In the current medical developments the neuro imaging plays a vital role in the study of a human brain related disorders. The accuracy of the brain study is mainly dependent on the images created from the scanners at a rapid speed. In achieving this we need a high speed and low power
 consuming scanners. The current scenario in VLSI design, the scanners highly rely on a high speed Digital Signal Processor (DSP), which generally depends on the speed of a multiplier. Multipliers are considered as a more complex component when compared with adders. The current techniques provide
 greater access to high-speed multipliers which are designed with less area that consume low power. The major constraints to be considered for an efficient multiplier design are propagation time delay and power dissipation, especially during the ideal time. An approximate recoding adder is
 proposed to reduce the existing booth multiplier's immensity. It increases the accuracy and reduces complexity through this technique; however, it has an issue with Power Delay Product (PDP) and power dissipation. To solve this problem, the proposed system is designed with a power gating based
 16 × 16 bit Booth multiplier based on approximate recoding adder. It decreases the power dissipation and minimizes the length and width of the partial products for speeding up the multiplication process. The results obtained from the simulation show that the designed power gating based
 Radix multiplier circuits achieves better PDP, average power and area. The achieved results are compared with a Radix based multiplier, power gating CLA based multiplier and CLA based multiplier.


P3N3Cl5(NH2) in high purity and a good yield can be obtained by the reaction of P3N3Cl4(NH2)2 with gaseous HCl in acetonitrile. If diethylether or dichlormethane is used as a solvent, a salt-like compound [P3N3Cl4H(NH2)2]+Cl − is formed as a microcrystalline product instead of P3N3Cl5(NH2). The crystal structure of P3N3Cl5(NH2) was determined by X-ray structure analysis. Vibrational spectra and thermic behavior of both P3N3Cl5(NH2) and [P3N3Cl4H(NH2)2]+Cl − are also briefly discussed.

Die Reaktion von P3N3Cl4(NH2)2 mit HCl; Die Kristallstruktur von P3N3Cl5(NH2)

P3N3Cl5(NH2) kann in hoher Reinheit und mit guten Ausbeuten durch Reaktion von P3N3Cl4(NH2)2 mit gasformigem HCI in Acetonitril erhalten werden. Wird, Diethylether oder Dichlormethan als Losungsmittel verwendet, scheidet sich die salzartige Verbindung [P3N3CI4H(NH2)2]+Cl als mikrokristallines Produkt aus. Die Kristallstruktur von P3N3Cl5(NH2) wurde durch Rontgen Kristallstrukturanalyse untersucht. Schwingungsspektren und thermisches Verhalten sowohl des P3N3Cl5 (NH2) als auch des [P3N3Cl4H(NH2)2]+Cl − werden kurz diskutiert.


This paper presents an approach to identify a weapon from a single image using a weapon ontology. Ontological nodes selected by experts store convex hull (CH) sequences for their descendants, whereas the ontological leafs are labeled with object boundary sequences. The latter are generated from object boundary vertices, while the CH sequences are generated from objects' CHs. The object's boundary and CH are extracted by an active contour model. Ontology search is performed top-down using cyclic sequence alignment, which provides a scaling and rotational invariant matching. Experimental results are given to validate the theory, and the paper concludes with a list of contributions and discussion.


This paper introduces a hybrid model that combines connectionist, symbolic, and reinforcement learning for tackling reactive sequential decision tasks by a situated agent. Both procedural skills and high-level symbolic representations are acquired through an agent's experience interacting with the world, in a bottom-up direction. It deals with on-line learning, that is, learning continuously from ongoing experience in the world, without the use of preconstructed data sets or preconceived concepts. The model is a connectionist one based on a two-level approach proposed earlier.


This paper explores the evolutionary foundations of altruism among siblings and extends biologists' kin-selection theory to a richer class of games between relatives. It shows that a population will resist invasion by dominant mutant genes if individuals maximize a semi-Kantian utility function in games with their siblings. It is shown that a population that resists invasion by dominant mutants may be invaded by recessive mutants. Conditions are found under which a population resists invasion by dominant and also by recessive mutants. (JEL C70, D10, D63)


We present data on the stellar kinematics of the brightest ellipticals in HCG 62, HCG 68, NGC 2300 groups. Moreover, we report on ASCA GIS as well as optical observations of the early-type member of the pair K 416 (NGC 5480/5481) similar, in many respects, to the dominant pair in the NGC 2300 group. The kinematics of HCG 62a/b and HCG 68a/b indicate that they are not interacting pairs. HCG 62a is instead possibly in- teracting with HCG 62c, as suggested by their morphology (see Mendes de Oliveira and Hickson 1994), In contrast to the results for the NGC 2300/2276 group, ASCA observations indicate a signicant absence of hot gas in the K 416 system. Whether the NGC 2300 multiplet is viewed as a loose group or as a massive E+S pair, it is clear that similar morphological entities do not always show similar X-ray prop- erties. Under the hypothesis that diffuse X-ray emission marks the group potential, we consider the possibility that K 416 is an unbound encounter. In this scenario, morphological distortions are indicative of the ongoing interaction, but are only circum- stantially correlated with the physical reality of a pair/multiplet as a bound system.


Introduction (problem statement and relevance). The need to increase the operating speeds and input torque of automobile transmissions because of their vibration is becoming a more and more urgent problem.The purpose of the study was to substantiate the applicability of harmonic analysis, which makes it possible to determine the actual values of vibration values during a steady oscillatory process, for the initial assessment of the gearbox vibration activity.Methodology and research methods. The calculation of the gearbox vibration activity was carried out by modal and harmonic analyses, implemented by the finite element method, and followed by the experimental study of gearbox vibration on a test bench.Scientific novelty and results. The presented experimental and calculated results of the research show that the difference between the experimental and calculated values is no more than 4.2%. This proves the possibility of applying modal and harmonic analysis to predict the gearbox vibration state at an early stage of product design at the stand.Practical significance. The given calculation algorithm makes it possible to predict, with a sufficient degree of accuracy, the vibration of the gearbox before the manufacture of a prototype in experimental production.


In this paper,based on polytetramethylene(PTMG),diisocyanate(TDI) and aromatic diamine(MOCA),polyether urethane elastomers are synthesized.And nano-CaCO_3 is used to intensify polyurethane.The results show that nano-CaCO_3 can improve the mechanical properties,and the mechanical properties are the best when the content of the nano-CaCO_3 is 1%.


Abstract : For the second iteration of the Microblog Track, two tasks were given to participants to complete. The first was to perform the same ad hoc search task as the 2011 iteration. The goal of the task was to expand on last year's methods with 60 new topics and to explore different measures of evaluation. The second task was to filter the corpus with respect to the 2011 topics in an attempt to simulate a streaming environment and how simulating user feedback can affect retrieval results. For the ad hoc search task, we decided to expand on last year's approach by continuing to use the Wumpus Search Engine and adding in a logistic regression classifier (denoted GCLR in this article), first used in the TREC 2007 Spam Track. In addition, pseudo- relevance feedback was conducted this year by taking a swapdocs approach, which will be expanded upon later. As well, a semi-automatic logistic regression run was conducted using seed documents provided by a user. For the filtering task, only different methods of training GCLR were examined. No manual feedback was conducted for the filtering task.


With the rapid economic development, the hotel industry is rising rapidly. The traditional hotel management system(MS) is designed with financial management as the central idea, which cannot meet the requirements of comprehensive hotel information management. If hotel companies want to survive in the fierce market competition, they must design an intelligent MS to improve their management level and reduce operating costs. Based on the background of the information age, this paper uses big data technology and computer network technology to design a MS suitable for hotels. The structure and function of the system are tested. It is found that the system is suitable for hotel reservation management, customer basic information statistics and other modules. It can realize automation and intelligence, and provide customers with efficient and fast hotel services.


Purpose: This study aimed to assess hospital nurses' performance concerning pressure ulcer(PU) care as suggested in an evidence-based nursing practice guideline for PU care; furthermore, we analyzed individual characteristics of nurses and organizational characteristics of institutions that influenc...


High-resolution electron-energy-loss spectroscopy (HREELS) is used to study δ-doped GaAs samples with varying silicon dopant concentration. The δ-doped layers were grown by molecular-beam epitaxy at a substrate temperature of 600 o C and the silicon atoms were incorporated 20 nm underneath the surface. Characteristic loss structures are observed in the HREEL spectra and are attributed to the excitation of quasi-two-dimensional (2D) plasmon modes confined to the 6-doped region. A three-layer model of a confined free-electron gas is presented to understand the nature of the quasi-2D plasmon loss features


. This paper studies how to improve the accuracy of hydrologic models using machine-learning models as post-processors and presents possibilities to reduce the workload to create an accurate hydrologic model by removing the calibration step. It is often challenging to develop an accurate hydrologic model due to the time-consuming model calibration procedure and the nonstationarity of hydrologic data. Our findings show that the errors of hydrologic models are correlated with model inputs. Thus motivated, we propose a modeling-error-learning-based post-processor framework by leveraging this correlation to improve the accuracy of a hydrologic model. The key idea is to predict the differences (errors) between the observed values and the hydrologic model predictions by using machine-learning techniques. To tackle the nonstationarity issue of hydrologic data, a moving-window-based machine-learning approach is proposed to enhance the machine-learning error predictions by identifying the local stationarity of the data using a stationarity measure developed based on the Hilbert–Huang transform. Two hydrologic


