T his study is motivated by the performance level of employees at Bank Indonesia Semarang which has not optimal. Based on interviews pre - survey indicated issues raised by job satisfaction, loyalty, and the work environment to support the process of employee performance. This study aims to examine and analyze the effect of job satisfaction, job loyalty, and non-physical work environment on the performance of employees of Bank Indonesia Semarang. This study uses three independent variables namely job satisfaction, job loyalty, and non-physical work environment with one dependent variable is the performance of employees. T his  study  is  applied  toward  50  employees  in  Bank  Indonesia  Semarang  by spreading questionnaires to collect the data eith criteria of respondent minimum 10 years working life. Sampling techniques in this study using purposive sampling method. The data analysis method used in this study include validity, reliability, classic assumption test, multiple linear regression analysis, F test, t test, and the coefficient of determination. Based on the results of t - test and multiple linear regression analysis showed that job satisfaction, job loyalty, and non-physical work environment positive and significant effect on employee performance.The coefficient of determination shows that the performance of employees of Bank Indonesia Semarang influenced by job satisfaction, job loyalty, and non-physical work environment by 74.9% while the remaining 25.1% is influenced by variables - other variables not examined in this study.


In this paper we report the deprotonation yields, the p K a , and decay kinetics of the aci -nitro intermediates of some substituted 2-nitrobenzaldehydes that can be used as photoactivatable caged proton compounds. The decay of the aci -nitro absorbance for 2-nitrobenzaldehyde occurs within a few nanoseconds from photoexcitation. Addition of electron donating methoxy substituents at positions 4 and 5 leads to lower deprotonation yields, higher p K a , and slower decays of the aci -nitro intermediates. On the contrary, the decay rate is accelerated by the introduction of an electron-withdrawing Cl atom at position 4 in the phenyl ring, with little influence on the deprotonation yield and p K a of the aci -nitro intermediate.


The effect of strike replacement, or striker replacement, bans has been theoretically modeled using private information bargaining models which predict that strike replacement restrictions will increase wages. These models, however, assume that the capital stock is constant. This paper develops a sequential model in which a capital investment decision precedes wage bargaining. Strike replacement legislation which increases labor's bargaining power and reduces the productivity of capital during a strike can cause reduced investment. Consequently, the theoretical effect of strike replacement restrictions on wage outcomes is ambiguous. This model can also be applied to other public policy debates in labor relations.


Fractional-order integration (FOI) and its beauty of optimally ordered adaptive filtering for image quality enhancement are latently too valuable to be casually dismissed. With this motivation, a new Riemann–Liouville fractional-order calculus-based spatial-masking methodology is proposed in this paper in association with counterbalanced piecewise gamma correction (PGC). A generalized FOI-based mask is also suggested. This mask is negatively augmented with the original image for harvesting texture-based benefits. PGC is just employed through a constructive association of both kinds of reciprocally dual gamma values <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$(\gamma _{1}= \gamma $ </tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\gamma _{2}=1/\gamma, \forall \gamma > 1$ </tex-math></inline-formula>), which leads to optimally desired enhancement when applied in a weighted counter-correction manner. Efficiently improved and recently proposed opposition-based learning inspired sine–cosine algorithm is employed in this paper, along with a newly framed fitness function. This fitness function is devised in a novel manner by taking care of textural as well as non-textural details of the images. In this paper, especially for dark images, 130% increment is achieved over the input contrast along with the simultaneous 147% increment in the discrete entropy level and 22.8% increment in the sharpness content. Also, brightness and colorfulness are reported with 130% and 196.4% increased with respect to the input indices, respectively. In addition, the textural improvement is advocated in terms of desired comparative reduction of gray-level co-occurrence matrix-based metrics, namely, correlation, energy, and homogeneity, which are suppressed by 25.6%, 72.5%, and 21.8%, respectively. This performance evaluation underlines the excellence and robustness for imparting proper texture as well as edge preserved (or efficiently restored) image quality improvement.


Studies have shown that most Malay learners of Arabic language exhibit weak performance in speaking Arabic despite spending years of learning the language. Among the causes of the problem are traditional methods like reading, translation, and memorization that are popularly used in the teaching and learning of Arabic language. Since Arabic language is not widely used in Malaysian society, the only chance the students have to speak Arabic is in the classroom. Therefore the researcher designed a series of classroom activities using communicative approach for a period of 14 weeks on 45 students of Islamic Education minoring in the Teaching of Arabic as Second Language at the Institute of Education at the International Islamic University Malaysia. Surveys were administered to the students before and after the communicative activities took place. In addition the researcher also performed classroom observation and collected self reports from the students after each activity. The results from paired sample t-test showed that students' perception on Arabic speaking and ability to speak Arabic improved after 14 weeks. In addition level of difficulty faced to speak Arabic decreased gradually. Results from the Pearson Product Moment correlation coefficient suggested that the improved perceptions of speaking Arabic lessened the difficulties faced by students in speaking Arabic. The results also suggested that the improved perceptions towards speaking Arabic increased students' ability to speak Arabic.


When combating multiple mainlobe interferences in space, the traditional interference suppression methods based on eigen-projection have the problems of model mismatch and mainlobe distortion. In order to solve the above problems, a mainlobe interference suppression method based on coprime array is proposed. In the proved method, the signal covariance matrix of the virtual uniform array is constructed according to the observation vector, and the angles and powers of all incident signals are estimated by Capon spectrum. Then, the reconstructed interference plus noise covariance matrix is used to construct the corresponding subspace, and the component of mainlobe interferences is suppressed by eigen-projection. Finally, the reconstructed sidelobe interference plus noise covariance matrix is used to calculate the adaptive weight vector to form an ideal beam pattern. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed method.


Two activated carbons were prepared based on peanut shell (CAA) and green soya shell (CAS) at 500 °C during 6 h after impregnation in soda. Without impregnation in soda, two non-activated carbons were prepared in the same conditions, from peanut shell (CNAA) and green soya shell (CNAS). To compare, we characterized two commercial activated carbons. The first, CACOM 1, was bought in a drug store and the second, CACOM 2 was bought in a shop of chemical products. The ash content of all carbons was lower than 12 %, except CACOM 1 (42 %). The presence of excipients is certainly the reason of the high ash content of CACOM 1. The pH values of all carbons except CACOM 2 changed from 7.35 to 7.73. The pH value of CACOM 2 is 9.24.The determination of the specific surfaces of carbon was carried out according to the model of Langmuir with the molecule of acetic acid. The specific surfaces of CNAA, CNAS, CAA, CAS, CACOM 2 and CACOM 1 are respectively 141.47 m 2 /g, 194.46 m 2 /g, 311.15 m 2 /g, 433.09 m 2 /g, 514.32 m 2 /g and 1206,30 m 2 /g. The specific surfaces of CAA and CAS are closer than the commercial carbon CACOM 2.


Objective To analyze the genetic and evolutionary properties of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) ORF 1ab/S/M proteins and select antigen epitope sequences of mRNA vaccines. Methods We analyzed the worldwide SARS-CoV-2 genome sequences in this study and have focused on the protein and nucleic acid sequences of the ORF 1ab/S/M. The neighbor-joining tree was employed to map the global distribution of genetic differences. Based on current research on SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV-2 genetic differences, we predicted candidate mRNA vaccines for SARS-CoV-2. Results The SARS-CoV-2 ORF 1ab nucleic acid sequence similarity is 100.0%, while the homology is 99.3% in the global hot region; the S-protein nucleic acid sequence similarity is 100.0%, while the homology is 97.5%; the M-protein nucleic acid sequence similarity is 100.0%, while the homology is 99.9%. Global distribution of ORF 1ab/S/M proteins indicates that there is a significant genetic difference between the Americas and Eurasia. Potential vaccine antigen epitope mRNA sequences (11 B cell responses and 13 T cell responses) were selected for SARS-CoV-2 ORF 1ab protein; 6 B cell responses and 4 T cell responses antigen epitope mRNA sequences were selected for the Spike protein; 3 B cell responses and 7 T cell responses antigen epitope mRNA sequences were selected for the membrane protein. Conclusion There are significant genetic differences in the global hot spot of SARS-CoV-2 in the Americas and Eurasia. Through our new antigen design strategy to screen linear epitopes, we predicted many sequences in ORF 1ab/S/M coding region that potentially raising an immune response. Our study will benefit the discovery of the mRNA vaccine (tandem antigen epitope sequence), antibody discovery, and potentially understanding related immune mechanisms.

DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2020.11.04


During March and April of 2010, Mr Julius Malema, the then president of the African National Congress Youth League (ANCYL), made news headlines for the singing of the controversial apartheid struggle song that contains the lyrics "dubula ibhunu" (shoot the boer). The controversy started after Mr Malema sang a song containing the above mentioned lyrics at a student gathering on the campus of the University of Johannesburg on the 9 of March 2010 (The Mail and Guardian, 2010a; Business Day, 2010). AfriForum, a civil rights organisation, consequently laid a charge of hate speech against Mr Malema at the Equality Court on the 12 of March 2010. Despite the uproar caused by the singing of the song, and the consequent charge of hate speech laid against him, Mr Malema continued to sing the song on two more occasions in South Africa; on the 22 of March 2010 during a public address at Mafikeng in celebration of Human Rights Day and on the 26 of March 2010 at Rustenburg. After these occurrences, an urgent appeal was filed by AfriForum at the Pretoria High Court on the 1 of April 2010 seeking an order to bar Mr Malema from singing the song, which AfriForum perceived as hate speech. The Pretoria High Court issued an interdict ruling that the words under consideration constitute hate speech and barred Mr Malema from singing the song pending the outcome of the Equality Court proceedings (The Mail and Guardian, 2010b).


