This paper investigates the impact of unionism on the pension benefits workers expect to receive on retirement. The valuation of future benefits by workers, rather than actual employer expenditures on pensions, is examined because expected benefits should be the more important variable in explaining the labor market behavior of individual workers. Analysis of data for middle-aged men, taken from the National Longitudinal Surveys, suggests that union workers are more knowledgeable than nonunion workers about their retirement benefits, and also the average union worker expects to receive a pension higher than that expected by the average nonunion worker. More specifically, among firms providing pensions, the expected benefits are actually lower in union firms than in nonunion firms, but that difference is outweighed by the fact that nonunion firms are much more likely than union firms to have no pension plan at all.


From a previous publication by the authors about an imported case of Chikungunya (a disease little known in
 Spain, but with numbers increasing worldwide, and due to the presence of the vector in the Mediterranean area), we
 show a fable to explain in brief, a deepening on epidemiological implications in family medicine, which is not made in
 standard textbooks and can be a contribution relevant to the practice of family medicine in their interconnection with
 epidemiology. The story or metaphor exposed allows induce conceptual categories of how it should look epidemiology, both in infectious diseases and chronic diseases, from family medicine, showing differences, nuances,
 approaches and practical tools of epidemiological work, which could be applied to any case or patient, and which
 are different between family medicine and other medical specialties, such as: 1. the great accessibility of patients to
 their family doctor, and its role as first contact with the patient ("numerator"); 2.- the continuity of care that allows
 knowledge of incidence and prevalence rates; 3.- The special method for screening ( "case-finding"); 4.- differences
 between sensitivity and specificity of diagnostic tests regarding the hospital setting; 5.- the work with a population as
 "denominator"; 6.-the conflict between the recommendations of experts in public health and clinical practice with the
 particular patient (differentiation between frequentist or Bayesian probability); and 7.- the work with small geographic
 bases.


Submitted for the DAMOP17 Meeting of The American Physical Society Efimov Resonances and Quantum Degeneracy in a Strongly MassImbalanced Fermi-Bose Mixture KRUTIK PATEL, B.J. DESALVO, JACOB JOHANSEN, CHENG CHIN, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute, Department of Physics, University of Chicago — We present observations of Efimov resonances in a 6Li-133Cs mixture near one broad (sres = 0.71) and one narrow (sres = 0.02) interspecies Feshbach resonance near 890 G. These Feshbach resonances have nearly equal intraspecies scattering length, yet we find a substantial difference in the absolute interspecies scattering length at which the Efimov features occur. Our observation confirms the predicted departure from universal physics near the narrow resonance. Additionally, we report the realization of a stable Bose-Einstein condensate of Cs overlapped with a degenerate Fermi gas of Li in a dual color optical dipole trap. Such a system provides a platform for the study of Fermi-Bose quantum mixtures in the ground state with widely tunable interspecies interactions. Krutik Patel James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago Date submitted: 06 Feb 2017 Electronic form version 1.4


Clustering is a very efficient technique to apply finite element methods to the computation of radiosity solutions of complex scenes. Both computation time and memory consumption can be reduced dramatically by grouping the primitives of the input scene into a hierarchy of clusters and allowing for light exchange between all levels of this hierarchy. However, problems can arise due to clustering, when gross approximations about a cluster's content result in unsatisfactory solutions or unnecessary computations. In the clustering approach for diffuse global information described in the paper, light exchange between two objects-patches or clusters-is bounded by using geometrical and shading information provided by every object through a uniform interface. With this uniform view of various kinds of objects, comparable and reliable error bounds on the light exchange can be computed, which then guide a standard hierarchical radiosity algorithm.


Active image processing full field methods for 3D contactless profilometry are amongst the current methods of choice for obtaining point clouds from object surfaces. The fringe projection system plays a decisive role on the entire process, significantly impacting both quality and reliability of the final measurements. Moreover, most every phase measurement profilometer can only be used under laboratory controlled lighting environments. This note describes the ongoing LOME project for a coherent fringe projection system which will enable outdoor measurements by selectively band pass filtering the projected wavelength.


Embedded systems have specific real-time requirements that led to the development of dedicated communication protocols. Such systems must face increasing communication needs and the evolution of switched Ethernet architecture. But moving from existing dedicated field-busses architectures to new Ethernet based architectures is not always feasible, due to industrial constraints. In this paper, we compare different solutions for integrating existing data busses (such as CAN, which is an important standard in automotive context) on a global architecture that respects increasing bandwidth requirements. In a first step, we study classical CAN/CAN bridging strategies. In a second step, we propose CAN/Ethernet bridging strategies that respect the real time behavior of CAN End System when communicating through an Ethernet network that can be shared by (non CAN) applications


This study aimed to analyze whether Jack Ma's resignation hurt BABA stock returns. This research is Jack Ma's resignation event study from Alibaba Group Holdings Limited (10 September 2018). The 5-month research sample began on May 1, 2018, to September 28, 2018. In the 1-day and 3-day window the result showed that Jack Ma's resignation had a significant adverse effect on BABA stock returns, but no longer affected the following day.


The need to find related images from big data streams is shared by many professionals, such as architects, engineers, designers, journalist, and ordinary people. Users need to quickly find the relevant images from data streams generated from a variety of domains. The challenges in image retrieval are widely recognized, and the research aiming to address them led to the area of content‐based image retrieval becoming a "hot" area. In this paper, we propose a novel computationally efficient approach, which provides a high visual quality result based on the use of local recursive density estimation between a given query image of interest and data clouds/clusters which have hierarchical dynamically nested evolving structure. The proposed approach makes use of a combination of multiple features. The results on a data set of 65,000 images organized in two layers of a hierarchy demonstrate its computational efficiency. Moreover, the proposed Look‐a‐like approach is self‐evolving and updating adding new images by crawling and from the queries made.


Some physicians are finding sideline careers as expert witnesses. Others find themselves testifying frequently on an issue dear to them. Still others are forced to defend their choices on the stand. Here's how to prepare for court.


Nickel deposited S-doped carbon nitride (Ni–S:g-C3N4/Ni-SCN) nanosheets have been synthesized using calcination followed by a sulfidation process. X-ray photoelectron spectra revealed that the doped S atoms are successfully introduced into the 301 lattices of the host g-C3N4. XPS spectra indicated that the deposited Ni species are chemically bonded onto the host SCN nanosheets through sulfur bonds. The sunlight-driven photocatalytic hydrogen production efficiency of the synthesized Ni-SCN nanosheets is found to be 3628 μmol g–1 h–1, which is around 1.5 folds higher than that of Pt-SCN that synthesized in the present study. The observed efficiency is attributed to the chemical bonding of Ni through S that largely favored the photocatalytic process in terms of charge-separation as well as self-catalytic reactions. The apparent quantum efficiency of the photocatalyst at 420 nm is estimated to be 17.2%, which is relatively one of the higher values reported in the literature. The photocatalytic recyclability r...


In this paper, we introduce a new graphical tool, the visual boundary recurrence plot, in order to provide a more detailed visualization of the well-established method of recurrence plots. In this approach, we are coloring each point of the recurrence plot depending on whether the neighboring points in the vertical and horizontal directions are recurrent or not. We use this plot to study the stability of the textures of the recurrence plots viewing them as geometrical shapes under horizontal and vertical changes. In order to compare two recurrence plots, we define the visual boundary recurrence plot rate distance between their visual boundary recurrence plots to study their closeness/similarity. Finally, we introduce a topological criterion to select an optimal threshold for constructing a recurrence plot. A threshold is optimal when the recurrence plot associated with it remains similar to the ones that are constructed for consecutive values of backwards and forwards thresholds. The results are applied to recurrence plots of time series emanating from different sources: molecular dynamics simulations, Lorenz dynamical system, random noise and daily water level measurements of a river.


Abstract : The U.S. Army Defense Ammunition Center (DAC), Validation Engineering Division (SIOAC - DEV), was tasked by the U.S. Army Armament Research, Development and Engineering Center (ARDEC) to conduct MIL-STD-1660 tests on an enhanced wood pallet with modified metal bottom adapter. This report contains test results with the pallets provided meeting MIL-STD-1660, Design Criteria for Ammunition Unit Loads, requirements.


The area of the Dead Sea, bordering Jordan and Israel, contains many springs with different physical and chemical properties. Hot springs are found on the eastern shore of the lake: the springs of Zara (the ancient Callirrhoe) with tem- peratures up to 59 °C and those of Zerka Ma'in, 5 km inland. The latter springs, mentioned by Josephus (1st century C.E.), yield fresh water with a low sulfide content, near-neutral pH and temperatures up to 63 °C. Although the growth of green microorganisms was already noted in 1807 by the German explorer ulrich Jasper seetzen, the microflora of the springs has remained unexplored. In 2005 we began a series of surveys characterizing the microbial diversity of the springs. The sources of the Zerka Ma'in springs and their outflow channels are covered by green to orange mats, containing a diverse community of unicellular and filamen- tous cyanobacteria. Conspicuous types include Thermosynechococcus , unicellular Gloeocapsa types, and Spirulina-like filaments. Large colonies of Scytonema were also found. Several representative types of Thermosynechococcus , Gloeocapsa, and Mastigocladus/Fischerella were isolated and cultured. Amplification of cyano- bacterial 16S rRNA genes from DNA extracted from the mats showed a high di- versity of Thermosynechococcus in the springs. Low concentrations of ammonium and nitrate in the spring water and the presence of heterocystous cyanobacteria indicated that biological nitrogen fixation may be important in the spring ecosys-


Summary. The article analyses the problems of local influences in structural details of bridges as the critical locations, whose damages or excessive force may directly affect the safety of users. These analyses are shown on selected examples. Presented is the example of local changes in the forms of proper vibrations in the node of the truss bridge that can be used in expert issues concerning the causes of damages. The second example are the changes in stresses in the stay cable anchorage element including the nonlinear material models. Models of this type can be successfully used by engineers as they allow for analysis of selected structural details without the need for detailed mapping of the entire structure, but only a selected section.


