The development status of thin film solar in China,Japan and America is revealed based on the patents sourced from SIPO and WIPO between 1990 and 2010.This work compared patent number changes by year,regional distribution,patent applicants and inventors,core technologies of thin film solar in three countries from competitive environments,competitors and competitive technologies.The result shows that patenting behavior of China differs greatly from that of Japan and America.This paper provides valuable competitive intelligence for domestic field of thin film solar.


Theory of repression Freud insisted that the psychoanalytic enterprise was scientific. He called its theoretical core, particularly the theory of repression, "the cornerstone on which the whole structure of psychoanalysis rests," and Dr Grunbaum agrees that the credibility of psychoanalysis hinges on the validity of this theory. Some psychoanalysts familiar with Dr Grunbaum's work object that the notion of repression as the cornerstone of the theory is too narrow or dated. "He's writing about a view that is no longer current," said Mardi Horowitz, a psychoanalyst at the University of California Medical School at San Francisco. "No one asumes any more that if a patient in psychoanalysis simply lifts the repression he gets better. There's much more to it." Others observe that there is no, ready agreement among psychoanalysts on the key propositions of the theory that should be tested. Dr Grunbaum stated his philosophical critique in "The Foundations of Psychoanalysis," published last fall by The University of California Press. He will elaborate his arguments in February at the University of St Andrews in Scotland, where he will give the Gifford Lectures. Dr Grunbaurn is careful to point out that his philosphic objections to psychoanalysis do not mean that people should not go into psychoanalysis. "As long as there is therapeutic gain a client is well served, even if we don't know why," he said. "I'd be the last to tell people not to see a psychoanalyst." Dr Edelson, the Yale psychoanalyst, said, "I agree that we psychoanalysts need to meet scientific standards." In his recent book, "Hypothesis and Evidence in Psychoanalysis," published by the University of Chicago Press, Dr Edelson argues that Dr Grunbaum is wrong about the methods that can be used to put psychoanalysis on a scientific footing. At issue is the question of whether evidence from the analytic session itself can be used to support the theory's validity. The vast bulk of psychoanalytic literature, from Freud on, is based on such data. Freud, Dr Grunbaum said, asserted repeatedly that the core of his theory was validated by evidence "originating on his office couch and in his self-analysis." , ' There lies another part of the trouble, Dr Grunbaum said. Evidence taken from the psychoanalytic session is "quite suspect," in his words, since "causal connections between, for example, childhood episodes and adult neurosis cannot be established solely within the treatment setting, if at all." Moreover, the analyst might somehow influence the patient to produce exactly what the analyst hoped to find. Dr Grunbaum said that, for the most part, only evidence gathered from studies outside the psychoanalytic session can cogently test the theory's major precepts. Dr Edelson acknowledges that clinical data are often contaminated by such influences, but, he argues that it is not inevitably so. Dr Grunbaum, Dr Edelson argues in his book, has gone too far in ruling out data from the psychoanalytic session.


Variation in fire severity strongly influences post-fire forest development. The resulting fine scale forest heterogeneity could impact biodiversity over long periods after fire events. In the James Bay area of northern Québec, differential seed mortality caused by high and low crown fire severity resulted in dramatic variation in regeneration density of both jack pine and black spruce. Sixty years after such fire event, we show that composition of lichen and carabid assemblages varied significantly between areas of high (c. 2600 stems/ha) and low (c. 560 stems/ha) stem density established by differential crown fire severity. The carabids, Notiophilus semistriatus and Miscodera arctica, were found in low stem density areas while Carabus taedatus and Pterostichus brevicornis were found in high stem density areas. Amount of bare ground was higher in low stem density area which may favor active visual diurnal hunters such as Notiophilus species. Cladonia rangiferina and C. stellaris were associated with high stem density area while C. uncialis and C. mitis were associated with low stem density area. This likely reflects the fact that photosynthetic rate of C. rangiferina is optimal under shady areas whereas C. uncialis is better adapted to hot, dry and sunny conditions. Thus, variation in fire behavior led to long-lasting variation in forest conditions that clearly affected both lichen and carabid assemblages even 60 years after fire.


Permeable portions of a subterranean formation are temporarily plugged by driving a foam formed by inter acting an aqueous surfactant solution and dense fluid carbon dioxide into the permeable portions of the for mation. In an embodiment of the invention the aqueous surfactant solution and the dense fluid carbon dioxide are introduced into the formation by sequential slug injections of the foam generating compositions. In an other embodiment oil is displaced from an oil-bearing underground formation by plugging more permeable portions of the formation as described above, introduc ing a drive fluid into the formation and producing re covered oil and drive fluid from a well penetrating the formation.


