Introduction For in vivo parallel transmit MRI experiments, conformity of the RF waveforms with existing SAR limits [1] has to be verified to assure patient safety. The parallel transmit system presented in this paper is capable of carrying out patient-adapted SAR calculations in real-time before scanning. This safety concept comprises two scan modes. In the first mode, a worst-case SAR model is used, representing various patient anatomies and body positions in the MR scanner. In this mode, survey scans can be performed to collect patient-specific information. In the second mode, a selected body model of anatomy and body pose comparable to the patient is used for SAR calculation. This allows for a more accurate SAR estimation and hence provides more design freedom in SAR-limited MR sequences. Methods The safety concept was implemented on an eight-channel transmit 3T MRI system [2] (based on Achieva, Philips Healthcare, Netherlands). First, survey scans can be acquired using the worst-case SAR mode. In this study, chemical-shift encoded scans were acquired for estimation of the body's water-fat-ratio. For the selection of a patient-adapted SAR model, further relevant patient-specific information was obtained from the scanner's host system (cf. Fig.1), including the patients sex, body height and weight as well as the body orientation and the anatomical region of the scan. Based on these parameters, a suitable patient-specific SAR model was selected from a database of pre-simulated body models [3]. This selection was made from the subset of models that had identical "hard parameters" (i.e. sex and body position) and using the similarity measure dp,m = Σai| pi,m pi,p |/pi,m for comparing the "soft parameters" (i.e. weight, height, and water-fat-ratio), where the pi are the i-th parameter of the model and the patient and the ai are some weighting factors. The database was generated for different body models by the following processing steps according to [3]: Whole-body 3D MR scans were acquired from multiple volunteers (age 29-43years, weight 65-86kg) with an isotropic resolution of 5mm. Three-echo DIXON sampling was applied for subsequent water/fat segmentation. Written informed consent was obtained from all volunteers scanned for this body model library. The data was segmented into 3 tissue types, namely water, fat, and lung tissue. In the next step, the E-fields were determined by FDTD simulation ("XFDTD MicroCluster", Remcom Inc., USA) for all dielectric body models including the "Visible Human Male" [4] for comparison. The body models were placed in a model of an ideally decoupled 3T eight-channel body coil [5] at 18 different patient positions in the coil. The E-fields were then pre-calculated for all bio-mesh models and for each coil element of the TX array. The E-fields were then averaged according to [6] and finally stored in the database, the so-called Q-matrix data base (QM in Fig.1). For the SAR calculation, the fields were superimposed weighted with the RF pulse. The visible human model comprises roughly 750k cells and the patient-specific models comprise 310k-540k cells. For increased efficiency, a so called clustering process as proposed by [7] was used. This reduces the models to about 80-5,000 cells when allowing for an SAR overestimation of 10%. This procedure was carried out for each of the 18 bed positions. In a second step the clustering was applied on all z-positions as well as over all models to generate the worst-case model. Depending on the amount of SAR calculations to be carried out, the processing is carried out in SW on a CPU or on a high performance graphics card (GeForce GTX280, EVGA® Corporation, USA) with 240 processors resulting in a sub-millisecond processing time. The graphics card was integrated into the system. The Q-matrices are cached on the graphics card to minimize the computational latency. The model selection and SAR calculation mechanisms are fully integrated into the scanner GUI and can be applied for all protocols available on the scanner including multi-channel spatially selective RF pulses. Results and Discussion For selection of an appropriate body model, the water-fat-ratios from a survey scan were used in addition to the parameters obtained from the scanner's host system. The water-fat-ratios, calculated from the whole body and from a single slice only, are shown in Tab. 1 exemplarily for some of the volunteers. The correlation coefficient between the values was 0.89. This indicates that a characterization of the patient's body fat content from a 2D water-fat-separated survey image might be a good estimation for future automation of the calculation of the water-fat-ratio. A good agreement exists between the single slice and whole body waterfat-ratios for the volunteer models. Fig. 2 shows the maximum local SAR for an RF shimming application as a function of the admissible normalized root mean square error (NRMSE) of the effective TX field. In this example, the limiting SAR values occurred in the extremities, while the local torso SAR may be the limiting factor in other cases. The local extremities SAR values obtained from the Visible Human model exceed these values by a factor of approximately two. This may be explained by the unfavorable body position of the Visible Human model with its hands placed on the body such that a current loop is formed as well as the close proximity to the TX elements. Fig. 3 shows the dependence of the maximum local SAR values on the position of the model relative to the body coil. The extremity SAR shows strong deviations depending on the position. This margin may be exploited in the scan design when using patient-adapted models instead of the worst-case approach. As most scans at 3T are SAR-limited, a correct SAR calculation or a close approximation is important and preferably the actual patient position should be taken into account. Conclusion Successful integration of a worst-case as well as patient-adapted SAR calculation in sub-milliseconds was demonstrated for a parallel transmit platform. Selection of patient adapted models based on a similarity measure was introduced. However, the relevant parameters and weighting factors need further investigation. The patient-adapted model allows for an increase of the RF duty cycle due to a better SAR prediction accuracy opposed to using a single generic body model. Patient-specific selection of an appropriately SAR model may be of particular interest for situations like imaging of pregnant women or fetal imaging as well as in advanced research. In clinical practice, this may be advantageous: a) for standard systems to enhance the scan time or contrast (e.g. by reduced TR or large flip-angles) and b) for parallel transmit systems to realize advanced SAR management (e.g. targeted hotspot suppression or higher quality RF pulses with higher SAR). For future applications, a survey scan using the worst-case SAR model might even be used to generate individualized anatomical patient models [8].


In this paper, we discuss that Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are in consonance with Islamic ethos and philosophy. Maqasid al-Shariah emphasize on human well-being from spiritual, physiological, intellectual and economic perspectives. Islamic worldview and values framework strengthens moral consciousness, urge pro-social behaviour and engender environmental ethics which can help in influencing our attitudes towards meeting sustainable development challenges. Islamic social finance institutions like Zakat and Waqf can contribute towards scaling up efforts in commercially non-viable, but socially vital projects and programs. There is much potential for Islamic finance to promote sustainable economic development through such approaches as widening access to finance, financing infrastructure projects, and expanding the reach of Takaful. Real sector based productive enterprise in Islamic finance has positive implications for the ecosystem. Risk-sharing shifts the emphasis from credit-worthiness of the borrower to be placed on the value creation and economic viability of investments that create new wealth. Islamic social finance package can cater to the financially excluded households .


ABSTRACT This paper provides an introduction to components of the volunteer management system used during oiled wildlife responses within the State of California. A case study is presented of the volunteer management system utilized during the M/V Cosco Busan Oil Spill in San Francisco Bay, November 2007. Wildlife collection and care were administered through a partnership between the State of California Department of Fish and Game (CDFG), Office of Spill Prevention and Response (OSPR) and the Oiled Wildlife Care Network (OWCN) based at the Wildlife Health Center, University of California, Davis. The OSPR and OWCN volunteer coordinators managed approximately 1850 volunteers who contributed to the oiled wildlife response. Volunteer notification and response, emergency volunteer center activation, specific challenges of managing both trained and convergent volunteers, and wildlife operations are discussed. Program changes for improved future volunteer management and communication during oiled wildlife respo...


This study aimed to isolate bacteria flora in fresh semen of helmeted guinea cock (Numidia meleagris) and Nigeria local turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo) and determine the sensitivity of the semen microbes to antibiotics with further assessment of sperm quality characteristics in the freshly collected semen. Five matured guinea cocks weighing approximately 3 – 4kg and five matured turkey toms of 10 – 14kg body weights were selected for the study as sperm donors. Semen collection was done twice a week for five weeks using a modified abdominal massage method and ejaculates were pooled independently based on the animal group. The pooled ejaculates in each species were further divided into aliquot A for spermiogram analysis and aliquot B for microbes and antimicrobial sensitivity analysis using standard methods. Results showed that freshly collected semen from both donor birds were contaminated; although, presented good qualities when evaluated for sperm characteristics such as progressive motility (%), livability (%), morphologic abnormalities (%) and concentration (cell×109/ml). Isolated contaminants included Escherichia coli, Shigella spp, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus spp in fresh semen of the helmeted guinea cocks, similar in turkeys except for Shigella spp. The organisms were all sensitive to streptomycin, gentamycin and pefloxacin except the Staph aureus which showed resistance to pefloxacin and Bacillus spp which was resistant to gentamycin. It was then concluded, that whereas freshly collected semen of guinea cock and turkey toms were contaminated during collection, they still possessed good quality traits when evaluated for semen characteristics and antibiotics like streptomycin, pefloxacin or gentamycin are recommended for use during in-vitro processing and extension of semen from both poultry species.


In 1954, Jeremy Morris published one of many landmark studies, based on the health records of 25,000 London Transport workers (Morris & Raffle, 1954). In this report, the incidence of coronary heart disease was lower in double-decker bus conductors, who walked up and down the stairs of the bus collecting fares all day, compared to drivers, who sat in the driving seat all day. Conductors were also less likely than drivers to subsequently die, as measured over follow-up periods of 0 to 3 days, 4 days to 3 months, and 4 months to 3 years after the initial episode. In the years since Morris's now-famous "London Bus Study," this evidence has been cited several thousand times and is usually described as exercise epidemiology or physical activity epidemiology. More recently, scientists have come to recognize the study as also comprising sedentary epidemiology. In other words, Morris and Raffle's evidence reflects not only the health benefits associated with regular physical activity, but also the health risks associated with prolonged sitting.