COVID-19 has caused all countries to remain alert to implement health protocols. The Indonesian government, from central to the regions, has built a COVID-19 information system that can be used as an information source for the public. The COVID-19 pandemic is expected to last longer than expected, so a reliable and accurate information system is needed. So there needs to be an evaluation regarding the COVID-19 information system, especially in the regions to increase the public's awareness towards pandemic. The study aims to evaluate Kabupaten Cirebon's COVID-19 information system website using Partial Least Square-Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). We use WebQual 4.0 towards User Satisfaction and Intention of Use as a evaluation model. Data were obtained from 261 respondents who rated website for four months from June to September 2020. Based on the assessment of the PLS-SEM model, the Service Interaction Quality variable most influences users of the Covid-19 website to re-access the website and recommend it to other users. Service Interaction Quality also dominantly influencing user satisfaction.


So far as the construction of a RCC gravity dam in North Xinjiang is concerned,the selection and use of the mixtures in the mixing ratios of the roller compacted concrete under different construction conditions are put forward through the experimental study made on the mechanical property,thermal behavior and deformation performance of the concrete after mixing fly ash and rock powder into the mixing ratio,so as to improve the temperature control and anti-cracking performances of the concrete itself,and then get a better construction effect.


Medical financial assistance" (MFA) refers to special help and support provided by the gov- ernment and society to those among the poor who are unable to meet the cost of medical treatment when they are ill. It is an important component of the social insur- ance system. Although a medical financial assistance system has long been an organic part of the social security systems of many developed nations, in China it is still something new.((1)Medical financial assistance has emerged and developed as China's society and economy have developed, and is linked in particular to changes in the healthcare system. From the 1950s to the 1970s, a co-operative healthcare system, largely the responsibility of the collective economy, was in place in China's rural areas. Following the disintegration of this co- operative healthcare system during the Cultural Revolution, and the transformation of the public health system into a medical insurance system once the period of reform and opening began, the difficulties experienced by the rural poor in accessing medical care became very apparent. This led the relevant authorities, with the assistance of international organisations and non-governmental organisations, to intro- duce medical financial assistance pilot schemes in a few rural areas.((2) However, in the 1980s and 1990s, the con- cept of medical financial assistance and methods of imple- mentation were mentioned only occasionally in government documents dealing with poverty relief or the strengthening of primary-level health care in rural areas, and it was not on the agenda for some time. Not until 2002, with the publica- tion of the State Council's Resolution on further strengthen- ing rural health work, was medical financial assistance given any recognition in an official document.Design of the Health VIII medical financial assistance projectWell before the central government's document concerning this project was issued, the Ministry of Health had already, with the support of relevant international organisations, begun to implement some experimental medical assistance schemes for the very poor in rural areas. The best-known and the largest of these experiments was the "Medical Fi- nancial Assistance Project for the Rural Poor," part of the China Basic Health Services Project (Health VIII), which was carried out by the World Bank, the United Kingdom's Department for International Development, the Ford Foun- dation, and the American-Chinese Foundation, in co-opera- tion with the Ministry of Health.((3)The aim of the project was "to improve health service capac- ity in poor areas and increase the level of health service uti- lization, to ensure that the residents in those areas had ac- cess to basic medical and health services, and to bring about sustainable improvements in health for people in poor rural counties." Total investment in the project was estimated at US$106,887,000, which included a World Bank loan of US$70,000,000, and a grant of £15,010,000 from the British government through the Health VIII support pro- gramme. Other international organisations also made grants of various amounts. The project was officially launched in October 1998 and ran until June 2007. The implementation of the medical financial assistance project (hereinafter re- ferred to as MFA) for the very poor in rural areas was seen as a particularly important component of the Health VIII programme.((4)The design of the MFA project included the following features:1) The groups targeted for assistance should normally be the poorest people among the agricultural population of an area, and the unit to be targeted was the household.2) The total number of people in any targeted county who received assistance through the project should normally be no less than 5 percent of the total agricultural popu- lation of that county. The imbalance in economic devel- opment between the villages and small towns in a county would be taken into account, and the proportion of ben- eficiaries in each village and small town would vary. …


Process modeling in pharma is gradually gaining momentum in process development but budget restrictions are growing. We first examine whether and how current practices rationalize within a decision process framework with a fictitious investor facing a decision problem subject to incomplete information. We then develop an algorithmic procedure for investment evaluation on both monetary and diffusion-of-innovation fronts. Our methodology builds upon discounted cash flow analysis and Bayesian inference and utilizes the Rogers diffusion of innovation paradigm for computing lower expected returns. We also introduce a set of intangible metrics for quantifying the level of diffusion of process modeling within an organization.


Process of planning the location of enterprises still lacks the method allowing for combining spatialanalysiswiththecompetitivenessanalysis oftheindustriesortheirclusters,whiletakinginto account the competitive position and competitive potential. The purpose of the study is to create a new methodicalpattern in the location analysis of the company based on regional strategic groups, and to show the possibilities and limitations of the proposed tool's application, supporting location decisions on the example of food industry companies in NUTS 2 level regions in Poland. The study included medium and large enterprises of the food industry in 2013. ThispapercontainsanattemptofapplicationofamodifiedMcKinseymatrixforspatialanalyses, using the investment attractiveness indexation of regions. The suggested modification of McKinsey matrixis anewproposalinthisrespect,whileatthesametimebeing anattempttosolvetheproblem of the management. Regionalstrategicgroups analysisallowsonetoproposepossiblestrategicactionsforbusinesses, which helps to solve the problem of location management of group of companies, including regional clusters. It is worth noting that the proposed instrument also contributes to the actions of the local government units (regions), concerning the adaptation of investment offer to the needs of business entities.


Abstract:  Long‐term behavioral consequences of the neurotoxicity produced by 3,4‐methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) in the adolescent rat are still mostly unknown. Here, adolescent male rats (postnatal day 45 PND [45]) were exposed to 10 mg/kg of MDMA, intraperitoneally, every 2 h for 6 h. Controls were given 0.9% saline in the same protocol. Ten days after exposure, the behavioral effects of MDMA were assessed in the elevated plus‐maze (n= 6 per group). After behavioral testing, animals were sacrificed and the amygdalae were dissected and processed for HPLC determination of dopamine (DA), serotonin (5‐HT), and metabolites. Results showed a significant decrease in the 5‐HT content (P < 0.05), but no significant alterations in DA or its metabolites. Behavioral observation in the elevated plus‐maze showed a decreased number of entries in the unprotected arms (P < 0.05), which were correlated to the number of entries and time spent in the central platform. Rearing was also decreased (P < 0.05). No differences were observed in head dips, grooming, or number of entries in the protected arms of the apparatus. Therefore, we conclude that, as in the adult rat, exposure to MDMA in the adolescent rat is associated to long‐term depletion of the 5‐HT content and increased anxiety‐like behavior.


Objective To investigate the newly produced bioactive metabolites of D2s4-1,a streptomycin-resistant antitumor mutant from diethylsulphate(DES)mutagenesis of a wild-type actinomycete strain L35-1 without antitumor activity.Methods The bioactive metabolites were isolated by a bioassay-guided separation procedure by various chromatographic means,combined with direct comparison with the sample from the initial strain L35-1.Structures of the compounds obtained were identified by spectral analysis.The antitumor activity was assayed by the MTT method using K562 cells.Results From the fermentation products of D2s4-1,six compounds 1-6 were isolated and identified as 1,9-dicarbomethoxyphenazine(1),N-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-acetamide(2),pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid(3),daidzein(4),cyclo-(4-hydroxy-Pro-Leu)(5)and uracil(6),respectively.Among them,1,3,5 and 6 inhibited the proliferation of K562 cells with the inhibition rates of 33.3%,16.3%,33.3% and 21.1% at the 100 μg/ml,respectively.Conclusions Six compounds 1-6 were proved to be the metabolites newly produced by the mutant D2s4-1 and four of them,1,3,5 and 6,are antitumor metabolites.Compound 1 was found in nature for the first time and its antitumor activity was also reported for the first time in the present study.The mutants with bioactivity obtained from wild-type actinomycete strains without bioactivity by chemical mutagenesis coupled with drug-resistant mutant selection would provide useful microbial sources of bioactive metabolites and thus might become a new strain resource for drug screening.


The beta-blocker atenolol has long been used as a reference drug in clinical trials of hypertension and as a first-line antihypertensive medication in


Abstract The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been extensively utilised to address the mechanisms underlying the oxidative stress response. The antioxidant defences can be induced either by respiratory growth or in the presence of pro-oxidants. The cell response involves the transcriptional control of genes by protein regulators that have been recently identified and post-translational activation of pre-existing defences. The current state of the art regarding the induction of antioxidant defences during respiratory growth and by exposure to hydrogen peroxide is reviewed.


To discretize a nonlinear differential equation, we have previously proposed a hybrid method constructed as a combination of the additive and multiplicative Euler methods. In this study, we formulate the vector field for which the hybrid Euler method is effective. Then, we evaluate the method through numerical and physical experiments for a tomographic dynamical system using, respectively, a sinogram synthesized by a digital phantom and a measured projection acquired from an X-ray computed tomography scanner. We found that the hybrid Euler method has an advantage over both the additive and multiplicative Euler methods.


The spleen was removed under strict aseptic conditions after careful and complete ligation of the splenic vessels. ts of the stimulation Ol uin Res., 20: 293, 1970 and Vegetative function,: 172-173, 1970. Usual post-operative aseptic and antiseptic precautions and procedures were observed. The samples of blood were collected from the tibial, saphenous or cubital veins immediately after the operation and on 2nd, 3rd, 5th, 7th, lOth, 15th, 20th, 30th, 45th, 60th and 90th day. he blood samples thus collected were subjected to the usual methods of count, microscopic andmorphological examinations.


