Swine wastewater application into soil to reuse water on cropping provides the addition of total and dissolved organic matter to soil, which interferes in the dynamics of pesticides in soil. Actually the dissolved organic matter has been investigated due to its capacity to improve the pesticide leaching or bound residues formation. This study aimed at evaluating the effects of total and dissolved organic matter application from two systems of swine wastewater, biodigester and lagoon treatments, in alachlor formation of bound residues into soil. The soil used to the extraction of bound residues was from a miscible displacement test of alachlor, where soil was treated with total and dissolved organic matter in disturbed soil columns. Extraction and quantification of desorption, extractable and bound residues were carried out. The chemical fractions of humic substances in extracts containing organic matter of low molecular weight humic and fulvic acids were characterized by infrared spectroscopy and total organic carbon concentration. The dissolved organic matter did not show desorption residues, only extractable ones. The highest amount of total organic carbon was in organic matter of low molecular weight, spectroscope characterized, by the presence of carboxylate anions, which are important in sorption process. From a soil contamination perspective, biodigester swine wastewater in dissolved form would be the treatment that would less contribute to this process. From a toxicological perspective, and would result in less damage to soil biota, since it showed greater bound residue formation and dissipation of alachlor.


Hibiscus rosa-sinensis is a widely grown evergreen valuable medicinal, ornamental species planted in India. Scale insects are small herbivorous insects found on all continents and they are serious sap sucking pests of many ornamental plants. These scale insects are undetectable due to their tiny size, basic morphology, and polyphagous feeding nature. Hence, the management of these tiny insects become a serious concern across the globe. To afford a prospective solution to the problem, an accurate, simple, and developmental-stage-independent identification method is required, hence this study attempted the molecular identification of scale insect in Hibiscus rosa-sinensis using mitochondrial gene Cytochrome Oxidase Subunit I (mtCOI) sequencing. The experiment was carried out by isolating insect DNA using a modified CTAB method. Through two or three rounds of error-prone PCR followed by a steady procedure to amplify a mtCOI region. This region of mtCOI has been used as a standard DNA barcode for a diverse array of taxa. The confirmation has been done by sequencing of mtCOI which suggest the highest similarities with Eulecanium giganteum. This study addresses the questions of biodiversity and molecular characterization of scale insects. Further, the information obtained in this study provides baseline data for future crop improvement programs and integrated pest management strategies.


Objective To investigate the efficacy of remifentanil-propofol-atracurium combined anesthesia for caesarean section. Methods Forty ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients, aged 24-30 yr, weighing 60-89 kg, at 38-41 week gestation, scheduled for elective cesarean section under general anesthesia, were studied. Remifentanil 1 μg/kg was slowly injected iv and then infused iv at a rate of 0.15 μg·kg-1·min-1 until the end of operation. Propofol 1.5 mg/kg and atracurium 0.6 mg/kg were injected in turn 30 s after remifentauil injection. Mechanical ventilation was performed after tracheal intubation. Atracurium 0.3 mg/kg was intermittently injected iv. Blood samples were taken from umbilical artery (UA) within 1 min after the delivery of the baby for blood gas analysis. Blood samples were simultaneously drawn from UA, umbilical vein (UV), and maternal artery (MA) for determination of plasma remitentanil concentrations (CUA, CUV and CMA) using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Systolic blood pressure (SP), diastolic blood pressure (DP), MAP and HR were monitored and recorded before intubation, at the time of inserting the catheter, at skin incision, and at the time of extubation. The analepsia time and satisfactory rate of patients were also recorded. The patient's awareness during operation was noted after operation. Apgar score was performed at 1, 5 and 10 min after the delivery of the newborn. The neonatal behavioral neurological assessment (NBNA) was conducted 1 and 24 h after the delivery of the baby. Results The hemodynamics was stable and varied within the normal range at each time point in all the patients. The analepsia time was (5±4) min and no awareness during operation occurred after postoperative follow-up. The pH value, PaCO2, PaO2 and SaO2 were in the normal range in the neonatal umbilical arterial blood samples. The neonatal Apgar scores at 1, 5 and 10 min after the delivery of the baby were more than 7. NBNA scores were normal. CUV, CUA and CMA were (0.65±0.14), (0.22±0.09) and (0.86±0.25) ng/ml respectively. CUV/CMA and CUA/CUV were 0.7±0.4 and 0.35±0.11 respectively. Conclusion The remifentanil-propofol-atracurium combined anesthesia can produce good anesthetic effect in the patients undergoing cesarean section, with high safety.

Key words:
Piperidinos;  Propofol;  Atracurium;  Cesarean section


The stress states of the nozzle in abrasive jet machining (AJM) process are analyzed. Results show that the maximum stress appears in entrance area of the nozzle and minimum stress in middle area, while the stress of exit area is lower than entrance area and higher than middle area. Blasting results reveal that the nozzle entry region always suffers form severe abrasive impact, and generates large tensile stress, which leads to an increased erosion wear at the nozzle entry area. The idea of functionally gradient material (FGM) theory is used to design ceramic nozzle. The design of composition distribution of the gradient ceramic nozzle is carried out with the aim of partial relaxation of the stress resulting from external loadings by residual thermal stress. Based on the design results, a SiC/(W,Ti)C gradient ceramic nozzle is produced. The erosion behavior of the SiC/(W,Ti)C gradient ceramic nozzle is investigated in comparison with the common ceramic nozzles. Results show that the SiC/(W,Ti)C gradient ceramic nozzles exhibit an apparent increase in erosion wear resistance over the common ceramic nozzles under the same test conditions.


Concidentally educator in chosed instruction model influence of communicate skill level and concept's mastery. Communicate skill and concept's mastery to training by instruction model appropriate would be accompany student for more significant instruction. The research for get a effective instruction model in increase communicate skill and concept's mastery to acid-based materials. Learning Cycle 3E model consist from 3 phase : Exploration, Explanation, Elaboration. Sample in research is students in senior high school state 1 pekalongan, Class XI sains one and XI sains four, even semester school year 20012-2013 have a same characteristics. The research is kuasi-experiment method with non equivalent pretest and posttest control group design. Effectiveness LC 3E measure and based on significant gain increase. The research indicated average value N-gain communicate skill. For control and experiment class each 0,55 and 0,66 and average N-gain concept's mastery for control and experiment class 0,53 and 0,65. Based on hypothesis test, know that class with LC 3E instruction have communicate skill and concept's mastery more high than class with convensional instruction. In this matter , indicated that LC 3E effective to increase communicate skill and concept's mastery.


Dear Editor, The term ectodermal dysplasias (EDs) refers to a heterogeneous group of rare congenital conditions affecting the normal development and/or homeostasis of two or more ectodermal derivatives including skin, teeth, hair, nails, and eccrine glands. Hypohidrotic ED is estimated to affect at least 1/5000 to 10 000 newborns. X-linked hypohidrotic ED (XLHED; OMIM 305100), is the most common subtype of EDs, with an incidence of 1/50 000 to 100 000 males. XLHED is characterized by a clinical triad of hypotrichosis, hypo-, oligoor anodontia, and hypoor anhidrosis. XLHED is associated with the EDA gene located at (Xq12-q13.1), leading to loss or dysfunction of the signaling protein EDA, a critical signaling unit involved in the interaction between the ectoderm and the mesoderm. The dominant (OMIM 129490) and recessive (OMIM 614941) subtypes involve the EDAR (2q13), and EDARADD (1q42.3) genes, respectively. Moreover, XLHED with immunodeficiency (XL-EDA-ID, OMIM 300291) is a primary immunodeficiency disease. This is due to the mutation of IKBKG that encodes NF-κB (nuclear factor-kappa B essential modulator). Mutations in this gene can cause others disorders, including incontinentia pigmenti (OMIM 308300) and hypohidrotic ED with immunodeficiency associated with osteopetrosis and lymphoedema (OMIM 300301). Clinical expressions of the disease are characterized by abnormal teeth, hypohidrosis, sparse hair, and the immunological defects of impaired antibody response to polysaccharides, hypogammaglobulinemia, and impaired natural killer cell cytotoxicity. Patients are susceptible to infections with pyogenic bacteria, mycobacteria, parasites, viruses, and fungi. The deficient development of other eccrine glands results in recurrent respiratory infections. The presence of abnormal cilia and glands explains the pooling of secretions in the nasal cavities. Allergic rhinitis often worsen nasal symptoms and predispose to sinonasal infections. In order to reduce the nasal symptoms and infections, it is necessary to humidify the environment where patients normally live and to periodically and gently remove nasal crusting. Nasal saline solutions and nasal douches with sodium bicarbonate have demonstrated to be helpful for the purpose, as well as, topical therapy with vaselinebased antibiotic ointments have been proposed when an acute infection occurs. Given the clinical problems in some patients with EDs and the emergence of SARS-CoV-2, a new corona virus, responsible for the pandemic named Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), which causes severe acute respiratory syndromes with a significant morbidity and mortality, it is essential to mention some recommendations for patients affected by EDs. First, social isolation can limit exposure to the contagion including relatives or associates living in the same home. Routine, nonurgent hospital visits should be postponed and telemedicine plays an important role in delivering clinical care. Hand washes and disinfection with 70% alcoholic solutions are part of the preventive measures when dealing with patients in dermatology. Enveloped viruses like SARS-CoV-2 respond better to ethanol than propanol. The addition of other antimicrobial compounds to 70% alcoholic hand disinfections does not increase efficacy but may increase the risk of irritant contact dermatitis. Alcoholic hand disinfectants preserve the epidermal barrier better than hand washes with soap. The use of facemasks may also be necessary. The global ED patient organizations came together in 2007 to form the International Ectodermal Dysplasia Network https://edinetwork.org/ providing a leading role in patient advice and support to ED patients and their families. The global registry of patients with EDs affected by COVID-19, their prognosis and clinical evolution will be necessary to study the presentation of the infection in patients who have this genetic condition and thus be able to establish management recommendations.


