurement of environmental values. Together with integrated assessment models, these values are ever more useful for environmental management. This article briefly reviews revealed preference methods, which infer values from observed behavior. A new emphasis in this literature has been to exploit the intertemporal properties of panel data to value the environment. These panel methods have great potential, but the literature needs to develop theoretical and empirical best practices. The article also examines the latest empirical results across several environmental issues: climate change, pollution, and conservation. Valuation methods continue to be applied to additional issues and locations. Looking toward the future, technical change and economic growth suggest that additional pollutants and global-scale effects will emerge. Valuation methods need to keep pace with these new developments to be able to address the key environmental management challenges of the future.


Objective:To explore the clinical effect of soft channel minimally invasive technology operation in treating hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage.Method:19 patents with soft channel minimally invasive technology operation in our hospital from April 2013 to July 2014 were chosen as the observation group,and at the same time 19 cases with craniotomy operation were chosen as the control group.The clinical effects of the two groups were compared and analyzed.Result:Compared with the control group,the observation group had obvious advantages on the treatment efficiency,at the same time,the total efficiency after 7 days of the observation group(84.2%) was significantly higher than that of the control group(63.2%),the total efficiency after 3 months of the observation group(94.7%) was significantly higher than that of the control group(73.7%),and the obvious differences had statistical significance(P0.05).The nerve function defect degree and the incidence of complications of the two groups were statistically significant(P0.05).Conclusion:The soft channel minimally invasive technology operation has obvious effects on treating hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage,and it is worthy of applications in clinic with the advantages of less nerve nerve function damage and lower incidence of disease.


Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and nature of psychiatric morbidity among sentenced male prisoners in Dubai, United Arab Emirates (UAE). Sociodemographic data were collected from 142 UAE national prisoners. All were interviewed by a psychiatrist who administered the CIS and the CAGE questionnaires, documented self-reported substance misuse, previous seizures and deliberate self-harm and, finally, made a clinical ICD-10 diagnosis when appropriate. A psychiatric diagnosis was made in 25% of the sample, problematic drinking was identified in 28% and drug and volatile substance misuse in 63%. Evidence for both problematic drinking and history of drug withdrawal phenomena was demonstrated in 16% of the sample. Previous seizures were reported by 13% and self-harm by 32%. These results are suggestive of higher rates of substance misuse compared to other relevant studies. Among other explanations, this is most likely related to the strict rules prohibiting such substances: their u...


Objective:To study the bone formation ability of the bone defect with compound xenogenic inorganic bone and auto marrow.Methods: A 1 5 cm bone defect model was established in each side of the radius of rabbit.It was randomly divided into the compound of xenogenic inorganic bone and auto marrow group, autogenous bone group, and nothing as control group. Observe the results with histologic technique and X ray examination. Results:It still was in low bone conduct process to the transplant group of xenogenic inorganic 12 weeks later, which around bone trabecula was in crawling and replacing to the inorganic bone. There were much fiber tissues in xenogenic inorganic bone and a little newly formed bone found only in central area. The compound bone, however, of xenogenic inorganic bone and auto marrow had forming new bone 2 weeks later, absorption and replacing finished after 8 weeks, marrow cavity and remoulding formed aftter 12 weeks.It was equally to the mixed vilocity of the autogenous bone transplation. Conclusion: The bone formation ability of the compound of xenogenic inorganic bone and auto marrow is much better than that of xenogenic inorganic bone and similar to autogenous bone.defectmodel was e


Part 1 Acknowledgements Part 2 Preface Chapter 3 Introduction Part 4 Clinical Examples Chapter 5 Psychoanalytic Controversies Contextualized: A Model of Clinical Disputes Chapter 6 Comparative Psychoanalysis: What Should We Compare? Chapter 7 Memory Recovery as Viewed in One-Person Compared with Two-Person Theoretical Models Chapter 8 Free Associations: Which Ones Count? Part 9 Associations, Contextualization and Hermeneutics Chapter 10 Another Kind of Incompleteness: Associations and Interpretation Chapter 11 Contextualizing Criteria Chapter 12 Contextualization and Hermeneutics


Due to considerable noise in the industrial environments, wireless packet transmission is usually unreliable. Designing an efficient routing algorithm for these environments poses significant challenges. Current routing algorithms consider the quality of service parameters such as node energies and delay, but packet losses need a novel strategy to compensate for the decline in signal to noise ratio SNR in noisy industrial environments. The proposed routing algorithm is based on multi-hop neighbour information. The multi-hop neighbour nodes provide vital information for the source node, enabling it to select the proper relay node. In noisy channel conditions the transmitted packets should meet the deadline and be delivered to the sink node on time. Performance evaluation via simulations indicates significant improvement in reliability, lifetime of network, and real-time performance. The proposed algorithm is more robust than previous methods. The most beneficial features of the proposed algorithm are its uniform distribution of energy among nodes and deliverance of deadline packets with the lowest losses.


The invention provides a litchi tree grafting method which comprises the following steps of scion and seedling tree stock selecting, sapling seedling stock grafting pre-managing, grafting, applying a grafting method and grafting post-managing. A seedling litchi sapling tree has an arbor root and has a developed root, and the survival rate of grafting is guaranteed. The seedling litchi sapling tree and a superior litchi tree belong to the same family, a scion and a stock are strong in compatibility, the successful rate of grafting is greatly improved, and the growing speed of grafting seedlings after grafting is accelerated; the seedling litchi sapling tree has a strong drought and low temperature resistant ability, the survival rate of grafting can be guaranteed under a dry and low temperature condition, so that the litchi sapling tree after grafting can blossom and yield fruits within three years and has the abilities of passing the winter in an exposing mode and easy survival transplanting. The inferior litchi sapling tree grafting method is simple, convenient and high in survival rate, the coverage of high quality litchi trees is improved, and the popularization of good quality litchi trees are realized.


Objective After the implantation,coronary stent is expected at least to keep its integrity and maintain the predicated function for over 10 years or 4e8 cycles under the pulsatile loading conditions,so the fatigue property of the stent should be evaluated.Method The finite method was used to analyze the stress distribution of different phases and evaluate the fatigue life according to Goodman criteria,meanwhile,the accelerated fatigue experiment was also performed.Results It can be concluded that the dangerous points are all but located in the lateral inner surface of stent curvature.Conclusions The results prove that the fatigue property can be simulated through the finite element analysis,which can provide the theoretical guidance for the stent design.