This study aimed to determine the best concentration of sago liquid sugar to obtain the best quality of cookies. This study used a completely randomized design (RAL) with five treatments and three replications, namely: P0 (100% granulated cane sugar and 0% liquid sago starch sugar), P1 (75% granulated cane sugar and 25% liquid sago starch sugar), P2 (50% granulated cane sugar and 50% liquid sago starch sugar), P3 (25% granulated cane sugar and 75% liquid sago starch sugar), and P4 (0% granulated cane sugar and 100% liquid sago starch sugar). Data were statistically analyzed using ANOVA and DNMRT at a 5% level. The results showed that the ratio of granulated cane sugar and liquid sago starch sugar significantly affected chemical analysis and sensory tests. The result showed that the best treatment was P1 which had a water content of 6.38%, ash content of 0.86%, protein content of 0.96%, and reducing sugar content of 18.44% with the sensory description of the cookies were yellow, no sago sugar aromatic, sweet, and crunchy.


In this section a detailed description of the methodology developed for modeling agrichemical transport is presented. Two agrichemicals are selected: a nutrient, nitrate plus nitrite as nitrogen, and a herbicide, atrazine. These chemicals are introduced in Section 4.1. Section 4.2 describes two geographic analysis regions: one region used for developing a statistical model, and another smaller region used for GIS model development and its verification. The regression equations that relate chemical concentrations to the chemical application on the field, selected watershed descriptors, climatic variables, and the month of a year, are developed utilizing the USGS data collected in more than 150 watersheds scattered over the Mississippi-Missouri Basin above Thebes, Illinois, and the Ohio Basin above Grand Chain, Illinois. A GIS application of these equations is developed and verified for the Iowa-Cedar River watershed located in Iowa and Minnesota. A detailed mathematical description of the statistical model is presented in Section 4.3. It provides an overview of the transport equations, introduces the explanatory variables which explain the spatial and seasonal (monthly) variations of the nitrate and atrazine concentrations in surface waters, and explains the concept of spatio-temporal " cascade " modeling within GIS. The watershed parameters of the statistical model are estimated from the 500 m DEM. The GIS model of agrichemical transport in the Iowa-Cedar River basin is presented in Sections 4.4-4.6. Section 4.4 describes the methodology of discretizing the watershed, i.e., subdividing the basin into small (about 30 km 2) hydrologic units and determining the flow connectivity between these units utilizing the 3 arc-sec DEM.


We aimed to investigate whether the risk of diabetes mellitus (DM) is heightened in patients with prostate cancer receiving injection therapy.


Niklas Granholm is senior analyst at the Swedish Defence Research Agency, Division for Defence Analysis in Stockholm. He is currently a Visiting Fellow at RUSI. His main fields of interest include international peacesupport/crisis management operations, Nordic and Baltic Security issues, European Security, future threat developments and military history. He has served at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Stockholm. He is also a corresponding fellow of the Royal Swedish Society of Naval Sciences. Introduction Whatever view one holds of the merits of the European Security and Defence Policy (ESDP) and the development of the EU-Battlegroup concept as a part of it, it cannot be discarded out of hand. The concept has developed with unusual speed and the somewhat unorthodox solutions to the multilateral arrangements for some of them are distinctly new. Some new capabilities have in fact been added. Whether they wil l be successful when deployed and employed remains to be seen. I After outlining the devetopment of the EU-Battlegroup concept, this article looks briefly at the multinational Nordic Batt[egroup (NBG). Lastly, some suggestions are made on how the concept could be developed and how its drawbacks cou[d be mitigated. Could the concept be stretched and, perhaps, play a role in improving transatlantic relations?


The aims of this study is analysis the acceptance of assistive machine feet technology for psychological well-being among families with disabled members. The research method used is a single-subject design, which involves collecting data from individual participants over time. The study examines how the use of assistive machine feet technology affects the psychological well-being of family members with disabilities and their overall acceptance of the technology. The results of the study could provide valuable insights into the potential benefits of assistive machine feet technology for individuals with disabilities and their families.


Motivation: Hi-C is a widely used technique to study the 3D organization of the genome. Due to its high sequencing cost, most of the generated datasets are of coarse quality, consequently limiting the quality of the downstream analyses. Recently, multiple deep learning-based methods have been proposed to improve the quality of these data sets by increasing their resolution through upscaling. However, the existing works do not thoroughly evaluate these methods using Hi-C reproducibility metrics across different Hi-C experiments to establish their generalizability to real-world scenarios. This study extensively compares deep learning-based Hi-C upscaling methods on real-world, Hi-C datasets with lower read counts. We evaluate these models using Hi-C reproducibility metrics and downstream evaluation on data from three cell lines – GM12878 (lymphoblastoid), K562 (human erythroleukemic), and IMR90 (lung fibroblast) – obtained from different Hi-C experiments. Results: We show that the existing deep-learning-based Hi-C upscaling techniques are inadequate for effectively upscaling Hi-C data with low read counts. We observe that retraining these models with real-world datasets substantially improves the performance of these methods, both Hi-C similarity metrics, and downstream tasks. However, we find that Hi-C upscaling methods struggle to capture the underlying biological signals on sparse datasets even when retrained with real-world datasets. Therefore, our study highlights the need for rigorous evaluation and identifies specific improvement areas concerning current deep learning-based Hi-C upscaling methods. We facilitate our thorough analysis by developing a computational pipeline that provides a unified platform for pre-processing, upscaling, and evaluating the generated Hi-C data quality for for users interested in benchmarking or using these methods.


This extended abstract describes a submission to the MIREX (Music Information Retrieval Evaluation eXchange) in the QBSH (Query by Singing/Humming). The methods for both tasks 1 and 2 are briefly introduced. More detailed analysis of the results achieved in the evaluation will be given in the revised version..


Pelagic zooplankton and fish release faecal material which rapidly sinks through the water column and contributes various amounts and types of organic and other chemical constituents to bottom sediments. The major importance of this process in linking biological events in the water column with inputs to sediments has been well demonstrated in a number of sea areas through the use of field experiments with pumps or traps (Bishop et al. 1977; Gagosian, Volkman & Nigrelli, 1983; Honjo, 1978; Knauer, Martin & Bruland, 1979; Prahl, Bennett & Carpenter, 1980; Wakeham et al. 1980; Wakeham, Farrington & Volkman, 1983). In general, field studies have shown that the deposition of organic matter of pelagic origin occurs with considerable alterations both quantitative and qualitative (Gagosian, Nigrelli & Volkman, 1983; Prahl et al. 1980; Wakeham, 1982). Such studies, however, have not clearly defined how individual biological processes competing in the water column influence the overall composition of organic matter in vertically transported paniculate material.


The large number of hurricanes in the Gulf Coast region of the United States after the year 2000 has been a great stimulus for research in health effects and health care delivery after a major hurricane. Much of this study has been devoted to children, with over 200 publica‐ tions on the subject, nearly three quarters of which were published after Hurricane Katrina in New Orleans, LA (2005). Importantly, this recent research has focused not only on meet‐ ing medical health care needs of children, but also on meeting mental health needs which might be unique to the aftermath of a major disaster. This chapter will provide a compre‐ hensive review of this literature, providing a resource for health care providers who are co‐ ordinating and providing care after a major hurricane.


Abstract This paper investigates the ordering properties of largest claim amounts in heterogeneous insurance portfolios in the sense of some transform orders, including the convex transform order and the star order. It is shown that the largest claim amount from a set of independent and heterogeneous exponential claims is more skewed than that from a set of independent and homogeneous exponential claims in the sense of the convex transform order. As a result, a lower bound for the coefficient of variation of the largest claim amount is established without any restrictions on the parameters of the distributions of claim severities. Furthermore, sufficient conditions are presented to compare the skewness of the largest claim amounts from two sets of independent multiple-outlier scaled claims according to the star order. Some comparison results are also developed for the multiple-outlier proportional hazard rates claims. Numerical examples are presented to illustrate these theoretical results.


In this paper, we investigate the effect of the Dicke quantum phase transition on the Berry phase of the two impurity qubits. The two impurity qubits only have dispersive interactions with the optical field of the Dicke quantum system. Therefore, the two impurity qubits do not affect the ground state energy of the Dicke Hamiltonian. We find that the Berry phase of the two impurity qubits has a sudden change at the Dicke quantum phase transition point. Therefore, the Berry phase of the two impurity qubits can be used as a phase transition signal for the Dicke quantum phase transition. In addition, the two impurity qubits change differently near the phase transition point at different times. We explain the reason for the different variations by studying the variation of the Berry phase of the two impurity qubits with the phase transition parameters and time. Finally, we investigated the variation of the Berry phases of the two impurity qubits with their initial conditions, and we found that their Berry phases also have abrupt changes with the initial conditions. Since the Dicke quantum phase transition is already experimentally executable, the research in this paper helps to provide a means for manipulating the Berry phase of the two impurity qubits.


We propose a novel nonlinear dynamic tracking control algorithm for induction motors with uncertain load torque in which only stator currents are used for feedback: under suitable assumptions, closed loop boundedness and local exponential rotor speed and flux modulus tracking are guaranteed


A method of connecting an electrically conductive contact element (1) with at least one of a fuel cell (4) associated, electrically conductive fuel cell component (2), comprising the steps of: - providing a in a solvent (5) soluble contact element (1) and an electrically conductive fuel cell component (2), - applying a solvent (5) onto the contact element (1) and / or the fuel cell component (2), - arranging the contact member (1) on the fuel cell component (2), - evaporation of the solvent (5), forming a connection between the contact element (1) and the fuel cell component (2).


