CD1 molecules are cell‐surface glycoproteins with strong structural similarities to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules, and studies in humans and mice have demonstrated that CD1 proteins perform the unique role of presenting lipid antigens to T lymphocytes. Our previous studies have shown that guinea‐pigs, unlike the muroid rodents, have an extended family of group 1 CD1 genes. In the current study, we raised monoclonal anibodies (mAbs) against guinea‐pig CD1 proteins and generated transfected cell lines expressing individual members of the guinea‐pig CD1 family. Our results indicated that multiple members of the guinea‐pig CD1 family, including members that are homologous to the human CD1b and CD1c proteins, are expressed at the protein level in transfected cells and in specialized antigen‐presenting cells such as monocyte‐derived dendritic cells. In addition, CD1 proteins, especially guinea‐pig CD1b3, were expressed on a large number of B cells in the guinea‐pig, and CD1 expression appeared to be regulated by B‐cell maturation or differentiation. Interestingly, three different patterns of intracellular localization were observed for the various guinea‐pig CD1 isoforms, a finding that is reminiscent of the distinct patterns of intracellular localization that have been previously demonstrated for human CD1a, CD1b and CD1c. Taken together, these results provide further evidence for substantial similarities between the guinea‐pig and human CD1 systems, thus supporting the possibility that the guinea‐pig may offer significant advantages as an animal model for the study of the in vivo role of CD1 proteins in infectious and autoimmune diseases.


Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), also known as Human Herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8), is the causative agent of cutaneous cancer known as Kaposi's Sarcoma (KS). KSHV is similar to other herpesviruses which can establish a latent lifelong infection and could be reactivated to lead to disease such as KS. KSHV infection is found to be prevalent in sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries like Zambia and Tanzania, and KS is still one of the most common cancers in these countries where HIV-1 infection is also epidemic. The co-infection of KSHV and HIV-1 leads to the development of an aggressive form of KS, known as Epidemic KS (EpKS). Currently little is known about how latent KSHV infection leads to KS, and there are no effective KS treatments with high cancer recurrence rates even after chemo or radiotherapies. Thus, there is a need to develop strategies to prevent KS and to develop more effective treatment regimens. A crucial step for prevention is to identify where the virus lays dormant in the body so that future therapeutics can be designed to specifically target and eliminate KSHV-infected cells in the infected tissues. In collaboration with the University of Zambia Teaching Hospital, we obtained serum and tissue samples from 10 autopsy subjects for this pilot study to investigate the tissue distribution of these reservoirs and the cell types that are infected by the KSHV. All subjects died of various causes, but not KS. Each subject has 27 different tissue samples including different parts of the brain (a known KSHV reservoir), lymph nodes from different sites, and all the major organs such as the spleen and lung. To determine which subjects were exposed to KSHV and/or HIV-1, serum from each individual was subjected to an in-house KSHV serology immunofluorescence assay. The HIV-1 infection status was also determined using a commercially available HIV serology kit. Subjects that were confirmed to have KSHV-specific antibodies were selected for further analysis of KSHV distribution among various tissues. To detect the presence of KSHV viral DNA in tissues DNA was extracted from several 6µm thick sections of FFPE blocks of each tissue from the selected subjects using a commercially available FFPE DNA extraction kit. The concentration of extracted DNA was measured using a Qubit fluorometer. Nested PCR against a KSHV viral gene (Latency Associated Nucleus Antigen, LANA) was performed to detect which tissue has KSHV DNA. The KSHV DNA positive tissues are further analyzed by histology, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence to identify the cell type of the KSHV infected cell. Findings from this pilot study will provide insights into identifying the dominant cell type that KSHV preferentially infects and the tissues that harbor the virus.


This work demonstrates a facile method of finely tailoring the graphene oxide (GO) nanochannels by controlling their surface oxygenated functionalities. The as-prepared membrane with subnanometer interlayer nanochannels (0.36 nm) and CO2-philic properties showed excellent preferential CO2 permeation performance, which offers promising potential for CO2 capture.


Algorithms for calculating continued fractions are proposed. These algorithms are effective for calculating long series of approximants of continued fractions. The algorithms developed are stable with respect to the accumulation of computational error. Series of approximants of continued fractions can be used to calculate the continued fractions that are divergent in the classical sense.


A class of structure image problem in geophysics may be described by ill-posed problem of hyperbolic partial differential equation.In this case, the solution of this ill-posed problem represents the reflected wave field which characterizes geological structure.In the paper[1],the formulation of this ill-posed problem and its approximate problem were proposed. In this paper, the properly-posedness of the approximate problem is discussed on the basis of paper [1].It means that the solution of the approximate problem is existential,unique and continuous about the initial data.Furthermore,the convergence of the solution of the approximate problem Is also proved.It means that the solution of the approximate problem with the approximate initial data converges to the solution of the original basic problem with the exactinitial data, when the approximate initial data converges to the exact initial data.Conse quently,the numerical solution problem of ill-posed basic problem is reduced to the numerical solution problem of the properly-posed approximate problem.The latter can be implemented by use of finite difference method or finite element method.


We have measured pion inelastic scattering from [sup 20]Ne with 180 MeV [pi][sup +] and [pi][sup [minus]] at 12[degree] and from 15[degree] to 90[degree] in 5[degree] steps and with 120 MeV [pi][sup +] from 15[degree] to 90[degree] in 5[degree] steps. We report here on states in the first four [ital K][sup [pi]]=0[sup +] bands, including the 6.73MeV 0[sup +] and the 8.78-MeV [sup 6+] levels. Coupled-channels processes are shown to be important for many states.


Interconnections for cross-border electricity trade improve price convergence and welfare. Increased production from variable renewables however implies higher levels of optimal interconnection capacity than in the past. Rather than using scenario building to determine new optimal levels of interconnection capacity, this paper presents a new methodology for Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA) based on empirical market data, using the French-German electricity trade as an example. Employing a very fine dataset of hourly supply and demand curves (aggregated auction curves) from the EPEX Spot market, it constructs net export (NEC) and net import demand curves (NIDC) for both countries. This allows assessing hourly welfare impacts for incremental capacity and, summed over the year, the annual welfare benefits for each discrete increase in interconnection capacity. Confronting benefits with the annualised costs of increasing interconnection capacity determines the socially optimal increase in interconnection capacity between France and Germany on the basis of empirical market micro-data.


Otpor is discussed in the text as a complex and contradictory new type of social movement, whose members attempted to contribute to the tradition of enlightened reform of social and political life in Serbia, simultaneously in a highly pragmatic and in a creative, possibly even irresponsible manner. After the introduction, analyzed are popular and media narratives on the characteristics of the movement, dilemmas concerning the founding of the movement and meaning of its key symbols, and the Faustian question of goals and consequences of foreign, in particular American influences. Following is a discussion of strategic (non-violent revolution, calculated victimization) and tactical (black campaigns, get-out-the-vote campaign) roles of Otpor in the coordinated project of ousting Milosevic. Otpor's role is then re-interpreted in the frame of the 'electoral revolution', developed by Valerie Bunce, Sharon Wolchik and Michael McFoul. An assessment of the transformation of Otpor from an active social movement into an exportable blueprint for non-violent political revolutions is offered in lieu of a conclusion.


Czech subsidies on production of electricity from renewable
energy sources represent a sensitive and highly discussed topic
in the Czech Republic, in particular where photovoltaic power
plants are concerned. The legal viewpoint is not necessarily
limited to only the constitutional and criminal-law
implications. The issue is also of great interest from the
systemic and theoretical viewpoints, especially where assessed
comprehensively in the context of the EU law and,
simultaneously, in conjunction with the public international
law. The protection of investments into photovoltaic power
plants is often protected under international law by bilateral
treaties. However, the subsidies itself may not be under
certain occasions in accordance with the EU law which put the
two in conflict that must be solved by the Czech legislator.
This article tries to find a solution to this conflict. On the
other hand, the validity of the Czech legislation or its
substantive analysis are not in the centre of the interest of
the article. Accordingly, the article does not deal with the
question whether or not the Czech law complies with the EU law.
The article rather focuses on the relation between the Czech,
EU law and international and the implications for the EU law
and, in particular, for public international law.


Increased responsiveness of hyperthyroid patients to adrenergic stimulation has been demonstrated (Prange, French, McCurdy, Van Wyk & Lipton, 1968), but evidence obtained from experimental animals and the effects of some fl-adrenoceptor blocking agents is controversial (Wilson, Thielen & Fletcher, 1964). The response of hyperthyroid patients to propranolol is, however, indistinguishable from that of patients with anxiety states (Turner, Granville-Grossman & Smart, 1965). The intrinsic heart rate (i.h.r.) was measured in twenty-two female and three male hyperthyroid and five female and one male hypothyroid patients, and in sixteen normal subjects. The effect of propranolol (0.15 mg/kg intravenously, Chamberlain & Shinebourne, unpublished observations) on the resting heart rate was recorded on an electrocardiograph at minute intervals until maximum sympathetic blockade occurred. Atropine (0.04 mg/kg intravenously, Chamberlain, Turner & Sneddon, 1967) was slowly administered and the rate recorded every minute for 5 min. The final rate was accepted as the i.h.r. Four female patients whose i.h.r. had been recorded when they were hyperthyroid were studied in an identical manner when they had become euthyroid. The i.h.r.s showed a significant negative correlation with age (r= 0.476 with 95% limits -0.753 to -0.199). When the rates were adjusted for age and submitted to covariate analysis, the mean rate of hyperthyroid patients was significantly higher (P<0.01) than normal subjects while that of hypothyroid patients was lower (P<0.1). These results confirm those of Jose (1966), Frick, Heikkila & Kahanpaa (1967), and McDevitt, Shanks, Hadden, Montgomery & Weaver (1968). The wide scatter of the i.h.r. of hyperthyroid subjects, however, suggests that this alone is not responsible for their tachycardia, and in keeping with this is the variable fall in i.h.r. ranging from 0-16 beats/min that was found after treatment. As with euthyroid subjects, the fall in heart rate in hyperthyroid patients after propranolol was negatively correlated with the rise after atropine (r= -0.426, P<0.01). This implies that patients with high resting rates have less vagal and more sympathetic tone. In the investigation and treatment of hyperthyroid tachycardia it is important to use 3-adrenoceptor blocking agents that possess no significant sympathmimetic effects (Hill & Turner, 1968). It may be that such effects account for the differing results previously obtained (Wilson et al., 1964). The increased i.h.r. and exaggerated response to sympathetic stimulation in hyperthyroidism can both be explained by an increase in tissue 3', 5'-AMP (Robison, Butcher & Sutherland, 1966). It has been shown that this agent produces, in normal subjects, cardiovascular changes identical to those found in hyperthyroidism and after /-adrenoceptor stimulation (Levine, Dixon & Franklin, 1968).


