We have described an electromagnetic field confined in a cubic cavity filled with a conductive medium from the viewpoint of quantum mechanics; we have also described the field propagating under periodic boundary conditions, and the field having continuous modes, from the viewpoint of quantum mechanics. The amplitudes of both the electric and magnetic fields decrease exponentially with time due to the conductivity of the medium. This result exactly coincides with a classical electrodynamic analysis.


As a general software, geometry parameter of tools, velocity and revolution of principal axis offered by MasterCAM basic turning tooldatabase don't completely suit for those in modem enterprise. To make it closer to produce and elevate produce effciency it is necessary to manage well MasterCAM turning tooldatabase. We mainly exoatiate on how to develop and utilize turning tooldatabase in eyes of practice.


The characteristics of dry matter production of rice grown on the natural waters with that of ricegrown in the paddy field were investigated. The results showed that: (1) the yield of rice grown on waters increasedby 12 percent compared with that in paddy fields; (2) the total dry matter production was similar with that of paddyrice at the early stage, while higher at the middle and later stage, the percentage of dry matter accumulated aftertillering increased by 3.4 percent points; (3) the dry matter of green leaves was similar with that of paddy rice atthe early stage, and increased by 30 percent at the middle and late stage; (4) the dry matter of stem and sheath washigher than that of paddy rice at the early and middle stage. but lower at the later stage. The contribution of stemand sheath to the yield was less than that of paddy rice.


Based on the field investigations and sampling as well as laboratory analysis of geochemistry elements(Li,Rb,Sr,Ba,Li/Ba,Rb/Sr),optically luminescence(OSL) and AMS 14C dating of natural profile in YC country in Liyang plain,this paper revealed the high-resolution climatic events from the last glacial to the earlier Holocence.The results show late period of MIS 3(31.80-23.80 ka BP)with rather warm and wet climate condition recorded by the YC profile from geochemical evidences,the sediments of the correspondent stratigraphy have much more iron-manganese nodules,and have high values of Li contents,Rb contents,Rb/Sr ratio and Li/Ba ratio,but have low values of Sr content and Ba content in this layer,which indicating that winter monsoon weakened,and summer monsoon increased,and the precipitation increased and the temperature rose in this area,therefore the weathering action became intensive.Moreover,sediments of YC profile have well recorded the climatic environmental change during 56.00-6.96 ka BP in Liyang plain.Four stages of climatic change can be found in Liyang plain.Four stages of climate change are as follows: cold and dry period(56.00-31.80 ka BP),relative warm and wet period(31.80-23.80 ka BP),cold and wet period(23.80-10.60 ka BP) and warm and wet period(10.60-6.96 ka BP).


Clinical Need and Objectives: Our previous reports suggest that keratin 17 (K17), an intermediate filament (IF), is an oncoprotein and biomarker of the most aggressive and treatment-resistant form of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Importantly, K17 transitions from its "insoluble" IF form to a "soluble" form that can regulate cell cycle progression and gene expression, though the mechanisms that mediate K17 solubilization are yet unknown. Determining these mechanisms may uncover new keratin 17-specific PDAC therapeutic vulnerabilities. Methods and Results: We found that in human and murine PDAC models, the soluble fraction of K17 exists in the full-length form (flK17) and as a caspase-cleaved peptide (ccK17), each with potential roles as biomarkers and/or functional drivers of PDAC aggression. In a PDAC tumor mouse model and human samples, we show, independent of total K17 protein amount, that the percent of soluble and ccK17 in tumor cells is negatively prognostic. We sequenced both the soluble and cytoskeletal insoluble forms of K17 from primary PDACs using liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and identified that K17 is phosphorylated on several N-terminal serine residues, some of which identify a semiconserved IF motif that may regulate caspase cleavage and solubilization. Serine phosphatase inhibition in vitro demonstrated that phosphorylation is necessary to trigger K17 solubilization followed by nuclear translocation. Mutagenesis of N-terminal serine sites demonstrated that phosphorylation of three serine residues is sufficient to solubilize K17 from its filamentous state, and that phosphorylation of K17 by a PKC-RSK signaling pathway is likely to induce solubilization. In vitro and in vivo experiments are ongoing to address the functional role of this mechanism in regulating PDAC pathogenesis. Conclusion: Phosphorylation is an important regulator of K17 dynamics in PDAC, promoting solubilization and, in some cases, caspase cleavage. Our results suggest that soluble K17 may have a functional role in promoting tumor aggression. Inhibiting RSK or PKC kinases that phosphorylate K17 could impact tumor growth by blocking K17 solubilization/cleavage, and this line of research could accelerate the development of more effective treatments, coupled to soluble K17 testing as a predictive biomarker for PDAC. Citation Format: Ryan R. Kawalerski, Lucia Roa-Pena, Luke A. Torre-Healy, Taryn Boyle, Cindy V. Leiton, Natasha T. Snider, Kenneth R. Shroyer, Luisa F. Escobar-Hoyos. Oncogenic mechanism of soluble keratin 17 offers potential therapeutic vulnerability in pancreatic cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Pancreatic Cancer: Advances in Science and Clinical Care; 2019 Sept 6-9; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(24 Suppl):Abstract nr C26.


accurate quantized resistance over a 9 T range starting from 10 T on the � = 2 plateau, at a temperature of 1.4 K, in a large Hall bar QHRS made of graphene grown by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) on SiC. The relative discrepancy between the quantized Hall resistances in the graphene sample and in a reference GaAs one is equal to ( 2 ± 4) × 10 −10 . Using a current amplifier based on a superconducting quantum interference device to study the low dissipation in the QHE regime, we show that the physics of the Hall resistance plateau is characterized by a localization length of states at Fermi energy locked to the magnetic length over a large magnetic field range. This behavior is correlated with the structural properties of the CVD graphene. These results give a new proof of the universality of the QHE and constitute a further step towards a more convenient QHRS. They also demonstrate that CVD on SiC, a recently developed, hybrid and scalable growth technique, is now mature for applications.


Does the future of bioengineering lie in models or experiments? The long-standing debate on how and how much experimental and theoretical research in our field should cooperate can shape the future. This debate means often a choice, early in the bioengineer's career. A bioengineer may prefer to address scientific questions based on experimental tests, or on computational and theoretical analyses. This fundamental choice can drive the future bioengineer's mindset. Unsurprisingly, laboratories and researchers often assemble in separate, competitive teams. Indeed, the way bioengineers tackle a question is shaped by the characteristic techniques – experimental, theoretical, and computational – they are trained for. Here, without neglecting the obvious advantages of specializing exclusively in experimental, or theoretical and computational studies, I advocate a way of doing synergistic research that combine different approaches. Moreover, I believe that bioengineering desperately needs synergy and cooperation to pave the way for significant discoveries. We need efforts to train a new generation of biomedical engineers: individuals who take advantage of these synergies, who design projects accordingly, and who make these approaches work cooperatively.


With the continuous development of modern information technology, online teaching is almost widespread in campus; and online teaching resource construction is an important component of educational informatization, as well as an important guarantee for integration of digital information technology and courses. College teaching resource is inseparable from the network. A well -designed resource system can efficiently organize all kinds of education materials and apply it to everyone who takes part in education, providing information and learning opportunities. This article mainly focuses on the teaching characteristics of college English; puts forward the idea which specializes in the construction of college English network teaching resource database, and further analyzes as well as elaborates the key design points and function modules of English resource database system.


Procedural modeling systems, rule based modeling systems, and a method for converting a procedural model to a rule based model are described. Simulation models are used to represent real time engineering systems. A real time system can be represented by a set of equations or functions connected so that they perform in the same manner as the actual system. Most modeling system languages are based on FORTRAN or some other procedural language. Therefore, they must be enhanced with a reaction capability. Rule based systems are reactive by definition. Once the engineering system has been decomposed into a set of calculations using only basic algebraic unary operations, a knowledge network of calculations and functions can be constructed. The knowledge network required by a rule based system can be generated by a knowledge acquisition tool or a source level compiler. The compiler would take an existing model source file, a syntax template, and a symbol table and generate the knowledge network. Thus, existing procedural models can be translated and executed by a rule based system. Neural models can be provide the high capacity data manipulation required by the most complex real time models.


Enterprise architecture (EA) offers ways to steer and guide the design and evolution of the enterprise, including its information technology (IT). One of the objectives of EA is to support IT decision-making. This study aims to provide EA researchers and practitioners with insight into the linkages between IT decisions and discuss the implications for EA. For this purpose, we carried out a case study in which we analyzed possible linkages between 265 IT decisions. We used a framework that makes a distinction between sequential, precursive and lateral linkages. By reconstructing issue streams of IT decisions we identified the three types of linkages that apply to real situations and analyzed the implications for EA. We argue that each type of linkage requires a different role from EA. Sequential linkages require a high level design, precursive linkages require anticipating guidance and lateral linkages require a devil's advocate.


The astronomer Catherine Cesarsky has been appointed high commissioner of the French Atomic Energy Commission (CEA). Cesarsky will be responsible for advising the French government on policy in all areas in which the CEA is involved. The first woman to hold the post since the CEA was founded in 1945, she succeeds the chemist Bernard Bigot, who has moved sideways to become the agency's general administrator.


This activity aimed to provide knowledge and understanding especially in our society in general about the dangers early marriages. A method of devotion is socialization through training Types of data collected is data primary and secondary. From the observation, early show that one of the factors that promote a early marriages among them fraternization so that the occurrence of pregnant out of wedlock. From early marriages does induce the impact of that is less prepared mentally, easy when the divorce, violence in the household, and also of economic factors.


This paper discloses specification of the concept of fiducial legal relationships in basic branches of the law. Against studying the fiducial legal relationships, various branches of the law (corporate law; family law; and labor law) are implemented in civil law.