Biopsy materials obtained in the American Cancer Society National Prostate Cancer Detection Project were reviewed at the Central Pathology Laboratory at the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology. Of 265 cases submitted, 177 were diagnosed as prostatic carcinoma, 7 as prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN), 13 as atypical glands or atypical hyperplasia, and the remaining 68 were benign hyperplasias. Irrespective of the means of detection or the grading system used (Gleason or WHO‐Mostofi), a large majority of the cancers were detected as low‐grade tumors. Of 27 cases of PIN reported, 20 were associated with cancer, leaving 7 cases with the sole diagnosis of PIN. These data may indicate the increased use of prostate‐specific antigen (PSA), digital rectal examination (DRE), and transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) in the United States is shifting the spectrum of prostate cancer pathology toward early low‐grade tumors. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


SUMMARY We investigated the micromagnetic properties of hemo-ilmenite particles in an alluvial soil. All magnetic accessory minerals except the weathering resistant hemo-ilmenite grains were removed from the soil matrix by chemical treatment with concentrated acid followed by magnetic separation. X-ray diffraction revealed hemo-ilmenite grains with single crystal properties and an ilmenite mole fraction of y = 0.86. Magnetization versus applied magnetic field plots in a temperature range between 6 and 300 K were recorded in order to study the hysteresis and the exchange properties. In addition, field and frequency-dependent AC susceptibility measurements were performed with and without a DC bias field in order to analyse the dynamic magnetization of the sample down to 3 K. The hemo-ilmenite particles are considered as a mixed system with nano-sized cationordered areas (COA) and cation-disordered areas (CDA), which differ in their local Fe (III) concentration. Ferrimagnetic single-domain order in the Fe (III) -enriched CDA started at about 220 K. Upon cooling gradual transdomain transformation generates multidomain order. A maximum in the blocking distribution was reached at 44 K, followed by the onset of spin-glass dynamics. At lower temperature, blocking of superparamagnetic clusters in the COA created antiferromagnetic (AFM) ordering, which became more prominent with decreasing temperature. The interaction between the spin-glass like CDA and the AFM areas was documented by the onset of exchange bias at T < 20 K. The occurrence of exchange bias as well as spin-glass dynamics in the hemo-ilmenite grains is probably an effect of the inhomogeneity of the local Fe (III) concentration. This effect leaves a magnetically competitive regime with areas showing ilmenite-like magnetic properties, and Fe (III) rich disordered areas with magnetic long-range ordering up to 220 K and frustration near the ordering temperature of ilmenite.


Slow speed air flow in an air conditioned cabin is investigated in the light of non-isotropic turbulent flow subjected to gravitational effect. The terms of Reynolds stress and turbulent heat flux appeared in the time averaged transport equations should be treated taking into account of non-isotropic turbulence in this case.Using approximate equations presented by Launder et al, the Reynolds stress and heat flux terms considering buoyant effect are assumed to be able to be algebraically superposed that effect on eddy kinematic viscosity and eddy diffusivity of isotropic turbulent flow.Flow velocity and air temperature in an air conditioned chamber of container type are measured experimentally to investigate the distributions of isothermal zone and heat convecting zone. Further, three dimensional analyses of heat convection by finite element method are carried out for the models of air conditioned chamber used for measurements and the results of theory and experiment are compared.The relations between Archimedes number and buoyant effect to turbulent flow in air conditioned chamber are clarified which are useful for the air conditioning design.


Objective To investigate the anti-osteoporosis effect of Gukangning Granular.MethodsThe rat osteoporosis model was induced by vitamin A acid,and the rats blood hyperviscosity model and analgetic model in mice were induced by dextran.Results Compared with model group,Gukangning Granular increased evidently bone weight,bone mineral density,bone strength,TBV,blood calcium,bone calcium,and bone phosphorus of rats with osteoporosis,and decreased urine calcium and blood viscosity of rats with osteoporosis on blood hyperviscosity.It also increased obviously the pain threshold of mice,and decrease the frequency of mice writhing.Conclusion Gukangning Granular had remarkably anti-osteoporosis effect on rats.


Abstract Modified oligodeoxyribounucleotides with asminomethylphonate bonds between nucleoside residues were prepared and investigated for their hybridization properties toward DNA and RNA.


The purpose of this article is to present the mental images of the Finnish lakeland held by potential Italian and German tourists. Image analysis was used in order to find the attributes tourists connect to pictures of lake landscape and to their own mental images of the places shown. The attributes found were classified under categories through which the touristic potential of the lake could be approached. The mental images evoked by the pictures emerging in the present study are individual and cultural at the same time. Although the individual nature of the mental images became prominent in the analysis, there were identifiable similarities in them. From the marketing point of view, each picture proved to have a special function in a given country. The respondents approached the pictures both as outside observers and as participating actors. The transformation of a neutral lake landscape into a meaningful experience depended on the mental images evoked by both the aesthetic content of the picture and its internal elements. The neutral lake landscape was turned into a meaningful place through the experiences and sensations the respondents attached to the pictures.


The possible interactions between grid-tied powerelectronicbased PV systems and energy efficient LEDlighting systems in terms of current and voltage, fordifferent combinations of the inverter and L ...


An increasing number of married women have entered the work force during the last several decades (Blau & Ferber, 1986). One consequence of this change in employment patterns is that many married women and men combine substantial work and family obligations. Role overload and conflict resulting from increased roles and incongruent role expectations have been identified as common concerns among dual-income couples (Guelzow, Bird, & Koball, 1991). Role overload exists when the number of roles a person occupies cannot be handled adequately or comfortably because of finite amounts of time and energy (Burr, Leigh, Day, & Constantine, 1979; Seiber, 1974). Pleck, Staines, and Lang (1980) reported that one-third of their sample of dual-income respondents experienced moderate to severe role overload from combining work and family roles. Bolger, DeLongis, Kessler, and Wethington (1989) found that role overload was the most frequently experienced daily stress. Role overload can occur within one domain of life (e.g., too many demands at home) or it can involve several domains. When overload is evident in multiple domains, spillover effects often occur (Small & Riley, 1990). For example, overload at work can lead to spillover effects at home, or home demands can spill over into paid work. Thus, spillover is one aspect of role overload and a particularly salient aspect for dual-income spouses because of their heavy involvement in both paid work and family domains. Role conflict refers to the conflict that arises between the expectations of two different roles that a person adopts (Burr et al., 1979; Voydanoff, 1987). For example, the dual-income marriage may create conflicting expectations for women. At work, a professional woman often is expected to be aggressive, competitive, and committed to her work. At home, she often is expected to be nurturing to her children and compassionate and caring to her husband. These differing expectations may require a complex display of potentially incompatible personality characteristics at work and home. Although there are other aspects of well-being, the dual-income literature on role overload and conflict typically has measured well-being as physical symptomatology and emotional affect (Coverman, 1989; Tiedje et al., 1990). Guelzow et al. (1991) found that role overload and conflict place dual-income spouses at greater risk for both physical and emotional problems. Consequently, it is important to study coping mechanisms in dual-income families that may diffuse or prevent potential deleterious effects of role overload and conflict on spouses' physical symptoms and emotional affect. COPING MECHANISMS Direct Effects Individuals continually develop perceptual and/or behavioral coping strategies to prevent, reduce, divert, avoid, or control emotional stress (Folkman, 1984; Goode, 1960; McCubbin, 1979; Moos, 1984; Pearlin & Schooler, 1978). Unfortunately, only a little is known about the use and effectiveness of coping strategies among dual-income families (Bird, Bird, & Scruggs, 1983). Researchers have found that active coping mechanisms that involve others (e.g., social support and external role redefinition), as well as cognitive restructuring, appear to be the most useful coping mechanisms for dual-income couples (Amatea & Fong-Beyette, 1987; Elman & Gilbert, 1984). Guelzow et al. (1991) found that the use of cognitive restructuring was related to lower psychological stress for men and women, and limiting demands was linked to higher stress levels for men. Dual-income wives seem to use problem-focused coping (e.g., role redefinition) more frequently than emotion-focused coping (e.g., cognitive reappraisal, tension reduction) in role overload situations (Amatea & Fong-Beyette, 1987). Guinta and Compas (1993) found that husbands and wives who coped by withdrawing had high levels of psychological symptomatology. Moderating Effects Cohen and Wills (1985) proposed that, theoretically, coping mechanisms (e. …


The monitoring of environmental policies in Europe has taken place since the 1980s and still remains a challenge for decision- and policy-making. For forests, it is concretized through the publication of a State Of Europe's Forests every five years, the last report just been released. However, the process lacks a clear analytical framework and appears limited to orient and truly assess sustainable management of European forests. We classified the 34 quantitative sustainable forest management indicators in the Driver-Pressure-State-Impact-Response (DPSIR) framework to analyse gaps in the process. In addition, we classified biodiversity-related indicators in the simpler Pressure-State-Response (PSR) framework. We showed that most of the sustainable forest management indicators assess the state of European forests, but almost half could be classified in another DPSIR category. For biodiversity, most indicators describe pressures, while direct taxonomic state indicators are very few. Our expert-based classification show that sustainable forest management indicators are unbalanced regarding the DPSIR framework. However, completing this framework with other indicators would help to have a better view and more relevant tools for decision-making. The results for biodiversity were comparable, but we showed that some indicators from other criteria than the one dedicated to biodiversity could also help understanding threats and actions concerning it. Such classification helps in the decision process, but is not sufficient to fully support policy initiative. In particular, the next step would be to better understand the links between DPSIR and PSR categories.


Content distribution applications allows personal computers to search and download the digital content from the Internet. This can be done with help of P2P (Peer-to-Peer) mechanism. In P2P network, efficient mechanism is needed to locate the content. One mechanism is to form P2P Group based on the similarity interest among the peer. In this paper, a fuzzy based conceptual analysis of P2P group management systems for content distribution application is presented and analyzed. A P2P group formation is done on the basis of content sharing, storage and transmission capacity. In the proposed work a fuzzy based P2P group is formed based on the peers interested in downloading the similar content. The peers with similar content are found and receiver peer requests for content retrieval. The fuzzy inference rules are written to check the parameters that are taken and evaluated. When the peer satisfies the rules, the fuzzy group is formed. A group member/server should be selected to serve the each peer request. The fuzzy group formed provides an efficient file sharing between the peers. The proposed system is compared with the flat networks in which we get 10% improvement in throughput and reduces the distribution time and average download time.


This paper presents the method of creating Expert system for decision support on the Android platform. The system knowledge base for the given area of expertise is generated by inductive learning methods based on examples from the WEKA data research system. The system was realized using the Expert System shell for the e2gDroid lite mobile device, based on the application area and a set of training examples, specifically based on the Covertype Data Set qualification problem.


