ABSTRACT The notion of n-dimensional arrow structure is introduced, which for n = 2 coincides with the notion of directed multi-graph. In part I of the paper several first-order and modal languages connected with arrow structures are studied and their expressive power is compared. Part II is devoted to the axiomatization of some arrow logics. At the end some further perspectives of "arrow approach" are discussed.


The third and latest interplanetary network for the precise directional analysis of gamma ray bursts consists of the Burst and Transient Source Experiment in [ital Compton] [ital Gamma] [ital Ray] [ital Observatory] and instruments on [ital Pioneer]-[ital Venus] [ital Orbiter] and the deep-space mission [ital Ulysses]. The unsurpassed resolution of the BATSE instrument, the use of refined analysis techniques, and [ital Ulysses]' distance of up to 6 AU all contribute to a potential for greater precision than had been achieved with former networks. Also, the departure of [ital Ulysses] from the ecliptic plane in 1992 avoids any positional alignment of the three instruments that would lessen the source directional accuracy.


Background Laparoscopic partial nephrectomy, despite its complexity, is an increasingly performed, minimal invasive alternative to the open partial nephrectomy. Methods We present the surgical technique of a laparoscopic partial nephrectomy for a solitary lower pole tumor measuring 5 cm. The ports used included a 10 mm port for the 0o optics; 10 mm port for the bipolar grasper, stapler and bull dog clamp applicator and two 5 mm ports for suction and monopolar scissors. Once pneumoperitoneum was established, the colon was mobilized and dissected from the underlying Gerota's fascia. An endoscopic bull-dog clamp was inserted through the 10 mm port clamping only the renal artery. The renal parenchyma bordering the nodule was cut with cold scissors pointed away from the lesion and the tumor was completely excised. The cut renal parenchyma was coated with Flosseal. The renal parenchymal defect was closed with continuous Vycril suture over a Surgicel swab placed in the defect. The bull-dog was opened to ensure haemostasis. The specimen was placed in an endo-bag, and retrieved. Results The operative time was 180 minutes with a warm ischemia time of 37 minutes. The blood loss was 300 ml. The hospital stay was 5 days. The histopathological examination of the specimen revealed stage T1b tumor with negative margins for tumor infiltration. Conclusion The laparoscopic partial nephrectomy is a feasible, and oncologically an effective alternative to open surgery. The laparoscopic approach provides the benefit of decreased blood loss, improved postoperative pain relief and faster recovery for patients.


Since the enactment of the National Environmental Protection Act (NEPA) in 1970, sponsors of transportation projects that receive federal money or fall under the purview of the federal government in some other way are required to develop documentation that shows the environmental effects of the project were studied and taken into consideration. The purpose of this document is to serve as a resource to various Texas agencies involved in transportation planning, project planning, and NEPA compliance. The resource will make recommendations and identify areas where these agencies can facilitate the NEPA process by linking it with regional transportation planning and project planning


Abstract Background Several studies have shown a correlation between an altered metabolome and respiratory allergies. The epithelial barrier hypothesis proposes that an epithelial barrier dysfunction can result in allergic diseases development. Der p 1 allergen from house dust mite is a renowned epithelial barrier disruptor and allergy initiator due to its cysteine‐protease activity. Here, we compared the metabolic profile of the bronchial epithelium exposed or not to Der p 1 during barrier establishment to understand its active role in allergy development. Methods Calu‐3 cells were cultivated in air‐liquid interface cultures and exposed to either Der p 1 or Ole e 1 allergens during barrier establishment. The comparative metabolomics analysis of apical and basolateral media were performed using liquid chromatography and capillary electrophoresis both coupled to mass spectrometry. Results We showed that epithelial barrier disruption by Der p 1 was associated with a specific metabolic profile, which was highly dependent on the state of the epithelium at the time of contact. Moreover, an apical‐basolateral distribution of the metabolites was also observed, indicating a compartmentalization of the response with differential metabolic patterns. A number of metabolites were changed by Der p 1, mainly related to amino acids metabolism, such as L‐arginine, L‐kynurenine and L‐methionine. Conclusion This work is the first report on the metabolic response in human bronchial epithelial cells associated with cysteine‐protease Der p 1 activity, which could contribute to allergy development. Moreover, it supports a reformulated epithelial barrier hypothesis that might help to explain allergies and their increasing prevalence.


Abstract We investigate a locally full HNN extension of an inverse semigroup. A normal form theorem is obtained and applied to the word problem. We construct a tree and show that a maximal subgroup of a locally full HNN extension acts on the tree without inversion. Bass-Serre theory is employed to obtain a group presentation of the maximal subgroup as a fundamental group of a certain graph of groups associated with the D-structure of the original semigroup.


The purpose of this study is to describe the media needs of storytelling for pupils in primary schools, to test the village development of puppet dami media based on local wisdom of Rembang in telling students' stories in elementary schools, and to describe the effectiveness of puppet media based on local wisdom of Rembang in storytelling learners in Rembang local wisdom primary school. This research method refers to Borg and Gall's theory, using the seven steps of conducting research. The research steps are as follows: information gathering, research planning, initial product development, field testing, revision, product testing, revision of field product test results. Data collection techniques used were observation, interview, and performance story telling skills. The analysis used in this research is quantitative and qualitative analysis. Includes storytelling practices, learning observations, and validation of dami puppet media products. Analysis of Dami puppet media products based on local wisdom of Rembang includes 6 stages. The analysis technique used is the analysis of the performance of the assessment of storytelling skills, then look for the effectiveness of the performance results of the control class and the experimental class


Considering the effects of the level distribution and the level correlation, the authors use the random matrix theory to calculate the relationship between the energy gap and the temperature of metallic nano-particles with different size and two important states (s=0,1/2). The exterior magnetic field is not considered in the calculation. From the calculation, it is found that when s=0, the superconductivevity is enhanced. The enhancement has been observed in the experiment.


A series of up to date technologies, such as the type of short and flat shape good for strengthening steel making, whole cooling wall, bricks and walls as one, thin-wall lining and compound bottom of carbon bricks and ceramics are adopted in the design for overhaul of No.2 blast furnace of Baogang to get the purposes of high quality, low consumption, high efficency and long life.


The monograph examines migration processes in the Russian Federation, the use of foreign experience for their regulation. The authors have developed the principles of inclusion of foreign citizens in the social and economic development of regions, methods of using the social order tool in the implementation of the tasks of the state migration policy, methodology for determining the migration potential of Russian regions. Important results of the work were: the author's methodology for assessing the social and economic inclusion of foreign workers in the migration-attractive regions of the Russian Federation; ranking the regions of the Russian Federation by classes of migration attractiveness using mathematical methods of operations research; recommendations on the use of an organized recruitment mechanism to attract foreign workers to work in Russia.
For students, postgraduates and teachers of economic universities and faculties, as well as for a wide range of readers interested in migration processes.


Sustainability has become the world's megatrend. Many companies are under pressure from governments and the public to implement sustainable business practices. Unlike the food industry, where demand for sustainable products is relatively easy to achieve because food directly affects the health of consumers, in the fashion industry this is not the case. The aim of the paper is to analyze barriers in the development of a sustainable fashion industry, including: the complexity of establishing a sustainable supply chain, unclear certification and labeling system, high prices of sustainable fashion products, the high growth rate of the fast fashion industry, low consumer awareness of the importance of sustainability in the fashion industry which leads to a gap between consumer attitudes and buying behavior, and low demand for sustainable fashion products. In addition, sustainable fashion is a contradictory term. The whole point of fashion is a change of styles from season to season, which in turn accelerates purchases. This is contrary to the concept of sustainable fashion, which implies a slowdown in consumption. Meta-analysis was used as the main research method in this paper to integrate the findings of many studies and direct prospective research.


As one kind of excellent hot-working die steel, H13 has been widely used. But the surface failure was usually found which can decrease the service life. In this paper, TiC ceramic powders were introduced to strengthen H13 steel by continuous wave CO2 laser cladding. The macro surface quality and microstructures was investigated by optical microscopy (OM) and scanning electronic microscopy (SEM). Thermal stability and anti-wear performance were measured. TiC was uniformly dispersed in the coating. But the morphologies of TiC in the cladding coating were different for temperature gradient during laser cladding. Near the surface of cladding coating, TiC have been partially molten shown as dendritic structure while in the cladding coating was irregular shape such as subrounded or rhombic. The abrasion resistance of laser cladding TiC-H13 was increased about 3 times than the H13 substrate. The thermal stability of composite coating was a little higher than that of substrate after experiments at 873K.


High voltage interfence of pipelines is a result of bundling pipelines with high voltage power lines and/or AC-(alternating current) railway lines within energy location lines.The most critical type of interference related to personal contact and AC- (alternating current) corrosion is the inductive interference caused by the electro-magnetic field as a result from the operating current and earth- fault short circuit current on the high voltage line.In order to keep the touching voltage within its admissable limit passive measures (i.e.; earthing and splitting the pipelines into sections) may be carried out. For elimination of AC-corrosion risk it can be moreover necessary to achieve a further reduction of induced AC- voltages by means of,,active measures. It is of great importance to make sure that passive and active measures will go well together.


In Indonesia, convertion of fertile agricultural lands into, among others, industrial and residential areas has triggered more intensive and extensive exploitation of marginal- and deforested- sloping lands. In Gorontalo province, about one-fifth of sloping forested area has been deforested and converted to upland agriculture or abandoned as schrubs, bushes, and bare lands. This study demonstrates the benefit of using terrace and manure in sustaining maize yield and land productivity as well as reducing soil erosion of cultivated sloping land. It was revealed that maize height, leaf number, kernel number and weight at terrace plot were higher than that of control. Broader variability's of the observed vegetative and generative variables were also identified at terrace plot.