Proverbs about women in the human heritage in general and the Arab heritage in particular are considered of a special characteristics and remarkable in their being dynamic ones that move in all directions of life. Most of them carry the essence of the social issues and are distributed in such a way that they have become part of the private life of the general public. This distribution covers all periods and fields of the woman's life, the social, the economic and psychological ones. The woman occupies a major space in the Popular Proverbs because she is the center of social life inside and outside the house. The woman's statuses and images in the provers are numerous and she is often described in parallel images but each one differs from the other. These images intertwine due to their varieties and multiplicity and ultimately, they constitute a general stereotypical image of the woman, which degrades her status as a woman, a mother and a wife. The study shows how Popular Proverbs in Arabic reflect the Arab woman's position and status in her society.


Classification of MEG brain signals has been used in the past to drive brain-computer interfaces with healthy subjects. We present a multi-class study with offline results. We investigate which combinations of classes are suitable for classification and show that this result is subject-specific, although a general trend to particular combinations of patterns exists. For the current set of offline results, information transfer rate increases in eight of ten subjects going from 2-class to 3-class communication.


Abstract : During the period of 5 April 2001 - 16 May 2001, topographic surveys of Del Monte beach in Monterey, California, were performed on a regular basis to record changes in beach cusp development for comparison to wave data being collected by the Oceanography Department of the Naval Postgraduate School. The surveys were conducted with a Real Time Kinematic Global Positioning System (RTK-GPS) secured to an all-terrain vehicle (ATV). The surveys were performed by driving the ATV on longshore transects of the beach to measure the vertical variation. From these surveys, the size and shape of the cusps were determined for each survey, and cusp variations between surveys were compared to the changes in wave conditions. Cusp spacing was determined through spectral analysis of the survey data, which produced peaks at the primary longshore wave numbers of the surf zone and swash cusps. The field data were then compared to current theory regarding beach cusp formation and maintenance in an attempt to determine the causative, maintenance, and destructive mechanisms.


The object of this study were twofold, namely, to study on (1) effect of using ultrasound therapy for curing warts (2) any relation between a cure for warts and onset of warts, as well as subject age. Our subjects, composed of 22 people from age 12 to 49, were assigned to two groups, experimental group and control group. We experimented for 8 session on 12 people in the experimental group by using ultrasound therapy to observe any morphological change in the warts or disappearance of a pain. However, we did not cure warts in the other group, control group. The result of the study are as follows. (1) Ultrasound therapy has an effect on curing warts. (2) Neither condition, onset of warts or subject age, had no influence on a cure for warts.


The Cope rearrangement is a highly stereospecific, concerted reaction of considerable synthetic utility. Experimental product distributions from the reaction of disubstituted 1,5-hexadienes can be readily understood by computer modeling of the various possible transitions states. Semi-empirical methods give relative energies of transition states that parallel those of more sophisticated methods at a fraction of the computational time. Visual analysis of computed transition-state geometries allow students to interpret the computational results by analogy to the familiar chair and boat conformations of substituted cyclohexanes.


Beijing strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (lineage2) have been associated with drug-resistance and transmission of tuberculosis worldwide. Most of the Beijing strains identified in the Colombian pacific coast exhibited a multidrug resistant (MDR) phenotype, in contrast with the phenotype observed in Beijing isolates from other South-American countries. We wanted to evaluate the clonality and genetic background of the Beijing strains isolated in Colombia that belong mostly to the spoligo-international type (SIT) 190. Out of 37 Beijing stains characterized in an 8-years period, we identified five Beijing clones; 36 that belong to the SIT190 type and only one to SIT1. Two loci in VNTR typing: MIRU 39 and QUB11b exhibited the highest level of variation among these strains. Out of the 37 Beijing strains, only one was drug susceptible, 28 represented MDR-TB, four extensively drug resistant TB (XDR-TB) and four pre-XDR-TB. The mutations rpoB S531L and katG S315T1 were the most common among the MDR strains as reported elsewhere. Whole genome sequencing analysis allowed us to classify them as modern lineage Beijing strains, sharing up to 76 out of the 275 SNPs described in Beijing strains, as identified worldwide by Schürch et al; including 54 non-synonymous SNPs and 23 silent mutations. We were also able to confirm the presence of 8 specific SNPs that were so far only found in the Beijing strains from Colombia. The presence of modern Beijing strains, most of them representing MDR-TB, suggests a different origin of this M. tuberculosis lineage compared to other Beijing strains found in neighboring countries, such as Peru. The specific 8-SNP signature confirmed the identity of these Colombian Beijing MDR strains. This work may serve as a genetic baseline to study the evolution and spread of M. tuberculosis Beijing strains in Colombia, which play an important role in the control of MDR-TB.


In this paper, we report on an investigation into sustainability education in schools in the Australian state of Tasmania following the implementation of the Australian Curriculum. Sustainability is one of three cross-curriculum priorities in the new national curriculum and is the focus of this research (sustainability cross-curriculum priority (CCP)). Principals and Curriculum Leaders (PCLs) from all schools in Tasmania were invited to complete a survey that asked them about their understanding of various aspects of sustainability and how the sustainability CCP was integrated across learning areas. Sixty-eight PCLs (24%) responded to the survey. They reported generally good understandings of sustainability and education for sustainability, but lesser understandings of the sustainability CCP and the nine organising ideas. Respondents' understandings of sustainability were dominated by an environmental focus. The PCLs' responses in relation to sustainability implementation across learning areas gave insights into ways that the sustainability CCP can serve as a pivot for cross-curricular teaching and learning, which is strongly advocated for achieving transformative sustainability education. We conclude this paper with a discussion of how the sustainability CCP is an important asset in the necessary reorientation of the Australian formal education system for a more sustainable future. We note the importance of professional support so that educators may better understand sustainability and its complexity as a cross-curricular priority and envision ways in which the sustainability CCP can be realised within education.


To illustrate the architecture on-demands for data intensive geoscience product (AODIGP) processing, this paper proposed a division method of working domains which cover tasks domain, resources domain, and flows domain. Take the remote sensing products in common properties as instance, products requirements would be parsed by means of knowledge base and inference engine. Abstract description method of remote sensing products can be used to constitute the workflow according to near data computing (NDC) ruler. Finally we verified the availability of AODIGP by constructing data center resources cooperatively-scheduled system (DCRCSS) and presented the improvement in the future.


The chemical software Aspen Plus was used to simulate a chemical system process,and check the logistics results.Application examples show application of Aspen Plus software can optimize production in chemical production; simulate operating parameters of the equipment and the whole production device; realize the optimization design of device.


Precision stage based on laser interferometer is the key equipment in the E-beam lithography system. In order to improve the calculating speed of stage controller, a E-beam lithography stage con-troller based on FPGA is presented. This controller consists of PC interface, laser interferometer inter-face, motor controller interface, manual panel interface and main processor. US Xilinx Inc. Spantan3 series FPGA chip XC3s400 is the central unit in the controller. The controller can deliver data and command to PC, laser interferometer, servo driver system and manual panel, implement the precision move of the stage, and meet the requirement of orientation accuracy and assembly accuracy in E-beam lithography.