The theory of particle acceleration at shock fronts is briefly reviewed, with special emphasis on the production of the particles responsible for the nonthermal emission from blazars. The flat radio/IR spectra of these sources cannot be produced by diffusive acceleration at a simple nonrelativistic shock front propagating in a homogeneous medium. It can, however, be produced by a single unmodified mildly relativistic shock, if the pressure in the shocked gas is provided by the leptonic component, or, independently of the equation of state, by a relativistic shock which is oblique to the magnetic field. The analytic theory of these shocks makes several simplifications, but Monte-Carlo simulations exist which extend the range of validity. Of particular interest is acceleration in a tangled magnetic field. Here, however, the Monte-Carlo simulations have not yet yielded unambiguous results. The "homogeneous" models of blazar emission are discussed, and is it shown that they imply a geometry of the emitting region which is laminar in form, with an aspect ratio of d/R< 3% in the case of Mkn~421. Identifying these with relativistic shock fronts, a model of acceleration is described, which displays characteristic variations in the synchrotron spectral index with intensity.


China has made remarkable progress in a short time in improving the legal system, having essentially begun from scratch in 1978. China performs better than the average country in its lower-middle income class on rule of law, and also does reasonably well on most other core indicators of good governance. Although China's rapid progress in improving the legal system and good governance appears to be slowing, the perception that China's legal system as a whole deteriorated between 1998 and 2004 is incorrect. It is much too early to conclude that China is trapped in transition. China is currently following the "East Asian Model," adapted slightly in light of the realities of the twenty-first century. There are still many shortcomings in the legal system, as there are in all legal systems, especially those in large developing countries such as China. Deeper reforms are required, as readily acknowledged in China. Yet such reforms are complicated and controversial.Accurate assessment of China's legal system and its potential for future development are hampered by (i) use of idealized standards from developed countries as a benchmark for reforms in developing countries; (ii) problems with existing data; (iii) the size and diversity of China; (iv) subjective bias; and (v) the tendency to conflate rule of law with democracy and the protection of civil and political rights.


Naxi families with censers in their courtyards burn joss sticks to pray for blessing on the first and fifteenth day every month as well as in festivals. Naxi's joss-burning custom is similar to Tibetan's Weisang ritual, except that the choice of joss sticks is less meticulous and the ritual classics are different. Traditionally, when the Naxi families need to build a censer, they should invite Domba, the priest of Naxi ethnic minority, to divine, build, remove dirty, burn the first joss, and recite the classics. This paper would analyze Naxi's joss sticks burning custom on the base of the censer-building in Dongba village of Sanba Township.


Natural sludge, peat or bog iron layers without any cultural relics between two cultural layers, found in archaeological excavations in the Yangtze Delta area, show that there are many unidentified cultural interruption phenomena in many Neolithic cultural sites. They mainly appeared in 3 periods: (1) late Songze Culture—early Liangzhu Culture (5?300~4?700?yr BP), (2) late Liangzhu Culture early Maqiao Culture (4?200~4?000?yr BP), and (3) late Maqiao Culture—early Shang Zhou Dynasties (3?300~3?000?yr BP). Moreover, there are many Holocene buried paleo trees and peat deposition discovered during Quaternary geological investigation and civil engineering construction in this region. They were mainly concentrated in 4 periods: (1) early stage of Atlantic Phase ( 7?000 ~6?000?yr BP), (2) late stage of Atlantic Phase (5?500~5?000?yr BP), (3) middle stage of Sub Boreal Phase (4?400~4?100?yr BP), and (4) late stage of Sub Boreal Phase (3?600~3?100?yr BP). All these phenomena could possibly be the reflection of middle low frequency fluctuations of climate and sea level. They could have derived mainly from large scale land floods caused by powerful activity of summer monsoon under high temperature and high sea level, having nothing to do with marine transgression.


People with or at risk for mpox are likely to be stigmatized because of analogies to other sexually transmitted infections. Stigma is driven by beliefs about the perceived severity of the condition and perceived responsibility for acquiring the condition, both in broader society and individual responsibility. We explored these beliefs and compared them across mpox, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), syphilis, gonorrhoea, and chlamydia in an online survey, conducted in July 2022, with 394 men‐who‐have‐sex‐with‐men in the Netherlands. We compared mean scores between infections using repeated measures analysis of variance and conducted hierarchical regression analyses to identify determinants of both mpox perceived responsibility endpoints. Results showed that participants expected that mpox would be seen as a "gay disease" and will be used to blame gay men. Compared to other infections, mpox was considered less severe than HIV, but more severe than syphilis, gonorrhoea, and chlamydia. Perceived responsibility was comparable across infections, but, for each infection, participants perceived attributed responsibility to be higher in society than individual responsibility. Both perceived responsibility endpoints were highly correlated with each other and with other stigma beliefs. These results provide insight on the underlying determinants of mpox stigma and demonstrate that anticipated mpox stigma is present in the Netherlands.


Mutations in the human progranulin (GRN) gene are a leading cause of frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD). While previous studies implicate aberrant microglial activation as a disease-driving factor in neurodegeneration in the thalamocortical circuit in Grn–/– mice, the exact mechanism for neurodegeneration in FTLD-GRN remains unclear. By performing comparative single-cell transcriptomics in the thalamus and frontal cortex of Grn–/– mice and patients with FTLD-GRN, we have uncovered a highly conserved astroglial pathology characterized by upregulation of gap junction protein GJA1, water channel AQP4, and lipid-binding protein APOE, and downregulation of glutamate transporter SLC1A2 that promoted profound synaptic degeneration across the two species. This astroglial toxicity could be recapitulated in mouse astrocyte-neuron cocultures and by transplanting induced pluripotent stem cell–derived astrocytes to cortical organoids, where progranulin-deficient astrocytes promoted synaptic degeneration, neuronal stress, and TDP-43 proteinopathy. Together, these results reveal a previously unappreciated astroglial pathology as a potential key mechanism in neurodegeneration in FTLD-GRN.


The utility model, which relates to the technical field of the plug, discloses a plug with a telescopic earth polar latch. The plug comprises a plug pedestal and two-pole latches. The plug pedestal includes a substrate, a bottom portion, and a latch mounting seat connected with the substrate. The two-pole latches are installed in the latch mounting seat; an earth polar latch guiding sleeve is arranged in the middle portion between the two-pole latches in the plug mounting seat; and an earth polar latch is arranged inside the earth polar latch guiding sleeve. An avoiding hole enabling the earth polar latch to stretch out or draw back is formed in the position, correspond to the earth polar latch guiding sleeve, of the top of the latch mounting seat. Besides, a support seat is arranged at the bottom of the latch mounting seat; and a compressed spring is arranged between the bottom of the earth polar latch and the support seat. A latch limiting mechanism for limiting two limiting positions of stretching and retraction of the earth polar latch is arranged inside the plug pedestal. Therefore, mutual conversion between two poles and three poles can be realized; the operation is convenient; the limiting is stable; and the universality is high.


The velocity contrast caused by the reservoir property variation in long period of waterflood recovery in the old fields of eastern China is obviously greater than that caused by oil displacement water,so seismic data can be used to predict the remaining oil distribution.Time lapse seismic is applied to obtain the 3D seismic amplitude difference before and after water flood recovery.Because of the seismic response difference of fluids,it is more effective than conventional hydrocarbon detection technology to identify the remaining oil distribution.The model and application show that practicability of time lapse seismic for predicting remaining oil distribution.Finally an approach is proposed that using time lapse seismicis to carry out pre-stack


A device for measuring the velocity of a fluid flowing along a duct comprising a generally cylindrical member positioned in the duct for bodily oscillatory movement at right angles to the fluid flow in response to streams of periodic eddies generated by fluid flow therepast, and transducer means for providing a signal in response to such oscillatory movement. The member is situated and arranged so that the bodily motion thereof gives rise to a coherent two-dimensional eddy pattern in the flowing fluid. The member may be positioned in the duct by one or more flexures, by a plurality of springs, or by a magnetic levitation.


In real cases this paper copes with saving energy in power distributing system,in transformers,in lines of distribution system,in machinery and power-generating equipments and so on.


: Before traveling, questionnaires were answered by 802 subjects,and after traveling by 4057 (69% women, 22% older than 75 years old, 15.8% living alone).The presence and maintaining of good health were most appreciated at this age and 59% classi-fied their health as good or excellent. Twenty five percent referred sensory problems (seeing orhearing), 12% reported urinary incontinence and 21% presented falls in the last three months;depression screening (GDS-5) was positive in 16%. Chronic disease prevalence was similar tothe general Chilean elderly population. After traveling they reported significant improvements inthe items sociability, wellbeing, mood, appetite, insomnia and ostheoarthritic pain.


Temporomandibula r joint (TMJ) arthrograms of 20 joints with superior disc position (SDP), 20 joints with anterior disc displacement with reduction (ADDWR), and 20 joints with anterior disc displacement without reduction (ADDWOR) were compared. The distance from the insertion of the posterior disc attachment of the upper joint compartment to the top of the mandibular fossa in joints with ADDWR was significantly longer than in joints with SDP and ADDWOR (p = 0.003). The distance from the top of the mandibular fossa to the t@ of the articular eminence in joints with ADDWR was significantly shorter than in joints with ADDWOR (p= 0.006). The entire distance of the upper joint colmpartment in joints with ADDWR was significantly longer than in joints with SDP and ADDWOR (p = 0.02).


Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the fractal dimension and radiographic image brightness of periapical radiograph were useful in predicting osteoporosis. Materials and Methods : Ninety-two postmenopausal women were classified as normal, osteopenia and osteoporosis group according to the bone mineral density of lumbar vertebrae and periapical radiographs of both mandibular molar areas were taken. The ROIs of 358 areas were selected at periapical and interdental areas and fractal dimension and radiographic image brightness were measured. Results : The fractal dimension in normal group was significantly higher than that in osteoporosis group at periapical ROI (P


God's Two Books: Copernican Cosmology and Biblical Interpretation in Early Modern Science. By Kenneth J. Howell. (Notre Dame, Indiana: University of Notre Dame Press. 2002. Pp. viii, 319. $39-95.) Both Copernicans and anti-Copernicans employed similar approaches in interpreting the Bible. According to this wonderfully nuanced study of exegetical strategy, the view that scriptural interpretation was a tool primarily utilized by those opposed to Copernican cosmology is far from the truth. Neither was the scriptural debate solely a matter of literal vs. figurative hermeneutics where those opposed to terrestrial motion argued for a sensus litteralis in biblical interpretation while those supporting the earth's motion argued for interpretations based upon an accommodated speech (i.e., a biblical language suited to human capacities). Howell is adept at describing the rich diversity of biblical interpretation bearing upon cosmological themes that existed long before the Copernican debate, and is especially insightful when illustrating different meanings given to the notion of sensus litteralis. On the one hand, literal meaning could be an explicit statement of physical or cosmological reality. However, the sensus litteralis of scriptural language was also commonly understood contextually, conveying the historical, cultural, and physical situation which provided the original setting for biblical terms. In this regard, Augustine was able to argue against those who, basing themselves in scriptural authority (Isa. 40:22), denied the spherical nature of the celestial region by insisting that a literal interpretation of the heaven's sphericity was not contradicted by biblical language once one understood the constrained physical position of the observer on earth. In other words, there was only one correct interpretation, but the literal meaning of Scripture was itself dependent upon context. Where some, like the German astronomer Christoph Rothmann, viewed biblical language in strict accommodationist terms, others, like Tycho Brahe, Kepler, and Galileo, maintained perspectives similar to that of Augustine. For Tycho, the Bible meant what it said when it referred to the heavens as hard, like steel (Job 37:18). But this language, Tycho argued, referred not to the material constituents of the heavens but to its constancy and perpetual nature. The Bible was to be understood literally and its words were to be taken seriously. However, given the flexibility of a language situated within particular cultural circumstances, proper understanding of that literal meaning depended upon an awareness of relative conditions. Where parts of Scripture remained unclear, Augustine recommended comparing one part of the Bible to another. Kepler also embraced this view, especially since he understood the Bible to be a collection of books written within various ancient historical venues. …


We have proposed a low-parameter description of the thermal conductivity temperature-pressure dependence of natural and artificial composite materials describing the initial pressure region for the majority composites with great accuracy. It was found that the increase in pressure as usual leads to a decrease in the temperature dependence of the thermal conductivity. Moreover, if for some compounds the decrease for the power factor with pressure is linear (or quasi-linear) in the whole range of 0-400 MPa, then for others, a rapid change to 100 MPa takes place, after which the value of the power factor varies little.


ABSTRACT Yeast cells select the position of their new bud at the beginning of each cell cycle. The recruitment of septins to this prospective bud site is one of the critical events in a complex assembly pathway that culminates in the outgrowth of a new daughter cell. During recruitment, septin rods follow the high concentration of Cdc42GTP that is generated by the focused localization of the Cdc42 guanine-nucleotide-exchange factor Cdc24. We show that, shortly before budding, Cdc24 not only activates Cdc42 but also transiently interacts with Cdc11, the septin subunit that caps both ends of the septin rods. Mutations in Cdc24 that reduce affinity to Cdc11 impair septin recruitment and decrease the stability of the polarity patch. The interaction between septins and Cdc24 thus reinforces bud assembly at sites where septin structures are formed. Once the septins polymerize to form the septin ring, Cdc24 is found at the cortex of the bud and directs further outgrowth from this position. Summary: The Cdc42 guanine-nucleotide-exchange factor Cdc24 interacts with septins during bud site assembly. This interaction assists in recruiting septins and stabilizing Cdc24 at the incipient bud site.


LDPE (Low density polyethylene) has a simple chemical structure. It could be recycled and regenerated easily, most of its combustion products are carbon dioxide and water. This study, LDPE was blended with EPR (ethylene-propylene rubber) and irradiated by electron beam under heat to make foam materials. The mixing of amorphous rubber into LDPE resulted LDPE, a semi-crystal material, to have better resiliency. Seven LDPE/EPR blends with different EPR contents ranging from 0 to 100 weight percent were foamed. The microcellular morphology of the foam was investigated using a scanning electron microscope. The effects of decomposition promoter on chemical blowing agent were measured via thermo-gravimetric analysis. The density, tensile strength, elongation at break, compressive strength and compression set of foam were according to the ASTM D-3575 procedures. The LDPE/EPR blend with a weight ratio of 70/30 and a gel fraction ranging from 30% to 50% was found to be an optimum condition for making foam materials.


Since the initial description of allergic fungal sinusitis by Millar et al. in 1981, reported cases have been increasing. However, one case of allergic fungal sinusitis has been reported in Korea. The diagnosis can be established by demonstrating type I hypersensitivity reaction, nasal polyposis, characteristic CT scan, eosinophilic mucus without evidence of fungal invasion into sinus tissue, and a positive fungal stain or culture of sinus contents. The authors present a case which met the diagnostic criteria of allergic fungal sinusitis. This patient had nasal polyp and showed elevated level of total IgE, peripheral eosinophilia, positive MAST and strongly positive immediate skin reactivity to fungal antigens. On histologic examination, typical allergic mucin containing sheets of eosinophils, Charcot-Leyden crystals was found. Fungal hyphae were also found in the mucin content. (Korean J Otolaryngol 2000;43:438-41


Determination of Grandson as Adopted Child and its Implications for Inheritance. An application for adoption by an Indonesian Muslim citizen of a Indonesian Muslim child was submitted to the religious court. In the determination the court found a situation where an adopted child was the biological grandchild of the applicant. The method used in this study was normative legal research. The data was analyzed with qualitative methods and explained descriptively. Research results conclude that the grandchild who was the adopted child became an heir through the washiyyah wâjibah to receive at most one third of the inheritance. If the adopted child (grandchild) serves as a substitute heir, then he is not entitled to the last will and testament unless the other heirs agree. DOI:  10.15408/ajis.v14i1.1244


Soil erosion is one of the most important problems in the world. History, tradition, area condition, and differencies of the intensity of soil erosion measures cause differencies in quantity of erosion in one place and the other. Also the variation of the kind of the occasion problems, will result diferencies in the kind of prevention activities too. Soil erosion in Java Island caused by specific reasons i.e. traditional agriculture cultivation pattern without taking into account any soil conservation measures and proper landuse, and influenced by the bad condition of the population pattern because of the intense increasing population density, and about 70 percent of the inhabitants have their living solely from agriculture cultivation. From the knowledge of the quantity of erosion in Java based on the results of the available observations, and the problems causing it, can be expected to find a correct step and operational strategy of prevention. The prevention of erosion in Java is not only an introduction effort and to create awareness and technical knowledge among the farmers, but this should be combined with other activities i.e. transmigration, birth control, increase of income, creation of new employment opportunity, etc.


In this paper, the results of studies on the damping characteristics evaluation and the dynamic behavior of the vibration damping system in which the nonlinear viscoelastic damper is installed in a frame with a stud type were shown. It became clear, that the damper can be modeled with high precision by using the three elements model, the effective damper deformation ratio depends on the nonlinear characteristics of the damper, and the loss displacement of the damper depends on the rotational deformation. In addition, damping effect of the damper in a building model and efficient installation method were shown.


Abstract An efficient method of synthesizing fluorine-containing analogues of 1-lysoglycerophospholipids (1-LPLs) by introducing a palmitoyl moiety starting from bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)phosphonoacetate (Still–Gennari reagent) is described. The method effectively employs Horner–Wadsworth–Emmons reagents as masked 1-LPL derivatives to prepare a series of analogues of 1-lysophosphatidic acid (1-LPA), 1-lysophosphatidylethanolamine (1-LPE), and 1-lysophosphatidylcholine (1-LPC).


⎯ This work analyses the compensation of harmonic currents through an Active Hybrid Power Filter. The Hybrid Filter consists of an active power filter connected in parallel with the inductor of a shunt passive tuned filter, result-ing a lower voltage and current stress over the active filter. The paper investigates the behavior of the hybrid filter in the compensation of the harmonic currents, from the control strategy used in the active filter and discusses the dimensioning of the power converter. Simulation and experimental results verify the system operation.


The effect of continuous monospecie cropping on the microbial activity of arable semiarid soils was studied. Soil cultivation reduced organic carbon and humic substance contents. The total carbohydrate content was little influenced by the type of monospecie whereas the water-soluble carbohydrate and soluble carbon content were affected. The soils with unirrigated crops showed the lowest values of microbial biomass carbon and basal respiration. The high qCO2 values suggest a certain instability of the arable soils. In general, monospecie cropping in semiarid areas had a negative effect on enzymatic activities particularly in soils where unirrigated crops were grown. The soils dedicated to monospecie cropping showed lower values of microbiological and biochemical properties than native soils.


To strengthen the advantages of mobile phone entry strategy entrance of telecom services, the GSM Association has further innovated RCS standards.On the basis of analyzing the challenge of traditional services of telecom enterprise, we explain the connotation of RCS(RCS), and analyze and explore the product system and business development strategy of RCS.


SASHELP tables are data views in the SASHELP Library. They automatically collect and store information about the current SAS session and provide a wealth of information about your SAS session that can be accessed to improve and automate your code. The main SASHELP views I will explore are VCOLUMN, VTABLE, and VSLIB. Using these, I will present some simple techniques to make programming easier and more reusable across studies and explore some techniques to help in the programming of CDISC datasets. I will also explore a way to use SASHELP to present a summary of the datasets created e.g. size, number of observations, number of variables and date created.


Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) is the most deadly disease in the United States and the one whose risks are most modifiable by lifestyle measures. The rationale for CHD risk reduction is clear, well studied and outlined in this article. From aggressive assessment with a history and physical, basic laboratory studies, nutritional assessment and a physical activity assessment, CHD risks can be adequately quantified. The challenge now is in defining how to fully implement the effective strategies; both pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic (lifestyle) that have been proven to reduce the risks.


The present study showed that marine phytoplankton employ several strategies to compensate Fe stress whether it is due to low total Fe or low Fe availability. The present study reveals that marine phytoplankton produce different proteins under low total Fe and ligand-induced Fe-limited conditions. Protein expression under different Fe conditions also varied within phytoplankton species ( Prymnesium parvum , Skeletonema marinoi-dohrnii complex and Pleurochrysis roscoffensis ). This study also reveals that several proteins are differentially expressed in marine phytoplankton P. parvum in response to different exposure levels of nitrate, phosphate and iron. The expression levels of an 83 kDa protein in P. parvum can be used as biomarker of N-status, while a 121 kDa protein can be used as a biomarker of P-deplete condition in aquatic systems. In addition, two protein can be used as biomarker of Fe-status (deplete or replete conditions) in aquatic systems. Under Fe-limited condition, marine phytoplankton P. parvum alters some of its cellular biochemical processes by up-regulating proteins that are assumed to be involved in Fe uptake, photorespiration, and reduction of oxidative stress in the cells. Prymnesium parvum may increase Fe uptake efficiency by increasing Fe acquisition sites (mediated by ABC transporters) when they are grown under Fe-limited condition. Under Fe-limited condition, P. parvum may also increase photorespiration which needs high metabolic energy. The phytoplankton may satisfy the demand of high metabolic energy by increasing ATP synthase in chloroplast. Oxidative stress in phytoplankton


Erigeron canadensis ( Conyza canadensis ) is an annual or biennial herb, widely distributed all over the Korea. It is also known to be horseweed or Canadian horseweed, or butterweed in North America and Central America (1) . Although this plant has been used as a folk medicine to treat allergic diarrhea, stomatitis, otitis media, conjunctivitis, and acute toothache, and its several biological activities such as anti-inflammatory, anticoagulant and anti-platelet activities have been reported, the effect of this plant on gastric ulcer has not been investigated (2) . In our study, the 70% ethanolic extract (EEC) of the aerial parts of E. canadensis was found to protect the gastric ulcer induced by HCl/ ethanol in mice. The administration of HCl/ethanol produced lesions on the gastric mucosa which were significantly and dose-dependently reduced from 74.4%, ulceration percentage to 14.4%, in the animals pretreated with this extract, p.o . at the doses of 1 (54.6 (cid:1) 10.2mm 2 ), 10 (21.6 (cid:1) 6.4mm 2 ) and 100 mg/kg (10.6 (cid:1) 4.5mm 2 ) (Fig. 1).


Air process solution in temperature and humidity independent control system(THICS)is introduced,and technical requirements of dry fan-coil units is presented.Based on a lot of common fan-coil units experiments under different working conditions,the adaptability of the units used in THICS is discussed.The conclusion will be technical suggestion for dry fan-coil units design and energy saving research in THICS.


Recently, it has been shown that light-weight, passive, ankle exoskeletons with spring-based energy store-and-release mechanisms can reduce the muscular effort of human walking. The stiffness of the spring in such a device must be properly tuned in order to minimize the muscular effort. However, this muscular effort changes for different locomotion conditions (e.g., walking speed), causing the optimal spring stiffness to vary as well. Existing passive exoskeletons have a fixed stiffness during operation, preventing it from responding to changes in walking conditions. Thus, there is a need of a device and auto-tuning algorithm that minimizes the muscular effort across different walking conditions, while preserving the advantages of passive exoskeletons. In this letter, we developed a quasi-passive ankle exoskeleton with a variable stiffness mechanism capable of self-tuning. As the relationship between the muscular effort and the optimal spring stiffness across different walking speeds is not known a priori, a model-free, discrete-time extremum seeking control (ESC) algorithm was implemented for real-time optimization of spring stiffness. Experiments with an able-bodied subject demonstrate that as the walking speed of the user changes, ESC automatically tunes the torsional stiffness about the ankle joint. The average RMS EMG readings of tibialis anterior and soleus muscles at slow walking speed decreased by 26.48% and 7.42%, respectively.


rpHERE is very little information in X water treatment literature on the effect on animals of high chlorine residuals in drinking water. Muegge (1) has reported on the physiological effects of heavy chlorination, and some information may be derived from the use, during World War I, of Dakin's solution which contained 0.4-0.6% sodium hypochlorite (equivalent to approximately 4,000-6,000 ppm free available chlorine) for irrigating wounds (2). Goodman and Gilman (3) report that chlorine gas in air is detectable in a concentration of 1 part in 100,000, that 1 part of chlorine in 10,000 parts of air produces marked irritation of the respiratory tract, and that a concentration of 1 part per 1,000 is fatal if breathed for 5 min. Hudson (4) and Metzler (5) report that dosages of 50-90 ppm in drinking water have been used by man for short periods of time without any known adverse effects. There are several other instances in which drinking water containing 50 ppm or more was used for short periods without known adverse effects on imbibers.


According to the authors, Japan's labor market, until the early 1920s, actually resembled the Western model with a high degree of labor mobility and wage rates determined by occupation and the grade of skill within an occupation. They maintain that the uniquely Japanese practices of lifetime employment, the reward system based on seniority, and enterprise unionism have been initiated relatively recently to cope with the forces peculiar to Japanese economic development.


OBJECTIVE: This study described a population of foodservice workers, focusing on their sociodemographic, labor and health characteristics. METHODS: This sectional study included 426 (98%) workers of popular foodservices of the state of Rio de Janeiro who answered a questionnaire administered by trained interviewers. Associations were investigated with the Pearson's chi-square test or the Fisher's exact test for small samples. RESULTS: Most of the workers were males (62.7%). The mean age of the workers was 35.1 years (SD=10.3). Very few workers (11.3%) had had less than 4 years of formal education and 42.2% had had from 5 to 8 years of formal education. The following environmental stressors were mentioned with decreasing order of importance: temperature (90.1%), noise (51.2%), physical effort (36.2%) and luminosity (10.5%). The medical diagnoses included work-related musculoskeletal disorders (15.0%), hypertension (14.3%), gastritis (12.7%) and diabetes mellitus type II (2.1%). The most common work accidents in the 12 months prior to the interview were cuts (20.2%) and bruises (16.0%). CONCLUSION: The data showed that although different jobs are affected by the work environment, wages and qualification, these factors had a greater impact on the general service assistants.


12. Ronald Perry, Comprehensive Emergency Management (Greenwich, Conn.: JAI Press, 1984). 13. James Glass, "Citizen Participation in Planning," Journal of the American Planning Association 45 (April 1979), pp. 180-189. 14. Perry, 1981, p. 79. 15. This concept has been further developed in Thomas Drabek, "Social Problems in Disaster: Family Evacuation," Social Problems 16 (1969), pp. 336-349; Charles Fritz, "Disaster," in Robert K. Merton and Robert A. Nisbet, eds., Contemporary Social Problems: An Introduction to the Sociology of Deviant Behavior and Social Organizations (New York: Harcourt, Brace & World, 1961), pp. 651-694; and Joanne M. Nigg, "Putting the 'Public' Back into Concerns About Public Policy," Earthquake Engineering Research Institute Newsletter 14, No. 4 (1980), pp. 25-35.


The paper presents affordable technologies dedicated to design, CAD modelling and manufacturing of the small-medium HAWT rotors. Three numerical tools are developed: blade/rotor design, blade modelling for industry CATIA(CATScript) and blade modelling for small scale developers. Numerical analysis of the rotors is accomplished for both performance and noise level estimation using XFLOW (LES) and an in-house code (URANS). Results are presented for a 5KW rotor at the design point only, since computations are expensive. Developement examples are included as two rotors are designed, manufactured and tested for 1.5 and 5KW. A third one, rated for 20KW is under developement. Basic testing results are also included.


A total of 138 samples corresponding to 24 different types of imported processed food items, distributed between January and November 2019, were collected in order to test their radioactive contamination levels. The radioactivity of I, Cs, and Cs was measured via gamma spectrometry using an HPGe detector. Radiation levels of I and Cs higher than the minimum detectable activity value were not detected in any of the samples. However, in 20 samples, radiation levels of Cs, ranging between 0.86 and 79.28 Bq/kg, were detected. The food items tested included cashew nuts, hazelnuts, noni juice, Neungi mushroom, pine pollen, and aronia powder; the food items had been imported from India, Vietnam, Turkey, the United States of America, Russia, China, and Poland. Among these food items, the radiation level corresponding to Cs in Neungi mushroom, imported from Russia, was the highest, with a concentration of 79.28 Bq/kg. In this study, the radiation concentrations of all the collected food items were below the maximum permitted level of 100 Bq/kg. In the future, it may be necessary to monitor various food items based on consumption trends in order to alleviate consumer anxiety regarding radioactivity in food.


The resistant and susceptible varieties of Huipizhi Heidou and Liaodou 15 were tested against to soybean cyst nematode(Heterodera glycines,SCN).The plants were inoculated eggs of SCN after trefoil stage indoor and the samples of roots were obtained after the inoculation of SCN 5,10,15,20,25,30 d.The samples activities of plant resistance-correlated enzymes were mensurated including PPO(polyphenol oxidase),POD(peroxidase)and PAL(phenylalanine),and content of total phenolics and isoflavone were also determined,in order to reveal the biochemical mechanism of Huipizhi Heidou resistant to race 3 of SCN.The results showed that the activities of PPO,POD,PAL could be increased both in Huipizhi Heidou and Liaodou 15,and the fastigium of defense enzyme activities presented earlier in Huipizhi Heidou than Liaodou 15,the contents of total phenolics and isoflavone could also be increased in Huipizhi Heidou and Liaodou 15.