A rhodium-(S)-xyl-BINAP complex-catalyzed tandem formate decarbonylation and [2 + 2 + 1] carbonylative cyclization is described; this cooperative process utilizes formate as a condensed CO source, and the newly developed cascade protocol can be extended to its enantioselective version, providing up to 94% ee of the cyclopentenone adducts.


Abstract Lymphotoxin‐β is a newly recognized member of the tumor necrosis factor ligand family. Recent studies have suggested a role for this cytokine in delayed‐type hypersensitivity responses. To determine whether lymphotoxin‐β contributes to the development of contact sensitivity, we utilized an inhibitor protein that can effectively block binding of lymphotoxin‐β to its receptor. An adenoviral vector was created that encodes for a lymphotoxin‐β inhibitor protein consisting of the extracellular domain of the lymphotoxin‐β receptor fused to IgG heavy chain. Intravenous injection of the recombinant virus into BALB/c mice yielded plasma levels of inhibitor protein >500 μg that persisted for 1 week. Mice treated in this manner were compared with control animals injected with adenovirus encoding β‐galactosidase, with respect to their ability to mount contact sensitivity responses to epicutaneously applied dinitro‐fluorobenzene. Mice transduced with the lymphotoxin‐β inhibitor prior to the induction of contact sensitivity showed significantly suppressed ear swelling responses. By contrast, mice treated with the lymphotoxin‐β inhibitor prior to the elicitation of contact sensitivity showed no change in ear swelling responses in comparison to controls. These findings indicate that lymphotoxin‐β plays an important role in the afferent phase of the contact sensitivity response.


THE military order which was known first as Mountjoy, then as the Hospital of the Holy Redeemer and lastly as Montfraguie was among the less successful of those founded in the twelfth century. For most of its brief life of some sixty years its existence was precarious, and its military activities have left no trace. Nevertheless it has not been altogether neglected by historians. It is mentioned by many of the early writers on the military orders,' and more recently it has been the subject of several studies, of which the most important are those by Delaville Le Roulx, Blasquez y Jimenez and Gazulla.2 But the aim of the early historians was usually to give a brief account of all the military orders, and the only information based on documentary evidence that their discussions of Mountjoy contain is that taken from Rades y Andrada's Chronica de las tres Ordenes y Caballerias de Sanctiago, Calatrava y Alcdntara, which includes a small amount of material drawn from documents which Rades found in the archive of Calatrava.3 Modern accounts of the Order have been based on a wider range of sources, but none has employed by any means all the surviving material or discussed all the phases of the Order's history: Delaville Le Roulx was over-optimistic when he claimed that the documents which he had discovered at Alcal'a de Henares "permettent de reconstituer l'histoire entiere des freres de Montjoye."4 A further examination of the Order's history may therefore be justified, especially as it illustrates several of the factors which could bring about the decay of a religious foundation and some of the difficulties encountered when an attempt was made to abolish a declining institution. The founder of the Order was the Leonese Count Rodrigo Alvarez.5 He had succeeded to the county of Sarria in 1167,6 but some four years later he entered


In my bachelor work I concerned with questions by latent criminal activity in the chain store. In the first chapter, I attend to illumination species and staking security adventure in this branch. On coming chapter handles about detectives of store activity and define their competence, laws and duty and so on. The third chapter describes sorts of the criminal activity in light of criminal methods and abreast with gives information from assessment of the criminal activity in the Czech republic. Next, fourth chapter, considers by form and methods of latent criminal activity, that in commit and to detect that. In the last chapter I refer to, what way would this problem proceed? Moreover, in the same work I create concrete project about technical and bodily for contention that is more efficient with the latent criminal activity in the chain store and shopping center, with cooperation by detectives of the store.


To reduce the CO 2 emission, to save the energy, and to reduce fossil fuel usage are critical requirements for future green society. Smartgrid is one of technology to realize these matters. Semiconductor technology is also very important measures to contribute these Smartgrid products. Prospects of Smartgrid and the impacts to semiconductor business will be presented as a keynote speech.


The invention relates to a pipe (1) to discharge water box of a motor vehicle comprising a tubular body (10) adapted to extend through an orifice in a bottom wall of a box to water; a flange (11) abutting overcoming the tubular body, said flange being adapted to abut on an inner face of the bottom wall; and at least one cutout (14) in the full collar forming an interruption in the circumference of the collar.


Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Non-small lung cancer accounts for 85% of diagnoses and the predominant subtype is lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). Previously, we identified a population of Tumor Propagating Cells (TPCs) in the Kras; TP53 GEM model of LUAD. We demonstrated that TPCs have a greater capacity for secondary tumor formation and are enriched after treatment. The TPC population is defined by the expression of CD24, ITGB4 and Notch, with further functional validation showing that Notch3 contributes to this propagation phenotype in a non-redundant fashion. To investigate the biology of these TPCs, we have produced a KrasFSFG12D; Tp53FRT/FRT; Notch3CreERT2; RFP; inducible Diphtheria toxin receptor mouse (KPFFNRiDTR) for lineage tracing and ablation of Notch3 expressing tumor cells to get a granular understanding of the cell types/progeny generated by Notch3 expressing cells and the effects of removing these cells on the tumor microenvironment.In this model, adenovirus expressing FLP is delivered intra-tracheally resulting in expression of an oncogenic form of Kras and deletion of TP53, initiating LUAD tumors. Upon administration of Tamoxifen, Notch3 expressing cells are labelled by induced expression of RFP and DTR, then these cells can be ablated by subsequent dosing with Diphtheria toxin. By labelling/ablating cells at different disease progressions we can infer the importance of Notch signaling at key timepoints and assess the contribution of Notch3 expressing cells to the tumor microenvironment and tumor progression. We have found that Notch3 is expressed in the epithelial progenitors during early embryogenesis up to ~p5 and then gets turned off in the epithelial compartment of distal lung during alveologenesis, and in adults Notch3 is only expressed in the lung pericytes. Thus, the cell of origin for LUAD does not express Notch3, even if the TPC does, and we see the acquisition of Notch3 expression during early tumorigenesis. If we ablate Notch3 positive cells during this state we effectively prevent further growth of the tumors, however we still see similar tumor numbers at endpoint, suggesting that all lesions that will progress are already present when we ablate the TPCs. Considering that the total number of Notch3 cells in the tumor is approximated 1%, this is a profound effect on the overall growth of the tumor and suggests that the TPCs are fundamentally required for lung adenocarcinoma progression and may be a viable target for treatment.
 Citation Format: Kieren D. Marini, Emma C. Champion, Phuong T. Dinh, Elizabeth E. Hwang, Leanne C. Sayles, E. Alejandro Sweet-Cordero. Ablation of rare tumor propagating cells during early lung adenocarcinoma development abrogates tumor growth and progression [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 911.


The invention provides highland barley leisure food and belongs to the technical filed of food processing. The highland barley leisure food of the invention is prepared by mixing highland barley with very high nutritional value serving as a main raw material and fruit nuts, peanut kernel, grapes, sesame, edible oil and other additives, mixture pressure moulding, and curing and packing the mixture. In the highland barley leisure food of the invention, original nutrient ingredients and health-care function of the highland barley are kept. The highland barley leisure food has good mouthfeel, is convenient to carry and eat and adds a new member for highland barley food family.


Background and Aims: Whether and how much stroke survivors blood pressure (BP) control changed over the 2010s decade is unclear. We assessed whether 90-day BP control changed from 2011 to 2019, and whether temporal changes varied by ethnicity and sex.Methods: We conducted a prospective cohort study of 1,755 first expert-adjudicated stroke cases 45 years in the Brain Attack Surveillance in Corpus Christi (BASIC) project with BP measurements from 2011-2019. We measured BP in patients residences at ~90 days post-stroke using standardized procedures and validated oscillometric devices. The average of three BP measurements was used. Outcomes were BP control <130/80 mmHg (primary) and BP control<140/90 mmHg (secondary). We used inverse probability weights to account for attrition due to 90-day mortality and non-participation in study interviews. Using logistic regression, we examined the association between BP control and time (year) and demographic differences in trends through interactions with time adjusting for patient factors.Results: Median age was 66 years (interquartile range, 58-76 years), 59% were Mexican American, 49% were women. From 2011 to 2019, BP control <130/80 mmHg declined from 43.0% to 28.6% (P<0.001).Odds of BP control <130/80 mmHg decreased over time (odds ratio per one-year increase, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.91, 0.99) after adjustment for patient factors. BP control <140/90 mm Hg remained consistent at 59.3% in 2011 and 57.1% in 2019 (P=0.31). Odds of BP control <140/90 mm Hg appeared constant over time after adjustment for patient factors (odds ratio per one-year increase, 1.00; 95% CI, 0.96, 1.04). Trends in BP control <130/80 mmHg and <140/90 mmHg did not significantly differ by ethnicity or sex.Conclusions: From 2011 to 2019, BP control <130/80 mmHg decreased and BP control <140/90 mmHg did not improve in patients 90 days after stroke. Results suggest stroke survivors need effective, sustainable strategies to achieve BP control.


We address the problem of inverse reinforcement learning in Markov decision processes where the agent is risksensitive. In particular, we model risk-sensitivity in a reinforcement learning framework by making use of models of human decision-making having their origins in behavioral psychology and economics. We propose a gradient-based inverse reinforcement learning algorithm that minimizes a loss function defined on the observed behavior. We demonstrate the performance of the proposed technique on two examples, the first of which is the canonical Grid World example and the second of which is an MDP modeling passengers' decisions regarding ride-sharing. In the latter, we use pricing and travel time data from a ride-sharing company to construct the transition probabilities and rewards of the MDP.