Close relations between the clergy and the world of warriors and the undertaking of military tasks by clergymen were a frequent and well known phenomenon in the social and cultural landscape of western Christendom in the Middle Ages. Therefore, it is no wonder that bishops who held a prominent position in the ecclesiastical and social hierarchy, also conducted, for various reasons, significant military activity. In this article the problem is shown with respect to the military activity of the Polish bishops of the Piast era (until 1370). It is discussed here in the context of the ideal of episcopal power formulated in the church province of Gniezno and of ideological and legal patterns reaching these regions and regulating the possibilities of using arms by clergymen. In particular, it establishes more precisely the ways in which church hierarchs participated in wars, including their possibilities to declare them and personally conduct armed undertakings. Therefore it is an attempt to illustrate relations between * The essy was supported by the Nacional Science Centre, Poland, under project number 2014/15/B/HS3-02284. RADOSŁAW KOTECKI https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6757-9358 Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz


Fifty sorghum varieties were screened to determine the effects of germination on levels of starch, α-amylase, β-amylase, phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), peroxidase (POX) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO). Germination decreased starch content, with amylose being more degraded than amylopectin. In germinated grain, α-amylase activity increased several-fold in all varieties, whereas β-amylase activity did not increase uniformly and even decreased in some varieties. Activity of the key enzyme in phenolic biosynthesis, PAL, was detected in only half of the varieties before germination but in all of them after germination. PPO was not activated in germinated sorghum grains, whereas POX activity increased up to tenfold in some varieties. Zymography revealed that germination induced de novo synthesis of several POX isoenzymes, among which an anionic POX isoenzyme (pI 3.1) was ubiquitously present. Amylase and phenolic enzyme activities could be correlated with grain and plant agronomic characteristics. The use of sorghum varieties for local dishes such as 'to', 'dolo', couscous and thin porridge could be correlated with amylase and phenolic enzyme activities and the contents of their substrates. The biochemical constituents determined are useful markers for selection of varieties for food utilisation with special emphasis on infant porridges.


ProtoDUNE-SP and SBND are both liquid argon (LAr) TPCs for neutrino experiments, they share many common development of cold electronics system. Cold electronics decouples the electrode and cryostat design from the readout design. With front-end (FE) electronics integrated with detector electrodes, the noise is independent of the fiducial volume (signal cable lengths), and much lower than with warm electronics. ProtoDUNE-SP cold electronics mainly consists of 960 FE ASICs, 960 ADC ASICs and 120 cold FPGAs to form 120 Front End Mother Board (FEMB) assemblies. Each FEMB assembly is made up of an analog mother board (AM) and an FPGA mezzanine (FM). An AM has 128 channels with 8 FE ASICs and 8 ADC ASICs designed by BNL for 77K-300K operation and long lifetime with low power consumption. The FM multiplexes and transmits 128 channels of data through four 1 Gb/s serial links to the warm interface electronics. SBND cold electronics mainly consists of 120 FEMB assemblies. The SBND design is exploring two different options, the dual gain ADC option and the commercial ADC option. Market survey and cold screening tests for the op-amp and commercial ADC have been performed to evaluate the feasibility of two options, with focus on the commercial ADC lifetime study currently. An integration test stand with 40% APA (Anode Plane Assembly) has been built at BNL, following the DUNE isolation and grounding rules, to characterize the performance of cold electronics system. The ProtoDUNE-SP installation at CERN is going well, 20 FEMB assemblies have been installed on the first APA successfully, to prepare for the data taking in 2018. SBND front-end readout electronics design will be finalized in 2018, to get ready for the data taking in 2020.


An international consortium of botanic gardens and arboreta is launching a collaborative Ecological Restoration Alliance under the auspices of BGCI (Botanic Gardens Conservation International). We describe the Alliance and the ways in which it serves worldwide restoration efforts. Botanic gardens and arboreta are uniquely positioned to contribute to restoration science and practice. They have the plant collections and information required to understand flora and vegetation, and the horticultural expertise and experience needed to propagate, grow, manage, and conserve plants, all of which are essential for successful restoration. Botanic gardens work beyond their walls to network, educate, advocate, develop policy, build capacity, and engage in restoration projects throughout the world.


This article explores the cultural, youthful, and embodied acts of subject-making of South Asian immigrant teens growing up in a post 9/11 New York City, wherein they experience Islamophobia in their neighborhoods and schools. I argue that these acts of subject-making, situated in particular sociopolitical contexts, and made evident in multiple in-between sites of an after-school center, street corners, and online forums, can be read as performative politics of youth, and offer insights into the political agency of young people.


It is shown that a binocular observer can recover the depth and three-dimensional motion of a rigid planar patch without using any correspondences between the left and right image frames (static) or between the successive dynamic frames (dynamic). Uniqueness and robustness issues are studied with respect to this problem and experimental results are given from the application of the theory to real images. >


Electrochemical immunosensor has been widely applied in the medical environmental testing and food analysis due to its high selectivity and high sensitivity.In recent years,studies on the performance and detection methods have been widely spreading.In this paper,the fixation methods of biologically active substances are reviewed.


We report in this paper our work on accurately generating case markers and suffixes in English-to-Hindi SMT. Hindi is a relatively free word-order language, and makes use of a comparatively richer set of case markers and morphological suffixes for correct meaning representation. From our experience of large-scale English-Hindi MT, we are convinced that fluency and fidelity in the Hindi output get an order of magnitude facelift if accurate case markers and suffixes are produced. Now, the moot question is: what entity on the English side encodes the information contained in case markers and suffixes on the Hindi side? Our studies of correspondences in the two languages show that case markers and suffixes in Hindi are predominantly determined by the combination of suffixes and semantic relations on the English side. We, therefore, augment the aligned corpus of the two languages, with the correspondence of English suffixes and semantic relations with Hindi suffixes and case markers. Our results on 400 test sentences, translated using an SMT system trained on around 13000 parallel sentences, show that suffix + semantic relation → case marker/suffix is a very useful translation factor, in the sense of making a significant difference to output quality as indicated by subjective evaluation as well as BLEU scores.


Business model innovation (BMI) has emerged as a key root cause of competitive advantage. This is vital for organizations seeking to achieve the set strategic objectives through projects, particularly New Product Development (NPD) projects. However, there is limited attention among scholars and practitioners about sustainable BMI and its methods. Eco-innovation efforts (including the environmental, social and economic dimensions of innovation) concentrate on triple bottom line goals, but to date there seems to be a deficit of academic and practitioner literature on the effect of this type of innovation on new business models. Scholars has been trying to address this gap, mostly focused on eco-innovation from a product-centric perspective where the product is the cornerstone of the new sustainable business models. And this is how conventional sustainable business model innovation is being developed.


This research was conducted with the aim of: 1) To analyze the effect of working capital turnover on profitability; 2) To analyze the effect of liquidity on profitability; 3) To analyze the effect of leverage on profitability. This type of research used in this study is casual associative research (causal associative research). The population of this research are property, real estate, and building construction companies which are included in the Kompas 100 index which are listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) in the period 2013-2018. The sampling technique is using purposive sampling technique. The analytical method used to test hypotheses is multiple regression analysis. The results of the study show that: 1) Working capital turnover has no effect on profitability; 2) Liquidity has no effect on profitability; and 3) Leverage has a negative effect on profitability.


Book file PDF easily for everyone and every device. You can download and read online Vertebrate Biology file PDF Book only if you are registered here. And also you can download or read online all Book PDF file that related with Vertebrate Biology book. Happy reading Vertebrate Biology Bookeveryone. Download file Free Book PDF Vertebrate Biology at Complete PDF Library. This Book have some digital formats such us :paperbook, ebook, kindle, epub, fb2 and another formats. Here is The Complete PDF Book Library. It's free to register here to get Book file PDF Vertebrate Biology.


Abstract The much‐quoted Al‐ahkam al‐sultaniyya of the prominent Shafi'i jurisconsult, Abu l‐Hasan al‐Mawardi (364–450 AH/974–1058 AD), was written primarily to buttress the 'Abbadsid caliphate which was facing, at the time, challenges to its authority by the competing caliphates of the Fatimids and Umayyads, in Cairo and al‐Andalus respectively, and, at home by the actual usurpation of its power by the Twelver Shi'ite Buwayhids (945–1055 CE). Al‐Mawardi recapitulates Sunni political thought to lend credence to the primacy of the cAbbasid caliphate in Baghdad and its legitimacy. His discussion of the various functions, rights and duties of the caliph included discussion of the rights and obligations of ahl al‐dhimma (Christians and Jews) in the Muslim state which included freedom of worship and protection by the state, in lieu of the obligation of male adults to pay a poll tax (jizya) and land tax (kharaj) by farmers. Al‐Mawardi affirms the obtaining practice that allowed Christians and Jews to attain hig...


Prostate specific antigen (PSA)-based screening for prostate cancer and its effects on secular trends in prostate cancer incidence and mortality continue to generate controversy, as indicated by the letters to the editor by Aiken (1) and Gibson et al (2) in this issue of the Journal. Recently, the United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) ignited a fierce firestorm of debate in the United States of America (USA) and around the world when it released its latest recommendations regarding PSA-based prostate cancer screening on October 7, 2011. In its release, it recommended against PSA-based prostate cancer screening in all men.


Gas turbine combustor's performance, emissions, operability, liner and dome temperature levels and gradients are affected by the degree of confinement expressed indirectly by the dome reference velocity. An experimental investigation was therefore undertaken to characterize the aerodynamic characteristics of non-reacting swirling flow generated by a counter-rotating swirl cup as affected by the test section dimensions. A two-component Laser Doppler Velocimetry (LDV) system was used to measure the mean velocity components and Reynolds stresses of the flowfield generated by the swirl cup installed in 8 square box test sections with width of 3.0, 4.0, 4.1, 4.3, 4.4, 4.5, 5.0, and 6.0 inch, in addition to unconfined flow. Measurements were carried out at fourteen axial distances ranging from 3 to 250 mm downstream of the flare exit, and the radial profiles are obtained through 2 mm intervals. Detailed experimental data are provided to improve mechanistic understanding of the swirl cup generated flowfield as impacted by the ratio of the test section cross-section to the mixer's effective area. The benchmark quality data are planned for validating the state-of-the-art numerical models in addition more advanced LES approach.Copyright © 2005 by ASME


Abstract The mean dynamic height of the ocean surface is estimated along a subsatellite track of TOPEX/Poseidon crossing the East Auckland Current system northeast of New Zealand. Repeated hydrographic surveys along the track, together with surface elevation anomalies deduced from TOPEX altimeter data, enable four independent estimates of the mean dynamic height. From these estimates a more stable mean is calculated in which the uncertainty is estimated as less than 5 cm. The result can be applied as a reference profile for calibrating a long series of TOPEX passes so that cross-track geostrophic currents can be calculated. The scatter in the individual estimates indicates sufficient sampling variability to caution against using single hydrographic surveys as a basis for calibrating the satellite data.