Experience has shown that the power consumption of wireless devices is often dominated by their communication patterns. Shannon's law suggests that the energy needed to transmit a fixed amount of information is convex with respect to the rate of the transmission. In other words, the energy required to transmit a packet can be reduced by transmitting the packet at a lower rate. Our approach uses this observation to dynamically vary the transmission power and rate of transmission on a per-packet basis to sustain the input traffic rate, thus saving transmit power over the naive scheme of sending packets at the maximum possible transmit rate. We call this Scheduled Power and Rate Adaptation or SPARTA in short. Previous approaches either adopted static Transmission Power Control or operate in power savings mode to conserve battery resources. We show by simulations that SPARTA achieves upto 50% power savings compared to other popular previous schemes for wireless LANs. We cannot, however, lower the transmission rate lower than the input rate. Doing so would result in building up of the queues leading to system instability. In SPARTA, we estimate the input traffic rate and choose the transmission rate as close to the input rate as possible. In general, it is not possible to predict the input traffic rate since it depends entirely on the set of applications that a user is running. We estimate the input traffic rate based on a lookahead buffer, that collects packets in an interval and schedule those packets at an optimal rate in the next interval in a pipelined fashion. This introduces a small delay into the overall latency of the TCP packets. By tuning the lookahead, one can control the amount of impact on the Round Trip Time of the TCP connection. We simulated an FTP transfer of 10MBytes from a mobile host to a server. Our results indicate that data could be transferred with 30% less power as compared to the case when data is transmitted at the highest possible power level. Further, by combining SPARTA with power savings schemes such as PSM and BSD, SPARTA consumes 50% less power than when there is no power management. Further, we also show that the time required to transmit the file is only 10% higher than the case when only PSM or BSD are enabled without SPARTA. This shows that our algorithm does not effect TCP throughput by a great amount. Also we show that by tuning the delay Lookahead value, one can trade-off energy for throughput. Higher values of the lookahead results in increased energy efficiency but also suffers from lower throughput. In multi-node scenarios, however, sending a packet arbitrarily slowly can cause overall loss in throughput. All the nodes use a distributed coordination algorithm (both in ad-hoc mode as well as in infrastructure mode) to estimate load on the network and transmit at a rate optimal for global throughput. More specifically, the nodes snoop on the wireless channel to record the transmission time of a packet from a particular node. This transmission time is used to estimate the load on the network assuming that all the nodes are well behaved. In the infrastructure mode, each node indicates to the base station its current load and in-turn obtains the total load on the network from the base station. This is factored in to calculate the appropriate transmission rate for this particular node to achieve power savings while being fair to other nodes. While this scheme has inefficiencies, (for example, it takes time for the distributed algorithm to converge to a final estimate, and during that time, some nodes might send more traffic than their fair share), it would still provide a reasonable estimate on the overall load on the network allowing each node to tune their transmission speeds to achieve power savings while not hurting overall throughput. SPARTA can be easily incrementally deployed in an existing network with non-conforming nodes already present. In the ad-hoc mode, the conforming nodes use a pseudo-header to indicate that they follow the protocol, whereby only the information from these nodes is used for the purposes of estimation of the overall load on the network. The rest of the nodes are appropriately extrapolated to factor in their load on the network. In the infrastructure mode, the base station can identify which nodes are conforming, depending on which suitable extrapolation can be used in the calculation of the overall load on the network.


Thrill-seekers are continuously searching for new ways to have an incredible time. For some wakeboarders, this means venturing out to the planet's harshest icy waters to push the boundaries of their sport. They aspire to jump off of icebergs at heights of 5m while being pulled behind a boat traveling up to speeds of 40 kph. These athletes have to be exceptionally accurate to execute their approaches safely and avoid injury while performing in chilling arctic waters of around 0°C. Riding in these frigid waters requires athletes to layer-up in full surfing wetsuits designed for temperatures of +8C. Currently, there are no wetsuits on the market that satisfy the thermoregulation needs for these athletes while providing proper protection to the chest, back, and legs when navigating the erratic elements of arctic waters. The wetsuit addresses these challenges by providing male wakeboarders an ultra-warm, impact protective wetsuit for arctic temperatures.


Recent experimental data on the negative correlation between forward energy and transverse energy, which have been reported for the interactions of 14.6A GeV $^{28}\mathrm{Si}$ with Al, Cu, Au, and Pb, 60A and 200A GeV $^{16}\mathrm{O}$ and $^{32}\mathrm{S}$ with S, Cu, Ag, and Au, are investigated by a model based on the description of geometrical properties of nucleus-nucleus collision processes. A parameter, ellipticity e, which might describe the conversion of initial energy into that of radiated final-state hadrons is proposed.


In this short note, we derive closed expressions for Cotes numbers in the weighted Newton- Cotes quadrature formulae with equidistant nodes in terms of moments and Stirling numbers of the first kind. Three types of equidistant nodes are considered. The corresponding program codes in Mathematica Package are presented. Finally, in order to illustrate the application of the obtained quadrature formulas a few numerical examples are included.


Today, globalization and information technology make more imperative to build competitive strategies that to emphasize to one business from another. In the case of the chilean houses industry, an alternative that is taking interest are those made of wood. In this work a business model innovation was presented applied to a case study in the wood products by design a strategic process that determined the most appropriate variables to create more competitive value strategies in the field of wood houses built. For this made research uses interviews and surveys as a tool to a population-based sample companies,


The condition of applying combination forecast method to electric power system short-term load forecast is discussed.In order to improve the precision of short-term load forecast,the coin-tegration theory of econometrics is applied in the research of short-term load forecast method and the real data are analyzed.The conclusion has been made that any forecast,used as a part of combination forecast,must cointegrate with the outcome.Otherwise,the precision of the combination forecast model is unpredictable.It is the necessary condition of applying combination forecast method to short-term load forecast.With a calculation example of the real forecasted data,the cointegration analysis and test methods are explained in detail.The applicable range of the conclusion is presented.


The family Ovulidae is represented by several species in Singapore (Lim, 1969; Way & Purchon, 1981; Wee & Ng, 1994; Goh et al., 1999; Fehse, 2002). Of the locally recorded Ovulidae members, only Cymbovula deflexa (see Cate, 1973) is of the genus Cymbovula, which is diagnosed by a broadly looped adapical canal and a well developed columella ridge (Cate, 1974). Cymbovula segaliana was originally described from Penang Island, Peninsular Malaysia and named in honour of Dr. Earl Segal. Its holotype is deposited into the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, USA (LACM 1770).


Encapsulation involves surrounding food ingredients, nutrients, enzymes, bacteria or drugs with a small capsule. You can encapsulate solids, liquids or gases. It is the process of applying coatings to nutrients or substances to control their interaction with a specific environment. It creates a barrier between the active ingredient and the environment. This barrier is not intended to last indefinitely. It is designed to protect the active ingredient and then release it. Coating thickness and composition can control the rate and time of release. This makes it possible to deliver a nutrient to a specific site in the gastrointestinal tract. The food industry uses encapsulation technology to mask odors and taste, prevent oxidation and prevent enzymatic and microbial degradation of nutrients. The pharmaceutical industry uses encapsulation to deliver drugs to specific sites in the gastrointestinal tract. In the last 6 years, encapsulation technology has begun to be used in the animal feed industry. The present paper will focus on the use of microencapsulation for vitamins, urea and polyunsaturated fatty acids. Use of encapsulated ingredients in animal nutrition will be reviewed with emphasis on animal performance.


Objective:To investigate the change of cisterna ambiens with severe craniocerebral trauma and its clinical significance. Methods:According to the CT finding of 178 cases,the relationship between the change of cisterna ambiens and the clinical results were analyzed. Results:Type Ⅰ:2 cases died in the 26 patients with unchange of cisterna ambiens;TypeⅡ:7 cases died in the 58 patients with part stenosis of cisterna ambiens;Type Ⅲ:18 cases died in the 50 patients with part occlusion of cisterna ambiens;Type Ⅳ:30 cases died in the 44 patients with complete occlusion of cisterna ambiens. 20 died in the 114 patients with decreased compression of cisterna ambiens;37 died in the 64 patients with unchanged or increased compression. Conclusion:The change of cisterna ambiens is of significant for treatment and prognosis,so it is necessary to observe the dynamic change of cisterna ambiens,for treating truly and estimating prognosis right.


essay emphasizing how in the Western Sudan, the closing down of first the Atlantic trade and then later the decline of North African markets caused a fall in market prices and led to the absorption of more slaves in the local economy. His interesting data on slave populations, the number of traded slaves, their origins, and their destinations are mostly for the period from the 1880s to the First World War. Ann McDougall discusses slaves and salt production and distribution in late nineteenthcentury western Sudan, while Beverly Mack emphasizes the importance of women in the northbound slave trade from Hausaland (and argues convincingly that the jihad had severe negative consequences for many women, slave and non-slave alike, in that region). The Mack essay and Abdullahi Mahdi's on the aftermath of the jihad as a contributor to the transSaharan slave supply complement each other. Two other complementary essays are Douglas Johnson's on private slave armies in the southern Sudan, and Gerard Prunier's on military slavery in the period 1820—85. During this time recruitment of black slaves for the Egyptian army was first a military necessity and then an embarrassment, ultimately discontinued after the strangling of supply by the Mahdist revolt. Robert Collins' 'Nilotic slave trade: past and present', focuses on slavery and slave acquisition in the southern Sudan. A short mention in this essay of how the 'low reproductive rate of the Baqqara, especially, was an important dynamic for them to seize the more fertile Dinka women' (p. 156) provoked this non-demographer reviewer to wonder whether reality ever lies behind myths of differing degrees of female fecundity among ethnic groups. John Wright contributes a specific study of the Wadai-to-Benghazi slave route, the practicality of which benefited from the control imposed by the SanusT Suff from the 1840s. It was not easy for European or Turkish authorities to keep this route under surveillance, contributing to its rise in importance during the nineteenth century. Daniel Schroeter's essay on the slave trade to Morocco is an important contribution. It argues that historians have underestimated the number of slaves coming to Morocco, principally to Marrakesh, while at the same time overestimating their monetary value. Schroeter suggests that the numbers involved are eight to 14 times higher than previous calculations. Ralph Austen continues his valuable attempts at a tentative census of the number of slaves taken from Africa by Muslims. His calculations point to radical volatility in the trade, due mainly to changing conditions of supply. (He does not, incidentally, utilize Schroeter's figures for Morocco.) Austen extends his census of the trade to provide preliminary information for slaves employed in agriculture, mining and political/military activity in the receiving areas. The final essay is another installment of Joseph Miller's slavery bibliographies, this one containing items on Muslim slavery and slaving published since 1900. Miller's huge commitment of time to these very complete bibliographies is again apparent. His effort is a fitting conclusion to a valuable volume that extends our knowledge of the trans-Saharan slave trade and the conditions surrounding it.