Molecular beam epitaxy growth of Si thin films on CaF/sub 2//Si(111) substrates has been studied. A surfactant-modified solid-phase epitaxy method, where the room temperature Si deposition was followed by annealing under Sb flux, resulted in a continuous, smooth epitaxial crystalline Si film with a sharp (/spl radic/3/spl times//spl radic/3)R30/spl deg/ reconstruction and a surface roughness of 0.15-nm rms for a 2.8-nm Si thin film. This growth technique was used to fabricate CaF/sub 2//Si/CaF/sub 2/ double-barrier resonant tunneling diodes in SiO/sub 2/ windows patterned on Si(111) substrates. A negative differential resistance (NDR) peak was found at /spl sim/0.35 V at 77 K, and the current density at the NDR peak was estimated to be 3-4 orders of magnitude higher than in earlier reports.


Environmental-based education is one of the interesting ways of learning to raise the awareness of students in maintaining and empowering nature well. Ecopreneurship is the ability to manage and take advantage of the opportunities that nature provides creatively and innovatively to become a product that provides financial benefits. This ecopreneurship training activity was held in SMA Pahlawan, Jember regency, East Java. Training on entrepreneurship skills based on the environment is implemented through the creation of phosphorescent horty dolls. This training aims to motivate the students to foster interest and develop creativity in farming and train the entrepreneurship life skill of students to market it. Implementation of the training activities is divided into several core stages including initial preparation, counseling, practice (doll making), evaluation of seedling outcomes and sales through social media. Based on the evaluation results show that students can take good care of the plants and have been able to sell them online.


A microelectromechanical systems (MEMS)-based capacitive floating element shear stress sensor, developed for time-resolved turbulence measurement, is dynamically characterized via Stokes layer excitation. The floating element structure incorporates interdigitated comb fingers forming differential capacitors, which provide electrical output proportional to the floating element deflection. Preliminary sensor characterization reveals a bandwidth of 6.1 kHz and a sensitivity of 23 mV Pa at 4.2 kHz up to the testing limit of


This paper reduces to six ways for the sum of infinite series as it plays a significant role in the infinite se-ries.The methods are the definition of the sum of infinite series,recurrence,structure into power series,Fourier series,the derivation or the integration of the power series and differential equation.Finally,it summarizes skills of solving the problems in the sum of infinite series by examples in order to set up rules for this kind of problems.


Introduction: The most common incidental finding in an ultrasound abdomen scan is fatty liver. The significance of this finding is a curiosity for the radiologist and the clinician as there has been lots of study with equivocal results. Aim: To study if there is any significant relationship between grades of fatty liver and hepatomegaly with mild, moderate or morbid obesity. Materials and Methods: This study was done as a hospital based retrospective study in department of Radiology for a duration of one month in all patients who were incidentally detected with fatty liver. BMI was calculated for correlation with hepatomegaly and grading of fatty liver. Introduction Fatty liver is the most commonly detected incidental finding in ultrasound. It is seen in patients of all age groups and affects both males and females. Obesity is a major health problem worldwide. In the United States, roughly 300,000 deaths per year are related to obesity 1. Obesity is associated with an increased risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Steatosis, the hallmark feature of NAFLD, occurs when the rate of hepatic fatty acid uptake from plasma and de novo fatty acid synthesis is greater than the rate of fatty acid oxidation and export (as triglyceride within VLDL). Therefore, an excessive amount of intrahepatic triglyceride represents an imbalance between complex interactions of metabolic events 2 . The results from one study, conducted in a cohort of Hispanic and non-Hispanic Caucasians and African American subjects, who were considered to be at low-risk for NAFLD (i.e. BMI<25 kg/m2, no diabetes, and normal fasting serum glucose and alanine aminotransferase concentrations), suggest the threshold for a normal amount of IHTG should be 5.6% of liver volume, because this value represented the 95th percentile for this "normal" population 3 . The prevalence rate of NAFLD increases with increasing body mass index (BMI). An analysis of liver histology obtained from liver donors, automobile crash victims, autopsy findings, and clinical liver biopsies suggests that the prevalence rates of steatosis and steatohepatitis are approximately 15% and 3%, respectively, in nonobese persons, 65% and 20%, respectively, in www.jmscr.igmpublication.org Impact Factor (SJIF): 6.379 Index Copernicus Value: 71.58 ISSN (e)-2347-176x ISSN (p) 2455-0450 DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.18535/jmscr/v6i4.41


Construction of models from reusable components requires clear and precise understanding of design and integration dependencies. Formalization of the semantics of such dependencies is a prerequisite for reasoning about compositional consistency. DEVS formalism provides a sound and powerful framework under which discrete event behavior and component coupling can be precisely defined. Reasoning about the interaction behavior of components to ensure that they are coordinated around specific collaboration constraints is a serious problem inherent in coupled DEVS models. At least two major complications arise: (1) analytically identifying components that violate required interaction constraints is difficult, and (2) the evolution and substitution of new participants in coupled models give rise to unanticipated behavioral conflicts. This article presents a solution technique that addresses both of these problems. Local consistency conditions are formalized, and decidable inference mechanisms are developed to facilitate determining the compositional consistency and safe refinement of DEVS models.


Understanding the attitudes and objectives of students who are potential employees represents an integral part of a recruitment strategy to attract the best students into the computer information systems (CIS) field. Using an experimental instrument consisting of 3 major sections, this study examined the attitudes and motivating factors of students selecting their first position in the CIS field. Overall, the results indicate that students perceive that they will achieve the greatest job satisfaction and motivation in large computer firms. They were evenly divided in their preferences and expectations that they work either for large computer vendors or other private industry. These results are beneficial to those involved in the CIS recruitment and hiring process.


Submitted for the DFD20 Meeting of The American Physical Society Gradient Submillimeter Groove Induced Directional Rebounding of an Impinging Droplet1 ZHICHENG YUAN, MITSUHIRO MATSUMOTO, RYOICHI KUROSE, Kyoto University, KUROSE LAB TEAM — Manipulating the liquid droplet lateral motion without any external energy input is a challenge but an essential technology for industrial applications ranging from water harvesting to electronic circuit fabrication. Although the droplet migration following the wettability gradient has been reported, the durability of the artificial chemical heterogeneity is still the biggest obstacle towards real life applications. Here we design a new wettability gradient surface that can drive droplet lateral motion, which is achieved by gradually altering the groove width of the structural topography. The droplet impinging behavior on the surface is investigated via a 3-D Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS) employing the Coupled Level-Set and Volume of Fluid (CLSVOF) surface tracking scheme, the Continuum Surface Force (CSF) method, and a mesh dependent Dynamic Contact Angle (DCA) model. The results show that the droplet lateral motion in the groove vertical direction can be following or against the topographic wettability gradient, which is determined by the coexistence of Cassie and Wenzel states and the unbalanced Young's force. The outcomes are helpful in designing robustness and durability surfaces with topographical wettability gradients for droplet transportation. 1This research was partially supported by MEXT (Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology) as Priority issue on Post-K computer (Accelerated Development of Innovative Clean Energy Systems). Zhicheng Yuan Kyoto University Date submitted: 28 Jul 2020 Electronic form version 1.4


Energy conservation techniques are considered as the primary means of lengthening the lifetime of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). Clustering is a useful technique that achieves long-term operation of the network. Cluster heads that are near the base station are expected to die early because they are responsible for collecting data that comes from far away in addition to their own data, thereby leading to problem of hot spot in the WSN.This paper presents a new protocol that uses an unequal clustering algorithm with an IDA* routing method to address the hot spot problem. The base station divides the network into three levels of unequal sizes of clusters. The base station takes into consideration the energy level and the distance from the base station for cluster-head selection in each cluster. The cluster head will be changed based on the energy threshold for each cluster. The proposed method uses an IDA* algorithm for efficient multi-hop routing in the network. The uneven clustering algorithm reduces the energy consumption of the nodes, thereby minimising the hot spot problem. The obtained simulation results prove that our approach increases the load balancing, improves the stability and prolongs the network lifetime compared with other related approaches.


Eucalyptus trees are evergreen, fast growing and widely cultivated in Iraq. Its leaves, buds, capsules and even seeds contain several compounds that have antimicrobilal activity.
 Fresh leaves were collected and let dry in shade at room temperature then alcoholic and aqueous stock solution (200mg/ml) of leaves extract was prepared in 10% DMSO from which different concentrations were done. Antibiotic susceptibility test was performed by disk diffusion method using FLU, KCA, MCL, ECN and ITC antibiotics. Leaves extracts were also examined for its antifungal activity then the MIC and MFC were determined using microdilution method.
KCA, ECN and MCL were the most effective antifungal drugs on most isolates. Only two isolates were resistant to all antibiotics and one isolate showed sensitivity to all antibiotics under study.
The methanolic and ethanolic extract of Eucalyptus leaves extract showed the highest inhibitory influence on fungal growth in comparison with the aqueous extract. Furthermore, Alcoholic extracts showed MIC at 50mg/ml and MFC at 100mg/ml. The aqueous extract of Eucalyptus had no inhibitory effect on the growth of all Aspergillus isolates.
The results of the present research showed the potential antifungal activity of the Eucalyptus microtheca leaves extract against the aflatoxigenic A. niger and A. flavus, which is an indication of the fungicidal value of the plant extract. This research suggests that the plant extract may possess some compounds with antifungal properties against fungi and it can be used as safe and economic alternative against aflatoxigenic fungal food and feed contamination.