Drought is a main water-related natural hazard due to its features, sensitivities and effects to all sectors. According to climate change scenarios, drought hazards are expected to be more devastating, especially in arid and semi-arid regions. Drought characterization is essential to be aware of expected negative effects of droughts as well as to devise water management plans including possible mitigation measures. To this end, many drought indices have been developed for drought analysis, one of which is the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) that is widely used worldwide. In this study, a new drought index is proposed, namely the Drought Power Index (DPI), based on the SPI with orientation by reliability-resilience-vulnerability (RRV) concept. The use of the RRV approach with the SPI time series empowers the drought characterization by considering the frequency of drought event, drought recovery period as well as the severity of droughts-once a drought has occurred. Since the drought is identified as an unfavorable phenomenon, the DPI ranges from 0 to 1 where the higher values indicate higher drought devastating features (probability, duration and extremity of drought) and vice versa. The proposed approach is illustrated with reference to the Southeastern Anatolia Region, Turkey. The long-term (19702017) monthly precipitation data of eight meteorological stations under the operation of General Directorate of Meteorological Services of Ministry of Forestry and Water Affairs are used in the study. The 12-month SPI time series, which were later used for calculations of DPI, were obtained by the use of SPI_SL_6 software. The study revealed that there has been an increasing trend in DPI values in the basin, especially after 1993. It is concluded that the DPI is a valuable indicator for (i) spatially and temporally evaluating the drought characteristics, (ii) analysing meteorological, agricultural and hydrological drought severity with its coherent capability with SPI, (iii) ranking the regions in accordance with the drought vulnerability conditions.


Objective
To investigate the inhibitory effects of Propionibacterium acnes (P.acnes) by 22 effective components of traditional Chinese medicines.

Methods
The susceptibility tests of P.acnes to 22 effective components of traditional Chinese medicines were performed.

Results
P.acnes was highly sensitive to both eugenol and cineole, and moderately sensitive to baicalin, emodin and others. The number of bacteria per oil field decreased obviously under microscopy and bacteriolysis was found after the treatment with those components.

Conclusion
Eugenol, cineole and other components of traditional Chinese medicines can inhibit P.acnes in vitro.

Key words:
Propionibacterium acnes; Microbial sensitivity tests; Medicine herbs(TCD)


In this paper the capability of the interpolation damage detection method for damage detection and localization on long span suspension bridges is investigated using a case study. The finite element model of an existing suspension bridge is considered for simulating vibration responses to spatially correlated wind actions. A 'signature' of the structure in the intact state has been obtained in terms of the power spectral densities of responses along the bridge deck. Subsequently, several damage scenarios have been simulated by reducing the stiffness of a limited number of elements along the bridge deck. The new damaged signature of the bridge in each of the damaged conditions has been obtained using a new wind loading history. The results demonstrate the good performance of the interpolation damage detection method to provide the correct identification of damage detection and localization for all the damage scenarios herein considered. © Civil-Comp Press, 2013


For a two-dimensional homogeneous electron gas, the canonical density matrix is well-known. This object is related to the Feynman propagator K(r,r′;t), where t is the time, by the transform β→it. From the free electron form of C(r,r′;β), the Green function follows in terms of the Bessel function K 0. When a bare Coulomb potential -Ze2/r is now "switched on", one known property is the local density of states at the nucleus. This enables the imaginary part Im, G of the Green function at the nucleus to be determined as an explicit function of energy E and nuclear charge Ze. Off-diagonal information on Im, G will yield the real part of the Green function by using the Kramers–Krönig relation. The analysis of the two-dimensional Green function G into partial waves characterized by angular momentum quantum number ℓ is then considered. The imaginary part of G for ℓ = 0 is determined in terms of a hypergeometric function. The real part is again in principle accessible by invoking the Kramers–Krönig relation. From the relation between G and the Laplace transform of C with respect to β, information is also obtained on the ℓ = 0 partial wave component of the Slater sum and hence the Feynman propagator on the diagonal, in the limiting case Z→0.


It is my pleasure to present to the readers of JIFS this special section entitled "Computational Collective Intelligence", which includes 9 papers being extended versions of selected papers presented at the5th International Conference on Computational Collective Intelligence (ICCCI 2013). Conferences of series ICCCI are focused on research of the computer-based methods of Computational Collective Intelligence (CCI) and their applications in a wide range of fields such as semantic web, social networks, recommendation and multi-agent systems. The conferences aim to provide forums for the presentation of scientific research and technological achievements accomplished by the international community. The scopes of these conferences include all solutions of real-life problems, for which it is necessary to use computational collective intelligence technologies to achieve effective results. The last event of ICCCI (2013) was held in Craiova, Romania in September 2013. Almost 150 papers have


A novel oleanen type triterpenoid glycoside has been isolated from butanolic seed extracts of Cassia angustifolia. Its structure was elucidated as 3-O-{β-D-glucuronopyranosyl-(1 → 4)-[β-D-galactopyranosyl-(1 → 2)]-β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1 → 3)–β-D-glucopyranosyl}-2, 16α-dihydroxy-4, 20-hydroxy methyl olean-12-ene-28-oic acid on the basis of spectral evidence (i.e. FTIR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and FAB-MS data). The isolated saponin was tested for its antifungal activity, where the maximum inhibition was found in Colletotrichium dematium.


Objective:To investigate the willingness to pay of elderly people's family caregivers for social support services and how much they could afford.Methods:We investigated 277 family caregivers of seniors by Contingent Valuation Method(CVM).Results:① Willing to pay or not:190(68.6%) caregivers had willingness to pay for the general support service.Caregivers' willingness to pay for different services was different,too.The top five items were rehabilitation service(182,65.7%),patient referral service(178,64.3%),community meal delivery service(177,61.7%),modifying safe environment of home setting(167,60.2%),assistance of daily life activities,such as bathing,dressing,eating,toileting,etc.(166,59.9%).② How much they want to pay:The amount they want to pay was different,but was low in general.They just wanted to pay 600~800 RMB per month for general service.Conclusion:The attitude of family caregiver to social support services is positive and they may have different willingness to pay for different services.It suggested that health care providers should carry out caregiver support services which could meet their urgent needs.


Nowadays, more than ever, it is evident that we need a series of technological and methodological techniques in order to improve on the systems analysis and design (SAD) of any informational system. Recently, there is a huge demand to create domain vocabularies and semantics that along with cognition are to describe the information of any domain in the form of Resource Description Framework (RDF) and ontologies (OWL), both types of data models, resulting into relational and directed graphs and as a result both humans and machines simultaneously can understand the information offered, with machines using online links and pattern matching in order to interpret the meaning of it in a consistent and meaningful way. Ontologies are great ensuring interopirability and consistency of data, however in order to improve on current Information Systems (IS) such as Hospital Information Systems (HIS), there are many other methodologies that need to be invoked. This could be achieved with the waterfall approach and multiple deployment of systems analysis and design methodologies and of course detailed computational ontologies that will be used as a basis to represent and share domain specific knowledge and data structures ensuring the interoperability of systems and the quality of information within that domain. This multimethodological systems analysis and design framework, named "OntoDrive" is presented here.


A reference library can be described as a corpus of an individual composition of documents. Over time, the corpus might grow because an agent decides to extend its corpus with additional documents, e.g., new publications, or new articles. Existing approaches use topic modelling techniques to compare documents with each other within the same corpus by the documents' topic distribution. However, for new documents, only the text, and no topic distribution is available. Thus, this paper describes three techniques for estimating topic distributions of new unseen documents considering the initial documents in a corpus. Additionally, we present an extensive evaluation about the performance and runtime of the three topic modelling techniques for various scenarios and different sized corpora.


Background: The bulk of literature on the subject focuses on the resection of the tumor followed by reconstruction using autologous fibula, however, papers analyzing the failures of this procedure are scanty. The aim is to analyze the various factors responsible for the failures.
 Methods: Study included 42 patients of aggressive GCT of distal radius, resected and reconstructed using nonvascularised autologous fibula. Host graft junction was fixed using screws (6), intramedullary nail (21) and plate (15). The minimum follow-up was 2 years or till a complication occurred requiring second surgery.
 Result: The major complications were recurrence in 6 cases (spillage of tumor tissue in 3, poor biopsy site 2, recurrence along the nail tract one case); failure of host graft union in 8 cases due to inadequate contact at host graft junction, poor implant selection, inadequate immobilization and infection; significant instability at wrist in 6 cases due to poor stabilization at carpo fibular junction in addition to inherent instability due to poor congruity between fibulocarpal articulations.
 Conclusion: Reconstruction of distal end of radius using auto fibula has much higher complication rates than usually believed. A meticulous planning and its execution is must to minimize the problems. Use of dynamic plate for host graft junction and fixation of fibular head to adjacent ulna/carpal bones improves the results.


