Adults used to be the largest online student population before the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the number of online students multiplied during the pandemic, and now includes the complete conglomeration of all student groups. Due to their longer experience of online education, adult students continue to provide valuable insights on how to enhance online learning for other higher education students. This article reports the results of phenomenographic research on the qualitative differences in the ways of experiencing learning by fifteen adult students enrolled in two online postgraduate programmes. The analysis on in-depth, participant-led interviews demonstrated that online learning is conceptualised in three ways: as an investment, as a process that brings structure, and as a process that enables and empowers an individual. The results of this study are of particular importance for those who are concerned with introducing online learning to the higher education curricula. The paper argues that the stigma of online education being the second choice, maintained in the educational research literature, should be replaced by a holistic approach to education as a process that organically incorporates the online educational elements into higher education. Focusing on how adult students experience online learning provides a broader and deeper understanding of adopted effective practices and the variety of online learning opportunities and outcomes for other students' groups. Insights based on the results of this study are summarised.


ABSTRACT While the momentum continues to grow for renewable energy and sustainable solutions, it will likely be a long time before we are able to completely wean our energy plants from using fossil fuel. In the meantime, it is important to continue to find ways to use fossil fuel in a more efficient and environmentally sound way. This article will address an approach to integrating state-of-the-art technology to implement an onsite energy system that generates electric power and thermal energy at significantly higher efficiencies and produces lower emissions than our traditional central generation facilities. Another increasingly important benefit to on-site energy systems is the increased reliability and security an on-site energy plant brings to facilities, especially those that serve or have a critical mission, such as hospitals, data centers or command and control centers.


It is known that fuzzy algorithms will stop minimizing the objective function whenever reaches to a local minimum. It is known also that they are biased with the initial values of input parameters. In this work we address the minimizing problem of the objective function in the field of fuzzy clustering and introduce a method which is based on the majorization idea and the KNN algorithm. It speeds up the search for the minimum, passes the local minimum, and also tries to set the initial values into sound values. We use a modified version of the KNN in such a way that the initial values for the parameters can be settled. There are two approaches for dealing with local minima. The algorithm has been put into study by applying it into three known datasets. The results show that the performance of the proposed method is promising


Some ceramic artifacts representing time-wise from comb pattern pottery in the Neolithic Age to white porcelain in Joseon Dynasty were selected from 7 sites in the north and south area of Charyeong Mountain Range in order to making techniques interpretation and development process of ancient ceramics through physicochemical and mineralogical quantitative analysis. Studied pottery samples in the Prehistoric times showed trace of ring piling in soft-type, and pottery in the Three Kingdoms Period had both soft and hard-type but kettle-ware and storage-ware were made with ring piling, but table-ware was made by wheel spinning. Different from pottery after the Three Kingdom Period when refinement of source clay was high, pottery in the Neolithic Age and in the Bronze Age exhibited highly 274 | 보존과학회지 Vol.32, No.2, 2016 mineral content in sandy source clay, which showed a lot of larger temper than source clay. Groundmass of celadon and white porcelain almost did not reveal primary minerals but had high content of minerals by high temperature firing. Ceramic samples showed some different in major and minor elements according to sites irrespective of times. Geochemical behaviors are very similar indicating similar basic characteristics of source clay. However, loss-on-ignition showed 0.01 to 12.59wt.% range with a large deviation but it rapidly decreased moving from the Prehistoric times to the Three Kingdom Period. They have correlation with the weight loss due to firings, according to burning degree of source clay and detection of high temperature minerals, estimated firing temperatures are classified into 5 groups. Pottery in the Neolithic Age and in the Bronze Age belongs from 750 to 850°C group; pottery in the Three Kingdom Period are variously found in 750 to 1,100°C range of firing temperature; and it is believed celadon and white porcelain were baked in high temperature of 1,150 to 1,250°C. It seems difference between refinement of source clay and firing temperature based on production times resulted from change in raw material supply and firing method pursuant to development of production skill. However, there was difference in production methods even at the same period and it is thought that they were utilized according to use purpose and needs instead of evolved development simply to one direction.


Objective To determine the median effective concentration (EC50) of levobupivacaine for motor block in epidural labor analgesia.Methods Thirty ASA I nulliparous parturients with 2-3 cm cervical dilatation in the first stage of labor who requested epidural analgesia were enrolled in this study.Epidural catheter Was placed at L2,3 interspace and advanced for 3 cm cephalad in the epidural space.Each parturient received a bolus of 10 ml epidural levobupivacaine.The initial levobupivacaine concentration wag O.5%.Up-and-down sequential allocation was used to determine EC50.The ratio between adjacent concentration was O.95.Thirty minutes after epidural administration the degree of motor block of lower extremities was assessed and scored using modified Bromage scale.Results The motor block EC50 of epidural levobupivacaine was 0.562% and the 95% confidence interval was 0.542%-0.584%.Conclusion The EC50 of epidural levobupivacaine(10 m1)in the first stage of labor is 0.562% with 95% confidenee imerval between 0.542%-0.584%.

Key words:
Dose-response relationship,drug; Analgesia,0bstetrical; Analgesia,epidural; Levobupivacaine


Diagrammatic many-body perturbation theory is employed in a study of the X/sup 1/..sigma../sup +/ states oif first- and second-row diatomic hydrides at their respective equilibrium nuclear separations. All two-, three-, and four-body terms are determined through third-order in the energy within the algebraic approximation (i.e., parameterization of state functions by expansion in a finite basis). Pade approximants to the energy are constructed. From the first-order wavefunction rigorous upper bounds to the expectation value of the electronic energy are obtained from the Rayleigh quotient. Two different zero-order Hamiltonians are used, and the convergence properties of the resulting perturbation expansions are compared. In both schemes three- and four-body terms are significant, having a magnitude that is as much as 24% of the sum of the second- and third-order terms.


In order to optimize the processing parameters of TiC/steel composite materials, in-situ TiC particle reinforced steel-based surface composites were prepared by vacuum evaporative pattern casting (V-EPC) infiltration process, and the structure and interface of the composites were investigated. The results show that, TiC particle size with Ti-C-20wt%Fe reaction system was much smaller than the composite with Ti-C reaction system in the same location of the composites. In the composites, the TiC particle size and volume fraction increased and spherical degree dropped from the tradition layers (interface between the substrate and the composite layer) to the outer surface. But the increase of TiC particle size (1-3μm) and volume fractions (25.8%-43.5%) in the composite with Ti-C-20wt%Fe reaction system was obviously lower than that of TiC particle size (1-10μm) and volume fractions (12.3%- 67.7%) in the composite with Ti-C reaction system. The bond zone between TiC particles and the matrices was totally metallurgical bonding without apparent interface. Comparing with the composite with Ti-C-xFe reaction system, the tradition layer with Ti-C reaction system has a poorer internal quality. The forming process of TiC in situ synthesized reinforced steel substrate surface composites prepared by V-EPC infiltrating process was infiltrating of the melting and carbothermal reactions of C and Ti powder the result of joint action.


In its infamous obituary, The Times summed up the legacy of the reign that ended on 26 June 1830: ''Nothingmore remains to be said or done about GEORGE IV., but to pay—as pay we must—for his profusion; and to turn his bad example to some account, by tying up the hands of those who come after him, in what concerns the public money.'' Considering that the cost of the British monarchy continues to provoke anger and disgust, as vividly displayed in the outcry over the prospect of the public bearing restoration expenses after the Windsor Castle fire in 1992, this was easier said than done. George IV's obituary, furthermore, treated his fantastic extravagance as aberrant. It pronounced the late king ''an inveterate voluptuary'' whose dominant passion was selfishness, ''the true repellant of human sympathy . . . the charnel-house of the affections.'' The Times represented the odium that this behavior provoked as universal; the paper declared ''that there never was an individual less regretted by his fellow creatures'' and defied its readers to find a single tear shed for him, to name one true friend. An investigation into the attempts made to staunch the flow of George's prodigality suggests his behavior to have been less an aberration than an extreme case of late eighteenth-century society's conflicting expectations respecting honor, credit, spending, and debt, as well as the monarchy itself. The long evolution from an agrarian to commercial economy had affected all segments of society, including the royal household. The


We have seen that epinephrine, histamine, barium chloride, nitrites and pituitrin have definite but different actions on blood concentration when injected alone or in 25 cc. of 0.8 per cent sodium chloride per kilo. Epinephrine, histamine and barium chloride decreasing the dilution of the blood with injections of salt solution and increasing the rate of return of hemoglobin to normal. Nitrites to some extent and pituitrin very definitely cause the opposite, a marked fall and a very slow return to normal of the hemoglobin curves. Besides the difference in action of these substances we are interested in the cause of these changes; whether there has been fluid loss or retention alone, or whether there has been a redistribution of red cells also. These experiments were undertaken to analyze the function, if any, of the hepatic veins in causing obstruction to blood flow and filtration of fluid into the liver tissue. On this account the changes and cause of change in venous pressures with these different drugs were taken up. It will be seen that there is no relation between the hemoglobin concentration curves and the arterial pressure curves. This might be expected as capillary pressure curves do not run parallel with arterial pressures in all cases and one would not expect filtration of fluid through the thick arterial wall. It will however have been noticed that with the drugs causing an increase in venous pressure, epinephrine, histamine, barium chloride, that there is an increased rate of hemoglobin concentration while the nitrites and pituitrin neither of which causes an increase in venous pressure, cause no increased rate of hemoglobin concentration. This might be expected for any increase in venous pressure necessitates an increase in capillary pressure and in this way mechanically increases the tendency to filter fluid through the capillary walls. There are however exceptions to this observation. In the cases where histamine and pituitrin, and also epinephrine and pituitrin, are mixed and injected together, there is an exception to the relationship between venous pressures and hemoglobin curves. Here in spite of the highest venous pressures recorded at any time, there is a very prolonged fall of the hemoglobin curve. Considering for a moment that a fall in the hemoglobin curve might be due to fluid loss one might expect that an increase in venous pressure would cause a loss of fluid through the thin walled capillaries in which there must be as great a pressure as in the veins. We have seen that there is this apparent loss of fluid when there is high venous pressure except in these two cases where pituitrin is given together with another drug. As pituitrin causes a prolonged fall in the hemoglobin curve, one might not expect fluid loss with this drug alone especially as there is no increase of venous pressure after its injection, but it is hard to conceive of an increase of pressure of 100 cm. of citrate without a filtration of fluid through the capillaries. A year or so after this observation was made Krogh (23) announced his discovery that pituitrin constricts the capillaries in the frog. It seemed for a time that in the cases here described with this high venous pressure either a change in the permeability of the vessels or a constriction of the capillaries reducing the filtration surface, were the chief factors to be considered, but the possibility of a redistribution of red cells had to be taken into consideration. There might be either a loss of fluid from the circulation or a storage of red cells. Considerable light was thrown on the possible action of pituitrin by the following experiment with ligation of the hepatic artery.