The need for a research to immobilize experimental dogs led to the development of an immobilization sling. Directions for its use and construction data are provided because of the numerous requests received for information on the University of Kentucky College of Dentistry's method of handling dogs for dental research.


We present the case of an adult patient with a malignant goiter, treated in our center, where airway management is performed by an awake intubation technique with sedation. The patient, with great compromise and deviation from the midline of the airway, was managed with a High-Flow Nasal Cannula (CNAF) during its manipulation, helping to avoid desaturation events during the intubation procedure, associated with the administration of monitored sedation.


ABSTRACT Mucolipidosis type IV (MLIV) is a lysosomal disease caused by mutations in the MCOLN1 gene that encodes the endolysosomal transient receptor potential channel mucolipin-1, or TRPML1. MLIV results in developmental delay, motor and cognitive impairments, and vision loss. Brain abnormalities include thinning and malformation of the corpus callosum, white-matter abnormalities, accumulation of undegraded intracellular 'storage' material and cerebellar atrophy in older patients. Identification of the early events in the MLIV course is key to understanding the disease and deploying therapies. The Mcoln1−/− mouse model reproduces all major aspects of the human disease. We have previously reported hypomyelination in the MLIV mouse brain. Here, we investigated the onset of hypomyelination and compared oligodendrocyte maturation between the cortex/forebrain and cerebellum. We found significant delays in expression of mature oligodendrocyte markers Mag, Mbp and Mobp in the Mcoln1−/− cortex, manifesting as early as 10 days after birth and persisting later in life. Such delays were less pronounced in the cerebellum. Despite our previous finding of diminished accumulation of the ferritin-bound iron in the Mcoln1−/− brain, we report no significant changes in expression of the cytosolic iron reporters, suggesting that iron-handling deficits in MLIV occur in the lysosomes and do not involve broad iron deficiency. These data demonstrate very early deficits of oligodendrocyte maturation and critical regional differences in myelination between the forebrain and cerebellum in the mouse model of MLIV. Furthermore, they establish quantitative readouts of the MLIV impact on early brain development, useful to gauge efficacy in pre-clinical trials. Summary: We show that loss of the lysosomal channel TRPML1, responsible for mucolipidosis IV, leads to delayed maturation of oligodendrocytes in early postnatal development, resulting in brain hypomyelination.


numerous varieties of Lilacs have been produced by hybridization and selection by Lemoine in France. These hybrids are for the most part confined to crosses within the species Syringa vulgaris. Hybrids cannot be made between the Villosae and Vulgares Lilacs and neither of these groups will cross with the Tree Lilacs. Within the Vulgares group hybrids are known between S. vulgaris and S. oblata and between S. persica and S. vulgaris. The latter hybrid, S. chinensis, first originated spontaneously but was subsequently produced by crossing the parental species. Rhododendron hybrids were produced for the most part by English plant breeders, although many crosses between species have occurred spontaneously in cultivation. The best known varieties of Rhododendron have been produced by crossing the American R. catavvbiense with European or Asiatic species. Most of the species of Rhododendrons are interfertile and in some cases hybrids have been made between the true Rhododendrons and the Azaleas.


The tang, crunch and sweet and sour tastes of this green paw paw salad makes it the perfect side dish or a meal in its own right.


Experimental results are presented which suggest the possibility of constructing a D-/sup 3/He-based thruster on the basis of a Filippov-type plasma focus facility operating in the high-current gaseous discharge regime characterized by the following features: (i) cyclical self-production of a target pre-fusion plasma-in the central part of the plasma focus produced a closed, spheromak-like magnetic configuration (SLMC), (ii) the residual magnetic field of the plasma focus discharge further compresses the SLMC-trapped plasma-the plasma focus spheromak (PFS)-to ignition conditions and pushes it out of the burning chamber toward a propellant supplied nozzle.


This research focuses on the process of technology transfer from universities, as inventors of technologies, to companies, as users of them. It examines the mechanisms of technology transfer, the methods of establishing contact, incentives and barriers to technology transfer, the criteria used for evaluating the success of technology transfer, and the role of intermediary organizations. Additionally, company size is considered as it affects barriers and incentives for technology transfer and the criteria for evaluating success. The information obtained from 15 firms and 3 intermediary organizations in Iran indicate that, in addition to the initiatives taken by professors or companies to contact each other, intermediary organizations (including consortia and internship centers) and university units (including the liaison office and research centers) facilitate these contacts. From the perspective of companies, the major incentive for companies in transferring technology from universities was improving product quality. The ignorance of faculty members in understanding practical problems and the real world situation was a major barrier in the process of transferring technology. Some barriers and incentives were also found to be specific to the size of companies. Finally, gaining competitive advantage over competitors was the most important criterion that was used by companies to measure the success of transfer. This study produced a number of recommendations that will improve the technology transfer process.


Objective: To assess the imaging finding of CT and MRI in intradiploic meningioma of skull. Methods: The clinical symptoms, pathological type and imaging finding of two cases were analyzed. Results: One of the intradiploic meningioma was located in the frontal temporal bone and the pathological type was clear cell meningioma. Its imaging finding of CT showed osteogenic destruction and the skull was thicken, edge is coarse. Another was located in parietal bone and the pathological type was Epithelial type. Its imageology was lytic bone destruction and T1 WI showed low signal or equisignal intensity, T2 WI was equisignal intensity. The signal of enhance scan improved significantly. Conclusion: CT and MRI can play an important role in diagnosing intradiploic meningioma. The size and surroundings of tumor can show by them accurately.


In this paper we consider general orientation preserving circle homeomorphisms f ∈ C2+ε(S1∈{a(0), c(0)}), ε > 0, with an irrational rotation number ρf and two break points a(0), c(0). Denote by ( : ) ( ) ( ) b f b b Df x x Df x σ + − = , xb = a(0), c(0), the jump ratios of f at the two break points and by σf:= σf (a(0)) ∈ σf(c(0)) its total jump ratio. Let h be a piecewise-linear (PL) circle homeomorphism with two break points a0, c0, irrational rotation number ρh and total jump ratio σh = 1. M. Herman's showed, that the invariant measure μh is absolutely continuous if the two break points belong to the same orbit. We extend Herman's result for the above class of piecewise C2+ε-circle maps f with irrational rotation number ρf and two break points b(1), b(2) not lying on the same orbit with total jump ratio σf = 1 as follows: if μf denotes the invariant measure of the P-homeomorphism f and ( ) ( ) 1 2 ([ ]) , 1 f b b β μ β = + , then for almost all β the measure μf is singular with respect to Lebesgue measure.


[Extract] The emerging mathematical methods developed from fractional calculus are worth immediate attention in marine and coastal sciences.

The term "anomalous diffusion" refers to the mechanisms described by a fractional differential equation (FDE) or fractional partial differential equation (FPDE) compared to the processes described by the classic diffusion equation which is regarded as the "normal" diffusion [10, 16]. The recent advances in many fields have demonstrated that the anomalous process is universal, which implies that coastal processes are also anomalous.


Estrogen Receptor‐α (ER‐α) is a nuclear hormone receptor that has become an important therapeutic target for tissue‐specific inhibitors. It has been suggested that the dynamics and conformations of the helix 12 (H12) region of the ERα ligand binding domain (LBD) are affected by ligand and coregulator binding. In agonist form, H12 is stabilized by folding over the binding pocket, forming a surface where coregulators bind. Antagonists disrupt this folding, inhibiting the coregulator binding that is necessary for ER‐α to carry out its downstream effects. Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) show tissue‐selective anti‐estrogenic activity. It has been suggested that SERMs partially disrupt coactivator binding by displacing H12. To investigate this possibility, H12 was spin‐labeled at residue 543 and at residue 530 in the H12 hinge. Changes in structure induced by binding a series of agonist to antagonist ligands and coregulator peptide SRC1 were observed by measuring interspin distances using double electron‐electron resonance (DEER). DEER showed that ligand binding induces dynamic changes that directly correlate with the ligand's biological activity. These results demonstrate the importance of characterizing receptor‐ligand dynamics that are unavailable from standard structural methods.


We have investigated the critical behavior of the antiperovskite ferromagnetic AlCMn3 by bulk magnetization study.Thecriticalexponents(β, γ,andδ)havebeenobtainedbydifferentmethods,suchasamodifiedArrottplot, the Kouvel-Fisher method, and critical isotherm analysis. With these critical exponents, the experimental M-T-H relations below and above Curie temperature collapse into two universal branches, fulfilling the single scaling equation m = f±(h),where mand harerenormalizedmagnetizationandfield,respectively.Thecriticalexponents are confirmed by the Widom scaling law δ = 1 + γβ −1 . Apart from a slight increase in β and γ, the deduced critical exponents are very close to the theoretical values of the mean-field model, indicating the existence of a long-range ferromagnetic interaction. In addition, the exchange distance is obtained as J(r) ∼ r −4.7 . We suggest that the competition between the localized Mn-Mn magnetic interaction and itinerant Mn-C hybridization should be responsible for the critical behavior in this system.


Background: There has been an upsurge in the number of multiple pregnancies with its attributability to increasing use of artificial reproductive techniques. To study clinical outcome of post IVF triplet pregnancy reduced to twin pregnancies   compared to those without triplet reduction.Methods: Hospital designed comparative study. 31 subjects were studied for comparative study design with triplets obtained after infertility treatment (assisted post-IVF). Out of 31, 15 subjects were expectantly managed who refused reduction while 16 subjects chose reduction to twins. Outcomes like prematurity, complications in neonate, birth weight discordance, neonatal mortality and maternal complications were studied.Results: The fetal (triplet) reduction group was associated with significant (p<0.002) higher neonatal birth weight as compared to non-reduced group. The fetal reduction group had significantly lower incidence of prematurity and neonatal complications like hyperbilirubinemia, respiratory distress syndrome and neonatal sepsis. The maternal complications were also higher in nonreduced in terms of PPROM, gestational hypertension, gestational diabetes mellitus, intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy and gestational hypertension.Conclusions: It is indicated that the reduction of triplet to twins is effective considering more complications with non-reduced group and hence reduction improves favorable pregnancy outcomes.