An efficient method for the synthesis of fused pyrroloheterocycles from diverse propargyl-substituted heterocycles in the presence of Au-catalyst has been developed. The cascade transformation proceeds via alkyne-vinylidene isomerization with concomitant 1,2-shift of hydrogen, silyl, and stannyl groups. Remarkably, it was also shown that previously unknown 1,2-migration of a germyl group upon alkyne-vinylidene rearrangement occurs under these reaction conditions. This method allows for mild and efficient synthesis of diverse C-2 substituted N-containing heterocycles.


The best method for detecting continuous phase modulation is the maximum-likelihood sequence detection. But its complexity will greatly increase with h decreasing and Land Mincreasing. Hence, we developed an improved method to lower the complexity in detection of continuous phase modulated signals. Combining the Laurent suboptimum detection and Malgorithm, it reduced the detection complexity by matching the number of filers and the number of state trellis. Simulation was performed. The result demonstrated that, with a little degradation in BER, a remarkable receiver complexity reduction of CPMis achieved by using this method.


A new nitride semiconductor, single crystalline ZnGeN2 has been successfully grown by MOCVD for the first time. The epitaxial ZnGeN2 is found to be of hexagonal wurtzite lattice without ordering of the zinc and germanium atoms in the pseudomorphic Group III sublattice. Lattice constants of the ZnGeN2 are a = 3.186 ± 0.007 Α, c = 5.174 ± 0.012 A, which gives c/a = 1.624.


The present study evaluated a program for establishing sound blending and word skills in trainable mentally retarded students. Seven subjects participated. Sound blending was taught in six steps, using words as the beginning units. The training involved procedures to (a) gradually increase pauses between verbally presented stimuli (words, syllables, phonemes) and (b) initially use and then withdraw pictures for prompting blending responses. Word reading was taught in two steps, involving two- and three-letter words. A multiple-probe technique was used for each subject. The data indicated that (a) the procedures were effective for all steps and (b) the training of some steps resulted in increases in correct responding and/or appropriate response (blending and reading) approximations in other untrained steps.


226Background: Uninterrupted utilization of oral oncolytics is critical to maximizing safety and efficacy of cancer treatment. The COVID-19 pandemic presented numerous challenges to delivering a co...


This essay analyzes the right to participation in cultural life in Italy and Spain, having regard to intangible cultural goods. Section I offers a general overview of the concept of participation in cultural life at international level, of the evolution of the notion of cultural rights, and of the emerging model of cultural welfare. Sections II and III provide an account of the contents of the Unesco's Convention for the Safeguarding of Intangible Cultural Heritage and of the Council of Europe's Framework Convention on the Value of Cultural Heritage for Society respectively. In Sections IV and V the attention focuses on the degree of recognition of intangible cultural goods and on the implementation of the right to participation in cultural life at national and regional level in Italy and Spain. Section VI concludes with some reflections on the different approaches adopted by Italy and Spain to these topics.


Objective Chemoport-related thrombosis (CRT) is a serious complication that causes morbidities and interrupts administration of intravenous cancer therapy. We investigated the incidence and risk of CRT in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients treated with bevacizumab (BEV). Methods We retrospectively reviewed 1,534 CRC patients who received chemotherapy with or without BEV using a chemoport between 2014 and 2016. Results The participants had a median age of 58 (18−85) years, and 60.3% were male. All participants were stratified into three groups: adjuvant chemotherapy (AC) (n=670), palliative chemotherapy (PC) without BEV (n=356), and PC with BEV (n=508). The median follow-up was 20.19 (interquartile range, 14.07−27.19) months. CRT occurred in 3.8% of all patients; incidence of symptomatic and asymptomatic CRT was 2.9% and 0.9%, respectively. CRT occurred more in patients with BEV (5.7%) than in patients without BEV (2.9%, P=0.008). The cumulative incidence of CRT in patients administered PC with BEV was significantly higher than that in those administered AC (P=0.011) and there was a trend toward increased CRT in patients administered PC with BEV compared with those administered PC without BEV (P=0.044). Multivariate analysis found that BEV treatment was the only variable that was significantly associated with CRT (hazard ratio, 2.06; 95% confidence interval, 1.24−3.43; P=0.006). Conclusions BEV treatment was significantly associated with increased incidence of CRT in CRC patients.


A generalization of the sampling theorem is presented under the consideration of the reciprocity relation of integral transforms. New sampling formuiae, being based on the generalized sampling theorem presented here, are also given, one of which includes Shannon's sampling theorem as a special case. ttt Zusammenfassung Unter BerUcksichtigung der Reziprozitatsrelation der Integraltransformierten ist eine Verallgemeinerung des Abtast-theorems (sampling-theorems) angegeben. Auf Grund des hieran angegebenen verallgemeinerten Abtast-theorems sind neuen Abtast-formeln auch prasentiert, eine von denen das Shannon'sche Abtasttheorem als einen besonderen Fall enthtilt. gl. Preliminaries The generalization of the sampling theorem and the reconstruction of a bandlimited function from its sampled values and derivatives were made by Kohlenbergi), Foge12), Jagerman and Foge13), Bond and Cahn`), and Linden and Abramson5). The sampling theorem was also generalized by Balakrishnan6) to the case of a continuous-parameter stochastic process. On the other hand, it was pointed out that the sampling intervals need not be uniformly distributed'). In the previous paper8), the authors presented a generalized sampling theorem along the line of consideration of the reciprocity relation of integral transforms and gave some of its examples, which include Someya-Shannon's sampling theorem9}'-i') as a special case. There the sampling intervais were not uniformly distributed. Recently the authors were informed that the sampling theorem was also generalized by Isomitii2) in connection with the generalized frequency domain. Some of his results agreed with those given by the authors8). Here in the present paper, the authors wish to discuss the series-expansion of functions in an orthogonal set of functions, and also to give some of the new sampling formulae. gZ. Generalization of Sampling Theorem Let f<t) belong to L., and let the following reciprocity relations hold: * Institute of Precision Mechanics, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, SapporQ, Japan. ** Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, China. s, ・・r 112 Ei lti TAKIZAWA and Jenn-Lin HWANG F(s)-:-EI,・f=ES.K(s,t).1(<t)dt, for sEB (1) and j(<e-.Eieii・li'iiS.K-V(t,s)F(s)cls.fortEA ・ (2) From (1) and (2), we obtain at once: S. K(s, t) K-V(t, a) dt =6(s-a), (3) and S. rt(t, S) K(S, T) cis =6(t-T), (4) with delta function 6(e. Further we assume that F(s)=O. for s¢DgB (5) e Accordingly, from (2) and (5) we obtain the following expression: f(4 =Y,-i・F-S. K-V(t, s) F(s) cls. (6) Let F(s) be expanded in a complete orthogonal set of functions: (ip,,(s);S.ip.(s)¢,,(s)cls==r.・S.,. (m,n=integers)], (7) in the domain DgB, i.e. I7(s)-Za,,ip.(s). for sED{;IB (8) 7t The expression (8), being multiplied by ¢.,(s) and integrated over D, gives: S.l7(s)¢.,(s)cls-]l,;a.'S.¢.,(s)¢.(s)cis-=4,a.・r.・ti.,.-r,,,・a.,・ (9) From (6), (7), (8), and (9), we obtain: .1(<t) = g;i・F = Z a.・.Zgi・¢,, n = lil,l( i, i. F(s) ¢7b(s) cis)・S. K'V(t, s) ip.(s) ds. (io) If the functions f<t), {¢,,(s)}, and the integral kernels K(s, t) and kV(t, s), given, then we can construct a series-expansion of .f<t) by means of (10). If we can take: i ¢.(s)=K(R,.s), for sED (11) with constants 2., i.e. if the kernel K(2., s) can be put equal to ip.(s), then expression (10) is simplified into: . f(t) = Z. ( rl, j.F(S) K"(2n, S) ds)'I. K'V(t, s) K-'(Rn, s) cls are


We simplify a criterion (due to Ibarlucía and the author) which characterizes dynamical simplices, that is, sets $K$ of probability measures on a Cantor space $X$ for which there exists a minimal homeomorphism of $X$ whose set of invariant measures coincides with $K$ . We then point out that this criterion is related to Fraïssé theory, and use that connection to provide a new proof of Downarowicz' theorem stating that any non-empty metrizable Choquet simplex is affinely homeomorphic to a dynamical simplex. The construction enables us to prove that there exist minimal homeomorphisms of a Cantor space which are speedup equivalent but not orbit equivalent, answering a question of Ash.


Strawinsky's published writings are subservient to his work as a composer. Their prime purpose is to warn, to correct, to explain; and it has been necessary for him to do this, partly because his own music has been so often misinterpreted and misunderstood, and partly because he is an ardent believer in certain aesthetic standards and his life-time of music has been a continuous challenge to those he considers to be false and untrue.


Information technology has been used in diverse ways. It has been utilized to reduce costs in the public sector and increase consumer satisfaction in the private sector. Technology may also be instrumental in improving individuals' healthy behaviors. For instance, statistics suggest that technology-based interventions may promote healthy sexual behaviors, however, few studies have explored willingness to participate in technology mediated interventions. This study uses Diffusion of Innovation Theory to identify factors that influence one's intention to use a text-message service to receive sexual health information. The results indicate that technology adoption factors rather than risk beliefs and privacy concerns impacted participant's intention to use a text-message intervention. The findings of this study have significant implications for innovative uses of technology to promote health.


