: This proposed work is to improve the performance of a pressure process station. By the combination of traditional PID controller and Fuzzy Logic controller, steady state in the short time is achieved. In this methodology a hybrid system in the Fuzzy PID controller is used to improve the performance of pressure process station. Comparative analysis for the performance measures for Fuzzy PID controllers are computed. From simulation result it can be found that both the overshoot and settling time are decreased to meet the required. In the conclusion Fuzzy PID control method can improve dynamic response of pressure process station effectively. Performance of PID controller is better than Fuzzy PID controller.


Polarizing beam splitter is designed with a broadband and wide range of incident angle. Polarizing beam splitter designed here is a kind of double periodic subwavelength medium-metal grating, which consisted of silicon dioxide as the substrate, magnesium fluoride (MgF2) as medium material and silver for the grid lines. It has the polarization splitting function of TE reflection and TM transmission. Based on the rigorous coupled-wave analysis(RCWA) and the continuous optimization of the structure parameters, the polarization beam splitter has high polarization conversion efficiency, high extinction ratio and a wide tolerance of incident angle in the near infrared band (1μm − 3μm) .The simulation results show that the reflection efficiency of TE polarized light and the transmission efficiency of TM polarized light are both higher than 96%, and the reflection extinction ratio and transmission extinction ratio are greater than 17dB and 28dB respectively. When the incident angle of incident light is from -80° to 80°, the reflection efficiency of TE polarized light is over 96%; when the incident angle is from -40°to 40°, the transmission efficiency of TM polarized light is over 90%. The reflection extinction ratio exceeds 17dB, and the transmission extinction ratio exceeds 35dB in the incident wavelength of 1550nm.The designed polarizing beam splitter is expected to be used in optical communication, optical storage, optical sensing and other fields for light modulation and control.


Many communties in Germany are affected by the problem of incomplete decomposition of corpses due to unfavorable soil conditions at the cemeteries and the formation of "adipocire" (adipo = fat, cere = wax) can be frequently observed. Adipocire is a variant of putrefaction, caused by changes in the body fat by hydrolysis and hydrogenation in the presence of water and bacteria. Composed of hydroxy fatty acids, predominantly 10 hydroxy stearic acid, it is a homogenous, grey-white, waxy substance without an offensive odor. Adipocire is a spontaneous form of preservation, thus the body can remain constantly preserved for years and the reuse of the graves within prescribed time is not possible. It is not clear how adipocire decomposes, nor how it interacts with other factors during the decomposition process. Many proposals and recommendations exist for cemetery redevelopment programs. A decision as to which methods are most likely to be successful require extensive knowledge of later post-mortal changes as described in the present paper.


Consumption of milk is very important to meet the daily nutritional needs of adolescents. Milk consumption of the Indonesian population is still low and below that of Southeast Asian countries such as Malaysia and Thailand, especially among school-age children or adolescents. The purpose of the study was to analyze the effect of face-to-face nutrition education with lecture media and online with animated videos on knowledge and behavior of milk consumption. This research is a quasi-experiment with a pretest-posttest design, which will be carried out in May-August 2021. The subjects of the research are grade VII students at one of the SMPN in Pesisir Selatan Regency consisting of two groups, namely the lecture media group (offline) and the animated video media. (online), with a total of 40 students. Data analysis used independent t-test or Mann-Whitney and paired t-test or Wilcoxon test and McNemar test at 99% CI. The results showed that students' knowledge increased after receiving education, both in the offline and online groups. There was a difference in knowledge (p=0.001), milk consumption (p=0.000), between students who were given nutrition education offline and online. In conclusion, nutrition education has an effect on knowledge and behavior of milk consumption. Offline education is more effective than online.


This letter presents a balanced band-notched ultra-wideband (UWB) filtering circular patch antenna fed by a microstrip line. The proposed circuit is composed of a λ/4 slotline-resonator-based balanced band-notched UWB bandpass filter (BPF) and a stub-loaded circular radiating patch. The compact balanced BPF is new in that the slotline resonator is fed judiciously at its open end so that differential-mode fields can be effectively excited in the slotline resonator. Moreover, it can achieve an all-stop-like common-mode rejection because the slotline resonator is incomplete in structure when in common-mode operation. The way the BPF is coupled to the circular radiating patch is novel in that a good impedance match can be easily obtained with the aid of two tuning open stubs. A pair of spur-lines was implemented in the microstrip feedline near the plane of symmetry to produce a notch band around 5.5 GHz. Measurement shows that the differential-mode operating band with return loss greater than 10 dB covers 2.95−10.75 GHz except for the notch band of 5.01−6.19 GHz. Very good common-mode suppression is observed with the measured common-mode reflection coefficient greater than −1.78 dB in 1−12 GHz.


Background : Adolescent girls are vulnerable to dietary inadequacy in general and micronutrients (viz, Iron, Calcium, Vitamin A and C etc) inadequacy in particular due to variety of reasons including their own food preferences. Lack of protective foods in their diet can have serious consequences. Objective : To assess dietary inadequacy of micronutrients in urban adolescent girls and to pinpoint their correlates. Methodology : A community based cross sectional study was undertaken on 400 adolescent girls (10-19 years) of urban Varanasi, selected by adopting multistage sampling technique. Their socio-demographic and personal characteristics were obtained by interviewing parents or other responsible family member. Dietary intake of subjects was assessed by 24 hours recall oral questionnaire method and their micronutrients intake was computed by using nutritive value of Indian foods. Result : In case of 72.8%, 71.2%, 88.2% and 6.2% subjects calcium, iron, Vitamin A and Vitamin C intakes were 7.With reference to vegetarians, odds of less vitamin C intake was more in nonvegetarian (AOR=2.01: CI-1.10-3.65) and eggitarian (AOR=2.53: CI-1.03-6.19). Conclusion : Micronutrients deficiency in urban adolescents is quiet predominant and calls for community based interventions to streamline micronutrients supplementation and therapeutic strategies.


This paper aims to provide a sociolinguistic investigation of gendered identities and practices among some third-generation Jordanian Turks. It researches into language proficiency, use, and identity of Jordanian Turks of both sexes. A mixed methods approach was chosen, drawing upon a combination of quantitative and qualitative data captured through two methods: sociolinguistic questionnaires and semi-structured interviews. The data analysed in this study provide evidence that the female members of the Jordanian-Turkish community, whose linguistic repertoires are comparatively more bilingual than male counterparts, are undergoing a language shift in progress, and the male members, on the whole, are monolingual language users and have therefore shifted their language practices and only sustained ritualised cultural practices.


This paper is designed to study strength and capability of nations to do business under a competitive system devised and monitored by the World Trade Organization. The main objective in this attempt is to review and evaluate the impact of WTO's policies on the economic welfare of the developing countries and to see how far the producers on the one side and consumers on the other side have benefitted in general. The study while reviewing historical experiences of countries under laissez-faire policies, examined the effectiveness of the negotiations carried out by the WTO for enhancing international trade. The study found that under the infant industry argument, many of the WTO member countries are still protecting their businesses and violating the laid down principles of free trade. Since the WTO is to promote international trade and watch the interest of the producers, the consumers seem to have been left unattended. As a result of which the corporate sector continues to maintain its hold in protecting their monopolies in various forms. The study strongly recommends consumer protection rather than producer protection as the fundamental goal for the WTO to keep in view in its policy prescriptions.


A method is arranged to process a frame for an LCD with a modified polarity pattern. The pattern employs a polarity reversal scheme that results in line inversion and/or dot inversion patterns that are observable by pixel locations within the frame. The drive polarity for the column drivers in the LCD is toggled according to the modified polarity pattern. The scanning sequence for each row on thedisplay is modified for cooperation with the pattern. A first subframe is scanned during a first interval while applying a first set of drive polarities. A second subframe is scanned during a second interval that is non-overlapping with the first time interval. The application of the method enables the column drivers in the LCD to operate with reduced power while retaining the benefits of line and dot inversion techniques.


With the further development of the economic integration in the Yangtze River Delta,integrating the Express Mail Service(EMS) in the Yangtze River Delta region has become imperative,but there are four obstacles in the development of the EMS's integration,including the level of integrated coordination,brand culture building,information sharing in networks and the ability of providing quality services.To solve these problems,the practical and effective countermeasures should be taken,for example,establishing an independent status with initiative,constructing the appropriate brand culture of the EMS in the Yangtze River Delta region,intensifing the construction of information sharing and improving the service level.


. The study of graph discrepancy problems, initiated by Erd˝os in the 1960s, has received renewed attention in recent years. In general, given a 2-edge-coloured graph G , one is interested in embedding a copy of a graph H in G with large discrepancy (i.e. the copy of H contains significantly more than half of its edges in one colour). Motivated by this line of research, Gishboliner, Krivelevich and Michaeli considered an oriented version of graph discrepancy for Hamilton cycles. In particular, they conjectured the following generalization of Dirac's theorem: if G is an oriented graph on n ≥ 3 vertices with δ ( G ) ≥ n/ 2, then G contains a Hamilton cycle with at least δ ( G ) edges pointing forward. In this paper, we present a full resolution to this conjecture.


In this paper, we introduce our new visualization service which presents web pages and images on arbitrary devices with differing display resolutions. We analyze the layout of a web page and simplify its structure and formatting rules. The small screen of a mobile device is used much better this way. Our new image adaptation service combines several techniques. In a first step, border regions which do not contain relevant semantic content are identified. Cropping is used to remove these regions. Attention objects are identified in a second step. We use face detection, text detection and contrast based saliency maps to identify these objects and combine them into a region of interest. Optionally, the seam carving technique can be used to remove inner parts of an image. Additionally, we have developed a software tool to validate, add, delete, or modify all automatically extracted data. This tool also simulates different mobile devices, so that the user gets a feeling of how an adapted web page will look like. We have performed user studies to evaluate our web and image adaptation approach. Questions regarding software ergonomics, quality of the adapted content, and perceived benefit of the adaptation were asked.