In this paper, we are focusing on creating a pupil behaviour model in a lesson. In terms of game theory, we consider the lesson to be a conflicting situation, which gives us an opportunity to use the game theory methods to model and then analyze the lesson in terms of its dynamics. We consider a "profit" to be the satisfaction of the personal needs of the elements of this dynamic system, i.e. pupils and teachers. As an external manifestation of decisionmaking, we observe the disruption of the lesson by pupils' behaviour not in accord with accepted standards. This allows us to capture essential data, to which we compare the data created by the model.


We suggest a simple modification to the kd-tree search algorithm for nearest neighbor search resulting in an improved performance. The Kd-tree data structure seems to work well in finding nearest neighbors in low dimensions but its performance degrades even if the number of dimensions increases to more than three. Since the exact nearest neighbor search problem suffers from the curse of dimensionality we focus on approximate solutions; a c-approximate nearest neighbor is any neighbor within distance at most c times the distance to the nearest neighbor. We show that for a randomly constructed database of points the traditional kd-tree search algorithm has a very low probability of finding an approximate nearest neighbor; the probability of success drops exponentially in the number of dimensions d as e. However, a simple change to the search algorithm results in a much higher chance of success. Instead of searching for the query point in the kd-tree the search for a random set of points in the neighborhood of the query point. It turns out that searching for e such points can find the c-approximate nearest neighbor with a much higher chance of success.


Structural and electron magnetic resonance studies in a broad temperature range are reported for Pr0.6Sr0.4MnO3 manganite synthesized by sol-gel method. Temperature dependence of magnetic resonance spectra is analyzed in the paramagnetic state and compared to similar systems. Using the temperature variation of signal intensity the activation energy is calculated.


Using MOS resistive circuits,an OTRAMOSFET proportional circuit and OTRAMOSFETC lossless/lossy integrators suitable for integration are proposed in the paper These circuits can reduce the effect of parasitic capacitance,and their bandwidth is independent of closedloop voltage gain Two new configurations of biquad filters based on these circuits are presented,which can provide lowpass,bandpass and highpass outputs The circuit is simple and can be tuned easily by controlling voltage


This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial and No Derivatives License (http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution of the material without any modifications, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original works properly cited. Online hemodiafiltration (HDF) is the most technologically advanced renal replacement therapy, combining convective and diffusive solute removal. Online HDF removes a larger volume of small and middle molecule uremic toxins compared to conventional hemodialysis (HD). Recent clinical trials demonstrated that HDF improves patient survival when adequate convection volumes are achieved [1,2]. Online HDF is more complex than conventional HD. Various modes of online HDF, differing by the site of replacement fluid infusion, are in use. The replacement fluid can be infused into the tubing downstream of the dialyzer (postdilution), upstream of the dialyzer (predilution), both upstream and downstream (mixed dilution), or into the middle of the dialyzer blood pathway (mid-dilution). Each has its strengths and limitations (Table 1). Postdilution mode is the most common method of fluid substitution in online HDF. Postdilution HDF is the most effective method in terms of solute removal. However, it can increase the viscosity of the blood before fluid substituWho is the winner, pre-, post-, or mixed-dilution hemodiafiltration?


Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common chronic relapsing skin disease affecting about 15% of children aged less than 15 years. As there is no definitive cure for the condition, the use of traditional Chinese herbal medicine (TCHM) is a potential adjunctive therapy. In an open-label study, a concoction of five herbal extracts twice daily has been found to be beneficial.1 The five herbs included Flos lonicerae (Jinyinhua), Herba menthae (Bohe), Cortex moutan (Danpi), Rhizoma atractylodis (Cangzhu) and Cortex phellodendri (Huangbai). The formulation was based on a widely used traditional concoction, with no corticosteroid or related compound.2 This study aimed to determine the therapeutic efficacy, tolerability, and safety of this concoction in children with AD.


Bilingual and monolingual children might have different styles of using multimodal language. This study investigates speech disfluency and gesture production of 5- and 7-year-old Turkish monolingual (N = 61) and Turkish–English bilingual children (N = 51). We examined monolinguals' Turkish narratives and bilinguals' Turkish and English narratives. Results indicated that bilinguals were more disfluent than monolinguals, particularly for silent and filled (e.g., umm) pauses. Bilinguals used silent pauses and repetitions (e.g., cat cat) more frequently in English than in Turkish. Gesture use was comparable across language and age groups, except for iconic gestures. Monolinguals produced more iconic gestures than bilinguals. Children's overall gesture frequency predicted disfluency rates only in Turkish. Different gesture types might be orchestrated in the multimodal system, contributing to narrative fluency. The use of disfluency and gesture types might provide insight into bilingual and monolingual children's language development and communication strategies.


Visual Arts and Play to Solve Problems and Foster Resiliency fiJ rt educators, nurse therapists, and art education students at East Carolina University (ECU) had an opportunity to develop a resiliency artprogram for a group of 10-to 15-year-old students in the Boys and Girls Clubs of Pitt County and Safe Haven, a community Weed and Seed program of the City of Greenville. Both organizations are in Pitt County, North Carolina (East Carolina University Regional Training Center, 2001). Because the program was after the young students' school day, the universityplanned activities were mandated to be pleasurable as well as informative.


This chapter shows how learner corpora can be used to help design pedagogic applications. Section 1 contains a brief description of learner corpora and addresses some of the key issues in learner corpus collection and analysis. Four types of learner corpus-informed pedagogic applications are then presented in Sections 2 to 5, viz. grammar books, learners' dictionaries and writing aids, automatic assessment, annotation and rating, and finally pre- and in-service teacher training for non-native teachers. The final section of the chapter offers suggestions for further reading.


In Satellite/Terrestrial Integrated mobile Commu nication System (STICS), both the terrestrial and satellite communication systems use the same frequencies, and together with desired waves on the satellite, interference waves are also received from terrestrial systems. Therefore, the user link reception system on the satellite needs a Low Noise Amplifier (LNA) to be mounted thereon that has strong antiinterference characteristics and is highly resil ient, and that operates appropriately even with this large amount of interference waves. Also, regarding the Solid State Power Amplifier (SSPA), to simultaneously amplify many communication channels, it must have high linearity, and it consumes almost all the power of the communica tion satellite, so high efficiency operation is desirable. Previously, as an actual example of a satellite mounted LNA in the Sband, the literature [1] describes achievement of Noise Figure (NF) 1.4 dB, gain 44.8 dB, amplitudefre quency characteristics 0.5 dB/5 MHz, and phase shift 0.6°/5 MHz, but antisaturation characteristics for LNA are not described. This paper describes our development of a high linear ity LNA to be mounted on a satellite, that operates effec tively in a state with the interference waves level at least 40 dB higher than the desired waves, and our environmental tests and simple radiation analysis etc. done to verify its effectiveness. We also used GaN which is used in the latest device, to manufacture a high linearity SSPA for a satellite, and similarly performed environmental tests and simple radiation analysis, etc. to confirm its validity. In this paper, the following Section 1 is the introduc tion, Section 2 describes development of a high linearity LNA, Section 3 describes development of a high linearity SSPA, and Section 4 states the conclusion.


The inte rsystem line from the transition 282 'So282p aP l has been observed in t he first s~ectrum of ~eryllium . 'Wa velengt h m easurements give 4548.538 ± .002 A, which agrees 'nt h th e predIcted value of 4548 .29 ± .4 A . The energy of the aP l level is t hus d etermined t o be 21,978.92 ± .OI K above th e ground state, and t h e value x t o be add ed t o all of t h e t riplet terms of Be I tabulated in " Atomic Energy Levels" is 1.18 K . Intensit y m easurem ents show that t he intensity ratio of t he singlet r esonance line Be I 2348.61 A t o t he intersystem li ne is about 3X I07. '


The family Draconettidae is revised. The following species are considered as valid: Centrodraco acanthopoma from the NW and NE Atlantic; C. gegonipus from the SE Pacific; C. insolitus from the Indian Ocean off NW Australia; C. nakaboi n. sp. from the NW and SE Pacific; C. oregonus oregonus from the W Atlantic; C. oregonus lineatus n. subsp. from the W Indian Ocean; C. ornatus from the W Pacific; C. pseudoxenicus from Japan and the South China Sea; C. rubellus n. sp. from the Hawaiian Islands and Indonesia; C. striatus from the SE Pacific; Draconetta xenica from the Indo-West Pacific. The species are described and illustrated; a key to genera and species of the Draconettidae is presented.


Human papillomavirus (HPV) gene expression is regulated in concert with the epithelial differentiationprogram. In particular, expression of the virus capsid proteins L1 and L2 is tightly restricted to differentiatedepithelial cells. For HPV16, the capsid proteins are encoded by 13 structurally different mRNAs that areproduced by extensive alternative splicing. Previously, we demonstrated that upon epithelial differentiation,HPV16 infection upregulates hnRNP A1 and SF2/ASF, both key factors in alternative splicing regulation. Herewe cloned a 1-kb region upstream of and including the transcriptional start site of the SF2ASF gene and usedit in in vivo transcription assays to demonstrate that the HPV16 E2 transcription factor transactivates theSF2/ASF promoter. The transactivation domain but not the DNA binding domain of the protein is necessaryfor this. Active E2 association with the promoter was demonstrated using chromatin immunoprecipitationassays. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays indicated that E2 interacted with a region 482 to 684 bp upstreamof the transcription initiation site in vitro. This is the first time that HPV16 E2 has been shown to regulatecellular gene expression and the first report of viral regulation of expression of an RNA processing factor. SuchE2-mediated control during differentiation of infected epithelial cells may facilitate late capsid protein expres-sion and completion of the virus life cycle.