An invention described herein provides a more rapidly expressed to a solid oral transmucosal dosage therapeutic effect promoting mucosal permeation of biologically active polypeptides. Formulations prepared in accordance with the present invention, it is possible to facilitate transmucosal absorption of the polypeptide to a recipient in the treatment serum concentration. The present invention provides a solid preparation for making the oral mucosa absorb biologically active polypeptide, the solid formulation comprises a bioactive polypeptide, bile salts, and the effervescent excipient component further effervescent couple and optionally containing a pH adjusting agent. The present invention is biologically active polypeptide methods of administering, and s comprising transmucosal absorption promoting method of the biologically active polypeptide. .FIELD 4


A novel simulation model (without using human corneas) has been described for understanding the surgical concepts and developing tactile reflexes of Descemet membrane (DM) endothelium scroll manipulation and orientation in the anterior chamber, which are necessary for performing Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK). Termed the "DMEK aquarium," this model helps facilitate the understanding of different maneuvers of the DM graft needed inside the fluid-filled anterior chamber, like unrolling or unfolding, flipping or inversion, and checking orientation and centration in the host cornea. A stepwise plan for surgeons starting to learn DMEK utilizing various available resources is also suggested.


The current research study determined the result of four human resources practices –compensation, promotion, performance evaluation, and grooming and maturation along the employee perceived performance of private schools of Pakistan. 101 research studies supported our Hypothesis that HR practices have a confident relationship with employee's perceived performance. The outcomes of this research also demonstrated a significant positive relationship of HR practices with employee's perceived performance.


In 1804 John Stevens III (1749-1838) began his 30-year effort to transform a portion of his wooded, 700-acre Hoboken property into a romantic, quasi-public rural retreat, called the "Elysian Fields." This was one of the earliest parks in the United States to be developed in the English landscape garden style. For half a century, until the opening of Central Park in the early 1860s, the Hoboken park was legendary as one of the most popular outdoor recreation places in the New York metropolitan area.Stevens' grand scheme started with the laying out of "The New City of Hoboken," from which he operated a ferry across the Hudson River to Manhattan. He developed the 100-acre park in order to generate traffic on his ferries and to promote interest in his planned town. The venture flourished; by the 1830s, property sales were brisk, and Stevens' ferries transported 20,000 passengers a day to his Elysium on summer weekends.Stevens foreshadowed Andrew Jackson Downing's park editorials in The Horticulturist by two decades. In 1824, Stevens wrote: "The park has a tendency to civilize and refine the manners of all classes ... where nature and art contribute largely to the embellishment of every scene." Twenty-four years later, in 1848, Downing paraphrased Stevens' ideas: "...by establishing refined public parks, you would soften and humanize the rude and enlighten the ignorant ... [amidst] their lawns, fine trees, shady walks and beautiful shrubs and flowers ... all classes of society, [may] partake of the same pleasures...." Frederick Law Olmsted, in turn, paraphrased Downing and Stevens in his description of Liverpool's Birkenhead Park, in his Walks and Talks of an American Farmer in England, written in 1850 and published in 1852: "Five minutes of admiration, and a few more spent in studying the manner in which art had been employed to obtain from nature so much beauty, and I was ready to admit that in democratic America there was nothing to be thought of as comparable to this People's Garden."1 Just a few months later, Olmsted read Downing's essay, "The New York Park," in The Horticulturist (August 1851), inspiring him to dedicate his career to the belief that public parks had the potential to remove the social barriers between the classes.2This essay, drawn from a book-length work in progress, examines the history and development of the "Elysian Fields," and it explores some of the reasons why Downing and Olmsted had so little to say about the place.John StevensStevens was characterized by his biographer, Archibald Turnbull, as a "dreamer of great dreams."3 His father, "Honourable John" (1716-1792), a Tory, was a member of the New Jersey Province Council in the years leading up to the Revolution. However, because he and two other councilors, Lord Stirling (William Alexander, 1726-1783, his brother-in-law through his marriage to Elizabeth Alexander) and Richard Stockton, had colonial leanings, Governor William Franklin (son of Benjamin Franklin) referred to them as "the unruly three."4 The elder Stevens and Stockton later became members of the Continental Congress, held in Philadelphia 1774-1777. The Honourable John Stevens was a man of immense wealth and connections. He owned no fewer than 20 properties in and around New York and New Jersey, totaling an estimated 35,000 acres. Through his father's personal friendships and social invitations to the homes of such landed families as the Livingstons and the Alexanders, young John visited and presumably was impressed and informed by the character of the landscaped pleasure grounds of their country seats.John graduated from King's College (now Columbia University) in 1768 and became a member of the New York City bar, but practiced law only briefly. He fought in the Revolutionary War, earning the rank of Colonel in the Continental Army. From 1777 until 1782, he was the treasurer of New Jersey, when his father was the president of the New Jersey Council. …


Threads are often called lightweight processes and while this term is somewhat of an over simplification, it is a good starting point. Threads are cousins to UNIX processes though they are not processes themselves. To understand the distinction we must examine the relation between UNIX processes and Mach tasks and threads. In UNIX, a process contains both an executing program and a bundle of resources such as the file descriptor table and address space. In Mach, a task contains only a bundle of resources; threads handle all execution activities. A Mach task may have any number of threads associated with it and all threads must be associated with some task. All threads associated with a given task share the task's resources. Thus a thread is essentially a program counter, a stack, and a set of registers -all the other data structures belong to the task. A UNIX process in Mach is modeled as a task with a single thread.


The role of the actin filament‐associated protein nebulin on mechanical and kinetic properties of the actomyosin motor was investigated in skeletal muscle of wild‐type (ωt) and nebulin‐deficient (nebulin_/‐) mice that were 1 d old' an age at which sarcomeric structure is still well preserved. In Ca2+‐activated skinned fibers from psoas muscle, we determined the Ca2+ dependence of isometric force and stiffness, the rate of force redevelopment after unloaded shortening (kTR), the power during isotonic shortening, and the unloaded shortening velocity (V0). Our results show a 65% reduction in isometric force in nebulin‐/‐ fibers at saturating [Ca2+], whereas neither thin‐filament length nor the Ca2+ sensitivity of the contractile system is affected. Stiffness measurements indicate that the reduction in isometric force is due to a reduction in the number of actin‐attached myosin motors, whereas the force of the motor is unchanged. Furthermore, in nebulin‐/‐ fibers, kTR is decreased by 57%, V0 is increased by 63%, and the maximum power is decreased by 80%. These results indicate that, in the absence of nebulin, the attachment probability of the myosin motors to actin is decreased, revealing a direct role for nebulin in promoting strong actomyosin interactions responsible for force and power production.— Bang, M.‐L., Caremani, M., Brunello, E., Littlefield, R., Lieber, R. L., Chen, J., Lombardi, V., Linari, M. Nebu‐lin plays a direct role in promoting strong actin‐myosin interactions. FASEBJ. 23,4117‐4125 (2009). www.fasebj.org


This article points to the mistake which learning circle has been taken Fujian early-ancient period as ancient Yue area or ancient Yue persons.From the old saying"boat-like coffin as burial custom of Min people",it shows that early-ancient period belongs to Min,not Yue or Min-yue.The article points out so many reasons for mistaking Min as Yue And corrects the mistake of ancient Min area or ancient min race to return what the real history was.


I present experimental observations of weakly nonlinear traveling-wave convection in ethanol-water mixtures in a narrow, rectangular cell of variable aspect ratio. Over ranges in aspect ratio separated by approximately unity, the first nonlinear state seen above the onset of convection consists of irregular ``repeated transients,'' in which small-amplitude traveling waves initially grow with no change in spatial profile, then lose stability, and finally collapse back down to small amplitude. These states differ qualitatively from the ``blinking'' states seen just above onset at other aspect ratios, in which wave amplitude alternates regularly back and forth across the cell. The collapse in the ``repeated-transient'' state appears to be caused by a dephasing of the pattern which is due to the nonlinear dependence of wave number on amplitude. This dephasing shifts the pattern off resonance, causing its decay.


What is disclosed are prostacyclin analogs of the general formula I I which have a more specific action and/or a longer action than the naturally occurring prostacyclin PGI2, as well as intermediate products for their preparation and a process for their preparation. The compounds of formula I are distinguished by inhibitory action on thrombocyte aggregation and by relaxation of the vascular walls, in particular of the coronary arteries. They can thus be used as medicaments.


In a manner dependent on CD4 T cell help and Toll-like receptor signals, B cells lacking WASp induce autoantibody production and autoimmune disease in mice.


Wordless picture books, have little or no text. Dowhower (1997) defined wordless picture books as "books that tell a story through a series of illustrations without written text" (p. 63). There is no one single genre for wordless picture books as they vary in "topics, themes, and levels of difficulty," (Jalongo, Dragich, Conrad, and Zhang, 2002, p. 167). Wordless picture books encourage students ' creative thinking using clues of the "artistic mediums of color and style as well as thinking about what the story means as told through illustrations" (Brodie, 2011, p. 46). In addition, Serafini, (2014) states that wordless picture books are "visually rendered narratives." (p. 24). Armed with the knowledge my students were not familiar with wordless picture books, I asked the school librarian if she would be able to provide us with multiple copies of the book Flotsam by David Weisner (2006 ). When the books arrived two weeks later, I placed students in small groups and our journey began. Flotsam was chosen because students had just finished a water pollution unit in their science class. Flotsam was one of their science vocabulary words and I knew they would have the background As a former middle school language arts teacher, I was amazed when I found out that my seventh-grade students did not really like to write. Oh yes, they loved to write on Facebook or Instagram, but write in class...no way. In my frustration, I searched for ideas to help facilitate writing. I read about wordless picture books as a way for students to create their own narratives using visual cues in wordless picture books (Louie & Sierschynksi, 2015). My students were not very impressed when I told them I had a "fun" to help them with writing ideas and in order to create ideas or topics for writing, we were going to read books with only illustrations. At first, several students' thought reading books without words was silly and childish. "How do we read this book, Miss?" or "this book has no words...what a dumb book or these are books are for first and second graders" were the most common comments the first couple of days when I introduced wordless picture books to the class. I wondered why they were so reluctant to "reading" a book that did not have written text. I finally realized many of my students were not familiar with wordless picture books. See Table 1. Wordless Picture Books: One Way to Scaffold Reluctant Readers and Writers


• the riparian management area guidebook uses obligate hydrophytic vegetation in defining what is a wetland • the silviculture prescriptions guidebook requires that sites be ecologically stratified to site series (assisted by the identification of key plants) as part of the process of developing silviculture prescriptions • the range management guidebook requires the identification and recording of existing plant communities and potential natural communities (PNC's), or desired plant communities (DPC's) in range use plans


The application of portable radar interferometry using real aperture technology, integrated with long range terrestrial lidar for monitoring unstable rock slopes will be presented. Measurement precision as well as spatial and temporal resolution of the combined methods will be discussed in terms of selected case studies. The advantages of system portability and method of data acquisition will be highlighted since field inaccessibility often hinders the placement of instruments for optimal lines-of-site or range for the acquisition of high resolution data.