Two-photon absorption (TPA) is the basis for an increasing number of optical and electro-optical applications that include data storage, 3 three-dimensional microfabrication, 6 biological imaging, 12 optical limiting, 16 and photodynamic therapy. 21 The potential of these technologies, in turn, continues to drive development ofmaterials with improvedTPAproperties. For example, TPAenhanced materials boost absorption efficiency at low excitation intensity and, therefore, help minimize damage due to laser irradiation. Therefore, an improved understanding of chromophoric structural factors that may be manipulated to improve TPA will undoubtedly impact a variety of technologies that depend upon this nonlinear optical (NLO) property. To date, a number of design strategies formaterials with largeTPA cross sections (δ) have been proposed and demonstrated. D-π-D, D-A-D, and A-D-A structural motifs, where D, π, and A refer, respectively, to electron donor, π-conjugated bridge, and electron acceptor units, have been shown to exhibit exceptionally large TPA cross sections for many D, π, and A moieties. 34 Quadrupolar structures, in particular, have experimentally and theoretically demonstrated enhanced TPA cross sections that are approximately an order of magnitude greater than those of dipolar analogues. In addition, quadrupolar compounds have higher fluorescence quantum yields relative to corresponding dipolar compounds, most likely due to cancellation of D A dipoles which otherwise would tend to induce charge transfer quenching of fluorescence; such augmented fluorescence quantum yields are useful, for example, in imaging technologies that rely on TPA. Corresponding octopolar chromophores, 42 as well as multibranched conjugated systems that include dendrimers, 48 can also provide materials with high TPA cross sections. Incorporation of proquinoid structures, such as benzothiadiazole and thiadiazoloquinoxaline, into the main chain of π-conjugated oligomers and polymers is an established means to diminish optical and potentiometric band gaps. 58 π-Conjugated materials that feature benzothiadiazole or thiadiazoloquinoxaline units have been exploited as both emissive and charge transport functional elements for organic light-emitting diodes 63 and as key components of photovoltaic cells 73 and field effect transistors. 76 Because


we directly generate 20 µJ, 4.6 fs visible pulses (~2 cycles) without any post-compression by coupling 175-fs-long infrared pulses into a 3-m-long Ar-filled hollow-core fiber and exploiting the nonlinear mixing between its spatial modes.


Thermodynamic calculations were made on the base of data on macroand microelement composition of human saliva. The purpose of the work was to investigate the possible formation of low soluble compounds of Ca, Mg, Cu, Fe, Al and Zn, as well as revealing the role of microelements in the biocrystallization process. It was shown that thermodynamically the saliva's microelements under normal physiological concentrations should not have significant effect on a balance of the processes leading to the formation of calcium orthophosphates. Formation of Cu, Fe, Al and Zn low soluble compounds in saliva at low concentrations of these ions is thermodynamically unlikely even at the presence of a large excess of calcium cations.


The operation of .industrial, Scientific and medical (ISM) equipment in the USA is re gulated under Part 18 of FCC Rules. Adopted in 1947, these rules, except for a few minor revisions, have remained essentially unchanged. The time has arrived, because of changes in technology and because of recent changes in the rules dealing with equipment authoriza tions,, for the Commission to overhaul Part 18. The first step in this task to revise Part 18 was the release of a Notice of Inquiry, adop ted March 10, 1976. This paper will discuss some contemplated changes and several EMC con siderations in formulating new standards for ISM equipment.


The research is put forward based on summing the present condition of Chinese junior men's football and referring successful experience of world top countries in football,in accordance with the current situation of Chinese football following principles of seeking truth from fact,sustainable development strategy and cultivating talents.Guiding ideology,guidelines,goals of development and specific measures of the development planning for Chinese juniors' football are made for security of Chinese juniors' football's sustainable development.


Background: Glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is a genetic disorder that occurs in approximately 400 million people worldwide. It is characterized by varying degrees of hemolysis most often triggered by infections, drugs, or certain foods. However, most people with G6PD deficiency do not have a clinically significant phenotype. Some medications thought to trigger hemolytic crises in patients with G6PD deficiency can be life-saving (e.g. rasburicase in severe tumor lysis syndrome). Thus, the ability to stratify patients according to risk of hemolysis may have significant clinical implications. In December 2014, our reference lab increased the lower limit of normal of the G6PD enzymatic assay from 7 units/g Hb to 9.9 units/g Hb, which increased the number of patients diagnosed with G6PD deficiency. However, it remains unknown if patients with intermediate levels (between 7 and 11 units/g Hb) experience hemolysis when exposed to triggers compared to patients with levels below 7 units/g Hb. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort analysis of patients with G6PD enzymatic levels between 2014 and 2016 to determine risk of hemolysis in patients with low or intermediate levels upon exposure to hemolysis-triggering medications (rasburicase, dapsone, nitrofurantoin, primaquine, cotrimoxazole, methylene blue, probenecid, phenazopyridine, moxifloxacin and aspirin). Hemolysis was defined by clinical documentation and further characterized by need for transfusion after drug exposure as well as a decrease in pre-exposure hemoglobin after exposure. Inclusion criteria were patients 0-21 years of age at time of G6PD assay, G6PD assay level less than 11 units/g Hb, exposure to one of the listed medications, and those with peri-exposure hemoglobin and transfusion data available. Patients were excluded if G6PD assay level was ≥ 11 units/g Hb, they were over 21 years of age at time of assay, or were not exposed to the listed medications. Results: We identified 704 patients who had available G6PD assays during the study period. Assay levels in this cohort ranged from 0.3 to 270 units/g Hb with 291 having G6PD assay levels less than 11 units/g Hb. Of these patients, 39 had both qualifying G6PD levels and documented exposure to one or more of the triggering medications; 5 patients had low G6PD levels ( There were two patients amongst those in the study who had significant hemolytic events associated with anemia warranting blood transfusion. One patient (a male) with a low G6PD assay level (2.4 units/g Hb) had clinically significant hemolysis in the setting of rasburicase exposure. The other patient (a female) with a high intermediate G6PD assay (10.8 units/g Hb) had clinically significant hemolysis in the setting of cotrimoxazole exposure, but had a complicated clinical course making it difficult to attribute causality of hemolysis definitively to cotrimoxazole. Of note, no patients with intermediate G6PD assay levels (between 7 and 10 units/g Hb) had significant hemolysis despite exposure to a triggering medication. Conclusions: Our results indicate that there was no clear association between G6PD assay levels above 7 units/g Hb and the incidence of hemolysis. Despite a general avoidance of cotrimoxazole exposure in patients with known G6PD deficiency, our study did not reveal a significant correlation between drug exposure and hemolytic events in this population. Importantly, the only patient with significant hemolysis in the setting of rasburicase exposure had a very low G6PD level. Further correlation with genotype and G6PD assay level may have significant clinical implications to predict one9s risk of clinically significant hemolysis. Disclosures Smith-Whitley:Pfizer: Membership on an entity9s Board of Directors or advisory committees. Lambert:Novartis: Consultancy.


The quantity and quality of silk produced by silkworm depend upon the food quality mainly; the protein content of the leaf which in turn depends upon the nitrogen content of the leaf. Three doses of urea, 1.5%, 2.0% & 2.5% were used as foliar spray on Terminalia arjuna plants with plain water as control. Leaf from the host plants were sampled before spray and at the 7, 14 and 21 days after spray for protein estimation. Samples of silkworm larvae were collected at their different age viz., at beginning of the IV instar, end of the IV instar, beginning of the V instar and at the end of the V instar. The larvae at the end of IV instar showed maximum (2.327 μg/ml) haemolymph protein. The haemolymph protein of larvae at the beginning of IV instar was 1.693μg/ml and that at the beginning of V instar was 2.018μg/ml. Both these values were significantly lesser than that of at the end of IV instar (2.327μg/ml). The haemolymph protein in the larvae at the end of V instar (1.812μg/ml) was further lesser than that in the larvae at the beginning of V instar (2.018μg/ml). Maximum protein was recorded in the haemolymph of larvae at the end of their IV instar which decreases during the V instar indicating its utilization in silk formation during the V instar. Thus it may be concluded that foliar spray of nitrogen on T. arjuna plants not only improves the protein content of leaf but also increases the haemolymph protein of the larvae reared on treated plants.


Human–robot teams represent a challenging work application of artificial intelligence (AI). Building strong emotional bonds with robots is one solution to promoting teamwork in such teams, but does this come at a cost in the form of subgroups? Subgroups—smaller divisions within teams—in all human teams can undermine teamwork. Despite the importance of this question, it has received little attention. We employed a mixed‐methods approach by conducting a lab experiment and a qualitative online survey. We (a) examined the formation and impact of subgroups in human–robot teams and (b) obtained insights from workers currently adapting to robots in the workplace on mitigating impacts of subgroups. The experimental study (Study 1) with 44 human–robot teams found that robot identification (RID) and team identification (TID) are associated with increases and decreases in the likelihood of a subgroup formation, respectively. RID and TID moderated the impacts of subgroups on teamwork quality and subsequent performance in human–robot teams. Study 2 was a qualitative study with 112 managers and employees who worked collaboratively with robots. We derived practical insights from this study that help situate and translate what was learned in Study 1 into actual work practices.


The research was based on a field experiment carried out in the Agricultural Experimental Station in the climatic and soil conditions of north-eastern Poland. The factors of the experiment were: I–morphotypes of winter oilseed rape: population, restored hybrid with a traditional type of growth, restored hybrid with a semi-dwarf type of growth. II–methods of using preparations: variant (1)—control–without using preparations; variant (2)–an organic preparation containing microorganisms as well as micro and macro elements (Ugmax); variant (3)–a biostimulant containing 13.0% of P₂0₅ and 5.0% of potassium oxide (K₂O); variant (4)–a biostimulant containing silicon. The objectives of study was to determine the effect of preparations containing microorganisms as this well as micro and macro-elements, phosphorus and potassium and silicon on the morphometric features of plants, such as: the height of the first fruit-bearing lateral branching on the main shoot, the thickness of the stem at the base, number of productive branches and siliques on the plant, the length of the pods, plant height before harvesting. The organic preparation containing microorganisms as well as micro and macro-elements, applied in the autumn before sowing seeds and in the spring after the start of vegetation, had the most beneficial effect on the biometric characteristics of plants before harvesting.


