Canadian research showing the agronomic benefit of superior strains of Rhizobium leguminosarum for lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) and field pea (Pisum sativum L.) and Canadian legislated standards (The Fertilizers Act) for quality control of legume inoculants has encouraged the inoculant industry to produce high quality legume inoculants in both the USA and Canada. As a result, proper inoculation of lentil and field pea under conditions of low (< 30 Ib nitrate-N/acre) soil-available N now can predictably result in seed yield increases ol approximately 200 Ib/acre for lentil and 400 Ib/acre for field peas in Idaho and western Canada. This represents a return on investment for inoculation of approximately $17 (lentil) and $27 (pea)/acre at current market prices [...]


This article concerns significant, current problem of scientific activity, referring at the same time to a series of articles regarding publications and international scientific cooperation published in the last issue of "Annual Center Review".


Microscale (MEMS) gas sensing devices for power plant and automobile exhaust gas are being developed. Bulk BaZrO 3 has been previously found to be sensitive to H2O at high temperatures, but was never studied in a thin film form. This research thrust focuses on undoped BaZrO 3 and doped BaZrO 3 with Y. Thin films were deposited on oxidized n-type silicon substrates at room temperature from ceramic targets with an Ar sputtering ambient. Various deposition pressures and deposition powers were used for the initial investigation. The structural and electrical properties of the deposited films were characterized to investigate their relationships to the deposition process parameters. X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to measure the crystal structure of the deposited films, and in particular was used to determine if any crystallographic texture is present in the films. XRD results indicate the as-deposited films are amorphous before annealing. Films sputtered with and without oxygen in the ambient were compared. The crystal structure and morphology of BaZrO 3 and BaZrO 3 doped with Y after annealing were also determined. The materials changed from amorphous to crystalline after annealing at temperatures of 800 °C and 1000 °C for 3 hours in forming gas (2% H 2 balanced with Ar gas) and oxygen. Temperature was found to dominate over deposition conditions in determining the final film structure. Atomic force microscopy was used to examine the morphology of the thin films. Gas sensor test structures using a Pt thin film metallization for interdigitated electrode structures were fabricated for gas sensing measurements. The experiments with the completed test structures measured the materialsi¦ resistivity as a function of temperature and gas concentration. Both materials decrease in resistance with increasing temperature, which is consistent with ionic conduction. Some experiments tested the gas sensitivity and selectivity of the films to the target gas H 2 O vapor (humidity) and possible cross sensitive gases H 2 and CO 2 . Both materials need further development to evaluate their suitability for thin film sensors. First, the films were found to be highly resistive, making characterization of the electrical properties very difficult. Second, O 2 ambient annealing gas will be applied to compare the crystal structure and morphology of both films with an Ar ambient annealing process.


Materials with large photo-thermal energy conversion efficiency are essential for renewable energy applications. Photo-excitation is an effective approach to generate controlled and localized heat at relatively low excitation optical powers. However, lateral heat diffusion to the surrounding illuminated areas accompanied by low photo-thermal energy conversion efficiency remains a challenge for metallic surfaces. Surface nanoengineering has proven to be a successful approach to further absorption and heat generation. Here, we show that pronounced spatial heat localization and high temperatures can be achieved with arrays of amorphous metallic glass nanorods under infrared optical illumination. Thermography measurements revealed marked temperature contrast between illuminated and non-illuminated areas even under low optical power excitation conditions. This attribute allowed for generating legible photo-induced thermal patterns on textured metallic glass surfaces.


Considering damping and complicated boundary conditions for the valve support movement,the dynamic equation of the valve vibration of engine is found.The movement of end of the valve is fit via Fourier series by using the cam cures or the measure data so as to analyses simple harmonic motion of the valve.In the case of small damping,the approximate solution of valve vibration is obtained by the perturbation method.Using this method,under the circumstances of small damping,the first approximation can achieve the good result with precision of common engineering requirements.This work supplies a convenient and practical method for engineering calculation.


In this paper, a novel sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM) strategy with simple implementation is proposed for an open-winding machine fed by isolated DC-bus dual two-level three-phase inverters to reduce PWM switching frequency and current harmonics. A novel zero sequence voltage injection method is injected to the reference voltage of dual inverters in this strategy to reduce current harmonics and improve the voltage utilization of SPWM strategy. Moreover, an unbalance reference voltage distribution method is applied to generate different reference voltages for two inverters. In the proposed strategy, only three of six legs of dual inverters are switched in a PWM cycle, and thus the switching frequency is halved, while the current harmonic characteristic can be improved, compared with the conventional SPWM strategy. The superiority of the proposed SPWM strategy is validated by simulation and experiment results.


This Research background is the lower quality of Social Study to comprehend blind map of Central Java Province. It's caused by predominate teacher in the class; way of teacher submit separated items; lack of managing class; and lack of giving reinforcement to student. The impact which emerge ability of student does not expand, student quickly go against the stomach, and not enthusiastic in learning in Social Studies. This condition is still happened in class of IV Ngijo 01 elementary school, District of Gunungpati, Semarang. Target of this research are (1) To describe the improvement of teacher skill in comprehend blind map of Central Java Province; (2) To describe the improvement of student activities of Grade IV Ngijo 01 elementary school, District of Gunungpati, Semarang, in comprehending blind map of Central Java Province; (3) To improve student result learn of grade IV Ngijo 01 elementary school, District of Gunungpati, Semarang, in comprehending blind map of Central Java Province. The researcher uses a collecting data technique, that is observation, test, documentation, enquette, interview, and field note. The subject of the research are 29 students and teacher of grade IV. From the research which have been done, hence, there is an improvement of teacher skill value, the following: amount of cycle score of I is 20 with value of B, cycle of II is 25 with value of A, and cycle of III is 29 with value A. While, the improvement of student activities, the following: cycle score mean of I is 10,25 with value of C, cycle of II is 14 with value of B, and cycle of III is 16,8 with value of A. Result learn to mount, from cycle of I equal to 41%, cycle of II equal to 86%, and cycle of III equal to 90%. The conclusion of this research are (1) improvement of teacher skill in comprehend blind map of Central Java Province  by webbed model (2) the improvement of student activities of Grade IV Ngijo 01 elementary school, District of Gunungpati, Semarang, in comprehending blind map of Central Java Province by webbed model (3) the improvement of student result learn, in comprehending blind map of Central Java Province by webbed model. Researcher suggest the teacher to change the paradigm that webbed model just for applied in low class, because webbed model also can improve the quality of Social study in high class in comprehending blind map of Central Java Province. Key words: social study, webbed model, integrated learning


The use of third-party data is becoming an increasingly important part of archaeological research but there has been little critical analysis of such data sets, or their use. This paper highlights both the challenges and benefits of third-party data through discussion of the experiences of the UK's Arts and Humanities Research Council-funded project Viking and Anglo-Saxon Landscape and Economy. It shows that the background organisation and intended audience of third-party data set can greatly affect how the data is collated and presented, and the enhancement of such resources for particular research aims may be labour intensive and time consuming, and should not be underestimated. However, it is argued that the usefulness of third-party data sets outweighs any potential problems which may be encountered, but that there needs to be recognition of these challenges and appropriate training provided for future archaeologists.


Since 1999 the contraceptive prevalence rate (CPR) for modern methods in Nigeria has stalled at 8-10%. Maternal neonatal and child health indices remain abysmally low with maternal and infant mortality ratios of 545/100000 and 89/1000 live births respectively. This is a result of multiple contributing factors such as lack of availability and access to long-acting contraceptive commodities as well as a dearth of skilled service providers that can provide a wide range of methods to satisfy every woman's needs. Currently attention is being given to increased funding and commitment for family planning and reproductive health services including the deployment of new technologies in developing countries to mitigate the problem of unmet need for contraception and to improve maternal and child health. In line with this trend the Council is conducting a three-year acceptability study of the progesterone vaginal ring (PVR) in three sub-Saharan African Countries-Nigeria Senegal and Kenya. The Council research teams conducted assessments to map out the current family planning programs and contraceptive technologies landscape to identify national priorities evaluate stakeholder interest in the PVR and devise appropriate pre-introductory activities. In Nigeria the research team utilized three approaches to develop this country-specific report: review of available data; desk review of documents project reports and policy guidelines; and key informant interviews. The interviews were held with government officials regulatory and development agencies social marketing organizations research institutions advocacy groups manufacturers and distributors policymakers and other members of the community. This report lays out Nigeria's demographics and high fertility rates describes the family planning program and policy context and finally reveals the stakeholder support thus far with a discussion on how best to proceed with introduction activities. This country mapping confirms the likelihood that the PVR would be well received in Nigeria and fill a large need in family planning. The PVR is a safe long-acting user-controlled product that can be easily inserted and removed by the woman herself with minimal coaching; this is especially appropriate for women in the North who frequent healthcare facilities sparingly due to an aversion to male healthcare providers need for permission from male partners to visit health facilities poverty and a lack of skilled health personnel. The quick return to fertility after discontinuation of use makes the PVR a promising prospect for expanding contraceptive choice for women in Nigeria. All of these characteristics make the PVR a highly desirable addition to the current contraceptive method mix in Nigeria. (excerpt)


The energies of the steps formed by (a/2) ⟨110⟩ dislocations on the three low index surfaces of silver and aluminium have been computed using many-body potentials. The 'tension' step is found to have an energy larger than the 'compression' step of the same atomic configuration and the energy difference is equal to the surface energy per atomic area. More generally, the energy difference between two glide steps having the same atomic configuration is simply the surface energy associated with the difference in length scale of the surfaces of two samples containing the steps. It follows that an intrinsic energy characteristic of the atomic configuration, independent of the mode of creation of the step, can be defined. Finally, the concept of intrinsic energy is discussed for growth steps and other steps formed by diffusion.