This paper focuses on a new direction for packet classification, which can substantially improve the performance of a classifier by decreasing the rule-base lookup latency. The classifier partitions the rule-base into smaller independent sub-rule bases by using the hash key of hashing technique. We apply the concept of maximum entropy to select the hash key for optimal partitioning of rule-base. We performed the detailed simulations of our proposed algorithm on synthetic rulebases of size 1K to 200K entries using packet traces. From the simulation results we found that the algorithm significantly outperforms by reducing the size of a rulebase by more than four orders of magnitude with just two-levels of partitioning. Both the space and time complexity of the algorithm exhibit linearity in terms of the size of a rule-bases. The proposed idea suggests a good scalable solution for the packet classification with a large rule-base.


The research object is the installation process of modular green roofs with planters placed on the concrete roof's surface. These roofs effectively reduce rainfall disposal, prolong the lifespan of the roof coating, and enhance urban aesthetic and recreational spaces. Green roofs reduce houses' gas emissions and increase green spaces in densely built areas. The spatial–technological model was developed for the proposed modular green roof based on network planning, scheduling theory, and graph theory. The sequence and composition of technological processes and operations were established for the installation process. The functional model of installing a modular green roof has been developed. The model makes it possible to optimise the principles of saving labour contribution (working hours) and time.


: The labels "creative" and "creative writing" serve several purposes in the discourses of undergraduate writing majors. In a study of students in two writing major programs, students often exerted significant effort to negotiate among diverse writing experiences and to integrate different understandings of writing. Their efforts mirror scholars' conversations about negotiation and integration at the level of curricula and programs. Writing majors in this study raised issues relevant to the well-established curricular domains of theoretical knowledge, professional expertise, and civic action. They explained their insights using a mix of idiosyncratic, institutional, and disciplinary language that frequently relied on forms of "'not' talk" (Reiff and Bawarshi). One term around which much of their blended-language and 'not' talk centered was "creative." Students used the label "creative" to mean writing fiction and poetry, personal expression, creative nonfiction prose, nonacademic discourse, and flexibility in style and genre. Frequently, these uses were mixed together or slipped casually from one to another. These findings suggest that as students engage with disciplinary purposes for writing in the major, they draw from a range of literacy discourses to negotiate among and to integrate diverse forms of knowledge.


Hight-level ab initio molecular orbital calculations were carried out to investigate substituent effect of the C-H…π interaction between the methane with the substituted benzene by electron-donatting group: C_6H_5CH_3,C_6H_5OCH_3,C_6H_5SH,C_6H_5NH_2,C_6H_5OH,C_6H_5N(CH_3)_2,C_6H_5C(CH_3)_3,and with the substituted benzene by electron-attracting group:C_6H_5F,C_6H_5Cl,C_6H_5Br,C_6H_5I,C_6H5CF_3,C_6H_5CN,C_6H_5COOC_2H_5,C_6H_5CHO,C_6H_5COCH_3,C_6H_5COOH,C_6H_5CCl_3.Intermolecular interaction energies were calculated at the MP2/6-311G(d,p) and the MP2/6-311++G(3d,3p) level in this work.A large gain of attraction by electron correlation indicates that dispersion interaction is very important.Substitution of hydrogen atoms of benzene by electron-donatting group and electron-attracting group,except the low polarizability flourine atom,increases attractive interaction.Substitution of hydrogen atoms of benzene have little effect to the orientation of C-H…π interaction.


We report the room‐temperature pulsed operation of GaAs/(Al,Ga)As double heterojunction laser structures grown directly on (100)Si. Current thresholds of as low as 170 mA in 10‐μm‐wide stripe lasers have been achieved at 280 K. Power output as high as 44 mW per facet was also obtained. Assuming no current spreading, the corresponding current threshold density is 6.9 kA/cm2. Slope efficiencies and T0 values of 0.18 W/A and 165 K, respectively, have also been obtained. These results are directly attributable to the reduction of dislocations by choosing growth conditions and step density on the surface.


A mechanized system for harvesting strawberries with minimal damage to fruit is proposed. Cultural requirements involve placing plastic or fiber mesh netting over the beds before growth of leaves and inflorescences begins, permitting leaves and fruit to develop above the netting. The prototype machine developed for the system mows off leaves, raises the netting, cuts off pedicels of fruit supported on the netting and delivers the fruit to a conveyor and bulk box before rolling up the netting for storage. The harvester is supported under and can readily be adapted to most conventional garden tracter designs. Observations on a small sample of fruit harvested by the machine suggest the possibility of a sizable reduction in amount of injury to fruit compared with earlier designs.


Sealed plurality glass window assembly, consisting of the first and second windowpane sheets formed from a transparent material. The first sealing member has an inner end and an outer end, said inner end is mounted sealingly by diffusion bonding the peripheral portion of the first window glass sheet. The second seal member has an inner end and an outer end, said inner end is mounted sealingly by diffusion bonding the peripheral portion of the second glazing sheet, the outer edge is sealed to the outer end of the first seal member It is attached Te. The spacer assembly is located between the first and second glazing sheet, by maintaining the spacing, sealed cavity between the first and second window frame is defined.


The processing properties of SSBR and ESBR from different factories were investigated,and vulcanization behavior,physical properties,wear resistance,wet skid resistance and rolling resistance of SSBR and ESBR compounds were compared.The results showed that,compared with ESBR,the processing properties of SSBR were similar,including the mix and raw rubber,but it was more difficult to process the SSBR compound. The processing properties and physical properties of SSBR compound could meet the requirements of the tire processing and end-use performance.The result of LAT100 test showed that,compared with ESBR,the wear resistance of SSBR vulcanizates decreased,the wet skid resistance and rolling resistance increased.


Using a unique, loan-level database that combines post-disaster home inspection data, flood zone designations, and loan performance measures in the area impacted by Hurricane Harvey, we examine the...


SME business owners in general still tend to utilise a traditional view in implementing their business. Thus, in generating products the applied technology is still low. If entrepreneurs are following the latest development, which focuses on maximising the management of intellectual capital, then the existing entrepreneurs in Indonesia will be able to compete by utilising the competitive advantage gained through innovation and creativity generated by the intellectual capital owned by the entrepreneurs. Distro (distribution store) is a type of store in Indonesia that sells clothing and accessories which are entrusted by the clothing manufacturer or self-produced. A boutique is the result of personal production of the owner and the purchase of clothes from the manufacturer/clothing distributor of a clothing company. The aim of this research is to analyse the effect of human capital on business performance on distro and boutique SMEs in Medan City. The result shows that human capital has a positive and significant effect on the business performance of distro and boutique SMEs in Medan. Furthermore, human capital contributed 78.9% in explaining business performance. Meanwhile, the remaining 21.1% is explained by other variables.


Shortly after the publication of The Reflective Practitioner (1983) and the sequel Educating the Reflective Practitioner (1987) 'reflection-in-action' became a major concept in teacher education. The concept has, however, been criticised on ontological/epistemological as well as practice oriented accounts (Van Manen, 1995; Newman, 1999; Erlandson, 1995). In this paper I argue that reflection-in-action is a theoretical construction that snatches the interacting, working, and producing bodies from their practices, and consequently, matters of politics, of discipline, of institutional interaction and of the workings of social categories are reduced to matters of thinking. Turning to Foucault (1991) I claim that the doctrine of reflection is interwoven in the logic of discipline.


A new type of normally-closed gas microvalve is presented. The valve makes use of two micromachined SMA thin sheet devices, an active SMA device displaying the one-way shape memory effect and a passive superelastic SMA device, which maintains a normally-closed position. The outer diameter and height of the valve are 6 mm. Gas flow experiments in stationary equilibrium reveal a maximum flow of 470 standard ccm (sccm) at a pressure difference of 8000 hPa and a power consumption of 260 mW. The dynamics of heat transfer to and from the active microdevice is investigated by infrared microscopy and coupled FEM simulations. At 300 mW heating power, the heating time is about 1.2 s. Typical cooling times vary between 1.8 and 5 s depending on the gas flow.


Aircraft trajectory optimization problems often include discrete decisions such as flaps settings. In order to use discrete controls in optimal control problems (so-called Mixed Integer Nonlinear Programs, MINLP) reformulation methods are necessary to create a continuously differentiable problem. One of the most promising methods is the Variable Time Transformation (VTT) which is able to find the optimal switching sequence through optimization. However, the optimal result highly depends on the initial guess provided, if it even converges. This is especially true if discrete controls are involved. The aim of this paper is to produce more suitable initial guesses, which help to solve the MINLP fast and numerically stable.