An unfortunate error arose in our previous paper 'Electrofocusing and twodimensional electrophoresis of bovine caseins' by P. Trieu-Cuot & J.-C. Gripon, Journal of Dairy Research (1981) 48 303–310. A paragraph describing the 2-dimensional electrophoresis technique in 'Materials and Methods' (p. 304) should read as follows: The running gel was a linear gradient gel obtained with 2 starting solutions: (i) 28% acrylamide.0·7% bisacrylamide,4·9 M-urea,0·675 M-Tris-HClpH 8·8,0·1% SDS, 6·0 % sucrose, 0·04% TEMED, 0·012% ammonium persulphate; (ii) 16% acrylamide, 0·4% bisacrylamide, 4·9 M-urea, 0·675 M-Tris-HCl pH 8·8,0·1% SDS, 0·04% TEMED, 0·012% ammonium persulphate.


The improvement status of RSUD Meuraxa from non referral to full service and equipped hospital brought several implications to the hospital services particularly in dealing with the increase of patients. The increasing flow of patients in line results in the escalation of the room temperature. The condition was affected by thermal inconveniency caused by direct thermal radiation from the sun, embedded and congenital metabolism of patients (Met), patient clothing insulation (Clo), room equipments and room air circulation. The phenomena affect human performance in their activities. To maintain its status as a general hospital, the impaired condition should be addressed by knowing first the source of the cause. Several measures are normally conducted through direct assessment of the room thermal condition involving the temperature measurement, relative humidity, rate of air flow, and sun ray intensity. Based on the measurement and analysis, it is found that the increase in the room's occupation has resulted in average increase of room temperature and relative humidity of 3 0 C and 2%, respectively.Themaximum indoor temperature reached 36 0 while the minimum humidity was 44%. The average indoor air flow rate was less than 1 m/s. It is suggested that one possible solution to improve the thermal inconvenience on the room is by installing the air blower to improve the air circulation of the room.


Medium-sized pores of which diameter was over 100 nm were successfully prepared by anodization in 3 wt% HF aqueous solution containing KMnO4 and surfactant. The presence of an appropriate oxidizing agent and a surfactant was indispensable for the formation of medium-sized pores, but the concentration dependence was not significant. Similar method was applied to the p+-type silicon and led to the pore widening.


The detection of scattered photons affects both image quality and accuracy of quantitation accuracy in Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT). The aim of this work was to evaluate three scatter correction methods: Jaszczak subtraction, the triple energy window method and an artificial neural network based approach. This evaluation was performed not only in terms of contrast and spatial resolution but also in terms of absolute and relative quantitation. A Monte Carlo simulation of an anthropomorphic cardiac phantom allowed us to obtain a realistic SPECT study while knowing the primary (non scattered) photon distribution. The knowledge of the primary activity made possible the study of the effect of scatter alone independently on all other phenomena affecting quantitation. The quantitative error propagation between the projections and the reconstructed slices due to scatter was studied as well as resolution, contrast and uniformity recoveries in the corrected images. The results show that an artificial neural network achieved the best scatter correction both in terms of relative (gives the same uniformity as in the primary distribution) and absolute quantitation (error < 4%) and resolution. The triple energy window method led to good quantitation (error < 8%) and contrast results but poorer resolution recovery than the artificial neural network based approach. Jaszczak subtraction yielded good quantitation (error < 7%) but introduced severe non uniformities in the image (decrease of the uniformity by 35%).


Since the culmination of early work on 140 Mbit/s optical systems, a number of experimental links have been installed. The first, a nine kilometre link between Stevenage and Hitchin just north of London, in 1977, was chosen to demonstrate the suitability of optical communications for trunk networks. In 1979 British Telecom awarded contracts for the first phase of proprietary optical line systems, (POLS 1) for installation in the UK network between 1980 and 1982. POLS 2 and POLS 3 awards included seventy 140 Mbit/s systems, mainly using multimode optical fibre cables.


In this paper a T-junction power splitter by using different structure is investigated using the finite time difference domain method (FDTD). The variation of the width of one arm of T-junction has a significant impact on the transmitted, radiated and reflected power on both sides. The variation of the cavity parameters on one side of the T-junction lead to a dramatic changes of the ratio of power distribution in the waveguides. Furthermore, the variations of the gradient of the reflectors for symmetric and asymmetric T-junction resonators have shown a great effect on the transmission properties.


Similarities between frogs in the faunas of southwestern and southeastern Australia have long been viewed as indicators of close genetic relationships and recent (Pleistocene) divergences. We studied albumin evolution in 16 east‐west species pairs of frogs representing six genera to assess the validity of these conclusions.


We abstract the I/O functionality of continuous-time dynamical systems (e.g., SPICE netlists with combinational and sequential logic) as Finite State Machines (FSMs). This enables efficient simulation of large designs implemented with less-than-perfect devices and components, and also opens the door to formal verification of transistor-level designs against higher-level specifications. In particular, our automatically generated FSMs faithfully capture the behaviour of latches, flip-flops, and circuits constructed from them. Among other technical advances, we generalize an existing (binary-only) FSM-learning approach to arbitrary I/O alphabets, which empowers it to learn high-fidelity abstractions of multi-level-discretized, multi-input/multi-output systems. Our approach, when applied to correctly functioning latches and flip-flops, is able to learn compact, multi-input FSM abstractions whose predictions closely match SPICE simulations. In addition, we have also applied our technique to produce multi-level-discretized FSM representations of digital systems that nevertheless exhibit "analogish" traits, such as an over-clocked, error-prone D-flip-flop. For such circuits, the automatically learned FSM abstraction includes additional states that characterise "failure modes" of the circuit for specific input sequences (these failure modes are also confirmed by SPICE simulations). Finally, we demonstrate that our technique is also applicable to larger and more complex multi-input, multi-output systems; for example, we are able to automatically derive an accurate FSM abstraction of a 280-transistor (BSIM4), 0-to-5 increment/decrement counter.


The Morning Song of the Stars By Sune Auken In 1846 Grundtvig wrote the historical hymn The Shepherds by Bethlehem (Hyrderne ved Betlehem), which describes the shepherds talking together during the night before the birth of Christ, followed by the song of the Angels. His friend, P.A. Fenger made a new version of it, removing the discussion among the shepherds (the first 12 stanzas), while keeping the song of the Angels (the last 5 stanzas). This version, Friends! God's Angel Gently Spoke (Venner! sagde Guds engel blidt) became the commonly known form of the hymn. Though Fenger's edition is judged to be well carried out and absolutely necessary, the article argues that the two parts of the poem are intimately connected and that important points were thus lost in Fenger's version. The shepherds discuss the present situation as compared to the past, and a young (unnamed) shepherd argues with great sorrow and almost anger that the present is horrible compared to the time of King David (as they are close to King David's city, it is natural for them to draw him into their discussion). He has seen a young couple (who the reader perceives to be Joseph and Mary) in Bethlehem, and he thinks that their plight finally proves his point: Joseph, the descendant of King David, has come to Bethlehem by order of a heathen King far, far away, and there is not even a place where the pregnant wife can give birth to her child. Against this, an old shepherd called Jonathan argues, with a reference to God's speech in the Book of Job, that the young shepherd does not possess the knowledge to judge: he did not hear the morning song of the stars at the Creation. Jonathan trusts the the prophecies in the Scriptures, and he argues that God is able to pronounce his ≫Let there be light≪ to the world as a ≫Let there be light again.≪ As soon as Jonathan has finished his speech, the whole issue is settled by the appearance of the Angels. They tell them about the new-born Christ, and sing a song for them which sounds like the song of the stars, thus proving Jonathan right: God has repeated the creation, and a new light is born into the world.


Aim. Dynamics and synchronism of florescence of winter rape sterile and fertile forms were studied to obtain high-quality stock seeds of F 1 .hybrids. Material. Lines of Ogu-inra, Polima sterility types and eight fertile forms were studied. It was found that three periods could be distinguished in provision of sterile forms with pollen. Results. In the first period of florescence from the third ten-day interval of April to the third ten-day interval of May sufficient amount of pollen is produced. Over this period 89 % of floriferous fertile flowers accrue to 68.5 % of sterile flowers. It was revealed that at the end of florescence (the third ten-day interval of June) of sterile forms there was no pollen of fertile forms. Around 6 % of sterile flowers bear blossom during this period. Conclusions. In the production of F 1 hybrid seeds the first period of florescence of sterile forms ensures obtainment of high-quality stock seeds, and biological contamination can be observed during the second and third periods. Recommendations regarding further investigation of paternal forms to improve winter rape F 1 hybrid seed industry are given.


This article discusses an unpublished play, Acteonisation du Grand Veneur d'Hollande (1643). Created – and possibly performed – within the immediate circle of the court of Elizabeth of Bohemia in The Hague, its anonymous author satirizes the various personalities in the Orange courts of respectively Frederik Hendrik and Amalia von Solms, and Willem II and Mary Stuart. Focusing on the social ambitions of Johannes Polyander van Kerckhoven, Lord of Heenvliet, and by using the popular myth of Actaeon and Diana, the clash between court and city, between princely aristocrats and republican burghers is played out.


As a small flying platform,the four axis aircraft's usage is very broad. The performance-to-price ratio used in this design is high with rich inside and outside plates. This design adopts the powerful STM32 MCU to be the core of the control system,the brushless NRF24L01 wireless module,electronic governor,gyroscope,accelerometer and magnetic sensor,pressure sensor to be the auxiliary devices,uses fusion filtering algorithm to filter the data from the sensors,meanwhile using the PID algorithm for calculation and further makes a aircraft flight control design of a small remote control type to create a four axis aircraft.Test flight shows that the balance is difficult to control when the four axis vehicle actual flight.