The utility model relates to a skid-mounted LNG (liquefied natural gas) bottle group gasification supply station. The skid-mounted LNG bottle group gasification supply station is characterized in that a gas phase path is provided with a first self-reliance regulating valve (A13), a liquid phase path is provided with a second self-reliance regulating valve (A12), the first self-reliance regulating valve (A13) is connected in series with a one-way valve (A14), and the gas phase path is connected in parallel with the liquid phase path and then is connected in series with follow-up gasification equipment; the movement pressure of the second self-reliance regulating valve (A12) is set as N, and the movement pressure of the first self-reliance regulating valve (A13) is set as M; when the sensing pressure of the front end of the first self-reliance regulating valve (A13) is lower than the M, the first self-reliance regulating valve (A13) is kept closed, and LNG bottle gas phase pressurization is carried out for providing liquid-phase liquid feed power; when the sensing pressure of the front end of the first self-reliance regulating valve (A13) is higher than the M, the first self-reliance regulating valve (A13) is opened so as to carry out pressure relief, and gas enters into the downstream gasification equipment; and when the sensing pressure of the rear end of the second self-reliance regulating valve (A12) is higher than the N, the second self-reliance regulating valve (A12) is closed so as to carry out feed liquid closure, otherwise, the second self-reliance regulating valve (A12) is an opening state, and the N is less than the M.


The purpose of the study was to observe the effectiveness of magnetic acupuncture-massage on prevention and treatment of motion sickness (MS). 16 young men were tested in a parallel swing (0.24Hz) to induce MS after head-down tilt (-10°) for l h in the gondola. Each of the subjects experienced two tests: control test and protection test. Self-comparison, Latin-square and double blind techniques were used. The interval between two tests was 5-7 days. The motion sickness stablity index (MSSI) was defined by scoring points according to both duration endured on the swing and severity of symptoms observed. Electrogastrogram (EGG) and skin temperature were also recorded. The results obtained showed that the magnetic acupuncture-massage could increase the stability of motion sickness significantly in head-down position. The average increase of MSSI was 28.3 (p0.01) and the total effectiveness rate of protection was 62.5. The effectiveness rate was 71.4 in subjects with moderate or higher stability of motion sickness. The amplitude of EGG tends to increase and the skin temprature tends to decrease when symptoms of motion sickness appeared, They could be taken as supplementary indices for evaluation of motion sickness.


Legislative theory suggests that anticipatory effects of term limits would first affect the types of individuals elected to office and only later influence the legislature itself. Our results, based on a 1995 survey of nearly 3000 state legislators nationwide, indicate otherwise. There are no systematic differences between term limit and non-term limit states in the composition of the legislature (e.g., professional backgrounds). Yet with respect to legislative behavior, term limits decrease the time legislators devote to securing pork, and heighten the priority they place on the needs of the state and on the demands of conscience relative to district interests. At the


This study aims to explain and describe the Sufficiency of Public Information Openness in the E-KTP Service Governance Perspective at the Katingan Regency Population and Civil Disablement Office. The type of research used is qualitative research methods, where data collection techniques are through observation, interviews, and documentation. Data analysis uses qualitative data analysis, namely data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The primary data in this study as informants are in the Making of E-KTP (Head of Population Registration Services) in the Population and Registration Office of Katingan District, and Kepat Masyarakat of Katingan District and Secondary Sources, namely sources that do not directly provide data to data collectors, the data comes from materials, both in the form of books, articles, scientific works that are loaded in mass media such as magazines and newspapers, and scientific journals. Based on the results of the study using the theory of effectiveness related to the adequacy, it can be explained that the relevance of public information disclosure in the E-KTP Service Governance Perspective at the Katingan Regency Population and Civil Disability Service Office still has some need for improvement in providing Public Information Openness in the E-Service Governance perspective. KTP, about efficiency, adequacy, leveling, responsiveness, accuracy in providing public information disclosure to make E-KTP.


The present invention provides a non-woven fabric or needled felt manufactured by needling machine for producing a needle board (1) is set up and / or removal for maintenance and, in particular, the apparatus for automatically perform different operations , such as equipment or removed, if necessary, select, repair, said device comprising at least one tool (2) and for holding the needle plate (1) holding means (3), wherein the tool (2) relative to the needle plate (1) pinhole (4) and / or the pin (5) via a control and drive means and at least one detection device may be positioned, the positioning tool apparatus flexibility in the case of persons consuming little set for each operation and such needle selection, selection possibilities repair, the tool is provided with at least one hinge arm is supported by at least one robot (7,8) configuration tool (2) and a control and drive means, and the robot (7,8) (9 , 10), the setting tool (2) in the tool arm, operation of the tool allows the desired embodiment. Further, a method, the method may be implemented by means of the apparatus.


Purpose: Sociolinguistics variables such as age, gender and social class, among others, are said to bring the difference in the ways humans communicate. In this essence, this study investigated how age brings out the difference in the use of pronouns between three generational groups
Design/Methodology/Approach: Group WhatsApp chats were collected from three generational groups of students based on their willingness to give it out for analysis.  These three generational groups are postgraduate students and undergraduates (Level 100, Level 400). These groups were randomly collected from over four hundred (400 students of the University of Ghana and the University of Cape Coast in Ghana based on convenience. A quantitative research design was adopted for this study with the help of a corpus tool (AntConc) to analyse the huge data gathered based on percentages.
Findings: This study found out that postgraduates and undergraduates (Level 100) use the first-person singular pronoun but postgraduates, especially those who represent the older generation tend to use the first-person pronoun more often while the second undergraduate group members (Level 400) use the third person pronouns.  The study, per the findings, concludes that people tend to affiliate with others when they are young and lose group affiliation as they grow.
Research Limitation: The study was limited to WhatsApp group chats of university students within the undergraduate and postgraduate academic levels who permitted their chats to be used. This resulted in a narrow scope for the groups used.
Practical implication: The study reveals the preference or choice of pronoun usage among people based on their ages and the groups they affiliate more with. People may thus become more conscious of the choice they make of pronouns for usage as they become older or affiliate with older people.
Social Implications: the study re-examines existing literature on the use of adverbs, especially personal pronouns. Since many studies have been done on the use of adverbs, this adds a new strand of knowledge to existing ones on the subject.
Originality/Value: It provided empirical data on the demographic, precisely age characteristics of the subjects used for the research that affects their choice of personal pronouns among themselves and others.


We previously reported that novel metabolomics‐derived biomarkers (dicarboxyl/hydroxyl acylcarnitines (DC/OH‐ACs) and amino acid‐related metabolites (AAs)) are independent predictors of CAD, CV events, and death and add predictive value to classic CV risk factors in cardiac catheterization patients. Here, we evaluated associations between traditional CV risk factors (FRS; Framingham Risk Score) and DC/OH‐ACs and AAs in sedentary, overweight adults (N=46) randomized to 6 months of: AHA weight maintenance diet (CONTROL), 25% calorie restriction (CR), 12.5% CR + 12.5% increase in exercise energy expenditure (CR+EX), or 15% weight loss via low calorie diet (890 kcals/d; LCD). At baseline, serum DC/OH‐ACs and AAs predicted 97% of FRS. At 6 months, weight loss was greater in LCD (‐11±1 kg) than CR or CR+EX (‐8±1 kg) and in all groups relative to CONTROL (‐1±1 kg). Only in CR+EX did FRS change significantly (‐10±4%) or differ from the change in FRS in CONTROL (+7±4%). Across all groups, changes in serum DC/OH‐ACs and AAs predicted 97% of FRS change. Thus, CR+EX appears to be more effective than CR or LCD in reducing CV risk. Further, DC/OH‐ACs and AAs may have strong predictive value in overweight adults.