By shifting the standing wave pattern in space,a new design scheme to control the rotation direction of the standing wave ultrasonic motor is presented.The prototype motor shows the feasibility of the design and that the characteristics are the same while rotating in either direction.


Recently, the growth of information infrastructure is getting fatter and faster. At the same time, the security accidents are increasing together. We have problem that do not handle traffic because we have the Intrusion Detection Systems in low speed environment. In order to overcome this, we need effective security analysis techniques that ran Processed data of high-capacity because high speed network environment. In this paper we proposed the Gigabit Intrusion Detection System for coordinated security function such as intrusion detection, response on the high speed network. We suggested the detection mechanism in high speed network environment that have pattern matching function based packet header and based packet data that is proceeded in system kernel area, we are shown that this mechanism was excellent until maximum 20 times than existing system in traffic processing performance


In order to obtain the temperature field distribution of the all-film pulsed capacitors (AFPCs) under repetitive high-voltage pulse discharge conditions, we analyze the internal structure of the AFPC, and establish the temperature field simulation model. Based on the FEA, we obtain the overall temperature field distribution of the AFPC, and the relationship between discharge voltage, frequency, and temperature rise. This model can be used to evaluate the temperature rise characteristics of an AFPC in repetitive high-voltage pulse discharge and has certain guiding significance for the safe operation.


We studied the effects of salvianolic acid B(Sa1.B)、Rb、Re and Rg fractions of Danshen or Sanqi on platelet aggregation and adhesion,TXA 2 and PGI 2 in normal rats. The results demonstrated that Re fraction (68mg/kg)and Rg fraction (108mg/kg),given orally,could markedly counteract ADP induced platelet aggregation.Rg fraction (108mg/kg) and Sal.B fraction(48mg/kg) could markedly inhibit platelet adhesion.Rb fraction(112mg/kg) have no effects on platelet aggregation and on adhesion.Rg fraction(108mg/kg) and Sal.B fraction (48mg/kg) could markedly decrease the level of TXA 2,but had little effect on 6 Keto PGF 1α . Moreover, Rg fraction 108mg/kg could decrease the ration of TXB 2/6 Keto PGF 1α ,too. The results suggested that the inhibition effects on platelet aggregation and adhesion of Rg fraction(108mg/kg) and Sal.B fraction(48mg/kg) of Danshen or Sanqi might be closely related to its inhibition effect on the release of TXA 2 in normal rats.


With British engineers at the heart of efforts to reduce the cost of access to space, Andrew Wade and Jon Excell look at some of the rising stars of the UK space sector


The present invention relates to an infant seat bed. The invention For this purpose consists of wrapping in the infant seat bed comprising been produced integrally by pressure-molding the elastic material jidoe, wall portion and the support portion, aewo the edges to prevent the flow of the wall portion infant shape jidoe, the wall parts of both side end has to be so that it rests in a natural range of the arm of the infant being provided with the wall portions is being arm receiving groove formed in a groove shape, in the lower end of the wall portion so that it rests of the infants legs is formed with a groove form leg receiving grooves becomes is provided, the supporting portion infant head is such that the headrest portion which is formed of a groove shape of the surface beneath in; that is with the lower the headrest part forming a neck projecting in the form of a curved surface such that beneath the infant's neck support unit; and a receiving portion such as to be beneath the like of the neck supporting the infant in the lower portion; And is provided on an upper surface of the like comprising supporting portion lower leg support which is in the infant leg so obliquely formed up beneath the part, jidoe is a vent groove provided on an upper surface of the wall portion and the support portion, the vent groove is the wall portion of the edge a rim-cutting aewo vent groove; Jidoe and is connected to the rim vent groove, which is provided on an upper surface of the support portion receiving portion vent groove; is composed of the receiving portion vent grooves head vent groove which is provided in the headrest portion of said support; Vent groove, etc., etc. which is provided in the receiving part; And a bridge is bridge vent groove which is provided in the receiving part; includes, the infant seat bed (M) is added to the upper and to the lower pressure at the same time in the process of compression molding to form a space on the bottom surface such that the thickness is formed in a predetermined range It characterized.


A two day (19-20 lh March 2004) natIonal level students paper presentatIOn on Earth System SCIences was orgamzed by the Department of Earth SCiences, lIT Roorkee and was held as a part of the annual fest of the InstItute ·Cogmzance' Some of the pa;tlclpants In thIS conventlOn were from other engIneermg fields allIed to earth sCIences' and hence the nature of theIr talks were InterdIscIplInary A Sharma (Maulana Azad NatIOnal Institute of Technology, Bhopal) narrated the cost optImIzatIOn trends In contourmg usmg hand held GPS and stressed the usage of GPS along wIth conventIonal Instruments ltke Dumpy Level to do contourIng accurately In the fIeld A A GandhI (Maharashtra InstItute of Technology, Pune) dIscussed the usefulness and advantages of combustIble blOethanol as cost-effective, renewable and enVIronment frIendly fuel A Uppal (G B Pant UnIversIty of Agnculture and Technology, Pantnagar) dlscusscd the harmful consequences of automobIle pollutIOn and dIscussed the preventIve measUles along WIth the ImplIcatIon ofEuro norms whIch mIght act as a yardstick Narratmg the role of flUIds m the evolutlon of metabasltes of the Tso-1vlO1an crystaJJmes (NW HlmaJaya), and Its ImphcatlOns to the HImalayan orogeny, A SaikIa (DeIhl UniversIty) concJuded that the area had undergone fast ~ubductLOn and was stablltzcd under eclogIte faCIes metamorphIsm dUring the MIOcene PerIod Ashlsh (lIT, Root kee) dIscussed a comparatIve study between the BussJan and Berg models for pal tlal saturatIOn In estlmatmg water &aturatlon 111 shaly sandstone reserVOlr, and concluded that the second model was accurate and stable Takmg mto account the reductlontst concept of water surplus rIver baSInS, D MukheIjee (Maulana Azad NatIOnal InstItute of Technology, Bhopal) warned the pOSSIble envIronmental dIsasters 111 the mterhnkmg of Ind1an fIvers project and stressed the need for alternatIve strategIes In another presentatIon, he reVIewed aspects of stratosphenc ozone ItS uses, causes, consequences and mechanism of ItS depletlOn and a case hIstory of the Antarctlca ozone hole D Mohanty (lIT, RoO! kee) reViewed mtegl atlon of coal bed methane (CBM) extractlOn and underground (lIlS1tU) gaslflCatlOn techmques wIth an mm to I ecover the nonrenewdble and apparently um ecoverable resources of coal as much as pOSSible


During the past decade state legislatures have been providing funds from which state normal schools and .state universities have erected buildings in which high-school training schools have been established. In other states statutory provision has been made for the co-operation of the state school and its local public high school. Private and denominational colleges and universities have also become interested and not a few of them have correspondingly incorporated the training high school or converted their academy into a pedagogical laboratory. In order to understand the magnitude of this movement toward the clinic method in the preparation of teachers letters were addressed to the heads of departments of education of the various states throughout the United States. Appended to these letters were the following questions:


Cities in Civilization is the magnum opus of planner and urban historian Peter Hall. The book is a truly monumental achievement. The main text in the paperback edition, published by Phoenix in 1999, runs to just under 1000 pages. Peter Hall's intention is to examine the factors behind the 'golden ages' of creativity and innovation of the Western world's major cities. The first part of the work (described as Book One) analyses six cities which, in particular historical periods, have excelled and broken new ground in the arts: the Athenian polis from 500 BC to 400 BC; Florence in the fifteenth century, under the patronage of the Medici and other wealthy families of bankers, industrialists and merchants; London from 1570 to 1620, during the last three decades of the reign of Elizabeth I and in Shakespeare's lifetime; the two 'golden ages' of Vienna: its 'musical revolution' (Haydn, Mozart, Beethoven, Schubert) from 1780 to 1830, and its flowering in literature, philosophy, psychology, architecture and the visual arts between 1890 and 1910; the extraordinary concentration of world leading painters in Paris from 1870 to 1910, and the artistic and political vitality of Berlin in the years of the Weimar Republic, from 1918 to 1933. The rest of Cities in Civilization consists of four parts. Book Two focuses on urban technological and industrial innovation, with case studies on Manchester during the Industrial Revolution, Glasgow from 1770 to 1890, electrical engineering in Berlin from 1840 to 1930, the automobile industry in Detroit from 1890 to 1915, information technology in California's Silicon Valley from 1950 to 1990, and the industrial complexes of the city region of Tokyo, Kanagawa, Saitama and Chiba. Book Three considers how 'the marriage of art and technology' created the film industry in Hollywood (1910– 1945) and the popular music industry in Memphis, Tennessee (1948–1956). There follows a long section (Book Four) on innovation in urban renewal and in the provision of mass transportation, housing, water, sewage systems and other utilities, with case studies ranging from early imperial Rome (50 BC– AD 100) to nineteenth-century London, Haussmann's Paris (1850–1870), New York from 1880 to 1940, twentiethcentury Los Angeles, Social Democratic Stockholm (1945–1980) and again London, under Margaret Thatcher's Conservative government. The concluding section (Book Five) speculates about future urban innovation and challenges for cities, including those of dealing with social inequality and achieving sustainable development.


Abstract OCS oil and gas development has caused federal‐state conflicts. Coastal states have been deprived of offshore lands within their historic boundaries by erroneous judicial decisions. Coastal states have been required to bear the impacts and risks of OCS development without sharing in its benefits. The federal programs which have enabled coastal states to plan for and deal with the impacts of OCS development have been terminated or threatened by budgetary cutbacks. Coastal states have had to be concerned with the drainage of their oil and gas resources by federal lessees. Congress should enact a block grant program, similar to the Ocean and Coastal Resources Management and Development Block Grant Act of 1984, to provide OCS revenues to the coastal states. This program would help establish greater federal‐state cooperation concerning OCS oil and gas development.