A numerical simulation has been carried out for a redox couple confined to a thin layer under potential step or cyclic voltammetric conditions where the diffusion coefficient is determined by the relative amounts of the oxidized form (of diffusion coefficient D1)and reduced form (of diffusion coefficient D2). An overall layer diffusion coefficient D is determined by the mole fractions of species 1 and 2; D(n1 +n2)=n1D1 +n2D2. This layer diffusion coefficient is proposed as an alternative model to that of interaction parameters used to characterize nonidealities during potential step and cyclic voltammetric experiments of surface confined redox species.


Motivated by a recently proposed hyper chaos based image encryption algorithm and some successful attacks on it, an improved image algorithm is proposed in this paper. In the proposed algorithm, key-stream depends on the plaintext and the ciphered text; this makes it different in every encryption process, so it is more like a One Time Pad, which is in formation theoretically secure. Some simulations are given to demonstrate that the suggested encryption algorithm of image has the advantages of large key space and high security, and moreover, the distribution of grey values of the encrypted image has a random-like behavior, and some security analysis are also given to show that the proposed algorithm can resist some attacks.


The edited volume, Conflict and cooperation in the Indo-Pacific, by two prominent international security experts, Ash Rossiter and Brendon J. Cannon, engages with the nature of strategic partnershi...


In present paper main changes happening in Russian education are considered. It is noted that these changes are connected with dynamically changing world in which requires the "knowledge in operation", but not the knowledge of facts. The transition to a new educational paradigm in our country found expression in the adoption of new state standards, which were formulated new goals and objectives. The main requirement of the modern Russian state standard of education was the extension of the concept of formation of universal educational actions. Within these trends are particularly acutely the question of chemical education in the school. Especially with the experimental task and laboratory work. In the article the author addresses the problem of reducing the amount of chemical experiment in high school. The causes of this phenomenon are revealed. The ways pointed at the reconstruction of the schoolchildren lesson activity in the area of the chemical experiment performing are suggested. The author pays attention to the possibility of the universal training actions formation at solving the chemical experimental tasks.


Han Yong-woon (1879-1944)'s Silence of the Beloved(1926), is one of the most beloved poetry books in Korea. Han, as a Buddhist monk, a proponent of the Independence Movement, writer, etc., played many roles, and he saw it that his age was an age in which 'one's beloved ('nim') remained silent.' This...


To evaluate the impact of musculoskeletal ultrasound (MSUS) as a complementary method to clinical assessment on rapid diagnosis and therapeutic decisions in a busy outpatient rheumatology clinic.


Long-term care facilities have been widely affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Retirement homes are particularly vulnerable due to the higher mortality risk of infected elderly individuals. Once an outbreak occurs, suppressing the spread of the virus in retirement homes is challenging because the residents are in contact with each other, and isolation measures cannot be widely enforced. Regular testing strategies, on the other hand, have been shown to effectively prevent outbreaks in retirement homes. However, high frequency testing may consume substantial staff working time, which results in a trade-off between the time invested in testing, and the time spent providing essential care to residents. Thus, developing an optimal testing strategy is crucial to proactively detect infections while guaranteeing efficient use of limited staff time in these facilities. Although numerous efforts have been made to prevent the virus from spreading in long-term care facilities, this is the first study to develop testing strategies based on formal optimization methods. This paper proposes two novel optimization models for testing schedules. The models aim to minimize the risk of infection in retirement homes, considering the trade-off between the probability of infection and staff workload. We employ a probabilistic approach in conjunction with the optimization models, to compute the risk of infection, including contact rates, incidence status, and the probability of infection of the residents. To solve the models, we propose an enhanced local search algorithm by leveraging the symmetry property of the optimal solution. We perform several experiments with realistically sized instances and show that the proposed approach can derive optimal testing strategies.


The ability to detect biological events at the single-molecule level provides unique biophysical insights. Back-focal-plane laser interferometry is a promising technique for nanoscale 3D position measurements at rates far beyond the capability of standard video. We report an in-situ calibration technique for back-focal-plane, low-power (non-trapping) laser interferometry. The technique does not rely on any a priori model or calibration knowledge, hence the name Agnostic. We apply the technique to track long range (up to 100 μm) motion of a variety of particles, including magnetic beads, in 3D with high spatiotemporal resolution (approximately 2 nm, 100 μs). Our tracking of individual unlabelled vesicles revealed a previously unreported grouping of mean-squared-displacement curves at short time scales (< 10 ms). Second, tracking functionalized magnetic beads attached to a live cell membrane revealed an anchoragedependent nonlinear response of the membrane. The software-based technique involves injecting small perturbations into the probe position by driving a pre-calibrated specimen-mounting stage, while recording the quadrant-photodetector (QPD) signals. The perturbations and corresponding QPD signals are analyzed to extract the calibration parameters. The technique is sufficiently fast and non-invasive that the calibration can be performed on the fly, without interrupting or compromising high-bandwidth, long range tracking of a particle. Biophys J BioFAST, published on November 30, 2007 as doi:10.1529/biophysj.107.114140 Copyright 2007 by The Biophysical Society. 2 of 3


Abstract The weakly nonlinear evolutions of the Green and Charney waves are compared for two regimes: (1) when internal dissipation is the dominant dissipation; (2) when Ekman friction is the dominant dissipation. When the Ekman dissipation is dominant, we obtain a large amplitude equilibrated wave state which depends upon the initial conditions but not upon the magnitudes of the dissipation; the steady wave features a barotropic structure, and does not transport heat in the meridional direction. In sharp contrast, when internal dissipation is dominant, a small amplitude, equilibrated wave state is found, which is independent of the initial conditions but depends on the magnitude of the internal dissipation. The steady wave exhibits a westward phase tilt and transports heat poleward by an amount proportional to the internal dissipation. The presence of a large planetary vorticity gradient stabilizes the finite amplitude evolution of the planetary waves and leads to a stable equilibrium planetary wave state.


The superconducting gap structure of heavy fermion UPd_2Al_3, in which unconventional superconductivity coexists with antiferromagnetic (AF) order with atomic size local moments, was investigated by the thermal conductivity measurements in a magnetic field rotating in various directions relative to the crystal axes. The results provide strong evidence that the gap function \Delta(k) has a single line node orthogonal to the c-axis located at the AF Brillouin zone boundary, while \Delta(k) is isotropic within the basal plane. The determined nodal structure is compatible with the resonance peak in the dynamical susceptibility observed in neutron inelastic scattering experiments. Based on these results, we conclude that the superconducting pairing function of UPd_2Al_3 is most likely to be d-wave with a form \Delta(k)=\Delta_0 cos(k_zc)


This study focuses on the perceptions of knowledge and learning by indigenous students in an intercultural bilingual teacher education programme in Amazonian Ecuador. The study framed within postcolonial and critical theory attempts to create a space for the indigenous students to speak about their own views through the use of photography and researcher-respondent discussions. We found that the students conceptualised knowledge and learning primarily through their everyday domestic life rather than through their experiences of schooling which appears to play a secondary role.


THIS DOCUMENT STUDIES the sensitivity of the optimal carbon tax formulation derived by Golosov, Hassler, Krusell, and Tsyvinski (2014) ("GHKT"). GHKT showed that, under certain assumptions, the optimal carbon tax–GDP ratio can be solved for in closed form, and does not depend on the paths of future output, consumption, and technological change. These assumptions include logarithmic preferences and full depreciation of capital over the course of a decade. This document relaxes these assumptions and explores the numerical sensitivity of the optimal carbon tax–GDP ratio to the structure of preferences, depreciation, and technological progress. It further proposes a slightly modified version of GHKT's central optimal carbon tax formulation that approximates the optimal carbon tax in the case of non-logarithmic constant elasticity utility and nonzero long-run productivity growth. The remainder of this note is structured as follows. Section 2 reviews the planner's problem as presented in GHKT (2014), and then describes our numerical implementation. Section 3 outlines the sensitivity analyses considered, and presents the main quantitative results. Section 4 proposes a modification of GHTK's formula that approximates the optimal carbon tax in the case that preferences are not logarithmic and productivity growth is positive. Finally, Appendix A compares the numerical model's benchmark case results with those from the true, infinite-horizon problem as presented in GHTK (2014).


Infertility is a global health issue affecting approximately 8-10% of couples. 30% of infertile couples are diagnosed with unexplained or idiopathic infertility. Idiopathic infertility is defined as the lack of an obvious cause for a couple's infertility. It can cause emotional stress and a range of psychological reactions including depression and anxiety. This review discusses the cytogenetic studies of couples with idiopathic infertility. The present study includes 28 infertile couples and 16 healthy control couples. All these subjects were karyotyped based on their characteristics. The cytogenetic analysis was correlated with risk factors of subjects. Subjects with abnormal karypotype along with various risk factors may leads to infertility. The principal treatments for unexplained infertility include expectant observation with timed intercourse and lifestyle changes. Medication along with lifestyle modification will help to reduce the risk for infertility.


All the time financial statement has not been able to present environment empowerment activity information. Green accounting is an attempt to link the interests of the company's economic and environmental sustainability. By implementing green accounting, the financial statements will be holistic. This article attempts to review the literature supporting the concept of green accounting, measurement, reporting and implementation that have been made by companies.