Provided is a communication unit that includes first and second power-amplification modules, which can be integrated. The first power-amplification module includes a first power-amplifier for a first frequency band in a first communication scheme, a second power-amplifier for a second frequency band in the first communication scheme, a third power-amplifier for a third frequency band in a second communication scheme, a fourth power-amplifier for a fourth frequency band in the second communication scheme, a first bias circuit that generates a first bias current to the first and second power-amplifiers, and a bias current circuit that converts the first bias current into a second bias current to the third and fourth power-amplifiers. The second power-amplification module includes a fifth power-amplifier for a fifth frequency band in the first communication scheme, and a second bias circuit that generates a third bias current to the fifth power-amplifier.


of work by Brian Davey RECENT ECONOMIC COLLAPSES SHOW A NEED FOR GLOBAL FRAMEWORKS TO REGULATE MARKETS AND IN THE LONG RUN SUSTAINABLE MARKETS CAN ONLY WORK WITHIN THE ECOLOGICAL CAPACITY OF THE PLANET. AT THE SAME TIME, THE INEVITABLE COSTS OF LIMITING THE DEMAND ON THE EARTH'S RESOURCES MUST BE FAIR AND TRANSPARENT. ONLY WITHIN THIS FRAMEWORK CAN MARKET FORCES BE FREED TO DO THEIR WORK. BRIAN DAVEY Coordinator Cap and Share


This paper discusses the role accounting had in the financial crisis. It delves into how accounting helped invoke the financial crisis, what impacts the financial crisis is having on accounting and what can be done now. The research method used is literature review. The causes of the financial crisis in relation to accounting were the housing bubble and burst, shadow banking, fair-value accounting, and troubles with the GAAP model. The impacts of the financial crisis are increased financial regulations and a decrease in reputation and assurance. As for what can be done, companies need to focus on corporate social responsibility to build back reputation and a new external monitor should be created to help prevent future financial crises by identifying warning signs before the problems actually occur. The financial crisis shows that accounting needs to become even more prevalent in the field of finance.


Raman and infrared spectroscopy has been used to study the structure of selected vanadates including pascoite, huemulite, barnesite, hewettite, metahewettite, hummerite [1-7]. Pascoite, rauvite and huemulite are examples of simple salts involving the decavanadates anion (V10O28). Decavanadate consists of four distinct VO6 units which are reflected in Raman bands at the higher wavenumbers. The Raman spectra of these minerals are characterised by two intense bands at 991 and 965 cm. For pascoite Raman bands are observed at 991, 965, 958 and 905 cm and originate from four distinct VO6 sites. The other minerals namely barnesite, hewettite, metahewettite and hummerite have similar layered structures to the decavanadates but are based upon (V5O14) units. Barnesite is characterised by a single Raman band at 1010 cm, whilst hummerite has Raman bands at 999 and 962 cm. The absence of four distinct bands indicates the overlap of the vibrational modes from two of the VO6 sites. Metarossite is characterised by a strong band at 953 cm. These bands are assigned to ν1 symmetric stretching modes of (V6O16) units and terminal VO3 units.


A design of video real-time edge detection system based on FPGA is presented for moving object tracking.The results show that it completed a Sobel edge detection processing which only needs 5clock cycles.The system speed of video information processing is about 152MB/s.So it can deliver the edge information of video image in real-time.


The invention provides an electricity-saving method of a mobile terminal, the mobile terminal and a mobile management device. The method comprises the steps: the mobile terminal obtains business states of an LTE (long term evolution) card and a 3G card in real time;when the LTE card or the 3G card is in an idle state, the mobile terminal sends the obtained network address of an network element of a network where one card is positioned to a network element of a network where the other card is positioned for storing the network address, and a radio-frequency unit corresponding to the other card is shut down. When a business corresponding to the other card is initiated, the network element of the network where the other card is positioned starts the radio-frequency unit corresponding to the other card by virtue of a network control mobile terminal where the card is positioned according to the stored network address of the network element of the network where the card is positioned. According to the electricity-saving method of the mobile terminal, the mobile terminal and the mobile management device, provided by the invention, normal business execution of the LTE card and the 3G card is not influenced while the power consumption of the mobile terminal is lowered.


Different from the device-level research on MEMS shock reliability, this paper introduces an on-chip generation method of shock load, which realizes the in-situ shock test directly loaded on the microstructure. To achieve energy storage and rapid release, a crossbow-type shock load generating structure that can integrate the test sample is proposed. The shock behavior is characterized by the high-speed camera, and the simulation model is established by the finite element software LS-DYNA. Under the shock acceleration of more than 100,000 g, the high-speed switching waveform generated by the microscale mechanical shock was observed with an oscilloscope for the first time. And the shock contact process and the dynamic fracture process of single-crystal silicon (SCS) structures in less than $1\mu \text{s}$ were exhibited. This work has the potential to be used to evaluate the shock resistance reliability of MEMS microstructures in mechanical shock environments, as well as to study material dynamic properties and material failure behaviors at the microscale. [2022-0076]


We propose a decision fusion approach using a multi-input Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) for sleep apnea detection. Four sensor modalities were analyzed using a nasal pressure transducer (NP), oronasal thermal airflow (TH), electrocardiogram (ECG), and oximeter (SpO2), signals from polysomnography (PSG) data from 130 patients attending a sleep clinic. The best-performing model, utilizing all four sensors, achieved over 94% accuracy, precision, specificity, and over 92% on recall. Combining the less obtrusive ECG with any airflow sensor resulted in improvements compared to ECG or airflow sensors alone, with accuracy reaching over 94%. The results highlight the potential for decision fusion methods to improve sleep apnea detection by incorporating alternative sensors and leveraging the features automatically extracted by the CNN for each modality. This approach can optimize sensor usage for different monitoring environments, such as clinical settings or at- home monitoring, and help to find a balance between accuracy and unobtrusive monitoring.


Systemic experiments have been performed to study the characteristics of flow in a stilling well of a shaft spillway.The effects of the diameter of the stilling well on the hydraulic parameters of flow are analyzed.The following conclusions have been made: when D/D0 equals 1.4,the depth of the water cushion nears its maximum and the effect of energy dissipation is strong;when D/D0 grows,the time-averaged pressure on the bottom decreases and becomes more evenly distributed along the axis;and when D/D0 exceeds 1.4,the uniformity coefficient of pressure remains unchanged and the decrease of the pulse intensity and increase of the energy dissipation rate slow as the diameter grows.It is suggested that the optimal diameter of the stilling well lead to a D/D0 of 1.4.


To perfect the conservation tillage technology,the maize cultivar Xianyu335 was used as experimental materials to study the effect of conventional ridge planting and flat planting of crushing stubble on soil moisture,tilth temperature and growth and yield of maize in semiarid region.The results showed that the growth and development process of maize was promoted,as well as tilth temperature was increased by conventional ridge planting.The average soil moisture content of flat planting of crushing stubble was higher than conventional ridge planting.The yield of flat planting of crushing stubble increased by 3.6% compared with conventional ridge planting.


This research made corn land,fallow land,orchard,grass land as experimental field in Jilin Agricultural University black soil region,in which the experiment was carried out by applying different amounts of N and P fertilization in corn field.By means of collecting the samples of rainfall runoff,erosion silt and surface layer soil before and after rainfall for one year nature precipitation in field,we studied the effect of surface runoff on P nutrient and fertility degeneration.The results showed that total phosphorus(TP) and dissolved phosphorus(DP) loss rate in runoff display increased first and decreased afterwards with cover level increasing.TP and DP concentration of top layer soil showed great divergence with different use patterns.As far as Enrichment Ratio was concerned,TP showed as orchard Meadow Maize ground Fallow land.While soluble phosphorus showed as Fallow land Maize Orchard Meadow.Runoff Phosphorus(TP,DP) density and flow dropouts of surface runoff phosphorus increased with the increase of P fertile consumption,meanwhile TP density of loss silt also increased with the increase of P fertile consumption.The density of silt phosphorus and dropouts of silt phosphorus were bigger than CK,but the number of dropouts of silt was smaller than CK.Although nitrogen and phosphorus nutrient can increase output of crop,N and P nutrient application amount must be appropriate again.According to TP and DP of loss amount in surface flow and erosion silt during while testing,can preliminarily draw a conclusion that N and P fertilizer cooperating application scheme was N98P44N570 in black soil field of B5.


The Physiology Mechanism of Perspective Memory(PM) studies from the Forehead Leaf,Thalamus and other location of the brain.The Mentality mechanism of PM includes the Simple Activation Model,the Attention to Searching Model,Multiple Process Model and Multiple Process the Dendroidal Model.The main body of this article analyses each model respectively and gives the summary and valuation.At last this article carries out a brief review and outlook of the PM.


Linguistic dynamic systems(LDS)are dynamic processes involving computing with words(CW)for modeling and analysis of complex systems.In this paper,a fuzzy neural network(FNN)structure of LDS was proposed.In addition,an improved nonlinear particle swarm optimization was employed for training FNN.The experiment results on logistics formulation demonstrates the feasibility and the efficiency of this FNN model.


Three long term plant nutrient experiments in the south of Sweden are reported.Two experiments were started in 1951 and one in 1959. Variants with straw incorporation, straw removal and straw burning were compared at different nutrient levels. Effects on yields, development of soil C content with time, amounts of crop residues produced, earthworms and pests were investigated. Undisturbed soil cores were sampled and soil bulk density and porosity were determined. There are annual yield data and analyses from 1951 and onwards. Yield differences between treatments where the straw was burnt and where it was incorporated were small. But compared with treatments where all straw was removed a positive yield effect was measured. Continous incorporation of straw resulted in minor increases of soil C content compared to treatments with all straw removed. The difference was less than 0.5 percentage units of C. Burning straw on the field did not depress the C content. Soil bulk density and porosity were correlated to the soil C differences. The higher the bulk density, the lower the soil C content. For the porosity the contrary was true. The number of earthworms were the highest in a mixed rotation with ley and arable crops and application of FYM. In rotations where the straw was burnt and where the straw was incorporated the number of earthworms were low. Rotational effects on the existence of pests were unclear. In rotations with FYM the number of springtails were the highest but the number was not high enough to cause measurable damages


Abstract Understanding how industrial land is spatially allocated across regions is crucial for formulating more optimised land policies and regional development strategies, especially in industrialising countries. By exploiting a unique county-level cadastral dataset covering the whole China from 2009 to 2018, this paper analyzes the spatiotemporal allocation of industrial land and the potential spatial mismatch in China. We find that industrial land constituted the largest single type of urban land use in China (27%) and its absolute area and allocative share expanded during the period 2009–2018. Both the incremental and the stock of the industrial land were mainly concentrated in the coastal metropolitan regions but with a greater tendency to allocate more industrial land in inland regions. Further, we provide robust evidence of the existence of a spatial mismatch of industrial land allocation across Chinese counties, although the efficiency of regional allocations did not deteriorate over time.