Princes Bridge is Melbourne's grandest bridge linking the southern commercial and art centres to the heart of the city. It is one of the busiest bridges in Australia servicing vehicular, trams and extensive pedestrian traffic. Built in 1888 it has significant heritage value. The bridge was last painted in the 1970s, and as a result the paintwork throughout the structure had deteriorated to such an extent that it was no longer providing corrosion protection in many areas. The decorative features had significantly deteriorated and required significant rehabilitation. In addition an initial load assessment indicated the bridge was significantly under strength for current legally loaded vehicles. With the forthcoming Commonwealth Games in 2006, the City of Melbourne decided to undertake an extensive rehabilitation of Princes Bridge with the following objectives: repair and repaint all of the decorative features on the bridge in accordance with the heritage values of the bridge; remove all of the existing lead paint from the bridge and repaint with a long term corrosion protection system; and assess the bridge through a performance load test and undertake strengthening works to meet current legal loads accordingly. The works have been delivered to a high standard of workmanship with all of the technical issues resolved well in advance of the Commonwealth Games. (a) For the covering entry of this conference, please see ITRD abstract no. E214936.


In conventional cellular network systems, the cell edge users are vulnerable to interference from neighboring cells. In order to deal with this problem, coordinate multipoint transmission/reception(CoMP) has been proposed in LTE-A system. Yet, in recent years, multiuser multiple- input-multiple output (MU-MIMO) has been well developed. The MU-MIMO technique allows the simultaneous transmission of multiple user signals in the same time at the same frequency band, and hence enhances the system performance effectively. Thus, LTE-A tries to integrate MU-MIMO and CoMP hoping for better peak data rate and higher spectrum efficiency. This thesis aims to investigate intra-site MU CoMP joint processing (JP) techniques. We propose a new antenna-selection-based JP method that can better use the system resource and reduce the feedback overhead. Thanks to the antenna selection technique, we can translate a multipoint CoMP problem to a virtual single-point CoMP problem such that the existing single-point MU-MIMO technique can be directly applied. Numerical results show that the proposed method outperforms the conventional approach and at the same time requires less feedback overhead.


Laws governing pastoral communal lands are barely developed in Ethiopia. The Federal Constitution firmly recognizes uninterrupted land use right of pastoralists including for grazing. Federal land laws, however, mention pastoralists' issues incidentally and are far from being comprehensive frameworks. This research is the review of pillars of federal and regional land laws, examination of their implementation, synergy between state and customary land administration system, and the implication of gaps in accessing land for different programmes in Ethiopian Afar and Somali regional states. The findings revealed that in the absence of any federal laws that effectively regulate communal lands uses, regional laws were found to be precarious, feeble and far from being comprehensive. Ironically, the regional laws offered more protection to crop fields than communal (pastoral) land. It is also shown that customary and state land administration systems that operate simultaneously in the areas lack synergy and created stalemate.


In ocean environment,accurate tide forecasting is a kind of significant work for constructions and human activities.Artificial neural networks(ANN) model is presented for forecasting the tidal-level using limited field data of one site or multi-sites.Based on the characteristics of tide time series,a new conception-the periodicity analysis on tide data is proposed and applied to the testing of the performance of ANN model.The numerical results indicate that this method is efficient to solve the time lag problem existing in previous ANN models.Based on the pertinence of tidal-level data among different tidal gauge stations,a new tide forecasting method-site to site is developed,and the numerical results agree well with field data.


The total energy loss by electromagnetic radiation and neutralized energetic particles was measured in the Alpha facility. The energy loss dependence on time and space was investigated for several conditions of pressure and external magnetic field. The measured results accounted for only 10 to 20% of the total amount of energy stored in the plasma created by the discharge. The first bolometer was a nickel spherical black body with a coefficient of absorption equal to unity. It had a weight of 0.1 g and a sensitivity of 10 deg C/ joule and could measure only the integral of the energy loss from the plasma because of its long time constant of 0.5 sec. The second bolometer was a flat- plate detector utilizing a 200-ohm spiraled bismuth thermal resistor of 50 mg and a rise time of 100 mu sec. The flat-plate bolometer found the same discrepancy between the power measured and the power introduced. The measurements showed that the bolometers registered only a part of the total energy introduced in the plasma. This indicated that there are localized places which emit significant amounts of energy; this may be a result of oscillating magnetic fields in the discharge. The measurements showedmore » clearly that the emitted energy begins at a time significantly later (1 msec) than the moment of origin of the discharge. (TTT)« less


Hybrid optical fibers represent a new category of optical fiber consisting of materials which are traditionally not used in fiber optics. These multimaterial structures have led to photonic devices with unprecedented properties, having opened up new directions for fiber optics. M. A. Schmidt and co-workers review the latest advances in this new direction on page 13. The image, created by Ron Spittel, illustrates the various materials and geometries that can be included in optical fibers.


Disclosed film laminates polyvinylidene fluoride resins and sheet thermoformed A temperatures above about 260 C (500 F), DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURES FORMED FROM THOSE AND PROCEDURES FOR MAKING.


After years of development, residential property management has shown some drawbacks. Under the background of "Internet plus", there are some innovative models in property management. How to make better use of Internet thinking and improve the professionalization and modernization level of residential property management is the topic that still should be explore at this time. Keywords—residential property management; internet thinking; innovation


Continuous-wave laser properties of Nd : GYSGG crystal based on the transition from 4F3/2 to 4I13/2 are investigated. With different output couplers, single or multiple wavelength lasers operating at 1321, 1336, 1404 and 1424 nm are obtained, which provide new options in these wavelength bands. In the 1.3 µm region, the maximum output power is 2.5 W, corresponding to the conversion efficiency of 18.5%. In the 1.4 µm region, the maximum output power at 1424 nm is 707 mW, corresponding to the conversion efficiency of 6.8%. The output power and conversion efficiency can be improved with better anti-reflection coatings for the laser crystal.


This edited volume by Sandra Piesik explores vernacular architecture through material and climate. The section co-authored by Debbie Whelan and Walter Peters documents materials and climate in Southern Africa.


Silylene-bridged dinuclear complexes have shown many interesting reactivities. Cu 2 (B(3,5-diMe)BAPS)( μ -OMe) 2 reacted with (CH 3 ) 3 SiCl to yield a [ μ -Si(CH 3 ) 2 ] dicopper complex. The reaction, separation, and drying of the product was carried out under dry nitrogen conditions. The reaction was monitored using thin layer chromatography (TLC) and the separations were done using column chromatography. The product was characterized using IR, NMR, UV-Vis and ES-MS. Analysis of the separated product supports the yielding of Cu 2 (B(3.5-dime)BAPS)( μ -Si(CH 3 ) 2 ) 2 (H 2 O) 2 .


The computationally intensive designs such as Multiplier Accumulator Unit need to be revisited for ascertaining better performance. Design of MAC unit using Variable Precision multiplier is explored in this paper with adoption of this concept to multipliers like Array, Carry Save, Booth and Vedic Multipliers. The variable precision MAC unit saves the computation memory as the partial results are computed with less memory so that the final result has a size of 2n x m for multiplication of n x m bits. The Verilog HDL modeling is used for the designs and Xilinx ISE 14.5 with ISIM simulator are used to functionally verify for Zynq 7000 series FPGA (XC7Z020-1CLG484). Among these, Vedic VPMAC FIR Filter proved to be better for area and delay by atleast 23.05% and 17.16% respectively, with a trade-off of 2.04% in power dissipation when compared with the other three designs. Also when compared with existing designs, it uses less area, delay and power dissipation by at least 8.06%, 8.58% and 2% respectively.