Lipophosphoglycan (LPG) is an abundant surface molecule that plays key roles in the infectious cycle ofLeishmania major. The dominant feature of LPG is a polymer of phosphoglycan (PG) (6Galβ1,4Manα1-PO4) repeating units. In L. major these are extensively substituted with Gal(β1,3) side chains, which are required for binding to midgut lectins and survival. We utilized evolutionary polymorphisms in LPG structure and cross-species transfections to recover genes encoding the LPG side chain β1,3-galactosyltransferases (βGalTs). A dispersed family of six SCG genes was recovered, whose predicted proteins exhibited characteristics of eukaryotic GalTs. At least four of these proteins showed significant LPG side chain βGalT activity; SCG3 exhibited initiating GalT activity whereas SCG2 showed both initiating and elongating GalT activity. However, the activity ofSCG2 was context-dependent, being largely silent in its normal genomic milieu, and different strains show considerable variation in the extent of LPG galactosylation. Thus theL. major genome encodes a family of SCGs with varying specificity and activity, and we propose that strain-specific LPG galactosylation patterns reflect differences in their expression.


The oscillating flow field of the double nozzle flapper servo valve pre-stage is numerically analyzed through Large Eddy Simulation (LES) turbulent modeling with the previous grid independence verification. The vortex street flow phenomenon can be observed when the flow passes through the nozzle flapper channel, the vortex alternating in each side produces the periodical flow oscillation. The structural and flow parameter effects on the oscillating flow are emphasized, and it could be determined that the pressure on the flapper is nearly proportional to the flow velocity and inversely proportional to the actual distance between the flapper and the nozzle. On the other hand, the main frequency of oscillation decreases with the velocity and increases with the distance between the nozzle flapper. The main stage movement is further considered with a User Defined Function (UDF), and it could be determined that the influences of the structural and flow parameters on the flow oscillation are rarely changed, but the main frequencies drop, generally.


The emotion of the cinema is neither in contents that would be themselves moving, nor in the actor's expressive effort, or in some production cliches. Bresson's cinematograph allows to spot it rather in the arrangements of fragments that mobilize the intellect in some swerves or rythms. Apart from Bresson's system, the emotion can be detected in the relationships of the camera to its objects, particularly when the cinema makes an element appear outside the average sight of the appearances or when it adjusts the emotional stakes according to some metrical spaces between the figures and the camera, unless it exercises its capacity of revealing some psychological phenomena related to the nature of desire. To a more general level, the film as a world can move itself and stir when the shot keeps the mark of the enunciative tension which marks its elaboration. The effects of breaking point, even faint, open at last a huge field of emotions, particularly in the form of qualitative jumps.


Background Idiopathic scoliosis in children can cause noticeable changes in the musculoskeletal system including the feet and the relationship between spinal deformity and impaired biomechanics of the feet is important to learn in the case. The purpose was to explore plantographic characteristics of feet in children with severe idiopathic scoliosis before and after surgical correction of the curve using transpedicular spinal systems. Material and methods Foot support indices were measured in 18 children aged 14-17 years with grades III and IV idiopathic scoliosis Lenke types I, III, V and VI. The results were compared with plantographic findings of 18 healthy children. Results The medial index m was within normal limits with a double-support load in patients with idiopathic scoliosis before spinal surgery. The rest of the indices were significantly reduced irrespective of the extent of the foot load. Double-support load tests showed a pathologically strong correlation between the medial and median support indices m ~ s. The spring function of the foot arches was intact. The frontal balance of the spine correlated with the foot support indices. Patients developed no foot rigidity at 9–10 days of surgery and showed an increased asymmetry in the arches of the contralateral feet and an abnormal increase in the relationship between the foot support indices m, s and t with no correlation between the frontal balance of the spine and the plantographic characteristics. Conclusion Children with severe idiopathic scoliosis were shown to develop impaired biomechanics of the feet with decreased contact area between the feet and the support surface, and a pathological increase in the functional relationship of the arches. Impaired biomechanics of the feet appeared to aggravate at a short term following correction of spinal deformity.


François Ribac discusses how the Beatles—within the field of popular music—gave substance to a technical and social organization that the cinema made culturally possible. Cinema, being just as much a technique as a way of organizing and hearing the world, introduced the Beatles and their sound engineers simultaneously to a nonnaturalistic use of sound and to rock "n" roll which made it possible for them to invent "a cinema for the ears." Ribac describes how the methods and the temporality of the cinema as well as its conventions, division of labor, and the concept of the studio inspired the envisioning of a musical form that was disconnected from traditional music-making of the time.


Liver slices removed from adult rats at various times following whole body x-irradiations of 850, 1500, and 2000 r were tested for their ability to metabolize hydrocortisone ( free alcohol). The animals were divided into a non- irradiated control group, an irradiated unshielded group, and an abdominal- shielded irradiated group. It was found that the irradiated unshielded liver slices metabo lized the hydrocortisone at a lower rate than control slices. Liver slices removed from animals whose abdominal regions were shielded during irradiation were found to metabolize hydrocortisone at a higher rate than control slices. The effects observed appeared to be dependent on total dosage and time of removal of the liver post-irradiation. (auth)


We consider the monopole-antimonopole static potential in the confining phase of the Abelian Higgs model and in particular the corrections to the Coulomb-like potential at small distances r. By minimizing numerically the classical energy functional we observe a linear in r correction so that a string-tension term survives even at distances much smaller than apparent physical scales. We argue that this term is a manifestation of the condition that the monopoles are connected by a mathematically thin line along which the scalar field vanishes. These short strings modify the operator product expansion. Implications for QCD are discussed.


The S-transform is a method of time-frequency analysis of a time series, essentially the Fourier spectrum as a function of time. While attractive in concept, the S-transform suffers from inherently poor frequency resolution, particularly at the high frequencies. We present here a technique (named STF) to enhance the frequency resolution through the use of the global Fourier spectrum. The scaling of the localising Gaussian window in STF is made a function of the global Fourier amplitude spectrum. Tests with several data series show better frequency resolution, with no increase in computation time or resource usage.


This study examines how professors influence the configuration of Health as an academic topic in the curriculum designed for Physical Education (PE) instructors. It focuses on a doctoral thesis that analyzes professors' CVs and selection processes at CEFD/UFES between 1990/2017. Focusing on Anthony Giddens's structuration theory, it discusses how the data hegemonically point to 'biologization of the curriculum' and how professors' agency and the structure of policies for curricula and graduate studies influence those processes. Furthermore, these data also point out the emergence of broader perspectives connected to Social Sciences/Humanities and Collective Health. This work goes beyond 'disciplinary' discussion about the curriculum and underscores professors' presence as a factor in the analysis of training policies in PE.


Abstract We report a case of an anterolateral cervical meningocoele presenting as a neck mass in a patient with neurofibromatosis 1. This lesion was diagnosed with the aid of computerized tomography and radionucleide scanning. The presentation, behaviour and treatment options of this uncommon lesion are briefly discussed.


Activated carbon fiber reinforced composites is a kind of new material in ceaseless development which is receiving more and more attention because of its excellent absorption and mechanical properties. This article mainly studies the influence of polyacrylonitrile based activated carbon fibers on the mechanical properties of medium density fiberboard (MDF); add the static bending strength and internal bonding strength (IB) of medium density fiberboard in the PAN-ACF through comparison test and get the result of the influence of polyacrylonitrile based activated carbon fibers on medium density fiberboard.


The task specific ionic liquid tricaprylmethyl ammonium thiosalicylate proved to be an excellent extraction agent for chromium from aqueous solution. Chromium was removed from tannery effluents to a greater extent than the conventional methods; using the water insoluble, thiol containing task specific ionic liquid.

 Key words: Task- specific ionic liquid (TSIL), heavy metals, chromium, sequesterization, tricaprylmethyl ammonium thiosalicylate, tannery wastes.


The article looks at the improvements in safety achieved by the aviation industry in the last 50 years, and recognizes that they have been substantial. The challenges for further improving aviation safety in the long run are identified. They include: ground congestion; litigation and accident investigation; investigation technology; increasing automation; safety performance in a cyclical industry; investigating why planes do not crash (when, in an identical situation they do); and, organizing governmental institutions for safety.


Summary: Confocal scanning laser microscopy (CSLM) has the potential to provide new insights into matrix deposition in renal pathology. For example laser stimulated light emission from Kimmelstiel Wilson (KW) nodules emphasizes a difference between peripheral and central nodule contents, an observation matching immunoperoxidase studies, which fails to demonstrate high density of renal matrix proteins in the core.


This paper introduces a design of wireless temperature controller hardware platform based on ZigBee. Wireless temperature controller using ZigBee to build intelligent household heating control system. By CC2530 chip consis the core and related peripheral circuit. Interworking user can realize the information through the mobile comsts of wireless temperature controller hardware platform amunication network, Internet and intelligent household heating control system, Real-time monitoring of heating information home. Index Terms ZigBee, UC/OS II, CC2530 , Wireless controller hardware platform


Tarocco sweet orange has been cultivated in southern Italy for many centuries, but despite the occurrence of leaf flecking, psorosis bark scaling has never been reported. However, during recent surveys in Calabria and Sicily, bark scaling was observed in 14% of the 10-yrold Tarocco trees in an orchard in Sicily derived by topworking Clementine trees with budwood from symptomless 19-yr-old trees. Samples were collected and tested by ELISA for Citrus psorosis virus . The ones with bark scaling all tested positive, as did 60% of the samples from trees without


The water holding characteristics of litter layer on the land from the converting cropland into forest land project in Datong County in the upper reaches of the Yellow River are studied experimentally.As time lasts,the thickness of litter layer increases and the litter layer storage capacity increases from 4.19 to 59.91 t/hm2.The maximum water holding capacities in the undecomposed and half-decomposed litter layers for Picea crassifolia and Picea crassifolia + Betula platyphylla natural communities are 27.22 and 60.48 t/hm2,respectively.The minimum capacities for Picea crassifolia + Hippophae rhamnoides and Betula platyphylla + Populus cathayana+ Hippophae rhamnoides communities are 6.85 and 4.75 t/hm2,respectively.The correlation coefficient of the storage capacity is more than 0.96.The average thickness and water-holding ratio of litter layer for the artificial plant communities are 44.20% and 33.28% of those of natural plant communities.The relations of the water holding capacity to age of forest,biomass,thickness,and storage capacity reaches extremely significant level(a=0.01).