Measurements of electrical conductivity in the temperature range 300-700° K employing probediodes reveal that, in addition to pore-conduction, at least two conduction processes operate in parallel at temperatures below 700° K. It is suggested that one of these is movement of barium ions over interior crystallite surfaces and the other is electronic conduction limited by electron trapping, e.g. by oxygen, at crystal-crystal interfaces.


The aim of this study was to evaluate the protein content and antioxidant activity of instant and raw Edible bird's nest (EBN). This study was conducted using two types of EBNs, which are instant and raw samples. All EBN samples were extracted via three types of extraction method, namely, salt, alkaline, and hot extractions. Lowry's method was used to analyze protein content and the antioxidant activities were analyzed via free radical scavenging assay 1,1-diphenyl-2-pycrylhydrazyl (DPPH), total phenolic content (TPC) assay and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). This study showed that the highest protein was 2165.90 µg/mL obtained from raw EBN extracted via alkaline solution. In addition, it was also found that the protein concentration of raw EBN was higher compared to instant EBN for all types of extraction procedures. Results from antioxidant assay showed that there was no significant difference between DPPH and FRAP of both EBN. Moreover, TPC results showed that the there was no phenolic compounds detected via all extraction procedures.


The contents of this paper are as follows: Introduction; International cooperation in research on road safety education for children; Formulation of general educational objectives and selection of important and feasible concrete educational objectives for particular target groups; Results of traffic training experiments; Recent developments in traffic training programs; Recent developments in school curricula development; Evaluation of traffic training programs; and Recommendations.


Sub-wavelength tungsten nano-gratings were grown using a single femtosecond laser beam on many substrates. Quantitative study of substrate reveals that substrates play a significant role in controlling the growth conditions and physical attributes of tungsten-nano-gratings.


With the first light of its fourth telescope unit, the European Southern Observatory is successfully completing the commissioning of the main telescopes of the Very Large Telescope program, featuring four 8meter telescopes. Two of these are already available to the scientific community. The VLT Software Control group is proud of the fact that VLT commissioning has never suffered delays due to software. A decisive factor in achieving this was the use of software engineering practices, and this paper reports on the experiences of applying these practices to the VLT Control Software and building the group culture as a simple but effective set of standards and tools. Main areas of interest are analysis and design methodology and tools, software configuration control, software testing, problem reporting and tracking, and documentation. The paper will also discuss what didn't work and changes that are needed and planned.


This issue presents a bibliographic index to experimental photonuclear data published in periodical scientific literature during the years 1986-1990. The main tabulation is sorted by nucleus and reaction. It is supplemented by a reference index, an author index, explanatory tables of terms and abbreviations used, and a table of isotopic abundances and nucleon separation energies. The index is in English with an introduction in Russian and English. Reproduced by the IAEA in Austria July 1992


Teaching values,an essential subject of pedagogical research,mainly concerns the essence,subject and object,structure and form,generative mechanism,and empirical study of teaching values.The author assumes that misconceptions and deficiencies exist in teaching values research with local,instrumental and surface values to be focused on,and integral,targets-oriented and deep values ignored.Thus,further study is needed to emphasize the integrity,target-orientation and depth.


ABSTRACT The present study aimed to investigate the effect of alkali (NaOH) treatment on the morphological properties and tensile strength of Yucca Gloriosa (YG) natural fibers along with the optimization of the parameters related to such treatment. The Response Surface Methodology (RSM) with Central Composite Designs (CCD) approach for the design and analysis of experiments with the optimization of NaOH concentration and immersion time was applied. Also, the Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were also employed to evaluate and compare the morphological and structural properties of YG fibers. For NaOH treatment process the best mathematical models to predict the fiber diameter and tensile strength of the YG fibers were the linear and quadratic models, respectively. Additionally, the optimal amount of YG fibers diameter and tensile strength were achieved at optimum process conditions. The optimized levels for NaOH concentration and immersion time were 5 wt.% and 10 h, respectively. So that, after fiber treatment in this condition, tensile strength of YG fibers was increased by 29.58% and the diameters of YG fibers were decreased by 7.34% compared to the raw fibers. Nonetheless, the process of alkali treatment in optimum conditions did not significantly affect the structural and crystallinity of YG fibers. Finally, NaOH treatment under optimal condition, mainly because of improving the morphological and tensile properties as well as increasing the interfacial adhesion between natural fibers and polymer matrices, is practically useful in the manufacture of multi-purpose hybrid composites.


This work aims to present and discuss the aplicability of hazard mapping for planar landslide
methodology, presented in the Mapping of Hazard and Risk to Gravitational Mass Movements
Manual, maded by the Brazilian Geological Survey (SBG/CPRM), in a study area that includes part of Granja Spinelli neighborhood, located in Nova Friburgo's main district, in the mountainous region of Rio de Janeiro State (RJ). This manual was developed during the Project to Strengthen the National Strategy for Integrated Management of Risks in Natural Disasters - GIDES Project, an International Cooperation Agreement between Brazil-Japan, which selected three brazilian cities for the application of the proposed methodologies. They were, Blumenau in Santa Catarina State, Nova Friburgo and Petropolis in Rio de Janeiro State. The GIDES Project was part of a number of governmental changing acts of structuring and legislation, taken after the heavy thunderstorms of January 2011, that reached the mountainous region of Rio de Janeiro, which aimed integrating actions, in the diferent governmental spheres for the management of natural disasters, and help municipalities to identify, monitor and plan the
management of susceptible areas to occurrence of natural disasters associeted to mass movements. The main product obtained in this work, was a hazard map of planar landslide in the study area, elaborated on a 1: 5000 topographic scale base, considering the fact that, planar landslides represents the most common mass movement occurrence in the Municipality, which justified the typology choice. The results obtained in this work, were compared in a qualitative way, with others cartographic materials on the subject in the Municipality, wich are the Susceptibility Map of Gravitational Mass Movements by the SGB/CPRM, in the original scale of 1:25.000, and the Geothecnical Map for Urban Aptitude by the Mineral Resources Department of Rio de Janeiro (DRM / RJ), in the scale of 1: 10,000, which proposes the improvement of risk management against natural disasters in the municipality of Nova Friburgo.


This article discusses methods of geodetic support the construction of a unique cable-stayed bridge towers on the island of "Russian". The features of satellite receivers d sochetanib with electronic total station. The problems of accuracy and duration of observation sessions.