Abstract The deformation and fracture of Zircaloy-4 and pure zirconium sheets having strong (0002) textures were studied under plane-strain compression at temperatures from 20° to 800°C. Zircaloy-4 underwent a ductility transition from limited strain (0.1 to 0.3) to extensive fracture-free flow (> 0.6) at about 300°C; pure zirconium was ductile at all temperatures. These differences were traced to others in deformation mechanisms. Below 300°C, Zircaloy-4 accommodated compression along [0001] by 〈c + a〉 slip; these dislocations were mainly confmed to thin bands oriented close to {1124}. In pure zirconium {1122} twinning followed by second- and third-order retwinning tended to distribute strain more uniformly. Above 300°C both materials deformed by a combination of {1011} twinning and 〈c + a〉 slip.Fracturing in Zircaloy-4 was by highly localized shear along thin bands of {1124} orientation. From an analysis based on measured strain-hardening behaviour and standard heat flow equations, it is suggested that l...


Contents: Kira Kosnick: Introduction: New (Post-)Migrant Socialities - Ethnic Club Cultures in Urban Europe - Harpreet Kaur Cholia: "Moving on up?" Navigating Through Urban Nightlife as a "Racialised" Body: The Case of the Young British Asian in London - Sabina Rossignoli: Appropriating the banlieue through Leisure. The Social and Spatial Dimensions of French Caribbean Clubbing in Paris - Vanessa Thompson: On the Move! The Rise of a Black LGBT*Q Clubbing Scene in Paris and Negotiations within the Coloniality of the City - Heidi Hoefinger: "It's All Ours": Race, Space and Place in the LGBTQ British-"Asian" Dance Club Scene in London.


Static analysis tools are useful to find potential bugs and security vulnerabilities in a source code, however, false alarms from such tools lower their usability. In order to reduce various kinds of false alarms and enhance the performance of the tools, we propose a machine learning based false alarm reduction method. Abstract syntax trees (AST) are used to represent structural characteristics and support vector machine (SVM) is used to learn models and classify new alarms using probability. This probability is used to remove false alarms. To evaluate the proposed method, we performed experiments using a static analysis tool, SPARROW, and Java open source projects. As a result, 37.33% of false alarms were reduced, with only removing 3.16% of true alarms.


The high-energy factorization of gauge theory scattering amplitudes in terms of universal impact factors and a Reggeized exchange in the t-channel, corresponding to a Regge pole in the angular momentum plane, is know to conflict with the structure of soft anomalous dimensions starting at the two-loop level. We explore the implications of this violation of factorization for two- and three-loop QCD amplitudes: first we propose criteria to organize the amplitudes into factorizing and non-factorizing terms, then we test them by recovering a known result for non-logarithmic terms at two loops. Finally we predict the precise value of the leading non-factorizing energy logarithms at three loops, and we uncover a set of all-order identities constraining infrared finite terms in quark and gluon amplitudes.


Presently the urban point-source pollution of domestic sewage in China has been controlled primarily.It is now urgent to construct systems to treat demestic sewage in rural areas for improving the condition of dringking water for the rural population.In this paper,the sewage treatment for rural areas including sewage collection,popular treating processes and sludge disposal were introduced.Their advantages and shortages were discussed,and then feasible ecological patterns to treat rural domestic sewage were proposed to provide referances for the planning and construction of rural sewage treatment systems.


Two patients with aplastic anemia (one of them suffering from familial Fanconi anemia) are presented, in whom treatment with anabolic steroids and corticosteroids resulted in marked improvement. Our limited experience indicates that methan‐drostenolone produces much fewer side effects and may be as effective as testosterone in this condition.


This paper presents a finite element analysis on two reinforced concrete beams, extracted from an important building of the '30s in Rome, strengthened in shear with C-FRP and subjected to the simultaneous occurrence of a negative bending moment and shear stresses. The commercial program ATENA was used to perform numerical simulations of the tests. The numerical results seem to be in good agreement with the experimental data in terms of load–displacement response, strain state, crack pattern and failure mode.


Trinidad asphalt has recently been used as an additive in bituminous mixtures for airport pavements (parking areas at the head of the runway at Munich and Bremen airports, Germany). A section of the Rome outer ring road which carries intense traffic containing a high percentage of heavy vehicles, has also been experimentally paved with this type of mixture. In comparison with conventional mixtures, results have shown an appreciable improvement in mechanical characteristics (stability and resistance to wear), and in resistance to the aggressive action of aircraft fuels. The mixes containing Trinidad asphalt maintain their stability and viscosity through temperature variations, and provide good skid resistance. This article gives an indication of the optimum percentages of Trinidad asphalt to be used, as obtained from the results of laboratory tests. /TRRL/


We investigate a data set describing the quality of a production process. By the information of these data it has to be decided whether the quality is constant or whether the quality changes. Our null hypothesis is that the quality is constant that is a linear regression. In practice it is popular to investigate the partial sums of the least squares residuals to look for changes in linear regression. The partial sums of the least squares residuals can be embedded into the class of continuous functions. By this procedure we obtain a stochastic process with continuous paths. It is called residual partial sum process. If the number of observations is large enough a projection of the Brownian motion can be considered as approximation (with respect to weak convergence) of the residual partial sum process. This projection of the Brownian motion can be used to establish non-parametric tests of Cramer-von Mises and Kolmogorov–Smirnov type to test for changes in linear regression. We use this procedure to test the data for constant quality.


The title compound, C14H10ClFO2, was obtained in a search for new fluorine-containing compounds with improved biological activity. In the molecule, the two benzene rings make a dihedral angle of 67.45 (5) . The crystal packing exhibits weak intermolecular C—H Cl hydrogen bonds and – interactions between the aromatic rings of neighbouring molecules [centroid-to-centroid distance of 3.669 (6) Å; symmetry code: x; yþ 1; zþ 1].


The general character of the Middle Assyrian glyptic is well understood from the seal-impressions on the archives from Assur, Fakhariyah and Rimah. As a result of the work of Saporetti (1979) there is now a better dating of the Assyrian tablets than was available to the pioneers. Mayer-Opificius (1986) made useful progress on the chronology of the thirteenth century designs, and this has been further elaborated by the present writer (1990). There is at present no good evidence for geographical variations in the Assyrian seals, despite the wide spread of the material. This is in contrast to the chronological situation. The criteria for the thirteenth century are summarised here, but it is unnecessary to repeat the detailed arguments justifying them which are given in my former work. The thirteenth century is divided into three phases corresponding to the reigns of Adad-nirari I (1307–1275 B.C.), Shalmaneser I (1274–45 B.C.) and Tukulti-Ninurta I (1244–08 B.C.). This is partly for convenience and partly as a consequence of the form of Saporetti's book on the eponyms. When speaking of an "Adad-nirari" style I do not, therefore, mean to imply that such seals could not have been made in the adjacent reigns.


In this report, we look at a range of classes of reaction involving microwave heating and show how different processing techniques can be used to address scale-up needs. We look at both batch and continuous-flow processing. We have shown that when using batch methodologies working using an open reaction vessel offers operational advantages while still giving good yields of desired products. In cases where open-vessel conditions are not amenable or where particularly volatile or toxic reagents are used, parallel sealed vessels can offer an alternative approach. For continuous-flow processing, homogeneity of the reaction mixture is key. When the mixture is homogeneous, it is possible to move from small-scale sealed-vessel conditions to the continuous-flow apparatus without any modification of reaction conditions or loss in product yield. When either the starting materials or the product mixture contains particulate matter, continuous processing can prove a challenge, but reoptimization of reaction condition...


Orlando, Florida, November 28-December 2, 2017 and was hosted by the Association for Fire Ecology, in cooperation with the Southern Fire Exchange. Creation and implementation of the forest plantations fire risk SAFOR certification system, to improve insurability of small and medium companies (SMEs) Verónica Loewe, Chilean Forest Institute (INFOR), email@example.com Juan Miguel Ruiz, FORESTSUR Dante Corti, Chilean Forest Institute (INFOR)


Service charges: Tenants seek transparency in service charge accounts, but those in the commercial sector look in vain. Andrew Holt, Timothy Eccles and Kellie Bennett suggest how this can be rectified


Objective – The study aims to identify the difference of returns that occur on every trading day, to identify the occurrence of the phenomenon of the Day of the Week Effect; to identify the occurrence of Monday Effect on stock trading in the Indonesian Stock Exchange; and to identify the occurrence of Weekend Effect on the Indonesian Stock Exchange. Methodology/Technique – This study examines companies listed in the LQ 45 Index between January 2016 and December 2016. The results are tested using a comparative method. The sample used consists of 41 companies. The hypothesis was testing using a one-way ANOVA and independent sample t-test. Findings – The results show that there is a difference of stock return occuring on every trading, day indicating the occurrence of the day of the week effect phenomenon. Further, there was no Monday Effect phenomenon observed during the study period and there was no Weekend Effect Phenomenon observed during the study period. Novelty – Based on the results, it can be concluded that the phenomenon of the Day of the Week Effect occurred between January 2016 and December 2016, while the phenomenon of Monday Effect and Weekend Effect did not occur during the study period.


Growth of InGaAs/InP heterostructures on patterned (100) InP substrates by metalorganic vapor‐phase epitaxy (MOVPE) was investigated. Anisotropic growth rates as obtained by measurements were exploited to precisely predict defined growth shapes. We present a model with a complete set of parameters to simulate the growth of In0.53Ga0.47As and InP by MOVPE. The model relies on a graphical construction procedure to determine the cross‐sectional structure of heterostructures on patterned substrates.