Formaldehyde is a ubiquitous and potent sensitizer. Formaldehyde‐sensitive patients may have long‐lasting hand eczema (1). Contact dermatitis from formaldehyde is often chronic, probably because it is so difficult to avoid exposure to formaldehyde‐containing products. An investigation in Denmark showed that 1/3 of all cosmetic products contained formaldehyde or formaldehyde‐releasing preservatives (2). Formaldehyde can also be found in many houshold products. In recent years, the use of moistened baby toilet tissues has greatly increased.


In today global development. The boundaries between states more likely to vanish. With the current growth of globalism, world tend to be more connected, especially, in economic sector. United States is pioneer of free market system in global economic, the system that made the international trade more easily than before. With the United States entered the crisis, impact to global economic would relatively worse. It's because United States is one of leading economies in the world. Singapore, a state that depends on export for their economic development, is one example of nations that got affected by this crisis. The Method that used in this crisis is a qualitative with secondary data source. The data was collected by literature studied, for example books, journals or websites. This thesis didn't used an interview. It's because the limitation of time in this research This research tried to explain how the financial crisis blew, with explanation of the background of this crisis, and also reveal actors and factors that created it. Moreover, this research also try to find how comprehensive the economy of United States and Singapore got affected, with the help of economic indicators. Result of this research conclude that deregulation in financial market in United States have generated this crisis, which their financial market regulator didn't do anything and let high risk derivative to grown and caused property market failure. This financial crisis is essential because of the global impact by this crisis, situation that would happened because of global economy tend to be more interconnected. Singapore itself got the effected by this crisis, because their export orientation and United States was one of their biggest market.


Abstract : This report summarizes the results of a four year research effort. The primary research topic addressed is automatic shape recognition of silhouettes or contours. Methods studied are Fourier descriptors, Walsh descriptors, and 2-D moments. Also the recognition of partially correct shapes are addressed. Three methods were developed to solve such problems. These methods are (1) polygonal fitting of a boundary followed by local matching of distances and angles; (2) Fourier descriptor representation of boundary segments followed by dynamic programming to match segments (dynamic programming is modified to allow several local optimums instead of one global optimum; and (3) recognition of time-axis scaling and matches between two partially matching waveforms using Mellin Transform techniques. Other research topics addressed by this summary are (1) registration and segmentation of moving objects; (2) measurement and recognition using 3-D range data; (3) image compression using motion detection; and (4) precision measurements in digital images. The research summarized in the report resulted in 5 Ph.D. Theses, 5 M.S.E.E. theses, and over 20 additional publications. Additional keywords: image processing; electrical engineering. (Author)


The project instructional method is a teaching activity involving both the teachers and students in a complete fulfillment of a project.This teaching model has been widely adopted in the teaching higher vocational courses because it fully demonstrates the educational idea of the unification of teaching,learning and doing in the same process.Such a method emphasizes the cultivation of the students' ability and enhances their initiative in learning and proves to be a practical,open and pro-fessional.


All the articles in this issue relate, in one way or another, to reading: reading the world and the word, in Freire's formulation. They also, in different ways, address the student experience of English studies, and the relation of this to identity and authenticity. Each paper offers a specific account of the nature and purpose of reading, but all relate the reading process to context and culture. Theresa Gooda's poem Question Time evokes a (to me) authentic classroom experience. The teacher's challenge "Well?" attempts to assert her authority and to open an exchange of ideas, but the word hangs in the air and the students "drown collectively in the silence". When the bell rings, the students rejoin their contemporaries; but the teacher braces herself against a shudder of misgiving about her purpose and identity. Claire Lawrence examines trainee teachers' internal conflict between the value of "authentic" reading and the demands of external assessment. Alarmed that her trainee secondary school English teachers wish to instruct pupils in a reductive approach to literature, she explores their experience and understanding of authentic engagement and their reluctance to encourage this in the lessons they teach. She presents a case study of their responses to an exemplar poetry lesson that attempted to encourage an authentic rather than manufactured response. While the teachers enjoyed the experience of this lesson, finding it "engaging" and thought-provoking", they remained hesitant about its validity within the contemporary classroom. Ian Cushing discusses a way of exploring literary texts by a grammar that builds upon what students already know about the world. Cognitive stylistics posits that texts typically consist of multiple "attractors" that work together to produce various conceptual effects. Readers' responses are shaped by their growing understanding of the language of the text and are anchored to this understanding. In the lessons observed, students noticed, for example, that the choice of verbs creates an intense focus on the soldier in the poem. Cushing suggests that the textual attractor model allows readers to describe their reading experiences in systematic ways, making consistent reference to the text under discussion. Louise Chapman's students appear naive readers of prose fiction, but they use their chosen modalities to make sense of what Alexa Muse calls the "figured world" of adolescence. Chapman investigated the reading lives of 23 female students at a singlesex school in the south-east of England. Many of her respondents regarded print novels as "boring" if they lacked "relatable" themes such as "being a teenager and relationships and growing up and stuff". However, in their reading logs, and when designing their ideal bookshelves, they extended the concept of reading to include social media, including video bloggers. Chapman suggests ways in which teachers might engage with the reading experiences of teenagers who are not bookish in any traditional sense. Mark Dressman and Dingxin Rao offer a concept of "savvy reading" that mediates between traditional disciplinary approaches and the reader's savoir-faire. They examine ENGLISH IN EDUCATION 2020, VOL. 54, NO. 2, 117–118 https://doi.org/10.1080/04250494.2020.1747673


A new method for the detection and identification of seismic reflections from shallow depths has been developed. The method uses a single-channel signal enhancement seismograph usually used for refraction surveys. Common reflection point, single- and double-ended spreads were field tested; results indicated that the latter two geometries were sufficient. Geophone arrays and low-cut filters were used to attenuate unwanted seismic arrivals. Enhancement of time-coherent signals is used to identify reflections. Several reflection seismograms were obtained close to stratigraphically-logged wells. Conversion of reflection times to depths using known velocity structures showed good agreement between depths from logs and from seismograms. At present, the depth range capability for the method is from less than 20 feet to more than 600 feet. Several geotechnical fields will benefit the addition of the shallow reflection methods to the subsurface investigation techniques currently used.


Between 1990 and 1991, three Aboriginal children, Colleen Walker (16), Clinton Speedy-Duroux (16) and Evelyn Greenup (4), were killed in the town of Bowraville in northern New South Wales. An initial police investigation into the killings was conducted between 1990 and 1993, as a result of which the respondent was identified as a suspect and charged with the murders of Clinton and Evelyn. No charge has ever been brought for Colleen's murder.


A system was designed to detect condensation using a leaf wetness sensor. The leaf
wetness sensor was a variable resistance device that was a function of moisture on the surface. A
circuit was developed to compare the sensor output to a reference voltage and control a relay for
ventilation. The system was validated in an environmental chamber in the laboratory using a heat
exchanger and water bath. Condensation was immediately detected when the plate was cooled
below the dew-point temperature of the chamber. When the water temperature increased above the
dew-point temperature there was a delay as the moisture was evaporated from the plate. Dirt and
other foreign material were added to the leaf wetness sensor with little effect on system performance.
The dirt acted to delay the sensor from drying and predicted slightly longer condensation periods. The system was tested in a tobacco greenhouse and a grain bin and was verified using relative
humidity sensors and thermistors. There were frequent periods of condensation in the greenhouse
and the system accurately predicted them. Condensation did not occur in the grain bin as a result of
the dry conditions the grain was stored under. The relative humidity and thermistors verified that
condensation probably did not occur during storage.


In 2D fluorescence molecular tomography, there are usually discontinuities in the reconstructed image of continuous targets when using triangle mesh for discretization. A spatially smoothed linear scheme is proposed to overcome the limit. The phantom experiment on a full angle imaging system demonstrates the efficiency the proposed method.


Abstract : Prior research has shown that the endurance of small unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) can be significantly extended using thin film photovoltaic cells. The different power requirements of the RQ-11B Raven variants are explored in this thesis, and it is demonstrated that a CuInGaS2 (CIGS) solar array adhered to the wing of an RQ-11B not only extends the flight time but also expands the payload capacity of the platform. Power requirements and existing endurance of the digital variant of the RQ-11B were measured to establish a baseline of the platform s performance and validate previous research. A modular wing with an integrated CIGS array was then designed and constructed to be incorporated with the existing power circuitry of the platform. The baseline tests were repeated to determine the power generated by the array and supplied to the digital RQ-11B. It was shown that a solar integrated RQ-11B has a larger payload capacity and extended endurance, while still maintaining the modular and expeditionary nature of the existing platform. The concept of this research may be applied to all unmanned aerial platforms in order to expand their power generation to operate simultaneous or demanding payloads without stressing the existing power supply.