Multi-agent cooperation is an important topic, and is particularly challenging in mixed-motive situations where it does not pay to be nice to others. Consequently, self-interested agents often avoid collective behaviour, resulting in suboptimal outcomes for the group. In response, in this paper we introduce a metric to quantify the disparity between what is rational for individual agents and what is rational for the group, which we call the general self-interest level. This metric represents the maximum proportion of individual rewards that all agents can retain while ensuring that achieving social welfare optimum becomes a dominant strategy. By aligning the individual and group incentives, rational agents acting to maximise their own reward will simultaneously maximise the collective reward. As agents transfer their rewards to motivate others to consider their welfare, we diverge from traditional concepts of altruism or prosocial behaviours. The general self-interest level is a property of a game that is useful for assessing the propensity of players to cooperate and understanding how features of a game impact this. We illustrate the effectiveness of our method on several novel games representations of social dilemmas with arbitrary numbers of players.


The problem of reconstruction of complete building response from a limited number of response measurements is considered. The response at the intermediate degrees of freedom is reconstructed by using piecewise cubic Hermite polynomial interpolation in time domain. The piecewise cubic Hermite polynomial interpolation is preferred over the spline interpolation due to its trend preserving character. It has been shown that factorization of response data in variable separable form via singular value decomposition can be used to derive the complete set of normal modes of the structural system. The time domain principal components can be used to derive empirical transfer functions from which the natural frequencies of the structural system can be identified by peak-picking technique. A reduced-rank approximation for the system flexibility matrix can be readily constructed from the identified mass-orthonormal mode shapes and natural frequencies.


Abstract The model of surgery first and always for Type A aortic dissections has continued to evolve. During the last three decades, various studies have demonstrated that in select patients, surgery should be delayed or avoided. This case series examines three cases in which patients were medically treated. Furthermore, we review the literature and when surgery should be delayed for acute Type A aortic dissections.


The impermeability of bonding interface between new steel fiber reinforced concrete and existing concrete of 90 composite cylindrical specimens is studied expeimentally.The new concrete of bonding specimens is reinforced with steel fiber of different volume fraction,such as 0,0.5%,1.0%,1.5% and 2.0%.The influences of steel fiber volume fraction,interface agent and surface roughness on the permeability are investigated and the characteristics and mechanical parameters of bonding interface between new steel fiber reinforced concrete and existing concrete are studied.The results show that the interface agent and the steel fiber can improve the impermeability of bonding interface,the impermeability of bonding inteface is continually increased with the increment of steel fiber volume fraction,the increment ratio of impermeability reaches 27% when the steel fiber volume fraction is 1.5% in new concrete.Based on experimental results,the calculating formula of permeability on bonding interface between new steel fiber reinforced concrete and existing concrete is put forward.


Background Palliative care needs in older persons can endanger their dignity. To provide dignity-conserving care to older persons, the Swedish Dignity Care Intervention (DCI-SWE) can be used. The DCI-SWE is built on Chochinov's dignity model and the original version, developed and tested in UK and Scotland. Aim To describe older persons' and their relatives' experiences of dignity and dignity-conserving care when using the DCI-SWE in municipal health care. Research design A mixed method study with convergent parallel design. Participants and research context The DCI-SWE was used and evaluated in a Swedish municipality health care context. Older persons' (n=17) dignity-related distress and quality of life were assessed after the intervention. Interviews with older persons (n=10) and their relatives (n=8) were analysed using thematic analysis. Ethical considerations The study followed the World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki. Ethical approval was obtained from the Regional Ethical Review Board in Uppsala, Sweden (Reg No. 2014/312) and the National Swedish Ethical Review Authority (Reg. No. Ö 10-2019). Informed consent was collected from older persons and their relatives. Findings The older persons' dignity-related distress did not significantly change over time (p = 0.44) neither was their overall quality of life (p = .64). Only psychological quality of life was decreased significantly (p = 0.01). The older persons and their relatives emphasized the importance of valuing the individual. Conclusions The DCI-SWE provides a forum to talk about dignity issues, but relevant competence, continuity and resources are needed. Psychological care actions and health care professionals' communication skills training are important. To fully evaluate, the DCI-SWE a larger sample and validated instruments are necessary.


A note from the Reviews Editor, Ruth Gyure, to highlight the changes in the Reviews section since the initial publication, including the addition of a bi-annual "Journal Watch" article.


: An important form of gentrification in China is the gentrification of historic districts. This gentrification has broadly undergone three stages of development in China: emergence, decline, and rapid development. The popular way of renewing historic districts in China today has a positive effect on the preservation of historical style. However, on the other hand, gentrification can intensify the division between the rich and the poor and social segregation, which is not conducive to social stability. Most importantly, the so-called preservation of historic districts is mostly just a superficial formalistic renewal. The cultural connotations and social networks of historic districts have been destroyed. In this paper, we take Xintiandi as an example to explain the gentrification characteristics and displacement of Xintiandi historic district from three aspects: physical environment, social class and functional change. David Ley's theory is cited here to explain the characteristics and needs of gentrifiers that lead gentrification.


With a chopped glass strands production line for example,this paper presents a design concept with Siemens programmable controller S7-1200 PLC as a key control component to realize centralized monitoring for more convenient operation.


This paper attempts to measure the impact of naturally occurring media frames on public support for a policy. Content analysis of network nightly news during late October of 2001 reveals that U.S. media framed the events of September 11 in terms of both war and crime. A concurrent survey of 328 Tennesseans reveals that rather than adopting either a war frame or a crime frame, audiences combined elements of these media frames in various ways and that their subsequent understanding of the events of September 11 had an impact on their support for the war in Afghanistan. The results reveal the complexity of the framing phenomenon in natural environments and suggest the need for better measures of how audiences perceive media frames as well as further investigation into framing as a means of coalition building.


In this article we consider three different kinds of domain-dependent control knowledge (temporal, procedural and HTN-based) that are useful in planning. Our approach is declarative and relies on the language of logic programming with answer set semantics (AnsProlog*). AnsProlog* is designed to plan without control knowledge. We show how temporal, procedural and HTN-based control knowledge can be incorporated into AnsProlog* by the modular addition of a small number of domain-dependent rules, without the need to modify the planner. We formally prove the correctness of our planner, both in the absence and presence of the control knowledge. Finally, we perform some initial experimentation that demonstrates the potential reduction in planning time that can be achieved when procedural domain knowledge is used to solve planning problems with large plan length.


A system is described for use as a neural prosthetic controller in humans that is undergoing testing in sub-human primates. It provides transcutaneous power induction for ultra long-term use of devices that monitor neural activity in the motor cortex. These neural signals will be used to control muscle stimulators and other prosthetic devices.


Abstract : This research study deals with the general subject of the political impact of Islam in the Sudan through an analysis of the Islamization program recently initiated by President Ja'far Numayri. Part I provides a basic summary of the extended analysis. It provides general coverage of the more detailed analysis and is an outline of that analysis. Part II presents the basic conclusions of the report in terms of general interpretations and implications for Sudanese and U.S. policy. The more detailed analysis is presented in the final two sections of this report. These parts provided the expanded explanations for the points made in Part I of this presentation.


Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided antegrade treatment for biliary disorders was developed for patientswith an altered anatomy [1–5]. This report describes a case of successful EUS-guided bile duct stone (BDS) treatment followed by direct peroral transjejunal-hepatic cholangioscopy in a patient with Roux-en-Y reconstruction. An 80-year-old woman with a BDS and a history of total gastrectomy with Rouxen-Y reconstruction was admitted to the Hokkaido University Hospital. The papilla could not be reached even with balloon enteroscopy. Therefore, transhepatic EUSguided antegrade BDS treatment was attempted. A B3 branch duct was punctured using a 19-gauge needle (SonoTip Pro Control; Medi-Globe GmbH, Rosenheim, Germany), and a 0.025-inch guidewire (VisiGlide 2; Olympus Medical Systems, Tokyo, Japan) was placed (●" Video 1). A 6-Fr wireguided diathermic dilator (Cysto-GastroSet; Endo-Flex GmbH, Voerde, Germany) was used to dilate the tract. Papillary balloon dilation (Hurricane RX Biliary Balloon Dilatation Catheter; Boston Scientific Japan, Tokyo, Japan) was also performed under fluoroscopic guidance according to the size of the distal bile duct (●" Fig.1a,●" Video 1). The retrieval balloon (Extractor Pro RX retrieval balloon catheter, 15–18mm; Boston) and mechanical lithotripter (Litho Crush V, BML-V437QR-30; Olympus) both failed to extract the stone (●" Video 1). A 6-Fr nasobiliary drainage catheter (NBDC; Flexima ENBD Catheter; Boston Scientific Japan) was placed across the papilla for drainage into the duodenum and to facilitate a rendezvous procedure using balloon enteroscopy (●" Fig.1b). The next day, the patient developed acute cholangitis. Re-intervention through the fistula tract was attempted. After advancing the guidewire into the bile duct, the BDS was captured by a standard basket catheter (FG-V435P; Olympus) (●" Fig.1c, ●" Video 1). However, the basket catheter could not pass the papilla and was impacted instead (●" Video 1). Emergency, di-


Calculations of water consumption at the entrances to residential buildings for different standards of water consumption, the number of apartments and installed sanitary appliances are made on the basis of current and repealed regulations analysis. The results of the calculations are presented in the form of appropriate graphs. The comparative estimation and the analysis of the received settlement data are carried out. Three methods of calculating the volume of water consumption, which have been actively used in the practice of engineering calculations for the last 65 years, were considered during the preparation of the work. Namely: methods based on the use of the concept of equivalents that were introduced to describe the characteristics of each type of sanitary appliances; methods using the concept of the probability of action of sanitary appliances, as well as the current method, which is based on the ratio between the maximum and average hourly norms of water consumption. The results of the analysis allow to conclude that in the first considered building codes of previous years were significantly overestimated water consumption at the entrances to residential buildings. On the contrary, in the second it is somewhat underestimated. The most optimal discharges are given in the current building codes.


Beijing Normal University, Beijing, ChinaCorrespondence to: C. Cudennec (email@example.com)The security of Mankind is multi-faceted as it is chal-lenged by many hazards and threats, with variable expo-sures across space and time. It is now recognized that theimpacts of disasters are increasing (see, for example, WMO-No. 1123, WMO, 2014) as is their complexity in many partsof the world, resulting in the Sendai Declaration "to en-hance our efforts to strengthen disaster risk reduction to re-duce losses of lives and assets from disasters worldwide"(UNGA, 2015, p. 1), with an emphasis on the role of Sci-ence (Aitsi-Selmi et al., 2015). Geophysical extreme eventsand geopolitical crisis have always been the two major causesof disasters and catastrophes. However, the risks are growingconsistently with the acceleration and increasing complex-ity of the Anthropocene and through the emergence of newnatural-technological interfaces and interactions, new cas-cading events and processes, severe changes in the driversand internal features of (sub) systems, changing geographicalvulnerability and resilience characteristics, and new hazardsaside from the traditional ones.The eight associations of IUGG – the International Unionof Geodesy and Geophysics – develop scientific knowledgeand methods concerning all geophysical processes that poserisk to society. In addition, IUGG also facilitates multidis-ciplinary approaches thanks to the richness of its commu-nities and to catalyzing mechanisms (Ismail-Zadeh et al.,2014). One of these approaches is the establishment of bridg-ing symposia during Union assemblies. At the 2015 PragueAssembly, the Union symposium U2 offered a panoramaof keynotes on "Integrated disaster risk science – Account-ing for extremes" from each of the Associations and ad hoccommissions. A major follow up event was the JH1 inter-associations symposium dedicated to "Extreme hydrologicalevents" as water is at the interface of several compartmentsand processes studied by the different disciplines. The JH1symposium was organized in cooperation with WMO, withthis PIAHS volume being a significant output.Extreme hydrological events develop at the Earth's sur-face with low frequency and high magnitude. They are oftendriven by closely connected causal forces from other aspectsof geophysics, such as meteorological, oceanographic, andseismological processes. They are often complex in terms oftheir distribution of water over time and space, its phases,and its impacts on storages. They also often develop overthe interfaces of liquid freshwater with marine, atmospheric,icy and snowy solid, and ground waters. A large influenceof such events also exists with human and physical geogra-phies, in terms of feedback and feedforward process interac-tions, particularly in the areas of disaster risk management,disaster mitigation and prevention.Consistent with the IAHS Panta Rhei initiative (Montanariet al., 2013) and the multi-dimensional definition of WaterSecurity (Cudennec et al., 2015), this volume contains con-tributions on– the assessment, measurement, understanding, mod-elling, forecasting, prediction and management of ex-treme hydrological events;– the complexity of geophysical interfaces and science-society interactions;– new direct and indirect technologies, from specific ob-servational techniques to modelling and statistical ap-proaches;– the challenges that these issues pose in the context ofclimatic, geographical and societal change; and– conceptual advances regarding the concepts of the An-thropocene and the dimensions of Water Security.


Virtual Networks (VN) offer a flexible and economic approach to deploy customer suited networks. However, defining how resources of a physical network are used to support VNs demands is a NP-hard problem. For this reason, heuristics have been proposed for providing satisfactory allocation of resources in an efficient way. This work presents a modeling of the VN allocation problem using Distributed Constraint Optimization Problem (DCOP) with factor graphs. The max-sum algorithm is employed to solve the DCOP. Correctness criteria for this approach are discussed and verifications going to be conducted through model checking.