It is shown here that when terahertz sonic waves strike on an atomic nucleus they can produce the fission of the nucleus. This fact can be now checked in practice since recently it was developed an acoustic device called a SASER that is the first to emit sonic waves in the terahertz range.


This study aims to identify the relationship between factors of job characteristics and organizational commitment among employees working at CMS Cement Sdn. Bhd. The main objectives of this study are to determine the degree of employee's
organizaional commitment, the factors that influence employee's commitment to the organization, and to determine the dominant factor(s) that influence
organizational commitment. The independent variables of this study consist of the factors of job characteristics and the selected demographic characteristics. The factors of job characteristics studied included skill variety, task significance, task identity, task autonomy, and task feedback whereas the selected demographic characteristics included gender, age, and length of service. A total of 100 employees from all of the employees who are working at CMS Cement Sdn. Bhd were selected as the respondents for this study using simple random sampling. All the relevant data was collected through distribution of questionnaire. The data were then processed and analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences. The tests that were involved in this study include Independent sample t-Test, Two-way ANOVA, Pearson Correlation and Simple Regression. From the research findings, it showed that the employees of CMS Cement Sdn Bhd have a moderate level of organizational commitment. Besides, findings also showed that there is no significant different between employees of various demographic characteristics in terms of their organisational commitment. However, the findings indicated that there is a significant relationship between factors of job characteristics and organisational commitment where task identity is the dominant factor that influence organisational commitment among employees in CMS Cement Sdn Bhd. As a conclusion, this study is important for the organization to understand the significant relationship that exist between factors of job characteristics and organizational commitment. It also create awareness on the importance of implementing organizational commitment among employees in increasing productivity and achieving organizational goal.


We describe a system architecture for smart homes to support the long-term care of people with special needs. Our system is designed to track and analyze the behavior of residents at multiple time scales and to provide reports and alerts to the caregiving staff. Activity analysis is based on a heterogeneous sensor set which provides different types of information at a variety of locations in the home. The system architecture includes a smart home engine for local sensor management and analysis plus a cloud-based analytics engine.


The study was based on the gender perspectives in rice farming in one of the most intensive rice producing area of Eastern India, i.e. Balasore district of Odisha state. Information was collected from 240 randomly selected small and marginal farm women through a well structured interview schedule during 2011. Difference in role perception of farm women and their counterparts in rice farming was analysed. The significant difference in perception about various operations found among the farm women and their husbands was proved to have an impact upon their participation in rice farming. Among the independent variable education, was negatively correlated with the participation of farm women in rice farming while economic and social orientation of farm women were found having a positive significant correlation. Further 82.44 per cent of the combined contribution of all the independent variables was found significant in predicting the participation of farm women in rice farming. Therefore, it is recommended that socio-economic orientation of farm women must be improved in rice farming in order to get rid of discrimination against the farm women.


The relationship between birth order, family size, and assertiveness was investigated for 140 college students. No significant differences on assertiveness among the males categorized for birth order and family size were found. Female firstborns and females from families with 3 or fewer siblings were significantly higher in assertiveness scores than laterborn females and females from larger families. Sex-role identification stressing assertiveness was used to explain lack of differences among males. The newer emphasis on sex roles stressing achievement and assertive behavior was a possible explanation for differences among females related to ordinal position and family size.


Quantitative analysis of glycolysis regulation in Lactococcus lactis: from gene to enzyme. Transcripts of the sequenced genes encoding enzymes of central metabolism of Lactococ- cus lactis have been quantified using slot blot technology. Methods of quantification and data anal- ysis were optimised to obtain a quantitative approach with high sensitivity. Transcript and enzy- matic activity profiles were compared with regard to the carbon source (glucose or galactose), on two different synthetic culture media. Lactococcus lactis / transcript / enzyme


Research on underwater sensor networks is growing more and more important in marine areas, among which sensor localization has recently gained widely research attention. However, the existing algorithms still can not achieve both reliability and efficiency in three dimensional underwater space. To address this issue, we present a novel underwater network sensor localization approach based on distance transform-based skeleton extraction. In our design, the success rate of sensor localization keeps steady and high in most cases. At the same time, the extracted skeleton is robust to boundary noise. Extensive simulation results based on shallow-water acoustic network reflect the validity of our method.