A device for testing the wheel suspension (7, 8) of a vehicle (2), in particular of a motor vehicle (2), comprising: (a) means (10, 12) for determining the Radnormalen and / or the center of rotation (Z) of a wheel (4a, 4b) of the vehicle (2); (B) means (10, 12) for detecting the movement trajectory (p (t)) of the Radnormalen and / or the center of rotation (Z) of the wheel (4a, 4b) during a movement of the vehicle (2); and (c) a comparison and evaluation device (14) is formed, the detected movement trajectory (p (t)) of the Radnormalen or the center of rotation (Z) of the wheel (4a, 4b) with a predetermined movement trajectory (K) compare and output an error message if the deviation of the detected movement trajectory (p (t)) of the predetermined movement trajectory (K) exceeds a predetermined limit.


ABSTRACT TL1A, a tumor necrosis factor-like cytokine, is a ligand for the death domain receptor DR3. TL1A, upon binding to DR3, can stimulate lymphocytes and trigger secretion of proinflammatory cytokines. Therefore, blockade of TL1A/DR3 interaction may be a potential therapeutic strategy for autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Recently, the anti-TL1A monoclonal antibody 1 (mAb1) with a strong potency in blocking the TL1A/DR3 interaction was identified. Here, we report on the use of hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry (HDX-MS) to obtain molecular-level details of mAb1′s binding epitope on TL1A. HDX coupled with electron-transfer dissociation MS provided residue-level epitope information. The HDX dataset, in combination with solvent accessible surface area (SASA) analysis and computational modeling, revealed a discontinuous epitope within the predicted interaction interface of TL1A and DR3. The epitope regions span a distance within the approximate size of the variable domains of mAb1′s heavy and light chains, indicating it uses a unique mechanism of action to block the TL1A/DR3 interaction.


Simple Summary Diagnosing true progression (TP) versus radiation necrosis (RN) in brain metastases treated with stereotactic radiosurgery is a significant clinical challenge that can lead to delays of care or unnecessary neurosurgical procedures. We implemented a novel machine-learning framework that uses both multiparametic radiomics (mpRad) and tumor connectomics analysis to probe the textural properties and structural networks within radiographically progressive lesions, respectively. Our predictive model was able to distinguish histopathologically proven cases of TP from RN with excellent discrimination and may ultimately serve as a useful tool to inform clinical decision making. Abstract We introduce tumor connectomics, a novel MRI-based complex graph theory framework that describes the intricate network of relationships within the tumor and surrounding tissue, and combine this with multiparametric radiomics (mpRad) in a machine-learning approach to distinguish radiation necrosis (RN) from true progression (TP). Pathologically confirmed cases of RN vs. TP in brain metastases treated with SRS were included from a single institution. The region of interest was manually segmented as the single largest diameter of the T1 post-contrast (T1C) lesion plus the corresponding area of T2 FLAIR hyperintensity. There were 40 mpRad features and 6 connectomics features extracted, as well as 5 clinical and treatment factors. We developed an Integrated Radiomics Informatics System (IRIS) based on an Isomap support vector machine (IsoSVM) model to distinguish TP from RN using leave-one-out cross-validation. Class imbalance was resolved with differential misclassification weighting during model training using the IRIS. In total, 135 lesions in 110 patients were analyzed, including 43 cases (31.9%) of pathologically proven RN and 92 cases (68.1%) of TP. The top-performing connectomics features were three centrality measures of degree, betweenness, and eigenvector centralities. Combining these with the 10 top-performing mpRad features, an optimized IsoSVM model was able to produce a sensitivity of 0.87, specificity of 0.84, AUC-ROC of 0.89 (95% CI: 0.82–0.94), and AUC-PR of 0.94 (95% CI: 0.87–0.97).


Subwavelength structured (SWS) surfaces offer optical engineers new degrees of freedom in the design of optical systems. SWS surfaces may be designed as broadband antireflection surfaces for windows and domes, they may be used as polarization components such as linear polarizers and wave plates, and they may be used as narrowband filters for applications such as document security, spectral signature design, and laser end mirrors.


The widespread of smartphones usage have increased the convenience of accessing information and knowledge sharing for higher learning students. University's students are exposed with the multi channels of knowledge from various sources primarily from online learning's resources. The study examines smartphone habit, internet literacy, and mobile learning in relation to self-efficacy. Self-efficacy refers to the internal forces of a student's belief in the abilities in utilizing smartphone as educational aid in the context of mobile learning. This study deploys a quantitative approach in assessing the relationship between self-efficacy, internet literacy and smartphone's habits for of university students. Understanding student self-efficacy is important factor to deliver an effective ways in supporting mobile learning activities. In addition to documenting the findings of self-efficacy and mobile learning, the research also represents a model of internal and external factors that affects student self-efficacy to make mobile learning successful.


We describe a aicroprocessor-based coaputer-controlled instrument for the detection of aicroorganisas by simultaneous aonitoring of the iapedance and turbidity of an inoculated broth. Iapedance was dissected into a aedium resistive component and two electrode/electrolyte interface coaponents by using their frequency dependent properties. Turbidity was obtained by an LDR. The aediua resistive component and turbidity were almost coincident (maximum change: about 7 X). The interface components were siallar, but displaying larger changes than the two foraer (aaximum about 30 X). We concluded: (1) This iapedance/turbidity digital system is reliable for the recording of growth curves. (2) The interface components show changes that may offer criteria for faster quantification and identification of bacteria.


Nonradioactive waste simulants and initial ferrocyanide tank waste samples were characterized to assess potential safety concerns associated with ferrocyanide high-level radioactive waste stored at the Hanford Site in underground single-shell tanks (SSTs). Chemical, physical, thermodynamic, and reaction properties of the waste simulants were determined and compared to properties of initial samples of actual ferrocyanide wastes presently in the tanks. The simulants were shown to not support propagating reactions when subjected to a strong ignition source. The simulant with the greatest ferrocyanide concentration was shown to not support a propagating reaction that would involve surrounding waste because of its high water content. Evaluation of dried simulants indicated a concentration limit of about 14 wt% disodium mononickel ferrocyanide, below which propagating reactions could not occur in the ambient temperature bulk tank waste. For postulated localized hot spots where dried waste is postulated to be at an initial temperature of 130 C, a concentration limit of about 13 wt% disodium mononickel ferrocyanide was determined, below which propagating reactions could not occur. Analyses of initial samples of the presently stored ferrocyanide waste indicate that the waste tank ferrocyanide concentrations are considerably lower than the limit for propagation for dry waste and that the watermore » content is near that of the as-prepared simulants. If the initial trend continues, it will be possible to show that runaway ferrocyanide reactions are not possible under present tank conditions. The lower ferrocyanide concentrations in actual tank waste may be due to tank waste mixing and/or degradation from radiolysis and/or hydrolysis, which may have occurred over approximately 35 years of storage.« less


Summary Electroshock convulsions were produced in ataxic manganese-deficient rats. The threshold for minimal seizures was significantly lower in the manganese-deficient than in the control animals. During a maximal seizure, duration of the tonic flexor phase was markedly shorter in the deficient than in control rats; duration of the other phases and of postictal depression were similar in both groups. The data are interpreted to mean that brain excitability and convulsability are increased in ataxic manganese-deficient rats; these data may indicate that the brain is involved in the ataxic syndrome characteristic of offspring of manganese-deficient animals.


vs[(.S%)y2 "xe where xo is an inessential map. 4 Whitehead, J. H. C., "A Note on Suspension," Q. J. Math. (Oxford) (2), 1, 9-22 (1950). See also reference 2. 'See reference 3, §2. A map q:P Q induces a homomorphism 9i*:rk(XAQ)Tk(Xp) for a large class of spaces P, Q, X. 6 Hilton, P. J., "The Calculation of Homotopy Groups of A.2-polyhedra (II)," Ibid., (2), 2,228-240(1951). Theorem 1.3 settles the problems stated on pages 234 and 240. 7Eckmann, B., "Zur Homotopietheorie Gefaserter Raume," Comm. Math. Helvetici, 14, 141-192 (1941); also "Uber Homotopiegruppen fon Gruppenraumen," Ibid., 14, 234-256(1941). 8Whitehead, J. H. C., "On the Groups T-r( V., m) and Sphere Bundles," Proc. London Math. Soc., 48,243-291 (1943). 9 The key theorems of Eckmann and Whitehead are Theorem 12 in reference 8, and Theorems 7, 9 and the construction on pages 270-271 in reference 9.


This paper gives the energy conservation measures for aluminum electrolyzing cell by increasing heat
preservation, optimizing technical parameters and using new technology, according to the theory of area energy
self-consumption and present status of small and medium aluminum electrolyzing enterprise in our countury.


Malta Medical Journal Volume 26 Issue 04 2014 Abstract Introduction: Family doctors are in a unique position to advocate health promotion and disease prevention, though it is known that this is not always given its due importance due to various reasons. Aim: To assess the knowledge, attitudes and practices of Maltese family doctors in health promotion and disease prevention. The results of the study were compared with a similar study in 2000. Methodology: A validated questionnaire was sent in 2011 to all Maltese general practitioners (GPs) and GP trainees. The results were analysed statistically. A focus group was conducted to discuss the results and develop a set of recommendations. Results: An improvement was seen in health promotion practice since 2000. Family doctors look after their own health better. However, they have difficulties regarding which prevention guidelines they should follow. Time constraints remain the biggest obstacle to promoting health. GPs who are involved in postgraduate teaching activities find it easier to promote health (p<0.05), while doctors working in both private and public settings find it most difficult (p<0.05). GPs who smoke find it harder to advise on smoking cessation (p<0.05), while doctors who are obese find it more difficult to recommend exercise (p<0.05). Conclusions and recommendations: Health promotion practice by family doctors is on the increase, yet there is clearly room for enhancement of their service. Web-based training, lectures and seminars would help family doctors to enhance their knowledge. Flyers, posters and video-clips in waiting areas could increase patient awareness on healthy lifestyles.