FIELD: electricity. SUBSTANCE: invention is related to the field of plug-in connection of coaxial lines. Cable plug (30) for coaxial cable (47), in particular to circularly corrugated outer conductor, includes electroconductive body (33), which concentrically surrounds isolated internal conductor (31) arranged in body, and also facilities for fixation (34, 35, 36), which allow for electric and mechanical connection of outer conductor with body (33) of cable plug (30). In such cable plug, especially simple design and especially easy assembly are achieved due to the fact that facilities for fixation (34, 35, 36) simultaneously with fixation create sealing joint between outer conductor of coaxial cable and body (33) of cable plug (30). EFFECT: invention provides for simplified assembly and cheap design of connector. 21 cl, 8 dwg


Androgenetic alopecia is the most common form of alopecia. Its therapeutic approach is broad both in terms of active agents and routes of administration. Antiandrogens have been shown to be highly effective in both men and women. Mesotherapy with dutasteride, despite being an off-label technique, can be an effective alternative in cases of fear or refusal of, or poor tolerance to systemic treatment with anti-androgens. We present a review of the current evidence published to date on mesotherapy with dutasteride. Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is the most common form of alopecia. Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) plays a major role in its pathogenesis as it causes hair miniaturization and shortening of the anagen phase [1]. Mesotherapy consists of a local drug injection at an adequate skin depth to enhance the therapeutic effect while minimizing systemic effects [2]. Mesotherapy with dutasteride reduces DHT levels in the scalp through the inhibition of 5-α-reductase types I and II [3]. Three placebo-controlled studies were published between 2009 and 2013. Abdallah et al. and Sobhy et al. showed the effectiveness of dutasteride 0.005% in men with AGA based on independent observer assessment (IOA) [4, 5], while Moftah et al. proved the efficacy of dutasteride 0.05% in women with AGA [6]. Later in 2017, a pilot study by Saceda-Corralo et al. with dutasteride 0.01% showed improvement in IOA in all patients evaluated [7]. Regarding the combination with minoxidil, Merinode-Paz et al., in 2018, achieved good outcomes in men and women with AGA with dutasteride 0.05% + minoxidil 2% [8], and in 2022, Villarreal-Villarreal et al. published the superiority of dutasteride 0.01% + oral minoxidil versus oral minoxidil monotherapy in the vertex area, but not in the frontal area [9]. Finally, Saceda-Corralo et al. presented a multicentre retrospective study with dutasteride 0.01% mesotherapy administered every three months in which more than 80% of the patients (men and women) clinically improved with no severe adverse effects [10]. The best technique for administration seems to be 0.05-0.1-mL injections at a depth of 4 mm, using fine needles (30G) and small syringes (1 mL) [11]. In summary, mesotherapy with dutasteride should be considered a safe and effective alternative for AGA, especially for patients who refuse oral anti-androgens or who have relative contraindications for them. ■


Subject
 Prospects for Turkey to end-2020.

 Significance
 President Recep Tayyip Erdogan's political support base is much weaker than at any time since he took power in 2002. The high cost of living, the unpopularity of his one-man-rule governance and above all the anti-coronavirus measures have all contributed. The pandemic has reversed the economic recovery and ramped up risks.


Chapter 1. Introduction The Health of Societies Chapter 2. Health becomes a social science Chapter 3. Rising life expectancy and the epidemiological transition Health Inequalities Within Societies Chapter 4. The problem of health inequalities Chapter 5. Income distribution and health, Social Cohesion and Social Conflict Chapter 6. A small town in the USA, war-time Britain, Eastern Europe and Japan Chapter 7. An anthropology of social cohesion Chapter 8. The symptoms of disintegration How Society Kills Chapter 9. The psycho-social causes of illness Chapter 10. Baboons, Civil Servants and children's height Redistribution, Economic Growth and the Quality of Life Chapter 11. Social capital: putting Humpty together again


Simple Summary In this research, we introduced an improved deep learning model for automatic brain metastases detection in MRI. In order to reduce false-positive results while retaining high accuracy, a modified YOLOv5 algorithm with self-attention mechanism is proposed. Our proposed deep learning model showed promising results on the internal testing set, achieving better recall and precision compared to standard algorithms. Furthermore, we also demonstrated the method's effectiveness and generalizability on the external testing set. The study proved that our proposed framework can be used as a reliable computer-aided diagnosis system for brain metastases detection. Abstract As a complication of malignant tumors, brain metastasis (BM) seriously threatens patients' survival and quality of life. Accurate detection of BM before determining radiation therapy plans is a paramount task. Due to the small size and heterogeneous number of BMs, their manual diagnosis faces enormous challenges. Thus, MRI-based artificial intelligence-assisted BM diagnosis is significant. Most of the existing deep learning (DL) methods for automatic BM detection try to ensure a good trade-off between precision and recall. However, due to the objective factors of the models, higher recall is often accompanied by higher number of false positive results. In real clinical auxiliary diagnosis, radiation oncologists are required to spend much effort to review these false positive results. In order to reduce false positive results while retaining high accuracy, a modified YOLOv5 algorithm is proposed in this paper. First, in order to focus on the important channels of the feature map, we add a convolutional block attention model to the neck structure. Furthermore, an additional prediction head is introduced for detecting small-size BMs. Finally, to distinguish between cerebral vessels and small-size BMs, a Swin transformer block is embedded into the smallest prediction head. With the introduction of the F2-score index to determine the most appropriate confidence threshold, the proposed method achieves a precision of 0.612 and recall of 0.904. Compared with existing methods, our proposed method shows superior performance with fewer false positive results. It is anticipated that the proposed method could reduce the workload of radiation oncologists in real clinical auxiliary diagnosis.


Listed French companies have issued their first corporate accounts prepared under both French and IFRS standards. Restatement according to international standards, which was intended to bring the book value as close as possible to the financial value, has not yet yielded the anticipated transparency. The extent of the adjustment problem is suggested by examination of the consolidated corporate accounts of the companies comprising the CAC 40 (the leading French Stock Exchange Index). The analysis of financial performance shows no improvement in clarity; the example of Return On Equity and its value-creation process is discussed for companies making up the CAC 40. This shows that the Merton model, which was supposed to converge with the Medaf or CAPM model owing to the underlying fall in the cost of information, is actually moving away from it because of the re-valuation of the companies' asset bases.


The approach to managing influenza in working populations remains a topic that provokes vigorous debate. The assumption that there is a major deleterious effect on productivity and attendance has been questioned [1], as has the efficacy and cost benefit of immunization programmes. The UK is perhaps more sceptical than other nations about the worth of annual immunization programmes. In particular, the recommendation to immunize health care workers (which has been advocated for many years by the US Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices [2]) has not been endorsed by the UK Joint Committee on Vaccination and Immunization. For the average workforce (excepting health and social care), the issue is of sickness absence prevention and maintenance of productivity. Within health and social care settings, another significant problem is the transmission of infection from carer to client, with potential serious consequences. Influenza remains a major cause of disease and death. The populations most affected are the young, the elderly and those with chronic disease. There seems little indication of increased susceptibility dependent on occupation (for instance, there is no evidence of increased incidence in health care), though avian influenza has been associated with poultry handling in Asia [3]. It is difficult to quantify the precise impact on a workforce of influenza epidemics. Anecdotes are legion, as are economic estimates, but it remains difficult to determine the absolute contribution of influenza to sickness absence in the winter. The other winter viruses, whose peak incidence is often coincident to influenza, may cause influenza-like illness (ILI). True incidence rates of infection are rarely obtained, most epidemiology relying on proxy measures based on consultations in primary care with ILI or relative increases in virology laboratories' detection rates. However, it is probable that infection (confirmed by serological change) occurs in ~20% of the adult population most years—obviously dependent on the scale of the epidemic [4]. Infection does not necessarily mean clinical disease, however. There may be a spectrum of clinical manifestation of infection, ranging from asymptomatic to the classic prostrate, feverish patient confined to bed. Again, therefore, knowing whether vaccination has been effective in preventing clinical influenza is an uncertain business. It is possible that workplace absence due to other winter viruses may equal or exceed that caused by influenza. Yet influenza is different; it tends to occur in observable epidemics, potentially causing catastrophic sudden increases in absence, with the consequent severe short-term effects on a business. There are also vaccines and drugs that could prevent or attenuate the effects of the epidemic. No effective vaccine exists yet for the common cold, but inactivated influenza vaccine has been in use for decades. Significantly, newer antiviral agents are also now available, introducing the possibility of drug prophylaxis and early treatment. At present, their role may be limited, possibly only to institutional use during a severe epidemic or in an outbreak situation. However, the development of near patient testing technology may in future open up the possibility of early diagnosis and intervention—some of which might be appropriate for a workplace setting where rapid access to an occupational health service is practicable. In the following reviews, we cover the epidemiology of influenza and the key issues relevant to workplaces. Stephenson and Zambon review the epidemiological and virological background, with a timely reminder about the prospect of the next pandemic. Fleming gives an update on antiviral drugs, while Jefferson et al. review the currently available vaccines. The paper by Stott et al. reprises the evidence for nosocomial transmission in health and social care settings. Finally, O'Reilly and Stevens review sickness absence due to influenza. What conclusions can we draw? Readers who are hoping for straightforward guidance on whether or not they should advise employers to offer vaccination may be dismayed to find no simple answer. The evidence for


In this study, staff job satisfaction were evaluated according to their personality differences by assessing five personality factors, based on NEO-FFI scoring and those components, which are directly associated with job satisfaction. In this regard, three data collection tools including communication satisfaction questionnaires, job descriptions index and five personality trait questionnaire were used. Based on the findings there was a positive and significant relationship between job satisfaction and personality traits (r = 0.97), and job satisfaction was depended on communication satisfaction. This research showed that communication satisfaction and job satisfaction could be predicted based on the five personality traits, which are nervousness, extraversion, empiricism, responsibility, and compatibility with others.