The changes in the feeding of one-year old perch along with the diurnal dynamics of catches by gillnet were followed in the transitional inshore-offshore zone of the Alexander Stamboliiski Reservoir (North Bulgaria). Perch with length 88.4 ′ 1.8 mm was fed almost exclusively with plankton crustaceans. In the course of the studied period specific diurnal changes were noted in both the feeding intensity and food composition of age-1 perch caught at different distances from the shore. The results obtained suggest the foraging activity as a leading factor for the changes in the spatial distribution of fish in the offshore-inshore section studied mainly in early morning hours. During the greatest part of the 24-hour period the peculiarities of spatial distribution and movements of zooplanktivorous perch reflect predominant defensive motivation of fish.


With the rapid development of urban expressway construction, there are some problems in the actual operation process, which leads to the traffic efficiency not reaching the expected level. Due to the long-term and large amount of actual data is difficult to obtain, this paper uses the method of combining actual data and simulation to explore the traffic operation law of urban expressway weaving area, analyzes the factors affecting the traffic efficiency of weaving area, and applies the variable speed limit guidance control method based on DQN algorithm, which can effectively improve the traffic efficiency of urban expressway weaving area.


Since the early 1990s a number of factors have accelerated the pace of change in the global retirement landscape: growth in aging populations; Social Security systems under strain; inadequate financial preparation for retirement by many workers; exponentially increasing health care costs; and the continuous shift from defined benefit (DB) to defined contribution (DC) retirement plans. In recent years, many countries have undertaken pension reform initiatives that have focused on individual choice and self reliance in retirement planning. With these reforms has come a desire for a more complete understanding of decision making and the role of behavioral economics in the preparation and execution of a sound retirement plan.


The idea of ductile flow beneath the Tibetan Plateau is widely accepted.However,there is a dispute on the way and speed of the lower crustal flow.Surface motion has direct measurements such as GPS,and mantle movement has indirect methods such as Swave splitting.As to the lower crustal movement,there is no direct observation,so that numerical analysis is very important.In this paper,we constructed a 3-D spherical viscoelastic finite element model of the Tibetan Plateau to simulate the crustal flow pattern.By fitting GPS data and comparing different models,we considered that the eastward flow of the ductile lower crust in the Tibetan Plateau has been resisted by the Sichuan Basin,a channel exists in the south-eastern corner of the plateau,and similar channels of substances do not exist on the northeast corner of the plateau.The lower crust moves several milimeter faster than the upper crust,the corresponding viscosity of the lower crust was between 1018~1019 Pa·s.


Bibliotherapy is a therapeutic tool for helping children deal with stressful events. Bullying and peer victimization is commonly experienced by children and has been associated with psychosocial maladjustment. However, research suggests that particular coping strategies may be more or less effective. As stories are one avenue through which children learn about and explore possible coping strategies, this study examined 73 storybooks aimed at children ages 4–11 for bullying type (verbal, physical, and relational), settings in which the bullying occurred and coping strategies used by fictional victims. Assessed coping strategies included nine categories and 26 specific strategies. Results indicated that the most commonly used coping strategy categories included both adaptive (prosocial response, advice seeking, distancing) and maladaptive (revenge-seeking) categories. The most frequently promoted coping strategies were bystander-intervention (16%), befriend-the-bully (15%), trick-the-bully (11%), scare-the bully-(10%), and verbal-confrontation (10%). Differences in the strategies presented across reading level of the books were also found. Results are discussed in light of current research on coping and bullying, and implications for clinicians and school staff conducting bibliotherapy to address bullying.


The dynamical influence of Jupiter-sized planets still embedded in protostellar disks is studied by means of numerical simulations. The three-dimensional structure of the disk is fully taken into account. Assuming a disk mass of 3.5 × 10-3 M☉ within 2 and 13 AU, typical values for the vertical thickness H/r = 0.05 and viscosity of the disk α ≈ 4 × 10-3, we find for the mass accretion rate onto the planet a value of 6 × 10-5 MJ yr-1 and for the migration timescale a value of 105 yr. These results are in excellent agreement with previously obtained results from two-dimensional calculations of infinitesimally thin disks. We argue that this agreement is to be expected if the vertical height of the disk is similar or smaller than the size of the Roche lobe of the embedded planet. Three-dimensional models having a lower planetary mass or different H/r values display small deviations from two-dimensional results.