This research provides analysis of the MXD policy with evaluation of MXD case studies as a new residential style. A definition of MXD is mixed use housing and commercial. The case study refers to 270 built MXD cases from 1980 to 2002. The study method indicates a multiple logistic model by statistics. Through analysing the research it can be seen that development of the central style of apartment concentrates in CBD, among the central area, the ratio of development highly indicated in Youngdong area. Moreover, the tendency of development in a non-subway zone is higher than the development in a subway zone. A central style of officetels occupies a high ratio of development in a whole subway zone, except the CBD and centre of Youngdong where there is a tendency for the development size to be small. Most central style of officetels occupies the majority ratio of the small size development in a non-subway zone. However, a central style of commerce is generally developed as a large size site in a non-subway zone, a large scale of the commercial facilities is usually located in the area around. Consequently, if a top-down development broadly spreads in city development, the MXD will be focused on a new type of architecture for creating a position in spatial hierarchy being against protection from a vacant CBD. Therefore, the MXD requests a control by the aspect of urban planning.


This paper aims to discuss old and contemporary perspectives in understanding language acquisition taking into account the neural theory of language. Discussing a recent theory by Kuhl (2010), neural substrates of first language learning will be put forward (Berwick et al., 2013). Neural substrates of phonetic learning, word learning, sentence processing, and syntax development are separately discussed. As a novel window to look into language learning in a greater detail, second language learning in relation to the theories of language acquisition is further discussed. Second language learning and dual vs. single coding structure relating to language acquisition are discussed in relation to the theories that have previously been explained. Finally, a discussion of contemporary issues in understanding both first and second language acquisition in relation to bilingualism is presented. In sum, investigating language acquisition requires a multi-disciplinary approach taking psychology, linguistics, and cognitive neuroscience of language into account is necessary.


This study provides a critical analysis of nonverbal behavior in intercultural communication between Nigerians and Non-Nigerians during business transactions. Findings from survey of more than one hundred respondents (Nigerian business men and women) residing in Nigeria and in the United States over a period of eight months (2011–2012) were interpreted and analyzed. Specific nonverbal communication variables of the study included silence, non-verbal feedback, facial expressions, voice volume, gestures, and eye contact. The survey comprised of demographics and open-ended questions, and was pilot-tested by a sample of business people of multiple ethnicity and gender. Using survey and face-to-face interviews, this research expands research on specific behaviors of Nigerian non-verbal communication in the larger African context. It identifies unique nonverbal symbols essential for effective business negotiation in Nigeria, and provides appropriate culture-specific recommendations for communicating cross-culturally and nonverbally with Nigerians during interpersonal communication and group negotiations. Finally, the study stresses the significance of enculturation in Nigeria by identifying adjustment strategies associated with nonverbal behavior in cross-cultural business negotiations. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences August 2013, Vol. 3, No. 8 ISSN: 2222-6990 240 www.hrmars.com/journals Negotiating with Global Managers and Entrepreneurs in sub-Saharan Africa Nigeria: An Analysis of Nonverbal Behavior in Intercultural Business Communication Nigeria: Linguistic and Territorial Complexity Nigeria is composed of more than 250 ethnic groups that divide the country both linguistically and territorially. The most populous and politically influential are the: Hausa and Fulani 29%, Yoruba 21%, Igbo 18%, Ijaw 10%, Kanuri 4%, Ibibio 3.5% (Katz, 2011; The World Bank, 1989). The major tribes in the country (Hausa-Fulani, Yoruba, and Igbo) have their own distinct culture, language, and communication patterns (Phillips, 2002), and they also have a peculiar way of negotiating with non-Nigerians in business transactions and relationships (Izukwu, 1989, Ndulu, 2007; Nnadozie, 1998). While the Igbo tribe is more business inclined, the Hausa-Fulani tribe is more politically influential because of their population and early involvement with the country's political process. The Hausa-Fulani tribes are mainly Muslim, traditional-oriented, and have less Western education than other ethnic groups in the country. Evidently, the Igbo and Yoruba tribes embraced the Western culture early in their development, and they are more Western-oriented and sophisticated in lifestyle and general business orientation. As Onwuejeogwu (1995) explained, the lifestyle of these tribes could be traced to their exposure and relationship with Western societies over the years, which account for the structure of their verbal and nonverbal communication patterns. In terms of religious belief, the Igbo are mainly Christians and the Yoruba consist of Christians and Muslims. As past and present studies indicate (Uka, 1966; Achebe, 1983; Phillips, 2002) Igbo and Yoruba tribes engage in global business at different levels, but the Igbo dominate business and entrepreneurial transactions and activities in Nigeria. Many international business-people deal largely with the Igbo tribe because they are more entrepreneurial, competitive, and riskingtaking. Furthermore, their nonverbal communication pattern is less complicated, because it is encompasses and demonstrates their relationship with people from other parts of the world. Geographically, Nigeria is classified into two major temperature zones – the tropical and rainforest area, which stretches from the coast to about 9 degrees latitude north, and a savannah zone, which covers the rest of the country. Nigeria has a land area of 923,768 square kilometers, situated fully within the tropical zone. The population of the country is estimated at 130 million people, and the gross domestic product (GDP) per capita is US $300 per person. Agricultural products are available in each zone, but the bulk of agricultural products and production is in the Northern parts of the country. While the mineral wealth of the country, such as petroleum, coal, marble, limestone, salt, etc. are largely available in the rainforest area, tin, limestone, gold, platinum, barite, iron, and steel are found in the southern part of the country. The concept of federalism in Nigeria is the product of the interdependence of the North and the South because of the location of natural resources, seaports, and agricultural products. Indeed, the interdependence structure of Nigerian tribes reinforces the importance of the unity in the country. Research Objective A considerable portion of business communication is non-verbal, and international business communication adds another layer of complexity and challenge. With the globalization of economies over the past two decades, there has been an increasing surge in International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences August 2013, Vol. 3, No. 8 ISSN: 2222-6990 241 www.hrmars.com/journals Nigeria for strategic business and economic opportunities. As the country attracts global entrepreneurs for joint ventures, strategic business alliances, and investors from different parts of the world, this research is designed to investigate the extent to which Nigerian business people adapt their non-verbal communication style when conducting business with nonNigerians as well as with other Nigerians. Given the surge in African markets, especially in Nigeria, the findings of this study provide appropriate information for intercultural and nonverbal communication with Nigerian business people engaged in global or multinational business operations. Literature Review A number of intercultural business scholars have noted the impact of non-verbal communication in the wake of global business relationships, especially in the developing nations of Africa where body language and other non-verbal symbols play significant roles in human and business interactions. In their intercultural communication study, Okoro and Cardon (2010) stressed the challenges faced in global business negotiations as a result of nonverbal exchange and the ambiguity associated with misinterpretation of culture-specific nonverbal messages and lack of clarity resulting from mixed messages. It was noted that in recent times, a number of business transactions and negotiations with non-Nigerian partners failed to materialize because of misunderstanding or poor interpretation of non-verbal messages. Poyatos (1983) advocated that what gives verbal language total meaning is if "those verbal expressions are accompanied by a great number of facial, manual and bodily gestures, gaze activities, manner, postures, postural shifts and stills, which constitute kinesics (p. 129). Poyatos (1983) continued, pointing out that what people say (language), "how they say it (paralanguages) ... and how they say it kinesically that conveys a number of intended or unintended messages" (p. 133). As Chaney & Martin (2011, 2014) and Reynolds & Valentine (2004) emphasized, the expanding scope of international business in the twenty-first century places greater emphasis on cross-cultural communication in business, cross-cultural communication technique, effective cross cultural communication, and nonverbal exchange in international business relationships. A number of communication scholars and practitioners (Moran, Harris, & Stripp, 1991; Nnadozie, 1998; Trompenaars, 1993) agree that nonverbal communication is human behavior, other than spoken or written messages, that creates or represents meaning. These nonverbal messages, but not limited to, include facial expressions, body movements, eye contacts, gestures. Popularly described as human interactions without speaking or uttering a word, nonverbal communication is complicated by intercultural differences. Since nonverbal communication is culture-specific; and most times, it is used to supplement verbal communication it becomes exceedingly difficult to understand nonverbal messages across cultures. For example, the importance of eye contact in business communication cannot be over-emphasized. Studies conducted over the past decades clearly demonstrate that eyes play a significant role in both verbal and non-verbal messaging. Chaney & Martin (2011, 2014) noted that eye contact is of critical importance when communicating with Americans, but this level of importance is not applicable in Africa, especially Nigeria, where it may be considered impolite to maintain eye contact in the course of verbal communication.


The UN-endorsed decade from 2021 to 2030 promises to advance ocean science and sustainable use of the oceans and reverse the decline in the health of the oceans.


Solar energy source can be utilized into electric energy using Photovoltaic (PV) panel. Maximum power in PV can be obtained in sunny weather conditions, optimum temperature, and unshaded surface. When PV is blocked by an object, the resulting power will decrease depending on the size of the barrier. Barriers of the sun intensity are shadows of trees, buildings, peoples, and others. These conditions cause PV can't absorb the maximum intensity of sunlight. Unfortunately, an obstructed PV surface condition may affect the resulting characteristic curves. These conditions can produce different characteristic curves. The difference is the position of the maximum power point that should be only one that is GMPP (Global Maximum Power Point) but this is divided into two there are GMPP and LMPP (Local Maximum Power Point). These conditions make a simple MPPT trapped in LMPP or an unreal maximum power point. To solve this problem, in this paper proposed MPPT Partial Shading using Modified Particle Swarm Optimization (MPSO) method. The MPSO method is chosen to solve partial shading conditions so the MPPT can reach GMPP without being trapped in LMPP. The MPSO method is applied to the Sepic converter to generate maximum power. According to simulation result, the MPSO method has a good accuracy greater than 95% and a fast time convergence is about 0.5 until 1 second to obtain a MPP depend on the shading pattern.