Teachers are essential factors in educational reform. In Shenzhen, STEM education has become popular and problem-based learning (PBL) is a common pedagogical approach adopted in science courses in primary schools, while few studies integrate PBL and STEM education to facilitate teachers to implement STEM education. Considering the mature development of PBL in science education in Shenzhen primary schools, the combination of PBL and STEM education may effectively improve teachers' readiness for STEM education. To attain a broad and in-depth understanding of the readiness of primary science teachers, the study uses mixed methods to investigate the cognitive, affective, and behavioral aspects of 31 science teachers' readiness. The instruments included the questionnaire and teachers' interview form based on Abdullah et al. (2017)'s related framework of three aspects. Descriptive analysis and the inductive thematic network approach were applied in quantitative data and qualitative data respectively. The results showed that science teachers were best ready in the cognitive aspect (average 3.43) and relatively less ready (average 3.07) in the behavioral aspect. The affective aspect was found with the lowest readiness among these three aspects (average 2.92). Even if the level of cognitive readiness and behavioral readiness was high, the low affective readiness teachers did not have the confidence to implement STEM education with PBL in class. This study also found that the support from parents and schools became the key factors influencing teachers' affective readiness.


The name of Vladimir Soloviev, insofar as it is familiar to the Western world, is known as that of a philosopher and religious thinker. This was, of course, the field in which he was particularly prominent. Russia can boast only a few formal philosophers (as distinguished from philosophizing novelists, poets or historians), and among those Soloviev is probably the most outstanding. Moreover, in the history of modern Russian religious thought, he occupies a central position, serving as a connecting link between the mid-nineteenth century Slavophils and such contemporary writers as Berdiaev and Bulgakov. But Soloviev's was a versatile and many-sided nature, and many other aspects of his life and activity deserve attention and study. He wrote interpretive essays on Russian poetry, some of which were landmarks in Russian literary criticism, and he was a poet himself—not a great poet, perhaps, but one with a strongly marked individual character.


Our country has plenty of peat resources,and peat has applied extensively in the fields such as industry, agriculture and hygiene. And peat has extensive applicated in the large-scale flower produces.Here,the article simply introduce the method of nutrient measurement of our country ,that includes the measurement of nitrogen, phosphor,potassium, calcium, magnesium. The article analyzed the rich content of nutrient of our country peat and its formation reasons.


This paper introduces the principle of measurement of TSO tester, and shows the measurement information produced by TSO tester, such as tensile stiffness orientation, the tensile stiffness index in machine direction TSIMD, the tensile stiffness index in cross machine direction and the ratio between TSIMD and TSICD so as to adjust the paperboard machine to optimize the products.


In this paper,the notion of way below relation in an ideal complete Ω-category and the notion of well below relation in a complete Ω-category are introduced and it is shown that continuity of ideal complete Ω-categories and completely distributivity of complete Ω-categories can be characterized by the way below relation and well below relation respectively.Then,as a corollary,it is showed that every completely distributive Ω-category is continuous.


This study examines the market reaction to conflicts that arise when analyst forecast errors are positive (negative) and whisper forecast errors are negative (positive). Results from a subsample, which represents firms with actual EPS that meet/beat the analyst forecast but not whisper, and regression analysis provide evidence that the market reaction to whispers is stronger than the market reaction to analysts. Compared to a portfolio that relies solely on either the analyst forecasts or whispers, a portfolio strategy that uses both information, as well as using whispers when the two conflict, results in higher abnormal returns.


Aim: Trauma remains one of the most important causes of death in paediatric patients worldwide today. This study aims to evaluate the demographics of paediatric patients with major trauma in a level I trauma centre in Hong Kong, and to validate the Injury Severity Score (ISS) as well as other factors in predicting mortality. Methods: A retrospective analysis of patients with age less than 18 and ISS more than 15 from 1/2010 to 5/2018 in a level-I trauma centre in Hong Kong was performed. The demographics, cause of injury, pattern of injury, surgical intervention and outcome including mortality and length of hospital stay were analysed. Results: A total of 173 patients (60.1% male and 39.9% female) with median age of 7 (range from 2 months old to 18 years old) were included in the study. The majority of paediatric major trauma was resulted from domestic injuries (43.9%), road traffic accidents (27.7%) and sports (13.9%). 93.1% sustained intracranial injury, while 22.5% had multisystem injury. The mean ISS was 22.1. 54.3% required surgical intervention. The overall mortality rate was 4% (7 out of 173). Predictors of mortality were higher ISS (p = 0.014), lower Glasgow Coma Score (GCS) (p < 0.001) and abnormal pulse (p = 0.005) on arrival to the Emergency Department. Conclusion: The majority of paediatric major trauma was caused by domestic injuries, road traffic accidents and sports. Most of the patients had intracranial involvement. The ISS, GCS and abnormal pulse on admission are important predictors of mortality in paediatric major trauma patients. PR4


Abstract Bryophytes, a group of terrestrial plants widely used in biomonitoring, are reviewed for their relation to heavy metals. In the present article, we summarized the knowledge on heavy metals pollution and accumulation effects on bryophytes. Mechanisms of tolerance and resistance are given as well.


In the acridinedione moiety of the title compound, C32H37NO4, the central dihydropyridine ring adopts a flattened-boat conformation, with the N atom and the methine C atom displaced from the mean plane of the other four atoms by 0.0513 (14) and 0.1828 (18) Å, respectively. The two cyclohexenone rings adopt envelope conformations, with the tetrasubsituted C atoms as the flap atoms. The 3,4-dimethoxybenzene and benzyl rings are almost normal to the dihydropyridine mean plane, with dihedral angles of 89.47 (9) and 82.90 (11)°, respectively. In the crystal, molecules are linked via a pair of C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming inversion dimers, which are, in turn, linked by C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming slabs lying parallel to (001).


With an underground mine of fluorite in Shaoguan City as an example,this paper analyzed the damage of mining to land,groundwater and geological landscapes in view of landform,stratigraphic lithology and structure,discussed the possibly resulting geological environment issues,put forward protection and recovery measures for guidance.


Objective
To study the long-term results of using an autologous vascularized pedicled flap of gastric tissues in the repair of traumatic bile duct strictures.

Methods
From 2002 to 2016, 38 patients with traumatic bile duct strictures underwent repair using an autologous vascularized pedicled flap of stomach tissues. The postoperative morbidity, mortality, long-term clinical results, liver function and the rate of biliary stricture recurrence were studied.

Results
The overall complication rate was 18.4%(7/38). A delay in healing of the incision wound occurred in 4 patients, biliary fistula in 2, and ascites in 1. Two patients died of malignant tumor. The median follow-up was 92 (61~107) months and the follow-up rate was 100%. Excellent results were obtained in 97.2% (35/36) of patients. Abnormal liver function was detected in 1 patient which improved with treatment using choleretic drugs. The remaining 35 patients had normal liver functions with absence of abdominal pain.

Conclusions
To repair traumatic bile duct strictures using an autologous vascularized pedicled flap of stomach tissues was safe and reliable, and good long-term outcomes are available.

Key words:
Benign biliary stricture; Iatrogenic bile duct injury; Long-term outcomes; Flap of stomach tissues; Tissue repair


Plato, the student of Socrates and the teacher of Aristotle, endorsed that the fundamental task of education is that of helping students to value reason and to be reasonable. Are there proper criteria for evaluating educational efforts and practices? The overall aim is the enhancement of understanding, production of knowledge and of knowledgeable students. Teaching materials may facilitate learning, may help students to evaluate, organize, integrate and retrieve information. Issue 3 of Volume 27 of Crystallography Reviews presents two articles, a topical and a tutorial one, on teaching crystallography from two eminent scientists and appreciated educators: Professors John Helliwell and Gervais Chapuis. While John Helliwell asks the question 'How should we teach crystallography?', Gervais Chapius offers an introduction to the diffraction of crystals. John Helliwell from the Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, UK prepared 'A review of teaching books contents pages' screening around 30 crystallography textbooks. The survey of the sequence of chapters showed that in the majority of books the classical crystallography preceded the description of diffraction. However, his point is that a coursebook for those students who treat crystallography as a service should start with diffraction, the classical crystallography can follow explaining the results. Anyhow, a stand cannot be made for a unique way of explaining crystallography, since it depends on the science subject that a student comes from (physics, chemistry or biology), on the level of education (undergraduate, graduate or later), and on the desired depth of understanding of crystallography. Gervais Chapuis from École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Switzerland, in his article 'An elementary treatment on the diffraction of crystalline structures' presents first the periodic nature of crystalline structures, followed by the crystallographic reference frames, and then by modelling the diffraction laws. Here, he introduces the Laue equation and its interpretation by the Ewald sphere as a start, then comes the interpretation of the Bragg equation. With this approach, Bragg's law can be reformulated directly in terms of the reciprocal unit cell constants avoiding thus the necessity to introduce a priori the notion of lattice planes. The article is based on the lecture given during the summer school of the Italian Association of Crystallography on the Fundamentals of Crystallography in 2021. 'A review on the structural and magnetic properties of differently doped bismuthferritemultiferroics' completes this issue by S. R. Dhanya, Jyotirmayee Satapathy and Pavan Kumar from the Department of Physics, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amritapuri and Matrusri EngineeringCollege, Hyderabad, India. Bismuth ferrite is one among the recently identified multiferroic materials whose magnetic response increases with decreasing particle size and possesses antiferromagnetic ordering above room temperature. Doping with


Currently,the focal point of Public Institutions'Energy Conservation Management is the end of pipe control.The management lack of the appropriate techniques,unable known well the actual energy conservation in time and comprehensive.As the public service's area grew bigger,Public Institution's energy conservation will sustained growth,the difficulty of achieve the aim of energy conservation will further.Rely on existing technology and management style,unable meet the requirement of Public Institution's Energy Conservation's development, In order to improve the ability of Public Institution Energy Conservation management,it's very urgent to develop the work of building information system platform of Public Institutions'Energy Conservation management.