A method is proposed for producing a plastic containing a carbon nanotube polymer comprising the steps of: - filling of a polymerization reactor with at least one polyol and a diisocyanate for producing a prepolymer, - mixing the prepolymer with a chain extender for transferring the prepolymer into the polymer in liquid form, and - transfer or cooling of the polymer for forming the solidified plastic. Here, the carbon nanotubes before and / or added at the mixing of the prepolymer with the chain extender to the prepolymer and / or the polyol.


B.A. Uspenskij's theory that there was Church Slavonic-Russian diglossia in medieval Rus' has provoked a great deal of controversy in the last few years, stimulated in particular by the publication of his Istorija russkogo literaturnogo jazyka (XI-XVII w.) in 1987. 1 The diglossie approach, which has won its share of supporters as well as detractors, differs from previous, genetically oriented treatments of the early Russian linguistic situation in that it attempts to reconstruct the normative thought of medieval bookmen. By stressing the role of linguistic consciousness, the proponents of diglossia make explicit and important claims about the pragmatic aspects of language use in medieval Rus' in particular, about how writers perceived and utilized linguistic variation. In this article, I will be concerned chiefly with these pragmatic ramifications of Uspenskij's approach. I will begin by discussing the main points of the diglossie theory and will then examine certain aspects of it that seem to be in conflict with the observable characteristics of early Russian written sources.


The current reform in K-12 science education emphasizes the creation of curricula that are student-led, hands-on, and open-ended. This trend is based on current research examining the best practice in science learning and teaching. Computers are an important part of this change and the Internet adds a unique dimension to the possible ways that computers can be used as a learning tool. The Internet Plasma Physics Educational Experience (IPPEX) was created and modeled upon these principles to teach middle and high school students plasma physics and fusion energy. Sections include a virtual tokamak, analysis of data from the TFTR experimental, and "ask a scientist".


The aim of this paper is to determine which country-specific characteristics promote and which impede the adoption of institutions. On the basis of a broad panel of 183 countries for the period between 1996 and 2010, we test whether there are tendencies towards a general improvement and towards a convergence of institutional quality. Based on the hypothesis that younger countries tend to adopt the smoothly functioning institutions of older ones, we ana-lyze which of the younger countries have good institutions and why. Among other things, we found that older countries do have better institutions than younger ones, but it is questionable that there is a causal effect. Moreover, the results of our empirical investigation show that having been a UK colony or the degree of economic openness have no effect on the institu-tional quality; while on the other hand, religion, region and dependency on natural resources do indeed have such effects. In addition, the potential role of international organizations with regard to nation building and institutional transfer is discussed.


Interventional radiology training and assessment would benefit greatly from the introduction of simulation. Assessment methods should facilitate the highest standards of training and therefore must be chosen on the basis of evidence of impact on learning. A study of assessment in a training model shows the need for specialty specific metrics which were derived from a task analysis of interventional procedures.


Objective Intestinal bacteria of Aulacophoroides hoffmanni Takahashi were islated and identified in order to provide theoretical basis for exploring the relationship between intestinal bacteria and the physiological nutrition of Aulacophoroides hoffmanni Takahashi.Methods Biological characteristics of five strains of intestinal bacteria from Aulacophoroides hoffmanni Takahashi were studied systematically by traditional isolating and culturing methods.Then we designed universal primers for PCR amplification based on conserved region of bacterial 16S rDNA.The 16S rDNA sequences obtained were compared with the published sequences from United States NCBI Information Center database to analyse the species of the bacteria in clonal populations.Results The first,second and third strains belonged to Bacillus cereus,the fourth one belonged to Serratia bizio,and the fifth one belonged to Bacillus subtilis.Conclusion This study would provide a foundation for further rearches on the relationship between intestinal bacteria and the growth and development of Aulacophoroides hoffmanni Takahashi as well as for in-depth study of the strains.


Objective
to investigate the reasons of causing complications in patients with atrial fibrillation radiofrency ablation and to explore the related nursing countermeasures.

Methods
Since august 2014 to september 2016 our hospital 86 cases patients with atrial fibrillation radiofrency ablation were analyzed retrospectively. analyzed the reasons of causing pressure sores, pain, uroschesis, vagus reflex, cardiac tamponade and so on.Active related nursing strategy was adopted in order to reduce complications.

Results
20 patients had complications. 2 cases had pressure sores, 12 cases had pain, 3 cases had uroschesis, 2 cases had vagus reflex, 1 case had cardiac tamponade. all cases recovered by active treatment.

Conclusion
The occurring of complications should be carefully observed, related treated timely and nursing countermeasures which can prevent and reduce the occurring of complications effectively, ensure the radiofrequency ablation effectively.

Key words:
Atrial fibrillation; Radiofrequency ablation; Complication; Nurse


Background: High dose melphalan (HDMEL) is considered the standard conditioning regimen for autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) in multiple myeloma (MM) patients. Recent studies showed superiority of busulfan plus melphalan (BUMEL) compared to HDMEL as a conditioning regimen. We compared the efficacy of HDMEL and BUMEL in newly diagnosed Asian MM patients, who are often underrepresented. Methods: This is a single-center, retrospective study including MM patients who underwent ASCT after bortezomib-thalidomide-dexamethasone (VTD) triplet induction chemotherapy between January 2015 and August 2019. Result: In the end, 79 patients in the HDMEL group were compared to 31 patients in the BUMEL group. There were no differences between the two groups with regards to sex, age at ASCT, risk group, and stage. The HDMEL group showed better response to pre-transplant VTD compared to BUMEL, but after ASCT the BUMEL group showed better overall response. In terms of progression-free survival (PFS), although BUMEL showed trends towards better PFS regardless of pre-transplant status and age, the difference did not reach statistical significance. The BUMEL group more often experienced mucositis related to chemotherapy, but there was no difference between the two groups with regards to hospitalization days, cell engraftment, and infection rates. Conclusion: BUMEL conditioning deserves attention as the alternative option to HDMEL for newly diagnosed MM patients, even in the era of triplet induction chemotherapy. Specifically, patients achieving very good partial response (VGPR) or better response with triplet induction chemotherapy might benefit the most from BUMEL conditioning. Tailored conditioning regimen, based on patient's response to induction chemotherapy and co-morbidities, can lead to better treatment outcomes.


Plant pathogenic as well as saprotrophic Phytophthora species are now known to inhabit forest streams and other surface waters. How they survive and function in aquatic ecosystems, however, remains largely uninvestigated. Phytophthora ramorum, an invasive pathogen in California forests, regularly occurs in forest streams, where it can colonize green leaves shed in the stream but is quickly and largely succeeded by saprotrophically competent clade 6 Phytophthora species, such as Phytophthora gonapodyides. We investigated, using controlled environment experiments, whether leaf litter quality, based on senescence, affects how P. ramorum and P. gonapodyides compete in leaf colonization and to what extent each species can contribute to leaf decomposition. We found that both Phytophthora species effectively colonized and persisted on green or yellow (senescing) bay leaves, but only P. gonapodyides could also colonize and persist on brown (fully senesced and dried) leaves. Both Phytophthora species similarly accelerated the decomposition of green leaves and yellow leaves compared with non-inoculated controls, but colonization of brown leaves by P. gonapodyides did not affect their decomposition rate.


Figure 1. May was a month of contrasts with a variety of different weather types affecting the country. Early May was dominated by Atlantic depressions and westerly flow. This infra-red satellite image for 1056 UTC on the 4th (courtesy of the University of Dundee) shows a depression situated to the south of Iceland with cold frontal cold across Scotland and Ireland. A ridge of high pressure was lying across the southeast of the country leading to a big contrast in weather from northwest to southeast. Figure 2. The depression which followed the system shown in Figure 1 took a more southerly track towards Iberia as high pressure built over western Europe. This introduced a southeasterly flow across the country. This visible satellite image for 1053 UTC on the 9th (courtesy of the University of Dundee) shows the north and east of the country free from cloud. The easterly flow across the Scottish Highlands resulted in a Föhn effect on the Scottish west coast with temperatures of over 27°C reported on this day at several locations on that coast.


Recently, there is significant interest in using CA resists for electron beam (E-Beam) applications including mask making, direct write, and projection printing. CA resists provide superior lithographic performance in comparison to traditional non CA E-beam resists in particular high contrast, resolution, and sensitivity. However, most current CA resists exhibit very large sensitivity to PAB and/or PEB temperatures resulting in significant impact on CD control. In addition, image collapse issues associated with high aspect ratio patterning as well as electron scattering effects in low KeV tools necessitate thinner resists. Therefore, there is a need to have a high etch resistant resist system that can withstand the demanding chrome etch process. Previously, we reported on the KRS-XE resist which exhibits dry etch resistance surpassing the industry standard, novolak, in the chrome etch process. This new resist also exhibits excellent lithographic performance - 75 nm lines/space and 55nm/110 space/lines delineated and requires no PEB. This paper will highlight the lithographic and etch performance of this new resist.


Benzodiazepine‐ and alcohol‐induced ataxias in rodents have been proposed to be affected by the γ‐aminobutyric acid type A (GABAA) receptor α6 subunit, which contributes to receptors specifically expressed in cerebellar granule cells. We have studied an α6 –/– mouse line for motor performance and drug sensitivity. These mice, as a result of a specific genetic lesion, carry a precise impairment at their Golgi‐granule cell synapses. On motor performance tests (rotarod, horizontal wire, pole descending, staircase and swimming tests) there were no robust baseline differences in motor function or motor learning between α6 –/– and α6 +/+ mice. On the rotarod test, however, the mutant mice were significantly more impaired by diazepam (5–20 mg/kg, i.p.), when compared with α6 +/+ control and background C57BL/6J and 129/SvJ mouse lines. Ethanol (2.0–2.5 g/kg, i.p.) produced similar impairment in the α6 –/– and α6 +/+ mice. Diazepam‐induced ataxia in α6 –/– mice could be reversed by the benzodiazepine site antagonist flumazenil, indicating the involvement of the remaining α1β2/3γ2 GABAA receptors of the granule cells. The level of activity in this synapse is crucial in regulating the execution of motor tasks. We conclude that GABAA receptor α6 subunit‐dependent actions in the cerebellar cortex can be compensated by other receptor subtypes; but if not for the α6 subunit, patients on benzodiazepine medication would suffer considerably from ataxic side‐effects.


