Based on the temporal framework of transition experiences, this study tested time-graded patterns of family resource effects on children's and early adolescents' psychological adjustment during a time of multiple transitions. Using data of a longitudinal study including 2,020 German children covering the age span between 8 and 12 (nboys = 1,035, ngirls = 985), internalizing and externalizing problems were predicted by parent-child relationship and family's educational background in a multi-group structural equation model, applying time-lagged autoregressive models. The results showed positive resource effects especially through parent-child relationship. The gender-specific effect patterns over time supported the assumption of stronger resource effects when early puberty onset and secondary school transition co-occurred. Thus, it is important to provide support for this vulnerable group during times of multiple transitions.


With China's economic growth has increased in recent years overseas travel. The reasons, characteristics and preferences of the Chinese population to travel abroad, we analyzed: tastes, preferred travel season, duration of the trip, travel information search channels, preferred destinations, or the problems that the Chinese have when traveling abroad.


We present a revision of the hierarchical, modular Discrete Event System Specification (DEVS) modeling formalism. The revision distinguishes between transition collisions and ordinary external events in the external transition function of DEVS models. Such separation enables us to extend the modeling capability of the collisions. The revision also does away with the necessity for tie-breaking of simultaneously scheduled events, as embodied in the select function. The latter is replaced by a well-defined and consistent formal construct that allows all transitions to be simultaneously activated. The revision provides a modeler with both conceptual and parallel execution benefits.


Abstract Objective: To evaluate the significance of conducting ovarian reserve testing and decide when to order this testing in the clinical setting. And also to give individualized counseling to patients regarding the prognosis of infertility treatment based on their ovarian reserve tests, such as: basal antral follicle count, basal ovarian volume, ovarian stromal blood flow, ovarian biopsy, basal serum Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH), basal serum estradiol, basal serum inhibin B, basal anti-Mullerian hormone serum. Clomphine Citrate Challenge Test (CCCT), GnRH Agonist Stimulation Test (GAST), and Exogenous FSH Ovarian Reserve Test (EFORT). Method: Literature study on published studies about the methods of ovarian reserve testing. Conclusion: Ovarian reserve is an important key in initial assessment of the infertile patients and as a predictor of the success of infertility treatment. Currently, there is no single test which is highly reliable for assessing ovarian reserve. AMH serum may be a future hope and suggested as the best biomarker. [Indones J Obstet Gynecol 2011; 35-4:235-40] Keywords: ovarian reserve test


This is an account of history in the making in the areas of South Arabia which increasingly claim national and international attention. The author traces the events leading up to the Federation of Aden and the Western Protectorate of Arab States and the explosive problems that follow.


We propose a gas cluster ion beam treatment for silicon waveguide trimming and demonstrated this treatment can effectively trim the silicon waveguides. This GCIB method is promising to trim resonators for a designed add/drop wavelength.


Mathematically strong and numerically efficient approach for waveguides and cylindrical resonators of arbitrary profile simulation is suggested. The approach is based on new implementation of Analytical Regularization Method. Numerical simulation of the waveguides and resonators for E-(TM-) polarized waves demonstrates the method efficiency and reliability.


Mary White was born in South Africa to an entomologist father and a botanist mother, but spent most of her early years in Southern Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe), where her father was First Director of Ag ...


Background: The study of the morphological changes in embryonic development up to the stages of zoea and megalopa, is essential for the culture of crustacean and to distinguish one species from another in the classification of the decapods. Goals: Identify the morphological characteristics of the first zoea of Stenorhynchus debilis (Smith, 1871), to differentiate from the first zoeas of species of the same genus. Methods: S. debilis ovigerous females were collected and kept in captivity. From spawned eggs the stage of embryonic development was identified and the morphology of the first zoea was studied, using a bright field microscope equipped with a digital camera and Image Pro® software. Results: The orange eggs are 380-450 µm of diameter. The embryonic identified stages were: multiple divisions, blastula, gastrula and pre-zoea. The following morphological characteristics of the first zoea were identified: the straight spine 10% larger than the length of the carapace; a triangular spine in the frontal region of the carapace, a pair of chromatophores in the vicinity of each somite and fur branches of the telson with large and curved terminal spines. Conclusions: These morphological characteristics of the first zoea of S. debilis make it possible differentiate from the first zoeas of the same genus, such as S. seticornis and S. lanceolatus.


We measured [Fe/H] and [α/Fe] using spectral synthesis of low-resolution stellar spectroscopy for 70 individual red-giant-branch stars across four fields spanning the outer disk, Giant Stellar Stream (GSS), and inner halo of M31. Fields at M31-centric projected distances of 23 kpc in the halo, 12 kpc in the halo, 22 kpc in the GSS, and 26 kpc in the outer disk are α-enhanced, with [α/Fe] = 0.43, 0.50, 0.41, and 0.58, respectively. The 23 and 12 kpc halo fields are relatively metal-poor, with [Fe/H] = −1.54 and −1.30, whereas the 22 kpc GSS and 26 kpc outer disk fields are relatively metal-rich with [Fe/H] = −0.84 and −0.92, respectively. For fields with substructure, we separated the stellar populations into kinematically hot stellar halo components and kinematically cold components. We did not find any evidence of a radial [α/Fe] gradient along the high surface brightness core of the GSS between ∼17 and 22 kpc. However, we found tentative suggestions of a negative radial [α/Fe] gradient in the stellar halo, which may indicate that different progenitor(s) or formation mechanisms contributed to the build up of the inner versus outer halo. Additionally, the [α/Fe] distribution of the metal-rich ([Fe/H] > −1.5), smooth inner stellar halo (rproj ≲ 26 kpc) is inconsistent with having formed from the disruption of a progenitor(s) similar to present-day M31 satellite galaxies. The 26 kpc outer disk is most likely associated with the extended disk of M31, where its high α-enhancement provides support for an episode of rapid star formation in M31's disk possibly induced by a major merger.


In model-driven software development, it is a key technology that transform from platform independent models at higher abstract level to platform specific models at a lower level. The approach to create mapping rules is profoundly impacted with the gap between the source model and the target model. By abstractly analyzing the characteristic of syntax and semantics of modeling languages, an approach to define model transformation rules is proposed on the basis of semantic consistency. Firstly, the user must construct an abstract semantic model through an in-depth analysis of target platform. Secondly, the user build mapping relations from source model to target model via abstract target semantic model. This work is based on the idea of elements in source semantic domain being reconstructed in the target semantic domain. The approach can provide an effective support for validating mapping rules between different abstract level models. JavaEE is used as a target of the transformation to interpreting the process to define mapping rules.


The paper discusses Russia's regional information agencies. It provides arguments for the usefulness of this institution in the context of responsibility to provide multifaceted information about modern Russia in its geographical, ethnic, political and cultural diversity as well as covering a variety of subjects and issues. The author offers a definition of a regional information agency based on a comprehensive typological analysis of the agencies. Their typological characteristics are highlighted. The outcome of the analysis is a series of recommendations useful in developing the most effective regional information agency models that would meet the demands of the Russian national and regional information markets.


This chapter examines the International Criminal Court (ICC), based in The Hague, the Netherlands. It delves into the legal cooperation regime of this, in many aspects, historic court-which, it must be clarified from the start, does not only cover judicial assistance but also assistance in the field of police work. The chapter limits itself to an examination of the cooperation regime (1) between the ICC and individual European Union (EU) Member States and (2) between the ICC and the EU as such. It aims to provide a general overview of the main characteristics of and some concrete examples related to these two central topics. Before addressing the central subject, the chapter provides the reader with some brief and basic information on the Court. It argues that the interaction between the ICC and the EU is likely to increase in the years to come. Keywords: European Union (EU) Member States; International Criminal Court (ICC)


Provided is a management device (30) that has: an electronic device control means for controlling operations of multiple electronic devices (20) which are configured so as to receive electricity from a common uninterruptible power supply device (10) in the event of a power outage of a commercial power supply; and a monitoring means for detecting power outage and restoration of the commercial power supply. The electronic device control means transmits a shutdown command to some of the electronic devices (20) if the monitoring means does not detect restoration of the commercial power supply before a predetermined amount of time passes after the monitoring means detected power outage of the commercial power supply.


ment disorders (Rutter, Kreppner, & Sonuga-Barke, 2009). Traditionally, the main attention was directed to security/insecurity, but the need for an additional construct of disorganisation soon became clear (see Cassidy & Shaver, 2008). Insecurity of attachment in infancy has only a weak association with the development of later psychopathology whereas disorganisation is not only more often found in high risk circumstances but also usually more strongly predicts mental disorder. More recently, it has been appreciated that, in addition, consideration of attachment disorders is required. These show the strongest association with severe psychosocial risk. Obviously, there will be interconnections among these different constructs but what are they, and how do they operate? The authors of Fearon et al. (2014) make an important contribution in opening up key questions on both the variety of attachment features and the crucial transition from a dyadic characteristic to an individual attribute that includes thoughts and feelings about attachment relationships and not just behavioural responses to separation and reunion.


Jinchanggou gold deposit,found in Liuhe County,Jinlin Province,1980s,is a small gold(copper) deposit,which is a typical cryptoexplosion breccia mineral deposit.The figure,occurrence and scale of volcanic pipe,the correlation between the gold deposit and structure is investigated and studied,as well as the figure,occurrence,and alteration of the deposit.Then the metallotect,enrichment regularity and genesis of this kind of gold deposit is generalized.