Between the titanium spinels with the composition of xCoO⋅(2-x)MgO⋅TiO2 and xCoO⋅(2-x)ZnO⋅TiO2, remarkable difference of the color development is observed, especially in Co2+ ions poor region. The former is bluish green, and the latter brown. The same phenomenon is observed between the other spinels with the composition of xCoO⋅(1-x)NiO⋅MgO⋅TiO2 and x CoO⋅(1-x)NiO⋅ZnO⋅TiO2, namely, the former bluish green and the latter greyish or brownish green. This is due to the strong tetrahedral preference of Zn2+ ions, as the result of which Co2+ ions become absent from tetrahedral interstices in the spinels of x CoO⋅(2-x)ZnO⋅TiO2 and x CoO⋅(1-x)NiO⋅ZnO⋅TiO2.To observe the influence of the preference of each cation such as Mg2+, Zn2+, Co2+ and Ni2+ upon the spinel formation and the color development, the gradual substitution of Zn2+ for Mg2+ in the spinels of CoO⋅MgO⋅TiO2, NiO⋅MgO⋅TiO2 and CoO⋅NiO⋅MgO⋅TiO2 systems was carried out. The components were mixed by wet, calcined. at 1300°C for one hour. The reflectance between 400-760mμ was measured by a selfrecording photoelectric spectrometer to represent the result by C. I. E. color specification, and X-ray analysis was carried out to observe the spinel formation and to calculate the lattice constant. The results were summarized as follows.1. CoO-MgO-ZnO-TiO2 system.The spinels with the composition of 0.2CoO⋅(1.8-x)MgO⋅xZnO⋅TiO2, 0.5CoO⋅(1.5-x)MgO⋅xZnO⋅TiO2 and CoO⋅(1-x)MgO⋅xZnO⋅TiO2 were prepared. The absorption of tetrahedral Co2+ ion was observed, and a deep absorption ranging about 550-680mμ, characteristic of it, was also revealed when x=0. But with increasing the amount of x, this deep absorption diminished, and a new absorption about 530mμ due to octahedral Co2+ ion appeared. The color became bluish green to brown at the composition in which the tetrahedral Mg2+ ions were completely replaced by Zn2+ ions. For example, in 0.5CoO⋅(1.5-x)MgO⋅xZnO⋅TiO2, the substitution proceeded as follows;Co0.5Mg0.5[MgTi]O4→Co0.5Zn0.5[MgTi]O4→Zn[Co0.5Zn0.5Ti)O4 (the bracket represents octahedral interstices). This substitution was reflected in the lattice constant too.2. NiO-MgO-ZnO-TiO2 systemThe spinels with the composition of 0.2NiO⋅(1.8-x)MgO⋅xZnO⋅TiO2 and NiO⋅(1-x)MgO⋅xZnO⋅TiO2 were prepared. According to Romeijn, Dunitz et al., Ni2+ ion has the strong octahedral preference, and in most cases does not occupy tetrahedral interstices owing to its electron configuration d8. In this case Ni2+ ions occupy octahedral interstices continually. Therefore, there is no difference in color development between the spinels in NiO-MgO-TiO2 and NiO-ZnO-TiO2 systems. NiO⋅MgO⋅TiO2 did not form the spinel structure owing to the difficulty of distribution of cations among tetrahedral and octahedral interstices in the spinel lattice. (Ni2+ and Ti4+ ions have octahedral preference, and Mg2+ ion is expected to be the same, because MgO is of


The national transportation network contains a significant number of highway and railway bridges. This research is intended to transform the use of precast/prestressed materials in the transportation infrastructure. Specifically it examines how nanoporous thin-films create a new jointing mechanism between precast concrete bridge components. Mechanical testing was conducted from which it was determined that these thin-films can increase the bonding strength of grout in joints. Preliminary durability testing was performed and showed these thin-films help strengthen the jointed area. Lastly, scanning electron microscopy was used to help better define the mechanism by which the thin-films improved the bonding strength of grout to hardened concrete.


This study investigated conventional and specialized universities' Vice-Chancellors' administrative effectiveness in Nigerian universities and to ascertain the significant difference between their administrative effectiveness. Three research questions were raised and answered and one hypothesis was formulated and tested. Out of the six geo-political zones in Nigeria, one i.e. the south-south comprising fifteen universities was used for the study. The population of the study was eight thousand two hundred and ninety seven academic staff out of which 830 made up the sample. The instrument used was the ViceChancellors Administrative Effectiveness Questionnaire. The instrument was pilot tested to ascertain the reliability. The reliability coefficient was 0.85. Three research questions were raised and answered. While the hypothesis was tested at 0.05 level of significant. The data was analyzed using t-test statistics. The result of the investigation revealed among others that Vice-Chancellors were very effective in their administrative functions. However, Vice-Chancellors were most effective in curriculum/instructional administrative functions and least effective in communication administrative functions. Based on the findings, some recommendations were made which include, among others, that; Administration of universities agencies in charge of university supervision and monitoring should endeavour to undertake periodic assessment of universities and try to regulate their programmes for higher effectiveness.


Stable silylene–isocyanide complexes [Tbt(Mes)SiCNAr (Ar = Tbt, Mes*; Tbt = 2,4,6-tris[bis(trimethylsilyl)methyl]phenyl; Mes = mesityl; Mes* = 2,4,6-tri-t-butylphenyl)] reacted with BH3·THF to give the first stable silylborane–isocyanide complexes [Tbt(Mes)SiHBH2CNAr]. The thermal equilibrium between Tbt(Mes)SiHBH2CNAr and TbtSiH2BH(Mes)CNAr was observed.


E rectile dysfunction (ED) is defined as the consistent inability to achieve or maintain an erection sufficient for satisfactory sexual relations. ED is a common global problem affecting an estimated 150 million men worldwide, and it is estimated that by the year 2025, 322 million men will be affected by this disease [1]. However, there are many limitations with the current medications available for the treatment of ED. A study by Carvalheira et al. found that of those patients who were prescribed a phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors (PDE5), only 45% were still using the medication over the 3-year follow-up period [2]. Of the patients that discontinued the PDE5, 38% reported the reason to be ineffectiveness of the drug. Over the past decade, there has been growing interest in the use of stem cells to treat ED. Stem cells are by definition capable of selfrenewal and differentiation into one or several more terminally differentiated phenotypes. Furthermore, (mesenchymal) stem cells (MSC) have been described as site-regulated "drugstores" in vivo as a result of the discovery of their potent trophic and immunomodulatory activities [3]. Unlike conventional treatments currently used for the treatment of ED, these properties render stem cell therapy an excellent candidate to offer a potent treatment and potentially a cure for the ED patient. Contemporarily, a major concern regarding stem cell therapy for ED is the inappropriate claim made by centers regarding the efficacy of stem cells for ED patients. The majority of the research conducted with stem cells for this indication has been in the preclinical investigational phase, and thus represents level 5 evidence at best. There has been only one published clinical trial with seven patients with diabetes suggesting some transient short-term benefits with umbilical cord stem cells to treat ED [4]. Despite the lack of clinical data, there are numerous centers throughout the world offering patients stem cells to treat this condition, charging cash for this treatment and in many cases not even offering true stem cells. The International Society for Cellular Therapy (ISCT) has recommended minimum criteria for defining multipotent human mesenchymal stem stromal cells. These cells must express CD105, CD73, and CD90, and they must lack expression of CD34, CD45, CD14, CD11b, CD79-α, CD19, and HLA-DR surface molecules. MSC must also differentiate into osteoblasts, chondroblasts, and adipocytes ex vivo. The concern is that many of the centers offering stem cell therapy for ED do not follow the recommended criteria set out by the ISCT, and these centers are not being monitored for what type of cells are actually being injected. The first stem cell study for the treatment of ED was published in 2004. This study was the only study to use embryonic stem cells to treat ED. There have up until now been a total of 34 published preclinical studies assessing stem cell therapy for ED. Of these studies, 19 have focused on cavernous nerve injury (CNI) and 10 focused on diabetes mellitus (DM). The majority of these studies have employed adipose-derived stem cells, and transplantation of the stem cells has mainly been performed via intracavernous injection. Some studies have attempted alternative strategies such as peri-prostatic application (either or not linked to a scaffold) and intravenous injection. 1105


A RISC CMOS superscalar microprocessor, operating at 75 MHz, executes up to four instructions per clock cycle, totalling 300M instructions per second. The chip implements a 64 b architecture and includes a 64 b integer pipeline, 16 kB instruction cache (Icache), 16 kB data cache (Dcache), 1 k entries of branch cache (Bcache) for branch prediction and a 384 entry translation lookaside buffer (TLB). The chip has a separate floating-point unit (FPU) with maximum performance of 300MFLOPS. The FPU is fed by two 64 b-wide banks of external cache configurable from one to 16 MB. The chip set has a mechanism for treating 32 b operation as a subset of the 64 b architecture and supports multi-processing. The chip is fabricated in 0.5 /spl mu/m CMOS with triple layer metal, double poly Si for high density cache and triple-well. The die is 17.34/spl times/17.30 mm/sup 2/ and includes 2.6 M transistors. The package is a 59 1-pin CPGA with 382 signal pins. Power dissipation is 13 W from a 3.3 V supply at 75 MHz.<<ETX>>


Purpose of the research work. To study the issue of providing paid medical services to convicts in the penal correction system institutions. Novelty: There was conducted a case study among prisoners, medical workers of public and private sectors, as well as medical workers of the Federal Penitentiary Service. Methodology of the research work. There are presented the results of the study of the legal acts that regulate paid medical services provision and the data of the survey conducted among convicts and health care providers. There has been used the method of peer review based on the survey of the FPS physicians. Results. There have been determined the major legal and institutional problems of the provision of paid medical services to convicts in penitentiary facilities and ways of their solution. Practical implication: These results can be used to develop regulations and civil contracts for the provision of paid medical services to convicts in the penal correction system institutions.