Objective: As life expectancy is increasing, the number and proportion of elderly patients with gastric cancer are also expanded. This study aimed to investigate the clinicopathological features for elderly gastric cancer patients undergoing gastrectomy and analyze risk factors for developing severe complications.Methods: A total of 514 patients treated surgically for gastric cancer between January 2016 and December 2019 were enrolled in this retrospective study. Patients were divided into two groups: younger group ( ≤ 69 years) and elderly group ( ≥ 70 years). Clinicopathological characteristics and operative outcomes including the complications and mortality were compared between two groups. Risk factors for severe complications in elderly gastric cancer patients were also investigated.Results: Of the 514 patients, 145 (28.2%) were elderly group. Comorbidity (P < 0.001), differentiated histology (P = -0.006), deeper in tumor depth (P = 0.012), and frequent lymph node metastasis (P = 0.028) were observed in elderly group. Overall complications (P = 0.046) and severe complications (P = 0.049) were significantly higher in elderly group. Multivariate analysis indicated that extent of resection (P = 0.044) was associated with severe complications in elderly gastric cancer patients.Conclusion: Elderly patients have a significantly higher probability of complications and severe complications than younger patients after gastrectomy for gastric cancer. Especially, when total gastrectomy was performed in elderly gastric cancer patients, the risk of developing serious complications was significantly higher more than 3 times. Therefore, surgeons should pay attention to gastric cancer patients over the age of 70 who require total gastrectomy.


Background: The survival of patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) has improved substantially in the last decade with the development of BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase inhibitors (BCR-ABL TKIs). However, clinically apparent liver disease and even death has been found with the treatment of ponatinib, and serious cases of liver injury were also associated with imatinib, nilotinib and dasatinib. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to compare the relative risk (RR) of hepatotoxicity of new-generation BCR-ABL TKIs with that of imatinib, and to provide an overall assessment of the clinical benefit.

Methods: Two independent investigators selected citations and clinical trials from PubMed, Embase, Cochrane library databases and clinicaltrials.gov from January 2000 to April 2020 to include RCTs comparing four new-generation BCR-ABL TKIs (dasatinib, bosutinib, nilotinib and ponatinib) with the first generation BCR-ABL TKI imatinib. Data extracted included study characteristics, baseline patient information, interventions and data on all grades and high grades alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) elevation, overall survival (OS), and major molecular response (MMR). The relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated using the inverse variance method.

Findings: Nine trials involving 3475 patients were analyzed. Increased risks were observed for each new-generation TKI except for dasatinib. The pooled RRs of all grades ALT and grade 3-4 ALT elevation were 2.89 (95% CI 1.78-4.69; P<0.0001) and 4.36 (95% CI 2.00-9.50; P<0.0001), respectively. The pooled RRs of all grades AST and grade 3-4 AST elevation were 2.20 (95% CI 1.63-2.98; P<0.0001) and 2.65 (95% CI 1.59-4.42; P<0.0001), respectively. New-generation TKIs significantly increased the major molecular response (MMR) rate at 1 year (Pooled RR, 1.59; 95% CI, 1.44-1.75, P<0.0001). No statistical difference in overall survival at 1 year was found between new-generation TKIs and imatinib (Pooled RR 1.00, 95% CI 1.00-1.01, P=0.33).

Interpretation: Clinical trials indicated an increased risk of developing hepatotoxicity in patients treated with BCR-ABL TKIs. Our findings are of importance to provide personalized medication strategy and stresses the need for frequent hepatic function monitoring in patients treated with bosutinib, nilotinib, and ponatinib.

Trial Registration: The review has been registered in the PROSPERO 2020 protocol: CRD42020202337.

Funding Statement: This study was financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2017YFC1702006).

Declaration of Interests: The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this article.


Chronicles a seven-year journey working with mentally retarded adults who traditionally had avoided mentioning resident deaths. Notes how procedural changes, a deepening sense of community, reduction in staff fears, and attitude changes toward death contributed to a new attempt at dealing with this inevitable process. Stresses the observations that the reactions and responses of the mentally retarded resembles those of normal people. Bases observations on clinical data gathered from a variety of settings both within and beyond the institutional context.


The geological database of the Phanerozoic Kinnaur Tethyan Basin in Himachal Pradesh is updated and its lower Palaeozoic lithostratigraphy revised to bring uniformity with the Spiti Basin. The paper also records the occurrence of middle Palaeozoic-Mesozoic rocks for the first time from the Baspa Valley. Some observations on the validity of certain fossil reports from this basin have also been made.


We study the role played by nonlinearities in the formation of optical vortices when the boundary conditions determine the pattern formation in a Fabry-Perot resonator. Particular care is taken to avoid trivial vortices coming from particular Gaussian modes or from the cavity alignment. We show that, while the existence of optical vortices is a generic linear property of the superpositions of Gaussian modes, their actual appearance in the transmitted patterns is controlled by the nonlinearity itself


Many bio-active compounds contain one or more saturated or partially saturated heterocycles. Most of these contain one or more stereo centres. As a result any attempts to synthesize these compounds must take full account of the stereochemistry. In this article a new approach to the stereoselective synthesis of heterocycles is reviewed. The emphasis is on oxygen-containing heterocycles. The approach involves a sequence of a
nucleophilic addition reaction followed by an electrophilic ring closure. Examples are given of the
stereoselective synthesis of the heterocyclic subunits of macrolide and polyether antibiotics, ybutyrolactone autoregulators, marine polyether toxins and C-glycosides.


The efficiency of any solar operated system largely depends upon its effective alignment with respect to sunlight and for this there are plethora as of systems available but as per the environmental and geographical circumstances the efficiency of conventional systems vary and because of this the overall output gets deteriorated. There is a strong need to propose a system which is governed directly by the approximated position of sun, calculated by research oriented data. If the system incorporated largely wi th mechanical system than the dependency of the system defiantly can be trickle down. By analysing that fact into my mind I had opted to redesign solar sun tracking by utilizing total mechanical systems. My endeavour behind the system is to develop and demonstrate a state of the art solar tracking system which is not dependent upon any sensor and can opt its position directly by using approximate solar positioning. The proposed solar sun tracking system comprises of compact reduction gear assembly in which a small DC motor gives its input in low torque and high RPM but by applying reduction gear assembly we are reducing its RPM till 1 in 7 hours so that a highest torque could be generated and the efficient solar sun tracking could become possible.


A session ofthe annual meeting ofthe American Psychiatric Association in Dallas, Tex., on May 2, 1972, was devoted to ' 'Foreign Medical Graduates. ' ' Those presenting papers were members ofthe A PA Task Force on Foreign Medical Graduates. The participants were: Milton H. Miller, M. D. , Professor and Head, Department ofPsychiatrv, University ofBritish Columbia, Vancouver, Canada, speaking on behalfofhimselfas chairman ofthe taskforce and ofhis associate, Tsung-yi Lin, M. D. , Professor of Psychiatry and Professor of Mental Health, University ofMichigan, Ann Arbor, consultant to the task force. Fikre Workneh, M. D. , former/v resident 'in ps;chiatry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, now Assistant Professor ofPsychiatry, Haile Selassie University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, speaking on behalf of himself and his associates: Marjorie H. Klein, Ph. D. , Assistant Professor, Department ofPsychiatry and Psychiatric Institute, University of Wisconsin; Milton H. Miller, M.D.,' Aris Alexander, Ph. D. , Associate Professor, Department ofPsychiatry, University of Wisconsin,' and Kwo-hwa Tseng, M. D. , Child Psychiatrist, Winnebago State Hospital. Oshkosh, Wis. Eugene B. Brody, M. D. , Professor and Chairman, Department ofPsychiatry, and Director, Institute of Psychiatrv and Human Relations, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Md. David J. Lewis, M.D., Professor, Division of Psychiatry, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada, and Clinical Director, Department of Psychiatry, Foothills Hospital, Calgary. Tsung-yi Lin, M.D., speaking on behalf of himself and of his associate, Mei-chen L. Lin, A. CS. W., Social Work Supervisor, Children's Psychiatric Hospital, University of Michigan Medical Center. Their papers are abstracted below.


FIELD: organic chemistry, medicine, pharmacy. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to new derivatives of indolylpiperidine of the formula (I): wherein A 1 means (C 1 -C 7 )-alkylene, (C 1 -C 7 )-alkyleneoxy-, (C 1 -C 7 )-alkylenethio-, (C 1 -C 7 )-alkanoyl, hydroxy-(C 1 -C 7 )-alkylene; A 2 means a single bond, (C 1 -C 7 )-alkylene, (C 2 -C 5 )-alkenylene; W means a single bond, phenylene, furanylene that is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more halogen atoms, (C 1 -C 7 )-alkoxy- and/or alkyl groups; R 1 means hydrogen atom (H), (C 1 -C 7 )-alkyl, (C 2 -C 7 )-alkenyl, (C 2 -C 7 )-alkynyl, (C 2 -C 5 )-alkoxyalkyl, (C 3 -C 7 )-alkenyloxyalkyl, (C 3 -C 7 )-alkynyloxyalkyl, (C 3 -C 7 )-alkoxyalkoxyalkyl, phenyl-(C 1 -C 7 )-alkyl wherein phenyl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more halogen atoms, (C 1 -C 7 )-alkyl, (C 1 -C 7 )-alkoxy- or arylalkoxy- (preferably with phenylalkoxy-) groups, or means (C 3 -C 10 )-cycloalkyl-(C 1 -C 7 )-alkyl wherein cycloalkyl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more halogen atoms, (C 1 -C 7 )-alkyl, (C 1 -C 7 )-alkoxy-groups; R 2 means hydrogen atom (H), halogen atom, (C 1 -C 7 )-alkyl, (C 1 -C 7 )-alkoxy-; R 3 means carboxyl, tetrazolyl, and to their pharmaceutically acceptable salts. Compounds of the formula (I) elicit antihistaminic and anti-allergic activity that allows their using in composition used for treatment of allergic diseases including bronchial asthma, rhinitis, conjunctivitis, dermatitis and nettle rash. Also, invention describes methods for preparing compounds of the formula (I). EFFECT: valuable medicinal properties of compounds. 15 cl, 2 sch, 3 tbl, 162 ex


The spin-torque oscillation modes of a composite synthetic antiferromagnetic free layer in dual magnetic tunnel junctions with MgO barriers are studied experimentally by analyzing the field- and current-dependent power spectra. Two oscillation modes are observed under different magnetic fields and currents due to the unique layer structure. With increasing field, the first mode shows a frequency reduction at low magnetic fields followed by a frequency increase at high magnetic fields, while the second mode reveals a frequency increase at both low and high magnetic fields. The current-dependent power spectra of these two modes are also different. With increasing current, the frequency of the first mode drops at low magnetic fields and rises at high magnetic fields, while the other decreases at low and high magnetic fields. These two modes could be tentatively understood by considering the exchange coupling of the synthetic antiferromagnetic free layer.