1563 Background: Annual breast MRI screening as an adjunct to mammography has been recommended for BRCA1/2 mutation carriers, their first-degree relatives, and women with >/= 20% lifetime risk. The long term psychological impact of intensive (MRI) screening of women at high-risk of breast cancer (HRW) is unknown.

METHODS
Longitudinal study of 217 high risk women (48% BRCA1/2 positive; 33% personal cancer history; 88% white; mean age 44 YO) undergoing annual mammography, plus semi-annual breast MRI. High risk women reported anxiety (STAI), depression (Beck), and mental health quality of life (SF-36) semi-annually from baseline to 30 months. Cross-sectional between-group differences were assessed by t-tests. With-in and between group longitudinal changes evaluated by random-effects regression analysis.

RESULTS
For high risk women, baseline levels of anxiety, depression, and mental health quality of life were significantly lower than population norms (p =0.043; p< 0.01; p< 0.01), and level s of anxiety, depression and general mental health improved significantly from baseline to 30 months (p<0.01; p= 0.04, p< 0.01). Anxiety declined significantly for women with a BRCA2 (p < 0.01) or unknown mutation status (p < 0.01), and most significantly for women with a cancer history (p <0.01). Additionally, depression decreased significantly for women with a cancer history (p = 0.02) or a BRCA1 mutation (p =0.01).

CONCLUSIONS
Over 30 months, multiple mental health indicators improved significantly for high risk women undergoing intensive multi-modality breast cancer surveillance. Data suggest surveillance programs including breast MRI for cancer survivors, and women with a BRCA1/2 mutation or unknown mutation status might have a positive impact on their psychological well-being. Ongoing analyses over 60 months will inform durability and long term implications of these results.


Michal (Miki) Kehati's paintings, collages, and prints, with their dense layering of images and bold, frenetic designs, are born of a profound engagement with her Yemenite heritage, the rich artistic traditions of her forebears, and a thoroughly contemporary sensibility. Coming from a traditional background where "the women were always cooking and talking in the kitchen and the men worked with tools and materials," she seems consciously to have chosen the "man's path." "My family came to Israel from Yemen," says Kehati, "and we settled in and around Jerusalem, city of diversity -of population, of architecture, with so many periods and influences, and with its special perfume of antiquity, lying on the ancient spice road from orient to Occident." Kehati was born and raised in Israel; the significance of that "we" lies in how her art mirrors that journey, with its upheavals of immigration and resettlement. In addition to the influence of her grandparents and parents, who were craftspeople, artists, and, most importantly, independent thinkers, she credits the late Dan Zaif, the "brilliant, free-spirited, high school director and mentor" who first taught her art history, and the studio classes she took as a youth at the Israel Museum with encouraging her development as a serious artist. Kehati speaks proudly of her late mother, Yona Kehati, an interior designer who was a commander in the army in the 1950s, when this was not common for women. After her own mandatory army service, Miki, disenchanted with Israeli politics of the early 1980s, left for New York. She attended the Art Students' League, waitressed, cleaned houses, and worked in art galleries. Over the course of three years, step by step, she put together a portfolio and finally achieved her goal of attending the prestigious School of Visual Arts.


High resolution differential scattering cross‐section measurements for Na–Hg were made using the method of crossed molecular beams. The experimental arrangement, which has a resolution Δυ / υ in the relative velocity of better than 2%, is described. The measured differential scattering cross‐section curves show up to eight rainbows. The interaction potential between 3 and 9.5 A was determined from these data by using the inversion procedure described in Part I. The potential well depth is 8.79 × 10−14 erg, and the minimum is at 4.72 A. The shape of this potential deviates significantly from that of the simple multiparameter potentials commonly used.


Introduction: The success of womanhood culminates to its zenith in motherhood. Even today Indian society, predominantly feudalistic in nature,
attaches tremendous importance to motherhood. Instances are ample where women have been compared to land and fertility have been considered
to be an intrinsic quality shared by both these "assests" which men own. The media ashes women of today delivering an exhuberant smile and
claiming that their ultimate success has been attained when they have become mothers. Aims: Visualization of anatomy of uterus, fallopian tubes
and ovaries and Detection of pelvic tuberculosis, a disease still very much prevalent in our country. Materials and Methods: The present study
was prospective study. This Study was conducted from August 2021 to July 2022 at SKIMS Medical College and Hospital. Result:
Chromotubation ndings showed tubal block (unilateral and bilateral) in 24 cases (45.29%) and healthy patent tubes in 29 cases ( 54.71%). In a
number of cases coexistence of adhesion, endometriosis and tubal pathology has been noted. Conclusion:As laparoscopy is an invasive procedure
and requires general anaesthesia , it is not free of complications, but if done by a skilled person in a proper set-up the complications are minimum.