Contemporary interdisciplinary research on human-induced global environmental change recognizes two broad and overlapping fields of study (67). That of industrial metabolism investigates the flow of materials and energy through the chain of extraction, production, consumption, and disposal of modem industrial society. That of land-use/land-cover change, our concern here, deals with the alteration of the land surface and its biotic cover. Environmental changes of either kind become global change in one of two ways (106): by affecting a globally fluid system (the atmosphere, world climate, sea level) or by occurring in a localized or patchwork fashion in enough places to sum up to a globally significant total. Land-use change contributes to both kinds of global change: to such systemic changes as trace-gas accumulation and to such cumulative or patchwork impacts as biodiversity loss, soil degradation, and hydrological change. Land-use/land-cover change is a hybrid category. Land use denotes the human employment of the land and is studied largely by social scientists. Land cover denotes the physical and biotic character of the land surface and is studied largely by natural scientists. Connecting the two are proximate sources of change: human activities that directly alter the physical environment. These activities reflect human goals that are shaped by underlying social driving forces. Proximate sources change the land cover, with further environmental consequences that may ultimately feed back to affect land use. Contemporary global environmental change is clearly unique. The human reshaping of the earth has reached a truly global scale, is unprecedented in its magnitude and rate, and increasingly involves significant impacts on the


In this work, a new approach is developed for dynamic analysis of a composite beam with an interply crack, based on finite element solution of partial differential equations with the use of the COMSOL Multiphysics package, allowing for fast and simple change of geometric characteristics of the delaminated area. The use of COMSOL Multiphysics package facilitates automatic mesh generation, which is needed if the problem has to be solved many times with different crack lengths. In the model, a physically impossible interpenetration of the crack faces is prevented by imposing a special constraint, leading to taking account of a force of contact interaction of the crack faces and to nonlinearity of the formulated boundary value problem. The model is based on the first order shear deformation theory, i.e., the longitudinal displacement is assumed to vary linearly through the beam`s thickness. The shear deformation and rotary inertia terms are included into the formulation, to achieve better accuracy. Nonlinear partial differential equations of motion with boundary conditions are developed and written in the format acceptable by the COMSOL Multiphysics package. An example problem of a clamped-free beam with a piezoelectric actuator is considered, and its finite element solution is obtained. A noticeable difference of forced vibrations of the delaminated and undelaminated beams due to the contact interaction of the crack`s faces is predicted by the developed model.


Design methods are outlined which are thought to achieve a favourable balance between cost and risk in largely unmanned drinking-water treatment stations. A hardwired emergency shutdown system, software best practice, and telemetry to a central computing facility from more than 1500 sites are described.


In this paper we use the methodology proposed by Bourguignon and Spadaro (2000b) in order to analyze the changes in social preferences on inequality since the introduction of the 1999 reform of the Spanish Income Tax. Our starting point is the observed distribution of household incomes and marginal tax rates as computed in standard tax-benefit models. We show that it is possible to identify the social welfare function that would make the observed marginal tax rate schedule optimal, given certain simplifying assumptions on individual preferences. We apply this methodology to the 1998 and 1999 Spanish tax benefit systems, using the Spanish wave of the EC Household Panel.


We report the synthesis of a well-defined hybrid ABC triblock terpolymer containing a synthetic poly(trimethylene carbonate) (PTMC) block A and a thermosensitive BC diblock of recombinant elastin-l...


Ferritic steel is used for construction of interconnectors in an SOFC type of fuel cells. The steel is exposed to the corrosive activity of various factors such as oxygen from the air (in the cathode's area) and the steam (in anode's area). This paper presents the results of the behaviour of ferritic steel of the Crofer 22 APU type in the air and argon atmospheres containing water vapour at high temperatures. The influence of the condition of sample's surface both polished and not-polished on the rate of oxidation and morphology of the forming scale has been examined. Samples of15x10x0.5 mm size were cut from the sheet and then subjected to surface treatment. The surface was polished with abrasive papers (grade no. 2000) and then polished with Al2O3 powder in an aqueous suspension. The samples were exposed in the temperature range 675-900°C by changing it every 25 °C in the air and argon atmospheres with different contents of H2O (1100%). The study was performed by periodical method. The total exposure time of each sample was 100h.


The dominant views about the relationship between economic growth, poverty, and inequality between the late 1950s and the early 1970s drew heavily upon the Kuznets (1955) and Solow (1956) models. While Kuznets' inverted-U hypothesis suggested that economic growth in poor countries would initially lead to greater inequality, which would later decline as the economy continued to develop, Solow's growth model indicated that poor countries would tend to grow faster and, therefore, converge with the developed countries through the equalization of the marginal returns to the factors of production. In this favourable context, heavy State intervention in the process of development, and support from the World Bank and other agencies for infrastructure and capital-building projects in poor countries, fostered the expectation that capitalist economies could deliver growth, poverty alleviation, and international convergence, at least as rapidly as their socialist rivals.


The development, take-up and patterns of use of information and communication technologies became in previous years a basic for systemic, process and structural changes on all levels of governance of the society. New technologies and network enable a completely different approach to and work with information resources, as regards quality and quantity. People are acquiring more and more skills necessary for working with new technologies and it is true for an increasing number of professions that a lack of such qualification is a reason for being disadvantaged or even excluded from the labour market.


Poverty is still one of the problems that exist in Indonesia, one of the areas that have a fairly high poverty rate is the city of Yogyakarta. Several innovations continue to be made to reduce poverty, one of which is the Gandeng Gendong innovation. This innovation is an innovation that involves five stakeholders (City, Corporation, Campus, Community, and Village) in the context of accelerating poverty alleviation by emphasizing community empowerment, improving welfare, and advancing the environment in the City of Yogyakarta. This study aims to find out the effect of gandeng gendong innovation on poverty in the city of Yogyakarta. This study uses a qualitative approach with qualitative data analysis methods Miles and Huberman models. The data used is primary data with data collection techniques by interview, observation, and document study. Interview respondents were taken using the purposive sampling technique. The results of this study indicate that; (1) Regional innovation through the gandeng gendong program plays an important role in empowering and reducing the number of poor people, (2) This innovation has effectively succeeded in increasing welfare and, (3) This innovation has succeeded in creating business independence


Key Word:Image segmentation; TV guided missile; Ostu; Genetic algorithm Abstract. In using the TV-guided missiles to attack targets process, the target image segmentation process directly affects the attack effect. So, choose a suitable image segmentation methods to en- sure high quality target image processing speed, real-time, is particularly important. This paper in- troduces a method which combines the advantages of the genetic algorithm with the advantages of the fast optimization principle and the method of Ostu, to improve the method of Ostu, and Simula- tion on the simulation platform. The simulation results show that the improved algorithm is efficient and effective. Simulation results show that the improved Ostu good treatment effect and the calcu- lation speed of the algorithm is effective.


The ability to obtain images of organic molecules with atomic resolution using qPlus type AFM opened doors for a wide range of applications, including directly characterizing molecular structures [1], probing molecular properties [2], creating new structures [3], and even providing a tool for studying various types of chemical bonds [4]. Using AFM tips to manipulate chemical bonds provided insights into the bond-forming process which is involved in many surface interactions. This is essential for obtaining insights into the physical nature of a chemical bond and its role in many chemical and catalytic mechanisms. However, the controlled breaking of a chemical bond using mechanical forces, along with accurate measurements of these forces, is extremely challenging and its detailed process has not yet been fully understood [5]. Dative bonds are commonly found in transition metal complexes and play vital roles in catalysis, organometallic chemistry, and biochemistry. We studied the break of a single dative bond between a CO molecule and a ferrous phthalocyanine (FePc) complex using AFM together with real-space pseudopotential density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Our results reveal detailed mechanisms of bond breaking by both repulsive and attractive forces. This work advances understanding of the origins of measured forces in dative bond breaking. After dosing CO and FePc on Cu(111) surface at 5 K, some CO molecules can land on FePc and form a OC-Fe bond, high resolution AFM image can identify the chemical structure of the bonded molecule complex [6]. After applying a controlled force to break the bond, the chemical structure of the molecules can be imaged again. The forces acted on the AFM tip during the bond rupture process are recorded. Figure 1 showed the process of dative bond breaking. Our results show that the bond can be ruptured either by applying an attractive force of


Excess weight can cause changes to the body's cells, making the body's cells resistant to the hormone insulin. This can cause blood glucose levels to increase. This study aims to determine blood glucose levels in obese patients and the factors that influence them. This study aims to assess blood glucose levels in obese patients at the North City Health Center and the factors that affect them.The method in this study uses a descriptive quantitative approach. The type of data used is primary data from research results of blood glucose levels in obese patients and secondary data in data from the literature, books, questionnaires, and medical record books. The sampling technique in this study used accidental sampling, with a total sample of 29 people.The results showed that from 29 obese patients, there were 24 people or 82.8% whose blood glucose levels were abnormal, while five people, or 17.2%, had normal blood glucose levels. Factors that affect blood glucose levels in obese patients are gender, age, physical pattern (Body Mass Index/BMI), physical activity, and eating patterns (number of calories). Suggestions to the next researcher are suggested to examine blood sugar levels between the obese and non-obese groups as a comparison.


Abstract : In this report, we describe a cognitive task analysis (CTA) of Airborne Warning and Control Systems (AWACS) Weapons Director teams. We used three different CTA techniques to investigate how Weapons Directors typically perceive, decide, and act with respect to their environment. The results of the CTA were then distilled to provide both a description of the AWACS job and some preliminary specifications for designing the SynTEAM (Synthetic Team Effectiveness Assessment and Modeling) task. SynTEAM is a synthetic team- task environment based on the AWACS. SynTEAM will ultimately be used in laboratory studies aimed at investigating the characteristics of team behavior and cognition.


The Micro-Erosion-Meter was developed about 1970 in order to obtain absolute measurements of rock lowering. The instrument is relatively cheap to construct and consists of an engineering micrometer dial gauge, with measurement probe, bolted onto a tripod framework. The legs rest on stainless steel studs which are permanently inserted into the rock surface. The legs are constructed to allow exact relocation of the meter so that initial and subsequent measurements can be compared after a period of months or years. The construction and method of use of the M.E.M. is described with particular reference to the measurement of the weathering of rock art. See also 16-840. -- AATA


Unavailability of a medical fraud detector encourages the rate of fraud in the healthcare insurance sector to increase by a great extent such that the medical practicians delude the insurance holders very well. Consequently, in order to do away with these fraudulent insurance claims, a system that discovers the fake claims and facilitates in scaling down the rate of insurance claim frauds is essential. Several techniques like Social Network Analysis (SNA), Duplicate and Gap testing, Spike Analysis, Social Customer Relationship Management (SCRM) and Predictive Modelling are utilized in order to attain a system owning to a successful fraud detection process. But, on the contrary, these systems face troubles of a large time and space complexities. To enhance the process of fraud claims detection of the doctors at the insurance company's end the proposed method puts forwards an idea of identifying fraud claims by clustering the claims based on the protocols by using the K-means clustering technique which is then powered with ANN to extract the fraud list and this process is supported by fuzzy logic classification hypothesis.