Foxtail millet [Setaria italica (L.) Beauv.] is an old and important food crop in China, India and other countries of East Asia. It is still grown as birdseed in Europe and as fodder plant in South America. As a drought resistant crop, foxtail millet has been playing an important role on dry farming. Utilizing heterosis is one of the most economic and effective approaches to improving yield of crops, and the use of male sterility is an economic and effective way to utilize heterosis in foxtail millet. After seventies of last century, obvious progress has been made on the study of male sterility, and several sterile germplasms of foxtail millet were produced. "Chifeng sterility", a nuclear genic interaction type of dominant male sterility in foxtail millet, was discovered from the hybrids of Australia millet and Tulufan millet. To identify AFLP markers linked to the gene "Ms(superscript ch)" conferring the dominant male sterility, sterile bulk (SB) and fertile bulk (FB) prepared from the NILs were subjected to polymorphism screening in AFLP analysis. A total of 400 random AFLP primer combinations were used to screen polymorphic markers. Two markers (P17/M37(subscript 224) and P35/M52(subscript 208), Fig.2 and Fig.3) tightly linked to the dominant male-sterility gene were identified, with a map distance to the gene of 2.1 cM and 1.4 cM, respectively. These two markers may play an important role in the identification of Ms(superscript ch) lines through marker-assisted selection in foxtail millet to improve breeding efficiency.


There has been an increasing number of collaboration between modeling and observation for the study of upper atmospheric variability and its relation to the lower atmosphere. Observations are used as the forcing inputs to models as well as for their validation. Outputs from models can be useful for the interpretation of observed phenomena owing to their sufficient spatial and temporal coverage, especially for the analysis of phenomena whose effects extend beyond the several atmospheric layers. Recently, we have examined the effects of a prominent stratospheric sudden warming (SSW) in January 2009 on the upper atmospheric variability, by using a whole atmosphere-ionosphere coupled model called GAIA. The model used the meteorological reanalysis data as realistic lower atmospheric forcing, and we compared the model outputs with the satellite observations of upper atmosphere [Jin et al., 2012; Liu et al., 2012]. The comparison suggests that the model can reproduce the overall major features of the observed perturbed variations in the upper atmosphere during the SSW period, which ensures the usage of model output for the detail analysis of vertical coupling mechanism during the event.


Mandibular morphology is determined not only by dietary habits, but also by sexual selection and allometry in primates. It is well‐known that African papionins show intra‐ and interspecific variations through varied extensions of a common ontogenetic allometric trajectory in the face. Here, we used geometric morphometrics to compare the ontogenetic trajectories of large‐bodied Japanese macaques and small‐bodied long‐tailed macaques in the sister clade of African papionins. The two species showed a major common allometric trend that was comparable to that of African papionins, but the allometric trajectory was transposed parallel to each other with few interspecies differences in mandibular shape. A minor allometric trend occurred before the eruption of the first molar. During extensino of this allometric trend in Japanese macaques, mandibular shape becomes mechanically suitable for processing tough food items in their dietary repertoire in winter. The decoupling of size and shape in the major allometric trend can allow for adaptive modifications in mandibular shape, which in turn may play a central role in speciation in macaques. Compared to other African papionins, macaques are widely distributed in temperate areas and have survived in fluctuating climates and habitats. Thus, evolutionary modifications that occur in different ontogenetic bases can result in variations in size and shape that are uniquely adaptive for a given clade.


The quality of travel chains is significantly affected by the standard of information handling operations and its time requirements. The optimal planning and execution of locomotions is motivated on the one hand by the growth of information demand of travellers and on the other hand by the extending technical opportunities. Many journey planners are already available on the internet, but these often provide only partially comprehensive solutions. In order to analyze the multimodal journey planners we have developed a framework of aspects, and this way they can be compared in a quantitative way and ranked by functional, operational and visualization features. In the course of comparison some top features of the planners have been highlighted, too. Taking this to account we have formulated and summarized the expectations towards a new generation journey planner, as for example handling dynamic data, offering location-based services and proposing personalized recommendations using all transport modes.


The goal of this homework assignment was to use linear regression to predict users' ratings of books sold on Amazon.com. To construct the feature matrix, we tokenized the written review texts in several different ways: With and without stemming, as well as using either single words as tokens or bigrams. The dependent variable is a star rating given by reviewers, ranging from 1 star (very unsatisfied) to 5 stars (very satisfied). In the original dataset, the 3-star ratings were removed, so the others could be grouped to create a binary classification problem: 1and 2-star ratings are considered negative reviews, while 4and 5-star ratings are considered positive ratings.


The relationship between changes of soyprotien molecular weight and properties to promote the growth during the processing of Sufu was investigated in the present work.Soyprotein of beancurd and blank degrated during processing of fermented tofu.Proteins,whose molecular weight decreased to less than 10 kDa,and peptides of 1kDa got to the maximum after one week fermentation.Their titers were 1 695.6 mg·100 g and 722.2 mg·100 g,respectively.However,the total amino acid continually increased with the longation of fermentation time,conversely the small molecule peptides gradually decreased.The promotion of growth in vitro proved a significantly positive effect of small molecule peptides on the reproduction of yeast and Lactobacillus bulgaricus.


The present invention provides a method for realizing a double-port synchronous memory device by a single-port memory and a related device thereof. A double-port synchronous memory device triggered by a clock pulse can synchronously receive a reading command and a writing command within the same period of the clock pulse for simultaneously reading/writing data; a single-port memory only carries out the reading command or the writing command within the same time. When the present invention realizes a multi-port synchronous memory device by the single-port memory with low cost and small layout area, the single-port memory firstly finishes one command within the same period, and then continuously executes the next command so that the reading command and the writing command are finished when one period is finished for realizing the function of the double-port synchronous memory device.


This paper studies the sample complexity of the stochastic Linear Quadratic Regulator when applied to systems with multiplicative noise. We assume that the covariance of the noise is unknown and estimate it using the sample covariance, which results in a larger closed-loop cost. The main contribution of this paper is then to bound the suboptimality of the methodology — i.e., the difference between the closed-loop cost and the true optimum — and prove that it decreases with 1/N, where N denotes the amount of samples of the noise distribution. Under certain assumptions, the methodology is also applicable when only state trajectories are available. It also generalizes to the case where the mean is unknown and to the distributionally robust case studied in a previous work of the authors. The analysis is mostly based on results from matrix function perturbation analysis.


This paper proposed a new method for maximizing the loadability of power networks regardless to the transmission lines compensation types. The paper determines some of the network lines that by making change in the reactance of them, loadability of whole system could rise considerably. This optimized design of mentioned network is performed through Genetic Algorithm (GA) optimization technique. With GA technique, the paper is looking for drastic transmission lines and their compensational values in order to transmitting more power in considered network, provided that maximum loadability of voltage stability besides the minimization of costs is respected sufficiently. Numerical results are obtained applying IEEE-39 Bus test system as a case study for testing correctness and applicability of this new offered solution.


This paper has a discussion on the relationship between the landscape city's concept and sustainable development combined with Kaifeng's actuality. We introduce Kaifeng's natural and cultural surroundings and the model conformation of establishing landscape and tourism city in Kaifeng .


Background: This paper describes the curriculum and impact of an innovative resident-as-teacher course at the University of Massachusetts Medical School. The intent of the course is to prepare students across undergraduate and graduate medical education for their roles as teacher, learner and leader during residency. Method: The elective introduces teaching skills curricula during year two of medical school and integrates it into residency years. The course was developed with the premise that integrating facets of graduate and undergraduate medical education offers students diverse perspectives of the teaching/learning process. Students completed a pre-/post-course questionnaire and an end-of-course evaluation, from which data were gathered to determine course impact. Results: Students reported increased confidence levels in their teaching skills from pre- to post-test. Post-test data indicated that 88% of students 'agreed' and 12% 'strongly agreed' that the course equipped them with 'skills which will enable [them] to provide teaching that supports effective learning', an increase from pre-test data which indicated that 50% 'agreed' and 50% 'disagreed'. Conclusion: Results indicate the course did effect a change in students' attitudes to teaching as evident from comments such as, 'I will be a better teacher because I have been given the appropriate tools'.


The purpose of this study is to investigate the attitude to and experience of information and communication technology (ICT) in teachers teaching and what motivates them.

The study is qualitati ...


There is a dire need to incorporate quality improvement measures in medical education of our country as now worldwide the paradigm is shifted from the students' outcome to the continuous quality improvement (CQI) measures. The ultimate goal of CQI is to provide optimal patient care. This is the responsibility of the accreditation council (PMDC) to ensure the true application of quality improvement indicators in medical institutes. The quality document introduced by the PMDC is the true reflection of the world accreditation bodies WFME, WHO. By ensuring the true application of this quality document, Pakistan Medical and Dental Council will be able to compete with the International standards of medical education through competent future physicians.


Many local undergraduate universities are up from higher vocational schools and have the school-running experi ence in vocational education.Therefore,running undergraduate level vocational education is the rational return following their own development logic for these universities.Local undergraduate universities journals are the cultural front with the most concentrated information and theory as well as should value and provide the face support for the teaching and the educational reform of vocational education,so as to play the information intermediary and bridge role,highlight the indus try properties column contents and the occupational pertinence and strive to serve local economic development.