Aim A retrospective review of the management of adjacent level discectomy and fusion using a Zero-P (Synthes) cage and report of ease of technique and outcomes. Method Surgical approach to adjacent level cervical disc protrusion with previous anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) can be difficult. We review 4 patients who had previous ACDF with cage and plate who developed new onset adjacent level cervical disc prolepses causing myelopathy. A retrospective review of demographic data, symptoms, details of surgery, pre and post operative radiology, pre and postoperative ODI and pain score, length of stay, complications and follow-up data were collected in all patients. Results Previous ACDF with plate was performed in all 4 patients an average of 11.6 years ago. Two patients had bilateral approaches previously and both had previous vascular injuries. The average duration of current symptoms was 9 months with a mean age of 65 years. All patients presented with myelopathy and two also had radiculopathy. Multiple level ACDF were operated in 2 patients previously. Revision surgery and dissection on the disc level was restricted by the previous plate. Screws from the previous plate fusion were removed adjacent to the level of surgery and discectomy was performed using distractor pins through the screw sites. Following discectomy a Zero-P cage was used to fusion with DBX under image intensifier guidance. The advantage was not to remove the previous plate and keep the dissection over the scar tissue to the minimal. All patients improved in their radicular symptoms with improvement of their hand function in the myelopaths. There was no complication and post operative radiographs were satisfactory. Conclusions Use of the Zero-P cage for adjacent level discectomy and fusion was safe without disturbing the previous cage and plate fusion or stability.


We study route planning in a different environment. We assume that transport is offered by vehicles—our host agents—and consumed by pedestrians—our client agents. We further assume that the clients do their trip planning autonomously, i.e., trip planning becomes decentralized. Clients do their trip planning ad-hoc, which means that they have to get knowledge of the current transport network. Our hypothesis is that clients need to have only local knowledge of the transport network to come up with nearly optimal trip plans.


Accurate prediction of the structural response of panels to extreme thermal-acoustic loading will be necessary in the design of future Air Force vehicles. The structural response is random due to the nature of the acoustic loading and is nonlinear due to the intensity of the loading. The nonlinearity necessitates time integration which becomes computationally expensive given a full-order finite element model of a structural component. Progress has been made recently in the development of methods to construct reduced-order models from full-order finite element models. The models are structural modal models augmented with nonlinear stiffness terms. Experimental work has indicated that coupling between the structure and the acoustic field can be significant. Currently, the acoustic loading appears in the models as an external force and is not coupled to structural dynamics. This paper presents an improvement where the structural reduced-order model is augmented by adding terms that couple the model to a linear acoustic modal model. An acoustic modal model is also augmented to couple the structural response to the acoustic modes. Both modal models are integrated simultaneously to provide a tightly coupled solution. Examples are presented to demonstrate the method.


Poinsettia, tulip, and calla lily with symptoms of bacterial diseases were analyzed in this study. Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens was found as a disease agent of poinsettia and tulip, Pseudomonas putida - of calla lily, and Pseudomonas chlororaphis - of tulip. The pathogens were identified by their biochemical characteristics, including the system Biolog. PCR was also performed for identification purposes of the Pseudomonas strains. C. flaccumfaciens, P. putida, and P. chlororaphis are reported as pathogens of these hosts for the first time in Bulgaria.


Aim To investigate the effects of emodin isolated from Guangxi P.multiflorum Thunb on the expression of KU70/KU80 in hypoxic nasopharyngeal cancer CNE-1 cells and reveal the relationship between radiosensitization of emodin monomer and DNA repair genes.Methods The expression of hypoxia inducible factor-1α(HIF-1α)and DNA double-strand break repair genes(KU70/KU80)between the experimental groups and the control group under hypoxic condition was detected by the real-time fluorescence quantitative RT-PCR.Results Expression of HIF-1α was significantly increased under hypoxia condition.HIF-1α had no change after treatment with emodin alone.The expression level of KU70/KU80 was induced by radiation.Compared with radiation alone group,radiation combined hypoxia group obviously enhanced the expression of KU70/KU80.KU70/KU80 mRNA expression significantly reduced after radiation combined with emodin under hypoxic condition.Conclusion In the hypoxic environment,emodin combined with radiotherapy can effectively inhibit the expression of HIF-1 α and DNA double-strand break repair genes(KU70/KU80),which may be its mechanism of radiosensitization.


Natural sources such as plants, microorganisms and animals provide a range of natural medicinal mixtures for the treatment of various infectious diseases. There is increasing need to search new antibacterial agents due to the rising incidences of bacterial infections and their resistance towards antibiotics.The antimicrobial production is a common phenomenon for most bacteria. Due to this reason the aim of the present study was focused on the isolation, of microbial strains showing antimicrobial activity from the soil collected near the roots of Calotropis species growing at UIET campus of M D University Rohtak. Microorganisms were isolated by serial dilution, plating method and grown on nutrient agar medium. All isolated strains were tested for antimicrobial activity using agar well diffusion method. Out of 8 isolates 7 strains showed antimicrobial activity. The characterization of isolates was carried out by morphological method, biochemical method and molecular characterization techniques. The isolate having highest antimicrobial activity was identified as Bacillus cereus by16S rRNA sequence analysis.


The technology and condition of color-protection in sweet potato processing were studied in this paper. The color-protection technology was chosen by the experiment of single factor and orthogonal design. The experimental result showed that effect of color-protection factors from strong to weak by citric acidNaHSO3VC. The optimal compound of color-protection's liquid was obtained: the concentration of citric acid was 0.8%, the concentration of NaHSO3 was 0.6%, the concentration of VC was 0.4%. In addition, the temperature of processing sweet potato was lower than 25 ℃ and the period of color-protection was an hour.


We demonstrate an on-line vibration monitoring technique by using a compact LPFG with a heat-shrinkable tube. We successfully measure the vibration characteristics of such objects as steel rods and steel pipes using vibration monitoring technique.


Previously we focused on fundamental transverse mode selection (TMS#0) of broad area semiconductor lasers (BALs) with two-arm folded integrated resonators for Fourier-optical spatial frequency filtering. The resonator had a round-trip length of 4f, where f is the focal length of the Fourier-transform element (FTE), that is, a cylindrical mirror in-between the orthogonal resonator branches. This 4f set-up can be called "retracted once" due to the reflective filter after 2f; that is, the 2f path was used forwards and backwards. Now the branches are retracted once more resulting in a compact 1f long linear resonator (called "retracted twice") with a round-trip length of 2f. One facet accommodates the filter, while the other houses the FTE, now incorporating a film-waveguide lens. The BAL facet with the filter represents both the Fourier-transform plane (after 2f, i.e., one round-trip) as well as the image plane (after 4f, two round-trips). Thus filtering is performed even after 4f, not just after 2f. Experimental results reveal good fundamental TMS for pump currents up to 20% above threshold and a one-dimensional beam quality parameter = 1.47. The BALs are made from AlGaInAsSb, but the concept can equally well be employed for BALs of any material system.


Employees have been receiving paychecks via direct deposit for almost 40 years. In 2005, there were 4.4 billion direct deposits. Physicians, however, have some catching up to do.


Significance
 Available second-quarter data indicate a shallower recession in most of the eleven eastern EU member states (EU-11) than the rest of the EU in January-June. This may be due to a strong start in January-February, followed by strict but shorter lockdowns and macroeconomic measures introduced to smooth the COVID-19 pandemic's impact. However, the number of cases is still a concern.

 Impacts
 Projections for economic recovery in the second part of the year will be subject to downside risks.
 European solidarity will likely continue to be tested by political controversy over the rule of law.
 A European-wide vision for green, digital transformation and resilience may emerge.


The lipolytic bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens was cultivated in nutrient broth supplemented either with olive oil, sunflower oil or soybean oil. Presence of oil delayed bacterial growth and lipase production, but the finally obtained cell density and amount of lipase was approximately the same as in unsupplemented nutrient broth. The lipase hydrolyzed soybean oil to a greater extent than olive oil and sunflower oil, respectively. Fatty acids were deteriorated into volatile compounds which were detected in the head-space gas over the fat containing media. The volatile fraction was found to contain alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, esters, furans, sulphur compounds, and hydrocarbons.


Measurements are presented on the coefficient of rolling friction for steel balls rolling on hard surfaces. Two simple techniques are described, both suitable for use in a student laboratory, and both capable of measuring friction coefficients as small as 0.0001. The coefficient of rolling friction depends strongly on ball radius, an effect first observed by Coulomb in 1785. In this work, the dependence on ball radius is found to be similar to that observed by Tabor in 1955 using steel balls on rubber and on soft metal surfaces. However, it is found that rolling friction on a hard surface is due primarily to surface roughness rather than the hysteresis losses commonly associated with soft balls or soft surfaces. It is also found that the coefficient of rolling friction is approximately proportional to rolling speed.


SCIENTIFIC models often seek explanations of observable phenomena in terms of processes taking place at levels, or space-time scales, too small or too large to be directly perceivable. The abstract nature of such models makes them difficult for students to understand. A very good example is offered by the field of genetics, which deals with systems ranging from DNA molecules to whole populations of organisms. Since 1992, we have been developing and evaluating a computerized exploratory environment to help students learn genetics. Our software comprises six distinct levels, covering molecules, chromosomes, cells, organisms, pedigrees, and populations. Each level offers visual representations of the information available, as well as tools for manipulating the information. The information flows between the levels, linking them so the effects of manipulations at any one of them are observable at each of the others. The levels thus combine to form a seamless program we call GenScope.


tions of discussed features. Locations for radargram (AA') and stratigraphic interpretation based on both radargrams and optical mapping (B-B') shown. Figure modified from Tanaka et al. 2008. NEW CONSTRAINTS ON THE FORMATION OF ABALOS MENSA, PLANUM BOREUM FROM RADAR STRATIGRAPHY AND HIGH-RESOLUTION IMAGERY. T. C. Brothers 1 and J. W. Holt 1 , 1 University of Texas Institute for Geophysics, Jackson School of Geosciences, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78758 firstname.lastname@example.com; firstname.lastname@example.com


Activated carbon (AC) was obtained from carbonaceous raw material that normally prepared through carbonization and activation process in certain conditions. The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential application of coconut shell activated carbon as methylene blue (MB) removal from aqueous solution. The carbonization process was a process converting the raw materials to char involving temperature 300 to 500oC. In the activation process, the pore size increased when impregnating with phosphoric acid, H3PO4 as acid activating agent and sodium hydroxide, NaOH as basic activating agent. The pore size of CSAC was characterized by using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) for phase identification and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) for detecting functional group that present in CSAC. After that, the kinetic study was investigated in order to determine the percentages removal of dyes (MB) once the adsorbent (CSAC) was introduced to the adsorbate (MB). It can be concluded that increasing the amount of CSAC also showed increment of dye removal. The results indicated that the coconut shell activated carbon could be employed as a low cost alternative in controlling wide range of sorption processes.