TPS7076Background: Persistence of leukemic stem cells is an important cause of relapse in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). CD123 (α-chain of the interleukin-3 receptor) is highly express...


Objective: To provide information and recommendations to facilitate decision-making when a mammographic abnormality is detected by screening. Evidence: References identified by use of MEDLINE, AIDSLINE, CANCERLIT and reference lists of review articles to December 1996. Where experimental evidence is lacking, recommendations are based on expert opinion. The evidence is graded accordingly in "levels" (page S2). Benefits: Exclusion or confirmation of the presence of cancer with minimum intervention and delay. Recommendations: • When an abnormality is detected on screening mammography, clinical evaluation and thorough radiologic work-up are needed to determine its significance. • Clinical evaluation should include a history and a thorough examination of the breast, axilla and supraclavicular areas. • In the radiologic work-up, diagnostic mammograms should be obtained with additional views, spot compression and magnification views as appropriate. • Current mammograms should be compared with previous mammograms whenever possible. • The mammographic report should include a precise description of the abnormal features visualized and an estimate of the level of suspicion of cancer they imply. • Whenever there is any doubt in the interpretation of mammograms, the interpretation of 2 experienced readers should be obtained. (The following radiologic classification into 4 categories is suggested: 1 — benign, not due to cancer; 2 — low risk, probability of cancer under 2%; 3 — intermediate risk, probability of cancer 2% to 10%; 4 — high risk, probability of cancer over 10%.) • Ultrasonography can be used to clarify the nature of noncalcified nodular lesions. • Management decisions require close communication between the woman and her physicians. Throughout, a clinician in charge should be identified who will coordinate and transmit all decisions. Management will depend on the estimated level of risk • Category 1 abnormalities require no further investigation. • Category 2 abnormalities may be followed up by periodic mammographic and clinical examinations. • Follow-up examination of category 2 abnormalities should be carried out at approximately 6 and 12 months. If the abnormality is stable, examination should be repeated annually for 2 to 3 years thereafter. • The rationale of follow-up should be explained, and women should be made aware that it is not possible to provide complete assurance that an abnormality is benign. • Category 3 abnormalities usually require image-guided fine-needle or core biopsy. • Every image-guided needle biopsy should be accompanied by a full report. • Category 4 abnormalities should usually be excised. This may be preceded by imageguided needle biopsy. • When surgical biopsy is carried out, the margins of the resected specimen must be free of tumour. • The intact pathology specimen should be examined radiographically to confirm that all mammographic abnormalities have been removed. • The patient should be kept fully informed as to the reason for each test and the meaning of its results. The process, from initial detection of the mammographic abnormality to the final management decision, should be completed as rapidly as possible. Validation: The guidelines were reviewed and revised by a writing committee, expert primary reviewers, secondary reviewers selected from all regions of Canada and by the Steering Committee. The final guidelines reflect a consensus of all these contributors. Sponsor: The Steering Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Care and Treatment of Breast Cancer was convened by Health Canada. Completion date: July 1, 1997 Special Supplement See page S83 for a list of the members of the Steering Committee See page S13 for the names of those who also contributed to the authorship of this document This guideline has been peer reviewed. As the use of mammographic screening increases, more radiographic abnormalities are being detected in apparently normal, healthy women. Although most of these abnormalities turn out not to be due to cancer, all of them cause anxiety. Therefore, each time an abnormality is detected on a screening mammogram it is important that a diagnosis be made as soon as possible with the minimum of anxiety, pain and inconvenience to the patient. Once a screening mammogram is reported to show an abnormality, a physical examination of the breast is required, along with a thorough radiologic work-up. (When a breast lump is detected the investigative steps are different, as described in guideline 1: "The palpable breast lump: information and recommendations to assist decision-making when a breast lump is detected.") The objective of the radiologic work-up of a nonpalpable mammographic abnormality is to produce an accurate description of the abnormality and an estimate of the level of suspicion of cancer, based on highquality diagnostic mammograms. With this information, the decision can then be taken whether to ignore the abnormality, to follow it up with periodic clinical and mammographic examinations or to carry out a biopsy of the abnormality.


Abstract Alpha ketoglutaric acid is a biological compound found naturally in the human body. It plays an important role in the cell metabolism and has a role in various metabolic pathways including Kreb's cycle, protein metabolism and so on. Keto glutaric acid is chemically prepared from succinic acid and oxalic acid. It is a direct precursor of glutamic acid and triazines. It can be produced by oxidative decarboxylation of isocitrate by isocitrate dehydrogenase. The yeast Yarrowia lipolytica is used as a prospective producer of alpha ketoglutaric acid from ethanol. The capability to synthesize Keto glutaric acid has so far been investigated for many microorganisms such as Pseudomonas fluoroscens , Bacillus subtilis etc. P. fluoroscens have the ability to synthesize a huge amount of alpha ketoglutaric acid in a glycerol medium supplemented with manganese (Mn). The Mangnese has a significant impact on glycerol metabolism resulting in the buildup of alpha ketoglutaric acid. The metabolism of succinate may result in the production of alpha ketoglutarate. Despite its importance in TCA cycle, alpha ketoglutaric acid buildup as an intermediate product of bacterial glucose oxidation. Along with chemical synthesis and microbial fermentation, enzymatic transformation can also be used to produce alpha ketoglutaric acid. Biodiesel waste is considered as cheap and renewable carbon source for the development of alpha ketoglutaric acid. Alpha ketoglutarate is used for kidney disease, intestinal and stomach disorders and many other conditions. It also plays an important role in the food industry as food and nutrient enhancers. The review is covering all the aspects related with the Alpha ketoglutaric acid production, utilization and product recovery.


Semiconductor optical amplifiers used for efficient wavelength conversion up to 4 Gb/s are discussed. The rise and fall times as well as extinction ratio are experimentally analyzed. System performance at 4 Gb/s is evaluated showing a penalty of only 1.5 dB for the converted signal for conversion over 17 nm.<<ETX>>


Carbon-rich evolved stars from the asymptotic giant branch to the planetary nebula phase are characterized by a rich and complex carbon chemistry in their circumstellar envelopes. A peculiar object is the preplanetary nebula SMP LMC 11, whose Spitzer Infrared Spectrograph spectrum shows remarkable and diverse molecular absorption bands. To study how the molecular composition in this object compares to our current understanding of circumstellar carbon chemistry, we modeled this molecular absorption. We find high abundances for a number of molecules, perhaps most notably benzene. We also confirm the presence of propyne (CH3C2H) in this spectrum. Of all the cyanopolyynes, only HC3N is evident; we can detect at best a marginal presence of HCN. From comparisons to various chemical models, we can conclude that SMP LMC 11 must have an unusual circumstellar environment (a torus rather than an outflow).


The study employed a treatment effect model in estimating factors that influence perception and coping strategies to climate variability. A simple random technique in selecting six (6) communities and respondents (cocoa farmers) from these communities was used since the study area is homogeneously a cocoa growing arena. A total of one hundred and twenty (120) respondents were interviewed with twenty (20) cocoa farmers randomly selected from each community for the study. From the result, 48.33% of respondents perceived climate variability correctly (thus rainfall is decreasing while temperature is increasing) whiles 51.67% perceived otherwise. The factors that significantly influenced farmer's perception were FBO membership, household size, residence, educational level of household members and farm management training. The assessment of farmers' perception on temperature and rainfall pattern and to unravel farmers' perception on climate variability are fallouts of the objectives of the study. The significant adjustment techniques embraced by the agriculturists were pesticides application, planting enhanced assortments, blended planting and changing planting dates. Agriculturists' observation was found to positively affect their adjustment. The study concluded that farmers in the study area are involved in specialization of the adaptation strategies to mitigate the adverse impacts of climate variability.


One of the supports for the economy in Jambi province is the Shopping Center Development of shopping centers. Jambi Town Square Mall is one of the shopping centers in the City of Jambid with the Jambi Town Square Mall resulting in an additional volume of traffic on Jalan Kapten A. Bakarrudin No 88 Sipin Jambi City which causes a decrease in the performance of Jalan Kapten A. Bakarrudin No 88 Sipin.
From the results of a field survey carried out for four days, the peak of the vehicle attraction at Jambi Town Square Mall on Monday 12 August 2020 at 19.00 WIB - 20.00 WIB was 415 vehicles / hour, Saturday 15 August 2020 at 19.00 WIB - 20.00 WIB as many as 421 vehicles / hour, Sunday, August 16 2020 at 19.00 WIB - 20.00 WIB, 596 vehicles / hour, Tuesday 375 vehicles / hour. The peak of the Jambi Town Square Mall Vehicle awakening is on Wednesday 12 August 2020 at 20.00 WIB - 21.00 WIB with a total of 411 vehicles / hour. Saturday 15 August 2020 at 20.00 WIB - 21.00 WIB with a total of 475 vehicles / hour, Sunday 16 August 2020 at 17.00 WIB - 18.00 WIB with a total of 521 vehicles / hour, Tuesday, August 18 2020 at 20.00 WIB - 21.00 WIB with a total of 469 vehicles / hour, the highest DS value is 1.028 at 17.00 WIB - 18.00 WIB


Sci-Tech intermediaries is an important part of the modern service sector.In China,the overall level of service capabilities of Sci-Tech intermediaries system is far from enough to meet the needs of innovational nation construction.Theoretically,this paper defines the innovation service model of sci-tech intermediaries,analyzes the constituent elements and influencing factors of innovation service model,and points out the basic types of innovation service model.


This paper describes a Design Workshop course offered at the Electrical and Computer Engineering Department (ECE) at the University of Minnesota Duluth (UMD). The workshop course is one mechanism by which students completing the ECE program at UMD can satisfy the requirement for a senior design project. The design workshop topic for the fall 2010 was the use of fuzzy logic to control comfort in solar home. The workshop is described. The project work is evaluated during the process as well as the final results using principle based on Problem Based and Project Organized Learning (PBL). The results show that the students learning outcome has been very high.