It's helpful for teachers'oral teaching and putonghua test if we determine the central status of emotional expression and point out the best channel of it in reading.


The transient speed signal may be used in diesel status fault diagnosis,but there are many interference factors in measuring procedure,and axis orbit is one of the important factors.At first,the measure errors of transient speed by shaft center track were analyzed.The axis orbit had the direct influence on the transient speed measurement,it might modulate the output signal of transducer in frequency and amplitude.The function expressions of magnetoelectric sensor's output voltage waves in influencing of the axis orbit are derived;Through simulation computing,it is proved that axis orbit has significant influence to measuring of transient speed,and the corresponding solving method is bring forward.


Speaks of a fresh approach to knowing and teaching. The editors have combined a philosophical framework for the centrality of narrative and dialogue in education and human services with lively accounts from practitioners working in a variety of disciplines and fields.


The temporal variations and geographical distributions of sensible and latent heat fluxes over the Pacific were calculated and analyzed by using the Goddard Earth Observing System (GEOS) - four-dimensional Data Assimilation system (DAS). The calculated results show that the heat flux over the northwestern Pacific varies obviously with seasons, but over the other ocean areas of the Pacific there are no such phenomena. There is always the highest value region of latent heat fluxes over the Pacific, but the values of sensible heat fluxes are often very small except over the ocean area north of 20°N and there is no highest value region at all. The latent heat fluxes have different distributions with longitude in different latitudes. And the variation of latent heat fluxes with latitude is not the same in different longitude and also it varies with seasons.


This paper describes the principle of ultra-short optical pulse measurement including novel measuremet methods that have recently been developed. The SHG auto-correlation method is most widely used to estimate the short optical pulse width. However, two-photon absorption in LED's and photodiodes has been applied to generate the nonlinear correlation signal instead of SHG, and has revealed remarkable performance in the short pulse measurement. On the other hand, the cross-correlation method such as the optical sampling method has been introduced into the measurement of transient response of optical devices and the pulse pattern measurement in ultra-high speed optical transmission systems. The reconstruction of the waveform and phase from the measured correlation signal is also an important problem. This paper deals with the FROG (Frequency Resolved Optical Gating) developed for this purpose.


The later period of the Warring Statesto to Xihan period is an important period of the development of the passive sentence of Chinese.Guanzi is a representative book in this period.We can recognize the historical development of the passive sentence pattern of the later period of the Warring States to Xihan period comprehensively by analyzing and studying the passive sentence pattern of Guanzi.The specialties of the historical development of the passive sentence pattern,such as the splendor and rapid decline of the passive sentence pattern of "Yu",the development and gradual maturity of the passive sentence pattern of "Jian",the maturity and decline of the passive sentence of"Wei",the appearance and rapid development of the passive sentence pattern of"Wei…Suo…",the appearance and the most rapid punishment of the passive sentence pattern of "Wei…Zhi…",the rudiment and slow development of the passive sentence patterns of "Wei…Zhisuo…"and "Bei",etc,can be showed.The position and value of the passive sentence pattern of Guanzi in the historical development of the passive sentence pattern of Chinese are established in this paper.


Objective
To investigate the relationship between the serum irisin level and the clinical metabolic parameters of senile diabetic nephropathy (DN).

Methods
Forty patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (group SDM), urine microalbumin (UAER) <30 mg/d; 40 patients with early T2DM nephropathy (group EDN), UAER 30~300 mg/d; 40 cases of kidney disease patients (CDN group), UAER≥300 mg/d were selected. The height, body mass, BMI, blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, blood lipid, liver and kidney function related indexes and the level of irisin in serum were detected. Spearman correlation analysis and multiple linear regression analysis were used to analyze the relationship between serum iririn and metabolic parameters of diabetic nephropathy in the elderly.

Results
The serum irisin levels in group EDN and group CDN were lower than that in group SDM (P<0.01). The correlation analysis showed that the irisin level was negatively correlated with weight (r=-0.216, P<0.05), systolic blood pressure (r=-0.194, P<0.05), blood urea nitrogen (r=-0.208, P<0.05), serum creatine (r=-0.327, P<0.01), and positively correlated with HbA1c(r=0.222, P<0.05), epidermal growth factor receptor (eGFR) (r=0.357, P<0.01).

Conclusions
Serum irisin levels in patients with DN are reduced, which may be involved in energy metabolic disorders, oxidative stress, cytokine expression and endothelial dysfunction in diabetic nephropathy.

Key words:
Diabetic nephropathy; Irisin; Oxidative stress; Endothelial function


Systems and methods determine the position of a touch on a surface of a device, such as a touch-sensitive device, by using position-dependent electrical charges. In such a method, the position of a touching implement is determined on the sensing surface of a device. The method includes generating signals on the surface of the device to create a position-dependent electrical charge on the touching implement; and measuring the position-dependent electrical charge to indicate a coordinate on the sensing surface for establishing the position of the touching implement.


ABSTRACT According to a 2002 report by TransUnion, one of the U.S.'s three credit bureaus, the No. 1 underlying source of identity fraud is theft of employer records. Human Resource departments are a prime target for this type of crime "when someone steals a wallet, they get one name, one SSN - when they steal personnel files, they get away with 10, maybe 100 names and numbers (Wells, 2002, p. 33). This paper will examine the potential legal and employee relations consequences associated with the theft of employer records and identity fraud, what employers can do to prevent theft of employer records, and what employers can do to minimize the negative consequences associated with their records being utilized in identity fraud. INTRODUCTION "The workplace is the source of most records used in identity theft and financial fraud" (Payroll Managers Report, 2006). In May of 2006, the United States Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) reported that identifying information for up to 26.5 million veterans was part of the take in a burglary of one of it's employees homes. The stolen data was stored in a laptop computer and external hard drive the employee had taken home. The employee, a data analyst with the agency, was not authorized to take the data home and his behavior was in violation of VA policies (FirstGov, 2006). The (VA) incident is the largest and one of the latest in a long list of recent security breaches to make headlines. The incident also highlights the role of employer records in this regard. Wells, citing a 2002 report by TransUnion, one of the U.S.'s three credit bureaus, reported that "the No. 1 underlying source of identity fraud is theft of employer records" (Wells, 2002, p. 33). Human Resource (HR) departments are particularly rich sources of information that can be utilized in identity fraud. Personnel files that include payroll, benefit, and tax data, contain pieces of information that can facilitate the identity thief s objective and often are secured under the auspices of the HR function. HR is a big target... When someone steals a wallet, they get one name, one SSN. When they steal personnel files, they get away with 10, maybe 100 names and numbers (Wells, 2002, p 33). In this paper, the potential legal and employee relations consequences associated with the theft of employer records and identity fraud are examined. In addition, what employers can do to prevent the theft of employer records, and what employers can do to minimize the negative consequences associated with their records being utilized in identity fraud are presented. BACKGROUND ON THE PROBLEM The genesis of the problems associated with identity theft and fraud can be traced to the passage of the Social security Act in 1936. Initially, an individual's Social security Number (SSN) was to be utilized to track workers' contributions to the social security fund. Marc Rotenberg, in his statement and testimony before the subcommittee on Commerce, Trade, and Consumer Protection Committee on Energy and Commerce in May of 2006 noted that "public concern over the potential abuse of the SSN was so high that the first regulation issued by the new Social security Board declared that the SSN was for the exclusive use of the Social security system" (Rotenberg, 2006). Eventually, legislation was enacted that allowed the SSN to be utilized for other purposes, including the authorization granted to the Internal Revenue Service to use SSNs as taxpayer identification numbers in 1961 (Rotenberg, 2006). Rotenberg further cited a U.S. Department of Health, Education & Welfare report prepared in association with the enactment of the Federal Privacy Act of 1974 that "outlined many of the concerns with the use and misuse of the Social security Number that show a striking resemblance to the problems we face today". "Although the term "identity theft" was not yet in use... the report that provided the basis for comprehensive privacy legislation in 1974, described the risks of a "Standard Universal Identifier, " how the number was promoting invasive profiling, and that many of the uses were clearly inconsistent with the original purpose of the 1936 Act (Rotenberg, 2006). …


Background: Overexpressed heterogeneous protein often exists as soluble and insoluble forms. Results: Escherichia coli cells overexpressing heterogeneous β-galactosidase are mainly composed of two subpopulations with soluble protein and inclusion bodies, respectively. Conclusion: The ratio of soluble and insoluble protein is determined by the ratio of the two cell subpopulations. Significance: Our data shed new light on the formation of the equilibrium between soluble and insoluble forms. The mechanism by which inclusion bodies form is still not well understood, partly because the dynamic processes of the inclusion body formation and its solubilization have hardly been investigated at an individual cell level, and so the important detailed information has not been acquired for the mechanism. In this study, we investigated the in vivo folding and aggregation of Aspergillus phoenicis β-d-galactosidase fused to a red fluorescence protein in individual Escherichia coli cells. The folding status and expression level of the recombinant β-d-galactosidase at an individual cell level was analyzed by flow cytometry in combination with transmission electron microscopy and Western blotting. We found that individual E. coli cells fell into two distinct states, one containing only inclusion bodies accompanied with low galactosidase activity and the other containing the recombinant soluble galactosidase accompanied with high galactosidase activity. The majority of the E. coli cells in the later state possessed no inclusion bodies. The two states of the cells were shifted to a cell state with high enzyme activity by culturing the cells in isopropyl 1-thio-β-d-galactopyranoside-free medium after an initial protein expression induction in isopropyl 1-thio-β-d-galactopyranoside-containing medium. This shift of the cell population status took place without the level change of the β-d-galactosidase protein in individual cells, indicating that the factor(s) besides the crowdedness of the recombinant protein play a major role in the cell state transition. These results shed new light on the mechanism of inclusion body formation and will facilitate the development of new strategies in improving recombinant protein quality.


Data update is an important constitution of database application.This paper introduces an implementation of ADO-based cached updates in Delphi, involving with its advantages, application occasions and control method. At last, an essential study of the problem unfathomed of this technology is made properly.