Increasingly, organizations are becoming aware of the value that is associated with employee mentorship programs, where senior individuals with advanced knowledge and experience (mentors) provide support for, and assist the career progression of junior employees (proteges). Mentors can help new employees adjust to their new organization by providing them the guidance and support they need. They can then continue to act as a mentor by helping their proteges grow and develop within the organization. The present study is one that examined the construct of motivation to mentor, its antecedents and its consequences. Surveys were mailed to MBA Alumni of a large Canadian university, calling for those with mentoring experience to take part. Using theories of motivation, motivation to mentor was examined. Individual personality characteristics of altruism, positive affectivity and locus of control are proposed as independent variables affecting one's motivation to mentor. Job satisfaction was the outcome of motivation that was explored in this study. Findings indicate that the individual personality characteristics discussed are significantly related to motivation to mentor and that job satisfaction with pay and promotion opportunities as well as satisfaction with the nature of the work are two salient outcomes reported by mentors. Theoretical and practical implications, limitations, and future directions are discussed.


Part 1: Theories and Theorists Introduction Theoretical knowledge Factual knowledge Practice knowledge Understanding human beings Part 2: Skills and Interventions Communication, observation, listening and assessment skills Interviewing skills Providing help, direction and guidance Empowerment, negotiation and partnership skills Professional competence and accountability Appendices Appendix 1: Behavioural approaches Appendix 2: Cognitive approaches Appendix 3: Crisis intervention Appendix 4: Ecological approach in social work Appendix 5: Feminist perspectives in social work Appendix 6: Motivational interviewing Appendix 7: Person-centred approaches Appendix 8: Psychological approaches Appendix 9: Radical and activist perspectives in social work Appendix 10: Strengths perspective Appendix 11: Task-centred approaches Appendix 12: Stages of change (or cycle of change) References


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rban poverty has long been a concern of urban and development debates, and has been an important focus in social science research. Informal settlement in Mashhad city is highlighted because of its wide spreading and severity. This study aimed to determine the causes of urban poverty in informal settlement regions. The data were collected from household level questionnaire in 2016 and the Logistic Regression Model was performed to identify the determinants of urban poverty. The data were obtained from 220 households who settled in Shahid Ghorbani quarter using the questionnaire through the Systematic Random technique. Nearly 87% of households of the studied area were below absolute poverty line and 20% of them were below extreme poverty line. Given that all household heads in the sample were married men, significant relationships were observed between poverty and characteristics like "age of household head", "being self-employed", "household size", "the ratio of worker in household", "ownership of house" and "having social security", while factors like "Access to services and infrastructures" and "education" had no significant impact on the likelihood of moving out of poverty. The results also revealed that if the household head is older and self–employed, the likelihood of being poor is gradually diminished. Also if the family members had some kind of social security or owned their houses, household welfare would improve; however, increasing in household size and ratio of worker in household would decrease household welfare. Eventually, the marginal effects of variables were interpreted.


This study aims to present a significant role of simulation in production flow in automotive industry in
Malaysian using discrete-event simulation (DES). This was based on data collection in Painting Shop (PS) in production manufacturing plant. Case experiences indicate that combining data analysis with DES is beneficial in identifying and reducing disturbance or constraints in manufacturing system. The computer simulation enables the reduction of disturbance and constraint in existing capacity suggested improvement in productivity than existing production operation. The study makes a business case that process improvement through reduction of disturbance and constraint can be effectively accomplished with the integrated approach of using widely available inexpensive and user-friendly computer-based tools.


Abstract Background: Hypothyroid adults have a high risk of atherosclerosis, secondary to increased levels of various cholesterol fractions, particularly low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C). We investigated the existence of a correlation between thyroid hormone deficiency and serum lipoproteins and a possible effect of different apolipoprotein E (apoE) phenotypes on lipoprotein levels in 75 infants with hypothyroidism.


In Network control system, the random Network time-delay exists in the forward path and feedback path, which will affect the stability of control system. To eliminate the influence of time-delay, the compensator is installed in Network control system. But the form of compensator in Network control system is alterable, different form for compensator will affect the characteristic of control system in deeply. In the paper, we study the different form for compensators how to affect the characteristic of Network control system, and design an appropriate form of compensator. It also can be proved by theory and experiment that the compensator can avoid the problems of model error and needn't to prediction of the Network time-delay. The compensator can also be used for Network control system of UDP or TCP transport protocols.


The present study is about the application of a four-degree-of-freedom (4DOF) maneuvering mathematical model based on Abkowitz's model for assessing damaged ship maneuverability with initial asymmetry. A scaled model of the Office of Naval Research Tumblehome hull with a damaged compartment was used as the test model. Based on the survivability regulations for naval vessels, the damaged compartment was designed and located near the bow, such that it had an initial heel and trim. Static and dynamic captive model tests were performed on the damaged ship model to determine the maneuvering coefficients for the maneuvering mathematical model. Maneuvering simulations were carried out with the captive model test data and 4DOF maneuvering mathematical model. The advance speed in the maneuver reduced more in the damaged condition than in the intact condition, and maneuverability was severely degraded during starboard turning.


CORDIC can convert the complex operations,which are hard to be directly implemented by hardware circuit,into the simple adding and shift operations,then gradually approach the exact result.It keeps balance between precision,speed and hardware complexity,and thus is widely used in the digital signal processing field.The author first gives the principle of CORDIC,then the implementation of pipelined CORDIC based on FPGA.The results indicate that the output errors are minor and the simulation results are fairly accorded with the theoretical value.


This study analyzed the influence of the Shiryouyoumai Project of Collaboration with Agricultural Commerce and Industry on regional revitalization, in terms of economic ripple effects that "Shiryouyoumai ・ Project" exerts on Shonai northern region, including Yuza and Sakata, Yamagata. We analyzed economic ripple effects using input-output analysis.


Summary Estimates of tree root system biomass are important to understanding the dynamics of forest systems and tree growth. The difficult and time-consuming extraction of woody roots is often a limiting factor when estimating the below-stump biomass. Regression equations of root system biomass on diameter at breast height derived from other studies might be useful for applications in forestry and as a simple input variable for growth models. Data for developing regression equations and, where possible, equations were taken from the recent literature for Picea abies, Pseudotsuga menziesii, Pinus sylvestris, Pinus radiata, Pinus taeda, Fagus sylvatica, Quercus ilex and Quercus douglasii. The equation for Quercus petraea was developed using data from European research projects.


To the Editor:

We read with interest the recently published monograph by Kearon1 describing the natural progression and clinical treatment of venous thromboembolism, including deep vein thrombosis (DVT). In addition to noting that anticoagulation is the standard of care for symptomatic venous thromboembolism, Kearon reports that systemic thrombolytic therapy accelerates the rate of lysis of DVT. However, the author fails to discuss more recent findings suggesting that catheter-directed thrombolysis offers a more successful route of administration for thrombolytic agents such as streptokinase (SK), urokinase (UK), and recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA).

The author refers to an overview of 8 randomized trials conducted between 1968 and 1990, in which the various authors conclude that moderate or marked thrombolysis occurred in 63% of …


The effect of two sources of nitrogen (nitrogen fixation or nitrate assimilation) and gradual water stress on theelectrophoretic spectra of peroxidase, catalase and superoxide dismutase was studied in soybean leaves. An increase in H2O2 production was observed, especially after the prolonged drought treatment. At 50% drought the activity of anionic peroxidase activity for isoenzymes Nos. 2 and 7+8 significantly increased (by 54 and 18%, respectively) in the leaves of nitrate-fed plants compared to the control plants; for nitrogen-fixing plants these values were 31 and 14%, respectively. In the case of cationic peroxidases, the application of 50% drought led to the inhibition of the moderately fast isoenzymes (Nos. 2 and 3, with Rm 0.5 and 0.65, respectively) and the activation of the fastest moving isoenzyme (No. 4, with Rm 0.8) in nitrate-fed soybean. The same tendency was observed in the leaves of nitrogen-fixing plants. The effect of restricted soil humidity on SOD activity was expressed as a change in...


SolarGIS is a new generation web service (http://solargis.info) aimed to increase efficiency and reduce uncertainty in planning and performance assessment of PV systems. SolarGIS is based on more than 10 years of R&D, international collaboration, and experience with previous projects, such as PVGIS. The system consists of high-resolution database of solar radiation and air temperature (which are operationally calculated for Europe, Africa, Asia and Brazil) and some other auxiliary parameters. Solar radiation is calculated from Meteosat Prime and IODC satellites data covering a period from 1994 (2000) to the present. Derived solar parameters are calculated for any fixed-mounted or suntracking PV. Air temperature is derived from atmospheric models from ECMWF and NCEP. SolarGIS integrates previously published and validated PV performance models to simulate module surface reflectivity, non-linearities in the conversion efficiency due to irradiance/temperature outdoor conditions for c-Si, CdTe, and CIS/CIGS modules and shading. Four applications are implemented in the system: (i) iMaps high-resolution global interactive maps and data, (ii) climData interactive and automated access to solar radiation and air temperature; (iii) pvPlanner PV performance simulator with a new concept of simulation algorithms and data formats and (iv) pvSpot – a tool for performance evaluation and monitoring of PV systems. The key innovation of SolarGIS involve: (i) high-resolution and detailed solar radiation database, extensively validated and documented, (ii) Implementation of a new aerosol database from ECMWF into solar radiation model, (iii) Increased accuracy of PV simulation, (iv) Possibilities of near-real time data delivery, (v) Detailed interactive maps, precise geo-positioning and availability of other support data.