Every age has its official preachers and prophets who castigate its vices and call to a better life. Yet it is not by them that its deepest malaise is revealed, but in the artists and thinkers dedicated to the more painful and difficult task of creating, description and analysis—it is they, the poets, the novelists, the critics, who live through the moral agony of their society in their own personal experience; and it is they, their victories and their defeats, that affect the fate of their generation and leave the most authentic testimony of the battle itself for the benefit of interested posterity. Isaiah Berlin Russian Thinkers


From the late nineteenth century, colonial India experienced a sustained institutionalization of bacteriology. Several laboratories were established starting with the Imperial Bacteriological Laboratory at Poona (1890); the Bacteriological Laboratory at Agra (1892); the Plague Research Laboratory in Bombay (1896); the Pasteur Institutes of India at Kasauli (1900), Coonoor (1907), Rangoon (1916), Shillong (1917) and Calcutta (1924); and the Central Research Institute (CRI) established at Kasauli in 1905. With the setting up of these institutes, issues of laboratory research and ethics assumed critical dimensions in India. The institutes needed and used massive animal resources. To give one example, the production of a single (Semple) vaccine in one Pasteur institute required six thousand rabbits annually.1 This paper seeks to situate animal experimentation in Indian laboratories within the social history of colonialism.

How did science harness its beasts of burden in the Empire? The paper argues that animal experimentation in Indian laboratories needs to be seen within a context in which Indian animals became subjects and resources of the British Empire. The process was a complex one, since debates about animal experimentation in Indian laboratories were shaped both by late Victorian moralities and by Hindu animal sensibilities growing around the contemporary Cow Protection movement. British attitudes towards the local animal population in India reflected their attitudes to the local human population; a mixture of romanticism and authoritarianism. Animal experimentation was legitimized and legalized in colonial India through processes by which the British assumed moral and political agency, by designating Indians as cruel and childlike. No animal experiment legislation was ever introduced in British India, despite a strong movement in favour of it. More importantly, the anti-vivisection movement died out in twentieth-century India almost as rapidly as it had arisen, although sentiments towards animals remained strong and politically volatile. Science, particularly bacteriology, came to the colony in the guise of a positive moral force. This secured immunity from alternative moral critiques of its methods, and as a result a potentially explosive circumstance was mitigated through a moral and political resolution. The issue was not just about the establishment of the Pasteurian method in the colony, but about developing colonial research institutions as establishments of cure and consensus. This reflected not just the genesis of a particular research institution or tradition, but the consensual and simultaneous building of a society, its morality and its scientific tradition.


The results of investigations on chlorination of one of the native uranium ores are presented. These were preltminary experiments initiating more extensive research work concerned with the mechanism and usefulness of extracting uranium from native ores with the aid of gaseous chlorine. The preliminany experiments were designed to afford general information on possibilities of complete extraction of uranium from the ore and selective conducting of the process. (auth)


Objective To study the ultrasound anatomy and normal ultrasonography of parapharyngeal space. Methods In a total of 33 healthy people with normal parapharyngeal space examined by CT and MRI,ultrasound scaning along the exterior edge of inferior maxilla was performed.The distribution,relation of anatomic adjacent areas and ultrasonographic feature were assessed. Results Parapharyngeal space was formed by surrounding of inferior maxilla,parotid,rachis and the parapharyngeal side wall,which was the potential araeosis connective tissue space deep in the upper neck outside of the hypopharynx. The front inferior was the interior edge of salivary gland; the lateral was the deep surface of the parotid gland; the rearward was the interior edge of the mastoid; the interior part was the parapharygeal lateral wall. The exterior edge of chinbone the parapharyngeal space and the transverse surface of parapharyngeal space by ultrasonography were displayed as upside-down triangle. The lateral pterygoid muscles with nerves were difficult to display except for medical pterygoid muscles,the fascia fat tissue of front parapharyngeal space and rear parapharyngeal space showing interphase strong and weak soft tissue hierarchical structure and weak patchy echo zone. Conclusion The salivary gland,parotid gland and mastoid are the three key anatomy elements in examining parapharyngeal space by ultrasound. Ultrasound anatomy of parapharyngeal space has clinical significance in improving awareness of parapharyngeal space illness.


: An Android Automatic Question Paper Generator App is project for college officials to automatically generate papers from an existing Questions Database table by applying constraints to automatically select questions from the database. System has a feature to process different paper sets by default. It takes all the tedious work and makes the manual work quick and effective. The software is very useful for auto nomos institutes for Internal Assessment and Semester Paper. The Application will use the database to compile a questionnaire where the database can contain thousands of queries. Every user will its own database where he can add, update and remove questions from Database. At the end teacher can send the question paper to students through mail 5 min before exam starts.


Missile spins can reduce the disturbance caused by asymmetric body, the eccentric of mass and other problem, and can also lead to the attitude control of missile being more complicated. Dynamic model of a spin missile is established in quasi-body coordinates. The system is divided into inner and outer subsystems through time-scale separation principle. And the controllers of inner loop and the outer loop are both designed by the active disturbance rejection controller (ADRC). The main idea of ADRC is putting the uncertainty of the model, parameters perturbation and unmodelled dynamic as a system of total disturbance, and observing it through the extended state observer, and compensating to system timely. Simulation shows that the system in the conditions of parameters change and disturbance exist can maintain a good dynamic performance.


The utility model relates to a sealing ring mounted on a toilet bowl. The utility model is characterized in that the sealing ring comprises a one-way valve and a sealed body (4); the one-way valve comprises an elastic valve cap (2) and a valve body (3) which is provided with an upper inlet and a lower outlet. The sealed body (3) is arranged on an upper opening connecting ring which is extended outwards at the horizontal direction of the upper inlet of the valve body (3). The valve cap (2) is covered on the lower outlet of the valve body (3). When the utility model is used, a water outlet pipe of the toilet bowl is inserted in the upper inlet of the one-way valve; the lower outlet of the one-way valve is inserted in a water sewerage pipe. Then, the gap between the water outlet of the toilet bowl and the water sewerage pipe is simultaneously sealed by the sealed body, and the seal is simple and reliable. In addition, a water seal part in an elbow of the water sewerage pipe can be omitted because of the one-way valve; the utility model is not easy to cause the blockage of the water sewerage pipe.


The present invention pertains to a cooling ring for welding bellows, a cooling ring for welding used in the manufacture of bellows, which include multiple pairs of diaphragms, wherein a pair of diaphragms are formed of a first diaphragm and a second diaphragm disposed to face the first diaphragm. The cooling ring includes: an arc-shaped main body which is disposed to bring the first diaphragm and the second diaphragm into contact with each other in the state in which the main body is in contact with the first diaphragm and/or the second diaphragm, and includes copper; and a plating layer which is plated on the main body, wherein the plated layer includes at least one selected from the group consisting of nickel and chromium. Since the present invention is provided with the arc-shaped main body, which includes copper, and with the plating layer, which is plated on the main body, the present invention does not generate, during welding, the powder of metals such as copper, aluminum, gold, silver or the like, which have high electric conductivity.


In this study we examine four Swedish newspapers' visual coverage of the Tunisian and Egyptian uprisings in 2010 and 2011 – commonly known as the "Arab Spring Revolution", the "Jasmine revolution" ...


We have developed a theoretical model to study the highly nondegenerate four wave mixing (HNDFWM) in /spl lambda//4-shifted DFB laser diodes. Frequency detuning up to 4 THz between the self-generated pump wave and the injected probe wave is envisaged. Wavelength-converted signal can be generated in a comparable bandwidth. Our results are in very good agreement with recent experiment.


Empirical studies of employment discrimination litigation have steadily increased in number since the early 1990s.1 Although this increase is largely due to the greater availability of statistical software packages for personal computers and comprehensive data sets from state and federal courts, the realization that such litigation constitutes a significant part of the federal docket has almost certainly provoked further research.2 Initially, researchers and commentators were mostly concerned about whether the increasing volume of employment discrimination litigation created an undue burden on federal courts.3 More recently, concern has shifted to the ability of employment discrimination plaintiffs to obtain favorable outcomes in court and through settlement.4 Investigations of the success rate of employment discrimination plaintiffs face two primary challenges: obtaining accurate data and defining success. The first challenge is primarily practical; the second challenge is primarily conceptual. Accurate data is available to the


The Northern Hemisphere is, to a large extent, underlain by permafrost, which is prone to thawing due to rapid warming in the Arctic during the 21st century. In this context, satellite-derived soil moisture data are valuable for modeling purposes. Assessing the applicability of such data at high latitudes is essential but has, until recently, been given little attention. Recent studies have pointed out that seasonal land cover variations and the presence of small water bodies, which are typical in the Arctic, can cause complications for soil moisture retrieval. Here, it is hypothesized that a bias related to water fraction is caused by variations in the water surface roughness. The impact is quantified for the Metop Advanced Scatterometer by investigations of the higher spatial resolution synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data acquired by ENVISAT Advanced SAR over 11 sites across the Siberian Arctic. The bias calculated as an average over time can be explained by the lake fraction: a water fraction higher than 20% causes a bias of more than 10% relative surface soil moisture. This can, to a great extent, be attributed to wind, based on which a bias correction was developed. The correction was applied and evaluated with in situ soil moisture data, which were available from one of the sites: the Lena Delta. Weak results are obtained because water surfaces correspond mainly to rivers at this site. Variations in discharge, water height, and streams may therefore also affect the water surface roughness.


Climate warming and sea ice decline are expected to increase fish population movements in the circumpolar Arctic, including across the Canadian Arctic Archipelago (CAA). Knowledge gaps on present distribution, habitat uses, barriers to dispersal, and population connectivity along the Northwest Passage (NWP) limit science-based management of fish in the North American Arctic. Pelagic trawl, bottom trawl, and ichthyoplankton net collections from the US Beaufort Sea to Baffin Bay between 2005 and 2017 are used to map fish distribution along the NWP and identify potential zoogeographic barriers. In the Kitikmeot (southern CAA), the combination of shallow depths, sub-zero temperatures and slow water circulation may represent a physical barrier reducing the dispersal of marine fish between western and eastern regions. In contrast, the Parry Channel (northern CAA) may exemplify a disappearing sea ice barrier as climate warming unfolds and allow new genetic exchanges.