Paramagnetic YIG(Sc, La) films are proposed to monochromatize synchrotron radiation by nuclear diffraction. It is shown that these films can be made with high-quality and large sizes. Theoretical calculations of the expected time response show a high reflectivity and a simple time structure.


The simulated temperature and precipitation by PRECIS model for nearest grid points were compared with the observed data of Anand (22.58 °N, 72.92 °E) during baseline period (1960–1990) to judge the usability of the simulated climate data. It was found that the simulation of rainfall events by model were fairly accurate only for July with overall agreement index value of 0.79 with considerably high values of difference measures. PRECIS showed average performance in simulation of maximum temperature with overall agreement index value of 0.81. The error statistics and difference measures were average except January, February and July months for maximum temperature. The simulation performance of PRECIS for all months of the year and overall performance (with index of agreement 'd'=0.96, r2=0.85, RMSE=2.36 and CV%=11.74%) was found excellent in case of minimum temperature prediction for the baseline period (1961-1990). Though, minimum temperature was slightly overestimated for February to May months.


We demonstrate a novel algorithm for removing adverse effects of motion in distributed strain measurements via Optical Frequency Domain Reflectometry (OFDR), using Rayleigh backscatter from low-bend loss fiber as the transducer. Vibration amplitudes and frequencies of 2.5 Gs and up to 50 Hz, respectively, were corrected for in real-time while measuring up to 10,000 microstrain. Results show 99.3% recovery of motion-affected strain data while maintaining 0.3% accuracy and 5 mm spatial resolution. Measurement acquisition rates were 23.8 Hz and 100 Hz. These results demonstrate that OFDR may be used in dynamic environments to provide accurate and high-resolution, distributed strain measurements.


President of the Office of Competition and Consumer Protection (Prezydent Urzedu Ochrony Konkurencji i Konsumentow), September 21st, 2005, Decision n° RPZ-28/2005 concerning the bid rigging between…


Carbon-13 n.m.r. shielding constants of isobutene molecules and t-butyl carbenium ions are calculated using the NDDO quantum chemical approximations. The theoretical resonance shifts between corresponding nuclei of the two structures are compared with experimental values published by Olah et al. The results are discussed with respect to excitation energies which are obtained including Fischer-Kollmar-parametrization.


This paper extends a method for integrating source-code model checking with dynamic system analysis to verify properties of controllers for nonlinear dynamic systems. Source-code model checking verifies the correctness of control systems including features that are introduced by the software implementation, such as concurrency and task interleaving. Sets of reachable continuous states are computed using numerical simulation and bisimulation functions. The technique as originally proposed handles stable dynamic systems with affine state equations for which quadratic bisimulation functions can be computed easily. The extension in this paper handles nonlinear systems with polynomial state equations for which bisimulation functions can be computed in some cases using sum-of-squares (SoS) techniques. The paper presents the convex optimizations required to perform control system verification using a source-code model checker, and the method is illustrated for an example of a supervisory control system.


Since the 1960s, metaphysics has flourished in Anglo-American philosophy. Far from wanting to avoid metaphysics, philosophers have embraced it in droves. There have been critics, to be sure; but the criticisms have received answers and the enterprise has carried on.


Many content distribution technologies have been proposed with the development of Internet such as cache. To distribute bulk video and audio data, content distribution network has been proposed, and now peer to peer technology is guiding a new Internet age. Though it is very convenient to distribute large-scale content to long distance subscribers by broadcasting in hybrid fiber coaxial network, there are some limitations such as asymmetric uplink and downlink bandwidth and no differentiated service. Both Internet and HFC networks have some disadvantages in digital content distribution. In this paper, we combine the distribution technologies in HFC and Ethernet networks. We also cover CDN and new peer to peer technologies to our HFC broadcasting network. The results of our project show that the new distribution architectures significantly improve the efficiency and scalability


In the process of the deformation monitoring for large-scale structure, the mobile vision method is often used. However, most of the existent researches rarely consider the real-time property and the variation of the intrinsic parameters. This paper proposes a realtime deformation monitoring method for the large-scale structure based on a relay camera. First, we achieve the real-time poseposition relationship by using the relay camera and the coded mark points whose coordinates are known. The real-time extrinsic parameters of the measuring camera are then solved according to the constraint relationship between the relay camera and the measuring camera. Second, the real-time intrinsic parameters of the measuring camera are calculated based on the realtime constraint relationship among the extrinsic parameters, the intrinsic parameters, and the fundamental matrix. Finally, the coordinates of the noncoded measured mark points, which are affixed to the surface of the structure, are achieved. Experimental results show that the accuracy of the proposed method is higher than 1.8mm. Besides, the proposed method also possesses the real-time and automation property.


A theoretical background is developed to explain in detail the link between the modular tensor category Z(VecG) and the representation category of a quasitriangular quasi Hopf algebra D G. Using this link, a classification of the simple objects in Z(VecG) and formulas for the modular data of Z(VecG) are carefully derived. Then, code is written in GAP to produce the modular data of Z(VecG), givenω and G. This is used to create a database of modular data for the Drinfeld doubles of pointed fusion categories with dimension less than 47. This database as well as GAP code accompanying it can be found at https://tqft.net/web/research/ students/AngusGruen. For a basic example of how this database might be used, we briefly analyse patterns in the ranks of Z(VecG) as |G| varies and produce lower bounds for the number of Morita equivalence classes of pointed fusion categories of a given dimension less than 47. For dimensions below 32, these lower bounds agree with the lower bounds published by Mignard and Schauenburg in [1]. At dimension 32 we improve upon the published lower bound and for dimensions 33 through 47 we present the first set of lower bounds on the number of Morita equivalence classes of pointed fusion categories at each dimension.


The present study aims to analyze the causative factors which are responsible for the use of a stimulant drug methamphetamine which is commonly known as ice. For this purpose, data were collected from the two districts, i.e. Peshawar and Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. A conceptual framework consists of Independent variable (ice use frequency) and dependent variables (risk factors). Data was collected through a structured questionnaire from a sample of 180 ice users by a snowball sampling technique. A Chi-square test was applied to examine the association between independent and dependent variables. The results reveal that a significant (p=0.05) association was found between various risk factors, i.e. easy availability, friends insistence, try out new experiences/curiosity, and use of ice for exam preparation with frequent use of ice. The study recommends that awareness may be created through educational, religious institution and media for the prevention and rehabilitation of ice addiction.


PURPOSE: A siRNA multi-conjugate and a method for preparing the same are provided to ensure simple reaction and high efficiency and to enhance gene transfer effieciency. CONSTITUTION: A siRNA multi-conjugate is connected by covalent bond mediated by cross-linking agent or polymer or directly by double stranded sense/antisense siRNA monomer. The siRNA multi-conjugate has a structural formula 1((-X-)n). A method for preparing the siRNA multi-conjugate comprises: a step of preparing yXy by complementary hydrogen bond of single stranded sense/antisense siRNA monomer(yx + x'y); and a step of performing covalent bond of yXy by cross-linking agent or polymer.


This study aimed to investigate the effect of feeding three types of insect meal on broilers' performance and selected gut health parameters. Day-old straight-run Ross 308 broilers (n=600) were group housed in 24 pens and fed diets containing 10% of either Tenebrio molitor (yellow mealworm, YMW), defatted Hermetia illucens (black soldier fly, BSF) or Alphitobius diaperinus (lesser mealworm, LMW), or a control (CTRL) diet for 35 days. Feed intake and gain were recorded at days 14, 28 and 35. On day 13, four broilers from each pen were placed in metabolic cages to determine apparent total tract digestibility after adaptation to 100% of one of three types of insect meal. Birds were killed, and intestinal content was collected on days 22 and 36 for determination of pH, selected groups of intestinal bacteria and short chain fatty acids (SCFA). Footpad lesions were scored on day 36. Birds fed LMW and YMW ate less than birds fed BSF or CTRL, but feed conversion ratio (FCR) was improved when birds were fed LMW. Dry matter digestibility was similar among insects, but differences were observed in ash and fat digestibility and nitrogen retention in which the BSF meal gave the highest digestibility of these nutrients. Birds fed any type of insect meal diet had higher levels of Clostridium perfringens in caecal and ileal digesta. Footpad dermatitis severity was similar between CTRL and insect-supplemented diets. Total SCFA levels as well as butyrate in digesta of birds fed BSF was lower than the levels of these SCFA in the other treatments. The propionate concentrations in caecal and ileal digesta were high for all diets containing insect meal. In conclusion, gain was maintained when feeding BSF but not LMW and YMW due to lower feed intake. Insect meal did not affect indicators of broilers' gut health.


This report summarises findings from a recent online survey conducted with over 300 international travellers to Cambodia, Lao PDR, Thailand and Vietnam (collectively referred to in this report as 'the Region'). The survey was conducted to better grasp the sorts of interactions tourists have with children in these countries and to gauge their perceptions of these interactions and of child safe tourism in general. The survey findings show: 1


Rationale: Deficiencies exist in the communication of prognosis for patients requiring prolonged mechanical ventilation (PMV) from COVID-19 pneumonia, in part because of clinician uncertainty about the natural history of disease and observational cohort studies with variable outcomes. In order to address this gap for PMV patients, we developed a modified clinical prediction model based on the ProVent-14 model to predict in-hospital mortality for patients receiving at least 14 days of mechanical ventilation for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) from COVID-19. Methods: We evaluated 107 patients with COVID-19 requiring PMV (at least 14 days of mechanical ventilation (MV)) at 2 tertiary care medical centers in the US in a retrospective observational cohort study. On day 14 of MV, we collected data for the original ProVent-14 variables (age, platelet count, requirement for vasopressors, non-trauma admission, and dialysis requirement). We also collected data for 2 other potential predictor variables (extra-corporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) on day 14 and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio). Model Development: Logistic regression models were used to evaluate the performance of the ProVent-14 variables with the outcome inhospital mortality. We then assessed successive models adding variable combinations including requirement of ECMO and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio on day 14 to predict inhospital mortality. We assessed discrimination of the models by measuring the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). We assessed calibration by the Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness of fit statistic. Results: The AUC for the model using original Provent-14 variables was 0.78 (trauma omitted for N=1). The most parsimonious model using the additional variables includes risk factors age 50-64 and ≥65;platelet count <100, and requirement for vasopressors, renal replacement or ECMO on day 14 of MV. The area under the curve for this model is 0.83. Calibration for the modified parsimonious model is provided in the table below (Goodness-of-fit statistic p=0.80). Dichotomized neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio on day 14 (N:L>15) improves the model slightly AUC=0.83, Goodness-of-fit p=0.61, though this variable was available for only 60% of the cohort. Conclusion: A modified clinical prediction model based on the previously validated ProVent-14 model is a simple method to accurately identify patients with ARDS from COVID-19 requiring PMV who are at high risk of in-hospital mortality. Further validation of model performance in a larger population and including long-term survival is warranted.