Catalogs of moment tensors for more than 8000 earthquakes provide a more objective and complete description of the earthquake source than do focal mechanisms derived from first motions, and therefore moment-tensors provide a valuable resource for tectonic analysis. We here present background information about the properties of moment tensors and examples of moment tensor analysis. We also introduce a new statistic, the seismic consistency Cs, which measures the similarity of earthquakes within a group. Cs is 1.0 if earthquakes are all alike and 0.0 if they cancel one another. Triangle diagrams provide a practical method for defining the fraction of normal, strike-slip, and thrust fault components for an earthquake and are a new graphical method for displaying source properties of groups of earthquakes. We apply these methods to the Harvard centroid moment tensor catalog to study the characteristics of shallow earthquakes (<50 km depth) within 200 km of typical ridge-transform and subduction zone plate boundaries. In this way, we have reached four major conclusions. First, even along relatively simple plate boundaries, there is considerable variation in the type and orientation of earthquake mechanisms. Second, along individual plate boundaries, groups of thrust, normal, or strike-slip earthquakes generally have Cs equal to 0.8 or higher. Thus for many types of tectonic analyses it is unnecessary to add moment tensors to study seismic deformation; rather, it is sufficient to add scalar earthquake moments of the individual events. Third, moment tensors for some individual earthquakes are quite different from those produced by slip along a planar fault. However, summing up moment tensors shows that the deformation pattern produced by groups of earthquakes is generally more like fault slip than the pattern of typical earthquakes within the group. Fourth, by dividing the sum of moments by the velocity of plate motion and the length of the boundary, we calculate Rmom, the efficiency of seismic moment produced along individual plate boundaries. For the 12.75 years of data available, normal fault earthquakes along spreading ridges produce moment less efficiently than strike-slip earthquakes along transforms. These in turn produce moment less efficiently than thrust earthquakes along subduction zones. For ridge-transform earthquakes, boundaries with fast plate velocities produce seismic moment less efficiently than do boundaries with slow velocities.


H&O Why is body surface area–based dosing the dominant approach in cancer therapies?AS Cancer patients have a highly variable capacity to metabolize and eliminate commonly administered drugs. Th is variability originates from a combination of physiologic variables and intrinsic characteristics, such as genetic components, as well as environmental factors, which together determine a patient's phenotype. Many anticancer agents are characterized by unique pharma-cokinetic profi les and narrow therapeutic windows. Th is narrow window means that a small variation in dose can lead to severe and potentially life-threatening side eff ects in some individuals, while other patients may experi-ence poor antitumor eff ects when the dose is lowered to avoid toxicity. Obtaining therapeutic benefi t is, of course, of primary importance to oncologists, particularly when the disease is curable. Likewise, avoiding unacceptable toxicity is also a primary concern, particularly for patients with impaired renal or hepatic functions. In order to eliminate variability between patients due to physiologic, genetic, and environ-mental factors, drug dose has been adjusted on the basis of body surface area (BSA). Th is strategy is very common across the spectrum of chemotherapeutic agents, and has been applied for a variety of reasons, as follows.First, it has been established for several decades now that there are correlations between BSA and several specifi c patient characteristics including glomerular fi ltration rates, blood volume, and basal metabolic rate. Th ese correlations have been assumed to provide a suffi cient foundation for individualizing doses of chemotherapeutic agents. Also, the starting doses of many cancer drugs cur-rently in use are based on information derived from studies in animal models in which the dose was calcu-lated relative to BSA or body weight. In animal studies, doses are generally tested until the "LD-10"—the dose at which 10% of animals die from the agent—is reached. In human studies, the fi rst dose employed is usually derived from information obtained in animals (for example, one tenth of the LD-10). Finally, as early as the 1950s, studies attempting to defi ne more accurate methods for the administration of cytotoxic drugs in children have suggested a role for BSA in drug dose calculation. In one particularly well known study, published in 1958, Dr. Pinkel applied a BSA-based formula for dosing cancer drugs in pediatric patients in order to determine the optimal doses for this patient subgroup. Calculating drug doses per unit of BSA, the investigator found similar fi gures across a range of agents tested for adults and children, leading him to recommend the use of BSA to normalize the dose of cytotoxic agents in pediatric oncology. Since the publication of his report, the use of BSA for dose calculation has become standard practice for virtually all cytotoxic drugs in adults, with-out further investigation into the relationship—or lack thereof—between drug eff ect and BSA.H&O What problems are associated with BSA-based dosing, and what advantages do alternative strategies offer?AS It has been demonstrated that the interindividual pharmacokinetic variability for some anticancer drugs is actually higher when the parameter of interest is expressed relative to BSA (for example, clearance expressed in L/h/m


The tirailleurs indigènes, as cinematic figures, occupy an ex-centric place in contemporary French cinema... This article is available in Studies in 20th Century Literature: http://newprairiepress.org/sttcl/vol23/iss1/9 Mourning, Memorials, and Filmic Traces: Reinscribing the Corps strangers and Unknown Soldiers in Bertrand Tavernier's Films Panivong Norindr University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee The tirailleurs indigenes, as cinematic figures, occupy an excentric place in contemporary French cinema. They are virtually absent from the screen or appear in the background as figurants or "extras," which explains, in part, why they have been completely overlooked by the spectator-critic. Their inscriptions in the filmic image, however marginal, may reveal the "cinders of the unconscious" (Derrida, Cinders 7) and give insights into the confrontational strategies used by French cinematographers in their attempt to represent and question French colonialism and its legacy.' My purpose is to go on the "trail" or "cinder path" of the corps strangers and attempt to locate their "remains without remainder," that is to say, to exhume the tirailleurs indigenes as filmic traces in French films set during the Great War, which will allow me to examine a peculiar type of "retrait" 'withdrawal' of these figures from our collective memory and their "reappropriation or mourning" in the filmic image and in public memorials. I will be particularly attentive to a mode of filmic representation that both bears witness and memorializes, and paradoxically, induces forgetting, divesting the viewer of the obligation to remember.' To understand how a French filmmaker such as Bertrand Tavernier constitutes the tirailleurs indigenes as marginal subjects of cinema in his filmic practice, I first want to trace the vicissitudes of the figure of the tirailleur and its transfigurations, placing them in a more complex cultural memory. The tirailleurs indigenes entered French consciousness during the Great War. Mobilized in great numbers, they fought alongside French soldiers and acquired, very 1 Norindr: Mourning, Memorials, and Filmic Traces: Reinscribing the "Corps s Published by New Prairie Press 118 STCL, Volume 23, No.1 (Winter, 1999) early on, the reputation of being fierce and loyal combatants.' As troupes de choc, these native infantrymen were deployed in some of the bloodiest battle zones, in the Somme, on the Marne, and in the Chemin des Dames, suffering heavy casualties while serving, some say, as "chair a canon" 'cannon fodder.' Gramsci postulated long ago that "the war of position demands enormous sacrifices by infinite masses of people" (Forgacs 230). To distract public opinion, and to boost the troops' morale, the French high command focused on their courageous military deeds, on their loyalty to the Republic, releasing these heroic faits d'arme to French newspapers, information carefully disseminated by military propagandists for public consumption. Military filmmakers, for instance, selected images of smiling tirailleurs, marching in military parades,' proudly posturing in their exotic costumes or dancing around campfires,' producing the image of happy, invincible infantryman. The psycho-pathological effects of war on these geographically and culturally dislocated soldiers were carefully concealed and edited out. Newspapers and illustrated magazines such as Le Petit Parisien and L'Illustration also diffused images of the courageous and virile tirailleurs, while at the same time propagating cartoons of tirailleurs in the arms of pretty French nurses, marraines de guerre, and society women. Even when these tirailleurs are represented in scenes of war, as in the famous poster commemorating theJournee de l'Armie d'Afrique et des troupes coloniales, they seem unconquerable, as the postcards of the well known series of Gloire a la plus Grande France also suggest.' The abundance and proliferation of these types of images contributed to confer upon the tirailleurs a new identity that I have dubbed the drole de zouave. What is implied in the term drole de zouave? The etymology of the word zouave provides us with a fascinating genealogy. The name was used as early as 1830 during the French conquest of Algeria. Zouave comes from the Arabo-Berber zweiwa and describes a Kabyle tribe of Djurdjura where the "dey recruited a militia," from which the first contingent of zouaves, "auxiliary troops," was drawn. Progressively organized and integrated to the Armee d'Afrique, these men participated in many French military campaigns, in far-flung regions of the world such as Crimea, Mexico, and Indochina. Non-French elements were removed from both the zouaves and the chasseurs d'Afrique when the native corps of Algerian tirailleurs or turcos and spahis reguliers were created (Bouche 30). How a French army corps takes on the attributes of an "indigenous troop"-even dress2 Studies in 20th & 21st Century Literature, Vol. 23, Iss. 1 [1999], Art. 9 http://newprairiepress.org/sttcl/vol23/iss1/9 DOI: 10.4148/2334-4415.1458