Objectives The onset of the national stay-at-home orders accompanied by a surge in firearm sales has elevated the concerns of clinicians and public health authorities. The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of the stay-at-home orders among gunshot wound (GSW) trauma admissions. Methods This was a retrospective cohort study at six level I trauma centers across four states. Patients admitted after the onset of COVID-19 restrictions (March 16, 2020–June 30, 2020) were compared with those admitted during the same period in 2019. We compared (1) rate of patients with GSW and (2) characteristics of patients with GSW, by period using Χ2 tests or Fisher's exact tests, as appropriate. Results There were 6996 trauma admissions across the study period; 3707 (53%) in 2019 and 3289 (47%) in 2020. From 2019 to 2020, there was a significant increase in GSW admissions (4% vs. 6%, p=0.001); 4 weeks specifically had significant increases (March 16–March 23: 4%, April 1–April 8: 5%, April 9–April 16: 6%, and May 11–May 18: 5%). Of the 334 GSWs, there were significant increases in patients with mental illness (5% vs. 11%, p=0.03), alcohol use disorder (2% vs. 10%, p=0.003), substance use disorder (11% vs. 25%, p=0.001), and a significant decrease in mortality (14% vs. 7%, p=0.03) in 2020. No other significant differences between time periods were identified. Conclusion Our data suggest that trauma centers admitted significantly more patients with GSW following the national guidelines, including an increase in those with mental illness and substance use-related disorders. This could be attributable to the stay-at-home orders. Level of evidence Level III, retrospective study.


Background Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and spondyloarthritis (SpA) have an increased risk of developing tuberculosis (TB), which is possibly related to the disease itself, as well as to the treatment with immunosuppressive drugs. Several studies investigated this risk; however, they usually include patients with established disease and patients who received long-term treatment. Objectives To investigate the association between history of TB and early RA (ERA) and early axial SpA (ESpA) in 2 French cohorts, ESPOIR (1) and DESIR (2), at onset of the disease. Methods Baseline data of 689 ESPOIR patients (age 48.2±12.1 years, symptom duration 14.2±14.5 weeks) and 645 DESIR patients (age 32.8±8.4 years, axial symptom duration 79.0±45.7 weeks) were analyzed. The frequency of history of TB was determined in each cohort. The prevalence (95% confidence intervals (95% CI)) of history of TB was compared to the age and gender adjusted prevalence in the French general population (data gathered from the statistic reports of the French National Health Insurance Fund for the Employees, including almost 90% of the total French population). Results 4.6% of ERA patients and 0.9% of ESpA had a history of TB. The prevalence (95% CI) of TB history was significantly higher in ESPOIR and DESIR than in the general population (4.7% (3.3%>6.6%) and 1.0% (0.4%>2.3%), vs. 0.02%) after adjustment for age and gender. The increase was more accentuated in women for both cohorts. Table 1. Prevalence of history of TB in the French population in comparison with 95% CI of TB in ESPOIR, DESIR Gender Age groups French population ESPOIR early RA DESIR early axSpA N Prevalence (%) N 95% CI (%) N 95% CI (%) Men 35–39 407 0.02 0 0–24.07 1 0.1–11.38 40–44 430 0.02 0 0–26.76 0 0–17.81 45–49 427 0.02 1 0.04–37.91 1 0.16–17.51 50–54 427 0.02 0 0–12.64 – – 55–59 470 0.03 2 1.29–25.76 – – 60–64 429 0.03 2 1.46–28.47 – – 65–69 307 0.03 0 0–25.35 – – Women 35–39 296 0.01 1 0.13–14.73 0 0–6.85 40–44 314 0.02 1 0.09–9.98 1 0.11–12.47 45–49 319 0.02 3 1.04–12.03 1 0.13–15.07 50–54 353 0.02 3 0.92–10.69 – – 55–59 348 0.02 9 5.2–19.41 – – 60–64 286 0.02 5 3.16–19.41 – – 65–69 263 0.02 5 6.53–36.48 – – Total 6810 0.02 32 4.69 (3.28–6.63) 6 0.99 (0.4–2.25) Conclusions We found an increased frequency of history of TB in ERA and ESpA even after short symptom duration, and before treatment start. These data are based on self-declaration of patients and should be checked, but are in line with the increased frequency of positivity of Quantiferon in the RA population. These results should prompt rheumatologists to check for tuberculosis already early in disease. References Combe B et al. Joint Bone Spine. 2007 Oct;74(5):440-5. Dougados M et al. Joint Bone Spine. 2011 Dec;78(6):598-603. Acknowledgements AMG was supported by a EULAR scientific training bursary for 6 months. Disclosure of Interest None declared DOI 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-eular.1970


Biodiesel was the general name of fatty acid methyl ester,which was obtained through the transesterification of animal and vegetable oil and lower alcohol.It was a kind of "clean,easy-degradation,reproducible" energy.Research progresses of biodiesel preparation by thermal cracking process,transesterification process,direct use and blending process,microemulsions process and ester catalysis were discussed.Biodiesel characteristics were expatiated from the aspects of environmental protection,safety and reproducibility.The present technology problems and future tendency of biodiesel were put forward.


Abstract We have studied the effect of four monoterpenes on the growth of two cellular slime molds, Dictyostelium minutum Raper and D. macrocephalum Hagiwara, Yeh et Chien. (4S)-(+)-carvone was the monocyclic monoterpene we tested, while (1S)-(-)-verbenone, (1R)-(-)-fenchone, and (1R,5R)-(+)-β-pinene were the bicyclic monoterpenes we employed. One μL of four different concentrations (0.006M, 0.06M, 0.6M and 6M) of each monoterpene were applied to both species, through the use of the Disk Volatilization Technique. (4S)-(+)-carvone possessed a superior inhibitory activity against both D. minutum and D. macrocephalum, at 0.6M concentration (p≤0.001), while growth rate enhancement occurred after application of (4S)-(+)-carvone at concentrations of 0.006M and 0.06M on D. minutum and D. macrocephalum (p<0.05). The inhibitory effects of the monoterpenes on the growth of D. macrocephalum increased proportionally to the applied compound concentrations in most cases. When the bicyclic monoterpenes (1R)-(-)-fenchone and (1S)-(-)-verbenone were administered to D. macrocephalum, however, it was greatly inhibited even at low concentrations (p<0.05 and p<0.001). The bicyclic monoterpene (1R,5R)-(+)-β-pinene inhibited the growth rate of D. minutum and D. macrocephalum at most concentrations, but at 0.006M concentration (1R,5R)-(+)-β-pinene caused slight enhancement. Microscopic examination of changes in the shapes of the fruiting bodies matched the effects observed on the growth rates. These results suggest that the inhibitory or enhancing effects of the selected monoterpenes on both D. minutum and D. macrocephalum depend on the number of cyclic skeletons as well as the concentration of the individual compounds.


The literature shows that category management is an important concept and tool for retailers and suppliers, but that there is a trend to move to a more shopper-centric category management approach, linked to the shoppermarketing approach. However, the knowledge on this issue is scarce on some retailing sectors, like convenience stores. The present study is focused on convenience stores, with the main purpose of finding out to what extent non-major food retailers successfully adopt a shopper-centric category management. The study is relevant in order to evaluate if a more shopper-centric approach is adequate to smaller companies/stores. To accomplish that goal, an exploratory qualitative study was conducted among convenience store retailers and suppliers. Six semistructured face-to-face interviews were conducted with Commercial Directors and Trade Marketing Managers. This data was complemented with thirteen interviews with shopper marketing experts. The data was analyzed using thematic content analysis technique, identifying themes, categories, subcategories, units of meaning and relations. The results revealed that convenience store retailers use some of the principles and techniques of the shopper-marketing and shopper-centric category management approaches, which they do in a non-standardized and non-formal approach or process. Their suppliers (the manufacturers) do it in a more formal and structured manner, probably as a result of previous interaction with major supermarkets chains. Both direct and indirect evidences of a shopper-centric approach were found, which, however, were slight, discrete and not formal. © 2016 Published by Future Academy www.FutureAcademy.org.uk


The polarized hyperspectral remote sensing combines hyperspectral remote sensing with polarization. However, research on polarized hyperspectral remote sensing started late and the data is far from enough. This paper presents the simulation of a simple scene based on hyperspectral and polarized models, which consists of canopy and wall. When analyzing wall's secondary scattering effects to the surrounding canopy, the paper introduces a comprehensive analytical expression for Bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) which includes specular, directional diffuse and uniform diffuse reflection and performs scene simulation with geometric model. The outcome of the paper will provide theoretical base for the more complex polarized hyperspectral scene simulating and modeling in the further research.


The lower actinopterygian fishes are classified using dermal skull roof pattern, in particular the various configurations displayed by the bones on the otic branch of the infraorbital canal (dermosphenotic, intertemporal-supratemporal/dermopterotic). Where possible these patterns are related to the sequential acquisition of derived features, and the resulting cladogram represents a synthesis of dermal bone pattern and endochondral and dermal skeletal characters. We have proposed 27 terminal groups which we tentatively regard as monophyletic and have concluded that Polypterus is the most primitive living taxon, that the Chondrostei is the sister-group of Saurichthys and Luganoia the most derived stem-group neopterygian.


Abstract
A review is presented of cosmic ray data with special regard to heavy nuclei, the interactions of heavy nuclei with matter and the radiobiological significance of low energy nuclei. The flux of the heavy nuclei in the upper atmosphere was measured by balloon-borne plastic stacks which were flown several times at 40 g cm−2 residual atmosphere for a total time of 25 hr. From these measurements and from theoretical investigations the probabilities for hits of stopping nuclei per cm3 of tissue for SST-flights at different altitudes are derived.


It is difficult for policy-maker to make a routing when some unexpected accident or a series of unexpected accidents occur during the transportation process. From the online point of view, we analyze the waiting strategy, circuity strategy and the mix strategy for the online recoverable routing problem and their competitive ratios are given. We show that the competitive ratio of the mix strategy is better than the competitive ratio of the waiting strategy and the circuity strategy within the same assumption.