I am interested in mild hyperthermia using laser, and developed a new procedure for mild hyperthermia with combination of rotary hand-piece and echo jerry, which is no side effects. I introduce two cases of spontaneous deep masses treated by this procedure. Case 1 is a feline abdominal mass. The mass was treated using laser with rotary hand-piece with 5 W, 30 min at the interval of a week. The cat improved appetite at the third week and decrease of the mass volume was confirmed by x-ray examination on two months after initial treatment. After that, the treatment was continued at the interval of every two weeks for 15 months until the cat died at the 19 years and 3 months. Case 2 is a canine thoracic mass. At the initial treatment, the dog hesitated walking for dyspnea. The mass was treated using laser with rotary hand-piece with 10 W, 30 min at the interval of a week. On the 2 months after initial treatment, the dog recovered until she could walk out door. Improvement of tracheal stenosis was found in X-Ray examination on 5 months. After that, the treatment was continued at the interval of 2 weeks for 19 months and general condition was stable. The mild hyperthermia using the semiconductor laser device for dog and cat has a potency to inhibited progress of the growth of tumor, improved clinical manifestations, and to preserve quality of life.


Soil samples, mainly from eastern and northern Canada, were extracted with sodium hydroxide-pyrophosphate and the centrifuged extracts were fractionated into humic acid, fulvic acid and the polyphenolic component of the fulvic acid fraction. Details of the extraction and fractionation procedure were altered systematically and the effects of these changes on amounts of carbon in the various fractions were studied. A tenfold increase in the ratio of soil to extracting solution resulted in a marked increase (nearly double in some cases) in the ratio of humic acid carbon to fulvic acid carbon (Ch/Cf). Increasing the centrifugal force from 1150 × g to 8200 × g had little effect on Ch, but decreased Cf values. Dissolving and reprecipitating humic acid resulted usually in a decrease in Ch/Cf. Different shaking speeds and times, and extraction under nitrogen rather than air had minor, if any, effects on the Ch/Cf ratios. Most of the podzolic B horizons tested could be distinguished from the other 60 horizons by t...


Ethnobotanical observations were recorded during the floristic survey carried out in Madhya Pradesh for a period of over seven years. The interesting folk-uses, covering eighty eight species of vascular plants which are not recorded in the important published literature, are presented in the paper.


Devices such as mobile phones have made it possible to take part in remote audio conferences regardless of one's physical location. Mobile phones also allow for new ways to interact with other conference participants. We present a study on evaluating the user experiences of a mobile audio conferencing system that was augmented with spatial audio, haptics, and gestures. In a user study groups of participants compared the augmented audio conference based on a mobile phone and headset to a traditional audio conference. The participants' task was to use the two alternative systems in given discussion tasks. The results of the subjective questionnaires showed that the augmented audio conference was perceived as more stimulating (e.g. creative), while the traditional audio conference was perceived as more practical (e.g. straightforward). The results of the group interviews indicated that spatial audio was the most desired feature, and that it had a positive effect on participants' perception of the conversation. Based on our findings, guidelines for the future development of similar systems are presented.


Integrated Marketing Communication is a business process or a strategy used to plan, develop, execute for brand communication program or to describe the product to your customers. The advancement of powerful communication mix in pharmaceutical advertising is complex task which identifies the target audience, deciding the correspondence targets, designing a message, choosing method of delivery and collecting feedback. Pharmaceutical promotion is divided in two phases' in-clinic and out-of-clinic which includes information leaflets, samples, gifts and clinical-trails, seminars, camps, advertisement, etc. The paper describes about Marketing mix which includes product mix, price mix and distribution channels. It also differentiate the promotional tools like internet based, Electronic detailing, Personal selling, E-Sampling used synergistically for prescription and OTC drugs while promoting the pharmaceutical products by using Integrated Marketing Strategy. Pharmaceutical industry faces many challenges like regulatory barriers and doctor's non-readiness for prescribing the drug products this can be overcome by convincing doctors by providing them adequate information about the quality of product and advantages over competitor's edge whereas in case of regulatory they must follow the norms led down by the authorities.

Keywords: IMC, Pharmaceutical, OTC, Marketing Mix, FDA.


Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) have been an enigma since their discovery forty years ago. However, considerable progress unraveling their mysteries has been made in recent years. Developments in observations, theory, and instrumentation have prepared the way so that the next decade can be the one in which we finally answer the question, "What are gamma-ray bursts?" This question encompasses not only what the progenitors are that produce the GRBs, but also how the enormous luminosity of the GRBs, concentrated in gamma rays, is achieved. Observations across the electromagnetic spectrum, from both the ground and space, will be required to fully tackle this important question. This white paper, mostly distilled from a recent study commissioned by the Division of Astrophysics of the American Physical Society, focuses on what very high energy (~100 GeV and above) gamma-ray observations can contribute. Very high energy gamma rays probe the most extreme high energy particle populations in the burst environment, testing models of lepton and proton acceleration in GRBs and constraining the bulk Lorentz factor and opacity of the outflow. Sensitivity improvements of more than an order of magnitude in the very high energy gamma-ray band can be achieved early in the next decade, in order to contribute to this science.


(57) Abstract: with clipper mechanism for sealing the filling continuously moving casing to form individual lengths (16) is mounted on the frame, U-shaped metal only when it is moved forward continuously reciprocate back and forth so as to attach the clip (28, 30).


Nonlinear programming (NLP) problems arise in various fields, such as transport, financial engineering, logistics, urban planning, supply chain management, and power system control. Solving large-scale NLPs are usually so computationally expensive for resource-constrained users within a feasible time. The cost-effective solution is computation outsourcing, but this raises security concerns such as the input and output privacy of the customers, and cheating behaviors of the cloud since NLP problems always carry sensitive information. In this paper, we develop a practical secure and verifiable schema for solving outsourcing large-scale (NLP) with the GRG method. Also, we apply approximate KKT conditions for verifying the optimality of the result returned by the GRG algorithm. We implement the proposed schema on the customer side laptop and using AWS compute domain elastic compute cloud (EC2) for the cloud side.


The anionic polymerization of (E)-1,3-pentadiene (EP) and (Z)-1,3-pentadiene (ZP) together with mixture of the E/Z isomers are investigated, respectively. The kinetic analysis shows that the activation energy for EP (86.17 kJ/mol) is much higher than that for ZP (59.03 kJ/mol). GPC shows that it is the EP rather than the ZP isomer that undergoes anionic living polymerization affording quantitative products of the polymers with well-controlled molecular weights and narrow molecular weight distributions (1.05 ≤Đ ≤ 1.09). In addition, THF as polar additive has proved its validity to reduce the molecular weight distribution of poly(ZP) from 1.38 to as low as 1.19. The microstructure and sequence distributions of polypentadiene are characterized by 1H NMR and quantitative 13C NMR. Finally, the distinctive reaction activity of two isomers can be elucidated by two different mechanisms which involve the presence of four forms of zwitterions for EP and the typical [1,5]-sigmatropic hydrogen-shift phenomenon for ZP. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2016, 54, 2291–2301


Chlorophyll fluorescence induction kinetics were used to assess different features of the photosynthetic system of trees affected by forest decline and of control trees. Several parameters can be derived from the kinetics: Fo and Fo', the initial fluorescence intensity and its initial slope, the maximum intensity Fp, and the final steady- state intensity Fs. Furthermore, the ratio R(t) of the two fluorescence components at 685 nm and 730 nm shows the initial value Ro, the minimum value Rm, and the steady- state value Rs. Measurements were carried out on spruce, birch, oak, and poplar. If one considers the variation of the parameters obtained from the different tree species and the effect on the parameters due to the forest decline, the parameters Ro and Fp/Fo exhibit a maximum capability to differentiate between control trees and those affected by forest decline.


Pelecypoda is the second largest class of Phylum Mollusca are widely used by people as a source of animal protein or as an industrial raw material. Factors affecting the growth of shellfish such as season, temperature, and food. Foods that can be eaten by shellfish depend on the type of food and the size of food particles. In general, shellfish consuming phytoplankton, suspended organic matter and bacteria. Shellfish cultivation process is necessary ecological data and biology, among others, regarding the types of natural food. For it is necessary to study the natural food found in the stomach and are found in their habitat. This study was conducted in April  with up November 2012 with gastric analysis method on 4 areas around Singkarak Lake. The results obtained are the type of natural food in the stomach their habitat consists of 6 classes of Cyanophyceae, Chlorophyceae, Euglenophyceae, Chrysophyceae, Crustaceae and Rotifera. Chrysophyceae class most genera found as many as 20 genera. Environmental factors are all measured dala normal range for live freshwater mussels. Keywords: Clam, Corbicula sumatrana, Gastric analysis


This paper is concerned with the finite element simulation of a thin membrane cutting by a sharp blade. Smeared crack finite element approaches appear to be unsuitable for this purpose, since very small elements would be required to conform to the sharp edge of the cutter. Furthermore, when the membrane material is very ductile, classical interface cohesive elements, where the cohesive forces are transmitted in the direction of the crack opening displacement, cannot correctly reproduce situations where the blade crosses the process zone. A simplified approach, based on the new concept of "directional" cohesive elements, is here proposed for a computationally effective simulation of this type of problems. Whenever a crack is opening, cohesive "cable" elements are introduced between the separating nodes. These elements are geometric entities which can be monitored throughout the analysis to detect possible contact with the blade. When this happens, the cables transmit in a straightforward way cohesive forces to the crack flanks in different directions. The procedure has been tested against a real cutting process providing encouraging results with relatively coarse meshes. The calibration of the material properties of the cohesive cables is also briefly discussed.


Abstract This paper employs a unity output feedback dynamic controller based on piece-wise constant generalized sampled-data and hold function (PC-GSHF) to achieve decoupling in the sampled-data response along with superior output channel gain margin of continuous-time, LTI MIMO plants. The compensation scheme consists of (i) a PC-GSHF controller which, by virtue of its arbitrary loop-zero placement capability, yields a composite (along with the plant) discrete-time LTI system with no finite unstable zero (ii) a discrete-time LTI controller which first decouples the composite system into SISO units and then compensates these decoupled SISO units. Suitable examples are considered to illustrate the controller design approach and to show the capability of this controller. Simulation results suggest that this scheme may be used as means of quasi-decoupling.