Objective: understanding the feelings of users, relatives and workers of a Psychosocial Care Center about the mental health care. Method: it is a field study, with qualitative nature. The study had the participation of 10 users, 10 health workers and 10 relatives. We have used the semi-structured interview with the following question << What do you think about the mental health care? >>. The utterances were subjected to the content analysis technique. The research project was approved by the Ethics Research Committee, under the Protocol no 06541547-7. Results: after analysis, two categories have emerged << Representations of the relationship among workers/users/relatives about the mental health care >> and << Expression of feelings >>. The feelings were related to the issue of mental illness itself and to the interaction among the subjects, by promoting the rehabilitation of the mentally ill patient. Conclusion: The interviews have unveiled the representations, the limits and possibilities occasioned by the mental illness, which is part of the mental health care process. Descriptors: Mental Health, Mental Health Care Services, Rehabilitation. RESUMO Objetivo: apreender os sentimentos dos usuários, familiares e trabalhadores de um Centro de Atenção Psicossocial acerca do cuidado em saúde mental. Método: estudo de campo, de cunho qualitativo. Participaram 10 usuários, 10 trabalhadores e 10 familiares. Foi utilizada a entrevista semiestruturada com a seguinte questão << O que representa o cuidado em saúde mental? >>. As verbalizações foram submetidas à técnica de análise de conteúdo. O projeto de pesquisa foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa, sob o Protocolo no 06541547-7. Resultados: após análise, emergiram duas categorias << Representações sobre a relação entre trabalhadores/usuários/familiares acerca do cuidado em saúde mental e << Expressão de sentimentos >>. Os sentimentos foram relacionados à própria questão do adoecimento mental e à interação entre sujeitos, promovendo a ressocialização do portador de transtorno mental. Conclusão: as entrevistas revelaram as representações, os limites e as possibilidades ocasionadas pelo adoecer mental, o qual faz parte do processo cuidar em saúde mental. Descritores: Saúde Mental; Serviços de Saúde Mental; Reabilitação. RESUMEN Objetivo: aprehender los sentimientos de los usuarios, familiares y trabajadores de un Centro de Atención Psicosocial acerca del cuidado en salud mental. Método: estudio de campo, de cuño cualitativo. Participaron 10 usuarios, 10 trabajadores y 10 familiares. Fue utilizada la entrevista semiestructurada con la siguiente pregunta << ¿Qué representa el cuidado en salud mental? >>. Las verbalizaciones fueron sometidas a técnicas de análisis de contenido. El proyecto de investigación fue aprobado por el Comité de Ética en Investigación, sobre el Protocolo no 06541547-7. Resultados: después del análisis, surgieron dos categorías << Representaciones sobre la relación entre trabajadores/usuarios/familiares acerca del cuidado en salud mental >> y << Expresión de sentimientos >>. Los sentimientos fueron relacionados a la propia cuestión de la enfermedad mental y a la interacción entre sujetos, promoviendo la resocialización del portador del trastorno mental. Conclusión: las entrevistas revelaron las representaciones, los límites y las posibilidades ocasionadas por la enfermedad mental, lo cual hace parte del proceso cuidar en salud mental. Descriptores: Salud Mental; Servicios de Salud Mental; Rehabilitación. Nurse, Master in Public Health, Universidade Estadual do Ceará/UECE. Fortaleza (CE), Brazil. E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com; Nurse, PhD in Nursing, Professor at the Master Course in Public Health, Universidade Estadual do Ceará/UECE and PhD in Collective Health. Fortaleza (CE), Brazil. E-mail: email@example.com; Nurse, PhD in Veterinary Sciences, Universidade Estadual do Ceará/UECE. Fortaleza (CE) Brazil. E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com ORIGINAL ARTICLE Brasil EGM, Jorge MSB, Costa EC. Feelings experienced by users, relatives... English/Portuguese J Nurs UFPE on line., Recife, 7(6):4348-53, June., 2013 4349 DOI: 10.5205/reuol.4164-33013-1-SM.0706201305 ISSN: 1981-8963 The study has allowed us to observe the way in which the interaction among the health worker, patients and relatives takes place in the process of mental health care, since the individual is understood as the protagonist of the treatment and is inserted in a family group, which is also served by the health care service. Given this context, the activities of the Psychosocial Care Centers (CAPS) include the family care and are committed to the social insertion of the user. For the development of practices, the rehabilitation makes use of relational and dialogic aspects, among others, welcoming, listening and bonding. Accordingly, the actions developed in mental health care services are grounded on the aforementioned aspects. The Psychosocial Care Center is an open and community health service that offers specialized care to people suffering from severe and persistent mental disorder, with or without a history of admission to a psychiatric hospital, severe neurotic and dependent on psychoactive substances; such a center serves a clientele of adults, children and teenagers. The narrower focus of the CAPS is on the user and its relatives, so that it becomes essential to understand the complexity and subjectivity of the individual that is in psychological imbalance, in order to assist in the discovery process in a less painful way of self-expression for both parts. The actions and the services of the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS) integrate a regionalized and hierarchical network; constitute a single, organized and decentralized system, with a single management in each sphere of government, by providing a comprehensive care, from the prioritization of preventive activities (without prejudice to care actions) and with popular participation. In CAPS, users are assisted in a daily care regimen. The treatment takes place through individual and group attendances, as well as by means of therapeutic workshops that search for social inclusion through the citizenship development. In other words, they are community services aimed at taking care of people who suffer from mental disorders, especially with severe and persistent disorders, in their coverage area. These centers must comply with some basic principles, among which they are responsible for the welcoming of 100% of the demand of patients with severe disorders within their territory, by assuring the presence of a responsible professional throughout the period of operation of the unit (technical shift) and develop a friendly therapeutic ambience in the service that might include pretty unbalanced patients who cannot follow the structured activities of the unit. The care is evidenced in every moment of the human life, by revealing itself during the exchanges: interaction and relationship. By considering that the human being is exposed to various risks of contact with the society or the environment, it should be noted that the care is essential for the life maintenance. Regarding the care, it is necessary that professionals to reflect about what is important when the care is conducted: whether it is the development of techniques or it is the assistance to the individual not to lose its dignity, when he is sick. Caring of life in a more intense way means to realize the histories of each one, since they hold the best meanings. By considering that the production unit of services is not a isolated professional, but the staff; that the narrower focus of care is not only the individual, but the family and its surroundings; that the interventions to provide the health care should be sustained by the knowledge that encompasses the biopsychosocial determinations of the healthdisease and the care, by the autonomy and accountability of professionals towards the users, families and community; health care becomes a central feature of a collective and complex work, where the interdisciplinarity, as well as the multiprofessionality are necessary factors. People who search for health care in public services come with the expectation of a quick and safe care, by seeking for the health improvement and care quality, for example, being welcomed and informed, as well as having a humanized care. The psychosocial rehabilitation, as care technology in the context of the psychiatric reform, seeks to rescue the potentiality of communication production, relationships and bonds with the users of mental health services It is redefined as a know-how that allows us to consider the mental disorder as another data of the subject's history: a subject who lives in a given territory, who establishes social relationships, who is part of a certain family and who carries a psychiatric disorder. In this context, the rehabilitation is presented as a proposal of the CAPS to take the carrier of mental disorders to the society and to the family. Given this, we aimed at understanding the feelings of users, relatives INTRODUCTION Brasil EGM, Jorge MSB, Costa EC. Feelings experienced by users, relatives... English/Portuguese J Nurs UFPE on line., Recife, 7(6):4348-53, June., 2013 4350 DOI: 10.5205/reuol.4164-33013-1-SM.0706201305 ISSN: 1981-8963 and workers of a Psychosocial Care Center about the mental health care. It is a field study, anchored in the qualitative approach that was chosen because it allows the understanding of the experiences with their subjective aspects involved in the reactions and the behaviors of the investigated subjects. The research field was a Psychosocial Care Center, which is located at the Regional Executive Secretary IV, Fortaleza/CE/Brazil. The survey was conducted from July to October 2007. The choice of CAPS, to the detriment of other mental health services, was due to the nature of work of psychosocial rehabilitation, which was used a


This paper introduces the existing situation and trend in development of stealthy technology at home and abroad. The application of stealthy technology mechanism to communication power vehicle is described, having emphasis on noise and infrared radiation. Meanwhile it poses some methods to achieve the stealthy of communication power vehicle and some difficulties in study of it.


Objectives:To determine the frequency of osteoporosis and vertebral fractures by mean of dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA), in women with associated clinical risk factors.Methods:Observational and tranversal case-control study. We evaluated 500 women with diagnostic presumption of osteoporosis


Genetic parameters for diameter and Pilodyn penetration were estimated for a 5 year-old Eucalyptus globulus ssp. globulus base population established across 5 sites in Tasmania (Australia). The model included race, family plot, incomplete block and family-by-site interaction as random and replicate as fixed effects. Race effects were generally low for diameter and moderate for Pilodyn, with heritabilities across the 5 sites of h(2) = 0.20 and 0.30 respectively. For each trait, correlations between trials were generally high, suggesting that a combined analysis across sites should be appropriate. The genetic correlation between Pilodyn penetration and diameter was moderately unfavourable (averaged 0.25) whereas race correlations were low but favourable (-0.19).


Automatic classification of cancer lesions for gastroenterology imaging scenarios poses novel challenges to computer assisted decision systems, owing to their distinct visual characteristics such as reduced color spaces or natural organic textures. In this paper, we explore the prospects of using Gabor filters in a texton framework for the classification of images from two distinct imaging modalities (chromoendoscopy and narrow-band imaging) into three different groups: normal, precancerous and cancerous. Results show that they produce consistent results for both imaging modalities, hinting on their possible generic use for the classification of in-body images.


ABSTRACT Nanoscale zero-valent iron particles (nZVIs) have been used as the stabilizing materials for remediation of heavy metals (HMs). The usage of nZVIs in the presence of oxygen is a challenging task. When this material comes in contact to air, immediately oxide formation takes place. Thus, preparation of air-stable nZVIs is necessary for successful remediation process. Therefore, the present study has attempted to evaluate the effects of three kinds of synthesized nZVIs, including nZVIEDTA (stabilized by ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid), nZVIDTPA (stabilized by diethylenetriamine pentacetic acid) and nZVI (without chelating agent), to determine their ability to stabilize lead (Pb) in two Pb-spiked soils. Pb-spiked soils were separately incubated with additives at the rates of 0.5% and 2% (W/W) for 90 days. The efficacy of nZVIs was evaluated by desorption kinetic and chemical fractionation experiments. According to the results, addition of nZVIEDTA, nZVIDTPA and nZVI significantly decreased Pb release by 70.1–86.4%, 56.5–70.6% and 24.3–49.2%, respectively. Among the three kinds of nZVIs, nZVIEDTA was the most effective treatment in decreasing desorption and mobility factor of Pb. In practice, all three kinds of nZVIs are effective in Pb immobilization, while application of nZVIEDTA at the rate of 2% was the best treatment to immobilize Pb in polluted soils.


The number of E-learning resources available to educators has dramatically increased even Within Islamic education. A lot of Repositories or digital Islamic libraries have been established to manage access to E-learning materials. This prompted many Islamic universities to adopt Elearning methods in their educational system nowadays. One of the most important and popular Islamic sources is Hadith. "Ulomul al-hadith" (sciences of hadith) "Takhri" (a method and authentic way of searching the source of Hadith), "Ilmu Al-Rijal" (study biography of narrators), "Derasa Al-Isnad" (identify the reliability of narrators) and "Hokum Al-Hadith" (determine the validity of Hadith) etc are subjects related to the hadith. The objective of this paper to highlights the Prospects and Challenges of teaching these subjects through E-Learning Methods and it's concluded that, it is indispensable to take advantage of the modern technological facilities in the study of Hadith.


This study investigates the misallocation of agricultural inputs that resulted from the pice and policy distortions of the apartheid era. Programming techniques, commonly knouw as data envelopment analysis (DEA), are used to measure the technical efficiency of input-use for High Veld farms from 1974 to 1983. In decrensing order of restrictiveness, the techniques are simple radial measures, radial measures adjusted for slacks and non-radial measures. The estimates consistently show that all the capital asset variables were used well beyond the point of maximum efficiency and could have been reduced by as much as a quarter or a third without reduring output. Labour overuse is also considerable, while there was the least waste for the variable inputs. Over the priod there was an increase in efficiency levels.