CO oxidation over gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) supported on magnesium oxide and magnesium hydroxide was studied at 30oC during 15 h. Gold (~2.6 wt.%) was supported by deposition precipitation on commercial magnesia followed by thermal treatment of selected samples in hydrogen or in oxygen at different temperatures: 350 or 500°C. The formation of Au NPs during the phase transition of Mg(OH)2 to MgO under either reduction or oxidation was monitored by in situ UV-Visible spectroscopy, online mass analysis and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The Mg(OH)2 to MgO phase transition led to the decapsulation of ∼30% of the gold that had been encapsulated by the Mg(OH)2species during gold deposition from aqueous solution on MgO. The initial activity on CO oxidation was similar for Au NPs supported either on Mg(OH)2 or on MgO, and was practically independent the type of redox pre-treatment. In turn, the catalytic activity decay with reaction time strongly depended on the type of redox pre-treatment, pre-oxidised catalysts being more stable than pre-reduced ones. It was suggested that sample pre-treatment affects activity decay via change of the CO2-catalyst interaction.


Botrytis leaf blight (BLB) is a fungal disease that occurs in many of the onion growing areas of the world. The causal organism, Botrytis squamosa, causes leaf spots (lesions) and maceration of leaf tissue resulting in leaf dieback and blighting. The lesions are whitish in color, from 1-5mm in length , and most are surrounded by greenish-white halos that appear watersoaked when first formed (Fig . 1) . The centers of the lesions usually become sunken, straw colored , and may develop a characteristic slit that is oriented lengthwise in the lesion (Fig. 2). Older onion leaves are more susceptible than younger leaves to lesion formation and blighting. Figures 3 and 4 show seriously infected onion leaves. Under favorable environmental conditions (high rainfall, extended periods of leaf wetness, high relative humidity, and moderately warm temperatures 50 F-75 F), BLB can result in reduced onion bulb growth and yield. Severely infected fields often take on a yellowish cast as the result of coalescing lesions and tip dieback. Figure 5 shows the contrast between a heavily infected field on the left and a field with a low level of BLB on the right. BLB should not be confused with several other problems: (1) Botrytis leaf fleck caused by Botrytis cinerea . This disease is characterized by small superficial flecks on onion leaves. (2) Ozone injury, typified by irregular areas with tiny necrotic flecks that lack watersoaked margins. {3) Leaf tip dieback {often called blast) caused by hot and dry weather, water stress, other factors, or combinations of factors. {4) Rain and hail injury {Fig. 6) resulting in pale green to silvery spots and bruises that are irregular in size and shape. {5) Injury from foliar applied herbicides that cause pock marks {Fig. 7).


In an illustrated embodiment an array of ultrasonic transducer elements is combined into a first transmitting surface to emit a first transmit signal, and then in alternation with blanking intervals is combined into receiving surfaces of progressively increased size for the reception of echo signals and for constructing a first image line of a first partial image. A second transmitting surface of lesser size then emits a transmit signal and further combinations of transducer elements are activated during time intervals thereafter which correspond to the blanking intervals of the first image line. Such sequential lines may form a composite line on a visual display. A planar array of transducer elements may have its successive receiving surfaces of varying size electronically focused either in the scan direction or in the layer thickness direction, or the array can have mechanical curvature to provide a desired focus in the layer direction. A circuit arrangement is preferred which simplifies the control of switching and minimizes the number of electronic focusing channels while still achieving a relatively high image frequency.


Introduction: Criticism after Postcoloniality3Pt. 1Rationalities21Ch. 1Colonial Governmentality23Ch. 2Religion in Colonial Civil Society53Ch. 3The Government of Freedom70Pt. 2Histories91Ch. 4Dehistoricizing History93Ch. 5"An Obscure Miracle of Connection"106Pt. 3Futures129Ch. 6The Aftermaths of Sovereignty131Ch. 7Community, Number and the Ethos of Democracy158Ch. 8Fanonian Futures?190Coda: After Bandung: From the Politics of Colonial Representation to a Theory of Postcolonial Politics221Acknowledgements225Index227


Turbulent cavitation, particularly in the inception and sheet to cloud transition regimes, presents formidable challenges to both controlled experimentation and high-fidelity simulations. Cavitating flows are of great practical interest since the highly unsteady flow can induce significant fluctuations in the thrust and torque of marine propellers, while the violent collapse of vapour clouds can cause material damage to the blades. We describe a study of sheet to cloud transition over a wedge by collaborative experiments performed at the University of Michigan and large-eddy simulation performed at the University of Minnesota. Observations of partial cavitation forming on the apex of a wedge was studied both experimentally and with numerical simulations. High-speed visualization and time resolved X-ray densitometry measurements were employed to examine the cavity dynamics, including the time resolve void fraction fields within the cavity, as described by Ganesh (2015) and Ganesh et al. (2016). Both UNRANS and LES were used to compute the cavity flow. The LES uses a novel numerical method developed by Gnanaskandan and Mahesh (2015); the homogeneous mixture model represents the multiphase mixture, a characteristic based filtering captures discontinuities and a dynamic Smagorinsky model represents small-scale turbulence. The paper will elaborate on details of the experiment, simulations, and their comparison. It will then outline the challenges posed in the validation and make recommendations for future experimental measurements that are essential in developing the reliable computational prediction of cavitating flows. STO-MP-AVT-246 9 1 PUBLIC RELEASE PUBLIC RELEASE Challenges in the Experimental Measurement and High-Fidelity Simulation of Turbulent Cavitation 1.0 BACKGROUND Cavitation can occur when the pressure in a liquid falls below the vapour pressure as a result of hydrodynamically or acoustically generated pressure fields. In many practical instances, vapour forms when small bubbles (i.e. nuclei) are present in a region of low or negative pressure (i.e. tension) and rapidly grow. If such vapour bubbles are then exposed to a recovering pressure, they can collapse violently. This leads to the production of strong noise emission, and the creation of shock waves and mechanical impulses at nearby flow boundaries. Cavitation has been associated with a variety of flow mechanisms that lead to steady or unsteady reductions in the fluid pressure. Turbulent flows are associated with regions of coherent vorticity and strong unsteady pressure fluctuations, and these flows can exhibit complex cavitating behaviour. Both wall bounded and free shear flows can cavitate. Under incipient conditions, the number and frequency of cavitating nuclei are few. But, as the cavitation number is reduced, the likelihood that regions of tension form in the turbulent flow increases, and the cores of the low-pressure vortices may begin to fill with vapour. Prediction of incipient and developed cavitating turbulent flows remains a challenge. A key reason for the limited success to-date is that the onset of cavitation involves non-linear and often explosive interactions between free-stream and/or surface nuclei and unsteady pressure fields. Consequently, prediction of the conditions cavitation inception and development as well as the physical mechanisms associated with the creation of noise and pressure impulses requires quantitative understanding of the pressure field of the flow, which is spatially inhomogeneous for most flows of naval interest, and in the case of turbulent flows, unsteady and scale dependent. The so-called "water quality", which encompasses the nature, as well as the spatial and size distribution of free stream nuclei, along with the dissolved gas content, and surface tension is also an important factor, especially for incipient cavitation. These underlying physical processes can vary substantially for similar flows that span wide range of Reynolds numbers. Moreover, inception is often associated with the smallest (e.g. secondary) unsteady flow features that can be difficult to resolve in simulation across of wide range of Reynolds numbers. Computation of cavitating flows is particularly challenging, especially for high Reynolds number turbulent flows. Steady–state RANS has traditionally been the simplest turbulence model and has been used to predict steady state quantities like cavity length and pressure. Unsteady RANS (URANS) has been successfully used in predicting some quantities in unsteady cavitation. For example, URANS predicts cloud-shedding frequency in sheet to cloud cavitation transition to a reasonable accuracy. However, even URANS does not predict all unsteady quantities and LES can potentially be used as a predictive tool in unsteady cavitation problems (Mahesh et al., 2015). In the present study, the authors experimentally examine and numerically compute a particular turbulent cavitating flow: partial cavitation. Partial cavitation occurs when the low-pressure regions produced by separated shear flows are filled with vapour, forming a cavity. Flow scenarios exhibiting partial cavitation are separated shear layers on the suction side of lifting surfaces at high attack angles, blades of turbo machinery, inducers of cryogenic rocket motors, and the passages of a diesel fuel injectors. Once formed, partial cavities can be stable, with a nominally constant length. But, partial cavities can also undergo auto oscillations of cavity length that are characterised by the shedding of vapour clouds, termed as cloud cavitation. The length of oscillation can be intermittent or periodic. Moreover, the presence of cloud cavitation can lead to unsteady loading, pressure pulsations, erosion, and severe degradation of system performance. The authors and their collaborators developed a canonical geometry to study the formation and dynamics of a nominally two-dimensional partial cavity forming at the apex of a wedge. The experiments and computations were conducted simultaneously and jointly, and the preliminary results of each effort informed the other. Both Challenges in the Experimental Measurement and High-Fidelity Simulation of Turbulent Cavitation 9 2 STO-MP-AVT-246 PUBLIC RELEASE


hospital accommodation of London ; that there can be no immediate hurry to come to a decision, seeing that the evidence upon which the present action was taken was largely that given before the Lords Committee in 1890 ; that in connection with another hospital upwards of 150 years old, where Professor Sims Woodhead recently found micro-organisms present in the wards, ventilators, walls, and floors, Professor Woodhead expressed no surprise, because hospitals built at the date of St. Bartholomew's con-


With their dipole‐forbidden 4f transitions, lanthanides doped in nanoparticles promise high excited state lifetimes and quantum yields that are required for applications such as composite lasers or nanoscale quantum memories. Quenching at the nanoparticle surface, however, severely reduces the lifetime and quantum yield and requires resource‐consuming experimental optimization that could not be replaced by simulations due to the limitations of existing approaches until now. Here, a versatile approach is presented that fully accounts for spatiotemporal dynamics and reliably predicts the lifetimes and quantum yields of lanthanide nanoparticles. LiYF4:Pr3+nanoparticles are synthesized as a model system, and the lifetimes of a concentration series (≈10 nm, 0.7−1.47 at%) are used to match the model parameters to the experimental conditions. Employing these parameters, the lifetimes and quantum yields of a size series (≈5 at%, 12−21 nm) are predicted with a maximum uncertainty of 12.6%. To demonstrate the potential of the model, a neutral shell is added around the core particles in the model which extends the lifetime by up to 44%. Furthermore, spatiotemporal analysis of single nanoparticles points toward a new type of energy trapping in lanthanide nanoparticles. Consequently, the numerical optimization brings applications such as efficient nanoparticle lasers or quantum memories within reach.