Bachelor thesis deals with labour conditions of employees in bank environment. The main subject of the bachelor thesis is analysis of labour environment a its influence on bank employees in chosen bank institute, scheme measure and improvement of evaluation. The thesis is divided into three main parts. The first chapter deals with the theoretical bases of the working environment. The main emphasis is placed on safety and health conditions for the workplace and the factors that affect the well-being and performance of employees. The second chapter analyzes the use of the questionnaire method analyzes the working environment and then finding its effects in chosen bank. The last chapter offers suggestions for improving the working environment and based on identified deficiencies plan is designed to improve working conditions.


It is commonly believed that rigid pavements cannot be built on subgrades which are still subject to vertical movements caused by settlement. There are two types of post constructional settlement : uniform settlement and differential settlement. This paper examines : (1) the effects of the differential settlement of the pavement subgrade. A distinction is made between differential settlement with a wavelength comparable to the length of the concrete slab and settlement with a broader wavelength; (2) the movements of the slab at the joints, due to subgrade deformation, which must be compatible with the type of joint. The joints must allow for the rotation of the two adjoining slabs. This may be possible if the gap between the joints is sufficiently wide; and (3) warping of the slab caused by thermal gradients. It is concluded that the construction of rigid pavements may not be absolutely ruled out but depends on the magnitude of the differential settlements occurring after construction. (TRRL)


e19013 Background: Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) was developed for intermediate thickness melanoma. Its use for thick cutaneous melanoma is controversial. We aimed to report on clinical and pathologic factors associated with the overuse of SLNB for thick primary cutaneous melanoma. Methods: The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database was queried for patients who underwent surgery for thick primary cutaneous melanoma (known Breslow thickness > 4.00 mm) from 2004 to 2008. We excluded patients with mucosal melanoma, those without a biopsy-proven diagnosis, those diagnosed at autopsy, patients whose lymph node evaluation was unknown or other than SLNB "yes" or SLNB "no". We used multivariate logistic regression models to predict use of SLNB. Covariates examined included: age sex, race/ethnicity, Breslow depth, tumor histology, tumor location, and ulceration status. Likelihood of undergoing sentinel lymph node biopsy was reported as odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI); signific...


Nano VO 2 powders were synthesized by pyrolysis of the precursor,(NH 4) 5[(VO) 6(CO 3) 4(OH) 9]·10H 2O.The effects of rates of elevated temperature, pyrolysis temperatures and rates of nitrogen gas and air flow on the composition of VO 2 were studied The relations between VO 2 crystallinities and heating temperature time were also studied TEM micrograph shows that the size of crystalline VO 2 was about 20 nm


Background: Isoflurane increases the apparent agonist affinity of ligand-gated ion channels. This action reflects a reduction in the receptor's agonist dissociation constant and/or the preopen/open channel state equilibrium. To evaluate the effect of isoflurane on each of these kinetic constants in the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, the authors analyzed isoflurane's actions on (1) the binding of the fluorescent agonist Dns-C6-Cho to the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor's agonist self-inhibition site and (2) the desensitization kinetics induced by the binding of the weak partial agonist suberyldicholine. Methods: The dissociation constant for Dns-C6-Cho binding to the self-inhibitory site was determined using stopped-flow fluorescence spectroscopy. The values of the kinetic constants for agonist binding, channel gating, and desensitization were determined by modeling the suberyldicholine concentration–dependence of the apparent rate of desensitization. Results: Isoflurane did not significantly alter the dissociation constant for Dns-C6-Cho binding to the self-inhibitory site even at a concentration as high as 1.5 mM, the highest concentration studied. At this concentration, isoflurane substantially reduced the dissociation constant for suberyldicholine binding to its channel opening site by 97% from 17 ± 5 &mgr;M to 0.5 ± 0.2 &mgr;M, whereas the preopen/open channel state equilibrium was reduced only from 19.1 to 5 ± 1. Conclusions: Isoflurane increases the apparent agonist affinity of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor primarily by reducing the agonist dissociation constant of the site responsible for channel opening rather than altering channel gating kinetics.


The ability of thermoelectric devices to convert waste heat into useful electrical power has stimulated a remarkable growth in research into thermoelectric materials. There is, however, a growing recognition that limited reserves of tellurium, together with the reduction in performance that occurs at elevated temperatures, places constraints on the widespread implementation of thermoelectric technology based on the current generation of telluride-based devices. Metal sulfides have attracted considerable attention as potential tellurium-free alternatives. This perspective provides an overview of the key characteristics of sulfide thermoelectrics and the advantages they offer in the development of devices for energy recovery in the temperature range 373 ≤ T/K ≤ 773. The structures and properties of a group of synthetic materials, related to the minerals chalcocite (Cu2S), stannite (Cu2FeSnS4)/kesterite (Cu2SnS4), chalcopyrite (CuFeS2), bornite (Cu5FeS4), colusite [Cu26V2(As,Sn,Sb)6S32], and tetrahedrite [(Cu,Fe)12Sb4S13], are discussed. In addition to all being composed of Earth-abundant elements, these sulfides share a common tetrahedral CuS4 structural building block. The use of chemical substitution to manipulate electrical and thermal transport properties is described, and common features are identified. This includes the presence of low-energy vibrational modes, the onset of copper-ion mobility, and the emergence of a liquid-like sublattice, which serve to reduce thermal conductivity. Issues associated with materials' stability during synthesis, consolidation, and device operation due to sulfur volatilization and migration of mobile copper ions are also highlighted. Future prospects for sulfide thermoelectrics are discussed in the light of the performance of materials investigated to date.


Presently, abrasive processing is on eof several methods for cutting and grinding brittle materials, and high quality in dimensional accuracy and surface roughness are often required as a structural components, therefore most of them has to be ground. In manufacturing of tungsten-carbide components, grinding by diamond wheel is usually adopted in order to provide configurational and dimensional accuracy to the components. The present study proposes the experi- mental research of optimum condition to the high quality surface grinding of the WC-Co material using diamond abrasive wheel in order to minimize the damage on the ground surface and to pursue the precise dimension by conventional grinding machine. Brief investigation is carried out to decrease the dressing is constant, theoretical grinding effect such as machining precision is changed according to the speed of workpiece. Accordingly, normal and tangential grinding forces, which are Fn, Ft were analyzed for the machining processes of WC-Co material to obtain optimum grinding conditions, 3-point bending test is carried out to check machining damage on the ground surface layer, which is one of sintered brittle materials.


In similar fashion to western countries, ASEAN countries are also gearing up towards deregulation. Despite potentially different motivating drivers, the ultimate objectives are free market competition leading to efficient pricing signals as well as providing customers with the freedom to choose their electricity provider and benefit from competitive prices. This paper provides an ASEAN electricity market analysis and describes the development of electricity deregulation in ASEAN countries. By way of background it also highlights the objectives of deregulation, the potential challenges and also the impact areas focusing on existing customer information systems (CIS) that have been developed by other utilities. In addition, this paper proposes a new framework for improving CIS for ASEAN utilities facing deregulation. The framework outlines a CIS, which has intelligent features enabling the utility to estimate and predict customer behaviour with respect to consumption patterns. It describes how these features can assist the utility companies to retain their existing customers as well as attract more customers


Crop germplasm is an important material basis for breeding and agricultural production. Germplasm creation is the core of germplasm study. Through systematic study of many years, the study of germplasm of bast fiber crops in China has been ranked in the advanced level in the world, and now China is the largest country of holding germplasm accessions of bast fiber crops in the world. But the conflicts of backward germplasm creation, narrow genetic basis of breeding materials, shortage of available resources , are very obvious. This paper reports the methods and techniques of germplasm innovate of bast fiber crops, the finding and utilization of superior gene sources of bast fiber crops, the achievements of creation and utilization of superior germplasm for ramie, kenaf, flax, jute. It also discusses some ideas and constructive suggestions of creation of germplasm for bast fiber crops in the future.


To evaluate the specific composition of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) established in recomposed areas of gallery forest, samples of rhizospheric soil were collected from Croton urucurana Baill., Inga striata Willd. and Genipa americana L. These plants are indigenous in gallery forests, being the first considered as pioneer, the second as early secondary and G. americana as climax, according to the successional stages. Twenty-two species of AMF were identified. The highest richness was observed in rhizospheres of C. urucurana and I. striata (15 species), while the highest number of spores occurred in G. americana rhizospheres (511 spores/100g dry soil). Glomus showed the highest number of species (10), followed by Acaulospora (6), Scutellospora (4), Gigaspora and Entrophospora (each with one species). The most frequent species in Croton was G. macrocarpum Tul. & Tul.; in Inga, E. kentinensis Wu & Liu, G. etunicatum Becker & Gerd. and G. macrocarpum; and in Genipa, G. claroideum Schenck & Smith, G. etunicatum, G. macrocarpum and G. occultum Walker. We concluded that the number of spores increases with the successional stages; conversely, the indices of diversity, richness and equability diminish in the rhizosphere of climax plants.


Handheld terminals for digital terrestrial television reception and their possible integration in GSM or 3G convergence terminals using the digital video broadcasting–handheld standard (DVB‐H) [ETSI EN 302 304, Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); Transmission System for Handheld Terminals (DVB‐H), V1.1.1, June 2004] must support the UHF band (470–702 MHz or 470–860 MHz) as specified in the EICTA radio specification. Beside the required new receiver concepts for such battery‐powered and small terminals, there is also the request for broadband integrable antennas, which cover the mentioned frequency band. This article depicts a possible antenna structure and simulation results for the antenna performance and compares these findings with measurement results. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 293–297, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23082


Objective: To estimate the Bowel constipation prevalence in health care students, and to analyze the comparison of methods – the Constipation Assessment Scale and the ROMA III criteria – by means of similarity and specificity in this Bowel constipation sample. Methods: Allied health care undergraduate students answered a protocol containing questions related to health related quality of life, number of evacuations per day, ROMA III criteria for evacuations, auto referred constipation and Constipation Assessment Scale. Results: Bowel constipation prevalence was 63.7% according to ROMA III criteria, 46.6% according to Constipation Assessment Scale and 26.4% according to auto referred Bowel constipation. Psychological risk factors that presented significant association to Bowel constipation were the stress and anxiety. We also found that the ROMA III criteria and Constipation Assessment Scale presented an adequate similarity between methods. Conclusion: This study showed a relevant prevalence of Bowel constipation in students an adequate similarity between diagnosis methods. Descriptors: Chronic Disease; Bowel Constipation; Prevalence; Diagnosis; Allied Health Undergraduate Students.