'...highly competitive with each other. Polluted by the internal power politics and the unsavoury characteristics seen in many big corporations, large aid agencies can be obsessed with raising money through their own appeal efforts. Media coverage as an end in itself is too often an aim of their activities. Marketing and branding have too high a profile. Perhaps worst of all, relief efforts in the field are sometimes competitive with little collaboration between agencies, including smaller, grass-roots charities that may have better networks in affected counties and so are well placed to immediately implement emergency relief...' (The Lancet, 2010)


One of the unwritten parts of the job description of a trainee neurologist working in an academic institution can be the requirement to enrol into a brain MRI study as a research volunteer ('normal control' sounds too flattering for a neurologist). During my training, thrilled by the respite from requesting esoteric blood tests, I gladly lay on the research MRI scanner table and imagined my protons spinning under the influence of the magnet around me. But had I known that there was a 1 in 37 chance of identifying an incidental finding on brain MRI,1 the magnet would have seemed more like a European roulette wheel in which the ball may land in one of 37 pockets (gamblers, scholars and pedants who read Practical Neurology will know that this comparison breaks down in American roulette where the existence of a 38th double zero pocket offers the player longer odds).

However, before deciding whether to be concerned about the chance, and perhaps the risk, of detecting incidental findings in the brain, it is important to clarify what they may be. In a meta-analysis of their prevalence in the brains of neurologically asymptomatic people, my colleagues and I eventually defined them as 'apparently asymptomatic intracranial abnormalities that are clinically significant because of their potential to cause symptoms or influence treatment' (this …


Due to the increasing risk posed on satellites from space debris, requirements are now being implemented into satellites to be launched in the future to prevent the release of additional debris. One of the key requirements is the electrical passivation of satellites at end of mission (EoM) in order to prevent the break-up of satellites due to the stored energy in the power subsystem. In order to comply with these new specifications and find suitable solutions for the upcoming missions, a set of workshops and R&D activities have been initiated and conducted in the past few years. In particular it has provided a better understanding of the environmental constraints and the battery safety after EoM, together with the identification of the most appropriate implementations for electrical passivation. The latest available results of these activities and the ongoing work are presented within this paper. In addition, new spacecraft under development are currently implementing electrical passivation solutions taking into account the conclusions of these studies.


Background: Acute mesenteric ischemia represents a challenge in Taif and related districts where hypobaric oxygen may add to other risk factors as prevalence of diabetes mellitus and obesity. The aim of this retrospective study was to record and discuss the underlying risk factors, pattern of presentation, methods of diagnosis and results of treatment of acute mesenteric ischemia in Taif Tertiary Hospitals.Methods: In this chart review and database study, thirty-one patients met the inclusion criteria in the period from January 2009 to December 2017. The outcomes included demographics, risk factors, clinical findings, diagnostic and therapeutic methods, in addition to the mortality and follow up of the study population.Results: The commonest presenting symptom was abdominal pain (100%), of them 45.2% had marked peritoneal signs.  Diagnosis was established by CT angiography in 41.9% and after exploratory laparotomy in 58.1% of patients. Mesenteric artery thrombosis was the cause in 64.5% and embolism in 35.5%. In all patient's necrotic bowel segments were resected followed by revascularization. Reoperation was performed in 32.3% of patients. Perioperative deaths were 41.9% and the overall mortality 58.1%.Conclusions: The findings of this study are not quite different from that performed on population living in normobaric oxygen environment except for a higher incidence of arterial thrombosis. Validation of these findings needs more standardized large prospective studies to avoid the impact of different confounding factors and the limited statistical power related to small sample sizes.


We use two-dimensional (2-D) P-T-t modeling to constrain the thermal and rheological aspects of different scenarios for the late Mesozoic and Cenozoic tectonic evolution of the Eastern Alps, inferred from excellent data sets from the Tauern Window (TW). Models invoking subduction of the South Penninic (SP) oceanic lithosphere during thrusting and subsequent erosion of the Austro-Alpine (AA) upper plate nappe stack are inconsistent with the observed thermal evolution within the AA and Penninic units. In these models, predictions for the AA peak thermal conditions are lower than observed. After exhumation and cooling to midcrustal levels and subduction of the continental Middle Penninic (MP) block, the AA undergoes a phase of renewed heating to almost the previous peak temperatures. Simultaneously, the Penninic units experience a phase of heating upon subduction, followed by cooling after onset of subduction of the North Penninic (NP) basin. The model predictions are inconsistent with the observed nearly isothermal uplift path of the SP after subduction and cannot explain observed inverted metamorphic peak conditions in the deeper AA (amphibolite facies) down to the higher Penninic unit (greenschist facies). A model with the beginning of subduction of the SP occurring after crustal thickening of the AA and subsequent return to normal crustal thicknesses is compatible with the P-T-t data. In this model, peak temperature conditions are higher in the AA, followed by a phase of strong cooling in the AA upper plate with the onset of underthrusting. This model also explains successfully nearly isothermal exhumation of the MP and inverted metamorphic peak conditions in the deeper AA. Material accreted to the hanging wall from the oceanic crust (SP) experiences a phase of cooling during ongoing subduction of oceanic lithosphere and begins to heat up to its thermal climax after the subduction of trailing continental lithosphere. The subsequent PT path of the Penninic units strongly depends on the timing and rates of underthrusting by the foreland. Observed PT paths in the MP within the TW require continuous subduction of the NP and the trailing European foreland under the exhuming MP block. Documented rapid cooling in the final uplift phase of the Penninic units in the TW requires exhumation rates up to approximately 4 mm/yr. Predictions of slightly elevated present-day geothermal gradients in the TW area are consistent with available heat flow data. As a result of Mesozoic rifting followed by late Mesozoic crustal thickening of the AA, paleorheological reconstructions are characterized by a contrast between relatively strong oceanic lithosphere and adjacent weak continental lithosphere. Predicted decoupling of weak continental and oceanic lithosphere during subsequent subduction of the Penninic units can explain observed Late Cretaceous crustal extension in the AA units in terms of gravitational spreading. Ongoing subduction leads to an overall strength increase due to underthrusting of cool oceanic lithosphere, whereas subduction of continental lithosphere causes a strength decrease in the upper levels of the lithosphere. Continuous crustal thickening and relaxation of the depressed isotherms reduce the strength of the lower lithospheric mantle beneath the central orogen, further enhanced by rapid late-stage uplift. Predictions for the present-day rheological structure of the Eastern Alps support the existence of a strong upper crustal layer, two wedge-shaped strong upper mantle layers to the north and the south of the orogen, and a weak upper mantle underlying the central orogen.