We propose a semantic attention mechanism for image caption generation, called text-conditional semantic attention, which allows the caption generator to automatically learn which parts of the image feature to focus on given previously generated text. To acquire text-related image features for our attention model, we also improve the guiding Long Short-Term Memory (gLSTM) structure by back-propagating the training loss though semantic guidance to fine-tune the CNN weights. In contrast to existing gLSTM methods, such as emb-gLSTM, our fine-tuned model enables guidance information to be more text-related. This also allows jointly learning of the image embedding, text embedding, semantic attention and language model with one simple network architecture in an end-to-end manner. We implement our model based on NeuralTalk2, an open-source image caption generator, and test it on MSCOCO dataset. We evaluate the proposed method with three metrics: BLEU, METEOR and CIDEr. The proposed methods outperform state-of-the-art methods.


In the development of the processes of quality management in third level education, three distinct moments can be identified, namely, Macrosystems, Institutional systems and Microsystems. This article analyzes the incoherencies currently present in the quality of management of the different systemic levels of third level education, due to the extemporaneousness in the development of these processes as well as the diversity of interests involved in their definition. Finally, emphasis will be put on the development of quality in Microsystems, in which, through the reflections of professors on the quality of their performance and the feedback of students and colleagues, it is possible to delineate action for the ongoing perfection of academic practice.


VEHICLE INCLUDES 10 TWO MAIN TRACK 12A, 12B AND BODY NOT TRACK 14 ARTICULATED AROUND A COMMON AXIS XX. EVERY BODY TRACK INCLUDES TWO TRACKS 20A, 20B PLACED SIDE. ENGINES ARE DOORS BY TRACK BODY 12A, 12B, ONE OF THEM SUPPORTING-MOTOR DRIVE TRACK LOCATED ON ONE SIDE OF THE VEHICLE AND ENGINE COMMANDER JOINT BODY OF TRACK BETWEEN THEM, AS THE OTHER BODY SUPPORT TRACK MOTOR DRIVE TRACK LOCATED ON THE OTHER SIDE OF THE vEHICLE AND COMMANDER MOTOR DIRECTION BODY NO TRACK AROUND 14 AXIS XX. BODY NO TRACK 14 SUPPORT THE LOAD HOME C.


Characteristic of feminist approaches to religion is that of Rita Gross. In Feminism and Religion she offers basic definitions of technical terms, discusses the relation between descriptive and normative approaches to the study of religion, explores the historical interaction between feminism and religion, and examines four specific problems (referring to the "exclusion" of women from discussions of religion, the "sexism" in world religions, whether the latter is primordial, and what form a new religion should take). Like her feminist colleagues in the academic world, of course, Gross attacks male scholars. To her credit, she attacks some feminists as well (though more gently). The latter are ethnocentric, she argues, because they have not widened their scope beyond Christianity and Judaism to include the many other traditions studied by historians of religions. In any case, she succumbs to several rather serious fallacies. Some of these, after decades of feminist advocacy in the name of scholarship, had already


With the constantly growing and changing requirements of app users, web techniques are used in mobile application development for better cross‐platform compatibility and online update. As the embedded web contents gain complexity, debugging web apps become a critical demand. Web replay tools can record program inputs and reproduce the same execution for debugging and performance tuning. However, traditional replay approaches are largely intended for apps with desktop interaction methods (keyboard, mouse) and require modification to the browser, which limits their applicability in mobile platforms.


This study investigates the effect of nano zinc oxide on cure characteristics and mechanical properties of natural rubber composites in comparison with the effect of conventional zinc oxide. Six rubber compounds were prepared with nano zinc oxide (particle size = (10-30) nm and surface area = (30-60) m2/g) and levels of (0,0.4,0.8,1.2,1.6,2) phr (parts per hundred parts of rubber weight). Six rubber compounds were prepared with conventional zinc oxide levels of (0,2,4,5,6,8) phr. The cure rate index was improved by 48.29% and torque difference was improved by 4.77%. The tensile strength was improved by 7.37% and the modulus at 300% was improved by 3.27%, while the hardness was decreased by 5.73%. The using of nano zinc oxide instead of conventional zinc oxide reduced the amount of zinc oxide inside rubber composites by 75%.


The VAP method is used to retrieve the Doppler radar wind vector field.During the design of the calculation of the wind direction and intensity by using the distributions of the Doppler velocity on the distance circle,no obvious pulses are needed in the radar base data.The base data disposal is combined with the wind field retrieved method on the square area.This method maintains the characteristics of the sub-synoptic scale on the square area without changing the base data while ensuring the wind field retrieved property.


According to the transport requirements and structural characteristics of double carrying rope material ropeway, a lever type double carrying rope material ropeway system is proposed. Through lever device and limit device, the tension between two carrying ropes can be adjusted automatically. Combined with the terrain, the stress status of the main components of the material ropeway is obtained through analysis and calculation, and the selection parameters of the components such as working rope, self-adjusting device and saddle are proposed and checked by finite element analysis. The results show that the components meet the structural strength requirements, and the automatic balance adjustment function of the designed material ropeway system can improve the stability of the material ropeway operation, reduce the difficulty of adjustment in the construction process, and improve the construction safety and efficiency.


SYNOPSIS. Structural and functional patterns in the evolution of the actinopterygian feeding mechanism are discussed in the context of the major monophyletic lineages of ray-finned fishes. A tripartite adductor mandibulae contained in a maxillary-palatoquadrate chamber and a single mechanism of mandibular depression mediated by the obliquus inferioris, sternohyoideus, and hyoid apparatus are primitive features of the Actinopterygii. Halecostome fishes are characterized by having an additional mechanism of mandibular depression, the levator operculi—opercular series coupling, and a maxilla which swings anteriorly during prey capture. These innovations provide the basis for feeding by inertial suction which is the dominant mode of prey capture throughout the halecostome radiation. A remarkably consistent kinematic profile occurs in all suction-feeding halecostomes. Teleost fishes possess a number of specializations in the front jaws including a geniohyoideus muscle, loss of the primitive suborbital adductor component, and a mobile premaxilla. Structural innovations in teleost pharyngeal jaws include fusion of the dermal tooth plates with endoskeletal gill arch elements, the occurrence of a pharyngeal retractor muscle, and a shift in the origin of the pharyngohyoideus. These specializations relate to increased functional versatility of the pharyngeal jaw apparatus as demonstrated by an electromyographic study of pharyngeal muscle activity in Esox and Ambloplites . The major feature of the evolution of the actinopterygian feeding mechanism is the increase in structural complexity in both the pharyngeal and front jaws. Structural diversification is a function of the number of independent biomechanical pathways governing movement.


Because there is no effective treatment for late‐stage prostate cancer (PCa) at this moment, identifying novel targets for therapy of advanced PCa is urgently needed. A new network‐based systems biology approach, XDeath, is developed to detect crosstalk of signaling pathways associated with PCa progression. This unique integrated network merges gene causal regulation networks and protein‐protein interactions to identify novel co‐targets for PCa treatment. The results show that polo‐like kinase 1 (Plk1) and DNA methyltransferase 3A (DNMT3a)‐related signaling pathways are robustly enhanced during PCa progression and together they regulate autophagy as a common death mode. Mechanistically, it is shown that Plk1 phosphorylation of DNMT3a leads to its degradation in mitosis and that DNMT3a represses Plk1 transcription to inhibit autophagy in interphase, suggesting a negative feedback loop between these two proteins. Finally, a combination of the DNMT inhibitor 5‐Aza‐2'‐deoxycytidine (5‐Aza) with inhibition of Plk1 suppresses PCa synergistically.


Five-year-old olive plants (cvs. Frantoio and Moraiolo) grown in large pots were exposed for seven months to ambient or high atmospheric CO2 concentration ([CO2]) in free-air CO2 enrichment facility. Exposure to elevated [CO2] enhanced net photosynthesis and decreased stomatal conductance, leading to greater water use efficiency. Stomatal density also decreased in elevated [CO2], while the ratio of intercellular to atmospheric [CO2] did not differ among leaves grown in ambient or enriched [CO2]. Cultivar differences in response to high [CO2] should be taken into account when planning future olive plantations in forecasted warmer and drier Mediterranean sites.


Rubber (Hevea brasiliensis Muel Arg.) is a commodity that make country devisa .the goverment have decided the development of national rubber policy from increasing clon using to more than 85% with minimal productivity rate 1500 kg/ha.Purpose of the research is to know the strength/weakness and chance/threat also to analisys the development of rubber clon material for citizen rubber agribuisness  in North Sumatera province. North Sumatera province have strength in development of rubber clon material  for citizen rubber agribuisness such as have plantation resource, goverment support, rubber farmer resource, and  have weakness in seeds resource root stock. Entres resource and the currency control by the charge agency. The cost of the natural rubber is much better now, high request for excellent rubber seeds, in globalisation trading era have chance in development rubber clon material for citizen rubber agribuisness in notrh sumatera province and have threat such as the competition with palm oil commodity, rubber seeds marketing system that not yet efficient also the investation that not fully condusif. The priority strategic in development of excellent rubber clon material  for citizen rubber agribuisness in north sumatera province is : 1) rubber entres plantation seeds resource investation and purification entres plantation 2) investation and determine seeds resource plantation for root stock,  3) to build the plantation of rubber entres seeds resource in central location of the contruction for citizen rubber plantation 4) increasing quality seeds control by the charge agency. Key words : excellent clon, rubber entres, rubber agribuisness


3D modeling has been revolutionized in recent years by the advent of computers. While computers have become much more affordable and accessible to the masses, computer modeling remains a complex task involving a steep learning curve and extensive training. In this paper we describe the MozArt Table, our effort to redefine the interface for computer modeling to make it more accessible to lay users. We have explored both the hardware and software aspects of the interface, specifically, the use of intuitive speech commands and multitouch gestures on an inclined interactive surface. The paper describes our approach, hardware setup and the technology used to make it work.