Case-based reasoning (CBR) often shows significant promise for improving effectiveness of complex and unstructured decision making. Consequently, it has been applied to various problem-solving areas including manufacturing, finance and marketing. However, the design of appropriate case indexing and retrieval mechanisms to improve the performance of CBR is still challenging issue. Most of previous studies to improve the effectiveness for CBR have focused on the similarity function or optimization of case features and their weights. However, according to some of prior researches, finding the optimal k parameter for k-nearest neighbor (k-NN) is also crucial to improve the performance of CBR system. Nonetheless, there have been few attempts which have tried to optimize the number of
neighbors, especially using artificial intelligence (AI) techniques. In this study, we introduce a genetic algorithm (GA) to optimize the number of neighbors to combine. This study applies the new model to the real-world case provided by an online shopping mall in Korea. Experimental results show that a GA-optimized k-NN approach outperforms other AI techniques for purchasing behavior forecasting.


The purpose of the study was to determine the potential of the ethanol extract of green chili (Capsicum annum) against the proliferation of myeloma cells. The study used ethanol extract of green chili (Capsicum annum) by maceration. The Myeloma cell concentration was 1.10 -5 ml -1 of medium DMEM and 10% FBS. The treatment of Myeloma cells were divided into 8 treatments with 5 repetitions. The treatment group was treated with the extract of green chili concentration of 1%, 2%, 4%, 8%, 16%, 32%, and 64% by administration of 0.1 ml each microplate, while the control group was treated without the extract of green chili but using aqua pro injection of a placebo substance. Once it is stored into a cooler with CO2 because myeloma cells require CO2 to live, and its growth was observed for 3 days. Observations were made in three days post treatment using miscroscope by observing myeloma living cells, lysis, and dead cells after the addition of extracts of green chili. Data were analyzed descriptively. The results showed that green chili extract concentration could inhibit proliferation of myeloma cells. In the treatment granting extract of green chili of 64% concentration caused 100% myeloma cells die.


The present disclosure relates to a composition and method for improving the appearance of skin. The composition comprises an adhesive polymer, at least one kind of filler, one kind of the thermoplastic elastomer, at least one kind of at least, and may also further comprise at least one kind of pigment. The method by applying the composition to the skin to form a film on the skin includes reducing the appearance of skin imperfections.


This paper studies the uniqueness of steady 1-D shock solutions in a finite flat nozzle via vanishing viscosity arguments. It is proved that, for both barotropic gases and non-isentropic gases, the steady viscous shock solutions converge under the <inline-formula><tex-math id="M1">\begin{document}$ \mathcal{L}^{1} $\end{document}</tex-math></inline-formula> norm. Hence only one shock solution of the inviscid Euler system could be the limit as the viscosity coefficient goes to <inline-formula><tex-math id="M2">\begin{document}$ 0 $\end{document}</tex-math></inline-formula>, which shows the uniqueness of the steady 1-D shock solution in a finite flat nozzle. Moreover, the position of the shock front for the limit shock solution is also obtained.


This essay explores the thorny issue of theory and practice, partly in response to the special issue of the Journal of Philosophy of Education (37.2, 2003) but more especially as a way of offering a critique of Joseph Dunne's book, Back to the Rough Ground (1993). It argues that Dunne's notion of phronetic techne risks the reduction of philosophy to the merely instrumental, and, in turn, that this approach threatens the significance of philosophical character.


Silica-based fiber tips are used in a variety of spectroscopic, micro- or nanoscopic optical sensor applications. The efficiency of such measurement systems is dependent on the tip geometry and the diameter of the tapered fiber end. In the present study we investigated the preparation of geometrically predefined, nanoscaled fiber tips by taking advantage of the dopant concentration profiles of highly doped step-index fibers. For this purpose, a gas phase etching process using hydrofluoric acid (HF) vapor was applied. The shaping of the fiber tips was based on very different etching rates as a result of the doping characteristics of specific optical fibers. Technological studies on the influence of the etching gas atmosphere on the temporal tip shaping and the final geometry were performed using undoped and doped silica fibers. The influence of the doping characteristics was investigated in phosphorus-, germanium-, fluorine- and boron-doped glass fibers. Narrow exposed as well as protected internal fiber tips in various shapes and tip radiuses down to less than 15 nm were achieved and characterized geometrically and topologically. For investigations of surface plasmon resonance effects the fiber tips were coated with nanometer-sized silver layers by means of vapour deposition and finally subjected to an annealing treatment.


This paper addresses a fundamental problem in ensemble clustering { namely, how should one compare the similarity of two clusterings? The vast majority of prior techniques for comparing clusterings are entirely partitional, i.e., they examine assignments of points in set theoretic terms after they have been partitioned. In doing so, these methods ignore the spatial layout of the data, disregarding the fact that this information is responsible for generating the clusterings to begin with. In this paper, we demonstrate the importance of incorporating spatial information into forming ensemble clusterings. We investigate the use of a recently proposed measure, called CDistance, which uses both spatial and partitional information to compare clusterings. We demonstrate that CDistance can be applied in a wellmotivated way to four areas fundamental to existing ensemble techniques: the correspondence problem, subsampling, stability analysis and diversity detection.


The dependence of oxygen non-stoichiometry on crystal orientation for (La0.5Sr0.5)2CoO4 was investigated by measuring the structure and Co valence state in thin films with (001) and (100) out of plane orientations using X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Because of the constraint along the caxis imposed by the substrate, the c-axis lattice parameter and unit cell volume of the (100) film showed only negligible change when the annealing environment changed from air to ultra-high vacuum (UHV) at elevated temperatures. On the other hand, for the (001) films, the c-parameter and unit cell volume were larger for films annealed in UHV. While the reduced state, Co , was detected in the (001) film at 700 C in UHV, Co valence state was dominant in the (100) film. These results indicated that the (001) oriented (La0.5Sr0.5)2CoO4 is more reducible compared with (100) oriented ones. The surface composition was found to also depend on orientation, with more A-site enrichment on (100) films.


The action of reservoir water is important to the deformation mechanism of the bank slope building.Based on the soil-foundation-the upper structure the interaction analysis method to analyze ground slope deformation effecting on the structural deformation,the research indicates rate of decline in water level have a significant effect to structural deformation of the reservoir bank,the water level fell faster,the greater the deformation of the structure.This research has certain reference significance to the safety evaluation of existing buildings,design of new building and reservoir resettlement planning.


Four rhodamine 6G-based chemosensors (H3L1–H3L4) are designed for selective detection of Al3+ ion. They are characterized using various spectroscopic techniques and X-ray crystallography. All absorption and emission spectral studies have been performed in 10 mM N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine-N′-ethanesulfonic acid (HEPES) buffer solution at pH 7.4 in H2O/MeOH (9:1, v/v) at 25 °C. In absorption spectra, chemosensors exhibit an intense band around 530 nm in the presence of Al3+ ion. Chemosensors (H3L1–H3L4) are nonfluorescent when excited around 490 nm. The presence of Al3+ ion enhances the emission intensity (555 nm) many times. The formation of complexes 1–4 is established with the aid of different spectroscopic techniques. The limit of detection value obtained in the nanomolar range confirms the high sensitivity of the probes toward Al3+ ion. It has been observed that the presence of aliphatic spacers in the diamine part and different halogen substituents in the salicylaldehyde part strongly influences the selectivity of the chemosensors toward Al3+ ion. The propensity of the chemosensors to identify intracellular Al3+ ions in triple-negative human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-468 by fluorescence imaging is also examined in this study.


An interagency state commission in Novosibirsk has given high marks to "Schoolgirl," a [software] program and methods system for use in the instructional process. Starting in 1985, the system will be delivered to schools across the country, bundled with Agat personal computers.


The current campus network security always adopts passive defense technologies,so this paper introduces honeypot technology into existing traditional campus network security system,and puts forward a new type of active campus network security model.Then we give the specific implementation of its main function modules.Analysis shows that the model can detect unknown attacks in campus network,collect detailed information of the attacker,and improve the defense performance of campus network actively.


A vehicle front suspension device comprises a subframe assembly, a lower swing arm connected with the subframe assembly, and a damper assembly connected with the lower swing arm. The vehicle front suspension device also comprises a kingpin caster angle adjusting mechanism which is connected with one end of the damper assembly, the other end of the damper assembly is hinged to the lower swing arm, and the kingpin caster angle adjusting mechanism can drive the damper assembly to swing relative to the lower swing arm according to the change of the vehicle speed. The vehicle front suspension device can automatically adjust the kingpin caster angle to achieve the aim of low-speed steering flexibility and high-speed driving stability of a vehicle and further achieve a good effect of good matching of the driving properties and the speed of the vehicle.