In our study we investigated the influence of dopamine (DA) on the caudal photoreceptor (CPR) in crayfish. Here we report the following: (a) the chromatographic determination of DA in the sixth abdominal ganglion (6th AG) shows a variation in the content during a 24‐h cycle with the maximum value at dawn. (b) There are possibly dopaminergic neurons in the 6th AG with antityrosine hydroxylase antibodies. Immunopositive neurons (164) were located in the anterior and posterior regions of the 6th AG with the mean (± SE) diameter of their somata 23 ± 1 μm. In addition, there is immunopositive staining in axons, neuropilar fibers, and varicosities. (c) We also identified, using immunohistochemistry, 108 neurons in the sixth AG that contain dopamine D1‐like receptors, with the mean (±SE) diameter of their somata 18 ± 1 μm. (d) We examined the exogenous action of DA on the electrical activity of the CPR in the isolated sixth AG by conventional extracellular‐recording methods. This CPR displays spontaneous activity and phasic‐tonic responses to light pulses. Topical application of dopamine to ganglia kept in the dark increased the spontaneous firing rate of the CPR, whereas the photoresponse of the CPR remained unchanged. The effect on the spontaneous activity is dose‐dependent with an ED50 of 33 μM, and is blocked by the dopamine D1‐like antagonist SCH23390. These observations suggested that the DA is playing the role of a neurotransmitter or a neuromodulator of the CPR in the 6th AG in both species of crayfish, Procambarus clarkii and Cherax quadricarinatus. Synapse, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


A 13-year-old boy presented with emesis, blurred vision, headache, and vertigo. He showed signs of a dorsal midbrain (Parinaud) syndrome (supranuclear upgaze palsy, convergence retraction nystagmus, Collier sign [lid retraction], pupillary light-near-dissociation)[1][1] and eccentric displacement of


This paper presents an implementation of a new fast, robust and accurate Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) technique for Photovoltaic (PV) applications. This algorithm uses an adaptive perturbation generator coupled with a synchronous data acquisition process. A variable offset is added to the perturbation in order to provide the control signal for the Digital Pulse Width Modulation (DPWM) stage that commands the switching of the DC/DC converter. Thanks to a Proportional Integral (PI) control of the offset variation, the overall dynamic behavior of the MPPT algorithm is enhanced by one order of magnitude. The adaptive control of the perturbation amplitude allows to minimize the steady state error of the MPPT algorithm, while insuring good operation at low power when the signal over noise ratio is poorer, this without the need of a high precision sampling system. This control strategy has been first validated through simulations. Experimental results are then demonstrated using a Boost converter with the presented advanced P&O MPPT control algorithm in real operating conditions for battery charging.


This thesis explores, through a critical post-colonial feminist lens, the impact and implications of three humanitarian and development organizations women empowerment programs on Syrian women's lives in displacement. The study draws on the discourses of empowerment (or disempowerment) and humanitarianism from the literature, explores discourses of empowerment as perceived and practiced by the interviewed humanitarian and development practitioners, and narrates displaced Syrian women's experiences with humanitarianism and development and their own empowerment journeys. In this course, the dissertation addresses the varied perceptions of refugee-ness, vulnerability, and gender roles. The thesis also draws attention to the "unintended consequences" of empowerment projects, whereby displaced Syrian women practice "hidden pathways" towards empowerment in their daily lives, without such pathways being an outcome on the agenda of aid organizations, agencies and their donors. The study proposes that there is tangible evidence on the formation of alternative frameworks of empowerment practiced amongst displaced Syrian women through informal and grassroots women to women initiatives and support groups.


A set of spherical harmonic models describing the Earth's main magnetic field from 1965 to 1985 has been developed and is proposed as the next revision of the International Geomagnetic Reference Field (IGRF). A tenth degree and order spherical harmonic model of the main field was derived from Magsat data. A series of eighth degree and order spherical harmonic models of the secular variation of the main field was derived from magnetic observatory annual mean values. Models of the main field at 1965, 1970, 1975, and 1980 were obtained by extrapolating the main-field model using the secular variation models.


A method for incorporating maximum likelihood (ML) estimation into reliability analyses with item-level missing data is outlined. An ML estimate of the covariance matrix is first obtained using the expectation maximization (EM) algorithm, and coefficient alpha is subsequently computed using standard formulae. A simulation study demonstrated that the EMapproach yields (a) less bias in reliability estimates, (b) dramatically reduces cross-sample fluctuation of estimates, and (c) yields more accurate confidence intervals. Implications for reliability reporting practices are discussed, and the EM procedure is demonstrated using a heuristic data set.


Visible Light Backscatter Communication presents an emerging IoT connectivity technology that offers low power and flexible angular alignment benefits. State-of-art approaches with unmodified LCD(s) as optical modulator cause flickering with a sub-kbps low data rate, which would be overcome by modulating polarization, but naive implementation requires careful Tx-Rx placement to avoid signal cancellation. To overcome such challenges, we propose a new modulation scheme called polarization-based quadrature amplitude modulation (PQAM). PQAM constructs the orthogonal basis in the polarization domain and provides 2x throughput gain with arbitrary relative orientation.


The purpose of this note is to point out a mistake in the definition of the
 dimension of the J-kerenl in section 3 of this paper. Because of this
 mistake, there are some errors in examples and remarks.


Objective To discuss the changes and significance of Aquaporin 5( AQP 5),NF-κB and TNF-α mRNA in acute lung injury in rats.Methods Forty wistar rats were randomized into experimental group,control group and normal group.The rats of experimental group were blocked left lower hilus pulmonis after it' s body temperature cooled to deep hypothermia.The rats of control group were only thoracotomy and not blocked left lower hilus pulmonis.The lung specimens were pathology observated and measuremented wet / dry weight ratio,which were taken by before blocked,blocked 30 min,60 min,2 h,and reperfused 12 h,24 h.There were TNF-α,NF-κB,AQP-5, which transcription was detected by real-time PCR method.Results The experimental group lung tissue AQP-5 content and mRNA express peaked( P 0.01) after blocked 30 min and decreased to 24 h after reperfusion,W / D ratio and inflammatory mediators transcription express beginning to rise after blocked 30 min( P 0.01),peak appeared in the reperfusing 12 h.The control group lung tissue AQP5 content and mRNA express peaked( P 0.01) after deep hypothermia 30 min and decreased to 24 h after rewarming,W / D ratio and TNF-α,NF-κB transcription express beginning to rise after deep hypotherima 60 min( P 0.05),peak appeared in the rewarming 12 h.The change of indication between experimental group with control group was more obvious( P 0.05).Conclusion Deep hypotherima have protective effect to the lungs in the short term,but with the extension of time, the content and mRNA express of NF-κB and TNF-α were constantly rising,the content and mRNA express of AQP5 was constantly descending,which caused acute lung injury,and based on this,ischemia-reperfusion injury make further aggravating.


Rising levels of childhood obesity, attention deficit disorder, drug abuse, and sexual activity among younger and younger children represent some of the issues currently facing today's youth. Although the root causes of these problems are multifaceted, author Richard Louv, in his book Last Child in the Woods, argues that many negative aspects of childhood occur as a result of youth spending less and less time outside. This review examines some of the book's main points, as well as the strengths and weaknesses of Louv's arguments. Louv argues that the experiences of today's children are more denned by urban than natural influences. Perhaps the best support for this point is couched within one young boy's comment during a Louv led discussion regarding nature: "I like to play indoors better, 'cause that's where all the electrical outlets are" (Louv, 2005. p. 10). Louv suggests that the decreasing connection between kids and nature has serious mental, physical, and educational ramifications. Louv presents findings from a growing body of research that suggests a variety of positive benefits accrue when individuals interact with nature. One such study found that inmates in cells with windows affording farmland views had 24% fewer cases of illness as compared to inmates with non-nature views. Similar studies focusing on children indicate that kids with more green space at home and school have lower levels of mental illness and score higher on positive mental health indicators than nature deprived children. Such research seems especially pertinent considering increasing levels of childhood physical and mental ailments. Louv also discusses research that indicates that contact with nature leads to more creative and sensory aware children. For example, research findings suggest that children engage in more creative play in parks that contain natural, green areas. Additional studies have shown that children develop more egalitarian social structures based on creativity, language and social skills, in natural green areas as opposed to structured playground environments. Unfortunately, even in the face of the growing body of research regarding the positive benefits of contact with nature, Louv laments that we have created a society that distances children from nature. Louv states that modern society has evolved in such a way that children must often overcome multiple barriers in order to enjoy nature. Ironically, many of these barriers have been created in attempts to protect and promote


Based on the machine vision technique,a method for fast and online measuring the threedimensional parameters of lapped surface roughness is proposed. The lapped surface image with Raranging from 0. 012 to 0. 1 um is acquired by CCD and stored in the computer. Firstly,the midvalue filtering,the image edge strengthening and the image binary conversion are used to preprocess the image. Then the the roughness characteristics are acquised from image parameters,such as gray mean value D and root mean square deviation Sq. It is proved by the initial experiment that at a fixed incidence angle,the stronger the incident light,the better correlation effect D and Sq with Ra. At a fixed intensity light,incident of the larger the incidence angle,the better correlation effect D and Sq with Ra. D and Sq are all suitable for evaluating lapped surface roughness. Compared with Sq,D is more insensible to the incidence angle and the intensity ofincident. The optimized experiment conditions for evaluating lapped surface roughness by image parameters are the incidence angle 70 and the intensity ofincident intensity larger than 2. 0 104 lux.