Colonic obstruction due to an impacted gall-stone is a rare finding which has been infrequently described in the radiological literature (Fiegel and Fiegel, 1964; Frimann-Dahl, 1960; Lomhoff and Dubowy, 1948). For this reason we wish to contribute an additional case report. Mrs. J. H., an extremely obese 64-year-old woman, was admitted on 8.4.1964 with a three-day history of severe right upper quadrant pain, some vomiting and watery diarrhoea. For six months prior to admission she had noticed abdominal discomfort following the eating of fatty foods. Thgre was no history of jaundice. Examination. Upon admission the pertinent findings included some abdominal tenderness and guarding, most marked in the right upper quadrant. The bowel sounds were normal. B.P. 230/130. Temperature 99°F.


During past ten years, air traffic in China has experienced a rapid rise.As a result,the workloads of air traffic controllers increased greatly and therefore controllers' mistakes that threaten flight safety happened more frequently.Although TCAS is a successful technical innovation for pilots to enhance flight safety,it is still lack of an automatic system for air traffic controllers,which can monitor real time operations of air traffic control and give an alert to human controllers on probably control errors,acting as an intelligent supervisor.The two main reasons are the complexity of some core technology and lack of participation of system scientists and control engineers.This paper presents the architecture of Air Traffic Control Command Monitoring System (ATCCMS).This system is designed for air traffic controllers to reduce wrong commands and to enhance flight safety.The core design idea is as follows: Firstly,ATCCMS integrates several kinds of fundamental information,including radar data,flight plan,ground/air voice communication,meteorological data and en route situation data.Secondly,correlating to radar data and expert knowledge,ATCCMS acquires the content of ground/air voice communication based on uptodate speech recognition and natural language processing technology.Thirdly,ATCCMS estimates future trajectory of aircraft and detects potential conflicts based on the recognition of human controller's voice command. Simu lation experiments show that ATC safety will be effectively improved through information integration approach rather than upgrading individual technology. The prototype of ATCCMS is under developing coope rated with North China Air Traffic Management Bureau, CAAC.


The lead author is manager of financial and planning systems in the Communications & Computer Science Department of Exxon Corporation . The coauthor is a section head in the Controller Department of Exxon Internationa l Corporation . In spite of the advances made in the capabilities and facili ties of high-level languages such as PL/I and COBOL an d data base management systems such as IMS and its associ ated DL/I, the development of an IMS application in a CRT terminal environment still involves a significan t amount of repetitive and detailed coding . It is not uncommon to find that a trivial program whic h does little more than receive and validate an input screen , issue some data base calls and return an output to the CR T terminal requires several hundred lines of code . A random survey of 10 online programs in an order-processing syste m developed for an Exxon sales application revealed an aver age program size of approximately 650 COBOL statements, of which 370 are declarative (data division ) statements and 270 are procedural (procedure division) statements . Moreover :


Increasing attention has been paid to the detection and analysis of "deviant" instances of a business process that are connected with some kind of "hidden" undesired behavior (e.g. frauds and faults). In particular, several recent works faced the problem of inducing a binary classification model (here named deviance detection model ) that can discriminate between deviant traces and normal ones, based on a set of historical log traces (labeled as either deviant or normal). Current solutions rely on applying standard classifier-induction methods to a feature-based representation of the given traces, where the features include sequence-based patterns extracted from the corresponding sequences of activities. However, there is no consensus on which kinds of patterns are the most suitable for such a task. On the other hand, mixing multiple pattern families together may produce a heterogenous, redundant and sparse representation of the traces that likely leads to poor deviance detection models. In this paper, we...


Law is not a history to be pondered nor an essay to be critiqued. Law is pragmatic, utilitarian, alive. This is not to say that the teaching oř law should center on such things as learning to file the correct document with the correct clerk but rather should be mainly concerned with teaching its students a methodology an analytical approach to problem solving. The teaching of law is basically teaching the student to recognize and classify factual situations. Often the manner in which a person is able to classify a set of facts determines the solution to the problem. Consequently it seems imperative that in the teaching of law the students relate to real situations. This is the reason that the case method is far superior to a straight lecture approach. But the teaching of contracts law is an area which lends itself easily to introduce students to realistic factual situations other than the pre-packaged facts found in appellate cases. During the first term of contracts, the student was presented with the very basic concepts on contracts function of the law of contracts in society, offer and acceptance, consideration and uncertainty. In the final two terms the more complex issues of mistake, illegality, mispresentation and remedies, among others, were to be considered. Therefore, what was desired was an exercise at the end of first term which would present to the student a set of facts which would anticipate in a very practical way, the problems which would be dealt with in the final two terms. In this way the student could identify and consequently better understand the problems with which the courts encounter and the solutions devised to correct those problems. The exercise took the following form. Students were asked to divide themselves into three member law firms. Those who knew no one or did not want to work with their present acquaintances were assigned to firms. Volunteers were then sought from the later law school classes to serve as clients. The clients were given a very short factual problem and at a meeting with the lecturer were given suggestions as to what ways they might expand the problem. It was decided that it was better to give the clients some freedom in determining the more minute facts of the problem then giving them a complete script to relay to the firms. In this way the burden was placed upon the students to ask relevant questions of the clients. In only a limited way was the problem therefore dependent upon the lecturer or the clients. The students were required to think the entire problem through beforehand in order that they might ask all the pertinent questions. This required research both into the law and into commercial practices. The client served the roles of both parties to the contract. This was decided on the best way to avoid, as much as possible, the exercise from becoming merely an exercise in reconciling two inherently different stories, that the clients would tell. In order to gain this benefit, however, the reality of the exercise was minimally compromised. The law firms were arbitrarily selected to represent one client in the problem and were squared-off against an opposing law firm. The first task of the firms was to solve the practical problem of co-ordinating the activities of the members of the firm so that they could meet their client. Some very valuable lessons were learned at this stage. For many students this was the first time that they had attempted to work with others in the legal field. Some students became frustrated that not all members of


The Nightmare of Stalinism Joseph Stalin ruled the Soviet Union as itsabsolute dictator from 1928 to his death in1953. There can be no equivocation aboutthis: the Stalinist regime was an utter nightmare.


The technique of lyophilization has been used to prepare β-lysin that can be stored in aliquots at ordinary refrigeration temperatures. It has permitted the determinations of environmental ionic st...


Since the 1980s, the key tenets of cognitive semantics were confirmed from both the theoretical and the empirical point of view. In my paper I investigate some recent developments of cognitive semantics in the understanding of political communication. According to George Lakoff, language refers to world insofar as it fits to the understanding of reality based on the body and brain. However, conceptual schemata differ significantly both from one individual to another and from a social group to another. In the political field the consequences of such differences are sometimes radical. In the spirit of embodied cognition, I will try to show some constraints of this variability in the way humans shape their experience using the body as a metaphorical source. Human body is a kind of "unconscious topics" for the structure of many linguistic strategies in political narratives.


Parts of Dunn's methodology in "Jesus Remembered" (2003) are scrutinised: the meaning of "memory" and whether this is the ultimately attainable object of historiography. I contend that historical research should not content itself with investigating how memories are "fictionalized", i.e. retained in narrative form, but press on to verified judgments on historical facts. "Grand (or: master) narratives", i.e. large-scale, holistic frameworks for the interpretation of data are - critically used - more important for historical work than Dunn wants to admit.

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A comparison of simultaneous data on the visible aurora, the earth's magnetic field variation, vertical and oblique ionosonde echoes, and very-high-frequency radar echoes has been made. Long-range ...


Cerebral oximeters have been used in the clinic for almost three decades to monitor patients in critical conditions. We have developed a wearable, wireless consumer CW-NIRS device to allow community health monitoring.


This paper investigates the effect of various drilling parameters such as spindle speed, feed rate and drill bit diameter on surface roughness, material removal rate and thrust force. Taguchi method is used to find out the optimal process parameters and the most significant parameters. Here aluminium alloy 6351 material is used as work piece.


Online services in modern datacenters use Remote Procedure Calls (RPCs) to communicate between different software layers. Despite RPCs using just a few small functions, inefficient RPC handling can cause delays to propagate across the system and degrade end-to-end performance. Prior work has reduced RPC processing time to less than 1 $\mu$ s, which now shifts the bottleneck to the scheduling of RPCs. Existing RPC schedulers suffer from either high overheads, inability to effectively utilize high core-count CPUs or do not adaptively fit different traffic patterns. To address these shortcomings, we present ALTOCUMULUS,1 a scalable, software-hardware codesign to schedule RPCs at nanosecond scales. ALTOCUMULUS provides a proactive scheduling scheme and low-overhead messaging mechanism on top of a decentralized user runtime. ALTOCUMULUS also offers direct access from the user space to a set of simple hardware primitives to quickly migrate long-latency RPCs. We evaluate ALTOCUMULUS with synthetic workloads and an end-to-end in-memory key-value store application under real-world traffic patterns. ALTOCUMULUS improves throughput by 1.3-24.6$\times$ under a 99th percentile latency <300$\mu$ s and reduces tail latency by up to 15.8$\times$ on 16-core systems over current state-of-the-art software and hardware schedulers. For 256-core systems, integrating ALTOCUMULUS with either a hardware-optimized NIC or commodity PCIe NIC can improve throughput by $ 2.8\times$ or $ 2.7\times$, respectively, under 99th percentile latency $\lt 8.5\mu \mathrm{s}$.1Automatic Concurrent Migration Load-balancing Strategy (AutoCuMuLuS), homophonic with "altocumulus" as a type of clouds in meteorology, fragmented to separate patches or nodes.