General radiation-pattern formulas for a torus reflector antenna have been developed using physical optics. These expressions are valid at arbitrary feed locations not only within the primary focal arc but also for beam scanning with squinted feed horn illuminations. Numerical results were obtained at 22 GHz for an experimental 1.25 m*2.5 m torus reflector in both elevational beam scanning and extended azimuthal scanning outside the primary +or-15 degrees field of view. An elevation scanning range of 7 degrees showed only a 1 dB gain reduction. The 20 degrees azimuth beam (i.e. 5 degrees extended azimuth scanning) showed a 1.4 dB gain reduction. Comparison between calculated and measured patterns showed agreement in beamwidth and most pattern features. The discrepancy between calculated and measured sidelobe levels in the azimuthal plane is attributed to imperfection enhancement by the horizontal oversize of the reflector. >


Netarsudil mesylate (previously AR-13324) is a novel Rho kinase and norepinephrine transporter inhibitor previously shown to lower intraocular pressure (IOP) in patients with ocular hypertension and open-angle glaucoma. Multiple effects on aqueous humor dynamics (AHD) have been reported in animals including increased outflow facility and reduced aqueous humor production in monkeys, and reduced episcleral venous pressure (EVP) in rabbits. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate AHD of netarsudil in humans.


diagnostic purposes, because lysosomal enzyme concentrations are notoriously variable in cell-free amniotic fluid (with the probable exceptions of type II mucopolysaccharidosis and l-cell disease). It is imperative that the presumed genetic defect being sought is biochemically confirmed before the investigation of a given pregnancy facing a high risk of recurrence is commenced. Problems arise when an exact chemical diagnosis has not been made in a previous, affected child who had died. Although the presumed defect and other likely defects will be investigated in fetal cells, the normal result of an assay can never completely abolish the doubt about missing an abnormal outcome. Such is the extent of heterogeneity in this class of disorders. Convincing evidence is presented to demonstrate the necessity, for comparative purposes, of concurrent assays on cells from the fetus under investigation and from affected homozygotes, and on those from normal persons and heterozygotic carriers. Moreover, the enzyme of concern should, if possible, be measured by different quantitative techniques. These requirements demand a diagnostic capability far beyond the scope of all but the most sophisticated resources, but the experience of Carey et at. confirms that, without such attention to detail, misclassification of fetuses will occur. The period of three to four weeks usually available to make a diagnosis was of great concern to the Adelaide group. Relief may be in sight, however, with the first-trimester


The property-directed reachability (PDR) algorithm has been one of the most successful hardware model checking algorithms powering modern formal property verification tools. Inductive generalization is the key to the efficiency of the PDR algorithm. In this paper, we present NeuroPDR, a message-passing graph neural network that learns to generalize inductive clauses to accelerate the PDR algorithm. Experiments show that on average, the integration of NeuroPDR reduces around 26.4% of the time of convergence, and the network trained on one set of benchmarks can also benefit solving another. The speed-up and transferability indicate a promising future for hybrid model checkers with machine learning methods integrated.


The notions of data abstraction, data encapsulation and object-oriented programming are becoming increasingly popular. Yet there seem to be conflicting ideas about what those terms mean and how their meanings differ. In this note, I attempt to draw a clear-cut and useful distinction among them and to show that they describe complementary aspects of the general idea of information-hiding. Very generally, an object is a data structure together with the set of procedures that operate on R; encapsulation localizes (and conceals) the details of an object; abstraction localizes (and conceals) the details of a pattern for generating and manipulating objects. An object is a program entity which consists of data and all of the procedures which may manipulate that data. The only access to an object's data is through its procedures; only they can create it, reference it, or modify it. Conceptually, each object in a program resides on its own abstract machine and distinct objects can communicate with each other only by passing messages. Objects encapsulate the data structures they control. In effect, the set of objects comprising a program partition the system's memory into disjoint blocks, with each block being accessible only to its controlling-object's procedures. Encapsulation is a useful program-structuring tool. When it is used, program development, and program modification are less error-prone and programs tend to be easier to read. Program P1 (outlined on next page) encapsulates and manipulates two queues. The data structures being controlled are declared 'local-persistent' since they must. be maintained for the lifetimes of their objects (and must thus persist between calls on their objects' procedures). Note that all of queue-manipulating code appears twice, once in the definition of each object. Two similar data structures are being manipulated and a single set of procedures is being defined twice. The repetition can be avoided if we extend the idea of user-defined types to allow user-defined capsule-types. When this extension is made, we speak of data abstraction instead of data encapsulation. The idea behind data abstraction is that of defining a pattern for objects just as user-defined types define patterns for data structures. Objects can then be declared to be of a particular pattern and can inherit all of the attributes defined by the pattern. Following Simula, we call such a pattern a class; other languages use the words package (Ada), form (Alphard), cluster (Clu) and module (Mesa, Modula). Program P2 abstracts the pattern …


This study used a conceptual model to examine the factors influencing physical, mental, and overall health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in women and men aged 45 and older with knee osteoarthritis (KOA) in Saudi Arabia. In this multicenter cross-sectional study, we randomly included 356 individuals aged 45 years or above with doctor-confirmed KOA from the orthopedic and physiotherapy departments of the 5 tertiary hospitals in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, between March 2016 and March 2017. We split all participants into men (n = 146) and women (n = 210) based on gender. A conceptual model was developed using the HRQoL influential potential factors, such as age, sex, education, occupation, and way of eating (sociodemographic), and clinical factors, such as osteoarthritis knee and its severity, duration, pain, and body mass index. The 36-item short form health survey and its subscales of the physical composite scale and mental composite scale were used to evaluate overall HRQoL, physical, and mental health, respectively. We used unadjusted multiple linear regression analyses to investigate the associations between gender-specific potential factors and HRQoL outcomes. Women and men aged between 60 and 64 years were more strongly associated significantly with less physical composite scale score by −3.17, (standard error [SE] = 1.71, P = .021) and −3.18 (SE = 1.69, P = .023) respectively, followed by the primary school or less education by −3.40 (SE = 1.27, P = .0002), severe KOA of −8.94 (SE = 0.99, P < .001), eating on the floor bending the knee of −3.93 (SE = 1.63, P = .042), and pain of −2.39 (SE = 0.26, P < .0001). Women and men with primary school or less education significantly had low mental composite scale and 36-item short form health survey scores of −3.07 (SE = 1.22, P = .041) and −3.23 (SE = 0.99, P = .018), respectively, followed by severe KOA of −4.07 (SE = 1.22, P = .001) and −6.50 (SE = 0.83, P < .0001) and eating on the floor, extending the knee at −3.35 (SE = 1.74, P = .043). Risk factors like age, education, pain, body mass index, and severe KOA are linked to poor physical, mental, and overall HRQoL among women and men in Saudi Arabia.


The invention relates to a method for prolonging the service life of an electroformed microfluidic nickel die. The method comprises the steps that according to a pattern designed through microfluidic, a negative mask plate is designed and prepared; a substrate is coated with negative photoresist in a spinning manner; the negative mask plate is used for conducting exposure and developing treatment on the photoresist on the substrate; a photoresist pattern obtained after developing treatment is subjected to surface metallization treatment; a photoresist die with the metalized surface is subjected to electroforming treatment, and an electroformed die is obtained; and the electroformed die is subjected to thinning and grinding treatment, and the needed electroformed microfluidic nickel die is obtained. According to the method, the thickness of a nickel plate in the electroformed microfluidic nickel die is reasonably designed and arranged, then a precise grinding device is utilized for grinding the back of the electroformed nickel die flat, so that through the method, the mechanical strength of the nickel die is improved, the service life of the microfluidic nickel die is greatly prolonged, the die preparing cost is saved, and the inter-chip uniformity of microfluidic chips is indirectly improved.


Spatial predictive information is essential for applications such as modelling, planning, risk assessment and decision making. Previous studies have examined the complex factors that affect the performance of various spatial interpolation methods including sampling density, data variation, spatial structure of data, spatial distribution of samples, data quality, secondary variables and interaction among these factors. Another potential source of error is the Spatial Reference System (SRS) according to which the spatial information is stored. All SRSs generate spatial distortions of reality in some form, and this may impact on the accuracy of spatial predictions. Preliminary investigations into this issue found negligible differences in the predictive errors using different SRSs. However, these studies have tested regions restricted to the latitude extents of the Australian continent. The latitudinal gradient needs to be investigated for its effect on SRSs and any resulting impact on interpolation performance. This study examines the effects of ten different SRSs on spatial predictions using three datasets in regions spanning a long latitudinal gradient from approximately 10°S to 70°S. The study areas are located off the northern coast of Australia, southern coast of Tasmania, and on a section of the Antarctic coast. The tested SRSs consist of two geographic coordinate systems (i.e., WGS84 and GDA94), six map projections selected for minimal spatial distortion for datasets located in Australia (i.e., Equal-Area Azimuthal, Equidistant Azimuthal, Stereographic Conformal Azimuthal, Albers Equal-Area Conic, Equidistant Conic and Lambert Conformal Conic), and two map projections selected for minimal spatial distortion for datasets located in Antarctica (i.e., Australian Antarctic Lambert and Australian Antarctic Polar Stereographic). Continuous spatial predictions of seabed sand sediment information were built in the SRSs using two interpolation methods: inverse distance weighting (IDW) and ordinary kriging (OK). Prediction accuracy was measured using leave-one-out cross validation, and assessed in a number of error measures including relative mean absolute error and paired Mann-Whitney tests. The results show insignificant differences in predictive errors between all tested SRSs over the studied latitudinal gradient. This is the case for comparisons between WGS84 and GDA94, geographic coordinate systems and map projections, and map projection classifications. Insignificant difference was also observed between the map projections selected for Australia compared to the map projections selected for Antarctica, even when the Australian map projections were tested on the Antarctic study area and vice versa. There was a high level of variation in map distortion occurring between SRSs, but this did not equate to variation in interpolation error. It is argued that this is due to the nature of projecting data; distortion is applied consistently to all data points and thus the spatial relationship between data points is preserved in terms of their relative distance within the study area, resulting in similar prediction errors. The negligible levels of variation between SRSs in terms of predictive error suggest that WGS84 is sufficient for spatial predictive modelling. This removes the need for extensive projection selection and the associated transformation tasks, improving modelling efficiency.


The electrical energy consumed by university laboratories accounts for a large proportion of total electrical energy. How to effectively monitor the use of laboratory electrical energy has become extremely important. Taking the lighting circuit as an example, a targeted mobile-based lighting monitoring system was developed. The lighting monitoring system uses Visual Basic as the development language, MySQL as the background database, and OPC technology as the data transmission communication protocol and B/S architecture mode, which realizes the energy consumption of voltage, current and power in the laboratory lighting circuit on the mobile side. The results show that the designed laboratory lighting power monitoring system has real-time and simplicity, and the system runs smoothly during the testing process, showing that the system functions are more reasonable and perfect.


In the year 2020, in the context of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, Mexico's government implemented health policies of "social distancing". In this essay, we make a theoretical reflection on this policies' effects on signs' production. The paper begins with our definition of communicational habitus and the semiotic relationship with social distancing to analyze systems' evolutionary control from a systemic-semiotic approach.