The runners-up for Science's Breakthrough of the Year are, in no particular order of merit, the first new great ape species discovered since 1929, a banner year for cryo–electron microscopy, a cultural change in communicating biology papers, an advance in editing DNA and RNA, the approval of a drug to treat any solid cancer that has a particular mutation, recovery of 2.7-million-year-old ice from Antarctica, the oldest Homo sapiens fossils found so far, a success in gene therapy, and the observation of coherent neutrino scattering using a portable detector.


Endoscopic transpapillary gallbladder drainage (ETGBD), including endoscopic nasogallbladder drainage (ENGBD) and endoscopic gallbladder stenting (EGBS), has been reported to be an effective treatment for acute cholecystitis. However, ETGBD is considered to be more difficult than percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder drainage (PTGBD), and few studies have evaluated the factors that affect technical success of the procedure. We investigated the factors predicting its technical success from among patient characteristics and image findings before treatment.


We show that option-implied jump tail risk estimated prior to earnings announcements strongly predicts post-earnings risk-adjusted abnormal stock returns. The predictive power of implied jump tail risk is particularly strong on extreme abnormal stock returns whose absolute values exceed 10%. The finding is robust to various event windows and after controlling for model-free implied moments of variance, skewness and kurtosis. We argue that the tail risk implied from options preceding earnings news releases reflects a sudden flood of information of informed traders and investors, and this results in the tail risk usefully predicting abnormal stock returns. Finally, we show that upside and downside tail risk contain distinctive predictive information, with upside (downside) tail risk strongly predicting positive (negative) abnormal stock returns.


Interaction engineering is fundamental for agent based systems. In this paper we will present a design pattern for the core of a multi-agent platform - the message communication and behavior activation mechanisms - using language features of C#. An agent platform is developed based on the pattern structure, which is legiti- mated through experiences of using JADE in real applications. Results of the communication model are compared against the popular JADE platform.


The intracellular free Ca~(2+) concentration([Ca~(2+)]_(1)) was measured in freshly dissociated neurons prepared from Sprague-Dawley rats using the fluorescent Ca~(2+) indicator Fura-2/AM. The resting [Ca~(2+)]_(1) of neurons in Ca~(2+)-containing solution was 119.4±9.1 nmol·L~(-1)(x±s,n=8). Veratridine (a Na~(+) channel blocker, 10~(-4)mol·L~(-1)markedly evoked[Ca~(2+)]_(1) of neurons(P<0.01, n=8)and this increase could be prevented or reversed by nimodipine known to block L-type voltagedependent Ca~(2+) channels. These results suggest that the rise of [Ca~(2+)]_(1) induced by veratridine is a L-type voltage-dependent Ca~(2+) channel-mediated response and nimodipine may indirectly prevent neurons from veratridine-induced neurotoxicity.


In the title N-substituted 1,2,4-diazaphosphole, C15H13N2P, the phenyl rings make dihedral angles of 29.8 (3) and 55.9 (3)° with the 1,2,4-diazaphosphole ring. In the crystal, no significant intermolecular interactions are present.


The article describes the goals, methods and results of the development of a neural network control module for the developed intelligent automated process control systems. The advantages of the developed module over classical PID controllers are presented.


In this work, both crystallographic texture and doping engineering strategies were integrated to develop relaxor-PbTiO3 (PT) based ternary ferroelectric ceramics with enhanced texture evolution and superior electromechanical properties. CuO-doped Pb(In1/2Nb1/2)O3-Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-PbTiO3 (PIN-PMN-PT) piezoelectric ceramics with [001]c texture fraction ≥97% were synthesized by templated grain growth. The addition of CuO significantly promotes densification and oriented grain growth in the templated ceramics, leading to full texture development at dramatically reduced times and temperatures. Moreover, the CuO dopant remarkably enhances the piezoelectric properties of the textured ceramics while maintaining high phase transition temperatures and large coercive fields. Doping 0.125 wt. % CuO yields the electromechanical properties of d33 = 927 pC/N, d33* = 1510 pm/V, g33 = 43.2 × 10−3 Vm/N, Kp = 0.87, Ec=8.8 kV/cm, and tan δ = 1.3%, which are the best values reported so far in PIN-PMN-PT based ceramics. The hi...


Half a century ago Brian Josephson made a series of striking predictions related to a tunnelling barrier sandwiched between two superconductors. One particular prediction, later became known as the a.c.-Josephson effect, said that under a finite d.c. bias the tunnelling current contains an a.c. supercurrent component, oscillating at microwave frequency. This prediction was experimentally verified through observation of the junction current-voltage characteristics modified by the interaction with the electromagnetic radiation, and direct detection of the microwave radiation emitted from the junction itself. It had also been established that the behaviour of the d.c. current-voltage characteristic is determined by the high-frequency dynamics of the Josephson junction, and can be used to study various systems such as atoms in the electron-spin resonance, optical phonons in high-Tc superconductors, and vibrating Nb molecules. Here we present an InAs nanowire Josephson junction device, where a vibrating nanowire weak link plays the role of a nanoelectromechanical resonator. The flow of the a.c.- Josephson current through the junction enabled actuation and detection of vibrational modes of the resonator by means of simple d.c. transport measurements.


Drug testing has become a significant part of community supervision. This article summarizes the results from a Jefferson County (Kentucky) program. During the program, the level of positive tests has continuously declined to a rate of 35%. Marijuana and cocaine were consistently the drug of choice for this population. Lower recidivism rates were recorded for offenders who completed the treatment offered by the Kentucky Substance Abuse Program, Inc. (KSAP).


In the public policy discourse about vouchers, many Catholic school advocates have been aligned with the new conservative critics of public schools. A review of the Dayton, Ohio, area Catholic schools reveals that need-based student subsidies, which are a variation on vouchers, might reverse the declining urban enrollment in Catholic schools and continue their tradition of educating poor and disadvantaged students. This brief overview of changes in Catholic schooling in Australia over the past 30 years identifies four key factors""the smooth transition from religious to lay staff, the reintroduction of government financial assistance, the development of strong Catholic Education offices, and the steady increase in enrollments""to explain the robust state of Catholic schooling in Australia. However, the case suggests that choice schemes can alter the educational aims of schools in unexpected ways.


The paper presents the architecture of a digital processor dedicated to execution of fuzzy inference. The paper presents the design of a VLSI architecture dedicated to execution of fuzzy inference. The execution speed is up to 16 MFLIPS for inferences with 128 rules with 4 linguistic variables, 11 MFLIPS with 8 linguistic variables. This level of performance is obtained by means of a method that reduces the number of rules to be processed. Moreover, rule processing is split into a sequence of pipeline stages which make it possible to process the active rules at each clock cycle and a certain degree of parallelism is introduced into these stages.


Objective: To explore the relationship between integrins α6,β4 and the process of the injury and repair of the myelin, their expressions in experimental allergic neuritis were analyzed. Methods: Experimental allergic neuritis (EAN) models were induced in Lewis rats. The expressions of integrins α6 and β4 and their receptor laminin, both in the acute phase and recovery phase of EANs, were analyzed by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry. Results: The expression of β4 decreased in the acute phase( P 0.05) and showed no significant changes in the recovery phase( P =0 6840). There were no significant changes of the expression of α6 and laminin both in the acute phase and recovery phase of EANs by immnohistochemistry (α6 P = 0.0751;laminin P =0.2047). The similar results were obtained by in situ hybridization (β4 in acute phase P 0.05;β4 in recovery phase P =0.823;α6 P = 0.81) . Conclusion: The expressions of integrins of Schwann cells were affected by inflammation injury, and their patterns of expression were similar to those of integrins α6, β1 and β4 during embryogenesis. It is inferred that integrin β4 and the reformation of myelin have a more imitate relationship. The expression changes of α6 and β4 correlate with the injury and repair of myelin during EAN.


Boussinesq convection in rotating systems attracts a sustained attention of the fluid dynamics community, because it has intricate non-linear dynamics (Cross & Hohenberg 1993) and plays an important role in geophysical and astrophysical applications, such as the motion of the liquid outer core of Earth, the Red Spot in Jupiter, the giant cells in the Sun etc. (Alridge et al. 1990). A fundamental distinction between the real geo- and astrophysical problems and the idealized laboratory studies is that natural systems are inhomogeneous (Alridge et al. 1990). Heterogeneities modulate the flow and influence significantly the dynamics of convective patterns (Alridge et al. 1990; Hide 1971). The effect of modulations on pattern formation and transition to turbulence in Boussinesq convection is far from being completely understood (Cross & Hohenberg 1993; Aranson & Kramer 2002). It is generally accepted that in the liquid outer core of the Earth the transport of the angular momentum and internal heat occurs via thermal Rossby waves (Zhang et al. 2001; Kuang & Bloxham 1999). These waves been visualized in laboratory experiments in rotating liquid-filled spheres and concentric spherical shells (Zhang et al. 2001; Kuang & Bloxham 1999). The basic dynamical features of Rossby waves have been reproduced in a cylindrical annulus, a system much simpler than the spherical ones (Busse & Or 1986; Or & Busse 1987). For convection in a cylindrical annulus, the fluid motion is two-dimensional, and gravity is replaced by a centrifugal force, (Busse & Or 1986; Or & Busse 1987). Hide (1971) has suggested that the momentum and heat transport in the core might be influenced significantly by so-called bumps, which are heterogeneities on the mantle-core boundary. To model the effect of surface topography on the transport of momentum and energy in the liquid outer core of the Earth, Bell & Soward (1996), Herrmann & Busse (1998) and Westerburg & Busse (2001) have studied the nonlinear dynamics of thermal Rossby waves in a cylindrical annulus with azimuthally modulated height.