The partner focus was along the value chain spanning the entire way from the development of novel surface functional nano diamonds (Carbodeon), electroplating (AK Chrome, IPU, Carbodeon), coating and surface treatment based on Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation PEO (IPU) and vacuum based thin film coatings (DTI), test and validation at lab-scale (DTI) to field test involving end-users (Husqvarna and Radne).


Seismic observations reveal strong polarization anisotropy (VSV > VSH) at around 550 km depth in the lower part of mantle transition zone (Visser et al., 2008). The observed anisotropy can be caused by lattice preferred orientation (LPO) of consti-tuting material when the material is elastically anisotropic. Majorite and ringwoodite, which are the dominant minerals in this region, are nearly isotropic (Chai et al., 1997; Weidner et al., 1984). On the other hand, stishovite, which may occur in significant amounts in this region derived from the delaminated subducting basaltic layer (Karato et al., 1997) and continental crust (Kawai et al., 2012), shows strong elastic anisotropy indicated by the acoustic velocities study (Yoneda et al., 2012) on single crystal of stishovite. Therefore, the LPO of stishovite has a high potential to interpret the seismic anisotropy in the lower part of the transition zone. To investigate the LPO of stishovite, deformation experiments on stishovite were conducted in the simple shear geometry. We prepared starting material of polycrystalline stishovite with grain size of ˜30 micron at 12 GPa and 1723 K in a Kawai-type high-pressure apparatus. Then shear deformation experiments were carried out at 12 GPa and 1873 K by Kawai-type apparatus for triaxial deformation (KATD) with 200 micron thickness of sample. Shear strain was ˜0.8 estimated from the rotation of platinum strain maker after deformation. The microstructure and crystallographic orientation of the deformed samples were investigated by SEM with EBSD. Recovered sample shows the recrystallization occurred during deformation, meaning that the dominant deformation mech-anism is dislocation creep. Based on preliminary analysis of LPO, the dominant slip system of stishovite is considered to be [001](100). With the assumption of transverse isotropy of polycrystalline stishovite, our result is consistent with seismic obser-vation (VSV > VSH).


In this study it was aimed to examine the written about the drug addiction. This is a screening model study and descriptive method was also used. In this study, epistemological document analysis was employed as data collec-tion method. The study was carried out using theses which have been written about the drug addiction since 1987 and of which full texts were obtained from Council of Higher Education Department of Publication and Documen-tation. In the study it was targetted to reach all the theses.In the study, 77 theses about the drug addiction were reached in Council of Higher Education National Thesis Center. Seventy-three of them were studied as four of them were not accessible. The theses were transferred into compuer and they were analyzed by categorizing them according to the university, graduate school, type, year and topic. Among the theses included in the scope of the study, the number of master's theses (n=57) was higher than doctoral theses (n=10).It was determined that the theses were mostly written in the Graduate School of Social Sciences (n=37) and in the Department of Psychology (n=23) and quantitative research was used at most (n=62). Depending on the obtained data, the development of effective intervention plans can be suggested.


The reason for this exercise is to argue that the following equation, which we call the "Law of Vector Fields," is fated to play a central role in mathematics. These theorems are all easy consequences of the law of vector fields. The proofs are so mechanical that one could say that the Law of Vector Fields is a generalization of each of them. The Law of Vector Fields is the following: Let M be a compact smooth manifold and let V be a vector field on M so that V (m) 6= ~0 for all m on the boundary ∂M of M . Then ∂M contains an open set ∂−M which consists of all m ∈ ∂M so that V (m) points inside. We define a vector field, denoted ∂ − V on ∂−M , so that for every m ∈ ∂−M we have ∂−V (m) = Projection of V (m) tangent to ∂−M . Under these conditions we have


An electromagnetic massage device applicable to a bathtub or a pool comprises an integrally formed fixed seat (1), suited to be fixed in a mounting hole on a wall (20) of the bathtub or the pool; a lock nut (8), matched with an external thread (19) on a circumferential wall on the lower end of the fixed seat (1), so as to fasten the lower end of the fixed seat (1) to the external surface of the wall (20) of the bathtub or the pool; a rubber sleeve (7), the top portion of which protrudes outwards, and the bottom portion of which has an annular flange, the annular flange being adhered to an annular base plate (15) of a concave cavity (14) of the fixed seat (1), so as to seal an upper end opening of the fixed seat (1); a conductive coil (4), arranged in an annular cavity (12) of the fixed seat (1), and encapsulated by an upper magnetic conduction cover (6), a lower magnetic conduction cover (9), and a magnetic conduction shell (5); and a beating head (2) and an armature (3) that are fixedly connected together and mounted in a guide cavity (11) of the fixed seat (1), the beating head (2) and the armature (3) sliding back and forth in the guide cavity (11) under the effect of the electromagnetic field generated by the conductive coil (4). The electromagnetic massage device provides high kinetic energy, a long service life, and a desirable massage effect; meanwhile, no pipeline is soaked, thereby facilitating implementation of intelligent control.


Using two-dimensional optical lattices, it has recently become possible to split up clouds of ultra cold atoms into collections of parallel one-dimensional tubes in which the dynamics is restricted to the direction along their axis. Since the Feshbach-resonance interactions among atoms are short ranged, they can be approximated as contact interactions. It is thus possible to realize optical-trap versions of some classic integrable systems first studied by Lieb, Gaudin, Yang and others. Such systems can display exotic physics like spin-charge separation and unusual paired states. We focus on the study of systems of fermions in one-dimension. At finite temperatures, regimes such as the spin-coherent and the spin-incoherent Luttinger liquids can be realized by tuning the inter-atomic interaction strength and trap parameters. We identify the noise correlation of density fluctuations as a robust observable to discriminate between these two regimes. We also address the effects of spin imbalance for the case of attractive interactions, and study the one-dimensional analog of spatially modulated (FFLO) superconducting states. Our focus is on how the temperature affects the density profiles that are being measured in the experiments. The theoretical study of temperature effects in these systems is of experimental relevance for the problem of thermometry.


A study was conducted to determine the extent of educational activities in family planning and sex among Planned Parenthood affiliates. 61% of 140 questionnaires were returned with 53 of 86 respondents reporting the existence of a family planning educational program and 43 indicating the existence of a sex education program. More than 50% of the respondents indicated that they had no set standards or qualifications for the teaching of sex education or birth control to young people. The Medical Departments of the Planned Parenthood affiliates were mainly involved in discussions outside the Centers. Generally a physician spoke relating to sex education and a nurse provided the family planning instruction. Regarding needs in the area of sex education the respondents indicated a need for a training program for their professional standards for volunteers. Other needs are for study guides teaching aids film strips literature and outlines of curriculums suitable for specific age groups. It seems that the average affiliate is ill-prepared to work with the community in a constructive and coordinated manner for either the initiation or the extension of sex or family planning education programs.


We described herein a formal synthesis of the enantiopure tricyclic (4aS)-myrmicarin alkaloids 217, 215A and 215B owing to the obtention of a common pyrroloindolizidine intermediate, starting from a chiral cis-(2S,5R)-disubstituted pyrrolidine. An intramolecular one-pot aldolization-crotonization-aromatization process of a diketo indolizidine constitutes the key step for the formation of the pyrrole ring of the target compound.


Through analyzing the seismological parameters in common use at present with different windows and slipping steps in Northwest Yunnan(25°-28°N.,99°-101.5°E),we determine 6 prediction indexes(frequency N,earthquake absence M,energy E,total fault area ∑E,spatial centralization C and seismicity S),and study their prediction ability.The result shows that the 6 indexes are effective for the short-term prediction of the earthquake with M≥5.0 in the research area in 1990.However,before the Lijiang M7.0 earthquake,only earthquake absence index appeared anomalous obviously,other 5 indexes hadn't shown anomaly.It reveals:(1) the 6 indexes are effective for the earthquakes with magnitude around 6 but not for the ones with magnitude over 6.7;(2) one of the most notable anomaly features before the Lijiang M7.0 earthquake is the calmness of small and moderate earthquakes in the seismogenic area.Therefore,it is not enough only relying on seismological indexes to give short-time earthquake prediction,and some other prediction approaches must be combined with.


The GAZOO Racing team competes in the race to aid TMC's vehicle development and, as TMC employees serve as mechanics and drivers, to aid the development of human resources capable of "automotive seasoning". TMC has subsequently launched "GAZOO Racing tuned by MN" (GRMN), "G Sports" (G's) and other tuned models to give car enthusiasts a taste of the thrill of racing. TMC's participation thus is part of its initiatives to make ever-better cars.


We report on the detection of transit-timing variations (TTV) of WASP-161b by using the combination of Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) data and archival data. The midpoint of the transits in TESS data are offset by ∼67 minutes in 2019 January, and ∼203 minutes in 2021 January, based on the ephemeris published in previous work. We are able to reproduce the transit timings from the archival light curve (SSO-Europa; 2018 January) and find that the timing is consistent with the published ephemeris under a constant period assumption. Conversely, we find that the transit midpoint of the SSO-Europa light curve indicates a 6.97 minutes variation at 4.63σ compared to the prediction obtained from TESS timings, and a constant orbit period assumption. The TTVs could be modeled with a quadratic function, yielding a constant period change. The period derivative Ṗ is −1.16 × 10−7 ± 2.25 × 10−8 days per day (or −3.65 s yr−1), using timings obtained from SSO-Europa and TESS light curves. Different scenarios, including a decaying period and apsidal precession, can potentially explain these TTVs but they both introduce certain inconsistencies.