Abstract Tick surveillance of migratory birds was conducted during 2009 on Hong Island (Hong-do), Jeonnam Province, Republic of Korea. A total of 16/102 (15.8%) species of birds captured by mist net for banding were infested with ticks. A total of 143 ticks belonging to two genera and seven species—Ixodes turdus (96 ticks), Haemaphysalis flava (17), Haemaphysalis longicornis (12), Ixodes nipponensis (10), Haemaphysalis aborensis (3), Haemaphysalis hystricis (3), and Haemaphysalis doenitzi (2)—were collected from 16 bird species representing eight genera. New country and host records are provided for three uncommonly collected tick species: H. hystricis (3 nymphs; Turdus hortulorum and Zoothera dauma), H. aborensis (3 nymphs; Turdus pallidus), and H. doenitzi (1 male, 1 nymph; T. pallidus and Turdus naumanni). Most ticks (124/143; 86.7%) were collected from birds on their northward spring (March—May) migration from Southeast Asia to their breeding grounds in northeastern Asia.


The looming shortage of U.S. physicians is a complex, multifaceted problem—and one that faces urology as much, if not more than, other specialties.


Two centrifuge model tests at 40g level were examined in order to evaluate the use of particle size reduction as an alternative method to construct centrifuge model tests of a pile foundation undergoing lateral spreading of liquefied soil. The main difference between both tests was the method used to match the prototype permeability coefficient: (1) viscous pore fluid instead of water and (2) reduction of the particle size while using water as pore fluid. The two soils were placed at the same relative density, which resulted in two very different soil compressibilities and different model responses. Other centrifuge tests reported elsewhere (Gonzalez M., 2007), indicate that when compressibility rather than relative density is matched, particle size reduction produces the correct soil and pile response that agrees. Therefore, both permeability and compressibility need to be matched when using the particle size reduction technique.


The development of an information security management model (ISMS) for public sector
entities based on the NTE INEN-ISO / IEC 27000 standards allows them to provide a
management tool for the security of adaptable information to its strategic objectives and
security requirements, which allows guaranteeing its confidentiality, integrity and availability,
through an adequate management of the risks to which the information assets may be exposed.
The e-learning platform of the Ministry of Finance of Ecuador, like all web applications, is
exposed to threats and intrusions. The present research is based on simple, clear and objective
metrics, on system vulnerabilities and weaknesses in the management of information security,
in order to ensure the selection of security controls, adequate and proportionate for risky
strategic processes in the public sector, so that they do not serve as a gateway for larger
computer attacks and that protect the information assets of the Institution.
KEYWORDS: ISMS, strategic process, pentesting, security, ISO / IEC 27001


Black holes are favourite objects for so many different groups of people to discuss. Many physicists discuss them quite seriously, while their possible existence must bring great joy to writers of science fiction. However, what is the theoretical background for their existence and what precisely is meant by the term 'black hole'?


The invention establishes a new direction flow different from default flow and existed direction flow for prepaid terminal. The disclosed method includes following steps: the prepaid client end applies to the prepaid server for initial quota in the said new direction flow for the prepaid terminal; the prepaid server allots initial quota in the said new direction flow for the prepaid terminal, and the initial quota can only be utilized at the said new direction flow; after obtaining the initial quota in the said new direction flow allotted by the prepaid server, the prepaid client end allows data transmission in the said new direction flow, and controls quota consumed by the prepaid terminal. Comparing with prior art, the invention implements diversified charging policies, and differentiates prepay for each direction flow. Moreover, based on QoS etc charging parameters, the method can establish charging policies for different rates.


Background Penetrating trauma is rarely encountered in Nordic trauma centers, yet the incidence is increasing. Typical imaging findings in penetrating trauma should thus be familiar to all radiologists. Purpose To evaluate incidence and imaging findings of penetrating chest trauma, gunshot wound (GSW) and stab wound (SW) injury spectrum, imaging protocols, and outcome in a large trauma center. Material and Methods Trauma registry data from 2013–2016 was retrieved, and imaging accessed through hospital PACS. Retrieved variables included age, gender, injury severity scores, mechanism of injury, time to CT, and 30-day mortality. Depth of thoracic, pulmonary, abdominal and skeletal injury, active bleeding, and use of chest tubes were evaluated. Results Of 636 patients with penetrating injuries, 443 (69.7%) underwent imaging. Of these, 161 (36.3%) had penetrating thoracic injuries. Of 161 patients with penetrating chest trauma in imaging, 151 (93.8%) were men (mean age = 34.9 years) and 10 (6.2%) were women (mean age = 40.7 years). The majority of patients had SWs (138 SW vs. 15 GSW). Patients with GSWs were more severely injured (mean ISS 17.00 vs. 8.84 [P=0.0014] and ISS≥16 in 53.3% vs. 16.7%) than SW patients. In CT, intrathoracic injuries were found in 49.4% (77/156) and active bleeding in 26.3% (41/156). Emergency surgery was performed in 6.2% (10/161) with postoperative CT imaging. Thirty-day mortality rate was 1.2% (2/161). Conclusion Penetrating thoracic trauma often violates intrathoracic structures and nearby compartments. Arterial phase whole-body CT is recommended as multiple injuries and active bleeding are common. CT after emergency surgery is warranted, especially to assess injuries outside the surgical field.


The ability of prenatally malnourished rats to establish and maintain long‐term potentiation (LTP) of the perforant path/dentate granule cell synapse was examined in freely moving rats at 15, 30, and 90 days of age. Measures of the population EPSP slope and population spike amplitude (PSA) were calculated from dentate field potential recordings obtained prior to and at various times following tetanization of the perforant pathway. Significant enhancement of both population EPSP slope and PSA measures was obtained from all animals of both malnourished and well‐nourished diet groups at 15 days of age. However, the magnitude of enhancement obtained from 15‐day‐old prenatally malnourished animals was significantly less than that of age‐matched, well‐nourished controls. At 30 days of age, PSA measures obtained from approximately 50% of prenatally malnourished 30‐day‐old rats showed no significant effect of tetanization, while measures obtained from the remaining 50% of these animals did not differ significantly from controls. EPSP slope measures for this age group followed much the same pattern, i.e., malnourished animals showing no significant enhancement of PSA measures exhibited only slight increases in EPSP slope beginning 1 h after tetanization and returned to baseline by 18 h post‐tetanization. EPSP slope measures obtained from PSA‐enhanced malnourished animals did not differ significantly from controls. At 90 days of age, PSA measures obtained from 50% of malnourished animals declined from pretetanization levels immediately following tetanization. Three hours after tetanization, however, this measure had increased to a level which did not differ significantly from that of the control group. PSA measures obtained from the remaining 50% of 90‐day‐old malnourished animals showed initial and sustained enhancement which did not differ significantly from those obtained from well‐nourished age‐matched controls. These results indicate that gestational protein malnutrition significantly affects the magnitude of tetanization‐induced enhancement of dentate granule cell response in preweanling rats (15‐day‐old animals) and significantly alters the time‐course and magnitude of potentiation in approximately half of prenatally malnourished animals tested at 30 and 90 days of age. Given the primarily postnatal development of the dentate granule cells, these results may reflect malnutrition‐induced delays in the neurogenesis and functional development of granule cells previously reported by our group. Most striking is the fact that significant impairments in LTP establishment were obtained from prenatally malnourished animals at 90 days of age, implying that dietary rehabilitation commencing at birth is an intervention strategy incapable of ameliorating the effects of the gestational insult. © 1996 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


In this paper, a new variable size block segmentation for image compression is proposed. The decision whether the given image block is homogeneous or not is based on the model selection criterion. More specifically, calculating the log-likelihoods for all pre-determined region segmentations with the given image data, we apply a modified AIC criterion to select a best match. If the selected pattern turns out to be a texture or an edge, we further divide the given image block to yield a variable size block segmentation. Since the proposed algorithm takes into account the contextual information as well as the block variance for the classification, it can differentiate a texture from an edge. Moreover, due to the pre-determined block segmentations, we can further differentiate vertical, horizontal, or diagonal edges.


Abstract It is well known that industrial robots use the classical PID for positioning tasks. To the authors' knowledge, so far, there is not a proof of global regulation for such a controller. In the search of a practical PID regulator that be global, this paper proposes a new saturated nonlinear PID regulator for solving the problem of global regulation of robot manipulators with bounded torques. An approach based on Lyapunov theory is used for analyzing the global asymptotic stability. In this sense this proposal gives a step ahead in the search of a global asymptotic stability analysis for the practical PID.


A cascade fiber laser operating at 3.9 micrometers and at 1.2 micrometers in the attenuation minimum of the 3-5 micrometers atmospheric window has been realized with a HO3+- doped fluoride fiber. Two different pump wavelength ranges around 640 nm and 890 nm were used to characterize the laser cascade. A maximum CW laser output of more than 11 mW at 3.9 micrometers and 70 mW at 1.2 micrometers was obtained.


The EPR spectrum of Mn2+ in Na,ZnCl4·3 H2O was investigated in the range 100 K ≦T≦300 K. The spectrum can be described by a Spin Hamiltonian with axial symmetry. The g factor is anisotropic, g∥ = 2.0007 ±0.0005; g⊥ = 2.0030 ± 0.0005. The axial crystal field splitting constants are D = (-901.0 ±2.0) -10-4 cm-1, B = (-5.7 ± 2.0) · 10-4 cm-1. The hyperfine splitting constants A = (-74.9 ±0.2)-10-4 cm-1 and A⊥ = (-74.2 ± 0.2) · 10-4 cm-1 have been determined. This corresponds to a Mn2+ ion bond to four Cl- ions within a tetrahedron. Since a large crystal field splitting constant D is observed, a strong axial crystal field at the site of the Mn2+ ion is assumed. From the temperature dependence of the crystal field splitting constant D a dominant phonon frequency of (117 ± 10) · 1011 sec-1 is deduced.


Abstract This paper describes an experimental aaratus for determining liquid-liquid or vapour-liquid phase transitions at high pressure (1 ≤ P ≤ 500 bar). This apparatus was used in the case of ternary mixtures of methane-hexadecanecarbon dioxide, for different concentrations of the components. Pressure-temperature characteristics of the bubble points are given.