her goal, Hepner elaborates on the past and present, using both a great deal of historical data and some interesting personal narratives. She provides a solid view of the Eritrean Peoples Liberation Front (EPLF) as building a 'synthetic nationalism' among people in Eritrea and the diaspora, and describes in depth the institutions making up the structural organisation of the Eritrean nation-state through time. The reader's perception of the implications of history on people's lives is enhanced by Hepner's sincere reflexive approach. Her emotional responses to the socio-political issues are often embedded in the text, revealing the intensity that the Eritrean situation elicits. This is certainly what we learn from the first chapter as she describes her tears after a telephone conversation with a friend in the Eritrean army and leads the reader deeper into her anxiety over the Eritrean political apparatus by recounting a nightmare she had. This dream provides the starting point for her description of transnational political tensions. In underlining her personal experiences and reactions, Hepner is the first author to show how foreign researchers becoming involved in Eritrean affairs start to respond personally to the country's history and political debate. Many such people become 'white Eritreans', as she jokingly describes herself. Political anxiety stemming from the memorably powerful struggle for independence and the birth and growth of the Eritrean nationstate that have followed draw everyone in. Nevertheless, this is also a problem of the field of Eritrean studies as a whole and, as a result, the literature on the Eritrean diaspora suffers from an emotive gaze producing polarised, politicised and polemical analyses. Concern over the political repression of the structural apparatus tends to overshadow analytical ability. The result is a quasicompulsory focus either on the repressive political apparatus tout court, or on its history, whose continuity and coherence Hepner, like others before her, tries to demonstrate. Hepner thus strives to show how EPLF apparatuses and political ideologies have led to the country's present one-party government totalitarianism. Since illuminating the detail of structural development is a highly elaborate task, social and comparative analysis that delves beyond the history of institutions and ideologies ends up being neglected. In her preface, Hepner defines the volume as a work of critical social history achieved through anthropological methods; the latter have, however, unfortunately been obscured by the book's strong historical focus. Migrationists might look to this book for an account of the influences of war, of migration itself and of community formation. But the analysis focuses on the institutionalisation of the transnationalist Eritrean political apparatus, and little is said about the American terrain where all this is played out. Indeed, this work focuses on 'Eritrea in Exile', as the author entitles one of her chapters, and not on Eritreans in the USA. However, I recommend Hepner's book to anyone interested in the relationship between conflict and migration and especially to those seeking analysis of how structures of transnational nationalism are formed.


Ventilation controller in high way mountain tunnel operates air-flow inside tunnel based on condition. For monitoring the condition, environment sensor is installed on the tunnel. In fire accident, to make safety space for people to leave from danger is realized by controlling smoke movement. Although pressure difference is an index of ventilating effectiveness in smoke control, existing sensors cannot measure correctly. Our proposed sensor, called QooPass, measures pressure difference and gradient direction by 25 pressure sensors. For evaluation of potential to measure pressure difference and gradient direction, QooPass was verified in wind tunnel. As a result, our sensor showed similar tendency in all different installing direction. The estimation accuracy was error of 10 degrees. The pressure difference under different wind speeds was able to be detected. Those results were evaluated by observing a change of pressure value. Evaluation showed a potential to measure gradient by our proposed method.


The differential diagnosis of anterior chest pain has always been an important problem in clinical medicine. In the past few decades, it has grown steadily in importance and clinicians have become increasingly aware of the manifestations of coronary artery disease and its potentially malignant nature. This disease is so common and its recognition so essential that the clinician may feel safe in considering it as a possibility in any patient complaining of pain in the anterior chest wall. This is particularly true if the patient has an authenticated history of myocardial infarction or is in the so-called coronary age group. On the other hand, there are innumerable noncardiac conditions, visceral as well as somatic, that give rise to anterior chest pain and are to be suspected if one is to avoid an unwarranted diagnosis of coronary artery disease and the resultant unwise restrictions and their psychological consequences. It is well


The electrification of transport has been no exception for waterborne vessels. The reduction of emissions, especially during port maneuvering and operation, has accelerated the transition from fossil fuel to electric propulsion. Moreover, military vessels, with specialized electric weapon systems, or civil vessels, like offshore wind tug boats, have high power systems that additionally contribute to a higher electrification of the ship grid. Energy storage systems are essential to meet the power load economically and to improve the system`s reliability and efficiency. Therefore, the use of high energy density storage systems, as chemical batteries, or hydrogen fuel cells, has experienced a significant increase in demand. However, during high frequency load fluctuations, high energy density storage systems are not capable to actuate, since the discharge rate of these systems is physically limited, which may provoke: deterioration and reduction of the lifetime of the storage systems, voltage and frequency fluctuation of the ship grid. To overcome this limitation, this paper studies the use of a Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage (SMES) as a supporting energy storage device for the ship grid. The guidelines for dimensioning, in power and energy, the SMES are stablished. Furthermore, an optimization method is developed in order to compare different superconducting materials, and operating temperatures.


Introduction: Functionally specific efferent renal sympathetic nerves fire selectively in response to distinct hemodynamic afferent inputs. Using norepinephrine spillover, our group detected a hear...


A telephone survey was undertaken to identify differences in condom use between young unmarried Hispanic men and women and to assess whether Hispanic culture influences sex behavior including condom use. The response rate for the 30-minute interviews was 74% among the total sample of 1600 people aged 18-49 years old. Analysis of a subsample of 389 men and 360 women aged 18-24 years showed that 41% of men and 15% of women reported having 2 or more sexual partners 37% of men and 41% of women had 1 partner and 23% of men and 44% of women had no partners in the year preceding the interview. Women reported condom use almost as much as men with a third of those with 1 partner using condoms about half of those with multiple partners using condoms and over half using condoms during their most recent sexual encounter. However women were less likely then men to carry condoms. Women were found to be less comfortable than men having sex with the lights on (37 vs. 44%) or being naked in front of their partner (26 vs. 44%). This sexual comfort was related to condom use; more of those comfortable with sex could use condoms without spoiling the mood. Comfort with being naked was even more predictive of successful condom use with women than with men. This subsample had the following beliefs: it is harmful for a man not to ejaculate (53% of men and 51% of women); it is disrespectful to talk about sex (36% of men and 36% of women); and men cannot control sexual desires (51% of men and 36% of women). These beliefs are also related to successful condom use: women who thought it was disrespectful to talk about sex or dangerous to know about sex were less likely to use condoms. These data suggest that a radical new approach is needed to promote condoms among Hispanics. Interventions should aim to increase comfort with sexuality and combat sexual myths.


Accurate medical image registration is highly important for the quantitative analysis of infant brain dynamic development in the first year of life. However, the deformable registration of infant brain magnetic resonance (MR) images is highly challenging for the following two reasons: First, there are very large anatomical and appearance variations in these longitudinal images; Second, there is a one-to-many correspondence in appearance between global anatomical tissues and the small local tissues therein. In this paper, we use a CNN (convolution neural network)-based global-and-local-label-driven deformable registration scheme. Two to-be-registered image patches are input into the UNet-style regression network. Then, a dense displacement field (DDF) between them is obtained by optimizing the total loss function between two corresponding label patches. Global and local label patches are used only during training. During inference, two new MR images are divided into many patch pairs and fed into the trained network. By averaging the deformation of the patches at the same location, the final 3D DDF between the two whole images is obtained. The highlight is that the global (white matter (WM), gray matter (GM), and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)) and local tissues can be registered simultaneously without any prior ground-truth deformation. Especially for the local hippocampal tissues, the Dice ratios are substantially improved after registration via our method. Experimental results are presented on the intrasubject and intersubject registration of infant brain MR images between different time points, and the intersubject registration of brain T1-weighted MR images on the OASIS-1 dataset, according to which the proposed method realizes higher accuracy on both global and local tissues compared with state-of-the-art registration methods.


Intense competition in business not only slashes profitability but can also cause a slowdown in the growth of a company. Moreover, the competitive advantage competitive strategy that is often used by many companies is no longer sustainable. The disruptive era makes efforts to maintain competitive advantage short-lived.The purpose of this research is to explore the Blue Ocean Strategy approach to be able to leverage the long-term business strategy for the land transporter company PT Lookman Djaja in order to become an innovative family company and continue to grow across generations. This research was conducted for six months starting from February 2021 to July 2021. The research was conducted using a qualitative descriptive method Creswell (2014) with informants consisting of 3 members of the board of directors, 3 employees from the marketing, accounting and operational divisions, along with 18 customers of PT Lookman Djaja who have a deep understanding of the company. Testing the data in this study was carried out using the data triangulation method. The results of this study are: 1) Strategy Canvas which provides an overview of the current conditions of the competitive arena: advantages and disadvantages of PT Lookman Djaja compared to its competitors, 2) ERRC matrix where PT Lookman Djaja can simultaneously eliminate, reduce, increase and create factors that offered to create value innovation, 3) Three paths from the Six Paths Framework that can be implemented by PT Lookman Djaja to reconstruct industry boundaries. In this research, finally found a new innovation strategy are warehousing service, multimode and information system.

Keywords: Blue Ocean Strategy, Business Strategy, Land Transporter, Value Innovation, multimode.