SUMMARY

This study is motivated by a desire to develop a fast numerical algorithm for computing the surface deformation field induced by surface pressure loading on a layered, isotropic, elastic half-space. The approach that we pursue here is based on a circular loading element. That is, an arbitrary surface pressure field applied within a finite surface domain will be represented by a large number of circular loading elements, all with the same radius, in which the applied downwards pressure (normal stress) is piecewise uniform: that is, the load within each individual circle is laterally uniform. The key practical requirement associated with this approach is that we need to be able to solve for the displacement field due to a single circular load, at very large numbers of points (or 'stations'), at very low computational cost. This elemental problem is axisymmetric, and so the displacement vector field consists of radial and vertical components both of which are functions only of the radial coordinate r. We achieve high computational speeds using a novel two-stage approach that we call the sparse evaluation and massive interpolation (SEMI) method. First, we use a high accuracy but computationally expensive method to compute the displacement vectors at a limited number of r values (called control points or knots), and then we use a variety of fast interpolation methods to determine the displacements at much larger numbers of intervening points. The accurate solutions achieved at the control points are framed in terms of cylindrical vector functions, Hankel transforms and propagator matrices. Adaptive Gauss quadrature is used to handle the oscillatory nature of the integrands in an optimal manner. To extend these exact solutions via interpolation we divide the r-axis into three zones, and employ a different interpolation algorithm in each zone. The magnitude of the errors associated with the interpolation is controlled by the number, M, of control points. For M= 54, the maximum RMS relative error associated with the SEMI method is less than 0.2 per cent, and it is possible to evaluate the displacement field at 100 000 stations about 1200 times faster than if the direct (exact) solution was evaluated at each station; for M= 99 which corresponds to a maximum RMS relative error less than 0.03 per cent, the SEMI method is about 700 times faster than the direct solution.


Routing design is widely considered as one of the most challenging parts of enterprise network design. The challenges come from the typical large scale of such networks, the diverse objectives to meet through design, and a wide variety of protocols and mechanisms to choose from. As a result network operators often find it difficult to understand and troubleshoot the routing design of their networks. Furthermore, today's common practice of focusing on one router or one protocol at a time makes it a onerous task to reason about the network-wide routing behavior. We believe that to mitigate the problem, there is a need for software tools to produce effective visualization of enterprise routing designs. In this paper we report on our experience building such a toolkit. We begin by abstracting various routing mechanisms into a small number of design primitives. The abstraction allows for a more concise representation of routing design without losing important design information, which is critical for making the tool scalable. Guided by the abstraction, we then develop a set of algorithms and heuristics, which take router configuration files as input and output a graphical representation of the routing design. The layout and components of the graph are highly customized to optimize its readability and power to infer the network-wide design pattern. We also present a case study using the toolkit to analyze the routing design of two large campus networks, and report on our findings. Our experience confirms the effectiveness of our toolkit in revealing key design characteristics of the networks, and in illustrating the network-wide routing behavior.


ABSTRACT This article uses psychoanalytically oriented trauma theory to study the suffering of Indian indentured labourers bonded in the nineteenth century to a carceral-like plantation regime in Mauritius. I analyse Indo-Mauritian writer Abhimanyu Unnuth's novel Sueurs de Sang ([1977] 2001), arguing that Unnuth depicts indenture as unequivocally traumatic. Using, in particular, the reflections of Bessel Van der Kolk, Sigmund Freud and Sándor Ferenczi, I first posit that the trauma of indenture rests on both institutionalised violence imposed upon the labourer's body and psyche, and the deferred meaning of trauma assigned to India following the impossibility of return which the indenture contract initially guaranteed. I then contend that nostalgia for India becomes a symptom of trauma; it transforms India into a fantasy homeland as a defence against the unbearable pain of its loss and finally into another punitive authority that further condemns the labourers to the loop of trauma. They berate their deliberate choice of leaving India and out of the guilt of betrayal choose inaction in Mauritius. Fragmentation within the community of labourers results, and in a traumatic identification with the aggressive plantation machine they morph into their own prime executioners, exemplifying the pathology of indenture in Unnuth's novel.


ABSTRACT The 2D remeshed vortex method with the Brinkman penalisation scheme is applied to the simulation of flow around 2D cylinder and foil at the Reynolds number . The dependences of the hydrodynamic forces on domain dimension, mesh size and time step are analysed. The results are compared with those obtained with the commercially available finite volume CFD solver CFX. The computation time is also presented. It is observed that the remeshed vortex method does not suffer from the blockage effect, and thus is potentially suitable for the simulation of flow with far-field boundary conditions. However, it has only a first-order accuracy with regard to time step, and therefore needs a quite small time step to acquire reliable hydrodynamic forces.


This issue of Sports, Ethics and Philosophy leads with two papers on eSport. These papers, and two more that will be published in the next issue (and that are already available online), are the result of Francisco Javier Lopez Frias' eliciting of research in this emerging field (and to whom full credit should go for editing these papers). These are by no means the first papers we have published on eSports. The first volume of volume 10 was a special issue on Digital Play, edited by Ivo van Hilvoorde (2016). Mariona Rosell Llorens' paper on eSport was published in volume 11 (Rosell Llorens 2017). Lopez Frias' curatorship of these four new papers is nonetheless indicative of a new and challenging development in sport, to which philosophers are responding. Sport is a dynamic cultural phenomenon. It is continually changing, and this is perhaps increasingly so as sport embraces new technologies. New technology can modify the way in which existing sports are played and enjoyed (as, for example, in the use of video technologies), or it can be the foundation of new types of play. The embrace of technology often leads to complex questions about the boundaries between play, games and sport. Christopher Norris, for example, addressed this issue in the case of competitive aeromodelling (2011). The challenge of eSport is vividly expressed in Jim Parry's paper 'E-sports are Not Sports'. This forcefully argued paper has already received significant attention through its online publication, as well as through presentation at conferences. Parry's arguments raise important questions, but not just about the status of eSport as sport. Parry places eSport in the context of Olympism, and thus the motivations that both players and the IOC might have for formally recognising the status of eSport as sport. In the next issue, Cem Abanazir's discussion of the institutional context of eSport will provide a different perspective on similar matters. Parry's concerns also raise questions as to the role that philosophy ought to play in determining whether an activity is or is not sport. It is to ask whether philosophy should try to police what sport is. This has long been as issue in the philosophy of art. While there are philosophers who have tried to stem the tide of art's development, determining the conditions that an activity must fulfil in order to be art, there has long been something Quixotic about such attempts. 'Thus far, and no further', philosophers have seemed to declare in the face of abstraction, performance art, conceptual art . . . and the list will go on. There is a danger of philosophers of art being continually one step behind what artists (and institutions such as galleries) consider to be art, and thus what art, in practice, is. But in sport, the issue may be more pressing. Practitioners do not seem to have the degree of freedom in declaring their activity to be sport as artists and galleries do in declaring something to be art. This is due, not least, to the fact that an activity's legal status as sport may have important implications in terms of institutional funding and taxation. Legal cases have been fought, for example, over the status of bridge SPORT, ETHICS AND PHILOSOPHY 2019, VOL. 13, NO. 1, 1–2 https://doi.org/10.1080/17511321.2019.1558558


The present invention relates to novel cationic lipids, the transfection agent, microparticles, nanoparticles, and to short interfering nucleic acid (siNA) molecule. The present invention also traits that respond to modulation of gene expression and / or activity in a subject or organism, the study of diseases and conditions, diagnostics, and compositions used for the treatment, and a method characterized by. In particular, the present invention is a biologically active molecule, e.g., an antibody (e.g., monoclonal antibodies, chimeric antibodies, humanized antibodies, and the like), cholesterol, hormones, antivirals, peptides, proteins, chemotherapeutics, small molecules, vitamins, co-factors, nucleosides, nucleotides, oligonucleotides, enzymatic nucleic acids, antisense nucleic acids, triplex forming oligonucleotides, 2, 5-a chimeras, dsRNA, allozymes, aptamers, decoys and analogs thereof, and small nucleic acid molecule, for example, short interfering nucleic acid (siNA), short interfering RNA (siRNA), double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), micro-RNA (miRNA), and short hairpin RNA (shRNA) molecules, for example, of a subject or organism effectively transfected into the relevant cells and / or tissues ® down or novel cationic lipids for delivery, the microparticles, to nanoparticles and transfection agents. Such novel cationic lipids, microparticles, nanoparticles and transfection agents are, for example, to provide cells, disease in a subject or organism, condition, or preventing the trait, inhibiting, or a composition for treating it is useful to. The compositions described herein are generally referred to as formulated molecular composition (FMC) or lipid nanoparticle (LNP).


The effect of Sindbis virus-sensitized lymphocytes on acutely infected mouse embryo fibroblasts has been studied in vitro. Sindbis virus-immune lymphocytes are capable of lysing the infected target cells bearing surface viral antigen before viral-induced lysis occurs. The cytotoxicity was virus-specific since lymphocytes sensitized to yellow fever virus were unable to kill the Sindbis virus-infected target cells. The effector cell in this in vitro assay has been shown to be a T cell, and the cytotoxic reaction can be blocked by Sindbis virus-immune serum.
 In distribution to lysis of infected cells by T cells, viral clearance is dependent on a population of noncytotoxic, adherent cells, probably macrophages. Further, macrophage function in this assay was virus-specific, since adherent cells from animals immunized to a second virus were unable to reduce significantly virus content. Consequently, the full expression of recovery mechanisms in this model of an acute viral infection most likely depends on a balance between lymphocyte-mediated lysis of infected cells and viral clearance by macrophages and antibody.