Environment pollution is now not only an outdoor but also an indoor problem to be solved. Having discussed the influence of indoor environment pollution to people's health as well as their daily life, the author of this paper gives a way for us to take precautions against it.


Seasonal dry weights of female and male Cyclops bicuspidatus thomasi, Diaptomus ashlandi and Diaptomus minutus were studied in southeastern Lake Michigan during 1975-1981. Smallest animals oc- curred during summer and early fall, and largest animals in winter and spring, a pattern reported for other copepods. The range of weights for the species and sexes decreased from winter to summer, and converged in summer to a value of approximately 2 /tg/animal. Surface water temperature and abundances ofyoung- of-the-year (YOY) fish were inversely correlated with weights of males and females of the three copepod species. Standing stocks of important phytoplankton groups, especially pennate diatoms and flagellates, were positively correlated with copepod weight. Seasonal change of copepod body size appears to be more than simply a function of temperature; seasonal predation by YOY fish may be a factor influencing sizes of adult copepods.


Background: Mitochondrial dysfunction drives the development of vascular endothelial dysfunction in type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Endothelial cells from either T2DM patients or healthy individuals exposed to high glucose exhibit increased fragmentation of mitochondrial networks, in part due to increased mitochondrial fission protein 1 (Fis1) expression, which drives mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production. Whether suppressing Fis1 expression or activity reverses endothelial dysfunction in resistance arteries from humans with T2DM and healthy vessels exposed to abnormal glucose concentrations remains unknown. Methods: Resistance arterioles from the gluteal adipose pad were obtained from healthy humans and those with T2DM. Vessels underwent intra-luminal transfection with Fis1 siRNA (20 nM) and were exposed to normal glucose (NG, 5 mM), low glucose (LG, 2.5 mM) or high glucose conditions (HG, 33 mM). Endothelium-dependent vasodilation was measured by videomicroscopy. Vessel NO bioavailability was determined by DAF2-DA fluorescence. Immortalized human dermal microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC-1) cells were transfected with Fis1 siRNA to determine its impact on endothelial layer integrity and metabolism. We designed pep213 to inhibit Fis1 activity, and tested pep213's affinity for Fis1 using nuclear magnetic resonance and intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence titration experiments. Pep213's ability to reverse impaired endothelium-dependent vasodilation in T2DM and HG-exposed healthy vessels was determined by videomicroscopy. Results: Fis1 knockdown improved endothelium dependent vasodilation in T2DM arterioles (P=0.002), and blocked HG (P=0.0008) and LG-induced (P=0.0002) impairment of endotheliumdependent vasodilation of healthy vessels. Fis1 knockdown preserved NO bioavailability and improved endothelial layer integrity of cells exposed to HG or LG (P<0.001). Fis1 knockdown had no significant effect on the expression of other mitochondrial dynamics or autophagy proteins, and had no effect on endothelial cell metabolism. Pep213 demonstrated low micromolar affinity for Fis1 (3.3-7 μM). Tat sequence-linked pep213 improved endothelium-dependent vasodilation in T2DM (P<0.001) and non-T2DM vessels exposed to HG (P<0.001). Conclusion: Reducing Fis1 expression reverses impaired vascular endothelial function and NO bioavailability in T2DM resistance arteries and in settings of abnormal glucose concentrations. Pep213, designed to inhibit Fis1, has similar favorable effects. These data support further development of therapeutics targeting Fis1 to reduce vascular complications in T2DM.


Four patients with paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia have been studied using programmed electrical stimulation of the heart and intracardiac recordings. One patient had an atrioventricular (A-V) junctional tachycardia, possibly due to a rapidly discharging protected ectopic focus, and three patients had anomalous atrioventricular connections. The ECG recordings in all four patients showed a bundle branch block pattern during tachycardia, and normal intraventricular conduction could be produced by suitably timed right ventricular premature beats. The cycle length of the tachycardia was shorter with normal intraventricular conduction than in the presence of a bundle branch block pattern in two patients. Evidence is presented indicating that the bundle branch block during tachycardia was likely to be due to concealed retrograde conduction of the appropriate bundle branch, and in the presence of an anomalous bypass, the cycle length of the tachycardia depended on the anatomical relationship of the anomalous bypass to the blocked bundle branch.


Sine surface standing wave is produced on the liquid surface by using π shaped linear vibration source and is regarded as an ideal reflecting raster. The laser beam can be diffracted by this kind of raster and diffraction facula is produced. On the basis of above principle and using LCCD hard ware measuring system and corresponding data collecting and processing system, the surface tension of the liquid is measured real-timely and accurately.


BKNano, a prototype of a Forecasting and research management system, was developed in 2011 to provide an informational basis for organizations participating in Russian National Nanotechnology Infrastructure Network. It is based on a novel nanomaterial research ontology and incorporates, among other tools, a step-by-step technology roadmap wizard that uses forecasts generated in the system. Current work involves implementing an Information Extraction module and resolving other natural language processing related issues. The paper describes development process, key features of the system and some of the arising natural language processing questions. Keywords: Ontology, nanotechnology, technology roadmap, information extraction, natural language processing;


As the scale of System-on-Chip (SoC) grows rapidly in recent years, the communication burden between on-chip elements becomes much greater than before. Network-on-Chip (NoC) has been proposed as a solution for this issue. However, it is difficult to use mathematical models to analyze the application-specific NoC with various topologies, switching architectures and routing algorithms. Existing simulators tend to divide the whole simulation flow into independent stages. This division causes inaccurate simulation results in packet delay, traffic load, power consumption, etc. In this paper, we propose a top-down Message passing Interface (MPI) style hierarchical simulation framework, MSNS (MPI Style NoC Simulator), for the NoC systems. It integrates the layers from application down to network infrastructure. This simulation framework can achieve more reliable and accurate simulation results for application-specific NoC system. It is based on SystemC to adapt to both high level abstraction and RTL (Register Transfer Level) implementation. In order to achieve the generality, MPI standard for parallel processes is used as the communication interface. Both a specific parallel computation system and the NoC infrastructure can be evaluated in this simulation framework. The more accurate simulation results can be achieved with dynamic traffic in MSNS. The availability of MSNS is proved with case study.


Background: Despite better understanding of various aspects of Sudden Cardiac Death (SCD), mortality from the disease still remains very high. Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the most common cause of SCD in all parts of India. The American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines and the Heart Rhythm Society (ACC/AHA/HRS) guidelines recommend the use of implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) therapy as a primary prevention. Aim: The aim of our study was to assess the clinical and demographic profile, complications and quality of life (QOL) of patients undergoing ICD implantation as compared to controls at a tertiary care center of north India. Method: A total of 64 patients with mean age 54.39± 11.54 years were implanted ICD during a period of one year. During the same period, 51 patients in which ICD could not be implanted due to financial reasons were included as controls. Of the 64 patients, 43 (67.19%) patients received ICD for primary prevention whereas 21 (32.81%) patients received it for secondary prevention. Result: At a follow up of 6 months, mortality was 4 (7.84%) in ICD group as compared to 8 (15.69%) in control group. Mortality from SCD in ICD and control group was 2 and 5 respectively (P = 0.23). ICD interrogation data was collected for 37 cases of which 19 (51.35%) patients had records of ventricular tachycardia (VT) and 3 (8.1%) patients had records of ventricular fibrillation (VF) respectively. Total VT/VF episodes recorded in primary prevention group were 10, whereas 12 in secondary prevention group. Success rate of ATP and ICD shocks were 30.23% and 95.92% respectively. All 47 VT/VF episodes were terminated by shocks. Conclusion: The QOL of patients undergoing ICD implant was better in the domains of social relationship and environment though the difference was not significant statistically. Overall, there was a significant reduction in SCD mortality and no deterioration in QOL.


Supporting and advancing women's science careers continues to be of interest to researchers, scientists, science funders and universities. Similarly, collaboration strategies and social networks are important to understanding the advancement of scientific careers. This research aims to marry these two lines of research, women in science and collaboration and network strategies, to investigate and compare the ways in which men and women scientists seek advice and support from women in their networks. Specifically, we use a sample of women and men in electrical engineering, computer science, physics, chemistry, earth and atmospheric sciences, and biology to assess (1) the extent to which female and male scientists seek advice from women colleagues and (2) the extent to which female and male scientists receive support from women in their networks. The results point to important differences in women's and men's advice and support networks across fields of science.


An acqueous concentrated liquid disinfectant composition which blooms when added to a larger volume of water which comprises the following constituents: a terpene based Solvent; germicidal cationic Surfactant, preferably a quaternary ammonium compound having germicidal properties, organic Solvent constituent; a binary co-Solvent System comprising alkyl diphenyl Solvent and a co-Solvent; one or more nonionic Surfactants, optionally but desirably at least one optional constituent Selected from: chelating agents, coloring agent, light Stabilizers, fragrances, thickening agents, hydrotropes, pH adjusting agents, pH buffers one or more detersive Surfactant constituents particularly non-ionic and amphoteric Surfactants, as well as others known the art and useful in Similar compositions, and, the balance being water.


, Basalts with high contents of Ti are widespread in Late Proterozoic basins in the Avalon zone of northern Nova Scotia These basins also contain thick andesites and rhyolites, with subduction-related geochemical signatures, that are overlain by turbidites. the high-Ti basalts geochemically resemble some continental tholeiites that are enrichedin high-field-strength elem;nts such as Zr' Ti and Y. They are associated with minor basalt of ocean-island-tholeite and alkaline compoiitions. A comlarison with similar rocks from Africa and the margin of Iapetus suggests that the high-Ti basalts formed by pariial melting of mantle similar to that which is tlte source for enriched MORB. All these enriched continental tholeiites tendto show some Iepletion in \ and Tay relative to La11: this phenomenon therefore cannot be used as an indicator of a subduction-related origin, The co-occurnence of such enriched mantle and of subduction in northem Nova Scotia appears to be coincidental. Keyvords: basalt, continental tholeiite, suMuction, proterozoic, Avalon zone, Nova scotia.