On the basis of the status quo of human resource,equipment resource,content resource,inside and outside campus resource and information resource,this paper,using the methods of literature review,expert interview and questionnaire,analyzes the development strategies of taekwondo course in universities.


A model for the chemical evolution of the intergalactic medium (IGM) is presented using theoretical yields of very massive stars (VMSs; MVMS > 100 M☉) and Type II supernovae (SNe II). It is shown that if [Si/C] is indeed as high as ~0.7 in the IGM, then VMSs (MVMS ≈ 140-260 M☉) associated with pair-instability supernovae (PI-SNe) in low-mass (~105 M☉) halos at high redshift must produce at least 50% of the Si. The remainder is from later galactic outflows of SN II debris, which also provide most of the C and O. Both sources are required to account for the metal inventory in the IGM. The early VMS production must continue until redshift z ~ 15 so that the efficiency of VMS formation per low-mass halo is significantly below unity. Contributions from the later galactic outflows mainly occur at z ~ 4-6. Using a Salpeter initial mass function, we infer that the number of VMSs (MVMS ≈ 260-2000 M☉) producing massive black holes (MBHs) with an average mass ⟨MMBH⟩ ~ 270-550 M☉ is ≈0.72 times the number of VMSs associated with PI-SNe. The amount of metals (particularly Si) in the IGM that is attributable to PI-SNe is thus closely coupled with the total mass of MBHs produced in epochs prior to galaxy formation. Production of ~50% of the Si in the IGM by PI-SNe corresponds to an early inventory of MBHs that constitutes a fraction ~(4-8) × 10-5 of the total baryonic mass in the universe. This is comparable to the global mass budget of the central supermassive black holes (SMBHs) in present-day galaxies. The corresponding occurrence rates in each halo of ~105 M☉ during the epoch of VMS formation at z ≳ 15 are ~0.9 Gyr-1 for VMSs associated with PI-SNe and ~0.6 Gyr-1 for the concomitant more massive stars producing MBHs. These rates may be of use to studies of H2 dissociation and reionization and to models of SMBH formation.


Willows, as traditional elements of intrasonal landscapes, play an important role
phytomeliorative role in the formation of the phytoclimate of floodplain and floodplain territories. Flora
autochthonous willows (Salix L.) of the plain part of Ukraine have 16 species [4, 8, 9]. In the flora
Ros' valleys are represented by Salix alba L., S. pentandra L., S. x fragilis, S. caprea L., S. cinerea L.,
S. viminalis L., S. purpurea L. and S. triandra L.


For decades, Virtual Reality (VR) systems have provided unique user experiences, inspiring researchers to develop methods for assessing user experiences of VR. Until recently, VR was restricted to tethered configurations in indoor settings; now, portable systems such as Oculus Quest combine excellent immersion with mobility, allowing VR to move into public spaces and unpredictable contexts. Just as the emergence of mobile screen-based computing required the development of new methods of design and evaluation, so the emergence of mobile VR prompts us to consider whether existing evaluation methods need to be augmented. In this paper, we describe our method to evaluate the user experience of a VR application that replicates flooding in the city of Melbourne, Australia. We conducted an empirical study with this application and a mobile VR device, and we assess the user experience with a number of qualitative and quantitative methods that are suitable for field studies.


The Bugasi syneite body of the Coqen area belongs to a mid-deep intrusion dominated by medium to medium-coarse grained or medium-coarse porphyroid aegirine-augite syenite.It is located in the west segment of Gangdise and intimately associated with the widespread Miocene potassic volcanics.40Ar-39Ar plateau age and isochronal dating of the orthoclase from the syneite body are(27.14±0.05)Ma and(27.15±0.04)Ma,respectively.They represent the crystalline age of the intrusion.The new data indicate that the Bugasi syneite may be the earliest post-collision ultrapotassic alkaline magmatic rock found around the southern Tibet Plateau so far,and suggest that the Cenozoic post-collision potassic and ultrapotassic magmatism in the Lhasa block should start from 27 Ma B.P.at latest,and likely started from around 30 Ma B.P.rather than 25 Ma B.P.believed now.The obtained results provide more reliable space-time restriction for the future investigation of lithospheric evolution of the southern Tibet Plateau as well as for the comparative study of post-collision magmatic events over the Tibet Plateau.


Trained, and unusually well versed in civil and common law, barrister-MP and judge Sir James Whitelocke (1570–1632) held a theological outlook which defies easy classification. Friend and colleague of noteworthy players in 'church controversies' — players ranging from Sir Edward Coke to William Laud — Whitelocke offers insights on the realities of public and private worship in early Stuart England.


Several versions of well-accepted coding standards are analyzed and simplified in this paper.Based on the simplified version,an evaluation index system was constructed.After utilizing questionnaire survey,it is found that most students like to accept and comply with coding standards,which makes the research on how to effectively teach coding standards in programming classes and how to scientifically construct a quantitative evaluating system to coding standards become more urgent.


FIELD: machine building. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to aspirating masks. Proposed valve comprises flap and seat. Said flap can be secured in cantilever to bend from valve seat seal surface toward open position. Valve can comprise the body to cover partially both valve seat and said flap. In compliance with some versions, body height makes not over 1.25 cm while spacing between flap and seal surface at flap open position makes at least 0.35 cm. Ledge can be engaged with body inner surface, ledge height increasing toward body front. In some versions, said ledge can have the shape following that of the flap at open position. EFFECT: lower outward breath pressure, ease of breathing. 15 cl, 11 dwg


Blow Molding is one of the most versatile and economical process available for molding hollow materials. When polyethylene is stretched, it exhibits strain-hardening properties, which are temperature, pressure, velocity and strain-rate dependent. In this paper, preform is made by extrusion and forced between two halves by pressurization. This process includes isothermal and transient flow of Newtonian fluid in complex geometries simultaneous with structuring and solidification. A time dependent problem is defined and setting material properties and boundaries condition for bottle blow molding. Numerical data available in POLYDATA for a time dependent problem using ANSYS POLYFLOW were applied. Results display in form contours associated with different variables at different time steps and good agreement with the bottle thickness profile is observed. In this paper, the analysis of the stretch-blow molding (SBM) process of polyethylene terephthalate (PET), parison plastic bottles is studied by the finite element method (FEM). A hyper elastic constitutive behavior was calibrated using material data available in literature in variant high temperatures and strain rates and was used in the numerical simulation. Hydrostatic pressure with convention heat transfer has been used instead of a blowing process. Comparisons of numerical results with experimental observations demonstrate that the model can predict an overall trend of thickness distribution. Through the study, it becomes clear that the proposed model is applicable for simulating the stretch-blow molding process of PET bottles, and is capable of offering helpful knowledge in the production of bottles and the design of an optimum preform.


The idea of we-thinking, or we-reasoning, is increasingly drawing the attention of more and more economists. The two main contributors are Bacharach and Sugden, and they approach the topic in two different ways. Sugden's aim is to show that we-reasoning is a consistent and logical way of thinking, but he does not face the problem of how we-reasoning can arise. Bacharach's theory is based on frames and his never reached aim (because of his death) was to explain we-thinking in terms of Variable Frame Theory. But some of his intuitions conflict with the logical analysis he proposes. In the present paper, I take a different approach to the way in which we-thinking works. Based on a not fully developed intuition of Bacharach's, i.e. the `double-crossing' problem in Prisoners' Dilemma (PD) game, I propose a framework in which a person is allowed to have both I-thoughts, when she is we-reasoning, and we-concepts, when she is I-reasoning, and develop my analysis in terms of equilibrium concepts.


The most important aggregate measure of the long run health of the productive component of the agricultural economy is agricultural total factor productivity (TFP). Between 1948 and 2011, average annual input growth in US agriculture averaged approximately 0.07% while annual average output growth averaged roughly 1.5%. That translates into an annual average agricultural TFP growth rate of approximately 1.43%. That growth has led to a remarkable expansion of the productive ability of the US agricultural sector. However, climate change poses unprecedented challenges to U.S. agricultural production because of the sensitivity of agricultural productivity and costs to changing climate conditions. Some studies have examined the effect of climate change on U.S. agriculture. But none has investigated how climate affects the overall U.S. agricultural productivity. This study intends to find out climate change impacts on U.S. agricultural TFP change (TFPC). By correlation analysis with data in 1979-2005, we found that precipitation and temperature had significant positive or negative correlations with U.S. agricultural TFPC. Those correlation coefficients ranged from -0.8 to 0.8. And significant correlations, whether positive or negative, existed in different regions and different seasons. This is important information for policy-makers in decisions to support U.S. agriculture sustainability.


Pollution situation of the heavy metals, poison function to alga and the poisonous response of alga have been summarized in this paper.


The thesis mainly analyzes the differences and causes between podcasting and traditional media at the aspect of constructing pseudo-environment,and explores the manifestation and cause which tend to be more real at web pseudo -environment of podcasting.


Background: Acute exacerbation of COPD (AECOPD) is a decrease in respiratory conditions compared with regular conditions that require additional treatment, increase risk of hospitalization or demand intensive care unit. The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) describes the balance between the severity of inflammation and the immune system and is considered as an important systemic inflammatory marker. Length of hospital stay (LHS) is important in predicting the severity of AECOPD, in which longer LHS indicates greater severity of AECOPD. Secretome has been shown to have the ability to exert immunomodulatory effects, reduce lung injury and inflammation in several models of lung inflammation and immune-mediated lung disease. This study aimed to assess the differences between NLR and LHS in AECOPD patients who received a secretome and those who did not.Methods: This study involved 30 AECOPD patients whom assigned into two groups. Secretome and standard therapy were administered in the treatment group, whilst the control group only received the standard therapy. Statistical analysis used different test, the unpaired group difference test using Mann Whitney and the independent test, the paired group difference test using Wilcoxon rank test and Pair test. Result is significant if the P<0.05.Results: NLR value in the treatment group experienced a lower increase than the control group, yet statistically insignificant (P=0,187). Secretome decreased the LHS in AECOPD patients, and statistically significant with (P=0,028). Conclusion: Administration of secretome led to a lower increase in NLR value and decreased LHS AECOPD patients.