Batillaria snails are a dominant group in the tidal wetlands along the Japanese coast. In this study, we monitored the metals concentration in the sediments and in the soft tissue of B. cumingii, which is the direct-developing snail, collected from Kasai-oki and Banzu tidalfl ats located in Tokyo Bay and Nakatsu tidalfl ats at Oita Prefecture. The metals concentration such as Cr, Co, Ni, Cu and Zn in the sediment of Kasai-oki was higher than that of other's. The Cd concentration in sediments of Banzu was lower than that of Nakatsu, but the Cd in the soft tissue of the snails from Banzu tidalfl at showed higher concentration than that of Nakatsu. The snails of Banzu tidalfl at represented higher amounts of MTLPs (metallothionein-like-proteins), which were calculated by using Cdchelex assay, than the snails of Nakatsu tidalfl ats. It is seemed that some environmental stress might be force the snails to represent MTs (metallothioneins) in their body, therefore, the relationship between metals concentration in the sediments and in the snail bodies was not confi rmed.


The article is devoted to the development of a conceptual model for studying the features of coordination functions (static, dynamic, spatial, object and symbolic coordination) in hearing-impaired children of primary school age based on the results of a pilot study. As you know, the relationship between auditory perception and coordination functions is determined not only by the visual analyzer, but also by the auditory one. The signals coming from the auditory and visual analyzer are the regulators of human movements. Therefore, the loss of the auditory canal from this system leads to a violation of the development of coordination functions, and subsequently affects the mental development of the child, his relationship with other people and adaptation in society. As a key approach to understanding the features of coordination functions, the level psychophysiological theory of N.A. Bernstein (provisions on the theory of the coordination function), according to which each new systemic level of movement construction develops on the basis of the previous one and includes it, and the previous level acquires a new quality and is enriched at the expense of the next one. In our study, the movement building system is five-level and includes the level of static coordination (A), the level of dynamic coordination (B), the level of spatial coordination (C) and the level of object coordination (D) and the level of symbolic coordination (E). In accordance with the results obtained, there is an immaturity of coordination functions and a decrease in their dynamic characteristics such as tempo and accuracy, which indicates the insufficiency of all these levels of movement organization in children of primary school age with sensorineural hearing loss in comparison with children without hearing impairment.


Let p be a prime and T a lattice inside a semi-stable representation V. We prove that Kisin modules associated to T by selecting different uniformizers are isomorphic after tensoring a subring in

 {W(R)}

 . As consequences, we show that several lattices inside the filtered

 {(\varphi,N)}

 -module of V constructed from Kisin modules are independent on the choice of uniformizers. Finally, we use a similar strategy to show that the Wach module can be recovered from the

 {(\varphi,\hat{G})}

 -module associated to T when V is crystalline and the base field is unramified.


Summary: Under the conditions of overall antibiotic resistance of microorganisms, the search for new ways of fighting pathogens of infectious and inflammatory diseases becomes vital. Currently, therapeutic bacteriophages are extremely promising. The article offers a review of research on the use of bacteriophages in the treatment of infections in obstetric, gynecological and urological practice. The accumulated clinical experience demonstrates high efficacy and safety of therapeutic and prophylactic preparations based on bacteriophages. Moreover, the key causative agents of urogenital infections remain highly sensitive to phages thus providing great opportunities and prospects for phage therapy in infectious and inflammatory uro-gynaecological diseases.


This book was written by George Alfred Lawrence and published by Harper & Brothers, New York, in 1857. This book is a work of fiction.


Cation exchange membranes were prepared with 2,3-epithiopropyl methacrylate (ETMA)-2-acrylamide-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) copolymers. Transport of uranyl ion against its concentration gradient through the membranes was investigated by using a system containing carbonate solution (left side) and uranyl ion (and other metal ion) solution (right side). ETMA–AMPS copolymer membranes transported UO2+2 against its concentration gradient. Na2CO3 solution was most effective as receiving solution for the uphill transport of UO2+2. The transport was greatly affected by the composition of the copolymer membranes. Highly selective transport of UO2+2 from the solution containing UO2+2 and other metal ions was observed by using Na2CO3 solution in the left side. The main driving force for this transport of UO2+2 is the high complex-formation ability of UO2+2 with CO2−3.


Objective:In order to Electroacupuncture Zusanli point(ST-36) in gastric ischemia-reperfusioned rats,observing the influence of electroacupuncture to the E-selectin expression in gastric tissue on ischemia-reperfusion state.Methods:The models were divided into three groups:The normal group、the gastric ischemia-reperfusion group (control group) and the pathological model of electro-acupuncture stimulation group;The immunohistochemical methods was used to observe the effects of electro-acupuncture Zusanli points before and after gastric tissue E-selectin expression in the three groups.Results:(1)The areas of E-selectin expression of the gastric tissues of the contrasted group have an increasing tendency Significantly than the normal group(P 0.01).(2)The areas of E-selectin expression of the gastric tissues of the electro-acupuncture group have decreased compared with that of the contrasted group.(3) There is a significant statistical difference between the E-selectin expression between the electro-acupuncture group and the normal group(P 0.01).Conclusion:The E-selectin expression of endothelial cells in the microvascular and capillary vessels in the electro-acupunctured group has a decreasing trend during the course of gastric ischemiareperfusion than the control group by electro-acupuncture Zusanli point(ST-36).


Newly developed miniature wireless inertial measurement units (IMUs) hold great promise for measuring and analyzing multibody system dynamics. This relatively inexpensive technology enables non-invasive motion tracking in broad applications, including human motion analysis. The second part of this two-part paper advances the use of an array of IMUs to estimate the joint reactions (forces and moments) in multibody systems via inverse dynamic modeling. In particular, this paper reports a benchmark experiment on a double-pendulum that reveals the accuracy of IMU-informed estimates of joint reactions. The estimated reactions are compared to those measured by high precision miniature (6 dof) load cells. Results from ten trials demonstrate that IMU-informed estimates of the three dimensional reaction forces remain within 5.0% RMS of the load cell measurements and with correlation coefficients greater than 0.95 on average. Similarly, the IMU-informed estimates of the three dimensional reaction moments remain within 5.9% RMS of the load cell measurements and with correlation coefficients greater than 0.88 on average. The sensitivity of these estimates to mass center location is discussed. Looking ahead, this benchmarking study supports the promising and broad use of this technology for estimating joint reactions in human motion applications.Copyright © 2013 by ASME


University-level software engineering education faces the challenge of providing both fundamental concepts while delivering to their students the latest trend in tools and practices. However, software engineering programs may not be capable of solving those challenges with their own resources. In this paper, we present our experience in solving those challenges by cooperating with an industrial partner by developing a collaboration program to provide knowledge of the latest industrial software engineering practice. We discovered that the program has several other benefits besides providing knowledge of industrial software engineering practice. However, challenges and concerns still need to be solved and addressed to ensure the proper execution of the collaboration program.


In order to evaluation the effect of seed osmo-prim ing by polyethylene glycol (PEG 6000) on safflower (cv. Pdideh) seed germination and seedling growth, a laboratory experiment was carried out at the Agronomy Departme nt of Agriculture Faculty of Shahid Chamran University, A hvaz, Iran, during 2011. Seeds primed with four osm otic potential levels (i.e. distilled water; OP 0, -2 MPa; OP -2, -4 MPa; OP -4 and -6 MPa; OP -6) for 12 (D 12 ), 24 (D 24 ) and 36 (D 36 ) hours priming duration. Experiment was arranged f actorial (4 ◊ 3) in a completely randomized design with three replications. In this study, seed germination percentage, germination rate, plumule and radicle length, radicle to plumule ratio, seed vigor index as well as plumu le and radicle weight were investigated. Our result s showed that, all studied traits significantly affected by osmotic potential levels except germination percentage an d plumule weight. Also, osmo-priming duration had significant effect on all germination and seedling growth char acteristic except plumule weight. Plumule and radicle lengths, seed vigor index and radicle weight significantly affected by interaction of treatments. All studied traits decre ased by decreasing of osmotic potential levels. The refore, OP -6 and D36 had the most inhibitory effect on studied characte ristics. In general, results of present study sugge st that, osmotic potential increasing and reduction of primi ng duration could improve seed germination and seed ling growth parameters of safflower.


The structure and relative stability of different lactone-Cu+ complexes, including cycles changing from four to six-membered rings, have been investigated through the use of density functional theory methods. The geometries and vibrational frequencies were calculated at the B3LYP/6-311G(d,p) level. Final energies were obtained in single point calculations carried out at the B3LYP/6-311+G(2df,2p) level of theory. Upon interaction with Cu+ in the gas phase, lactones behave in a rather similar way as they do in protonation processes. Systematically the global minimum of the potential energy surface corresponds to the attachment of the metal cation to the carbonyl oxygen cis with respect to the ether-like oxygen. Also, similarly to proton affinities, the calculated Cu+ binding energies increase with the size of the system. The unsaturated compounds are found to be only slightly more basic than the saturated counterparts. Cu+ attachment leads to significant bond activation and bond reinforcement effects, reflected in redshiftings and blueshiftings of the stretching frequencies, respectively. Cu+ is able to form agostic bonds with some of the CH2 groups of the lactone moiety. These agostic complexes can be good precursors for the unimolecular loss of H2, which very likely should be observed in the mass spectra.


FT(FLOWERING LOCUS T) is one of the crucial integrators in flowering regulatory pathways,a key floral control factor and a florigen 'encoding' gene.Increasing researches revealed that FT protein and its orthologues are indispensable component of mobile signal 'florigen'.Nevertheless,FT mRNA is a potential component of floral stimuli.In addition,FT and its orthologues were implicated in flowering initiation associated with ageing and induced by stresses,also in controlling of vegetative growth,morphogenesis of reproductive and vegetative organs,source-sink relationship and organ abscission.This article reviewed the latest pleiotropic functions and hierarchs of FT and its orthologues in plant development.


There are many categories of abuse for vulnerable adults that are recognized within care. Stephen Phillips and Anne Phillips discuss diabetes-related factors that need special consideration when assessing patients at risk of abuse