Economic growth was a subject of interest and concern to West African intellectuals in the nineteenth century, as it is to their successors today. Yet these pioneer thinkers had no theory or analytical tools designed specifically to explain the economic conditions facing them. To fill the void, Africans in the British colonies imported, modified, and even improved on portions of the social science apparatus used by the rest of the nineteenth-century English-speaking world. This paper describes certain highlights of the process whereby economic ideas, which constituted an important segment of Western technology, were transferred to British West Africa and were assimilated in the course of social modernization. The importation of economic doctrine was both influenced by and a determinant of growth. In the extent to which West Africans of a century ago found it necessary to reject as inappropriate or modify drastically economic doctrine received from abroad, this account suggests useful comparisons for the present day.1


Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the fourth leading cause of all deaths. COPD arises from the interaction between environmental exposure and host factor. Tobacco smoke, occupational exposures, indoor and outdoor air pollution and passive smoking have to be considered as risk factors. We analyzed the possible risk factors in developing COPD in 100 patients who never smoked, with age over 40 years, admitted from an exacerbation in Leon Daniello Pneumology Hospital, Cluj Napoca, from January 2007 to December 2010. We evaluated gender, age, family history, co-morbidities, geographic distribution (rural/urban area), occupational exposure to dusts/gases/fumes, and exposure to biomass smoke for cooking or heating without good ventilation, passive smoking, the main symptoms and the GOLD stage of disease. From the total 100 nonsmoker patients included in the study, 60% were male, with mean age of 57.2 years, 64% were from urban area, majority with low income (87%). The possible risk factors were: passive smoking 20%, occupational exposures 26%, exposures to biomass smoke 18%, and combination of risk factors 36%. The main symptoms described were dyspnea in 87 cases, cough in 83 cases, expectoration in 80 patients, weight loss in 21 cases and cyanosis in 6 cases. Patients' stage of disease was predominantly moderate in 45% and severe in 30%. The combinations of risk factors may increase the probability of developing chronic disease, and the Romanian Governmental Program must sustain the environmental protection for improving human health and quality of life.


The audit series investigated how rates of Certification of Visual Impairment (CVI) at Royal Cornwall Hospital Trust (RCHT) performed when compared against Public Health England (PHE) indices. Our aim was to assess whether CVI rates could be improved by promoting clinician awareness. We collected CVI data for Sight Impairment (SI) and Severe Sight Impairment (SSI) from a prospective MS Excel database maintained at RCHT for all certifications between 1 August 2014 and 31 July 2016. Annual local certification rates were compared to regional and national rates using data from Public Health Outcomes Framework (PHOF) for glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration (ARMD), and diabetic eye disease. We found that overall rates of certification were above both those of the South West region and England; however, certifications for ARMD and glaucoma fell below the regional and national rates. Reasons for this may include variations in ethnicity, introduction of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) agents, and/or the potential delay in CVI completion while under treatment for ARMD. We concluded that raising awareness among clinicians did not prove a satisfactory intervention to improve certification rates. In response to these findings, RCHT and a local charity, iSight Cornwall, have jointly funded an Eye Clinic Liaison Officer (ECLO) to enhance the certification process. This is expected to deliver immediate service improvement. Considerable overlap in dual diagnoses presents a problem in interpretation of CVI data, which could be targeted by the implementation of electronic certification.


The evolution of smart water grids leads to new Big Data challenges boosting the development and application of Machine Learning techniques to support efficient and sustainable drinking water management. These powerful techniques rely on hyperparameters making the models' tuning a tricky and crucial task. We hence propose an insightful analysis of the tuning of Artificial Neural Networks for drinking water demand forecasting. This study focuses on layers and nodes' hyperparameters fitting of different Neural Network architectures through a grid search method by varying dataset, prediction horizon and set of inputs. In particular, the architectures involved are the Feed Forward Neural Network, the Long Short Term Memory, the Simple Recurrent Neural Network and the Gated Recurrent Unit, while the prediction interval ranges from 1 h to 1 week. To avoid the problem of the Neural Networks tuning stochasticity, we propose the selection of the median model among several repetitions for each hyperparameter's configurations. The proposed iterative tuning procedure highlights the change of the required number of layers and nodes depending on Neural Network architectures, prediction horizon and dataset. Significant trends and considerations are pointed out to support Neural Network application in drinking water prediction.


The purpose of this article is to delineate those things that have led to the distortion of the rites of passage performed by Africans. The rites constitute the very soul of the educational process for African youth. For Africans, the mystification and mythologization of initiation rites through cultural domination by missionaries, colonialists, and neocolonialists have reduced this educational tool to merely the trimming of genitals and other strange savage practices. Distortions of these culturally based practices have almost led to their extinction. Many Africans have been alienated from their cultures and coerced to adopt the Western type of education. Most Africans have been deprived in their youth of the understanding and teaching of the fundamentals of their society, thus exposing them to cultural genocide and lower levels of self-esteem (Lamb, 1987; Mazrui, 1986). Demystification means to remove the mystery. In this case, demythification means to remove the mystery from the rites of passage. Demythologization means to divest of mythological forms in order to uncover underlying meaning of the concept of rites of passage. As Africans and African Americans begin to introduce and reintroduce these cultural concepts, the goal is to avoid mistakes made in the past. That is, Western cultural perspectives in educa-


In this expository note, we give a brief overview of some recently developed ideas in the study of framed combinatorial spaces, and its applications in the definition of manifold diagrams, tame tangles, and the combinatorial study of higher Morse theory.


The invention discloses a plane roof modularized structure comprising a structure layer, a leveling layer and a parapet wall arranged around the structure layer. A roof layer is arranged on the structure layer. A waterproof system is arranged on the roof layer and provided with multiple protection plates matched with the waterproof system. The roof layer is composed of the leveling layer, multiple steel bases and a thermal insulation layer, wherein the leveling layer is provided with the multiple rows of steel bases which are perpendicular to the downstream direction in parallel, and the thermal insulation layer is arranged between every two steel bases and meshed with the lap joints of the steel bases. The waterproof system is provided with waterproof coiled material clamps, planks, a waterproof coiled material layer, waterproof glands and detail joint waterproof layers, wherein the waterproof coiled material clamps are arranged in the downstream direction, each plank is clamped between every two waterproof coiled material clamps, the waterproof coiled material layer is arranged on the planks, and the waterproof glands are buckled on the waterproof coiled material clamps and the waterproof coiled material layer. The inner side of one end, in the downstream direction, of the parapet wall is provided with multiple exhaust ports communicated with a groove in the outer side, and the other end, in the downstream direction, of the parapet wall is provided with multiple upper water falling ports; the parapet wall is of a reinforced concrete structure.


Nucleus and DNN Model LIN Ju, XIE Yanlu, ZHANG Wei, ZHANG Jinsong (1. College of Information Sciences, Beijing Language and Culture University, Beijing 100083, China) Abstract: Prosody boundary plays an important role in naturalness and intelligibility of speech of verbal expressions. Thus, prosody modeling is important aspect of speech synthesis and understanding. In this paper, from the angle of interaction of adjacent tones, we propose a method of prosody boundary detecting based on tone nucleus and DNN model. This method firstly calculated the boundary -related parameters by applying the tone nucleus features. Then, the parameters were modeled by deep neural network. For comparison, the baseline system was used the acoustic features of syllable. The experimental results showed that the proposed method used tone nucleus features outperformed the baseline system, with a relative 4% improvement. It demonstrated the efficiency of the proposed method.


The poet "out of his mind" is not trustworthy if our aim is wisdom. A philosopher cut off from the root and source of wisdom is no better. We want our souls to grow. We want our living consciousness of what is real and true to expand. Hegel is the philosopher of consciousness. Before he gave The Phenomenology of Spirit its final title, he had as his subtitle "Science of the Experience of Consciousness." Though consciousness ranges across all things, from sense experience to the objects of art and religion, philosophy is ultimately and uniquely about our being in the world, a kind of living consciousness that is the fullness of self-knowledge. In The Philosophy of Right , Hegel warns, "When philosophy paints its gray on gray, then has a form of life grown old, and with gray on gray it cannot be rejuvenated, but only known; the Owl of Minerva first takes flight with twilight closing in." It is this "gray on gray" that is resisted by a philosophy that aims to grow the consciousness of seekers as they experience the world. In much of the quarrel, the poets engage as prophetic figures used as the voice of the gods for better or worse, their words received and brought to fullness of understanding by the philosophers. At many points in this history, poetry has functioned as a means of gaining access to the "transcendent" in one form or another, moving past the mundane immanent world, however much such claims labor under suspicion.


A comprehensive understanding of how the body and all its components function is essential when this knowledge is exploited for medical purposes. The achievements in biological and medical research ...


Research on Bi1.6Pb0.4Sr2Ca2-xOxCu3Oy monofilment superconducting wires using Ag-sheated and Stainless Steel 316 to reach higher critical temperature (Tc) have been done. Samples were prepared via powder-in-tube method. Powders of Bi2O3,PbO2, SrCO3, CaCO3 and CuO were mixed in stoichiometric ratio.After being mixed, the monofilament billet rolling with diameter (d = 8mm, 6mm, 5mm, 4mm, 2.5mm) were replaced inti the furnance and sinterizeded in air at temperature 850 0C for about ( t = 30h, 24h, 9h) then cooled in a furnace. The samples were submitted to X-Ray Diffraction to determine their crystalline structure. The diffraction pattern of sample BPSCCO monofilament superconducting wires using Ag-sheated shows that the occurrence of phase formation (Bi, Pb) -2223, (Bi, Pb) -2212, CuO and the crystal structure formed on BPSCCO wires sheated Ag is Orthorombic. For the superconducting monofilament BPSCCO sheathed Stainless Steel 316 is amorphous due to the impurity of CuO and the composition of the Stainless Steel tube to the base superconductor material Bi. The surface morphology studied by SEM show that the BPSCCO monofilment superconducting wires using Ag-sheated and Stainless Steel 316 through morphological analysis seen the existence of crack due to the rolling process on the wire, the homogeneity of the sample already looks quite good although the resulting grains melted and distributed randomly. The resistivity analysis, the sample of the BPSCCO monofilament superconducting wires using sheated Ag (Sample A1) around Tc, onset = 98 K and Tc, zero = 72 K and the sample of BPSCCO monofilament superconducting wires using sheathed Stainless Steel 316 (Sample B1) has Tc, Onset 107 K and Tc, zero 49 K and Sample B2 indicate only possible Tc, the onset of the wire is about 80 K. So that the superconducting wire of sheated Stainless Steel 316 can replace the sheated-Ag because the price of Ag cover is relatively more expensive.