UK Abstract: Abstract: Mao Zedong Thought is an important guiding ideology of the Chinese Communist Party. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, the field of dissemination of Mao Zedong Thought in Russia can be mainly divided into scholarly literature dissemination and left-wing inter-party dissemination. Its dissemination trends have also changed in the 21st century influenced by the class and cultural background of Russian scholars, the domestic political and diplomatic situation in Russia, and other factors. This paper will give an overview of the current situation of the dissemination of Mao Zedong Thought in modern Russia, focus on the analysis of numerous influencing factors, and look forward to the development prospects of the dissemination of Mao Zedong Thought abroad.


A new force sensor Viscoprobe in a mixer is tested and compared with Wattmeter mixing power measurement and concrete moisture probe Orbiter also in the same mixer of an industrial batching plant, over 11 SCC truck mixer productions. The Viscoprobe measures water proportioning variations batch per batch with ±1,2 L/m accuracy. The comparison of the 3 sensors signals leads to the improvement of each measurement accuracy through a better understanding of physical product evolution while mixing. With new processing of wattmeter and Orbiter measurements, accuracies are estimated ±2.5 L/m. Should data be processed as in previous studies, accuracies are about ±4.5 L/m . The measurement field of validity is different for each sensor and combined use is recommended (example Viscoprobe and wattmeter). The combined use of several sensors and new processing methods improve the previously assumed accuracies and make measurement reliable. Once these tools, available from now on, are operating, online quality control and then close-loop control inside the mixer of production to the quality can be considered in the short term.


The preparation and characterization of titanium-doped iron oxides–styrene isoprene styrene block copolymer composites is reported. The precursor, as-synthesized nanoparticles, contains akaganeite, maghemite, and titanium-doped maghemite. Hysteresis loops obtained by SQUID measurements revealed an exchange biased field assigned to the presence of akaganeite nanoparticles. It was found that the coercive field and the exchange bias field decreases as the temperature of the sample is increased. The temperature dependence of the magnetization revealed a blocking temperature of about 220 K. The ESR spectra in the temperature range 150 K to about 300 K are single broad resonance lines. It was observed that the resonance line position is strongly temperature dependent due to the combined action of the external and molecular magnetic fields. The decrease of the resonance line width as the temperature is increased is governed by the reorientation of the magnetization. Thermally activated movements of magnetic nanoparticles within the soft phase (polyisoprene) of the matrix may also contribute to resonance line narrowing. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 43: 3432–3437, 2005


Methods for the nonlinear refractive index measuring in a dissipative medium are elaborated. The fast nonlinearity dispersion is measured in (alpha) -SiC(6H) crystals in the intersubband absorption range (hw approximately 2 eV). The conclusion is made regarding silicon carbide nonlinearity mechanism.


─ In this work, a Sinc shaped printed monopole antenna is proposed for wireless devices. The radiating element is a strip monopole configuration folded in the shape of a Sinc function where the radiating element is an extension of 50 Ω microstrip line. The proposed antenna not only represents a compact configuration but is easier to design and feed. Several configurations of truncated Sinc(2x) monopole geometry are taken into consideration to show the resonance behavior at single, two or more than two frequencies for multifrequency operation. The detailed parametric study has been carried out in terms of several truncated Sinc configurations, ground plane size, feed gap and Sinc strip length to achieve the desired band of operation. The design formula is also presented for the proposed monopole antenna. Finally, a prototype model is developed and the simulated results are validated experimentally for a particular configuration. It is seen that the proposed antenna occupies small area, depicts good radiation characteristics and is suitable for wireless devices operating at DCS/PCS/IMT-2000/UMTS frequencies. Index Terms ─ Monopole antenna, multiband antenna, multifrequency antenna, patch antenna, Sinc antenna.


The purpose of the present invention is to provide a substrate with an embedded circuit that can prevent noise caused by intermodulation and also provide a composite module provided with the substrate with an embedded circuit.
A substrate (1) with an embedded circuit is provided with: a substrate main body (2); an electric circuit formed by internal electrodes (3) provided within the substrate main body (2) and to which an RF signal is input; external electrodes (4) provided in contact with the electric circuit on the substrate main body (2) and having a base metal layer and a nickel layer that covers at least part of the base metal layer; and a permanent magnet (5) disposed on the substrate main body (2). Therefore, noise caused by intermodulation arising in the nickel layer of the external electrodes (4) can be prevented.


A whiskerless millimeter-wave mixer diode that yields performance comparable to that of the highest-quality whisker-contacted diodes is discussed. The diode uses an etched surface channel and planar air bridge to obtain greatly reduced parasitic capacitance. At 94 GHz, the room-temperature diode exhibited a conversion loss of 5.3 dB+or-0.5 dB and an equivalent input noise temperature of 518 K+or-50 K SSB (single sideband). >


We report a Born–Oppenheimer molecular dynamics study of HgClOH to address the nonharmonic (NH) effects which are important in the development of classical interaction potentials. The electronic structure calculations were performed with the second order Moller–Plesset version of perturbation theory. For the Hg and Cl atoms, the Stuttgart–Dresden relativistic effective core potentials were used with extended-optimized valence basis, while for O and H the aug-cc-pVnZ (n = D,T,Q) basis sets were used. Dynamic effects introduce non-negligible changes to the equilibrium HgO distance and the ClHgO angle which shows rather large (but still harmonic) variations. The largest NH effects appear for the in-molecular-plane HOHg bending and the OH stretching modes. The results for the isolated molecule are relevant to compare the geometrical parameters with the water-solvated species, both through cluster models or through condensed liquid phase studies. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


The spectrum of core excitations of the Abrikosov vortex pinned by a nanohole of the size of the coherence length is considered. While the neutral zero energy Majorana core state remains intact due to its topological origin, the energy of charged excitations is significantly enhanced compared to that in the unpinned vortex. As a consequence of the pinning the minigap separating the Majorana state from the charged levels increases from Δ2/EF (EF is the Fermi energy and Δ is the bulk p-wave superconducting gap) to a significant fraction of Δ. Suppression of the thermodynamic and kinetic effects of the charged excitations allows us to isolate the Majorana state so it can be used for quantum computation. It is proposed that thermal conductivity along the vortex cores is a sensitive method to demonstrate the minigap. Using the Butticker–Landauer–Kopnin formula, we calculate the thermal conductance beyond the linear response as a function of the hole radius.


To define the selective toxicity of pirimicarb (5,6-dimethyl-2-dimethylamino-4-pirimidinyl dimethyl carbamate) for use in integrated control, the toxicity of a 50% wettable powder and a fumigant were tested vs. 1 pest and 3 beneficial arthropod species. Although pirimicarb was highly toxic to the green peach aphid ( Myzus persicae (Sulzer)) it was not toxic to Chrysopa carnea Stephens, Encarsia formosa Gahan, and Phytoseiulus persimilis Athias-Henriot. Therefore, pirimicarb could be a particularly useful pesticide in a multipest, integrated control program for greenhouse crop production where aphids, whiteflies and mites coexist.


Today's product development is faced with an increasing pressure to reduce the time to market and respond to a growing quantity and complex design requirements. Besides economic aspects and customer requirements these requirements also comprise demands of new environmental legislation, such as the WEEE, RoHS and EUP directives by the European Union. These regulations force producers to take into account a product's life cycle performance already during the product development phase. This paper presents a new approach to improve the control of product requirements and its development process with the integration of the end-of-life oriented evaluation software ProdTect and the product conceptual design tool FOD. A washing machine is used as application example to demonstrate the advantages of this approach


The invention relates to a novel preparation method for Mitiglinide calcium. The method comprises the steps: enabling (S)-2-benzyl succinic anhydride, cis-octahydroisoindole and sodium hydride, which serve as raw materials, to be subjected to one-pot-method reaction, so as to produce Mitiglinide sodium; and enabling Mitiglinide sodium and calcium chloride to be subjected to reaction in an aqueous solution, thereby obtaining the Mitiglinide calcium product. The Mitiglinide calcium product can be further refined. The method has the characteristics of simple process, easiness and feasibility in operation, mild conditions and controllable isomers, and industrial production is easy to realize.