In this paper, the H∞ Loop Shaping Control (HLSC) strategy was studied; a systematic approach for weight selection based on the sensitivity function was proposed and applied to a first-order time delay system, then compared to the Internal Model Control (IMC) approach. Two cases were proposed for time delay: upper or lower then system time constant. The synthesis was based on first and second order Padé approximation of delay and good results were given for both methods.


Abstract The effect of different commercially available marine fish diets on production characteristics and body composition of juvenile Cobia Rachycentron canadum reared in production-scale recirculating aquaculture systems was evaluated in a 57-d growth trial. Juvenile Cobia (mean weight ± SE, 26.7 ± 0.9 g) were stocked at an initial density of 1.2 kg/m3. After stocking, fish were fed one of three closed-formula diets formulated for carnivorous marine finfish (coded diet A, 50% crude protein : 22% crude lipid; diet B, 49% crude protein : 17% crude lipid; and diet C, 48% crude protein : 17% crude lipid), all at a targeted feed rate of 3–5% body weight per day. At 2-week intervals, 10% of the population of each tank was sampled to determine mean weight, weight gain, specific growth rate, feed conversion efficiency, and biomass. At the termination of the trial, the entire population of each tank was harvested to determine the same characteristics and survival. In addition, fish were sampled to determine re...


Now a days there is a tremendous change in the climatic conditions due to global warming and greenhouse gases results in the floods, draughts and famine. More usage of petrol & diesel in vehicles, leads to poisonous gases enters into atmosphere results in environment become hazardous. Carbon Dioxide is one of the major components of Greenhouse gases which results in greenhouse effect. More amount of Carbon Dioxide releases from burning of petroleum based products which are emitting from the Vehicles and Industries. For the control of the emission of the carbon dioxide into the atmosphere we have chosen for adsorption of Carbon Dioxide from the exhaust of the gasoline vehicles using Zeolite. The gasoline vehicle used for testing is following the EURO – V emission norms and the Carbon Dioxide content releasing from the vehicle is reduced by more than 25%.


Most research on lot sizing has been for the case of a manufacturing system. In this paper, analogous issues are studied for a distribution network. Specifically, we consider the choice of shipment quantities within distribution requirements planning (DRP). A simulation model of DRP in a multi-echelon, rolling-schedule environment is used to examine, in conditions of both certain and uncertain demand, the performance of five lot-sizing rules.

We conducted a full-factorial experiment in which four additional parameters were varied: distribution network structure (two options), demand distribution (three options), forecast error distribution (three options), and ordering cost (three values), as suggested by the consulting study which motivated our research.

We found that for DRP, contrary to the "shop floor" wisdom on MRP, the choice of lot-sizing method can be important. Generally the Silver-Meal and Bookbinder-Tan heuristics were significantly better than the other methods.


The system architecture we developed for semiautonomous space robots provides an interactive task planning and executing environment. An operator can issue object-level language commands. Low-level actions like path planning and sensor feedback are done automatically by the system. The environmental model used for task planning is managed and maintained even during masterslave operations, allowing cooperation between the robot's autonomous actions and master-slave operations. Interactive task planning environment was implemented and its validity was verified by performing an ORU (Orbital Replacement Unit) replacement task.


Trials often may report several similar outcomes measured on different test instruments. We explored a method for synthesising treatment effect information both within and between trials and for reporting treatment effects on a common scale as an alternative to standardisation


Sport is not without questions about its ideological value and as both a Study Group and a collection of articles we engage with, rather than avoid, such critiques. Indeed the critical study of sport has been persistently confronted with the need for theoretical exposition of its ideological properties and potential, particularly in relation to the delivery of resistance and social change. This is a task which has routinely required dialogue with a range of critical voices that have denied or rejected the possibility of effective contestation of dominant values in sport. Two criticisms were offered by Theodor Adorno (1982), who argued that sport is tied to 'instrumental reason', meaning that it serves a purpose of habituating those in sub-ordinate social positions to the demands of material life, namely that if the proletariat worked hard s/he will gain rewards (i.e. sports victories) and that it presents a dystopian reality in which actors in the same social class quite literally 'fight' amongst themselves rather than galvanising against hidden but powerful structural forces that create the conditions they endure. Similarly, Umberto Eco (1986: 172) asked if it was 'possible to have a revolution on a football Sunday?'; answering that he thought not – sport served little socio-political function other than distracting the masses. Meanwhile, Noam Chomsky (2004) was only marginally less scathing in making similar criticisms by stating that sport that represents the capacity of 'ordinary people, not professionals, ... [to apply] their intelligence and analytic skills [to] accumulate quite a lot of knowledge and, for all I know, understanding' and to question 'expert' opinion (p. 23). However because they are distracted by sport they do not think about politics, while when the same individuals (or others) talk about 'international affairs or domestic problems, it's at a level of superficiality that's beyond belief' (Chomsky 2004: 23). Most recently, arguments over the revolutionary potential of sport have been made in the context of the global sport mega event spectacle. Using the 1936 'Nazi' Olympic as an initial basis for his discussion, Marc Perelman (2012) makes much of the inherent links between political propaganda and sport, arguing that it has 'de-intellectualised' social actors and the societies they make up. In our Study Group and in this Special Section we seek to reverse this 'de-intellectualisation' by thinking more deeply about the inherent values and meanings of sport and connecting the analysis of sport to wider social and political concerns.


I read with great interest the recent article by Sinha et al.1 Interestingly, one rare condition that often mimics dyskeratosis congenita, and that needs to be distinguished from it, is Kindler Syndrome (KS). KS primarily occurs secondary to "loss of function" mutations in the FERMT1 gene. Mode of inheritance is autosomal recessive. Interestingly, FERMT1 gene mutations are absent in 30% of cases. The characteristic histological feature of KS is attenuated keratinocyte proliferation. Piccinni et al. in a recent study have shown that KS related deficiency of Kindlin-1 results in the premature senescence of the keratinocytes.2 Dermal as well as intraepidermal cleavage is seen on ultrastructural examination of the skin. The disease phenotype is characterized by an increased incidence of trauma induced acral blisters. The blisters typically start appearing during infancy. Premature aging and progressive bullous poikiloderma of the skin is another characteristic feature of KS.3 Hyperpigmentation as well as hypopigmentation may occur. Accompanying telangiectasiasis is seen. In addition, "cigarette paper" like atrophy is seen in most patients with KS.4 Increased photosensitivity is another typical feature of the syndrome. Nofal et al. have recently also reported webbing of the fingers in 60% of cases.5 Associated nail dystrophy is seen in three out of five patients with KS. "Owl-like" facies have been reported in 60% of cases. Gingival hypertrophy and ankyloglossia may also be seen. Leuko-keratosis of the lips is an additional common feature. Rarely, ocular lesions may be seen. For instance, Cheour et al. recently reported corneal deformities with accompanying bilateral ectropion and symblepharon in a 57-year-old patient with KS.6 In addition, deaf mutism is seen in 25% of the cases. The gastrointestinal tract may also be involved resulting in esophageal strictures and consequent dysphagia (40%).7 Similarly, colitis with accompanying bloody diarrhea may occur. Anal stenosis (40%), as well as uretheral stenosis (20%) have also been reported in KS. An increased incidence of cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas is seen. Mizutani et al. have also reported laryngeal carcinomas in patients with KS.7, 8 The management of KS is symptomatic, and no specific therapy is available yet.9 Squamous cell carcinomas require local resection of the tumor. Severe esophageal stenosis occurs in some patients necessitating the need for esophageal dilatation.10 Parental consanguinity is seen in almost all cases. Hence, genetic counseling is of paramount importance. As is obvious from the above discussion, Received: 18 Jan 2014 / Accepted: 14 Feb 2014 © OMSB, 2014


The Bayesian approach to inference from measurement data has the potential to provide highly reliable characterizations of flaw geometry by quantifying the confidence in the estimate results. The accuracy of these confidence estimates depends on the accuracy of the model for the measurement error. Eddy current measurements of electrically anisotropic metals, such as titanium, exhibit a phenomenon called grain noise in which the measurement error is spatially correlated even with no flaw present. We show that the most commonly used statistical model for the measurement error, which fails to account for this correlation, results in overconfidence in the flaw geometry estimates from eddy current data, thereby reducing the effectiveness of the Bayesian approach. We then describe a method of modeling the grain noise as a Gaussian process (GP) using spectral mixture kernels, a type of non-parametric model for the covariance kernel of a GP This provides a broadly applicable, data-driven way of modeling correlati...


Abstract A technique for estimating crop coverage using linear mixture modelling of multi-temporal Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) data is presented for a study area in northern Greece. This paper identifies some of the problems associated with using satellite sensor data with coarse spatial resolution for crop area estimation. Using satellite sensor imagery with a high spatial resolution to extrapolate ground measurements to AVHRR scales, the paper shows how the mixture model can be applied to AVHRR data in a mixed agricultural system. Crop areas are estimated to an average accuracy of 89 percent on regional scale using this technique. The results show that this linear mixture modelling has potential for operational crop area monitoring on a regional basis.


When the input to a rectifier contains both signal and noise components, the resultant output is a complicated non-linear function of signal and noise. Given the spectra of the signal and noise input waves, the law of rectification, and the transmission characteristics of the input and output circuits of the rectifier, it should, in general, be possible to describe the spectrum of the resultant output wave. Before discussing the solution of the general problem, we shall derive some results of a simpler nature, which do not require a consideration of the distribution of the signal and noise energies as functions of frequency.