The extraordinary revolution in health care informatics that occurred in the final decade of the 20th century was fuelled by two things: first, the sheer volume of information, both scientific and nonscientific, that had been produced; second, the development of tools that allowed the more rapid,


This paper puts forward a new analysis of equitable property rights. It is argued that such rights are best understood not as property rights (rights against things) nor as personal rights (rights against persons) but rather as rights against rights. This analysis has conceptual and practical consequences. Conceptually, it shows that English law does not contain two competing sets of rules about property rights, one arising at common law and the other in equity. Practically, it explains a number of features of the law relating to equitable property rights as well as showing how such rights could function in civil law systems.


Recognizing the importance of nuclear license renewal to the nation's energy strategy, the Department of Energy (DOE) initiated a plant lifetime improvement program during 1985 to determine the feasibility of the license renewal option for US nuclear plants. Initial activities of the DOE program focused on determining whether there were technical and economic obstacles that might preclude or limit the successful implementation of the license renewal option. To make this determination, DOE cosponsored with the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) pilot-plant efforts by Virginia Electric Power and Northern States Power. Both pilot-plant efforts concluded that life extension is technically and economically feasible. In parallel with the pilot-plant activities, DOE performed national economic studies that demonstrated the economic desirability of life extension. Having demonstrated the feasibility of life extension, DOE, in conjunction with EPRI, selected two lead plants to demonstrate the license renewal process. These lead plants are Yankee Atomic's Yankee Rowe facility and Northern States Power's Monticello facility. DOE also initiated activities to develop the technical and regulatory bases to support the license renewal process in the United States. DOE has recently identified nuclear plant license renewal to be an important element of its National Energy Strategy. This paper summarizesmore » the significant results, conclusions, and ongoing activities of the DOE effort. 18 refs.« less


The objective of this study was to investigate how the implementation of the flipped classroom in improving students' reading skills. This research was conducted using the Classroom Action Research (CAR) method that uses four phases according to the Kemmis and McTaggart model which includes planning, action, observation, and reflection. The subjects of this study were 18 students of class 10 science 1 SMAN 19 Kabupaten Tangerang. The data gathered in this study through observation sheet, interviews, and tests. The findings of the study found that the implementation of the flipped classroom succeeded in improving students' reading skills in which the average score of students who reached the minimum completeness criteria that students obtained an average score of 77.33 in the post-test cycle 2 compared to the pre-test score in which most of the students did not meet the minimum completeness criteria. This study also found that the implementation of the flipped classroom had a positive impact on student learning participation.
Keywords: Classroom Action Research; Flipped Classroom; Reading Skills


In her study, "Women's Participation in the Yukon Labour Force," Maureen Jensen suggests that women's positior in the labour force is greatly improving. The projected heavy indust r i a l development of the Yukon w i l l create many challenging opportunities and the onus i s now on women to respond to them. However, i t i s my impression that no radical change in employers' attitudes to women has taken place in the Yukon, and consequently few dramatic changes in the realities of the workplace are likely to occur.


Let us consider first the temporal dependence of the electric field neglecting its spatial and polarization dependence, i.e., E(x, y, z, t) = E(t). A complete description can be given either in the time or the frequency domain. Even though the measured quantities are real, it is generally more convenient to use complex representation. For this reason, starting with the real E(t), one defines the complex spectrum of the field strength Ẽ(Ω), through the complex Fourier transform (F):


The intention in this paper is to review the use of model and metaphor in one social science, social anthropology; to come in this context to a better understanding of the working distinction between these terms; and finally to appraise their usefulness and comprehensiveness for this discipline.


Impact of ATP Reconduction on AF Recurrence. Introduction: Adenosine can be associated with acute recovery of conduction to the pulmonary veins (PVs) immediately after isolation. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether the response to adenosine predicts atrial fibrillation (AF) recurrence after a single ablation procedure in patients with paroxysmal AF.