Acetic acid is a byproduct of many biochemical processes and has considerable commercial value. In the state of Maine, a pulp mill with a production rate of 1000 tonnes of pulp per day will generate approximately 30 tonnes of acetic acid per day. The most cost intensive portion of the separation of acetic acid from the pulp extracts is its separation from water. This paper will focus on one of the developing alternatives for this separation, membrane technology. A viable option for an industrial membrane would be silica-based. The research will include membrane synthesis and the comparison of a distillation column and liquid-liquid extraction to several membrane/ separation column hybrids using ASPEN Plus and MathCAD simulation models. The addition of pervaporation/vapor permeation will decrease the economic burden of some current separation techniques. The simulation results suggest that the combination of a stripping column with a hydrophobic and hydrophilic membrane has the lowest equivalent annual operating cost with a high recovery at a specified purity of 99wt% excluding the cost of the membrane itself. The laboratory results support the variability of polymerization and binding characteristics of Aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES), however suggest that there should be further testing on the stability of silica membranes. Other recommendations include testing membrane cascade, recycle streams, and the use of other functionalized membrane groups for a better separation factor. Annual Report 2011 Summary The highlights this year included the graduation of a doctoral candidate, David Cassidy, who successfully defended his Ph.D. thesis entitled, "Preparation and characterization of atomic layer deposition and molecular layer deposition modified mesoporous silica membranes." His work has been published in Chemical Vapor Deposition. The final chapter of his thesis is currently under manuscript preparation for submission to the Journal of Membrane Science. In addition, an undergraduate researcher, Ogechi Ogoke, has begun learning research techniques in membrane characterization within our laboratory. Tyrone Ghampson was supported on a supplemental grant to travel to Concepcion, Chile, to work with Professor Nestor Escalona regarding catalytic activity of mesoporous silica supported catalysts for hydrodeoxygenation. A paper entitled "Comparison of aluminaand SBA-15-supported molybdenum nitride catalysts for hydrodeoxygenation of guaiacol," has been accepted for publication in Applied Catalysis A: General. This activity was initiated during my sabbatical spent in Concepcion with a Technology Development Unit in Chile focused on forest bioproduct and process development. Included below are updates on these activities. Molecular layer deposition modification of mesoporous silica membranes David E. Cassidy and William J. DeSisto Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469 Laboratory for Surface Science and Technology, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469 Forest Bioproducts Research Institute, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469 Abstract Mesoporous silica membranes dip-coated onto an alumina support with a mean pore radius of 2.5 nm, were subsequently modified using molecular layer deposition, MLD. An inorganic/organic material was deposited within the membrane resulting in a reduction in permeance values of light gases. The MLD reactions studied were trimethyl aluminum with oxalic acid (OA MLD) and with o-phthalic acid (PA MLD). The reactions took place in sequential order, similar to ALD, where a self-limiting process occurs that controls film deposition. The OA MLD modification of mesoporous silica resulted in a membrane that had its porosity reduced significantly (>95%) in the first deposition cycle and after 10 deposition cycles had a permeance value 233 times lower than the unmodified membrane. The PA MLD modification of mesoporous silica resulted in a membrane with a less pronounced decrease in porosity than the OA MLD membrane and a permeance of N2 after 10 deposition cycles that was considerably higher (28 times) than the 10 cycle OA MLD membrane. Both modified membranes had a He/N2 selectivity greater than the theoretical Knudsen value. Analysis of the permeance data for both membranes indicated that transport occurred largely by Knudsen diffusion. The permeance reduction in the MLD modified membranes was due to a combination of porosity and mean pore radius decrease. Molecular layer deposition provides an alternative synthesis technique for creating inorganic/organic membranes.Mesoporous silica membranes dip-coated onto an alumina support with a mean pore radius of 2.5 nm, were subsequently modified using molecular layer deposition, MLD. An inorganic/organic material was deposited within the membrane resulting in a reduction in permeance values of light gases. The MLD reactions studied were trimethyl aluminum with oxalic acid (OA MLD) and with o-phthalic acid (PA MLD). The reactions took place in sequential order, similar to ALD, where a self-limiting process occurs that controls film deposition. The OA MLD modification of mesoporous silica resulted in a membrane that had its porosity reduced significantly (>95%) in the first deposition cycle and after 10 deposition cycles had a permeance value 233 times lower than the unmodified membrane. The PA MLD modification of mesoporous silica resulted in a membrane with a less pronounced decrease in porosity than the OA MLD membrane and a permeance of N2 after 10 deposition cycles that was considerably higher (28 times) than the 10 cycle OA MLD membrane. Both modified membranes had a He/N2 selectivity greater than the theoretical Knudsen value. Analysis of the permeance data for both membranes indicated that transport occurred largely by Knudsen diffusion. The permeance reduction in the MLD modified membranes was due to a combination of porosity and mean pore radius decrease. Molecular layer deposition provides an alternative synthesis technique for creating inorganic/organic membranes. Note: Manuscript in preparation, published as David Cassidy's Ph.D. thesis Comparison of aluminaand SBA-15-supported molybdenum nitride catalysts for hydrodeoxygenation of guaiacol I. Tyrone Ghampson, Catherine Sepúlveda, Rafael Garcia, J.L. García Fierro, Nestor Escalona, , William J. DeSisto, a Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, United States b Unidad de Desarrollo Tecnológico, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 4051, Concepción, Chile c Universidad de Concepción, Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas, Casilla 160c, Concepción, Chile d Instituto de Catalisis y Petroquimica, CSIC, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain e Forest Bioproducts Research Institute, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, United States Abstract The hydrodeoxygenation of guaiacol (2-methoxyphenol) has been studied in a batch reactor over aluminaand SBA-15 silica-supported molybdenum nitride catalysts at 300 ◦C and 5 MPa of hydrogen pressure. The catalysts were prepared by nitriding supported Mo oxide precursors with ammonia gas or nitrogen–hydrogen mixtures via temperature-programmed reaction. The alumina-supported catalysts had a higher activity relative to the SBA-15 silica-supported catalysts which was essentially due to catechol production, an effect of the alumina support. The SBA-15 silica-supported catalysts transformed guaiacol directly to phenol by demethoxylation without noticeable catechol production. On both supports, nitridation by ammonolysis increased the activity by a factor of 1.1 relative to nitridation by nitrogen– hydrogen. On SBA-15, ammonolysis preferentially produced the _-Mo2N phase while the N2/H2 mixture produced the _-Mo2N0.78 phase. The incorporation of Co led to a marginal improvement in exposed Mo species but generally had a diminishing effect on HDO activity. The lack of catechol production using the SBA-15 silica support is important in minimizing coking reactions and also opens up possibilities for utilizing silica supports with highly controlled pore sizes to possibly influence product distribution in HDO of more diverse feed streams derived from biomass conversion processes.The hydrodeoxygenation of guaiacol (2-methoxyphenol) has been studied in a batch reactor over aluminaand SBA-15 silica-supported molybdenum nitride catalysts at 300 ◦C and 5 MPa of hydrogen pressure. The catalysts were prepared by nitriding supported Mo oxide precursors with ammonia gas or nitrogen–hydrogen mixtures via temperature-programmed reaction. The alumina-supported catalysts had a higher activity relative to the SBA-15 silica-supported catalysts which was essentially due to catechol production, an effect of the alumina support. The SBA-15 silica-supported catalysts transformed guaiacol directly to phenol by demethoxylation without noticeable catechol production. On both supports, nitridation by ammonolysis increased the activity by a factor of 1.1 relative to nitridation by nitrogen– hydrogen. On SBA-15, ammonolysis preferentially produced the _-Mo2N phase while the N2/H2 mixture produced the _-Mo2N0.78 phase. The incorporation of Co led to a marginal improvement in exposed Mo species but generally had a diminishing effect on HDO activity. The lack of catechol production using the SBA-15 silica support is important in minimizing coking reactions and also opens up possibilities for utilizing silica supports with highly controlled pore sizes to possibly influence product distribution in HDO of more diverse feed streams derived from biomass conversion processes. Note: Manuscript accepted for publication in Applied Catalysis A: General Dr William DeSisto is a chemical scientist at the cutting edge of porous membrane research. He explains why Atomic Layer Deposition is so important to his work and the potential applications Can you outline the background from which your current research into silica membranes has eme


Aim: The aim of this study was to compare initial and final exercise tolerance and to evaluate the determinants of exercise capacity improvement—after three weeks of inpatient cardiac rehabilitation.
Methods: A cohort of 494 patients after acute coronary syndrome (ACS), treated with primary coronary angioplasty (age 60 years ± 10 years, 27.5% women) was studied retrospectively. Possible correlations between improvement and age, gender, body mass index (BMI), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and the initial exercise capacity (EXT1) were assessed.
Results: The highest percentage of patients with improvement (43.6%) was in the medium tercile of LVEF (> 42% but ≤ 50%) and was more likely in the medium tercile of initial exercise tolerance [> 5.7 but ≤ 8.4 metabolic equivalent of tasks (METs)]. Receiver-operator characteristic (ROC) curves were developed and the following cut-off values were found: for LVEF > 43% (this value had 69.6% sensitivity in predicting improvement; the chance of improvement was 2.67 higher than in patients with LVEF ≤ 43%); for EXT1 ≤ 8.4 METs (this value had 70.8% sensitivity, the chance of improvement was 1.86 higher than in the other subgroup). No significant relationship between improvement and gender, age or BMI was found.
Conclusions: The combination of LVEF > 43% and EXT1 ≤ 8.4 METs relates to the highest probability of exercise tolerance improvement after cardiac rehabilitation.


In a two-year study, grazing, resting and fouling behaviour of cattle grazing on heterogeneous semi-natural/ naturalised continuously grazed, fenced pasture areas (sites), were examined using two and nine sites in year 1 and 2. Five vegetation types were identified and mapped out on the sites used in the study: four typical speciesrich semi-natural vegetation types (dry, mesic, wet, shaded), and one naturalised, grass-dominated type on former fertilised arable land. The two sites used in year 1 and seven sites in year 2 contained all five vegetation types, while one or two vegetation types (dry and wet) were absent on the remaing two sites in year 2. Behaviour was recorded over 24 h on three occasions in year 1, and on one occasion in year 2. During observation hours, animal behaviour (grazing/resting/other) and vegetation type grazed were recorded at 5-minute intervals and time and location of defecation and urination were recorded continuously. Vegetation types were sampled for herbage analysis directly after behaviour observations by cutting the vegetation in three random plots per type. Relative preference for grazing, resting and fouling was calculated for each vegetation type by dividing proportion of behaviour observations spent on a specific vegetation type by proportion of total area occupied by this vegetation type. The results showed that during both years, animals showed the greatest relative preference for the naturalised vegetation type when grazing or fouling (urination and defecation). The naturalised vegetation type also had the greatest content of metabolisable energy (from 9.8 to 10.1 MJ/kg DM) and crude protein (from 131 to 157 g/kg DM) and the least content of neutral detergent fibre (from 453 to 456 g/kg DM).