A system for processing payment with a virtual payment account is provided to surely and reliably give a beneficiary a fund managed for the beneficiary by a national agency and/or an insurance company through the virtual payment account established for the beneficiary. A virtual account establisher establishes a virtual payment account for a beneficiary using a real name account of a fund manager managing a fund as a mother account, and including a fund payment function and a beneficiary withdrawal/payment function. A payment account register registers the virtual payment account and the real name account of the beneficiary as a payment account of a check card of the beneficiary by including the fund payment function and the beneficiary withdrawal/payment function. An information checker(1810) checks whether the payment account of the check card of the beneficiary is registered to the virtual payment account and the real name account of the beneficiary when the beneficiary performs payment with the check card. A payment processor(1820) processes the payment with the virtual payment account when the remainder of the real name account of the beneficiary is short for the payment.


In this work we analyze the reactive Riemann problem for thermally perfect gases in the deflagration or detonation regimes. We restrict our attention to the case of one irreversible infinitely fast chemical reaction; we also suppose that, in the initial condition, one state (for instance the left one) is burnt and the other one is unburnt. The indeterminacy of the deflagration regime is removed by imposing a (constant) value for the fundamental flame speed of the reactive shock. An iterative algorithm is proposed for the solution of the reactive Riemann problem. Then the reactive Riemann problem and the proposed algorithm are investigated from a numerical point of view in the case in which the unburnt state consists of a stoichiometric mixture of hydrogen and air at almost atmospheric condition. In particular, we revisit the problem of 1D plane‐symmetric steady flames in a semi‐infinite domain and we verify that the transition from one combustion regime to another occurs continuously with respect to the fundamental flame speed and the so‐called piston velocity. Finally, we use the 'all shock' solution of the reactive Riemann problem to design an approximate ('all shock') Riemann solver. 1D and 2D flows at different combustion regimes are computed, which shows that the approximate Riemann solver, and thus the algorithm we use for the solution of the reactive Riemann problem, is robust in both the deflagration and detonation regimes. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The influence of the experimental parameters on the determination of the optical nonlinearities of materials by the z-scan technique is investigated. The experimental parameters considered in this study are: the sample's length, the self-focusing, the cell's lensing and/or wedging, the laser repetition rate, the temporal and spatial profile of the laser beam and the multiple internal reflections. As shown, these parameters can seriously affect the macroscopic nonlinear optical response of a medium.


Much literature has amassed in the area of corporate financing structure, a majority of which has tended to focus on the debt/equity decision and more recently on flotation mechanisms in equity issuance, with less attention devoted to debt issuance. To the extent that recent papers have spoken to the drivers of debt structure, maturity and/or priority, these have tended to focus on the US financing environment, little investigation has been conducted into the determinants of debt structure for UK firms. It is considered helpful at this point to document evidence in respect of alternative institutional regimes. We examine the determinants of debt ownership structure for UK FTSE 350 listed firms at 2001 year end and specifically explore the relationship between corporate debt structure and firm characteristics. Our approach differs to much of the extant literature in that we apply a decision choice model that relates a variety of attributes to the probability that firms will choose to issue debt publicly rather than to the public debt ratio per se, a model that can explain and potentially predict which firms are most likely to choose public debt isuance. Our results highlight the importance of firm size, credit quality and prior leverage in debt issuance decisions, larger more highly levered firms being more inclined to issue debt publicly. However theories based on information asymmetry and adverse selection, future prospects and reputational considerations do not receive empirical support based on our data set. Inconsistent with the extant literature we also find that riskier firms, based on an earnings growth volatility metric, tend to be more likely to issue debt publicly.


A dynamic model of diastolic pressure (DP/dt) was derived from basic biophysical principles for use in a systems analysis of circulatory blood flow. In the model, DP/dt is considered to be biphasic in nature and of the general mathematical form DP/dt f(R, Q) where R (ventricular relaxation rate) controls the isovolemic relaxation phase and Q (flow into the ventricle) determines the pressure during the diastolic filling period. When the model is incorporated into a general cardiovascular model it can be used in computer simulation studies to analyze the effects of changes in parameters such as diastolic ventricular compliance and relaxation time on overall circulatory blood flow.<<ETX>>


The microstructure and the magnetic properties of co-sputtered cobalt-carbon thin films were analyzed. Cobalt-carbon thin films consisting of nano-crystalline cobalt grains separated by graphite-like carbon were obtained after subsequent annealing. The phase of the cobalt grains depended on the carbon concentration; a hexagonal close-packed phase and a heavily faulted close-packed phase were observed. The grain size ranged from 4 to 20 nm. The in-plane magnetic hysteresis loops measured at room temperature showed that the coercivity and the squareness were drastically changed with the carbon concentration. These changes can be related to a change in the magnetocrystalline anisotropy of the cobalt grains due to a difference in the phase and/or size effect that can be explained by the presence of superparamagnetic particles. The highest coercivity (660 oersteds) was measured in a film with a large grain size as well as a hexagonal close-packed cobalt phase. The annealing temperature was found to have an optimum value; the magnetic properties were improved upon annealing due to carbide decomposition, but at high annealing temperatures, coalescence of the grains resulted in sample degradation.


Excerpt Dynamically significant pulmonary regurgitation of organic origin has been infrequently observed. Renewed interest in the antemortem diagnosis has been shown by several recent reports in th...


Errors in "love education" mainly exist in the family full-time education, schools increasing amount of training in advance, the social recruitment of experienced job-seekers. If you want to get out of these errors, you should first of all update the "love education "concept by changing the concept of "all time and space education" ,the concept of " exam-oriented education", and the concept of "instrumental education"to the concept of "comprehensive development", the concept of multiple talents,and system training ideas. Secondly, we should change the methods of love education. To average students, we must adjust our methods to their characteristics; to excellent students, we must use the education of appreciation; to top students, we must use special education method so as to put the love education into full play.


The purpose of this study aimed to understand how undergraduates` interest in appearance affected the efficacy of image making. To this end, 340 copies of a questionnaire were distributed to students of S University in Seoul and a total of 311 copies were used for the final analysis, excepting 29 that had insufficient answers. The results showed that both male and female students had a keen interest in appearance and the sub-categories of this interest were: interest in clothes; skin and changes in looks; figures. The results revealed that women had a greater interest than men in appearance (t = -11.769, p<.001). With regard to the efficacy of image making, men and women both had high scores with little difference in the scores. On the other hand, with regard to sub-factors related to the efficacy of image making: an attitude of awareness (t = -3.060, p<.01); ability to manage facial expressions (t = -3.954, p<.001), in these cases women had much higher scores than men. It has been proved that undergraduates` interest in appearance affects the efficacy of image making (F = 31.345, p<.001). With regard to sub-categories related to this interest, it was revealed that interest in clothes influenced all sub-factors of the efficacy of image making: expressional confidence (β =. 368, p<.001); an attitude of awareness (β = .452, p<.001); ability to manage facial expressions (β = .392, p<.001). This implies that the greater the interest in clothes, the higher was the level of expressional confidence, attitude of awareness and ability to manage facial expressions follows. Also, interest in changes in look, one of the sub-factors of interest in appearance, affected expressional confidence (β = -.148, p<.05) and ability to manage facial expressions (β = .187, p<.01). This implies that the higher the interest in skin and changes in look, the weaker was expressional confidence and the higher was ability to manage facial expressions. In conclusion, women revealed a greater degree of interest in appearance than men, but there was no major difference with regard to efficacy of image making. Thus, it seems to be necessary for both men and women to make an effort to increase their expressional confidence for image making. In addition, the study found that the high interest in clothes, among other factors, was especially important in increasing the efficacy of image making.


Real-time tolerance to novel faults is often needed to avoid catastrophic outcomes. However, no real-time solutions currently exist for novel faults: e.g., isolating the underlying fault and implementing an appropriate control may be too time-consuming or require a priori fault information. For such circumstances, we propose a novel approach that uses fast randomized control switching to stabilize a system, without any state estimation. We first show theoretically that, for a properly tuned controller, a randomized approach guarantees mean-square stability and is guaranteed to converge to an optimal solution. We then empirically demonstrate the efficacy of this approach on trajectory following in a quadcopter UAV.


Tina Sloan Green, Nikki Franke, Alpha Alexander, and Linda Greene represent an integral part of a culture of Black women in sports who created a place and space for themselves and others in opposition to the long history of racism and sexism that suffused sports in the United States and global world. As founders of the Black Women in Sport Foundation (BWSF), their activism and organizing on behalf of Black women and girls in, and beyond sport, is as varied as it is vast. While the founders have been interviewed about the BWSF numerous times throughout their respective careers, those interviews fail to capture the paths that led them to successful careers or the incorporation of the BWSF. Using oral history narratives, this paper contends that their experiences from childhood to young adulthood offer incredible insights about the origins and evolution of their critical consciousness around race and gender that emerged during their formative years. It illuminates the familial, communal, educational, and sporting legacies of BWSF founders from childhood to the mid-to-late 1970s, when their worlds collided at Temple University. Their histories underscore how they navigated and negotiated the ideologies of racism and sexism from childhood to adulthood. As young Black women who lived before the passage of Title IX, their stories depict the early struggles and successes of women and girls' participation in sports and broader society. Individually and collectively, BWSF founders' oral history narratives offer a great understanding of Black women in sports and society in the past and present.


Article: A few years have passed since the Leadership Classics feature last appeared in the Leadership Quarterly and so it seems appropriate to revisit the purpose of this feature. The Leadership Classics feature is designed to revisit a seminal scholarly work or line of research. The selection criteria reflect: prior contribution to the development of the field and ongoing potential to inform leadership research. The focus of the current feature is on the work of Rosemary Stewart of Templeton College, a specialist management college within the University of Oxford in the United Kingdom.