Background New‐generation drug‐eluting stents (DES) reduce target‐vessel revascularization compared with bare‐metal stents (BMS), and recent data suggest that DES have the potential to decrease the risk of myocardial infarction and cardiovascular mortality. We evaluated the treatment effect of DES versus BMS according to the target artery (left anterior descending [LAD] and/or left main [LM] versus other territories [no‐LAD/LM]). Methods and Results The Coronary Stent Trialist (CST) Collaboration gathered individual patient data of randomized trials of DES versus BMS for the treatment of coronary artery disease. The primary outcome was the composite of cardiac death or myocardial infarction. Hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% CIs were derived from a 1‐stage individual patient data meta‐analysis. We included 26 024 patients across 19 trials: 13 650 (52.4%) in the LAD/LM and 12 373 (47.6%) in the no‐LAD/LM group. At 6‐year follow‐up, there was strong evidence that the treatment effect of DES versus BMS depended on the target vessel (P‐interaction=0.024). Compared with BMS, DES reduced the risk of cardiac death or myocardial infarction to a greater extent in the LAD/LM (HR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.68–0.85) than in the no‐LAD/LM territories (HR, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.83–1.05). This benefit was driven by a lower risk of cardiac death (HR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.70–0.98) and myocardial infarction (HR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.65–0.85) in patients with LAD/LM disease randomized to DES. An interaction (P=0.004) was also found for all‐cause mortality with patients with LAD/LM disease deriving benefit from DES (HR, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.76–0.97). Conclusions As compared with BMS, new‐generation DES were associated with sustained reduction in the composite of cardiac death or myocardial infarction if used for the treatment of LAD or left main coronary stenoses. Registration URL: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO; Unique identifier: CRD42017060520.


Identifying general principles for neuron-type specification programs remains a major challenge. Here we performed RNA interference (RNAi) screen against all 875 transcription factors (TFs) encoded in Caenorhabditis elegans genome to systematically investigate the complexity of neuron-specification regulatory networks. Using this library, we screened for defects in nine different neuron types of the monoaminergic (MA) superclass and two cholinergic motorneurons to search for common themes underlying neuron specification.We identified more than 90 TF candidates to be involved in neuron specification, of which 28 were also confirmed by mutant analysis. Correct specification of each individual neuron type requires at least nine different TFs. Individual neuron types do not usually share TFs involved in their specification but share a common pattern of involved TF families, composed mainly by five out of more than fifty in C. elegans: Homeodomain (HD), basic Helix Loop Helix (bHLH), Zinc Finger (ZF), Basic Leucine Zipper Domain (bZIP) and Nuclear Hormone Receptors (NHR). In addition, we studied terminal differentiation complexity focusing on the dopaminergic terminal regulatory program. We found three TFs (UNC-62, VAB-3 and MEF-2) that work together with the three known dopaminergic terminal selectors (AST-1, CEH-43, CEH-20). This complex combination of TFs provides genetic robustness and imposes a specific gene regulatory signature enriched in the regulatory regions of dopamine effector genes. Our results provide new insights on neuron-type regulatory programs in C. elegans that could help better understand neuron specification and the evolution of neuron types.


Objective
To evaluate the change of central retinal artery pressure after the surgery for carotid artery stenosis.

Methods
The prospective clinical study included fifty patients with severe carotid artery stenosis who received carotid stenting (CAS)(n=18) or carotid endarterectomy (CEA)(n=32)treatment.Of all subjects the diastolic central retinal artery pressure (diastCRAP) of both eyes were tested before and 1 day after the carotid surgery using a new Goldmann contact lens associated ophthalmodynamometer. The preoperative and postoperative diastolic central retinal artery pressure were compared.

Results
Before carotid artery stenosis surgery, the mean diastolic central retinal artery pressure in operation side was(37.8±13.04)mmHg, and in no operation side was(44.62±15.51) mmHg. After the carotid artery stenosis surgery, the mean diastolic central retinal artery pressure in operation side was (59.01±10.70) mmHg, and in no operation side was(44.22±15.04) mmHg. In operation side, the postoperative diastolic central retinal artery pressure was significantly higher than the preoperative one (t=1.877, P=0.000)and in no operation side, there was no statistically significant difference in diastCRAP between before and after the surgery (t=2.023, P=0.895).

Conclusion
A simple and new Goldmann contact lens associated ophthalmodynamometer can observe and assess the effect of carotid artery stenosis surgery on improving the central retinal artery perfusion.

Key words:
Central retinal artery pressure; Surgery, carotid artery stenosis; Ophthalmodynamometry


Recent research suggests that informal caregivers of people with dementia (ICs) experience more cognitive deficits than noncaregivers. The reason for this is not yet clear. Objective: to test the hypothesis that ICs 'mirror' the cognitive deficits of the demented people they care for. Participants and methods: 105 adult ICs were asked to complete three neuropsychological tests: letter fluency, category fluency, and the logical memory test from the WMS-III. The ICs were grouped according to the diagnosis of their demented patients. One-sample ttests were conducted to investigate if the standardized mean scores (t-scores) of the ICs were different from normative data. A Bonferroni correction was used to correct for multiple comparisons. Results: 82 ICs cared for people with Alzheimer's dementia and 23 ICs cared for people with vascular dementia. Mean letter fluency score of the ICs of people with Alzheimer's dementia was significantly lower than the normative mean letter fluency score, p = .002. The other tests yielded no significant results. Conclusion: our data shows that ICs of Alzheimer patients have cognitive deficits on the letter fluency test. This test primarily measures executive functioning and it has been found to be sensitive to mild cognitive impairment in recent research. Our data tentatively suggests that ICs who care for Alzheimer patients also show signs of cognitive impairment but that it is too early to tell if this is cause for concern or not.


The computerized education system which is introduced in this paper is called AURIS. "AURIS", is developed to improve verbal communication skills of hearing impaired children. AURIS, which is the software combining both visual and audio technology; has been designed as an elementary supplement to strengthen the learning system and in a way that would support the education of hearing impaired children. AURIS has been tested for hearing impaired preschool children, who are in the age group of 2 and 6 years with hearing aids or cochlear implant and children who are unimplantable. In this paper, impact of AURIS as a computer supported educational tool on preschool children with hearing loss and on their learning, hearing and speaking improvement has been investigated. ICL 2009 Proceedings Page 427 Conference ICL2009 September 23 -25, 2009 Villach, Austria 2(7) 1 The Role of Computer in Preschool Education As the number of computer aided education software is in a steady increase, the opportunity to evaluate the success of computer aided education is rising up. Using computer as a tool in order to improve language learning, computer environment for preschool children is also becoming increasingly popular and their role in child development is investigated [1]. Research results show that the computer aided education is more successful than the traditional education . Furthermore, this kind of learning is more enjoyable and long-lasting. 2 Benefits of Computer Aided Education for Hearing Impaired Children The function of any organ missing in our body is undertaken by other organs. As the auditory sensitivity of visually impaired person increases, the eyesight of hearing impaired person develops much more than individuals who can hear normally. People with bilateral profound hearing impaired, while do not hear the words, communicate through lipreading; in a way "they hear by seeing". Since the computers provide a visual environment, it is an attractive and pleasant device for the hearing impaired. Computer assisted instruction offers interactive, customizable, and measurable training environment for disabled children at language learning . The education of hearing impaired people, which is very difficult, can also be made much more easily through this aspect of computers. 2.1 The Difficulties in Education of the Hearing Impaired Children Even early identified infants, at the age of 12 to 16 months old, with moderate to profound hearing loss exhibit delayed receptive and expressive language skills in oral and sign languages . Considering that healthy babies start to hear in 5 month inside the mother's womb, it is evident that the hearing impaired children are at least 2 years behind of their peers with normal hearing. The difference in terms of language acquisition between hearing loss children and hearing coevals gets greater as time passes. Hearing impaired children typically exhibit extra literacy difficulties . The reading skills of hearing impaired children have typically been delayed and this delay has been found to increase with age . As the learning capacity decreases every passing day, the difference between him/her and his/her peers will increase and compensation will be impossible. "Cochlear implanted hearing impairment users were well integrated into the hearing world. .... However, their career perspectives are still not satisfying ". Hearing impaired children, at about 2 and 3 years old, do not experience the same language acquisition phase as their normal peers even they have cochlear implant or use conventional hearing devices. Unless a verbal communication education is given they can not communicate orally. The first word they learn is named as the "key word" . "Key word" opens the gate to the world of normal hearing people. All the words they will learn afterwards would be built on such a key word. Learning such key word takes months. This is a very tiring process for the educators in that they repeat the same word to teach persistently. Its difficulty is obvious ICL 2009 Proceedings Page 428 Conference ICL2009 September 23 -25, 2009 Villach, Austria 3(7) thinking of saying a ball for 92 times only in 5 minutes in one session . This education is not only difficult but also time consuming for both children and educators. In brief, the difficulties could be summarized as bellow: • Difficulty in explaining abstract concepts, actions and time concepts, • Inability to understand the word (concept) when used in a sentence, • Situations where it is difficult to make materials available with respect to the subject to be explained, • Forgetting what was taught quickly, • Necessity to make so many repetitions, • Rapid distraction of interest in the classical explanation because they do not hear properly As a result, hearing impaired children need to be supported with special supplemental education continuously, especially during the pre-school period when the intelligence and language development is at its maximum. 2.2 The Role of Computer in Hearing Impaired Children's Education Computer is beneficial in all the fields we listed above as: • Concepts that are difficult to be taught (actions, abstract concepts) can be presented easily • Interest can be kept active all the time through animations and simulations • Various options can be presented when repetition is needed and thus same information can be repeated without boring • The opportunity for correcting the faults is provided by presenting visually through audio analysis graphics in remedying speech disorder (pronunciation) 3 The Role of AURIS in Hearing Impaired Children's Education AURIS is a computer aided instructional tool developed to improve the verbal communication skills of the hearing impaired children who children who usually have difficulties in language learning. And this tool is expected to be useful and enjoyable for both the child and the educator. The hearing impaired children just start to perceive the voices at a stage when healthy babies learn to talk. This is a period when both the auditory and mental development process is ongoing for the hearing impaired children. Hearing impaired child starts to learn the concepts and to perceive the voice simultaneously. In this respect, the education of preschool hearing impaired children is a very complicated and difficult process in that they start to perceive voices through cochlear implant or hearing aids; the concept teaching and language acquisition are handled together; and this process should be continued by considering their mental development process compared to their peers. AURIS is implemented based on the principle of teaching a concept (a key word) for preschool children who can not even talk. The design of AURIS based on a principle: while teaching a concept, teach also the language by hearing and seeing with the visual and audio support of computer (Figure 1, Figure2). ICL 2009 Proceedings Page 429 Conference ICL2009 September 23 -25, 2009 Villach, Austria 4(7) Figure 1: Teaching the concept "Ball" Figure 2: Articulation training (Sound graph of correct pronunciation in software on the left side-child's pronunciation in last session) 3.1 Practical Sessions AURIS has been tested on 5 preschool hearing impaired children. The age range of these children was in 2-6 years. For each child, there were four sections which were recorded by video and microphone. • Before this testing, every child was evaluated regarding their language levels using Preschool Language Scale-Version 4 (PLS-4). Receptive and Expressive communication level was evaluated and the results are presented in (Table 1). • Initial Evaluation Section: Before we started the study, we also scored the perceptual and expressive language level of each child. o We tested whether the children knew the key words that were planned to be taught with AURIS o We tested their ability to pronounce the key words o We tested their ability to study with the computer • Training Sections 1, 2, 3, 4: Each Section consisted of 20 minutes theoretical and 20 minutes practical sessions. In practical sessions, computer based education and training is applied with the AURIS. ICL 2009 Proceedings Page 430 Conference ICL2009 September 23 -25, 2009 Villach, Austria 5(7) Table 1: Properties of Hearing Impaired Children N u m b er Child Age of Child PLS Degree of Hearing Loss Y ea r i m p la n te d A n o th er H a n d ic a p p ed R ec ep ti v e co m p re h en si o n