Sand management has become in one of the most vital factors in today's upstream oil and gas industry, more and more are the cases where the sand control systems play an important factor to determine the economic viability of each project. This paper will focus in a solution for sand problems in ESP systems applying to sand slug breakdown using a 10 V-Mesh Sand Screen to homogenize the solid inflow in the system so it would be easier to handle the solids through the ESP's stages. The implementation of the screen intake for the homogenization of solids in an ESP well allowed to efficiently manage sand slugs, improving the pump efficiency and avoiding blocking problems in the pump caused by sand. Furthermore, the system allows increasing the frequency of operation of the ESP motor to have a greater drawdown, increasing the production of the fluid from 1600 BFPD to 1800 BFPD. The behavior of the sensor data such as vibration, current, and voltage remained stable throughout the period evaluated, extending the run life of the system.


The product-service system (PSS) is an emerging manufacturing paradigm embracing the increased value of offering through the integration of products and services as a basis of competitive strategy. The PSS has various characteristics beyond the traditional product-selling businesses as a result of intense customer interactions and increased service levels. These interactions can further trigger the dynamic behaviour of the system and consequently can cause uncertainties across the whole network of manufacturers and customers. The work described in this paper is part of a research project whose overall goal is to provide the manufacturing system designers with better decision making capabilities to effectively shift their manufacturing businesses from product selling to PSS offering. In particular, this paper aims to capture typical characteristics exhibited by manufacturers who have adopted PSS, to better understand their dynamic behaviour, to have appreciation of the existing techniques and tools for modelling PSS, and ultimately to search for PSS model parameters. The main contribution of this paper is the collation of key model parameters that should be considered for an effective PSS modelling. The paper also identifies strengths and weaknesses within the existing PSS modelling work, and highlights the opportunities for future research agenda.


The study examined the responsiveness of credit risk parameters on the financial performance of deposit money banks in Nigeria and Botswana for a period of ten (10) years spanning 2010 to 2019 using longitudinal panel data and ex-post facto research design. The study used return on assetsto measure financial performance while non performing loans, capital adequacy risk, liquidity risk and loan loss provision were used as proxies for credit risk management. Secondary sources of data were obtained from twenty (20) quoted deposit money banks in Nigeria and Botswana and were analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation, variance inflation factor and panel regression analyses. The results from regression analysis showed that credit risks had a negative and significant effect on return on assets of deposit money banks in Nigeria while a positive and significant effect was also documented for Botswana banks all at 5% level of significance. On the other hand, capital adequacy risk, liquidity risk and loan loss provision have insignificant effect on both banks.. Findings suggest that banks should strike a proper balance between credit risk managementstrategies and financial performance by engaging in appropriate credit and liquidity risk management practices that will ensure safety for their banks and yield positive profits. Therefore, in order to reduce non performing loans (NPL), deposit money banks in Nigeria and Botswana should evaluate the potential risk that may cause the borrower to default on its loan obligation.


In order to improve the efficiency and precision of velocity detection of High voltage circuit breaker(HVCB),a detection method based on ultrasonic sensor is proposed.The TR40 series of ultrasonic transducer is adopted to generate ultrasonic signals.The emission sensor is fixed on the breaker's closing/opening connection rod while receiving sensor installed in the universal triangular bracket.By measuring the frequency difference between emission signals and receiving signals,instantaneous velocity of the current circuit breaker operation can be calculated.Furthermore,a mechanical characteristic detection instrument for HVCB is developed.Field test results show that the ultrasonic sensor is convenient to be installed and the results has high accuracy and small uncertainty,which satisfies the field test requirements for velocity detection of HVCB.


A map made by F. N Hayward showing the location of the Lower Palaeolithic site of Baker's Hole, found in the Hayward Archive stored by the British Museum at Franks House, shows that the site was not at the location suggested by modern authors. The new location, near some remnant Pleistocene deposits, opens the possibility of using modern techniques to date the archaeological material recovered from the site in 1909.