This paper deals with the creation of a thesaurus for information retrieval using fuzzy set theory. The author names the generalization as a fuzzy association. It is shown that the fuzzy association incorporates some current methods of indexing for bibliographic databases. An algorithm to develop the fuzzy association is given. A method of information retrieval through the fuzzy association is developed and two algorithms for this are discussed.


Tanshinone (TS) is a traditional Chinese medicine that is derived from phenanthrenequinone isolated from the root of Salvia miltiorrhiza. In China, TS is widely used to improve cardiovascular function, relieve angina, and lower blood lipids as well as blood viscosity in clinical treatments for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disorders. In recent years, cardiovascular and structural protection research has focused on the role of TS in cardiovascular protection. TS is involved in regulating multiple drug targets and exhibits potent pharmaceutical effects on blood vessel dilation, vascular endothelial cell protection, anti-oxidation, anti-angiogenesis, smooth muscle proliferation inhibition, and anti-inflammation. Current studies on the pharmacological mechanisms that are involved in vascular protection are discussed in this review to improve the current understanding of the protective effects of TS and to provide a novel perspective on its clinical use.


PART ONE: INTRODUCTION From Showcase to Shadow - Pushkala Prasad and Albert J Mills Understanding the Dilemmas of Managing Workplace Diversity PART TWO: THEORIZING THE DILEMMAS OF WORKPLACE DIVERSITY (In)corporating the Other? Managing the Politics of Workplace Difference - J Michael Cavanagh The Sexually Specific Subject and the Dilemma of Difference - Collette Oseen Re-Thinking the Difference in the Construction of the Non-Hierarchical Workplace The Unbearable Whiteness of Being - Roy Jacques Reflections of a Pale, Stale, Male Class Discipline - Richard Marsden IR/HR and the Normalization of the Workforce The Protestant Ethic and Myths of the Frontier - Pushkala Prasad Cultural Imprints, Organizational Structuring and Workplace Diversity Dreams of Diversity and the Realities of Intergroup Relations in Organizations - Michael B Elmes and Debra L Connelley PART THREE: DILEMMAS OF DIVERSITY MANAGEMENT IN PRACTICE Dueling Discourses - Albert J Mills Desexualization versus Eroticism in the Corporate Framing of Female Sexuality in the British Airline Industry, 1945-60 Women in the Academy - Pat Bradshaw and David Wicks Cycles of Resistance and Compliance 'We Have To Make a Management Decision' - Mark Maier Challenger and the Dysfunctions of Corporate Masculinity When Organizations Do Harm - Paula Caproni and Joycelyn Finley Two Cautionary Tales The Colonizing Consciousness and Representations of the Other - Anshuman Prasad A Postcolonial Critique of the Discourse of Oil Triple Jeopardy - E Joy Mighty Immigrant Women of Color in the Labor Force How International Is International Management? Provincialism, Parochialism, and the Problematic of Global Diversity - Diana J Wong-MingJi and Ali Husain Mir PART FIVE: CONCLUSION Issues in the Management of Diversity - Anshu Prasad and Michael B Elmes


....................................................................................................................... ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................................................................... iii DEDICATION ................................................................................................................... vi CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................1 Significance......................................................................................................................3 Overview of Chapters ......................................................................................................6 CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW ...........................................................................8 Theoretical Framework: Normal Accidents Theory ........................................................8 Complex Organizations .................................................................................................14 Summary ........................................................................................................................17 Rationale ........................................................................................................................17 CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY ..................................................................................19 Case Study Analysis ......................................................................................................19 Why Case Study Analysis? ........................................................................................21 Data Collection ..........................................................................................................23 Selection of Sources ...................................................................................................24 Selection of Timeline .................................................................................................25 Data Analysis .................................................................................................................26 Theoretical Propositions ............................................................................................28 CHAPTER IV CASE ANALYSIS ..................................................................................30 Sony Pictures Entertainment Hack: was it really a crisis? .............................................30 Phase 1 – Saying Hello: The Shakedown of the SPE Database ................................30


We revisit and extend the physical interpretation recently given to a certain identity between large-deviations rate-functions, as well as applications of this identity to rate-distortion theory, as an instance of thermal equilibrium between several physical systems that are brought into contact. Our new interpretation, of mechanical equilibrium between these systems, is shown to have several advantages. This physical point of view also provides a trigger to the development of certain new alternative representations of the rate-distortion function and channel capacity.


The paper is devoted to the actual issues of the modern criminal procedure. The author investigates condition of the modern basic legal institutions of the pre-trial stages, as initiation of criminal case, procedural terms, bringing charges, absentee pre-trial detention and so on as well as proposes the measures to improve these institutions.


The scope of the monitoring effort included a total of 132 grants awarded to schools, hospitals, and other eligible institutions throughout the six New England States. The monitoring was conducted during a six-month period at the rate of approximately 22 grantees per month. Table 1 presents a summary of grantees assigned for monitoring for the period December 1981 - May 1982. The nature of the monitoring involved a significant level of communication and coordination with State Program Coordinators at the Boston Support Office and Program Managers at the State Energy Offices. The monitoring required the cooperation and active participation of the grantees' energy conservation grant project managers and building operators. The effort also required a high level of internal coordination due to the geographic dispersion of the grantees being monitored and the need to maintain regular communication with federal- and state-level officials during the course of the project. To address the requirements of all parties involved in the monitoring, it was necessary to organize and conduct the work in a systematic fashion. As a result, the approach to the monitoring program consisted of five distinct steps which were replicated on a monthly basis for each group of grants assigned formore » monitoring. These steps included: scheduling of site visits; review of working files prior to each visit; site visitation and meeting with grantee officials; notification of BSO regarding critical problems; and preparation of site visit and monthly reports.« less


Three inbred marker lines of Petunia hybrida Vilm. carrying independently inherited monogenic characters (apt, apetalous flower; D flower doubleness; G grandiflora plant and flower) were hybridized with the petalous, single-flowered, multifloral Petunia species, P. axillaris (Lam.) B.S.P., P. inflata Fries, P. violacea Lindl., and P. parodii W.C.S. to obtain information about the genetic affinities between these species and the cultivated Petunia. Each of the three genetic characters was determined to be monogenetically inherited in immediate progenies of crosses with the four Petunia species, although the testcross and F2 ratios were aberrant for segregation of flower doubleness following crosses with P. inflata and P. violacea. This could be due to interspecific chromosomal divergencies, or segregation of modifiers of D. The results are generally consistent with the view that a large degree of genetic homology exists in the genus Petunia.


Burlington, Iowa, Jan. 5, 1903. To the Editor: —During the past year or two I have read inThe Journaland other medical publications a good deal about "organization," "ethics" and "reciprocity," and I have even written a few lines on these subjects, which have found their way into print; but I have seen nothing which so completely sums up the whole matter as Dr. Gillmore's letter in your current issue. Until we can get ethical unification—a oneness of purpose individually and collectively—it seems to me useless to talk about organization and reciprocity; and through one thing and another, mostly perhaps as Dr. Gillmore suggests, the absence of emphasis on the golden rule in the teaching course, we seem to be drifting farther and farther from this unification. I do not wholly agree with Dr. Gillmore that commercialism is a basic fault. It may be difficult to harmonize commercialism with


Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is a central and acute demyelinating disease of the central nervous system with unusual clinical course. The development of novel biomarkers for NMOSD is critical for implementing effective clinical treatment. CD226 is known to be expressed on many types of peripheral lymphoid cells. However, the expression level and function of CD226 on type 1 T regulatory (Tr1) cells during NMOSD is unknown.


Among the burnt fill in Room 4 of the 'House of the Oil Merchant' at Mycenae excavated in 1952 was found one half of a stone mould for casting a winged axe, a type of implement (or weapon) otherwise unknown in Late Helladic or other contemporary Aegean contexts. The mould is made of a fine-grained grey stone. Its shape will be clear from the illustrations. The cut surface is flat, and measures 0·167 × 0·067 m.; the underside is convex: at the centre the stone is 0·038 m. thick, but at the ends only about 0·02 m. In one corner of the flat face is a small round hole, the socket for a peg or knob which would have projected from the other half of the mould (now lost) to ensure the two fitted correctly. There was probably a similar hole at the diagonally opposite corner, which has been broken away. This break fortunately does not prevent us restoring with certainty the shape of the casting that would be produced from the complete mould. This is shown below. Medial winged axes are common in the upper Danube basin and northern Italy, but rarely found farther south, and not at all in the Aegean. It is known from surviving hafts that they were usually mounted (on a knee-haft) as axes (i.e. with the cutting edge in the same plane as the handle), but they could equally well be mounted as adzes. The four 'wings' would be hammered round to grip the ends of the haft on either side; and the ledge or ridge ('stop-ridge') across the blade immediately below the wings served to prevent the butt end from driving upwards and splitting the haft.


By means of colorimetric assay, immunoelectrophoresis and paper chromatography, a strain of C. pseudotetanicum isolated from pathological material was shown to produce the enzyme ne


Online courses are becoming one of the most important ways of Chinese language learning for Chinese American elementary school students. At present, there are relatively few studies on Chinese language teaching for Chinese Americans, and even fewer studies on online Chinese language teaching for Chinese American elementary school students. Based on the learners' Chinese identity and country-specific characteristics, we initially explore the online Chinese language teaching for Chinese American elementary school students and draw the following conclusions. Finally, this paper briefly analyzes the problems of online Chinese language teaching for Chinese elementary school students in the United States and gives relevant suggestions.


Xiao Guwei island,on which Guangzhou college town is situated,has four archaeological sites,the Southern Han Kang Ling,Southern Han Tak-ling,Zhai Yu-Ming tomb and the early Qing Dynasty fort.They are valuable in culture and in ecology,education and tourism as well and deserve good protection.With a good use of them,we can help refine the cultural development of the college town and the whole city.