In this paper, the instable failure process of floor in confined aquifer is numerically simulated by using Coupling System of Flow Solid in Rock Failure Process Analysis (abbreviated as F-RFPA(2D)) that is recently developed by CRISR, Northeastern University, China. The instable failure mechanism of floor with confined aquifer is analyzed and the position where the water-inrush will happen is predicted. Numerical results are well tallied with those in site phenomena, which indicates that the F-RFPA(2D), as a newly developed numerical simulation code, can effectively simulate the water-inrush of floor with artisan water. Numerical results also prove that F-RFPA(2D) should be acted as a now numerical tool to study the water inrush in floor in confined aquifer.


The Sixth International Youth Festival, held in Moscow from 28 July to 11 August 1957, proved a watershed in opening the borders of the communist homeland. More than 34,000 young people from 131 countries converged on the Soviet capital, and for many commentators Soviet life was never the same again, with sex and rock 'n' roll high on the hit parade.1 Soviet restaurants welcomed these foreign guests by preparing the visitors' own foods during their stay, and this opening to world cuisines gained reinforcement through the appearance in Moscow of restaurants specializing in various national cuisines and in the promotion in the periodical press of new flavors. In a 1958 guide to Moscow restaurants, the food critic and restaurant manager Petr Aksenov positively gushed with pride in the accomplishments of Moscow chefs in 1957. For their Indian guests they prepared rice and steamed vegetables, Chinese friends were treated to Peking duck and roast cuttlefish with bamboo shoots, and Italians, "true to their taste," could order macaroni with cheese.2


Part 1 Two-Dimensional Affine Nonlinear Systems: Controllability of a Cart Nonlinear Affine System on a Plane as a Carts Garland Semiglobal Stabilization of a Carts Garland Two-Dimensional Systems with Singularities. Part II Multi-Dimensional Nonlinear Systems: Global Controllability Analysis Local Stabilization Semiglobal Stabilization.


According to different utilization ways,it raises the relative research ways from four aspects so as to provide the scientific bases for constructing and reasonably utilizing the ecological public welfare forest better.


S AND TRANSLATIONS the first syllable of each root, but is phonemic since its position is not phonologically conditioned. Secondary accent, however, is predictable, falling on alternate morae before and after the primary accent, each vowel or semivowel constituting one mora. Allophonic vowel height is then predictable from the occurrence of primary and secondary accent. Voiceless vowel allophones, on the other hand, are predictable from their consonantal and vocalic surroundings. Long vowels are phonemicized in two ways: the high ones are /iy uw/, since they are followed by audible friction in some environments, but the others are /aa ee oo/. An appended chart of consonants shows the phonemes /p t 6 k kw q ?, v s A xw x h, 1 , m n ni i, w y/; loans from Spanish contain, in addition, /f d y r/. Zur Aufstellung der Wortklassen des Cahuilla ("On the Establishment of the Cahuilla Word Classes"). By Hansjakob Seller. Miinchener Studien zur Sprachwissenschaft 12 (1958), pp. 61-79. Munich. Cahuilla stems are subject to prefixing, suffixing, reduplication, and composition. It is found that prefixal patterns provide the best basis for a classification of words, as follows: Class A (pronouns and interjections), words which can contain no prefix. Class B (verbs), words which may contain pronominal prefixes preceded by other types of prefix. Class C (nouns), words which may contain pronominal prefixes, but no others preceding them. Class D (particles), words which may contain prefixes, but not pronominal ones. These groups agree with the classification of words according to their syntactic function. Notes on Huambisa Phonemics. By David Beasley and Kenneth L. Pike. Lingua Posnaniensis, vol. 6 (1957). 8 pp. Poznafi,


The integration of Gallium Arsenide field effect transistors (GaAs - FETs) and multiple quantum well modulators is an exciting advancement in the area of optical interconnections [1-3].


This Fourth Edition is an ideal resource for anyone working in or studying about the child care industry. With a Focus on positive relationships and interactions, this book provides all of the information professionals need to operate a successful child care center. Updates include how to incorporate computer technology into business, new information on health and nutrition issues, and an expanded section on parent involvement.


The proton‐rich nucleus 33Ar has been produced at the low‐energy facility SPIRAL at GANIL. Spectroscopic studies of gamma and p emission of this nucleus were performed with the "Silicon Cube" detection system. The analysis of proton and gamma singles and coincidence spectra allowed us to establish a complete decay scheme of this nucleus. The comparison of the Gamow‐Teller strength distribution deduced from our experiment and the theoretical one obtained with the Shell Model permitted the determination of a quenching factor for the Gamow‐Teller strength.


This paper reviews the recent research progress made in eggplant(Solanum melongena L.)disease resistance breeding,including resistance to bacterial wilt,Verticillium wilt and Fusarium wilt.It also analyzes the existing problems and prospects the future research orientation.


Moreover men's involvement in domestic work largely amounts to taking care of themselves 'taking care of men'. Why does this state of affairs persist? The answer according to McMahon is simple the division of labour suits men so they resist change (p. 204). Moreover, in the existing division of labour men are not just cared for by women, the very category of men as commonly defined makes sense only in terms of existing gender relations (p. 204). This is an enjoyable if somewhat pessimistic book. McMahon presents his arguments coherently. However, women are presented as responding much too passively to this situation. Access to paid employment enhances women's status within the household in a number of diverse ways even if the domestic division of labour continues to be unevenly shared. Moreover, while McMahon presents a range of research to indicate that women's behaviour seems to perpetuate the sexual division of labour, its continuation is by no means guaranteed.


Denggao is one of Du Fu's masterpieces which has won high praises from scholars of all ages. From a new perspective, this paper conducts an in-depth analysis of the internal structure of the poem, as well as its tonal patterns, figures, rhythms and images. To conclude, this poem is an example in which content and form are married to perfection.


The purpose of this article: (a) to describe of substance characterization novel Kisah Pencarian Cinta Sejati Diorama Sepasang AlBanna? created by Ari Nur, (b) to describe type behavior hedonism in novel Kisah Pencarian Cinta Sejati Diorama Sepasang AlBanna? created by Ari Nur, (c) to describe impact behavior hedonism in novel Kisah Pencarian Cinta Sejati Diorama Sepasang AlBanna? created by Ari Nur. The method of used is descripyion method encode of this observation is novel about " Kisah Pencarian Cinta Sejati Diorama Sepasang AlBanna" created by Ari Nur, published by P.T. Mizan pustaka, Bandung 2008, a number of 216 pages. Editored manuscribe by Ali Muakhir and Salman Iskandar on step of gathered encode used study method of bibliography. Analysis technical committed with literature theory into novel. The result of this observation to express form of characterist, behaviour, hedonism, and impact of hedonism in novel " Kisah Pencarian Cinta Sejati Diorama Sepasang AlBanna " created by Ari Nur.