Verifying an RC model of the power grid requires one to check if the steady state voltage drops on all the nodes of the grid do not exceed a certain threshold. We propose an approach to correct the grid, in case some voltage drops violate the threshold condition, by making minor changes to the original design. Previous work has been done in [1] on the DC model of the grid and this paper deals with the transient model. Rather than directly reducing the steady state voltage drops below the threshold we work on reducing the first time step voltage drops. The method uses current constraints proposed in [2] to find the first time step voltage drop whose distance to the corresponding threshold is the largest. It then tries to estimate it as a function of the metal widths on the grid. A non-linear optimization problem is then formulated and the required metal line width changes that reduce the first time step voltage drops by a sufficient amount are then determined. The reduction of the first time step voltage drop by that amount will make the steady state voltage drops of all the nodes less than the threshold.


Hypocrellin A (HA) is a natural perylene quinonoid drug, which can kill tumor cells efficiently, so, based on this theory, a graphene and HA modified glassy carbon electrode was fabricated in this paper, and the interaction between HA and telomere DNA was investigated in pH 6 phosphate buffer solution by electrochemical methods for the first time. Thermodynamic study indicated that the binding is mainly van der Waals and hydrogen bond. The fluorescence experiment showed that the binding ratio (n) of HA and telomere DNA were found to be 1.04 at 293 K, 0.71 at 298 K, 0.68 at 308 K, and 0.61 at 310 K, respectively. Under the optimized conditions, the oxidation current of HA was proportional to human telomere DNA concentration in the range from 5.91×10-9 to 7.27×10-7 mol/L, with the correlation coefficient of 0.9920 and the detection limit of 1.21×10-10 mol/L (S/N = 3). The proposed method was further applied to determine DNA in blood serum and abdominal fluid samples with satisfactory results.


Beading apparatus is provided for producing a bead on the periphery of a hollow cylinder, such as a cam body. A rotatable inner ring and a rotatable outer ring co-act to deform a portion of the hollow cylinder therebetween to form a bead. To accommodate a firm backing of the exterior of the hollow cylinder during beading operations, while also permitting the removal of a beaded hollow cylinder from the apparatus, a depressor is provided which is formed as a basket with springing tongues separated by axially extending slots. A tapered cylinder liner is provided for forcing the springing tongues to a smaller diameter configuration to provide backing for the hollow cylinder during beading operations, with the springing tongues being movable to a larger diameter to permit removal of the hollow cylinder subsequent to beading operations.


Plant products have been part of phytomedicines since time immemorial. The medicinal properties of Cucurbita maxima include anti-diabetic, antioxidant, anticarcinogenic, and antiinflammatory effects. The objective of this study was to identify the phytochemicals and antioxidants levels in the Cucurbita maxima pulp extracts. The crude ethanol and chloroform extracts of Cucurbita maxima were subjected to preliminary screening. The Phytochemical screening of the Cucurbita maxima pulp extracts revealed the presence of polyphenols, alkaloids, flavanoids, terpenoids, and glycosides. The chemical screening further showed the presence of various amino acids. The pulp homogenate of Cucurbita maxima showed the presence of reasonable levels of enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidants.


High efficiency video coding (HEVC) uses a quadtree-based structure for coding unit (CU) splitting to effectively encode various video sequences with different visual characteristics. However, this new structure results in a dramatically increased complexity that makes real-time HEVC encoding very challenging. In this paper, we propose a novel CU size decision method based on deep reinforcement learning and active feature acquisition to reduce HEVC intra coding computational complexity and encoding time. The proposed method carries out early splitting and early splitting termination by considering the encoder and CU as an agent-environment system. More specifically, through early splitting, the proposed method precludes the need for rate-distortion optimization at the current level. In addition, through early splitting termination, it disposes of the lower level computations. The proposed method provides a very fast encoder with a small quality penalty. Experimental results show that it achieves a 51.3% encoding time reduction on average with a small quality loss of 0.041 dB for the BD-PSNR, when we compare our method to the HEVC test model.


There are several ways of understanding the category «autonomy of art». The definition of autonomy of art that will underlie my paper sees it as a historical conditioned phenomenon. It describes the detachment of art as a special sphere of human activity from the nexus of the praxis of life. All description of this category must be judged by the extent to which it succeeds in showing and explaining logically and historically the contradictoriness inherent in the thing itself. The autonomy of literature-that is, its increasing independence which is ultimately asserted with regard to religious, moral, political and social facts, which could be taken to be a direct command of literature-corresponds to the attempt to discover the conditions of exposition of literature itself, of bare literature, which are consequently the conditions of perception and of reading literature. The autonomy of the work and of literature can be asserted in many ways, which can eventually be mutually compatible, depending on the way in which they question the literary object. The autonomy is affirmed in relation to reality, to history-it points to the fact that the work stands out against a background of discourse and history-and from the language characterization of literature, in aesthetical terms. All along the 20(superscript th) century, the autonomy usually meant that the literary work could not be addressed anymore in moral or ethical terms. Some exemplary cases of writers (such as Celine's) and works have led to question the very meaning of this exclusion, the boundaries of autonomy and the conditions of the literary value. In the history of French literature, Celine stands with Proust as one of the two main novelists of the first half of the Twentieth century. He changed the course of the modern novel, he made an essential contribution to style and even a decisive contribution to the revival of French literature. He displaced the frontier between art and non art, between the literary and the extraliterary by introducing slang and spoken langage into literature. When he published his first book, 'Journey to the End of the Night' (1932), he was a physician and refused to define himself as a writer. As a physician, he traveled the world, studied the ills of factory workers and worked among the poor. By the 1940s and the 1950s, Celine had achieved an international reputation not only for his novels but also for the antisemitic pamphlets he wrote during the end of the 1930s. This article tries to throw the light on imaginative creation and on the vexed problem of the humaneness or amoralism of art and literature.


A new theoretical approach to non-equilibrium statistical systems has recently been proposed by the author, a co-author and others. It is based on a variational principle which is associated with the discrepancy of a path through thermodynamical space to one following Liouvillean evolution. In this contribution the approach is extended in such a way that it can be applied to a wide range of practical non-equilibrium statistical systems such as those arising in turbulence but also to a general class of statistical physics models. The new methodology allows for application to autonomous dynamical systems generalizing the previous work which applied only to Hamiltonian systems. Furthermore it provides a general analysis of near equilibrium conditions which allows for a natural analysis of predictability limits in turbulent systems. Finally it describes a method is described for the numerical calculation of far from equilibrium thermodynamical trajectories.


Intended learning outcomes - To recognise the varied neurological appearances of skull based normal variants with the brain. Highlighting the importance of differentiation of normal and variant anatomy from the pitfalls of misdiagnosing a pathological condition
Content of Presentation -Pictorial review of 12 common examples of neuroradiological normal variant conditions of skull base and calvarium anatomical areas of the brain, including sutures, asymmetry of bones, benign growths, thickenng, dilation of diploic channels and sinuses
Relevance -There are an increase of radiographers taking up CT Head Reporting courses throughout the country due to the increased workload of CT departments and NHS funding of stroke units in district general hospitals
Oucomes - To increase reporting radiographers and CT radiographers knowledge and CPD learning of cerebral anatomy and variants
Discussion - The differentiation of a normal anatomical variant tends to come from experienced recognition of established patterns of variation from either empirical visual assessment or evidence based reesearch material that allow the reduction of false-positive findings and reduce unnecessary additional diagnostic imaging


Abstract Background: Patients on the selective serotonergic reuptake inhibitors like citalopram report emotional blunting. We showed previously that citalopram reduces resting-state functional connectivity in healthy volunteers in a number of brain regions, including the dorso-medial prefrontal cortex, which may be related to its clinical effects. Bupropion is a dopaminergic and noradrenergic reuptake inhibitor and is not reported to cause emotional blunting. However, how bupropion affects resting-state functional connectivity in healthy controls remains unknown. Methods: Using a within-subjects, repeated-measures, double-blind, crossover design, we examined 17 healthy volunteers (9 female, 8 male). Volunteers received 7 days of bupropion (150 mg/d) and 7 days of placebo treatment and underwent resting-state functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging. We selected seed regions in the salience network (amygdala and pregenual anterior cingulate cortex) and the central executive network (dorsal medial prefrontal cortex). Mood and anhedonia measures were also recorded and examined in relation to resting-state functional connectivity. Results: Relative to placebo, bupropion increased resting-state functional connectivity in healthy volunteers between the dorsal medial prefrontal cortex seed region and the posterior cingulate cortex and the precuneus cortex, key parts of the default mode network. Conclusions: These results are opposite to that which we found with 7 days treatment of citalopram in healthy volunteers. These results reflect a different mechanism of action of bupropion compared with selective serotonergic reuptake inhibitors. These results help explain the apparent lack of emotional blunting caused by bupropion in depressed patients.


In this article, we consider the bipartite graphs $K_2 \times K_n$. We prove that the connectedness of the complex $\displaystyle \text{Hom}(K_2\times K_{n}, K_m) $ is $m-n-1$ if $m \geq n$ and $m-3$ in the other cases. Therefore, we show that for this class of graphs, $\text{Hom} (G, K_m)$ is exactly $m-d-2$ connected, $m \geq n$, where $d$ is the maximal degree of the graph $G$.


The program Amoeba Make, or Amake, is being designed to fulfil the need of a make-like configuration manager capable of exploiting the potentials of the Amoeba distributed operating system. The major design goal is to create a software configuration manager that is both easy to use and efficient. The specification and maintenance of a large configuration should be easy, and should be automated as much as possible. Furthermore, the build process should exploit Amoeba's capabilities and resources when creating or updating a target. In this paper we show how a smart file server can contribute to Amake's efficiency. We also show how a declarative configuration description allows Amake to take full advantage of parallelism and to determine the commands needed for building and maintaining targets.