Two-dimensional unsteady flow and heat transfer around two circular cylinder are numerically studied. The proximity effects on the wall heat transfer are examined for Re=50 and 200. As Re increases, the flowfields with symmetric vortices becomes asymmetric. These characteristics are reflected for the Nusselt number. Depending on the gap distances, the flow evolution between cylinders is strongly affected by the wall effects. As the gap distance increases, the wall heat transfer increases. But, the proximity effect is very weak for the gap distance of above 2D.


The study investigates the impact of disease burden on wealth creation in Nigeria using annual time series data ranging from 2006-2018. The different levels of integration of the data warrant the use of Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model as methodology for the analysis. The theoretical framework was based on the Disability Life Years (DALY) of Murray (1996) which says that the burden of disease is arrived at by the number of years a person loses as a result of dying early due to ailments and the number of years of life a person lives with disability caused by the disease. The long run empirical analysis revealed that wealth creation has impact on disease burden in Nigeria. This conversely infers that as the source of livelihood increase, the disease burden on the population is reduced because people will have income to attract health consideration which invariably will reduce the chances of suffering from diseases. The life expectancy at birth has a more significant impact on disease burden than population and even wealth creation. It is therefore recommended that measures that lead to wealth creation should be harnessed as this will greatly reduce the burden of diseases in Nigeria which will invariably increase life expectancy at birth.


The design of a sensitive pulsed photoacoustic spectrometer system for studying media in gaseous phase in the visible and ultraviolet regions is described. The system provides for simultaneous recording of the laser absorption spectrum of the sample by measuring the radiation transmitted through the sample cell. A highly sensitive optogalvanic detection subassembly for recording the calibration spectrum and analog signal processing/averaging electronics including gated integrators also form part of the system. Typical sensitivities of detection are a few tens of picobar acoustic pressure disturbances induced through two-photon absorption in iodine vapor in the sample cell and 0.1 pC charge fluctuation induced in the neon/uranium hollow cathode discharge through optogalvanic effect. Typical recordings of the photoacoustic, laser absorption, and two-photon photoacoustic spectra of the saturated vapor of iodine at room temperature in the presence of air at atmospheric pressure are presented together with the optogalvanic calibration spectra.


Mo Zong-san defines phylosophical circle of Tao School as metaphysical state,contrary to Meng Pei-yuan's idea of material state which argues that "Tao" is an entity or existence,not an individual and source,Mo insists "Tao" is not objective,ontological and active.In fact,their ideas are all included in "Tao" of Confucias.However it doesn't shake his significance of metaphysical state.The main difference in metaphysics between China and West is that the science of metaphysics in the West stresses on "learning and ideas",while in China on "spontaneity" and the subjectivity in Chinese philosophy does not exist beyong man.


The reflectance spectra of Co- and Nb-doped BaTiO3 crystals have been measured for photon energies from 1.8 to 70 eV. For both types of crystal, structures observed in the 1.8 to 2.3 eV range can be attributed to the presence of residual impurities. Between 2.3 and 3.2 eV the peaks in the reflectance of the Co-doped crystal are found to be of an acceptor charge transfer type. For Nb-doped crystals structures appear at the bottom of the conduction band. For energies larger than 3.2 eV the spectra are characteristic of pure BaTiO3 crystals, in reasonable agreement with those determined by Bauerle et al. and calculated by Michel-Calendini and Moretti.


A mathematical model is developed to study the shimmy oscillations of aircraft nose landing gear with a dual-wheel co-rotation configuration. This model incorporates the dynamics of the torsional and lateral mode and the non-linear kinematics of the tire. The procedure of different types of shimmy bifurcation analysis is described in detail. The effect of the co-rotation configuration on shimmy oscillation is compared with non-co-rotation wheels. More specifically, the wheel separation distance and wheel moment of inertia are selected as important parameters to study the effect of the co-rotation configuration on the aircraft shimmy. It is concluded that as the wheel separation distance increases, the lateral shimmy becomes more stable, while the torsional mode become less stable. In comparison to the non-co-rotation configuration, dual co-rotation wheels have a petty effect on landing gear with small wheel separations. However, in the condition of a relatively large distance between wheels, the co-rotation configuration has a great positive influence on the anti-torsional shimmy. The wheel moment inertia, within a practical range, affects shimmy oscillation weakly for both the co-rotation and the non-co-rotation configuration.


This study explored which the component factors on innovation brand to building an organizational culture of government. The innovation brand perception of organizational officers are in order brand awareness(recognition, discrimination) and brand loyalty(identification, ease of memory, meaning diffusion, the reaction of customer needs), brand salience, brand knowledge and brand innovation. The result of Importance-Performance analysis are as follows. We can see that Brand loyalty have Quadrant I meaning good management implementation. Brand Knowledge have Quadrant II meaning concentrate improving. Brand Uniqueness have Quadrant III meaning improving. And Recognition, familiarity and salience have Quadrant IV meaning low relative importance and high performance. The Quadrant IV consider the cost and benefit of brand management.


The present investigation was carried out to evaluate the effect of different banana varieties and spacing for increasing leaf production of Banana (Musa spp.), was carried at University Orchard, Department of Fruit Science, Horticulture College and Research Institute, Coimbatore during 2019-2020. The experiment was conducted by using four different banana varieties viz. Poovan (AAB), Karpooravalli (ABB), Monthan (ABB) and Chakkiya (ABB), planted with three different spacing viz. 1.5 m × 1.5 m. 1.8 m × 1.8 m. 2.1 m × 2.1 m. Consequences shown that among four banana varieties, Karpooravalli recorded significantly higher pseudostem height (335.91 cm), pseudostem girth (80.80 cm), leaf area (18155.71 cm2), number of leaves per mother plant (42.01) and number of leaves per sucker plant (25.60) than other varieties. Whereas, variety Chakkiya recorded the least number of days taken for shooting (267.47 days), when compared to others. Planting at wider plant spacing 2.1 m × 2.1 m resulted in significantly higher pseudostem girth (72.88 cm), leaf area (15559.96 cm2), number of leaves per mother plant (38.77), number of leaves per sucker plant (22.03) and least number of days taken for shooting (278.10 days), as compared to other spacing. Whereas, the same variety planted under closer spacing of 1.8 m × 1.8 m has recorded maximum pseudostem height (312.70).


Well loss is usually seen in drilling operation. It delays the safe drilling process and costs too much. With the analysis of well loss, the simulation apparatus is built up and heat generating and controlling equipment is designed. A set of data acquisition and processing system is developed as well. With all the equipment, the thermal characteristics of the flow during well loss are investigated. After the experiment, a new device of detecting the well leaking interval is developed. It can be used without tripping out the drilling stem and can heat the drilling stem with the control signal on the land. It can measure the temperature data and compare them before heating and after heating, determining the flow mode in the annular through the deference of temperature data. The well leaking interval can be found by changing the depth of the device. The new approach is accurate and the new device is small, which can provide a technical support for safe drilling.


Information asymmetry exists in the whole process of food safety supply chain in food market.There is a game relation between government departments and food corporations in the protecting and supervising of food safety.Thus the market equilibrium will depend on the strategy of government departments and food corporations.Through the study of its static and dynamic game models,this paper considers that government departments and food corporations must co-operate and fulfil their responsibility in order to construct food safety,and some suggestions are put forward.


During the last 5 years the normative regulation of both the sphere of education and physical culture and sport has been almost constantly changing and improved. Federal state standards and federal government requirements are being introduced that define the structure and content of vocational training, sports training, programs for preprofessional studies in the field of physical culture and sport, setting the problem of system approach to the training system for the sphere of physical culture given the experience of preprofessional training and multi-level education. Education in the field of physical culture and sport in the Russian Federation is possible in several learning paths. The feature of personnel training in physical education and sport in Russia is that it is based on mastering sports training programs and other educational programs in the field of physical culture and sport. The purpose of the study was to analyze the historical development of the representation of physical culture and sport in the domestic and international classifications in the field of education and science as the basis of the statutory regulation of the structure of the vocational training sector. The development of standardization of secondary vocational and higher education in the field of physical culture and sport, and later preprofessional and sports training took place in isolation, which indicates the lack of conditions to ensure the continuity and interrelation of educational programs at various levels.


This paper studies the case of Rwandan in order to address some of the challenges and pitfalls in defining pro-poor strategies. The paper first looks at the danger of a purely growth-led development focus (as in Rwanda's first PRSP), and evaluates the extent to which the agricultural sector has been a pro-poor growth engine. It then studies Rwanda's current rural policies, which aim to modernise and 'professionalise' the rural sector. There is a high risk that these rural policy measures will be at the expense of the large mass of small-scale peasants. This paper stresses that the real challenge to transform the rural sector into a true pro-poor growth engine will be to value and incorporate the capacity and potential of small-scale 'non-professional' peasants into the core strategies for rural development. The lessons drawn from the Rwandan case should inspire policy makers and international donors worldwide to shift their focus away from a purely output-led logic towards distribution-oriented rural development policies. In other words, the challenge is to reconcile efficiency in creating economic growth with equity, and perhaps, to put equity first.


The aim of this text is to extend the theory of generalized ordinary differential equations to the setting of metric spaces. We present existence and uniqueness theorems that significantly improve previous results even when restricted back to Euclidean spaces.