Abstract In order to study the quality changes and shelf life of chitosan coated eggs during storage, the quality, gas chamber diameter, yolk coefficient and the quality change of Hough unit during storage were measured at temperature of 5, 20 and 35 ℃. The Pearson correlation between the quality indexes and the egg Hough's unit value was analyzed, and the yolk coefficient was analyzed dynamically and the shelf life prediction model was based on the basis of the Arrhenius equation. The results showed that the quality of eggs, egg yolk coefficient, and Huff units all decreased with the extension of storage time, and the diameter of the air chambers of eggs showed an increasing trend with the extension of storage time. Moreover, the storage environment at high temperature (20 and 35 ℃) had a significant effect on the quality deterioration than the low temperature (5℃) storage environment; The correlation coefficient between egg yolk coefficient and Hough unit is the highest at all temperatures, which can be used as an important indicator for shelf life prediction; According to the changing rule of egg quality, the yolk coefficient can establish a first order kinetic model. According to the model established by the egg yolk coefficient, the coefficient R2 of the fitting curve of the predicted value and the measured value is 0.9825, and the average relative error P is 9.32% and less than 10%. The kinetic relationship between yolk coefficient and temperature is well described. At the same time, based on the dynamic model, the shelf life prediction model of chitosan-coated eggs based on yolk coefficient was determined by the dynamic model. The average relative error was 7.6%, less than 10%, which indicated that the egg shelf life prediction model based on the change of egg yolk coefficient was feasible.


Four kinds of seeding containers and three kinds of seedling media were used as the test materials to nurse Rhus typhina L. seedlings.The results were that one year old container seedling was more resistant to drought than two year old non container seedling under continuously droughty and windy condiations in spring, and the former survival rate was 57 4%.seedling media of Rhus typhina L. should use mixed soil instead of topsoil,and seedling container should be 8 cm×18 cm plastic film container(no botton,no hole), which enhanced seedling's resistance to drought.


Numerical methods for the description of nonequilibrium many-particle quantum systems such as equation of motion techniques often cannot compute the full statistics of observables but only moments of it, such as mean, variance and higher-order moments. We employ here the maximum entropy method to numerically construct unbiased statistics based on the knowledge of moments. We verify the feasibility of the proposed method by numerical simulation of a simple birth-death model for quantum-dot-microcavity lasers, where the full photon and carrier statistics are available for comparison. We show that not only the constructed statistics but also the computed entropy and the Lagrange multipliers, which appear here as a byproduct, provide valuable insight into the physics of the considered system. For example, the entropy reveals that, in contrast to common wisdom, the photon statistics of the microcavity laser above threshold is better described by a Gaussian distribution than by a Poisson distribution. Our approach is general and can be applied to many other systems emerging in physics and related fields.


The autobiography of Olaudah Equiano (1745–1797) offers an unusual portrait of the dynamic relationship between scripture and colonialism. In 1789 Equiano, who also went by the name Gustavus Vassa, related his experience of slavery to support abolitionism in Britain in the form of a best-selling, two-volume autobiography titled The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano, or Gustavus Vassa, the African, Written by Himself. Equiano's autobiography comprises a striking description of religion and culture among the Igbo of West Africa, the nation with which he identified by birth. According to Equiano, the Igbo were descended from ancient Jews, and their religion was a modern survival of ancient biblical religion. This claim, seemingly casual at first, is actually a complicated maneuver that reveals how deeply he had mined a trove of biblical commentary to shape his interesting narrative for a skeptical readership. The early modern genre of biblical commentary, which was deeply influenced by the exigencies of European colonialism, constitutes in its own right an authoritative literature that proved quite useful for Equiano.


This paper studies certain solutions of non linear equations that model physical processes having similarities with coherent structures of the hard sphere type –a model for particles that is widely used in various branches of physics. These compact solutions (drops, kinks, etc.) interact among themselves only across short distances, because they do not possess infinite tails live classical solitons.


Abstract : This thesis proposes and demonstrates a method for determining the effect of combat engineer countermobility missions on an enemy's ability to manuever on the battlefield. The method combines implicit mobility modeling and existing digital terrain data to represent a movement area in the Federal Republic of Germany. An artificial intelligence technique, A* Search, is used to determine avenues of approach. The effects of obstacle emplacement on those approaches is quantified by both the time delay incurred and the effect on movement paths. The method is demonstrated in a computer based, menu driven decision support tool written in Turbo Pascal. The prototype provides the user with graphical screens displaying elevation, terrain types, limiting speeds and avenues of approach in the study area. The user can select and place engineer obstacles on the avenues of approach and immediately see their effects on movement paths and times. The program can be used to evaluate different obstacle systems and channelization or delay plans. Keywords; Countermobility; Army operations; Combat engineering; Tactical analysis; Airland battle doctrine; Computer programs. Theses.


KMnO4/CuSO4, a readily available reagent combination, was found to be effective for the high-yield synthesis of quinoxaline derivatives from bis-aryl -hydroxyketones and o-arenediamines in hot ethanol.


The purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of the use of filmstrips as an aid in teaching reading to a group of first grade children in the Tom Bean Consolidated School. A further purpose, and probably the most important as it deals with the ultimate objective of education, is the effect that visual aid has upon the behavior of boys and girls.


Aim To evaluate the effect and the mechanism of valdecoxib on Lewis cancer. Methods Western blot was used to detect the expression of VEGF, MMP-2, Bax, Bcl-2 and Caspase-3 in tumor tissue. Flow cytometry was used to observe the effect of valdecoxib on proliferation, apoptosis and the cell cycle distribution. MTT assay was used to observe the lymphocyte transformation rate. Results ① Valdecoxib inhibited the growth of the tumor and increased the survival rate. ② 10~40 mg·kg -1·d -1 Valdecoxib increased the apoptosis rate from 19.1% in control group to 23.1%~29.1%, and did not affect the distribution of cell cycle. ③ The expression level of Bcl-2 was decreased and expression levels of Bax, COX-2, MMP-2, Caspase-3 and VEGF were not affected. ④ Valdecoxib did not affect the weight, the lymphocyte transformation rate, spleen index, and thyrus index of the mice. Conclusion The inhibitory effect of valdecoxib on Lewis tumor is associated with apoptosis.


The present paper contains an analytical calculation for derivation of initial sediment motion. The approach considers the physical effects of movement starting with measurable parameters. Methods of calculation of initial movement already available are supplemented for the first time by incorporation of 3D geometrical parameters based on measured values. The solution functions allow calculation of the effective critical parameters for a single grain, of time and area average critical parameters, of the probability density of the effective critical velocity and calculation of the risk function and the movement risk of the river bed.


Mature plant samples of four Lupinus species from several districts in the south-west of Western Australia, grown on a range of soil types, were analysed for copper, manganese and molybdenum. L. angustifolius had consistently lower copper and molybdenum contents than L. digitatus and L. luteus. L. albus was notable for its extremely high manganese contents, the levels in the seeds being 5-15 times higher than in seeds of other lupin species grown at the same site. Some correlation was found between contents of the three elements in the plants and the nature of the soil and natural vegetation at the site of collection. Manganese and molybdenum, and to a lesser extent copper, contents fell markedly on passing from the brownish sands developed over limestone along the west coast to the deeper and more leached sands further inland. All samples from sandy or gravelly soils characterised by jarrah (Eucalyptus marginata) and Banksia and Casuarina species were low in both copper and molybdenum. Samples from soils characterised by marri (E. calophylla) also tended to be low in copper, but some had quite high molybdenum contents. Manganese levels in the plants appeared to be closely related to soil texture. The levels of copper in lupins on several of the soil types used for commercial lupin growing were below those considered necessary to meet the requirements of grazing stock, especially where Lupinus angustifolius was used. Copper topdressing at commercial rates did not appear to increase the copper content of lupins substantially. No evidence was found of any relationship between the copper, manganese or molybdenum contents of lupins and the incidence of lupinosis in stock.


ABSTRACT Background We compared the efficacy and safety of combinations of cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 (CDK4/6) inhibitors and PI3K/AKT/mTOR inhibitors as second-line treatment in postmenopausal women with HR+, HER2− metastatic breast cancer. Methods We searched the Medline, Embase, and Cochrane Library electronic databases for phase II/III randomized trials evaluating CDK4/6 and PI3K/AKT/mTOR inhibitors plus fulvestrant. We compared the results with a network meta-analysis. Study quality was assessed following the GRADE approach. Outcomes of interest were progression-free survival, overall response rate, overall survival and G3–4 adverse drug events (ADEs). Results Eight RCTs were identified in the network meta-analysis. PFS was significantly improved by treatment with abemaciclib plus fulvestrant and ribociclib plus fulvestrant compared to pictilisib plus fulvestrant. The ORR following treatment with abemaciclib plus fulvestrant, ribociclib plus fulvestrant, palbociclib plus fulvestrant, buparlisib plus fulvestrant, and alpelisib plus fulvestrant significantly differed from that observed following treatment with placebo plus fulvestrant. In terms of OS, compared with placebo plus fulvestrant, abemaciclib plus fulvestrant, ribociclib plus fulvestrant, and buparlisib plus fulvestrant had a significant difference. The risks of ADEs were similar among three CDK4/6 inhibitors. Conclusion As second-line treatment, three CDK4/6 inhibitors showed superior clinical efficacy compared to other PI3K/AKT/mTOR inhibitors with comparable safety profiles.


In this paper we give quite pretty generalization of the formula of Frobenius-Stickelberger to all hyperelliptic curves. The formula of Kiepert type is also obtained by limiting process from this generalization. In Appendix a determinant expression of D.G. Cantor is also given.


In the last few years we and others reported a variety of synthesis of heteroaromatics that have been developed utilizing β–oxoanilides as readily obtainable compounds. In this study, treatment of 3-Oxobutanamides 1 with phenyl isocyanate at room temperature in basic medium and DMF afforded thiocarbamoyl derivative 3 through intermediate 2 upon treatment with dilute HCl. The non-isolable potassium salt 2 was allowed to react with α-halo carbonyl compounds such as ethyl chloroacetate and chloroacetonitrile in dry DMF at room temperature to furnished thiophene 6 and thiazole derivative 9 respectively. Compound 6 was treated with hydrazine hydrate in ethanol to yield thiophene-5-carbohydrazide derivative 7. Also, compound 1 reacted with malononitrile and sulfur element in refluxing absolute ethanol and triethylamine to yield thiophene derivative 11, which reacted with formic acid and α-chloro acetylchloride to give thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivative 12 and chloro acetamide derivative 13. Treatment of compound 13 with ammonium thiocyanate led to thiazolo[3,2-a]thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivative 15 through non-isolable 14. Also, condensation of 1 with malononitrile and ethylene diamine afforded the pyridine derivative 17 and 1,4-diazepine derivative 18. The structures and formulas of all the synthesized compounds were supported by spectral data. Some of the synthesized compounds were evaluated for their antibacterial and antioxidant activity. These compounds showed different degrees of activity.