When multiple bars are present, the increased mass of steel causes the instrument to indicate a cover shallower than the true cover. There is little documentation on the values of bar spacing at which these errors may be expected. The paper presents the results of a series of systematic measurements, of bars at realistic values of cover and bar pitch, using a variety of different instruments. The bars used in the tests were all ribbed high tensile steel and the instruments compared were all manufactured in the last ten years. The results show that although the published value for the minimum pitch-to-depth ratio is a useful "rule of thumb", there were wide variations in error in the ratio between different instruments and detector-head technologies. The testing methods described may be of assistance to any civil engineer or surveyor who wishes to assess the suitability of an instrument to fulfil a particular cover measurement requirement.


Under the socialist market economy, the assertions like the nationalization of the agricultural land, or the privatization, get nowhere. It is a relatively realistic approach to stick to and perfect the system of the agricultural land ownership.


This study aims to determine (1). Effect of investment knowledge on the intention to invest in the Islamic capital market (2). Effect of socialization on the intention to invest in the Islamic capital market, and (3) Effect of knowledge and socialization on the intention to invest in the Islamic capital market. The object of this research is the millennial community of Banten Province, with a total population of 3.345 million and a sample of 77 millennials. The research method used is a quantitative-descriptive method. Data collection techniques using a questionnaire. The data were analyzed using multiple linear regression method through SPSS version 23 program. The results of this study indicate that (1). Knowledge has a significant positive effect on the intention to invest in the Islamic capital market, this result is based on the t-value of the investment knowledge variable which is greater than the t-table value (5.501>1.668) and the significance value is smaller than the alpha value (0.000<0.05). (2). Socialization has a significant positive effect on the intention to invest in the Islamic capital market, this result is based on the t-value of the investment socialization variable which is greater than the t-table value (7.040>1.668) and the significance value is smaller than the alpha value (0.000<0.05), and (3 ) Knowledge and socialization have a significant positive effect on the intention to invest in the Islamic capital market, this conclusion is based on the calculated F value is greater than F table (62.204>3.14) and the significance value is smaller than the alpha value (0.000<0.05). The total influence of knowledge and socialization on the intention to invest in the Islamic capital market is 61.7 percent, while the remaining 38.3 percent is influenced by other variables not examined in this study.


Type-B InP∕GaInP quantum dots are expected to exhibit a type-II electronic structure. Evidence for this is provided by the variation in decay time of the ensemble as a function of excitation power density. Photon correlation measurements were subsequently performed on a single type-B InP∕GaInP quantum dot using a Hanbury-Brown and Twiss setup [Nature 178, 1447 (1956)]. Autocorrelation measurements were carried out under both continuous-wave and pulsed excitation conditions with single-photon emission observed in each case. The continuous-wave measurements display a pronounced antibunching dip at zero time delay while pulsed measurements enable the triggered generation of single photons on demand at a wavelength of approximately 750 nm.


The mainstream paradigm of understanding grass-root environmentalism in India as "environmentalism of the poor" might be challenged by an alternative prototype forest movement in the Bengal Dooars prior to the Chipko movement. It was fought against the exploitative design of ecosystem governance under the taungya method of artificial regeneration as invented by colonial foresters during the British rule. The movement is historic and mostly relevant in its radical gesture against ecological exploitation through inclusive technique of community involvement in the top-down management of forest resources. The Chipko movement is commonly appreciated as the starting point of the environmental movement in postcolonial India. Ranged between 1973 and 1980, it initially started against the "blatant injustice" of allotment of ash trees for commercial purpose by the forest department instead of providing these to the peasants for making their agricultural implements. The resistance later turned its attention to wider environmental concerns like protection and management of forests by the communities against commercial forestry and recourse to environmentally and socially just "alternative technologies" against industrial-urban orientation of the modern development process (Guha 1989: 152-84). The movement gave impetus to a series of popular protests throughout the country around ecological issues and inspired the intellectuals and academics to conceptualise Indian environmentalism as the "environmentalism of the poor" which refers to the struggle of the local communities against "partial or total dispossession" from their resource base by the commercial-industrial interests while their "own patterns of utilisation were (and are) less destructive of the environment" (Guha and Martinez-Alier 2000: 5). While not underestimating the practical and theoretical contribution of Chipko, its conventional position as the pioneer environmental movement might be challenged by a historical movement of the forest villagers in Dooars of North Bengal. The movement started in 1967 and unlike Chipko it was not a result of "ecological distribution conflicts" but emanated from the exploitative design of natural resource governance through co-option of the forest dwellers. It was indebted to the radical peasants and workers' movement in Bengal and was essentially inspired by Subhash Chandra Bose's ideals, techniques and nationalist spirit of struggle. The movement is mostly relevant in its focus against ecological exploitation while going beyond the paradigm of distributive justice and principle of recognition, particularly when newer inclusive techniques of ecological exploitation through collaboration or cooperation of the ecosystem people are being employed in the management of forest resources.


. In the present paper, we first investigate a new locally constrained mean curvature flow (1.9) for starshaped hypersurfaces in hyperbolic space H n +1 and prove its longtime existence, exponential convergence. As an application, we establish a new sharp Michael-Simon inequality for mean curvature in H n +1 M starshaped f is a positive smooth function, where λ ′ ( r ) = cosh r . In the second part of this paper, we use a locally constrained inverse curvature flow (1.11) in H n +1 , which was introduced by Scheuer and Xia [30] to establish a new sharp Michael-Simon inequality for k -th mean curvatures of starshaped and strictly k -convex hypersurface M Ω is the domain enclosed by M , p n − k +1 ( r ), λ ( r ) = sinh r , h 0 ( r ) = W λ ′ 0 ( B n +1 r ),the weighted enclosed volume for a geodesic sphere ball of radius r , and h − 1 0 is the inverse function of h 0 .


Lake Baikal in Siberia is one of the most interesting lakes in the world. It is the world's largest reservoir of fresh surface water and home to several hundred endemic species. At the same time it harboured the first underwater neutrino telescope NT200, now followed by its successor Baikal-GVD, a cubic-kilometre scale neutrino telescope. Within the Baikal Neutrino project a number of methods and instruments have been designed to study various processes in the Baikal ecosystem. Hundreds of optical, acoustic and other sensors allow for long-term 3D monitoring of water parameters like temperature, inherent optical properties or the intensity of water luminescence, as well as processes like sedimentation or deep water renewal. Here we present selected results of the interdisciplinary environmental studies.


Skin cancers are the most common form of malignant disease in white populations worldwide. Although the incidence of cutaneous malignant melanoma is relatively low ([Box 1][1]), almost 15% of cases are fatal. Squamous cell carcinoma and basal cell carcinoma, the 2 most common forms of nonmelanoma


In most softening processes calcium is precipitated as calcium carbonate. As precipitation agent milk of lime is most commonly used. The most important mechanisms are the crystallization of calcium carbonate and the dissolution of milk of lime. It is shown that the effect of inhibitors of the crystallization depends on their concentration, the surface area of calcium carbonate as well as the extend of oversaturation with respect to calcium carbonate. Milk of lime particles represent crystallization seeds for calcium carbonate. Thus milk of lime particles promote the formation of suspended solids, that are carried out of the reactor (carry over).


Contents: PART 1 INTRODUCTION 1. SWFs and State Investments: A Preliminary General Overview Massimiliano Castelli and Fabio Scacciavillani PART II - SWFS AND OTHER FORMS OF SOVEREIGN INVESTMENT 2. Sovereign Wealth Funds: A Definition and Classification Fabio Bassan 3. SWFs in Five Continents and Three Narratives: Similarities and Differences Larry Cata Backer PART III SWF AND INTERNATIONAL REGULATION 4. Santiago GAPPs and Code of Conducts: Limits and Chances of Negotiated Rules Locknie Hsu 5. Policy Frameworks for SWF Investments - OECD and Host Country Perspectives Kathryn Gordon and Joachim Pohl PART IV SWF AND REGULATION AT REGIONAL AND NATIONAL LEVEL 6. The Foreign Investment and National Security Act Of 2007: An Assessment of its Impact on Sovereign Wealth Funds and State - Owned Enterprises Paul Rose 7. The EU and Member States: FDI, Portfolio Investments, Golden Powers and SWFs Anna De Luca 8. SWFs and Taxation: National, Bilateral and Multilateral Approach Fabio Bassan PART V SWF INVESTMENT PROTECTION 9. SWF and State Immunity: Overcoming the Contradiction Giovanna Adinolfi 10. Sovereign Wealth Funds and Bilateral Investment Treaties' New Models: Issues, New Trends and State Practice Elizabeth Whitsitt and Todd J Weiler PART VI SWF'S RELEVANCE AND EFFECTS ON INTERNATIONAL INVESTMENTS 11. SWFs and Human Rights Protection Salar Ghahramani 12. SWFs and Environmental Protection Francesco Munari 13. SWFs and Development Michele Vellano, Michele Vellano and Annamaria Viterbo 14. Social Investing without Legal Imprimatur: the Latent Possibilities for SWFs Benjamin J. Richardson and Angela Index


The bifurcation analysis of the K (m, n) equation, which serves as a generalized model for the Korteweg-de Vries equation describing the dynamics of shallow water waves on ocean beaches and lake shores, is carried out in this paper. The phase portraits are given and solitary wave solutions are obtained. Singular periodic wave solutions are also given in this work.