Disposable Pipette Extraction (DPX) has been shown to be a rapid, effi cient and reproducible method for performing solid-phase extraction (SPE) of pesticides from fruits and vegetables. DPX is a unique SPE method because the solid phase sorbent is contained inside a disposable pipette tip and is mixed with sample solutions. This mixing allows for the use of less solid phase sorbent material and results in faster extractions. Elution can be performed using small amounts of solvent, effectively providing a concentration step. Hence, solvent evaporation is not required for many applications such as pesticide analyses. Without the need for centrifugation or solvent evaporation, DPX methods can be readily automated and the resultant eluents directly injected into a gas or liquid chromatograph. The analyst is only required to initially process the samples to be analyzed and place the sample solutions into corresponding vials. The rest of the sample preparation can be automated, including the injection of the eluent into the analytical instrument. In this study, samples of fruits and vegetables (spiked with various pesticides) are blended with organic solvent, and the samples are then fi ltered and placed into sample


The effect of nonmagnetic disorder on Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless (BKT) transition in the two-dimensional ferromagnetic XY model on a square lattice, diluted by randomly placed vacancies can be an important source of information on the role played by vortexes in this transition. The transition temperature TBKT is determined as a function of vacancy density ρv by stiffness ρ and for different size of the lattice. The anomalous behavior for TBKT when ρv is close to the square lattice percolation limit is a consequence of the effect of finite size of lattice and not due the quantum fluctuations as concluded in literature. We obtain that TBKT falls to zero at ρv ≈ 0.40 close to the value 0.41 obtained for the classic model.


We observe a relation between closed strings tachyons and one-loop instabili- ties in non-supersymmetric non-commutative gauge theories. In particular we analyze the spectra of type-IIB string theory on C 3 =ZN orbifold singularities and the non-commutative fleld theory that lives on D3 branes located at the singularity. We flnd a surprising corre- spondence between the existence or not of one-loop low-momentum instabilities in the non- commutative fleld theory and the existence or not of tachyons in the closed string twisted sectors. Moreover, the relevant piece of the non-commutative fleld theory efiective action is suggestive of an exchange of closed string modes. This suggests that non-commutative fleld theories retain some information about the dynamics of the underlying string con- flguration. Finally, we also comment on a possible relation between closed string tachyon condensation and fleld theory tachyon condensation.


Abstract : This paper describes recent trends in O&M spending, both in the aggregate and disaggregated by service and type of activity. In addition, the paper touches on the link between O&M and readiness and offers a projection of future O&M costs under the assumption of constant operating levels. This study represents the initial phase of CBO's analysis of readiness and O&M spending. The final version of the study will attempt to define what parts of the O&M appropriation most affect readiness and will make projections of requirements for O&M under assumptions other than constant operating levels. The paper was prepared at the request of Senator Lawton Chiles, Ranking Minority Member of the Senate Budget Committee. ln keeping with CBO's mandate to provide objective and impartial analysis, this paper makes no recommendations.


The invention discloses a thick film photoresist cleaning agent, comprising dimethyl sulfoxide, potassium hydroxide, benzyl alcohol and/or ramification of the benzyl alcohol, quaternary ammonium hydroxide and alkyl alcohol amine. The thick film photoresist cleaning agent of the invention can remove the thick film photoresist (light resistance) with the thickness more than 100 micro meters on metals, metal alloys or dielectric substrates, has low etching on metals such as SiO2, copper, etc. and low-k (dielectric constant) material, and has excellent application prospect in micro-electron fields such as semiconductor wafer cleaning, etc.


A closed-form solution is presented for the problem of a moving point load on an elastic half-plane with hysteretic damping. The problem has been studied in order to investigate the dynamic amplification of stresses and displacements if the velocity of the load approaches the Rayleigh wave velocity or the shear wave velocity in the elastic medium. This is relevant for the construction of high speed railway lines on relatively soft soils. Hysteretic damping is introduced as pseudo-viscous damping, assuming that the damping in a full cycle of loading and unloading is independent of the frequency.


Autoantibodies to the 65 kDa isoform of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GADA) are a valuable diagnostic and predictive marker for type 1 diabetes. Recently, it has been reported that a significant proportion of sera in the commercial RSR radioimmunoassay (RIA) that have tested positive for GADA have then turned negative in RSR enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) tests in patients with type 1 diabetes. The present study aimed to investigate whether the GADA result discrepancies between RSR‐RIA and RSR‐ELISA are related to autoantibody affinity.


Targeting tumor heterogeneity and breast cancer metastasis through the metastaticmicroenvironment mediated epigenetic reprogrammingLi Yang and Jae Young So, Nicolas Skrypek, Anand Merchant, George Nelson, Howard H.Yang, Maxwell P. LeeNational Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892Current cancer treatments are largely based on the genetic characterization of primarytumors and are ineffective for metastatic disease. There is lack of mechanistic understanding ashow cancer cells are selected and evolved to establish distant metastatic colonies. In addition,tumor heterogeneity and biomarker identification remain to be some of the most difficultchallenges in cancer treatment. In the current study, we discovered an increased DNAmethyltransferase 3B (DNMT3B) in metastatic nodules and in tumor cells with epithelia tomesenchymal (EMT) phenotype. Of great interest, high levels of DNMT3B were correlated withpoor clinical outcomes in multiple human breast cancer datasets. Mechanistically, DNMT3Balters multiple pathways including STAT3, NFkappaB, PI3K/Akt, beta-catenin, Notch signalingas well as EMT, which are critical for cancer cell survival, apoptosis, proliferation, invasion, andcolonization. We further identified PGE2 and IL6 as critical inflammatory mediators inDNMT3B induction. Importantly, targeting IL6 or PGE2 production reduced DNMT3Bexpression and improved chemo treatment or PD1 immune therapy. Furthermore, perioperative(surgical removal of primary tumors) targeting DNMT3B in combination with chemotherapymarkedly suppressed tumor recurrence and metastasis in preclinical mouse models for triplenegative breast cancer. Our studies identify DNMT3B as an important mechanism fortranscription regulation in tumor heterogeneity that is critical for tumor invasion and metastasis,thus suggesting a validated target for treating metastatic disease.
 Citation Format: Li Yang, Jae Young So, Nicolas Skrypek, Anand Merchant, George Nelson, Howard Yang, Maxwell Lee. Targeting tumor heterogeneity and breast cancer metastasis through the metastatic microenvironment mediated epigenetic reprogramming [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2021 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2021 Dec 7-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P1-05-08.


It elaborates the actuality and the existing problems of national construction teams, introduces the necessity of facing reality and adjusting enterprise's position, discusses the development of insisting on bi-dimensioned separation, and adopting various ways to build the construction teams is the necessary way of national construction enterprise's existing and development.


To evaluate the learning process for acquiring three‐ and four‐dimensional (3D/4D) transperineal ultrasound volumes of the levator hiatus (LH) dimensions at rest, during pelvic floor muscle (PFM) contraction and on Valsalva maneuver, and for analyzing the ultrasound volumes, as well as to perform an interobserver reliability study between two independent ultrasound examiners.


Wide‐aperture, prestack depth migration requires application of challenging and time‐consuming velocity analysis and depth focusing, collectively referred to here as depth focusing. We present an approach to depth focusing using (1) a detailed starting velocity model obtained by a 1‐D transformation of the first‐arrival times, followed iteratively by (2) interactive analysis of the common‐image gathers, (3) computation of coherency attributes of the wavefield in the depth domain, and (4) 2‐D traveltime tomography to update the background velocity model. We employ two interactive method of migration velocities refinement. In the first method (similar to the common‐midpoint velocity spectrum approach), residual velocity updates are picked directly from the common‐image gathers. In another method (analogous to the common velocity stacks), we pick the velocity updates from the areas of maximum coherency in depth sections that are migrated using rescaled traveltime maps. Both types of migration velocity picks,...


This paper presents the main characteristics, restrictions and applicability of company evaluation methodology, which is calculated by the Discounted Cash Flow Method. This way, it presents the two approaches used: the shareholder cash flow, which demonstrates the shareholders equity and is obtained through the owners discounted cash flows by the owners cost of capital rate; and the company cash flow, which discounts the company's cash flow through the weighted average cost of capital (WACC). Finally, it approaches the effects caused by the use of an incorrect discount rate in the company evaluation process.


The performance of adaptive optics systems degrades rapidly in the presence of optical misalignment errors between deformable mirror and wavefront sensor. In order to compensate for this effect, it is necessary to estimate the misalignment error. In this paper, we present a model for misregistration estimation, and a nonlinear estimation algorithm for generating globally optimal estimates of misregistration errors. The performance of the algorithm is illustrated using an experimental adaptive optics system.


This research is aimed to analyze the effect of students' conception toward science process skill. This is a descriptive research with subjects of the research were 10th-grade students in Surakarta from high, medium and low categorized school. The sample selection uses purposive sampling technique based on physics score in national examination four latest years. Data in this research collecting from essay test, two-tier multiple choice test, and interview. Two-tier multiple choice test consists of 30 question that contains an indicator of science process skill. Based on the result of the research and analysis, it shows that students' conception of heat and temperature affect science process skill of students. The students' conception that still contains the wrong concept can emerge misconception. For the future research, it is suggested to improve students' conceptual understanding and students' science process skill with appropriate learning method and assessment instrument because heat and temperature is one of physics material that closely related with students' daily life.


This paper describes experimental measurements of the linear viscoelastic behavior of the surface of low-density (LD) polyethylene in contact with a pyramidal Berkovich diamond indenter. The experiments were carried out at two different temperatures, 15.9 and 27.2 °C, between frequencies of 0.1 and 800 Hz. Using the shift of the loss tangent between the two temperatures at frequencies lower than 20 Hz and an Arrhenius equation, an activation energy of 105 ± 2 kJ/mol was obtained. This value is in good agreement with the bulk value of the a relaxation of LD polyethylene reported in the literature.