The present invention is directed to a high affinity T cell receptor (TCR) against a tumor-associated antigen, an isolated nucleic acid molecule encoding same, a T cell expressing said TCR, and a pharmaceutical composition for use in the treatment of diseases involving malignant cells expressing said tumor-associated antigen.


Finance,the core of the modern economic system,plays an important role in the course of agricultural industrialization.The finance support for agricultural industrialization in developed countries is an integral part of this course,which fully develops into an agricultural system mainly constituting the agricultural support,cooperative organizations and commercial banks.In this paper,the practices of finance support for agricultural industrialization and its implications for Fujian were summarized,and the countermeasures to promote the development of finance support for agricultural industrialization in Fujian were put forward.


This paper analyzes WEP (Wired Equivalent Privacy) in IEEE 802.11 WLAN stan-
dard and its weakness on encryption and authentication. SPRNG uses synchronized pseudo random
number generation to generate authenticator variables and fresh encryption keys per frame. In this
paper, the implementation complexity and security of the protocol based on mutual authentication
and encryption is presented.


In the present paper, core collection of rice germplasms which are resistant to different biotypes of rice brown planthopper(BPH) and rice gall midge(GM) were generally evaluated by means of the grey correlative degree.The results indicated that correlative degree of IR29692-99-3-2-1,IR36,RP1579-1862-72-31-52,DUO KANG No.1 with standard variety (Yuexiangzhan) was the biggest value among core collection which was resistant to BPH biotype Ⅱ,moderately resistant to biotype Ⅱ,resistant to biotype Bangladesh,resistant to rice gall midge China type Ⅳ respectively. Four varieties can be selected firstly in the breeding of resistance to the BPH and GM.


Abstract This article examines 'Fourth Generation Warfare' (4GW), a theory of how warfare has evolved and is evolving, from the perspective of military history. The author makes three primary claims: 4GW advocates' boxing of history into 'generations' is logically and temporally inconsistent; 4GW authors misuse history by selectively choosing case studies and applying them out of context; and other arguments regarding the current and future character of warfare are more convincing. The author concludes that scholars and policymakers would be well served by considering elements of 4GW, particularly its analysis of insurgency, but that the concept should be subsumed by a broader US grand strategy that retains a strong focus on preparation for conventional warfare.


This paper analyzes the capability of Japanese and European multinational companies (MNCs) to absorb technological knowledge from the United States through their R&D operation in the US. Employing the notion of "absorptive capacity", we define the capability of a firm to absorb technological knowledge from abroad as "absorptive capability (AC)." We examine the components of AC and their interrelationships using patent and sales data in the context of R&D management of Japanese and European MNCs at home and in the US.


Improved forage management can support increased production in smallholder beef systems. Our objective was to evaluate the effects of mineral nitrogen (urea) and composted cattle manure on Brachiaria cv. Mulato II yield and nutritive value in south-central coastal Vietnam. Study design was a randomized complete block on six farms (blocks), with treatments derived from the factorial combination of five rates of composted cattle manure (0, 4, 8, 12 and 24 Mg DM ha -1 year -1 ) and three urea rates (0, 60 and 120 kg N ha -1 year -1 ), split into six yearly applications. Yield was measured from 2011 to 2013 with 36-day average harvest intervals. Forage nutritive value was measured in September 2011 and December 2012. Highest yields were achieved when both compost and urea were applied at high rates. The initial yield and tiller responses to urea application were not sustained over the duration of the study when no compost was applied. Compost applied in isolation did not increase yield. Compost application increased ash concentration. Urea increased nutrient yield for all forage nutritive value parameters measured. Composted cattle manure combined with urea benefits grass yield, but high application rates are needed for sustained high yields on sandy soils.


Plaque formation by lactic streptococcus bacteriophage has been studied by Cherry and Watson (1949) and by Turner and Nelson (1951), and these workers have developed two-layer agar plate methods for plaque enumeration. Cherry and Watson used only one bacteriophage strain in their investigations and reported that although a quantitative estimation of the number of phage particles in an inoculum could be obtained by their procedure this estimation was considerably below the bacteriophage titer of the same material as determined by a limiting dilution technique. Turner and Nelson found that for optimum plaque formation of three of the five bacteriophage strains studied inclusion of milk in the overlay of plates was required. With milk present their method gave plaque counts that agreed quite closely with results obtained by a limiting dilution technique. However, even under the most satisfactory conditions, several bacteriophage strains failed to produce countable plaques. Recently the effects of calcium on lactic streptococcus bacteriophage have been noted. Shew (1949) and Reiter (1949) observed that the addition of calciuim chloride to solid media resulted in improved plaque formation by several strains of lactic streptococcus bacteriophage, using a smear technique. Collins et al. (1950) found that in a chemically defined medium eight of ten lactic streptococcus bacteriophage strains required soluble calcium to multiply on their growing host cells. In the present investigation plaque formation in the presence of various calcium concentrations has been studied with eleven strains of lactic streptococcus bacteriophage. A plaque plating procedure which applies the data on calcium requirements has permitted estimation of the numbers of these bacteriophage particles with a high degree of reproducibility.


Nanofabrication using focused-ion-beam (FIB) technique has made it possible to fabricate various nano-structures where electrons exhibit low dimensionality and/or the Coulomb blockade effect [l]. However, single-electron effects are normally observed in these structures only at very low temperature, since the room temperatureoperation is possible only in nm-size devices. Here, we investigate effects of implanted impurities on the transport of AlGaAdGaAs FET by measuring its voltage-current characteristics after FIB implantation with high dose (>10'5cm-2) Ga ions. As the dose increases, the Ga ions are expected to form gallium nanocrystals in the vicinity of projected raqge (Rp) which trap electrons between the channel and the control gate. This process is interesting as .a new phenomenon in nano-structures and may be important as a method to form new single electronmemory devices at room temperature. In this work, we show that a novel memory function can be achieved by using the charge-transfer process between FIB-induced Ga-nanocrystals and a nearby channel. Samples used for transport properties are prepared on a modulation-doped GaAs/AlGaAs single heterostructure grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) on a (001) oriented GaAs substrate. The implantation is performed at room temperature using the lOOkV focused Ga ion beam and 2 ~ 1 0 ' ~ c m ~ dose density. Figure l(a) shows a schematic view of the device structure used in the experiment. It has a channel whose nominal width (W) and length (L) are both 1 ,U m. lOOkV Ga+ ions focused to a spot size of 0.2 , U m are implanted (black lines in Fig. l(b)). The effective channel confined by FIB induced depletion layers is less than 0.2 ,U m. We investigate the drain current Id and the device capacitance C as a function of gate voltage Vg. The reproducible hysteresis is measured on the current (Id)-voltage (Vg) experiments when the control gate voltage is swept back and forth with respect to the source (Fig.2). No hysteresis has been observed in other Ga beam induced FETs fabricated in the same process with a low dose density. There is a possibility that heavy dose of Ga ions has led to the formationof Ga-nanocrystals near the channel (Fig. 1 (c)).Therefore, it is likely that the hysteresis is caused by the charge transfer between Ga-nanocrystals and the effective channel. Note that Ga nanocrystals are formed on the channel due to the unfocused ions and/or lateral spreading of scattered ions. Ga nanocrystals produced as an three-dimensionally confined quantum dot embedded in a capacitor, separated from effectivechannel by a shottky barrier and from the other by a non-doped AlGaAs spacer layer. In this memory device the potentialchange elc associated with the transfer of a single electron is a non-negligible quantity This transistor, in which channel region is locally constricted by highdose Ga-FIB implantation, may, therefore, operate as a kind of single-electron memory device at room temperature with controllable injection, storage, and removal of an electron from Gananocrystals. The injection of an electron occurs from the laterally confined channel via direct tunneling only when the control gate is forward biased with respect to the source and drain. Then the stored charge screens the control gate charge and decreases the conduction in the channel as the threshold voltage of the transistor gets more positive. In summary, a memory effect caused by the direct tunneling into FIB induced nanocrystals is found to yield a hysteresis in the conduction of GaAdAlGaAs FETs. [ l ] Y Hirayama, K. Ploog : J. Appl. Phys. 72, p3022 (1992).