Finding frequent patterns in a data stream has been one of the daunting tasks since its inception. Mining data streams are allowed only one look at the data, and techniques have to keep pace with the arrival of new data. Furthermore, dynamic data streams pose new challenges, because their underlying distribution might be changing. Most importantly, the stream mining algorithm must be fast enough to adapt itself to slow as well as very fast data streams. In this paper, we have introduced a new stream mining algorithm called Kaal - Sanskrit word for time - that is significantly better than existing classical algorithms. Further, Kaal is capable of adapting well to variable batch sizes. The batches are decided by a fixed time quanta, any number of transactions coming in that time interval constitutes that batch. Previous stream mining algorithms demand fixed batch sizes, which in real world scenario becomes difficult to realize or fail to provide periodic real-time results.


Inner Gippsland's demographics exhibit a number of the associated risk factors of homelessness such as a lower than average Victorian median weekly household income, high socio-economic disadvantage, family stress, social isolation and poor health indicators.


Abstract Work to develop novel advanced laser spectroscopy plasma diagnostic methods is described. The methods are based on observing the Doppler shift in the absorption lines of ionic species. Two methods under study are velocity modulated laser spectroscopy and two-beam Doppler shift laser spectroscopy. The theoretical basis of the methods is described and preliminary experimental results presented.


Ijen Crater Nature Park (TWAKI) is one of East Java Province's tourism destinations designated as a national tourism strategic area (KSPN). The natural beauty and the phenomenon of blue fire from the Ijen crater are an attraction for local and foreign tourists to visit the area. Also, an area that is prone to volcanic eruptions and fires. Administratively, Ijen is located in two districts, namely Banyuwangi and Bondowoso. The management of the area is carried out by the East Java Natural Resources Conservation Center (BBKSDA). Ijen borders the forest area managed by KPH Bondowoso and KPH Banyuwangi Barat. This potential area is also an attraction for stakeholders to be involved in developing Ijen Crater's natural tourism by their respective authorities. This study identifies the stakeholders' role in developing the TWAKI. The method used is an exploratory case study with pattern-matching analysis techniques. The study's results, namely the stakeholders' role in managing Ijen crater natural tourism, are divided into four categories: policy creators, implementers, facilitators, and conservators.


Medicinal plants still remain a source of medical care in developing countries, in the absence of a modern medical system. The use of herbal medicine is deeply rooted in our culture, because Algeria is renowned for the richness of its medicinal flora which includes hundreds of plant species. Ecballium elaterium (L.) A. Rich. the species reported in this study is traditionally used in Algeria for a wide range of illnesses. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential toxicity of it. Many herbalists (two hundred) in different regions in Northern Algeria (Tébessa, Khenchela, Oum El Bouaghi, Constantine, Skikda) were questioned to recognize the toxicological concern of E. elaterium in Algerian traditional medicine in these regions.


We have read with interest the final results of the CO-HO-RT phase II trial, recently published by Bourgier and colleagues (1). In brief, 150 patients affected by stage I-II breast cancer (BC) were randomized to receive either concomitant or sequential letrozole and adjuvant radiotherapy (RT) after breast conservative surgery. Furthermore, 121 patients were tested for radio-induced lymphocyte apoptosis (RILA), and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) related to radio-induced subcutaneous fibrosis (RISF). Authors did not find differences in terms of safety between concomitant or sequential letrozole and RT, but translational sub-analysis identified a correlation between RILA and RISF, with a significantly lower value of RILA in patients with RISF grade ≥2 compared to RISF ≤1 (6.9% vs . 13%; P=0.02). Moreover, two SNP located within phosphatase and actin regulatory protein 3 ( PHACT3 ) gene resulted significantly associated with RILA.


The family environment and the private education had a very important influence to Su Song. Song Dynasty emperors and ministers admired national policy of medicine and astronomy calendar. Common people paid attention to medicine and calendar, which made the world-famous Bencaotujing successfully written and the Shuiyunyixiangtai invented by Su Song. The Chinese people were proud of the technological achievements. We might say that the Song community created a great scientist, Su Song.


Based on the basic theory of harmonic drive, circular spline profile is computed by envelope method when flexspline profile chooses double circular-arc tooth. The load distribution among the teeth of the flexspline has been calculated under different working conditions. When the force intersection angle of the four-acting-force wave Generator decreases, the load distribution will become centralized, and the maximum force acting on the areas of the teeth will also increase.


Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is one of the most important health problems in the world; the World Health Organization (WHO) estimates approximately 2 billion people are infected with HBV and 350 million of these infections are chronic, and that there are over 5.5 million new cases of acute HBV infection and more than 520 000 HBV-related deaths annually. HBV is preventable and great efforts to control HBV infection around the world have been made. Vaccination against HBV and injection of immunoglobulin against HBV (HB-IG) are the available tools for preventing infection. Human serum-derived HB vaccine was developed first, followed by recombinant DNA vaccine containing HBsAg particles with or without pre-S antigen, with improvement of adjuvants. Recombinant DNA vaccines derived from yeast or mammalian cell have become the common HB vaccine globally. Improvements in HB vaccine preparations have resulted in the development of safe and effective vaccine; anti-HBs seroconversion rate has been increased to >95% in people under 20 years of age. The efficacy and safety of HB vaccine has become generally satisfactory, however, the following problems are still to be solved: 1 Non-responders. A considerable number of apparent normal subjects are still non-responders to commercial HB vaccine. Anti-HBs seroconversion rate in people aged >50 years, or in immunosupprressed patients, has been reported to be <70%. In order to develop more immunogenic vaccine or improved vaccination protocols, efforts to improve vaccine preparation and injection methods, such as dose and route of injection, have been made. Additionally, new vaccination methods such as DNA vaccine or dendritic cell vaccine have been reported. Studies on the mechanisms of non-response may help these issues. 2 Adverse events. Besides mild adverse event (eruption, myalgia and transient fever), severe adverse events including rheumatoid arthritis, chronic fatigue syndrome, type 1 diabetes, leukemia, and demyelinating diseases including multiple sclerosis, have been reported. The causative relationship between these severe adverse events and vaccination is still unclear. Further epidemiological studies are needed. 3 Necessity of booster. Duration of vaccine-induced immunity has not been fully understood. Several reports indicate that booster injection are not needed, however, it is still unclear whether life-long effect can be obtained by vaccination during childhood. The WHO does not recommend the administration of booster injections at present, though future studies are needed. 4 Vaccine escape mutant. Emergence of an escape mutant virus has been reported in many countries. The increase of escape mutant after universal vaccination has also been reported. A constant and careful surveillance of its prevalence in the world is absolutely necessary. 5 Cross protection against different HBV genotypes or subtypes. Although cross protection by vaccines against different subtypes of the virus have been reported in chimpanzees, it has not been fully understood whether a HB vaccine can prevent the infection of HBV with all genotypes or subtypes that differ from the source of vaccine. A few case reports have shown infection with HBV in spite of the successful HB vaccination. In this issue of Hepatology Research, Aono et al. studied the deduced amino acid sequences of the HBV S region, obtained from Japanese patients with hepatitis B, and discussed the possibility that commercially Hepatology Research 2007; 37: 673–675 doi: 10.1111/j.1872-034X.2007.00145.x


This study focuses on fabrication laboratories (fab labs) that provide user-oriented innovative urban spaces to meet advanced technologies and city dwellers who can share their knowledge in solving local problems. The aim is to explore the potential of fab labs as a part of smart city initiatives to develop the fab city by creating a network for collective knowledge and technology-enabled production in collaboration with local communities, companies, NGOs, and institutions. The opted methodology is to examine several fab labs as innovative and creative spaces in İzmir to evaluate their potential role in the development of the fab city. Fab labs might improve the organizational gap between local governments and inhabitants in developing innovative and sustainable solutions. This paper fulfills the lack of systematic research on fab labs; how they relate to smart city initiatives, evolving into fab cities, and obtaining and implementing the know-how of fab cities' global knowledge.


Sudden ocular pain from underlying mass Case A 60‐year‐old Caucasian woman was referred for headache and severe pain in her left eye (OS for five days). The patient initiated 800 mg of ibuprofen, which provided little pain relief. Past medical history revealed cerebrovascular accident and gastroesophageal reflux, controlled on medications. Past surgical history included cholecystectomy and knee replacement. Computed tomography (CT) scan of the head showed no evidence of intracranial mass or recurrent stroke. On ophthalmic examination, visual acuity was 20/20 in both eyes. Intraocular pressures were 11 mmHg in the right eye (OD) and 8 mmHg OS. Slit lamp examination was normal OD and showed conjunctival chemosis OS.


This paper presents a contribution to the challenges of manually creating test configurations and deployments for high performance distributed middleware frameworks. We present our testing tool based on the Model Integrated Computing (MIC) paradigm and describe and discuss its generative abilities that can be used to generate many test configurations and deployment scenarios from high-level system specifications through model replication.


INTRODUCTION .................................................................................. 293 I. A HISTORY OF THE COURT OF CHANCERY'S AUTHORITY TO REMEDY DEFECTIVE CORPORATE ACTS ................................ 295 A. Defining the Problem ...................................................... 295 B. Creating the Problem ...................................................... 297 II. FILLING THE VOID IN THE COURT'S EQUITABLE POWERS ..... 302 A. Sections 204 and 205 ...................................................... 302 B. A Brief History of the Court of Chancery and the Potential Impact of Sections 204 and 205 ...................................... 305 III. ASSESSING THE PRESENT AND FUTURE IMPACT OF SECTIONS 204 AND 205 ........................................................................... 309 IV. CONCLUSION .......................................................................... 314