Objective:To determine the effect of acupuncturing Ren vessel on BAEP of laughing sickness patient. Methods:42 cases with cerebral infarction laughing sickness were divided into two groups. In the study group,22 patients were given the acupuncturing Ren vessel treatment. In the control group,20 patients were given medicine treatment. According to the result of BAEP,we evaluated the PL of III, V waves and the IPL of III~V, I~V. Results:There were significant differences in statistics about the BAEP among the prior-treatment of study group, the post-treatment of study group and control group. Conclusion:This study demonstrates acupuncturing Ren vessel might improve the BAEP of laughing sickness in cerebrally infarction patient.


: Giant cell tumors of bone rarely occur in facial bones. As compared with other benign tumors, this tumor is aggressive and has a risk of local recurrence and late malignant changes with metastasis. We report a rare case of giant cell tumor in the mandible of a 4-year-old boy. He was referred to our department because of a radiolucent lesion in the right posterior mandible. Clinical examination revealed a diffuse painless swelling on the right side of the mandible. Under a clinical diagnosis of a tumor in the right side of the mandible, the tumor was extirpated. On histopathological examination, the tumor showed a large number of giant cells and proliferation of spindle cells. The patient has shown no evidence of recurrence for 1 year 6 months.


This article mainly compared the community structures and biodiversity characteristics of macrobenthos between 2005 and 1998 in the Lianyungang Nuclear Power Station alongshore sea area.The result shows that polychaete is a dominant species in this study rather than mollusk and echinoderm in 1998 and the total individual number of the species is smaller than that in 1998;the richness value of macrobenthos in this study is bigger than that in 1998,which is contrary to the biomass;both Shannon-Wiene index and Pielou index are bigger than those in 1998.


Original Research Paper Received 06 January 2016 Accepted 03 February 2016 Available Online 05 March 2016 This study presents a numerical investigation for laminar mixed convection flow of radiating gases in an inclined lid-driven cavity. The fluid is treated as a gray, absorbing, emitting and scattering medium. The governing differential equations consisting of the continuity, momentum and energy are solved numerically by the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) techniques to obtain the velocity and temperature fields. Discretized forms of these equations are obtained by the finite volume method and solved using the SIMPLE algorithm. Since the gas is considered as a radiating medium, besides convection and conduction, radiative heat transfer also takes place in the gas flow. For computation of the radiative term in the gas energy equation, the radiative transfer equation (RTE) is solved numerically by the discrete ordinate method (DOM). The effect of lid driven speed on the thermohydrodynamic behavior of two-dimensional cavity is carried out. Results are shown as contours of isotherms, streamlines and distributions of convective and total Nusselt numbers along the bottom wall of cavity. It is revealed that increase in Reynolds number causes almost uniform temperature distribution in cavity, especially for 30° and 60° inclination angles.


With the UK leaving the EU, the Common Fisheries Policy (CFP) will no longer apply and an alternative legislative framework will need to be put in place, simultaneously navigating the devolved settlement. However, aspects of fisheries management fall under international negotiations, which is a reserved area, to the UK Government. Disagreements between the UK and Scottish governments over where the line between devolved and reserved lies in this matter has led to difficulties in formulating a post-Brexit fisheries framework. This dispute has exposed weaknesses in intergovernmental relations between the two governments.


Visual LinProg is an educational tool that solves linear problems (LPs), using animation and visualization techniques. The core of the proposed software includes the well‐known class of simplex type algorithms. This tool is a Web‐based software and hence platform independent. Visual LinProg was initially invented to be used in mathematical programming courses to supplement the teaching. The user‐student can solve his own general LPs, view the solution process step‐by‐step, and import or export his own examples in an easy way to read format. The solution process is covered scholastically through textual information and also the necessary steps from the pseudo code are depicted, using multiple views. In this study, we describe Visual LinProg and how it is used in educational purposes. Finally, we present an evaluation of the proposed educational tool. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 15: 1–14, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com); DOI 10.1002/cae.20084


We report the first observation of infrared photoluminescence from HgTe‐CdTe superlattices. A superlattice grown to have layers of HgTe 38–40 A thick and layers of CdTe 18–20 A thick is found to show a peak in the 140‐K spectra at 105 meV (11.8 μm). A second superlattice grown to have HgTe layers 50 A thick and CdTe layers 50 A thick is found to show a peak at 205 meV (6.0 μm) at 170 K. In both cases, the energy of the luminescence is significantly lower than that for HgCdTe alloys with the same average composition as each sample.


The introduction of knowledge of the different types of Western political regimes was the driving force for conceptual change in late Qing China. This essay focuses on the ideas of Jiang Dunfu and Wang Tao, analyzing the sources of their knowledge, their contribution to the introduction and growth of this knowledge in China, and how they used this knowledge to discuss the future of the monarchical regime of the Qing Empire.


The structure of the title compound, C15H21N3O6·H2O, is of interest with respect to assumed anticancer activity. The title molecules are linked through intermolecular O—H⋯O hydrogen-bonded chains along the a axis. These chains are connected by intermolecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds through the crystallographic screw axis along [010], forming layers, which are stabilized by other N—H⋯O bonds with water O atoms as acceptors and O—H⋯O bonds with water H atoms as donors. The H atoms of the protonated amino cation are also involved in intermolecular N—H⋯O bonding interactions.


A 5-year-old Holstein cow was referred to the Veterinary Medicine Hospital, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran, with abnormal estrous cycle. At rectal palpation, the unilateral ovary enlargement was detected. On transrectal ultrasonography view, the left ovary had uniformly hyperechogenic areas. The affected ovary was removed by ovariectomy and sent for histopathological examination. Histopathological evaluation revealed fibroblastic cells producing collagen fibers and theca cells containing lipids. Based on histopathological features, diagnosis of fibrothecoma was confirmed. This case reports an extremely rare fibrothecoma in cow.


The invention relates to PTC-polymer connections and electrical PTC devices with higher voltage capacity and better electrical stability. Depending on the design of the component compound in low can be used to high voltage applications, of 6 volts to 240 volts.


The purpose of this study was to find out the effect of Gate-ball participation on activities of daily living and health promotion patterns of elderly women. The participation of this study 495 elderly people who were convenient sampling from the elderly residents in Korea. For accomplishing this study for analyzing the collected data were reliability analysis, descriptive analysis, one-way ANOVA correlation analysis, standard multiple regression analysis. From the analysis of this study, the following conclusions were obtained: First, there is statistical difference of group(Gate-ball and Leisure sports and non activity) in daily living and health promoting patterns. Second, the participated in Gate-bal participation of elderly women positively affected the activities of daily living and health promoting patterns. Third, each of the participation duration and participation period and participation frequency positively affected the activities of daily living and health promoting patterns.


Science teacher knowledge and skills have been thoroughly discussed by researchers; however, less is known about how teachers themselves conceptualise their professional qualities. We asked first and final-year pre-service science teachers and in-service physics teachers to describe the knowledge and skills needed to be a good science/physics teacher. Data was collected through a one-item questionnaire, followed by interviews. Using thematic coding with inductively defined codes as well as codes derived from theoretical perspectives on teacher knowledge and skills (notably the Refined Consensus Model of PCK), we found that all respondent groups emphasised science content knowledge as important. In-service teachers also often described external factors such as working conditions. First-year pre-service teachers put more emphasis on pedagogical skills and personality traits, whereas final-year pre-service teachers expressed a more integrated view of science teacher knowledge and skills. Further, we discuss the need for teacher education to focus on integrating science content knowledge and pedagogical knowledge through articulating aspects of PCK, and on giving pre- and in-service teachers arenas for professional development and for research-based discussions of teaching and learning.


The vehicles spreading system are used on the electric vehicles on the battery vehicles in hybrid electric vehicles. The battery inverters on the converters motor on the core technologies .the attempt to improve battery on the low voltage level DC-DC to converter. The AC TO DC conversion are modified by the isolated transformer. The DC-DC converter are maintained by the isolated technology. The grid battery technology are maintained by HVBs as an input source and supply power to the electronic devices and low voltage battery (LVB) in the vehicle. This system proposes an OBC-LDC integrated power unit (OLPU) to improve the power density through the circuit integration. The proposed system has advantages in the reduction of principal components of the power stage as well as high power density through a shared heat sink and mounting space. In addition the shared circuit reduces the cost by eliminating the automotive highpower cable that is necessary for the power flow between the OBC and the LDC in the conventional system. Moreover, the OLPU brings the structures and advantages of the OBC and LDC in conventional (x EVs) . International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics Volume 118 No. 2


Objective
To investigate effect of standardized nutritional assessment, intervention, and monitoring on nutritional status of patients with cystic fibrosis (CF).

Methods
We recruited 6 consecutive patients with CF diagnosed from June 2005 to June 2015 in Peking Union Medical College Hospital, all given nutritional assessment and intervention. The clinical data and nutritional status of the patients were analyzed. Four cases were followed up, and their compliance and effect of nutritional intervention on their nutritional status were evaluated.