Tibial pseudarthrosis associated with Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is an orthopedic condition with consistently poor clinical outcomes. Using a murine model that features localized double inactivation of the Nf1 gene in an experimental tibial fracture, we tested the effects of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein‐2 (rhBMP‐2) and/or the bisphosphonate zoledronic acid (ZA). Tibiae were harvested at 3 weeks for analysis, at which time there was negligible healing in un‐treated control fractures (7% union). In contrast, rhBMP‐2 and rhBMP‐2/ZA groups showed significantly greater union (87% and 93%, p < 0.01 for both). Treatment with rhBMP‐2 led to a 12‐fold increase in callus bone volume and this was further increased in the rhBMP‐2/ZA group. Mechanical testing of the healed rhBMP‐2 and rhBMP‐2/ZA fractures showed that the latter group had significantly higher mechanical strength and was restored to that of the un‐fractured contralateral leg. Co‐treatment with rhBMP‐2/ZA also reduced fibrous tissue infiltration at the fracture site compared to rhBMP alone (p = 0.068). These data support the future clinical investigation of this combination of anabolic and anti‐resorptive agents for the treatment of NF1 pseudarthrosis. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:930–936, 2018.


The new syndrome differentiation system which focus on syndrome element established by professor ZHU Wen-feng,is the essential development of syndrome differentiation theory in TCM."Syndrome element" means the element of syndromes,it refers to diacrisis the location of diseases including the spleen,the kidney,the liver and the stomach as well as diacrisis the nature of diseases such as qi deficiency,blood deficiency,phlegm and cold.Every syndrome element may display different syndromes,physical symptom and manifestation of syndrome.We can diacrisis syndrome element according to the manifestation.And we can combine name of syndrome once we know the syndrome element clearly.Therefore,syndrome element is the basis of name of syndrome.In order to make the method and context of the syndrome element differentiation are understood and adopted in more and more regions,we compose it in a ballad so as to make it easier for learners to study just like learn poem and apply to clinic.


Alginate-chitosan hydrogel as controlled release of Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potassium (NPK) macronutrient has been studied. Variations of alginate and chitosan mass, N; P and K concentration, pH solution, swelling ratio and mass ratio of alginate and chitosan were optimized. Hydrogel was prepared by mixing alginate, chitosan and CaCl2 as a cross linker in the water media. Hydrogel product was characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR). N; P; and K release were measured by UV-Vis spectrophotometer and Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The result showed that addition of chitosan in the hydrogel caused a decrease of swelling ratio hydrogel and a decrease of N; P and K release. The release of N; P and K was affected by N; P and K concentration and pH solution. The higher N; P and K concentrations and lower pH solution caused an increase of release rate of N; P and K. The mechanism of N; P and K release from the alginate-chitosan hydrogel followed the Korsmeyer-Peppas model. The ratio of alginate and chitosan in the hydrogel also affected to the the release rate of N; P and K.


The meaning-making system of the sky has persisted for millennia (Peters 2015). Yet, many of us do not relate to the importance of the connection with celestial sky anymore. One of the many contributing factors is our relation to urban systems, as well as densification and, consequently, the verticalization of living. As an example of the power of place-making strategies and its friction with the architectural set-up in high-rise mass dwellings and estates, the novel Beschreibung einer Krabbenwanderung by Karosh Taha makes use of the night-time sky in idiosyncratic spaces of the high-rise, such as the balcony. Here, the links between relations of time and space, the here and there (Perez Murcia 2019), as well as inside and outside spaces, become apparent and show a connection of the liminality of post-migrant identities. In an analysis of the access to the night-time sky and its concluding place-making strategies by one of the protagonists of the novel, I show how the balcony functions as a liminal space that is idiosyncratic for the mobile and mediatized identity in the western European high-rise dwelling.


3D food printing (3DFP) is an emerging novel technology in food fabrication, capable of creating food constructs with a layer-by-layer technique based on the desired design. The flexibility of this new technology offers the freedom to customise any preferred design. Among various type of 3D printing techniques, extrusion method is favourable to print the majority of fresh and edible foods. This method allows fresh foods in a paste, or liquid form to be extruded through the nozzle. Understanding the food material characteristic is the major factor that needs to be considered in choosing substrates for 3DFP. Dark chocolate was used as the main material in this work. It composed of cocoa butter (fat), cocoa solids, sugar, and lecithin. The important constituent in chocolate is cocoa butter (fat) containing the stable b-crystals in the chocolate matrix. These crystal fats help the chocolate to retain its quality such as glossy appearance, smooth texture and will set even after its being partially melted maintaining the b-crystal nuclei during printing. Extrusion method (auger) was applied in this work as the primary method to print the chocolate in powder form. Also, the addition of additive in auger extrusion is required to act as a flow enhancer, minimising the occurrence of slip-effect. Various physical properties, including analysing the effect of food additives, modification of internal structure, sensorial and potential consumersr perception and acceptance of 3D printed chocolates, were evaluated during this research work.At the beginning of this work, several modifications to a commercial 3D printer were required. The modification included developing a new 3D printer bed, water re-circulating system and the attachment of an air blower. A custom stainless steel printer bed (200 mm x 200 mm x 10 mm) was designed with an in-built water recirculation system (flow rate of 6.3 mL/s and maintain the temperature at ~16 oC).n Also, the printer bed was supported by a custom stabiliser printed by 3D filament printer using a plastic filament (Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ABS). Additionally, an air blower was attached to avoid condensation that may occur on the printer bed due to cooling below room temperature. These modifications were done to ensure that the extruded chocolate solidifies efficiently upon extrusion. The optimisation of printing parameters was executed to determine the nozzle height and printing temperature. A series of comprehensive analysis including thermal properties, flow properties and tribological properties of printed chocolate was conducted. The original chocolate and the printed chocolate had a similar thermal melting profile (average melting peak of 32.9 p 0.3 dC) as analysed by DSC suggesting that the printed chocolate had similar crystal forms. Food grade additives, magnesium stearate (Mg-ST) and native plant sterol (PS) were investigated for their suitability as a flow enhancer to reduce the slip-effect of the powdered chocolate movement in the auger extrusion. The findings suggested that Mg-ST and PS did not influence the thermal and flow properties of the printed chocolate. However, tribology analysis indicated that chocolate samples with additives showing a higher coefficient of friction, possibly due to the effect of particle size.The 3D printer has the capability of modifying the internal structure of a food construct. In this study, 3D food printer was utilised to alter the internal construct structure (5%, 30%, 60% and 100%) infill percentage-IP (star, Hilbert curve and honeycomb infill patterns) to modify the textural properties of 3D printed chocolate. The void fraction of the printed constructs become lesser as IP increased from 5% to 100%. A higher force (N) was required to break the constructs with high IPs. Chocolate printed with Hilbert curve pattern required less force to break the samples (regardless of infill percentages, from 5% to 60% IP) ranging from 1.9 p 0.1 N to 11.7 p 0.7 N. For the same variation of infill percentages, the force required to break the samples printed with star pattern and honeycomb pattern ranged from 6.1 p 0.2 N to 45.3 p 1.4 N and 9.0 p 0.3 N to 47.4 p 0.5 N, respectively. Honeycomb and star infill pattern exhibited more interlayer bonding zones than that of Hilbert curve infill pattern producing a tougher 3D printed chocolates. The mechanical strength of the cast sample was higher (required g110 N) as compared to printed chocolate (100% IP). The results demonstrate that IPs influence the mechanical strength of 3D printed chocolate, indicating a textural change of the chocolate. In the sensorial perspective, texture modified chocolate (printed in a honeycomb pattern with various infill percentage 25%, 50% and 100%) was given to panellist (age between 28 and 55 years) to assess their preferences based on appearance and texture of the printed chocolate. The panellist suggested that the appearance of 3D printed chocolate (100% IP) was favourable and indicated their preferences for chocolate printed in 25% IP. A similar preference of cast chocolate and 3D printed chocolate samples in 100% infill percentage was obtained. Consumer perception was obtained by the 3D printer and printed chocolate samplesr display and using a survey questionnaire to assess their knowledge, perceived benefit and their attitudes towards 3DFP. The finding prominently indicated that most of the consumers in the investigated community (University of Queensland premises) were aware of 3D food printing technology. The display of 3D food printing contributed positive feedback from consumers as 3D printed dark chocolate samples were visible to the participants of the survey. These results demonstrated the positive attitudes of consumers toward 3D food printing technology.


The biological characteristics and life table parameters of Apomyelois ceratoniae on the three commercial cultivars of pomegranate including Malas daneh siah, Gabri and Shahvar were determined. Larvae were reared on three cultivars in the laboratory at 30 ± 1 °C, 70 ± 5% RH and 16:8 (L:D) h photoperiod. The highest value of the finite rate of increase (λ) were observed in Shahvar cultivar. The intrinsic rate of increase (r m) values was 0.079 ± 0.004, 0.088 ± 0.003 and 0.105 ± 0.003 on Malas daneh siah, Gabri and Shahvar cultivars, respectively and highest value was recorded on Shahvar cultivar. The net reproductive rate (R 0) value varied from 26.71 ± 4.1 female offspring on Malas daneh siah to 51.01 ± 6.4 female offspring on Gabri. The highest amounts of the gross reproductive rate of A. ceratoniae were observed on Shahvar. The lowest mean generation time (T) was observed on Shahvar and there were not significant differences between Gabri and Malas daneh siah.


The observations in Antarctic area show that BC concentrations increase from winter to spring. The observed BC increase can be attributed to transport from other regions because in-situ BC emission in Antarctica is quite small. This study investigates BC transport to Antarctica from various source regions and sectors (types) during years 2005-2015 by using a global chemistry-aerosol transport model CHASER.