1. PROBABLY THE most significant developments over the last few years are to be found in the attempts which have been made to widen the scope of the prerogative writs of prohibition and certiorari in order to obtain, by the back door as it were, something resembling a general appeal from the decisions of the Industrial Court which, apart from certain of the more serious penalty cases, are declared by the Industrial Conciliation and Arbitration Acts to be final and conclusive. From the first Mount Isa case to be argued in the Full Court (the Strike Injunction case, unreported) to the Preference case (the Queen v. Industrial Court; ex parte Federated Miscellaneous Workers' Union of Employees (1967) Qd. 12. 349) it has been consistently argued by the prosecutors that certiorari for error on the face of the record is available against the Industrial Court. As it is the function of the Industrial Court to decide points of law or jurisdiction and no other types of matter, it is obvious that if this contention were well founded it would be possible to impeach the judgments of the Industrial Court as effectively as if an appeal lay to the Full Court therefrom.


His research in climate change impact and the evaluation of mitigation and adaptation strategies developing integrated assessment and applied general equilibrium economic models. His other research interests are more broadly related to international environmental agreements and sustainable development. Abstract This short article offers a condensed view of the recent research on the economic costs of climate change for the EU, its countries, regions, and sectors. It emphasizes ranges of economic damages, the relative importance of the different climate impact categories, the differences across direct and indirect costs estimates and finally presents the economic role in damage determination of some non-immediately evident transmission mechanisms that are receiving increasing at tention by research. It shows that macroeconomic losses in the EU can be larger than previously estimated. Extreme events, and climate change stress on EU infrastructural endowment, are among the most prominent drivers of GDP and direct economic losses. Health impacts on mortality and morbidity or on labour productivity associated to extreme heath are another concerning source of economic costs. Research also emphasizes the possible occurrence of socio-eco-nomic tipping points that can be widespread and may have disruptive social and economic effects although at the more local level. All this calls for an aggressive mitigation action supported by a widespread agreement in the literature that both average and spikes in local economic losses are greatly reduced in low emissions scenarios. The analyses also emphasize that the trends in economic losses magnify the dichotomy across northern and southern and across high and low-income EU regions with a particular vulnerability of EU island communities confirming, also in a rich area like the EU, the adverse distributional effects of climate change. Against this background, adaptation is a fundamental complement of mitigation. It demonstrates a high benefit to cost ratio and most importantly, due to climatic inertias, confirms the key role of climate impact contrast strategy in the first half of the century. Impacts on ecosystem and biodiversity, the distributional consequences of climate change, the connection between fiscal-financial stability and climatic impacts and the emergence of social economic tipping points deserve further investigation. Abstract This article offers some new insights on adaptation economics in the EU and Member States. It moves beyond im -pact-adaptation-modelling to explore two key policy questions. First, should the EU and national governments be thinking about the implications of adaptation on the public finances? On this issue, our research finds that adapta tion is effective in reducing the macroeconomic disruption of climate change and the resulting impact on the public fi nances. While adaptation requires public expenditures, it reduces impacts on revenues by alleviating the effect on the tax base. Our results show that adaptation reduces the impact on sectors that are negatively hit by climate change impacts, highlighting the role for government action. Second, how should national policymakers use economics in ad aptation policy, and what are the current priorities for early action? Our research finds there is a strong case to move beyond the current focus on the economic appraisal of options, applying economics earlier in the adaptation cycle to investigate how to deliver adaptation policy effectively. A case study found that applying an economic rationale can help identify priorities for near-term adaptation, providing information that is important for national adaptation plans and budget allocations. Finally, the paper highlights a number of emerging areas where similar policy questions are emerg ing, and new economic research is needed, notably on adaptation financing and the economics of transformational adaptation. is a doctoral student in economics at the University of Graz, Austria, where she studied empirical economics and environmental systems sciences.


Commonly known as 'little old lady's hernia', obturator hernias are usually seen in frail, octogenarian multiparous women reporting non-specific nausea and vomiting, abdominal pain and anteromedial thigh pain. They are exceedingly rare; even less frequently are they diagnosed preoperatively, with the vast majority being found incidentally at laparotomy for small bowel obstruction. This case report describes an atypical presentation of a 'little old lady's hernia' in a man, in whom, thanks to high degree of clinical suspicion, an incarcerated obturator hernia was diagnosed preoperatively and treated successfully.


s global economic integration proceeds, and as domestic and international environmental priorities broaden, increasing concern has focused on how trade might affect the environment—and how environmental programs might affect trade.Whether the expanding trade and environmental forces can work together, or whether they necessarily conflict, has been a matter of prolonged debate (10,18). In fact, in the space of 20 years, the scope of the debate has widened from economic and environmental issues under U.S. jurisdiction to include international commerce and global environmental questions. The simple label " trade and environment " consequently covers a large, complicated, and ever-growing web of topics that are crucially important to legal, economic, and environmental interests alike (23,64). Chief among the most striking developments has been a steady rise in world trade. The nominal value of world agricultural trade, for example, has risen fivefold since 1970, from about $40 billion to more than $200 billion (86). The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) and the Uruguay Round Agreements (URA) of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) will further fuel that trade. Other regional agreements designed to lower trade barriers, such as the Mercado Comundel Sur (MER-CURSOR) pact among Argentina, Brazil, Uruguay, and Para-guay, will likely do the same. Coupled with rising production for domestic consumers, increases in agricultural trade placed new pressures on the U.S. environment in the 1970s and early 1980s. As they produced more, farmers used more machinery, pesticides, and fertilizers, and irrigated more acres. Technological advances made it less costly to convert prairies, wetlands, and other areas to farmland. As a re-| 119


According to the recent World Health Organization's large-scale studies, about a third of the adult worldwide population suUˆU´er from a mental disorder such as depression, anxiety and schizophrenia. If also taken together with neurological disorders, such as dementia and stroke, these "disorders of the brain" account for 13% of the global disease burden. Нis surpasses both cardiovascular diseases (5%) and cancer (10%). Countries with the highest rate of burden >650 Disability Adjusted Life Years [DALYs] per 100,000 population included the USA, UK, Russia, and Australia. Нe annual cost of taking care of patients with neurological disorders in the US alone approaches $400B of which $200B is for Alzheimer patients. We believe that this cost in 10 years could reach to $1T in the US alone. In China 975,000 people die annually from brain trauma alone and the Alzheimer population in the Australasia corridor is rapidly on the rise. Нus, European Union, China, India, Japan and Australia are not immune from such high cost of healthcare despite having 100% government insurance


On the basis of JSC "KAMAZ", the article describes a new concept of the automated tool creation and operation (TCO) system with tool identification at all stages of the life cycle with the possibility of adaptation to any machine-building enterprise. Russian machine-building companies have traditionally made over 80% of the tool themself. Therefore, the concept of TCO system is wider than adopted in the European countries Tool management (TM) concept. A general structure of the classification is developed for all kinds of tool manufacture. The system allows the assignment of a unique code to each tool. This permits to create the preconditions for the development of subsystems of its purchasing, design, production and operation.


This two-year study examined the relationship between seed size, density and protein content and field performance of two wheat cultivars, 'Augusta' and 'Hillsdale'. Seeds were divided into three size, two density and two protein content classes, plus an unselected control. Data were collected on speed of emergence, total emergence, biological, straw and grain yield and yield components. Emergence was significantly affected by seed size but the effects of density and protein content varied from year to year. Small seeds produced significantly lower biological and straw yield than all other treatments in the first year, but second year results varied according to cultivar. Small seeds of both cultivars produced the lowest grain yields. Low density and low protein Augusta seeds yielded less than high density and high protein seeds, respectively, in both years. High protein Hillsdale seeds yielded more than low protein seeds in the first year, and high density Hillsdale seeds yielded more than low density seeds in the second. Planting small seeds resulted in significantly less tillers than the control, and number of seeds per spike was significantly affected by seed density and size. Selecting larger seeds during screening appears to be an inexpensive and efficient method of improving yield.


[Objective] To study the relationship among pulse pressure,blood-lipid,fasting blood glucose(FBG),blood uric acid(UA)and the ultrasonic construction in elderly patients with atherosclerosis of carotid artery.[Methods] The instruments used Technos MPX(DU8)color Doppler ultrasonography diagnosis system with L5/12 MHz linear array transducer.368 patients with carotid atherosclerosis were divided into intima-media thickness group,plaque development group and vessel stenosis group.Concentration of total cholesterol(TC),triglycerides(TG),FBG,blood UA and pulse pressure(PP)were measured in 368 patients and 56 cases of control group.The relationship between the degree of carotid artery atherosclerosis and the abovementioned parameters was observed.[Results] The concentration of blood-lipid,FBG,blood UA and pulse pressure were significantly higher in plaque development group and vessel stenosis group(P0.05),and they were obviously higher in intima-media thickness group than in control group(P0.05).the result of Logistic regression analysis indicated there were positive correlation among blood-lipid,FBG,blood UA,pulse pressure and carotid artery atherosclerosis(P0.05).[Conclusions]Blood-lipid,FBG,blood UA and pulse pressure were the independent risk factors of carotid artery atherosclerosis.The concentration of blood lipid,FBG,blood UA,pulse pressure and the degress of carotid artery atherosclerosis in patients should be measured in time,the severity of disease should be evaluated early,all of these are of importance for the clinical prevention and treatment of disease.


Why do some ruling parties attain dominance and remain in power? Focusing on a key case of a dominant party, the UMNO in Malaysia, this article explores its origins and an adaptation strategy under declining dominance. Regarding the origins, the article argues that a leader's credible commitment to providing electoral security for local elites enables collective action to develop resource and spatial advantages. Specifically, the first section revisits the historical process and explains how an initial electoral setback provided leaders with an opportunity to launch administrative reforms, which enabled them to overcome local reluctance and promote the party as a centrist patron. The second section explores why the UMNO declined since 2008 and how it tried to survive. Based on a survey data analysis, it argues that the UMNO found room to play a spatial strategy of "Rikerian Offence" to reinforce its role as a chauvinistic patron, even at the cost of abandoning the center.