THE interest of the professionand to a lesserextent of the lay public in endemic goitre has waxed and waned several times over the last one hundred and fifty years. 'The first peak followed the discoveryof iodine by Courtois in 1811 and the demonstrationof its presencein seaweed by Sir Humphry Davy in 1814, and in spongesby Fyfe in 1819. The ashesof spongeshad long beenusedto treat some forms of goitre, so that it was logical that iodine should replace the use of crude preparationsmade from sponges. The next wave of interest occurred during the last two decadesof the nineteenthcentury and was due to the demonstrationby severalworkers that preparations of fresh animal thyroid reduceda simple enlargementof the thyroid. Interestwanedbecauseof the failure of some extracts due to the methods of preparation. Then the successof the large-scaleexperimentsin preventioncarried out by Marine and Kimball on school children at Akron, Ohio, U.S.A., in 1916,stimulateda large numberof similar experimentswhich constituted the third wave of interest and laid the foundations for all programmesin the prevention of endemic goitre since. The momentumof this wave receded through the late 1930's and reacheda low trough in all countriesduring World War II. The current wave of interestcan be attributed to a number of factors, including improved chemical techniqueswhich have permitted the study of many new aspects of thyroid metabolism, the availability of a safe radioisotope, p31, which has expandedthe boundariesof clinical research, .and, by no means the least, the stimulation provided by the World Health Organization, which in 1950 started a .eampaignaimed at the world-wide preventionof this condition. As an early expressionof its interest, the World Health Organization convened a study group in 1952 in London to report on endemicgoitre. An accountof this meeting appearedin this Journal.' Shortly afterwardsa full issue of the Bulletin of the Organization'was devoted to papers relating to endemic goitre, and now the most recent number of the Bulletin' contains five important papers, all aimed at stimulating still further member governments of the Organization to take more active measurestowards the eradicationof this condition. The first article in the current issue of the BUlletin, by . F. C. Kelly and W. W. Sneddon,although concernedwith


A filtered adaptive constrained sampled‐data controller for uncertain multivariable nonlinear systems in the presence of various constraints is synthesized in this paper. A piecewise constant adaptive law drives that estimation error dynamics to zero at each sampling time instant yields adaptive parameters. The filtered control scheme consists of two components. Based on an estimation/cancellation strategy, a disturbance rejection control law is designed to compensate the nonlinear uncertainties within the bandwidth of low‐pass filters, whereas a constraint violation avoidance control law is designed to solve an online constrained optimization problem. Although a reduced sampling time helps to minimize the estimation error caused by the neglect of unknowns, the resulting aggressive signals put more restrictions on the control law. Greater sacrifice of tracking performance is required to satisfy the constraints. The constraints violation avoidance control law is in favor of a larger sampling time. Sufficient conditions are given to guarantee the stability of the closed‐loop system with the sampled‐data controller, where the input/output signals are held constant over the sampling period. Numerical examples are provided to validate the theoretical results, comparisons between the constrained sampled‐data controller and unconstrained adaptive controller with the implementation of different sampling times are carried out.


In the present research, work has been focused on the efficiency of electrochromic properties and energy gap of Ir-oxide thin films as a function of preparative parameters. IrO 2 thin films were deposited onto preheated indium tin oxide (ITO) coated glass substrates by cost effective chemical spray pyrolysis technique (SPT) at different substrate temperature (T sub ) and solution molarity (SM). Electrochromic characteristic of IrO 2 thin films was studied in aqueous electrolyte of 0.1M H 2 SO 4 . The optimum potential difference of coloration and bleaching state at +1.2 and -1.2V, respectively. The results show that, the best value of electrochromic efficiency (CE) and the optical difference (DOD)


A slow change detection system includes: an image acquisition unit adapted to acquire a photographed image including consecutive images of a monitored object; a reference image acquisition unit adapted to acquire a reference image corresponding to the photographed image of the monitored object; a reference image area extraction unit adapted to extract, from the reference image, a reference image area that is an area corresponding to a photographed area of the photographed image; a change detection unit adapted to acquire a change area that is an area of the photographed image which is different from the reference image area and acquire a slow change area by excluding, from the acquired change area, a sudden change area derived from a history of the change area; and a display control unit adapted to superimpose and display information indicating the slow change area on the photographed image.


This chapter first introduces key components of the deep-sea environment and the biodiversity of the deep sea with a particular focus on the ecosystems associated with deep-sea hydrothermal vents. Secondly, it considers the nature of the biodiversity of the deep sea generally and the unique features of hydrothermal vents within the context of the overall biodiversity of the deep sea. The chapter then examines specific sites, such as those associated with Marine Protected Area (MPAs), more details are provided on the biology and ecology of those specific sites. It further presents several reasons why we should be concerned about the environmental impact of human activities on hydrothermal vent ecosystems. Finally, the chapter seeks to lay the foundation for an understanding of the unique ecosystems of hydrothermal vents and their place in our emerging understanding of the biodiversity of the deep sea.Keywords: biodiversity of the deep sea; deep-sea hydrothermal vents; hydrothermal vent ecosystems; Marine Protected Area (MPA)


The education industry in Ecuador has become one of the most favored axes in the change of the productive matrix, being the industrial sector that has had the most during the last 4 years. The obesity in these moments in the equator maintains a high rate of mortality and its suffering is exponentially in the last year; About 5 million Ecuadorians suffer from this disease. The purpose of this paper is to study the commercial and financial viability of the implementation of a sports academy focused on reducing weight on the base of football, in the city of Quito, within a period of five years. For this, the industry and the sector is environment were analyzed in order to know the threats and opportunities of insertion into the market, in turn of preferences and tastes of the potential client. To analyze and obtain conclusions from it, we used PESTEL and PORTER and matrices such as the EFE, the client is analysis was carried out with qualitative and quantitative tools; in order to develop the best commercial strategies for the service. Finally, a financial simulator was created that offers the financial viability of the project, based on investment, costs, expenses and income; Through this simulator projection are established in the results previously investigated. As a result of an analysis to the external sector, as the client becomes relevant with which the company needs to be counted; as it was differentiating factors and attributes that customers value these days and it was found that the company is financially viable because the internal rate of return is 22.97 percent higher than the discount rate and the current net value is 10.636,85 dollars.


The Zinc (II) complexes of 4(3H)-quinazolinone derived Schiff base ligand were prepared. Both free ligand and its Zinc (II) complexes were characterized by elemental analyses, spectral methods (IR, 1HNMR, MS and UV–Vis), molar conductance measurements and thermal studies. The bidentate ligand coordinated to the Zinc (II) ion through the lactum oxygen and the azomethine nitrogen of the ligand. All of the compounds were investigated for their antimicrobial activities against the Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and fungi. The nuclease activity was performed using supercoiled pUC19 plasmid DNA.