This special issue aims to bring together current research on codesign with people living with cognitive or sensory impairments. The idea for this special issue grew from the challenges the guest editors encountered in their own codesign projects involving such end-users. These challenges are at least partly related to the fact that people living with cognitive or sensory impairments may make sense of the world, and may share their experiences in a radically different way than other end-users and codesign researchers and designers themselves. As a result, researchers, designers and codesign participants living with impairments may find it difficult to understand each other, and to communicate. In addition, participants' impairments may pose challenges on a methodological level. For instance, many cognitive and sensory impairments are related to thought processes and communication skills, including memory, sequencing actions, understanding abstractions and interpreting social cues. These are precisely the processes and skills that many participatory and codesign techniques draw upon. Therefore, such techniques might not be usable at all, or may need to be adjusted for working with people with impairments. In our view, an important prerequisite for codesign is to create a 'space' for common understanding and creation. This can be understood as a 'hybrid space' where a process of mutual learning and shaping can occur. The concept of such a hybrid space, as defined by Muller (2003), serves as an in-between region for researchers and designers on the one hand and end-users on the other hand. It is an overlap between two different worlds and is not owned by the researcher, the designer or by the end-user. As such, this hybrid space is open to differences and thus may serve as a place for poly-vocal discussion and co-creation: a bridge between theworld of (technology) developers, designers and researchers on the one hand, and the world of end-users on the other.When working with participants living with a cognitive or sensory impairment, the task of creating a hybrid space may require more thought and preparation than for other codesign projects. Therefore, in the call for papers for this special issue, we asked the design research community to report on the methods, techniques and tools they use in codesign in order to create hybrid spaces for designing with persons with cognitive or sensory impairments. More specifically, we asked for papers dealing with methodological issues, such as the customisation of existing codesign techniques to make them suitable for use with participants living with impairments. When adjusting codesign techniques for users living with cognitive or sensory impairments, a critical issue seems to be that different adjustments have to be devised for specific user groups. Unfortunately, the reasoning that informed the adjustments that have been reported until now has not always been clearly described. As a result, it is difficult for researchers and designers to generalise the lessons learned from previous adjustments to future research. This special issue examines whether it is possible to extract general guidelines for codesigning with end-users living with cognitive or sensory impairments. Do researchers and designers who do codesign with people living with cognitive or sensory impairments need a different set of guidelines than designers who work with other types of users?


Theoretical investigations of the outer valence doubly ionized states of ethylene are presented using ab initio Green's function and configuration interaction methods. The vertical double ionization potentials computed by the Green's function method using the ADC(2) scheme are discussed in connection with the Auger spectrum of ethylene and found to reproduce the experimental spectrum quite accurately. Another main purpose of the present work is the investigation of the potential energy surfaces of selected states via ADC(2) and the study of the nuclear dynamics on them. It is shown that only the ground state of the dication is nonplanar with a torsional angle of 90°. The investigation of the topology of the surfaces reveals a low energy conical intersection of the dicationic ground and first excited states. The associated vibronic coupling problem turns out to include, additionally, the second excited state and thus, we encounter here a three‐state problem. In the approximation of linear vibrational and v...


Using the Clauser-Horne model of Bell's theorem, the locality condition is examined and it is shown the corresponding formulation is equivalent to a factorization process consisting of three stages. The first stage is introduced based on the conditional probability definition in classical theory of probability and the other two stages are based on previously-known relations named as outcome and parameter independence conditions.


Objective:To investigate the relations between behavioral neuroligical assessment and clinical,coronal CT manifestions in neonatal hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy(HIE).Methods:Ninety six cases of HIE were graded by 20 items of NBNA,which was compared with the clinical and coronal CT manifestations.Results:From 5 to 7 days the more severe the clinical and coronal CT manifestations were the lower the NBNA grades would be( P 0.01 and P 0.005).From 12 to 14 days NBNA grade increased more manificantly in mild and moderate patients than in severe patients( P 0.005) and increased farther from 24 to 28 days( P 0.005 ).The 9 patients whose grade of NBNA was lower than 35 points( P 0.005) and whose coronal CT manifestations abnormal after 4 weeks all had sequel as to some extent.Conclusions:Dynamic NBNA helps to estimate the severity and prognosis of HIE.


The problem of avoiding route programming of ship based-on ant colony optimization is a new way of the route programming of ship.By using the method of barrier in grid,the model of the avoiding route has been established and an optimum route had been obtained.The simulation results indicated the ant colony optimization has the good stability and robustness in the problem of avoiding route programming.


We have introduced a new mechanism for chondrule formation [1] where primitive igneous droplets are a dynamical consequence of sloppy pairwise accretion of melted planetesimals. The idea of splashing molten planetesimals has long heritage [e.g. 2]; our mechanism is unique in starting from the hydrostatic pressure within an igneous primitive planetesimal, as massive sheets of melt are ejected from ~tens of bars in hit-and-run and graze-and-merge collisions [3, 4]. Chondrule diameters are regulated by magmatic surface tension in our model, producing ~0.1 mm-sized spheres from ~30-100 km diameter planetesimals. Chondrule formation is as common as accretion, so long as the colliding bodies have significant melt reservoirs; later collisions form breccias and rubble piles. The story of chondrules is more complicated than our simple scenario can predict, so we review and expand upon our treatment of collisions, evaluate plausible scenarios and their implications, and explore caveats and testable aspects. Motivation: There is substantial evidence for widespread melting of planetesimals during the timeframe of chondrule formation, and models based on the Al budget [e.g. 5] show that planetesimals ~30-100 km diameter are molten for the first few Ma if they accrete in the first ~1 Ma. We find [1] that molten planetesimals of milligravity size can easily maintain chondritic chemistry. The greatest obstacle to forming chondrules out of melted or partly melted planetesimals [2] has been physical, motivating us to uncover a mechanism rooted in pairwise accretion, and aligned with the evidence that CB chondrites formed in relatively late collisions [6]. The interpreted formative chemical and thermal state of chondrules indicates their solidification in dense, probably self-gravitating [7] swarms. Gravity is an important aspect of our model, providing energy to chondrule formation in addition to the copious thermal energy from radionuclides, by generating hydrostatic pressure P0~GρR inside each planetesimal. Slow and messy: Collisions at tens of meters per second – car-crash velocities, by objects the size of small states – are never simple mergers. Initial contact takes hours, and the long term aftermath takes days to weeks. The large time scales and spatial scales, and microgravity conditions, have placed them beyond what is attainable in a laboratory, although with modern hydrocodes we are able to explore these scenarios in some physical detail. Pairwise planetesimal collisions differ from the better-studied scenarios for the impact origin of the Earth-Moon system, an event that has been modeled as a 'graze and merge' collision [e.g. 8] using similar techniques but at vastly higher energy. At tens of meters per second, there are no shocks. We find [1] that pairwise planetesimal growth is accompanied by repeated evisceration and pressureunloading of planetesimals that overshoot their targets [9]. Unaccreted material includes bound ejecta which can remain in orbit or within the Hill sphere, and escaping ejecta. Ejecta are composed primarily of unaccreted downrange projectile material, with more energetic collisions dredging up increasing fractions of target material. If molten, this unaccreted material disrupts into swarms of chondrule-sized droplets that expand and cool on a timescale of hours. The droplets formed are thus subject to a variety of fates. The model predicts their sizes, where surface accommodates the hydrostatic pressure prior to the collision, and cooling rate, as regulated by the swarm's diminishing opacity. The model: We use high resolution SPH simulations (~10 particles) to model colliding bodies. These are of varying size ~10-100 km and either liquid, or liquid beneath a massive solid carapace, with an iron core. A liquid treatment is appropriate [3] for a ~10 km radius planetesimal of Newtonian viscosity <10 poise; but there would be nonlinear complications to the rheology, e.g. bubbles, shear softening, etc. Figure 1 shows a typical outcome for an escapevelocity collision (36 m/s) between two bodies 30 km and 70 km diameter with notional cores. The characteristic feature is the release of the unaccreted sheet, mostly projectile material, from hydrostatic pressure. VdP is added to the available enthalpy, where dP~P0, the initial hydrostatic pressure. ΔH can be accommodated by vapor dissolution and outgassing, but these require free surfaces (bubbles, droplets) and the associated energy γ. A simple relationship is attained between the radius R of a disrupted planetesimal, and the radius r of characteristic chondrules that derive from unloaded melted materials. Equating P0~GρR to the Laplace pressure 2γ/r across a droplet interface gives


There are some passages within the Aristotelian corpus that indicate that Aristotle argued for a wider and more cosmic teleology than he is usually understood to have held.  There are two interpretive camps that have been formed as a response to these passages.  The first argues that Aristotle held only the internal teleology that he is commonly associated with, and the second argues that Aristotle must have defended a hierarchical teleology in which some things in the universe are meant to benefit other things.  I argue that both sides are mistaken, and that the key to understanding Aristotelian teleology is through a correct interpretation of Metaphysics Λ 10.


The characteristics and principle of the regional distributed energy system are expounded.The selection schemes of main equipment for the regional distributed energy system are studied according to the cold and hot load of a cooling,heat and power cogeneration project, the scheme comparison are made,and the recommend scheme is obtained.


The inbalanced numbers of job seekers and the job available as well as the high percentage of corruption in Indonesia has encouraged the government to find solution.    Based on the values promoted by education of entrepreneurship, the government has shifted the Indonesian people from being 'job seeker' to 'job maker' and prevent corruption.  Whenever the society understand and hold or conduct the entrepreneurship, corruption will decline because the society has already self sufficient and do not rely on the government any more.  Higher education serve the tool for the government to grow and develop students' character, therefore, this institution is targeted to produce new entrepreneurship.  Copyright © 2013 by Al-Ta'lim All right reserved DOI:  10.15548/jt.v20i3.44