Introduction. The increase in the incidence of cardiovascular pathology (CP) on the background of the increasing extremity of environmental factors observed in recent years requires careful analysis of the relationship between the population's appealability of this pathology for medical assistance and factors of terrestrial and space weather in various climatic and geographical conditions. Material and methods. A retrospective analysis of the frequency of ambulance calls (AC) to CP patients, living in the foothill areas, relative to concomitant meteo- and geliogeomagnetic factors was carried out. Results. There are gender-specific, as well as seasonally specific correlations between the nosologies studied (transitory ischemic attacks (TIA), Ischemic Cardiac Disease (ICD) due to angina) and investigated factors. Significant fluctuations of these factors, their sharp inter-day fluctuations, and interaction effects contribute to an increase in the frequency of calls to the ambulance. In the dynamics of the frequency of calls, the presence of the seasonal component is traced with an emphasis on the winter period, when a spastic type of weather is formed against the background of a decrease in the average daily temperature and an increase in the atmospheric pressure, which has a negative effect on the cardiovascular system, increases risk of cardiovascular accidents. Patients with TIA have high values of systolic BP, Diastolic BP, Pulsed BP, mean BP. Against the background of "acute" meteorological conditions (IWP > 25), Diastolic BP increases, even more, the systolic and cardiac output is significantly reduced. In ICD patients, suffering from angina attacks, the maximum number of ambulance calls is recorded during the winter period due to the negative impact of both the temperature factor and the entire complex of meteorological factors in general. Attacks occurrence in the summer is minimal. Conclusion. The data obtained allows predicting the adverse effects of the terrestrial and space weather impact on the human cardiovascular system and taking preventive measures in a timely manner.


: Codoping TiO 2 with nonmetals is one of the strategies that is used to make these materials sensitive to visible light. In this work, we obtained phosphorus and nitrogen codoped TiO 2 nanoparticles by sol-gel method using H 3 PO 4 , NH 4 OH and Ti (IV) isopropoxide as precursors. As prepared sample were calcined at different temperatures, and the obtained samples were characterized by using different techniques. XRD analysis reveals the retarded phase transition by increased thermal stability and decreased particle size due to codoping. UV-Vis absorption spectra of the co-doped samples show redshift in their absorption edge due to doping of nitrogen and phosphorus. From XPS measurements, it is clear that nitrogen enters into interstitial sites of titania and phosphorus exists in a pentavalent oxidation state by replacing part of lattice Ti 4+ by the formation of Ti-O-P bonds. Low temperature (77K) EPR studies with in situ visible high irradiation (>400nm) on the samples heated at different temperatures exhibit signals due to N˙, NO and the radicals formed due to photogenerated holes trapped at different sites in these samples. Effect of heating temperature on these EPR signals has been studied in detail. EPR data reveals the enhanced charge separation as evidenced by the increased hole signal intensity and this enhanced charge separation plays important role in the photocatalytic activity of these samples.


Characteristics of natural killer-like cells (NK-like cells) in carp (Cyprinus carpio) were studied by 51Cr-release assay. Among cells examined, K562 cells (human erythroleukemic cells) were found to be the most suitable as target cells for NK assay in carp. Pre-incubation of the leucocytes from head kidney and peripheral blood enhanced NK activity. Leucocytes from the head kidney and kidney showed the highest NK activity and those from peripheral blood, thymus and spleen followed in the order. The cold target inhibition test indicated that carp NK-like cells consist of more than one population for target recognition.


This paper presents a diffusion model of the attack of acidic water on concrete, and describes some tests that allow the quantitative estimate of the loss of mortar and concrete to be expected in a chemical attack by water containing lime-dissolving carbon dioxide (carbonic acid). Experiments, based on the mathematical model, show how to estimate the loss of concrete to be expected under practical conditions. The relevant parameters are: (1) the type and concentration of acid solution; (2) the composition of the concrete; and (3) the stability of the protection layer. It was found that: (1) exposure to lime- dissolving carbonic acid leads to the formation of a protective layer consisting of gel-like silicon dioxide; (2) in the presence of an intact protective layer, the loss of concrete is proportional to the square root of exposure time; (3) the concrete is removed faster if the protective layer is destroyed mechanically; (4) disturbance of the protective layer, even if only at relatively long intervals, can be much more damaging than increase in acid concentration; (5) the tests described, involving stripping of the protective layer at regular intervals, permit long-term estimates of masses of concrete removed by other acids; and (6) future design standards should consider the factors affecting the loss of concrete caused by acid attack in greater detail. For the covering abstract of the conference see IRRD 858334. The French title of this paper is:- Usure du beton par de l'eau acide. The German title of this paper is:- Betonabtrag durch saure Waesser.


Oral hygiene maintenance is important to maintain optimal oral health. Oral health is affected by dysbiotic oral microflora in the dental plaque. Virulent factors of pathogenic organisms, such as gingipain, are responsible for tissue degradation and host tissue invasion in periodontal disease. We sought to investigate the distribution of gingipain genotypes (rgpA and kgp) of P. gingivalis in patients with chronic periodontitis and healthy individuals. The study included individuals positive for P. gingivalis, with 95 samples in the chronic periodontitis (CP) group and 35 samples in the healthy (H) group. We found that kgp-I and kgp-II types were prevalent in 67.36% and 32.64% of the samples in the CP group, respectively. In the H group, kgp-II was highly prevalent (97.14%). The rgpA genotype, type A was found in 78.95% and 82.85% of the samples in the CP and H group, respectively. The mean level of PD and CAL were increased in the presence of kgp-I and decreased in the presence of kgp-II. The mean level of P. gingivalis was increased in the presence of kgp-I and rgpA, type A. Our results show that kgp-I and kgp-II are strongly associated with disease and health condition, respectively.


The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ability of dynamic microbubble contrast‐enhanced sonography (MCES), in comparison with dynamic contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE‐MRI) and fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG‐PET), to quantitatively characterize tumor perfusion in implanted murine tumors before and after treatment with a variety of regimens.


In the enantiopure crystal of the title compound, C4H10NO3 +·Cl−, intermolecular O—H⋯Cl and N—H⋯Cl hydrogen bonds link the molecules into layers parallel to (001).


After investigating many export processing enterprises in Zhujiang Delta,Yangtze Delta and Bohai Sea Rim,a discription about the current situation of labor interest in China's export processing industry is made in the paper.On this base the obstacles in the process of promoting the protection of labor interest by CSR are pointed out.It is also suggested in the paper to set up a labor rights and interest protection system that ensures a multi-win situation between the government,enterprise,multinational,labor union and guild.


The phenomenon of creativity is seen by different scientists as an activity, as an aspect of personal development, as a form of intellectual activity, as a synthesis of a personality's individual psychological peculiarities and new quality conditions. The characteristics of creativity include novelty, high quality of the product, freedom of thought, originality and anomaly (illogicalness). In our research, we will view creativity as an aspect of personal development. In the most general way, creative abilities in the modern psychological and pedagogical sciences are identical to the notion of creativity, which is seen as a general, diagnostically verified capacity for creativity. The most accepted definition of this phenomenon is an individual's ability to generate extraordinary ideas, find original solutions, and go off the bitten track. The pedagogue's professional creativity is the ability to generate many diverse original ideas in non-prescribed circumstances of the pedagogue's activity. It is a dynamic component of the pedagogue's professionally significant qualities which includes the intellectual, individual, social and emotional components, whose composite development influences the effectiveness of the pedagogue's performance and its development. This is the pedagogue's professional creativity which is that very form of realized creative abilities which directly influences the educational process and which represents the necessary level of their development for an effective realization of modern educational technologies.


Regularities in the formation of structural states and hydrodynamic flows in copper and steel at the collapse of cylindrical shells under the explosion action / V. I. Zeldovich, N. Yu. Frolova, A. E. Kheifets, I. V. Khomskaya // Diagnostics, Resource and Mechanics of materials and structures. – 2018. – Iss. 5. – P. 18–37. – DOI: 10.17804/2410-9908.2018.5.018-037. Received: 10.07.2018 Revised: 06.08.2018 Accepted: 31.08.2018 DOI: 10.17804/2410-9908.2018.5.018-037


A content–based coding scheme for the transmission of videophone sequences at very low bit rates conforming to the MPEG–4 standard is presented. The goal is to improve the image quality in the facial area of a person, at the expense of a lower quality in the remaining image, which is subjectively less important for the communication partner. In a first step, the face of the talking person is detected automatically. Then, each image is coded and transmitted as two different video object planes (VOP): the face VOP is formed by the facial area, the residual VOP by the remaining image. Thus, a large amount of the available bit rate can be used for coding the face VOP in good quality, while the residual VOP is coded at a lower quality. Using typical videophone sequences and compared to a standard scheme which codes the whole image at the same quality, the proposed scheme shows significant improvements of the image quality in the facial area.


Phytochemical analyses of the bulbs of Eucomis vandermerwei and E. zambesiaca yielded homoisoflavonoids and triterpenoid derivatives. A new (17S*,23S*)-epoxy-3β,15β,29-trihydroxy-27-norlanost-8-en-24-one) was isolated from E. zambesiaca. Resnova humifusa yielded homoisoflavonoids, and a tetrahydropyran derivative, 2-methyl-3-(4S*,5R*,7S*-trihydroxy-8S*-hydroxymethyltetrahydro-6H-4-pyranyl)-2-propenoic acid. All compounds were assayed for COX-2 inhibition of cyclooxygenase; 3,5,7-trihydroxy-3-(4′-methoxybenzyl)-4-chromanone was found to have significant activity.


A graphene quantum dot under intense ac field and static low magnetic field is investigated. From a tight-binding perspective, applying a Fourier-Floquet transformation and renormalization process, we observe that graphene -intrinsically anisotropic- reveals field polarization signatures in the quasi-density of states. For the ac field polarized along the armchair direction, the dressed electronic structure shows an emergent property: an ac field induced quantum ring. This is inferred by the orientation-dependent formation of a miniband of energy states periodically modulated with increasing magnetic field, exactly analogous to the behavior of a quantum ring spectrum.