Results
The mean age of diagnosis of the patients was (19±6) years. All the patients had recurrent onset of pulmonary infection and hypoxemia with varying degrees. The nutritional status was impaired in all the cases to different extent, with body mass index (BMI) of 3 patients under 20 years of age being lower than the third percentile of the standard growth curve for adolescents of the same age and sex. Mild microcytic hypochromic anemia existed in 2 cases, hypoalbuminemia in 2 cases (serum albumin <35 g/L in absence of liver or renal dysfunction), and decreased prealbumin level in 4 patients. The serum concentrations of Na, Cl, K, and Ca were approximately normal in all the 6 cases. Vitamin D level was detected in only 2 cases, all revealing vitamin D deficiency. High energy and high protein diet was suggested to all the patients, plus prescription of oral nutritional supplements for 5 patients. Diagnostic pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy (PERT) was performed in 3 patients who were suspected with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (PI), together with fat-soluble vitamins supplementation including vitamin D3. Four CF patients were followed up for 11 to 39 months, of whom 1 was lost to follow-up after 11 months. During the follow-up period, 3 patients had progressive weight loss or growth retardation, and the other one patient failed to increase body weight. Dietary review of the 3 patients with available follow-up data revealed that actual energy intake and protein intake were only 46.1%-65.9% and 44.1%-63.2% of recommendation levels, respectively. By enhancing dietary education and guidance in follow-up, nutritional status of the patients was improved.

Conclusion
Intensive nutrition management, standardized nutritional intervention and monitoring, dietary guidance or enteral nutrition adjustment may constitute critical measures for improving nutritional status of CF patients.

Key words:
Cystic fibrosis; Undernutrition; Micronutrients; Nutrition management


Paul Anderson is a researcher at the University of Edinburgh. He has a background in practical system administration and he is particularly interested in bridging the gap between theory and practice. His homepage is seems to have been a growing demand for practical system configuration tools but depressingly little progress. The recent arrival of virtual machines seems only to have increased the difficulties, as well as the need. However, the " programmable " nature of these " virtual infrastructures " made me wonder whether there was anything to be learned from the corresponding development of programming languages for the early computers. It seems that there are some very interesting analogies, but in the end, the problem might be sufficiently different that a good solution is not likely to be available for some time. In my early teens, I was fascinated by electronics. I've always liked creating things, and I could build devices that seemed to have a life of their own—even if they just played random musical notes or flashed colored lights. I met my first computer when I was around fifteen—we had a school trip to a local engineering firm that ran an Elliot 905, and I was hooked. We had a chance to write and run our own programs, and I remember writing Fortran code to do some numerical integration. The Fortran compiler had to be loaded off paper tape and followed by the source code. This then produced a paper tape of the object code, which you could run. The machine flashed its lights and hummed a tune as it moved the data around, then the answer came out on a teletype roll. Sometimes you could fix small errors by manually punching extra holes in the tape. I went on to work for ICL, a UK computer company formed in 1968, during the design of the 2900 series, learning more about hardware and how to program in machine code. But it was around 1979 before I actually got my hands on my own computer hardware—I built an Acorn System I from a kit, soldering in the chips and programming in hex. Then I started working with larger microprocessor systems that supported higher-level languages and more sophisticated software. This was an interesting time because the hardware was still simple enough that it was possible to understand the whole process. I designed and built a video framegrabber, including the …


We researched SF6/N2 reactive ion etching of silicon using Al mask. It was established, that Al mask prevent formation of polymeric layers and rate of etching is higher, than using photoresistive mask. Etching directionality amount to 20 units, selectivity - 400 units.


With the continuous development of internet technology, our country has entered the era of internet+, and in this background, the wide application of internet information technology in various fields has also made a certain impact on the development of society. And the education and teaching of colleges and universities under the support of information technology has also appeared a huge change, how to face a new challenge in the Internet+ era, and further innovation of teaching mode, is all colleges and universities need to focus on solving the problem. This paper analyzes the challenges facing the reform of law teaching in colleges and universities under the Internet+ era, and puts forward some concrete countermeasures, hoping to play some reference role for the relevant educators and improve the quality of law teaching reform. 1. Overview of New Decorative Materials Internet + education is a new teaching mode to deepen the educational reform in our country in a new period. By introducing the idea of Internet + into education and teaching, we can give full play to the main advantages of Internet information technology, adjust the teaching mode in an all-round way, create a good learning environment for students and improve the quality of education and teaching in colleges and universities. Therefore, in the process of reforming law teaching in colleges and universities, in order to better highlight the characteristics of the times and science of teaching reform, we should keep pace with the times, follow the pace of development of the times, use Internet plus thinking to rationalize the application in teaching, so as to better grasp the opportunity to deal with the challenges and improve the training quality of law professionals in colleges and universities [1]. Under the background of internet + times, it has a certain influence on the reform of law teaching in colleges and universities, and it can be expressed through different angles, and by exploring the application of internet + thinking in the reform of law teaching in colleges and universities, it can better construct a new teaching mode and promote the deepening development of teaching reform. Therefore, colleges and universities should explore and analyze effectively the situation and important role of Internet information technology and Internet + thinking in the reform of law teaching in colleges and universities under the background of Internet + era [2]. Figure 1 " Internet+" thinking 2020 Annual Conference of Education, Teaching and Learning (ACETL 2020) Copyright © (2020) Francis Academic Press, UK DOI: 10.25236/acetl.2020.033 147 And after the concrete practice, we can find that, first of all, Internet plus thinking can effectively improve the way of law teaching in colleges and universities. The application of internet information technology can make the transmission of relevant information more diversified, and it is very convenient and fast, obviously improve the speed of information dissemination, which can create a new teaching method for the reform of law teaching in colleges and universities, that is, to form a new teaching system that integrates the network digital teaching with the traditional teaching mode, which can effectively expand the learning space and learning platform of students and further improve the teaching effect. Secondly, Internet + thinking can provide abundant teaching resources for law teaching reform. Under the background of the Internet+ era, the integration degree of relevant information has been obviously improved, so teachers can use Internet information technology to integrate teaching resources effectively while carrying out the reform of law teaching, and expand the students' learning path and learning resources effectively, which can better meet the students' learning needs [3]. Finally, through the use of Internet plus thinking, it can also build a teaching platform with diversified characteristics for law teaching, so as to provide students with a variety of different legal knowledge and related learning methods. After applying Internet+ thinking, the supporting role of Internet information technology can be effectively brought into play, and then the relevant situation simulation training teaching can be carried out in law teaching, and the teaching activities can be optimized, so that students can effectively solve practical problems by applying their own knowledge in the process of practical training, cultivate students' professional accomplishment, and improve the quality of personnel training. Through the above points, we can know that Internet + thinking is of practical significance to the reform of law teaching in colleges and universities. Therefore, in the process of concrete teaching reform, relevant educators should also focus on applying Internet + thinking to create a new teaching model, improve the teaching effect, and create good conditions for students to learn. 2. The Challenges Facing the Reform of Law Teaching in Colleges and Universities in the " Internet Plus "Era With the advent of the Internet+ era, the reform of law teaching in colleges and universities has also had a very positive impact, and effectively promoted the smooth progress of law teaching reform. But from another level, we can find that as our country enters the Internet+ era, it also puts forward higher requirements for the reform of law teaching in colleges and universities, which also makes the reform of law teaching face a great challenge, so we should take effective countermeasures according to our own actual situation, so as to innovate a new teaching model, diversified education guidance to students, and improve the quality of teaching in an all-round way. Through the concrete analysis, we can find that due to the influence of the Internet+ era, the reform of law teaching in colleges and universities needs to face the following challenges [4]. First of all, the concept of law teaching in colleges and universities is relatively backward, in the application of Internet information technology is only superficial, not really play its advantages, the depth of teaching reform is also inadequate, and then can not create a perfect information teaching system. Secondly, the university law teaching model is relatively single, although the Internet information technology and so on have been applied in the specific teaching process, but in the process of reforming practice, many colleges and universities have not created the corresponding teaching system according to the application of information technology, which leads to the lack of comprehensive and systematic application of information technology and the failure to better play the main advantages of Internet +, which also makes the reform of law teaching in colleges and universities suffer some influence.


Using the [3+2] cycloaddition reaction of [HC≡C-GePh2-]2 (1) and a number of RCH2N3, this work described the synthesis of a series of novel heterocyclic digermanes, bitriazoles [1,4-C2HN3(CH2R)GePh2-]2, 2-12 (R = Ph, p-Tol, p-C6H4NMe2, p-C6H4OMe, p-C6H4Br, m-C6H4NO2, 2-Naphth, CH2-p-OC6H4CHO, CH2-p-OC6H4COOMe, CH2P(O)(OEt)2, COOEt), difficult to produce by other methods. The structural peculiarities of these compounds were studied in detail by NMR spectroscopy and by XRD analysis (for 6, 9 and 10). The properties of 1-12 were studied by UV/vis and luminescence emission spectroscopy, electrochemistry and DFT calculations, indicating an effective conjugation in their molecules.


In order to simulate ultra-large moment of inertia required by space station manipulator without mechanism interfere, a load equivalent rotational inertia simulation method based on parallel mechanism configuration and planet-gear increaser is proposed. According to the principle of equivalent dynamics theory, mathematic model of equivalent moment of inertia of shoulder joint and wrist joint is established. This method proves effective by mechanism and numerical simulation under different operating conditions, and relative simulation errors of inertia simulator meet allowable precision requirements with smaller mass and volume. Copyright © 2015 Binary Information Press.


Apparatus for providing additional effective length to the telescoping boom of a material handling apparatus is provided. A pivotable boom cradle is supported on an upper structure of the material handling apparatus. The boom cradle pivotally supports the base boom section by means of front and rear cradle arms. Front and rear straps are provided to attach the boom to the cradle arms. In addition, front stop blocks are provided intermediate the length of the base boom section while rear stop blocks are provided adjacent the trailing end thereof. In normal operation, bolts secure the front stop blocks to the front portion of the boom cradle. When it is desired to operate with an additional entended length of the boom, the material handling implement is imbedded in the ground, the bolts securing the front stop blocks to the boom cradle are removed and the bolts securing the front and rear straps to their respective cradle arms are loosened. The boom is then retracted which effectively causes the base section thereof to move forward toward the material handling implement while sliding on the front and rear cradle arms until the rear stop blocks engage the rear cradle arm. The bolts removed from the front stop blocks are secured between the rear stop blocks and the rear cradle arm and the bolts on the front and rear securing straps are tightened thereby readying the material handling apparatus for operation with an additional length of boom.