A new joint for pin support of steel structure with central pressure through the column(PSCPC)was designed in the exploration of making use of the space above subway.It has also revealed that the PSCPC has more profound advantages and values through various structural design.If the PSCPC is used to connect beam,truss and other bending elements with columns,bending moment will not occur in the connection and the pole will have a 360-degree constraint.So it provides a new technology for designing large span and excess large span buildings as well as high rise buildings.More important,in the process of advisory activities,the author finds the new joint of steel structure will have a great impetus to the innovations on construction technique and our own intellectual properties.The author would expect its further development in the future.


Tb/Fe and (Tb/Fe)/Si3N4 multilayer films with layers in the nanometric range have been prepared using a reactive diode rf sputtering system. Their structural and magneto‐optical properties have been investigated to determine the stack parameters, the crystallization states, the direction of easy magnetization, and the Kerr angle values. The multilayer structure can be observed even when terbium layers are about 0.2 nm thick. Iron crystallization appears to depend on the terbium layer thickness. For Tb layer thicknesses greater than 0.37 nm, iron is amorphous when thinner than 3 nm. It spontaneously crystallizes when the layer becomes thicker. When Tb layer thickness is smaller than 0.37 nm, Fe crystallization is always detected: It occurs in the whole stack through the incomplete Tb layers. Kerr rotation measurements show a magnetic anisotropy depending on the Tb/Fe thickness ratio. Indeed, the direction of easy magnetization was found to be in the plane of the samples for ratio values of about 0.23 and 1...


Submitted for the MAR10 Meeting of The American Physical Society Efficient spin filter utilizing antidot potential in semiconductor heterostructures TOMOHIRO YOKOYAMA, MIKIO ETO, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University — We propose a highly efficient spin filter using artificial potential created by an antidot gate-electrode, STM tip, etc., in semiconductor heterostructures in the presence of spin-orbit interaction. The strength of such a potential is electrically tunable and it can be attractive as well as repulsive. In our previous paper,1 we formulated the spin Hall effect due to the scattering by the potential in terms of phase shifts and showed that it is extremely enhanced by the resonant scattering when an attractive potential is properly tuned. In the present study, we examine threeand four-terminal devices including an artificial potential as a spin filter. We numerically evaluate the spin polarization of the output current when an unpolarized current is injected from a terminal. With an axially symmetric potential, we observe the spin polarization of more than 50%.2 Although the polarization is smaller when the axial symmetry is broken, we find that realistic devices could work well as an efficient spin filter.3 1M. Eto and T. Yokoyama, J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 78, 073710 (2009). 2T. Yokoyama and M. Eto, Phys. Rev. B 80, 125311 (2009). 3T. Yokoyama and M. Eto, Physica E, in press. Tomohiro Yokoyama Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University Date submitted: 24 Dec 2009 Electronic form version 1.4


The dynamical characteristics of the super-harmonic resonance of van der Pol oscillator with fractional-order derivative are studied. At first the approximately analytical solution are obtained by the averaging method, and the definitions of equivalent linear damping and equivalent linear stiffness for super-harmonic resonance are established. The effects of the fractional-order parameters on the dynamical characteristics of system are also studied through the equivalent linear damping and equivalent linear stiffness. Moreover, the amplitude-frequency equation and the stability condition for the steady-state solution are analytically presented, and the definitions of equivalent nonlinear damping coefficient and nonlinear stability condition parameter are also established. At last, the comparisons of the fractional-order and the traditional integer-order van der Pol oscillator are fulfilled by the numerical simulation. The effects of the parameters in fractional-order derivative on the steady-state amplitude, the amplitude-frequency curves and the system stability are also analyzed.


Given that all design is narrative in some way, this paper describes a toolkit to help designers and design students to identify, analyse, articulate and manipulate the narrative elements that are present within design work. It is significant for designers to be able to talk about the narrative within design artefacts, looking at the narrative inherent in the design process or in the user experience of that artefact can help to articulate what a design is about and plan for how it can be interpreted. Narrative is not an easy concept to define; studied by different fields, it is defined differently by each narratology school. This toolkit provides a language for designers to articulate how narratives work within design. The toolkit is tested as both an analytical and generative tool with groups of design students. This paper presents examples of the resulting work and the results of the toolkit testing.


The Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander population of Australia have a long history of social disadvantage, which is reflected in significant increases in mortality and morbidity for both physical and mental illness compared with the rest of the Australian population. Aboriginal health workers have been part of the management of indigenous health issues in Australia since the 1970s and currently, there are increasing numbers of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander mental health workers involved in the treatment of indigenous clients suffering from mental illness. The health workers are often handicapped by a lack of recognition of the quality of their work in association with low status and poor work conditions. The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists has produced a statement of support for the health workers as a contribution to the national debate in Australia regarding the valuable role that the health workers play in the management of indigenous mental health.


George Brown College (GBC) completed major renovations of the Simulated Practice Centre (SPC), formerly the Nursing Resource Centre (NRC) at the St. James Campus and purchased new simulation equipment with funds provided by the Ontario Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care. It is paramount that an e ective SPC Program be in place in order to support good learning outcomes for nursing students as well as those in interprofessional and post-licensure programs. Many institutions have little guidance in the process of developing an e ective SPC program and are left to guess through trial and error1. The NRC was previously operated by one full time nursing faculty and three sessional nursing faculties and was utilized mainly by nursing students from the Bachelor of Nursing (BScN) and Practical Nursing (PN) programs from 2004 to 2007. With the previous NRC Program model there were many challenges, such as meeting the educational needs of the student population. Presently, the SPC Program model has changed. There are now two nursing faculties and one technologist supporting the SPC program.


An efficient value for games with a priori unions based on the consensus value (the two-step consensus value) is studied. Unlike the Owentype values it reflects a solidarity principle for union members and differs from the two-step Shapley value that a null player belonging to a dummy coalition can be assigned a positive payoff. The axiomatizations of the two-step consensus value that are comparable with axiomatizations of the two-step Shapley value are provided. Mathematics Subject Classification: 91A12


We analyzed data collected from retail investors in the Chinese stock market from a Fintech mobile platform to find evidence of the self-fulfilling prophecy effect. We found a statistically significant correlation between the predicted and actual Shanghai Stock Exchange Composite Index (SSECI) as well as non-random deviation patterns. We also analyzed participating investor behaviors and discussed the implications and future research.


The 1st El Tor cholera epidemic and the largest cholera epidemic in Dacca history occurred in 1974 with the 2nd largest occurring the following year. The 1974 epidemic occurred about 6 weeks earlier than the usual postmonsoon epidemics. During this epidemic the Cholera Research Laboratory (the principal center for treatment of all diarrhea in Dacca) interviewed 203 hospitalized cases and their families together with a control group of nonpatients. During the 1975 epidemic another 168 cases and control were interviewed. Data were collected on family size water sources sanitary facilities history of eating outside the home duration of residence in Dacca effect of the flooding (1974) monthly income history of diarrhea during the 5 days previous to admission and other medical aids tried. Uniform distribution of cholera cases was observed as opposed to clustering noted by other workers. The elegant areas of the city were spared but the low economic areas were affected in both years. Children below 10 were the most common victims as in classical cholera. Overall male/female rates were the same although women between 15 and 39 had twice the rates as men. (The overall rates per 1000 were 1.73 and 1.37.) Both the cases and the control were affected by the flooding. Duration of residence did not appear to be relevant. The rate of cholera where there was some arrangement of water and waste disposal was much lower than where there were no facilities (1.61 as opposed to 4.29 per 1000). One days antibiotic and disinfection treatment in cholera-infected families reduced the number of hospitalized cases from those families. Eating outside the home increased the cholera risk. (Authors modified)


Removing the student bursary from next year is sending nursing into 'uncharted territory', England's chief nursing officer (CNO) Jane Cummings said.


The study of thermal status in man during physical activity in hot environment is actual task as the metabolic heat rate increases essentially and it appears danger of hyperthermia. Modeling is the scientific method that allows to get preliminary answer and to avoid health hazard. The purpose of this paper is to develop and to test new mathematical model for prediction of temperature dynamics of man during human performance in hot environment. It focuses on combined challenge of physical activity and hot environment. The new model takes into consideration exercise intensity and exposure time, environmental characteristics - air temperature, relative humidity and wind velocity. The model represents thermoregulatory responses to exercise and hot environment: vasodilatation of skin to transfer metabolic heat from core to surface and sweating to dissipate heat through sweat evaporation in environment. The model takes into account heat production, heat transfer and heat exchange with environment. The model provides opportunity to obtain recommendations and conclusions on the danger to continue performance in given environment.


Batek typically sleep on mats woven from pandanus leaves, using a cotton sarong for a blanket. This woman is weaving a sleeping mat while her baby clings to her.


This paper presents the results of detailed numerical studies of the properties of ion beams generated by a laser from targets with various atomic numbers under conditions relevant for ion fast ignition (IFI) of inertial fusion. The interaction of a 200 kJ 1 ps infrared (1.05 μm) laser with Li, C, Al, Ti, Cu and CH2 flat targets with the same areal mass density was numerically simulated using an advanced 2D3V particle-in-cell code. For each target, a set of ion beam characteristics important for IFI was determined. A detailed quantitative comparison of the IFI-relevant parameters of Li, C, Al, Ti and Cu ion beams and the proton beam (from the CH2 target) was made. The laser-accelerated Cu ion beam was found to achieve significantly higher values of beam intensity, fluence and 'useful' energy (for IFI), having a smaller angular divergence and a narrower energy spectrum than the beam of light ions or protons. Thus, it is shown for the first time that laser-accelerated heavy ion beams can achieve IFI-relevant parameters higher than light ion or proton beams and can potentially meet IFI requirements.