Technology of material development on drug delivery system has expanded vastly nowadays. The potential of alginate and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) as drug delivery carrier is presented. The alginate and CMC was prepared as hybrid hydrogels via sol-gel method and dried by supercritical CO2 and at ambient conditions. Their mechanical strength was physically observed by their shrinkage percentage. Different concentration of alginate and CMC were synthesized to determine the effect of material variation composition on the physical and chemical characteristics. Physical and chemical properties of the hybrid aerogels were investigated by FTIR and TGA analysis. Results demonstrated that drying the hydrogels by supercritical CO2 produced alginate/CMC aerogels with smaller shrinkage percentage i.e. 12.5% in comparison to ambient drying that extremely shrank the hydrogel as high as 45.4%. for 3 wt% alginate/1 wt% CMC. This work suggests that the hybrid alginate/CMC aerogels dried by supercritical CO2 has a great potential to be applied as drug delivery carrier due to its mechanical strength and good thermal stability at high temperature.


The invention discloses a magnetizing roasting system and technology of iron ore powder difficult to beneficiate, and belongs to the technical fields of metallurgy and mineral engineering. According to the magnetizing roasting system and the magnetizing roasting technology, magnetizing roasting is carried out on the iron ore powder through adopting a circulating fluidized bed reactor, sensible heat of roasting tail gas is recycled through preheating gas through an indirect heat exchanger, then, thorough purification treatment is carried out on the roasting tail gas through a wet dust collector and a dehydrater, the roasting tail gas subjected to thorough purification treatment is fed into a combustion chamber as a heat source, and the phenomenon that the combustion chamber has incrustations due to fact that roasting tail gas brings in dust is prevented; and the sensible heat of roasted iron ore powder is recycled through the manners that the high-temperature roasted iron ore powder and cold roasted tail gas exchange heat in a cyclone cooler and combustion-supporting air is preheated, the sensible heat of the high-temperature roastted iron ore powder is utilized more reasonably and fully, and the purposes that iron ore powder is quickly magnetized and roasted, and the heat utilization rate during the roasting process is high are achieved.


The article written in the Realpolitik-style raises one of the most thorny issues in the modern political life of the developed countries, the issue of the power hierarchy, the formal and informal relations in the «triangle»: elite leader nation. The author argues that at the turn of XXI century the power initiative came under the control of the elite communities, and national leaders and population took a complementary role in the political system. So the State officials are only moderators within elite as the holders of the controlling block of shares and in fact do not have «voluntarist» possibilities in their actions, and population in the formal democratic countries is an outright «minority» and acts as political extras. At the same time the article deals with elite holding the activity of the political leaders and civil society in check.


We discuss optical topography (a form of NIRS imaging), covering the practical problems of spatio-temporal resolution and induced temperature increases, along with some novel applications.


To establish a optimum culture condition in vitro for production of seedlings in Wasabia japonica, the effects of salt strength, sucrose concentration, and ratio on the shoot growth in MS medium were investigated. The full strength of MS medium was the best condition for shoot growth, and in or 2x MS medium the growth was significantly suppressed. Growth of shoots was enhanced when sucrose was added in MS medium after 2 weeks of culture, and the best result was found at 3% sucrose addition. ratio of 10:50 gave the highest biomass of shoot in the liquid culture with MS medium, and increasing the ratio in the medium significantly reduced the growth of shoot.


Few cystic fibrosis (CF) cases in Taiwan have been published. We report a case of 2.5-month-old male infant presented recurrent infection, failure to thrive, and nutritional deficiency dermatitis initially. Sweat chloride test confirmed the diagnosis at 4 months old. We highlight that CF should always be the differential diagnosis of patient with failure to thrive and recurrent pulmonary infections.


The first inscription from Kuntillet ʿAjrud was recovered by E. H. Palmer in 1869.1 It was a pottery shard inscribed with just one letter, ʾalep (א). The site was not excavated until a century later, in three seasons conducted by Ze'ev Meshel and his team during 1975–1976. Publications referring to the site, especially its famous inscriptions mentioning "YHWH and his A/asherah"2 began in earnest not long after, but always in somewhat tentative form,3 since it took Meshel


With the emergence of globalization, IT organizations have begun to shift from service organizations to solutions organizations. IT professionals must now mitigate complexity by understanding both the enterprise and IT solutions. An IT professional has to balance the business needs of the enterprise with the possibilities that technology offers.
 At the same time, technology itself has enabled hard IT skills jobs to become commodities that can be outsourced around the world and performed at a fraction of the cost. This shift has changed the core competencies needed by IT professionals in the developed countries. IT professionals must now have the competencies of leadership/followership, communication and collaboration, problem solving and critical thinking, creativity and innovation, global business expertise, systems thinking, and self management, in addition to the technology expertise and project management skills we expected in the past. Arising from all these competencies, architecture has emerged as an overarching core competence for IT professionals.
 The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of how IT competencies have changed in the last decade and to introduce architecture as a critical component of an IT education curriculum. We will discuss the implications this might have for the SIGITE model curriculum framework.


To investigate aqueous flare as a preoperative predictor for later proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) development in patients with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RD) and to determine the validity of this measurement in patients at low clinical risk for postoperative PVR.


Seven 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline derivatives were synthesized from β-phenylethylamine by condensation, cyclization, alkylation and acylation. These compounds were tested for their activity of antiplatelet aggrega- tion by the Born method. The results showed that five of them could inhibit platelet aggregation in vitro with positive concentration-effect relationships. Under the concentration of 0.2, 1.0 and 2.0mg/L, the inhibition rates of compound 5 were 32.4%, 55.7% and 62.4%, respectively.


Road network is the backbone of the safety and livability of the human beings. However, the frequent extreme weather events are currently threatening its stability and resiliency. Between 1999 and 2008, the property loss in infrastructure related to roads account for 90% of the total loss in Korea. Thus, maintaining the function of the road network and increasing its resilience with the occurrence of any extreme weather events has become an important agenda at the national and local level. The road network consists of nodes and links, which are cross sections and streets respectively. In this research, we assess the vulnerability of the road network in Seoul towards flooding, using centrality indices in network theory. The centralities of the nodes in flood prone areas have been compared with those of general nodes in Seoul. The results demonstrate that the nodes in the flood prone areas tend to have higher centrality indices, implying their important and influential roles in the function of the overall road network. The results call for the immediate attention on the vulnerable roads in the management and operation of the road network in Seoul.


Objective To assess surgical strategies and its therapeutic effect on treating tumors invading of the great vessels. Methods 23 patients underwent tumor resection along with reconstruction of great vessels from Jan. 2001 to Dec. 2005 were retrospectively reviewed. Results 19 cases (82.6%) experienced radical resection along with reconstruction of great vessels, 4 cases (17.4%) underwent palliative resections. 20 cases (86.9%) were followed up by various imaging examination methods. 4 cases (17.4%) died perioperatively and 7 cases (30.4%) had complications in perioperative period. Up to Aug. 2005, the postoperative survival times in patients were from 1.5 to 59.0 months. 3 cases (15.0%,3/20) existed more than 48 months, 4 cases (20.0%,4/20) more than 36 months, 6 cases (30.0%,6/20) more than 24 months, 9 cases (45.0%,9/20) more than 12 months and 12 cases(55.0%,11/20)more than 6 months. No complications related to vascular graft occlusion and tumor recurrence next to grafts occurred in these patients. In 2 cases appeared partial thrombosis in grafts in perioperatively. Conclusion Combination of radical resection of tumor and reconstruction of great vessels could extend survival time and improve quality of life in selected patients with tumor invading thoracic and abdominal great vessels.


Aim:To investigate the diagnostic value of combination of with cerebrospinal fluid cytological analysis with viral antibodies detecting in viral encephalitis.Methods:168 cerebrospinal fluid samples from 84 patients who were diagnosed as intracranial infection were detected to find IgG and IgM antibodies by using cytological detection and ELISA.Results:It showed the obvious neutrophilic granulocyte reaction in the super-acute stage.Subsequently the activated lymphocyte reaction appeared.Along with the condition improved the activated lymphocyte disappeared gradually instead of the occurrence of lymphocytes and monocytes.The results of detecting viral antibodies showed the positive rate of IgG in viral encephalitis group was much higher than that in the control group(48.3%,15%),while the rate of IgM had no conspicuous difference between the groups.Conclusion:The cytological analysis of cerebrospinal fluid plays an important role in the diagnosis of the viral encephalitis because of its convenience and fastness.The sensitivity of IgG by ELISA was 54.7% and the specificity was 91.3%,ELISA is one of the exact etiologic method to diagnose the viral encephalitis.


We read the article entitled "Systemic immune inflammation index: a novel predictor of contrast-induced nephropathy in patients with non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction" by Kelesoglu et al with interest. The authors showed that the systemic immune inflammation (SII) index, a surrogate inflammatory marker, is a predictor of contrast nephropathy in patients with non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI). The SII index showed significant impact, especially in malignancy prognosis. Recently, Erdogan et al showed that the SII is an independent predictor of functionally significant coronary stenosis detected by fractional flow reserve in chronic coronary syndrome patients. The Mehran risk score is useful for the prediction of contrast-induced nephropathy. Did the authors calculate the Mehran risk score before intervention in patients with NSTEMI? If calculation is possible, is there any correlation after regression analysis between the SII and Mehran risk scores? ORCID iD


Ang Lee's last two films – Brokeback Mountain, which takes place in the United States; and Lust, Caution, which takes place in China – demonstrate his power as a diaspora director. In contrast to films by exile or immigrant directors, diaspora films express dual identification and profound affinity to both the directors' native and adopted lands. In the case of Ang Lee, who came from Taiwan to the United States in 1978, this means being attached both to Taiwan (and immigrant Taiwanese communities around the globe) and to the United States.