Image reconstruction directly from list-mode data requires different data correction techniques to standard projection-data based reconstruction, particularly in the case of iterative reconstruction. Attenuation and scatter correction techniques have been developed for two list-mode data driven reconstruction algorithms (FAIR-B (iterative) and Atrax (analytic/iterative)) recently proposed by the authors, and the results compared with two popular projection-data based algorithms (FORE+OSEM (iterative) and FORE+FBP (analytic)). List-mode data driven algorithms require event-by-event correction schemes, or alternatively image space procedures, as no direct operations to the completely sampled projection data set can be practically carried out. The methods developed in this work allow correction of list-mode data driven EM-ML type algorithms, such as FAIR, as well as analytic list-mode algorithms. The correction schemes have been applied to simulated data from various activity and attenuating medium distributions for a rotating 3D PET system. Both list-mode algorithms show improvements over the projection-data based methods in some situations.


A number of papers have been published describing various approaches to this problem. Results of using the behavioral synthesis approach on various hardware design projects have also been presented. Review of this literature indicates that designing at a higher level of abstraction using behavioral synthesis reduces the amount of code that must be developed by as much as two thirds. These users report overall reduction of design effort of 50% or more.


The irregular rain distribution and the existence of hardened layers in several soils of the tablelands promote, sometimes, important changes in the soil water regime and in the rates of evapotranspiration of the crops utilized in that ecosystem. The objective of this work was to know, by means of the water balance, how these processes occur in the studied area and to contribute to the establishment of management practices in order to make better use of the soil water. All components of the equations were measured, with exception of the evapotranspiration which was calculated. According to the results, it could be concluded that the orange tree had the maximum water consumption during the months of October and November and that, in terms of the rootstocks during these periods of great water consumption, the "Tangerina Cleopatra" (Citrus reshni Hort. former Tan.) was the less adapted and the "Limao Cravo" (Citrus limonia Osbeck) presented the best adaptation characteristics to the studied area.


An experimental model of intrauterine contraception was tested in pubescent rats a delicate plastic tube .5-.8 mm in diameter and 7-8 mm in length split into 4 parts on 1 end. This device exerts a contraceptive effect directly upon insertion. Pregnancy does not occur not only in the 1st period of estrus after insertion but does not develop when the device is inserted during the 1st-3rd day of pregnancy. Contraceptive action fails only in the occurrence of ovarian implantation: after the 7th day of pregnancy the device does not influence the embryonic development.(Authors modified)


We propose a method of automatically generating qualitative equations, i.e., monotonic and di erential relations among the variables, to model and analyze macro-behaviors of foraging in ant colony. Foraging is a well-coordinated group behavior of ant colony, which is achieved by the cooperation of individual ants. We executed numerical simulations for the foraging behaviors to see what happens in the colony, and implemented a reasoner which can predict the most basic characteristic of foraging behaviors, i.e., continuous growth of the number of ants gathering to a bait-site.


Objective :To construct hepatocarcinoma specific IL-1β anti-sense RNA expression vector and to explore its effect on the growth of implanted hepatocarcinoma H22 cells in mice and the possible mechanism. Methods:Murine IL-1β anti-sense RNA expression vectors pafpIRES2-antiIL-1β1 and pafpIRES2-antiIL-1β2 under the regulation of minimal alpha-feto protein (AFP) promoter and CMV enhancer were constructed,and further verified by PCR,restriction endonuclease analysis and DNA sequencing. H22 cells transfected with pafpIRES2-antiIL-1β 1 or pafpIRES2-antiIL-1β 2 were divided into 3 groups:H22/mock,H22/antiIL-1β1 and H22/antiIL-1β2 group. Expression of IL-1β was detected by RT-PCR. Transfected H22 cells were subcutaneously injected into mice to establish tumor implanted mouse model. Tumor volume was measured; the cytotocixity of spleen NK against H22 cells was detected by MTT. Results:Hepatocarcinoma specific IL-1β anti-sense RNA expression vectors pafpIRES2-antiIL-1β1 and pafpIRES2-antiIL-1β2 were successfully constructed and were verified by PCR,restriction endonuclease analysis and DNA sequencing. IL-1β expression in H22 cells was down-regulated after transfected with IL-1β anti-sense RNA expression vectors,especially with the pafpIRES2-antiIL-1β2 vector. Hepatocarcinoma cells implanted mouse model was successfully established. Tumor volume and growth of tumor in H22/antiIL-1β2 mice was obviously smaller than that in H22/mock mice,and the cytotocixity of spleen NK against H22 cells in H22/antiIL-1β1 and H22/antiIL-1β2 mice was also greatly enhanced. Conclusion:Hepatocarcinoma specific IL-1β anti-sense RNA expression vector pafpIRES2-antiIL-1β was successfully constructed. It effectively inhibits the growth of implanted hepatocarcinoma in mice probably through specifically blocking expression of IL-1β and increasing cytotocixity of spleen NK.


We present a comprehensive model of a correlation spectroscopy gas sensor for CH. Response and performance are predicted for typical fibre optic-coupled systems.


6. Pinkus H. Lichenoid tissue reactions: A speculative review of the clinical spectrum of epidermal basal cell damage with special reference to erythema discromicum perstans. Arch Dermato/1973: 107: 840-846. 7. Kark J A, Litt J Z. Ashy dermatosisa variant of erythema discromicum perstans. Cutis 1980: 25: 631. 8. Tschen J A, Tschen E A, McGavran M H. Erythema discromicum perstans. JAm Acad Dermatol 1980: 2: 295. 9. Schneider I, Varga M, Zombai E, Husz S. Ashy dermatosis: a case with spontaneous disappearance of the cutaneous lesions. Z Hautkr 1983: 58: 113-120. 10. Jablonska A. Ingestion of ammonium nitrate as possible cause of erythema discromicum perstans (ashy dermatosis). Dermatologica 1975: 150: 287. II. Lambert C W, Schwartz R, Hamilton G B. Erythema discromicum perstans. Cutis 1986: 31: 42-44. 12. Berger R S, Hayes T J. Erythema discromicum perstans and lichen planus. Are they related? Am Acad Dermatol 1989: 21: 438-442. SHORT COMMUNICATIONS


Objective To ascertain the effectiveness of the child health Surveillance (CHS) in terms of referral age and time of surgery for undescended testis (UDT).

Design, Setting and Participants Retrospective study of 106 children aged 1–15 years from Trafford, Greater Manchester (UK) who underwent orchidopexy between 1 December 1993 and 31 December 1998. Cases identified from a NW Regional Database and from hospital information departments.

Main variables studied Age at referral and surgery, source of referral, pattern of referral to six different hospitals, time span between referral and surgery.

Main outcome measures Referral to appropriate surgeon at key ages of 12 and 24 months of age (standards 90 and 95%, respectively). Orchidopexy performed by 24 months and 60 months of age (standards 75 and 95%, respectively).

Results Overall, 20% were referred by the age of 12 months and 35% by the age of 24 months. Subsequently, 20% underwent surgery by the age of 24 months and 66% by 60 months.

Conclusions Neither of the achievement standards was fulfilled. Although referral for UDT has improved, the timing of referrals and surgery is still unacceptably delayed.

Implications for practice Active measures are recommended to improve the education and awareness of the health visitors, GPs and the parents that early referral and surgery for children with UDT is essential.


Teaching Quality of Multimedia Teaching results into an information-based education is the key.This paper analyzes the multi-media teaching in the classroom,all types of media functions and applications,from the educational resources development and skills train-ing for teachers to improve.


In order to promote the use of wild edible mushrooms as source of nutrients and environmental marker, several experiments were performed in fruiting bodies (cap and stipe) of wild edible mushrooms which were collected from different regions of Al-Jabal Alakhdar province / Libya, including Alabraq, Alosita, Asalpiea, Ashnishen, Balanaje, Faidiyah, Marawah, Omar Mukhtar, Salantah, Sidihamri, and Werdama regions. The collections were done from September to November during 2012 and 2013. The analysis of nutrients included determination of proteins, fats, ash, and carbohydrates, while, macro(K, Na, and Ca) and microelement (Fe, Zn, Cu, Cd, Pb) trace metal levels were determined by a flame photometer and atomic absorption spectrometry. The macronutrient profiles, in general, revealed that the wild mushrooms were rich sources of protein and carbohydrates and had a low amount of fat. In fruiting bodies, the highest mean concentration of macro elements (dry weight basis) was found for K (26612.4), followed by Ca (3049.80) and Na (2836.85). K and Na were preferably translocated into the cap rather than the stipes. Calcium, however, was often found in higher concentration in stipes than in caps. The mean microelement concentrations, across all tested fungi, were in the following order, Fe > Zn > Cu > Pb > Cd. Microelements showed different distributions, depending on the part of the fruiting body. Some were more concentrated in the caps and some in stipes and distributions varied among regions. This study proves that wild edible fungi which consumed traditionally in Al-Jabal Alakhdar province be used in well-balanced diets due to their high contents of functional minerals. Also, their low contents of heavy metals (Pb and Cd) shows that collection areas are not polluted, therefore all collected edible mushroom species can be unreservedly consumed without any health risk. Ramadan E. Abdolgader * , Ateea Ali Bellail, Mabruka Milad Mousa, Mohammed F. Abraheem Food Science Department, College of Agriculture Omar Al-Mukhtar University, Albeida, Libya Submission: 1 September 2016 Accepted: 7 September 2016 Published: 25 September 2016 www.ijsrm.humanjournals.com Citation: Ramadan E. Abdolgader et al. Ijsrm.Human, 2016; Vol. 4 (3): 123-147. 124