Citalopram is an antidepressant that has marketed in China,it is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRIs).Because of positive clinical efficacy and less adverse reaction,it is getting obtained more and more attention. This article reviews the absorption,distribution,metabolism and excretion of citalopram,the effects of age, gender, smoking, hepatic dysfunction and renal dysfunction on its pharmacokinetics,and the drug-drug interactions.


In this article methods and algorithms for predicting recommendations for MEMS designers communities are considered. Methods use the qualification profile of the of MEMS designers. The search for MEMS designers communities two stages. In the first stage, the MEMS designers communities are searched for qualification profile of the of MEMS designers. In the second stage, MEMS designers communities are searched for the vectors of rating profiles. A method for improving the accuracy of calculating the similarity coefficients in the method of collaborative filtering is considered.


A semiconductor device, a method for driving the same and a device thereof are provided to reduce power consumption and to increase a dynamic range regardless of unit pixels of 3 TR(Transistor)-formation and 4 TR-formation. An electric charge generating unit(32) generates signal electric charges in response to incident electronic waves. A floating diffusion(38) accumulates the signal electric charges. A transistor(42) for amplification generates signals according to the signal electric charges accumulated at the floating diffusion. A signal acquiring unit includes unit components having a reset transistor(36) resetting the floating diffusion. A driving control unit uses a control pulse progressing the floating diffusion at a reset level to increase an amount of electric charges accumulated at the floating diffusion.


Graphene-reinforced aluminum matrix nanocomposites were successfully synthesized through ball milling and powder metallurgy.The tensile strength and yield strength of graphene-reinforced aluminum matrix nanocomposites are remarkably enhanced by adding graphene nanoflakes(GNFs). Importantly,the ductility properties are remained excellently,which is firstly found in the second phase reinforced metal matrix nanocomposites.The microstructures were observed by OM,SEM and TEM method.And the tensile properties were tested.The results show that graphene nanoflakes are effectively dispersed and well consolidate with aluminum matrix,however,chemical reactions are not observed.The original structured characteristics of graphene nanoflakes are preserved very well.The average tensile strength and yield strength of nanocomposite are 454MPa and 322MPa,respectively, which are 25% and 58% higher than the pristine aluminum alloy at a nanofiller mass fraction of 0.3%,while the ductility increases slightly.The relevant mechanisms of strengthening and toughening enhancement are discussed on the base of 2Dand wrinkled structured properties of graphene nanoflakes.


We report on the abundances for 13 elements in CS 22183-015, the most metal-poor, s -process–rich star yet discovered. We measure [Fe/H and large overabundances compared to scaled solar values for 11 heavy ] p (cid:1) 3.12 elements with s -process origin. The low luminosity of the star suggests that it is a CH star, a giant that has accreted s -processed material from an evolved, very metal poor companion. We find a [Pb/Ba] value of 1.1 dex and, more generally, that the ratio of heavy to light s -process elements is larger than seen in the solar system. This result is consistent with theoretical expectations for the s -process in metal-poor stars. [Eu/La] is higher than predicted from the solar system s -process abundance ratios. We argue that the s -process in metal-poor stars is more efficient at producing Eu that in asymptotic giant branch stars of solar metallicity.


In this study, we draw on sexual field theory to examine the structural nature of metropolitan Chinese gay men's mobile dating practices in a polymedia environment where one can access an array of dating apps. We define structures of desire in the sexual field as not only the transpersonal valuations of desirability but also the dominance of particular desires that coordinate actors' expectations and practices. Based on interviews with 52 urban Chinese gay men, we discuss the differing structures of desire hosted by four dating apps: Aloha, Blued, Grindr, and Tinder. Our analysis indicates that factors such as design features of dating apps, marketing strategies of app companies, and internet regulations have shaped the structures of desire by unevenly distributing the platform access to users across social classes and territorial divisions and (dis)enabling particular communicative practices in collective sexual life to different extents. The distance-sorted display of nearby users contributes to the predominance of immediate hook-ups on Blued and Grindr, while the matching mechanism of Aloha and Tinder functions as a "speed bump" and nourishes users' expectations for lasting connections. As Blued is the most popular gay dating app on the heavily guarded Chinese internet market, the diversity of its users drives away many metropolitan middle-class gay men who only desire their own kind. In comparison, Aloha, Grindr, and Tinder, with smaller user bases, are more specialized sexual sites where the dominant currency of sexual capital reflects the form of the middle-class standard for "quality."


Sensor-based coverage uses sensor information to determine a path that passes a detector over all points in an unknown space. Our prior work in coverage prescribed a path for a circular robot of radius r to pass over all points in unknown spaces; in this case we set the detector range /spl delta/ to be equal to the robot's radius, r. Our prior work in Voronoi diagrams prescribed a path for a circular robot with infinite detector range (/spl delta/=/spl infin/) to pass its detector over all points in an unknown bounded space. This work combines these, results to consider "efficient" coverage with a finite-range detector with r</spl delta/</spl infin/. We define a new hierarchical decomposition with two types of cells: VAST and NARROW. In the VAST-cells, we treat the circular detector like a robot and re-use our critical point based coverage algorithm. In the NARROW-cells, since the obstacles are within the detector range, we effectively have an infinite-range detector, so the robot simply follows the Voronoi diagram. This paper proves that this approach ensures complete coverage with extended-range detectors, which includes a switching procedure from VAST to NARROW-cells.


This article is about diachronic development of borrowings in the lexicon of mechanical engineering. We examine a range of problems related to its linguistic and terminological character. Mechanical lexicon faces various problems pertaining to linguistic construction terms, as well as form-content relationships. To highlight the dynamic development of the lexicon, its analysis has begun prior to 1945 period because this is exactly the period of crystallization of this vocabulary closely linked with external factors. In this lexicon, there are a considerable number of foreign terms borrowed from different languages like Italian, French. These borrowings have played an important role in the formation of mechanical engineering terminology and despite the creation of Albanian terms they have created their own layer of specialized lexicon. DOI: 10.5901/jesr.2015.v5n2p81


This paper analyzes the persistence of firms' exporting behavior in a panel of West German manufacturing firms. Dynamic binary choice models allow us to distinguish between true and spurious state dependence in firm performance. Using random effects models as well as a recent fixed effect approach which imposes few restrictions on unobservables, we find robust evidence of state dependence in the current export status of firms. Unobserved permanent firm heterogeneity (" spurious state dependence ") is found to be less important than suggested by earlier studies. The existence of strong state dependence in exports has direct economic policy implications: if policy successfully turns non–exporters into exporters, the effect is likely to be lasting. Ulrich Kaiser wishes to thank the Centre for European Economic Research (ZEW), Mannheim, for its hospitality during the time this study was conducted. Both authors gratefully acknowledge helpful comments received at a Centre for Applied Microecono-metrics workshop, especially those from Bo Honore. Useful discussions with Georg Licht also led to improvements of this paper. We thank Ken Chay for sharing Gauss codes that we use in parts of this paper. Lastly, we would like to thank Bettina Peters, a member of the ZEW team that compiles the data set we used in this study, for data guidance and advice.


In this paper, we analyze the ℓ2-stability and the ℓ∞-stability of general discrete 2-D autonomous systems. The problem of ℓ∞-stability has not been studied before for general 2-D autonomous systems. We give a necessary condition for the ℓ∞-stability of discrete 2-D autonomous systems. We also give sufficient conditions for the ℓ2-stability and the ℓ∞-stability of discrete 2-D autonomous systems, which are easy to check.


Future (nonsuperconducting) linear colliders will require very high values of peak rf power per meter of accelerating structure. The role of rf pulse compression in producing this power is examined within the context of overall rf system design for three future colliders at energies of 1.0–1.5 TeV, 5 TeV, and 25 TeV. In order to keep the average AC input power and the length of the accelerator within reasonable limits, a collider in the 1.0–1.5 TeV energy range will probably be built at an x‐band rf frequency, and will require a peak power on the order of 150–200 MW per meter of accelerating structure. A 5 TeV collider at 34 GHz with a reasonable length (35 km) and AC input power (225 MW) would require about 550 MW per meter of structure. Two‐beam accelerators can achieve peak powers of this order by applying dc pulse compression techniques (induction linac modules) to produce the drive beam. Klystron‐driven colliders achieve high peak power by a combination of dc pulse compression (modulators) and rf pul...


The invention relates to the localized adaptation of an intelligent unit. An object of the invention is to provide a way by which particular on non-networked intelligent units a page based on the specific application and / or the respective installation configuration and / or parameterization of intelligent devices to ensure a safe and therefore easy assignment essentially without further steps is given. According to the invention for adapting an intelligent unit, a defined application and / or a defined location a configuration device (21, 22, 24, 25) assigned, in which the application and / or location-based configuration data and / or behavior descriptive data can be stored, so that data from the configuration device (21, 22, 24, 25) to a logic for processing data for configuration and / or parameterization of the intelligent unit (11, 12, 13, 14, 15) are transferable.


The new version Internet Protocol IPv6 is replacing the IPv4 gradually,and dealing with the transition of IPv4/IPv6 becomes pressing.In this paper,the NAT-PT transition technology is researched,a transition approach of the basic Internet services,which is based on NAT-PT,is analyzed,and a prototype system for achieving the transition is implemented.The test results show that the approach could fulfill the requirement of practical application.