together are particular neoliberal social processes, from the experiments carried out in asylum and detention (privatisation and out-sourcing) that are being unfurled across the welfare state, to the media labelling of certain groups as 'scum' and the response from those labelled. The political here is not just about opposing claims made through language but about bodies being punished which then fight back. These are visceral, fleshy, revolting subjects. Take for example Abas Amini, who stitched up his eyes and lips in protest against his treatment as an asylum seeker. Tyler interprets this act as a seizing and re-animation of a dispossessed state. He seizes the language of the body where words have failed ('transforming his abjection into political speech', p. 101). Unusually, alongside these discussions of the 'asylum seeker invasion complex' the book also addresses processes of class-making. Tyler argues that not only has an underclass been made abject but class politics themselves have become abjectified. Thus, in 2004 we were in the strange situation where class politics is proclaimed irrelevant in a media climate when representations of an unruly underclass are ubiquitous and 'chav' is the Oxford English Dictionary word of the year. Following Ranciere's concept of class as a homonym (meaning both the grouping together of people assigned a particular status according to origins, and class as a form of struggle), Tyler argues for the centrality of struggle to the formation of class, not least the struggle against classification. The recent Great British Class Survey aimed to use people's answers about their own behaviour, assets and occupation to generate a system of classification that speaks of what class is now. What Tyler reminds us is that contemporary class is not only about the classification of a group but also struggles about who gets to classify whom. This is a compelling and inspiring account of the state we're in. This book is essential reading for those working on class, immigration, cultural studies and social justice. And for those interested in changing the status quo, hope in this book lies in small acts of revolt.


High indium content In0.86Al0.14As/In0.86Ga0.14As double heterojunction bipolar transistors (DHBTs) were grown on InP substrates using thin 6.0 A metamorphic compositionally graded buffer layers. Good DC and RF characteristics have been demonstrated, with high gain (~30), breakdown voltage greater than 2.5 V, turn-on voltage reduction by a factor of two compared to existing InP bipolar technology, peak frequencies fT and fMAX exceeding 150 GHz (measured at low current without applying any voltage at the base-collector junction). Fully functional circuits with complexity ranging from 20 to 1100 transistors have been successfully demonstrated on thin 6.0 A metamorphic buffers, with power dissipation reduced by a factor of 2 compared to equivalent circuits designed with InP.


In the spring of 1990 the House of Commons voted in favor of reducing the time limits for an abortion from 28-24 weeks. In fact there were 335 votes in favor and 129 opposed for a clear majority of 206. 2 junior health ministers voted for time limits of 18 20 22 or 24 weeks. 24 weeks appeared to be the gestational age agreed upon by physicians. Earlier a 22 week limit passed narrowly by 46 votes Earlier debates centered around time limits of 18-28 weeks. This Human Fertilization and Embryology Bill amended the 1967 Abortion Act. Exceptions to the time limit included severe fatal abnormality or continuation of pregnancy placing the mothers health at grave risk. Antiabortion leaders in the House of Commons were expected to accept this decision and not try to reduce the time limit to 22 weeks at least not in this parliament. The antiabortion group may have damaged their cause by sending each member a plastic model of a lifesize 20 week old fetus. It even went so far as to claim that Britain had the most barbarous abortion laws in Europe allowing abortion up until birth for the disabled. Nevertheless the new time limit will probably not reduce the number of abortions. Some may even push to allow a single medical opinion for an abortion up to 12 weeks to encourage earlier abortions.


Black cumin (N. sativa; Ranunculaceae family) is well known for its numerous beneficial biological effects while its seed extracts exhibit anti-diabetic, anti-cancer, immunomodulatory, anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory, anti-hypertensive and antioxidant activities [1,2]. This study aimed to evaluate the phenolic and mineral contents, chemical composition and antioxidant activity of methanolic extracts from dried black cumin seed powder. Also, we have evaluated, after gastrointestinal digestion, the effect of phenolic components and their antioxidant activity by utilising an in vitro gastrointestinal digestion process. Black cumin showed high amounts of total phenolic and flavonoid contents (such as dihydroxybenzoic acid and ferulic acid) via HPLC analysis. Six mineral elements (Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Se, and Zn) were determined by using coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Twenty five (25) fatty acids (13 saturated, 7 unsaturated and 5 unsaturated omega fatty acids) were identified, by gas chromatography, with linoleic acid being the most abundant. In addition, black cumin methanolic extract presented higher antioxidant capacity measured by DPPH, FRAP and TEAC. Finally, dried black cumin powder was evaluated, after gastrointestinal digestion, with results indicating that phenolics, flavonoids and antioxidant capacity to be increased in the gastric fraction (1.81, 1.03 and 2.1-fold respectively) compared with the undigested methanolic extract. Moreover, a higher amount of total phenolic and flavonoid content as well as a higher total antioxidant capacity were found present in the gastric and elimination fraction than in the bio-accessible fraction (that represent the colon availability). Our results demonstrate a significant reduction in the quantity of phenolic (68%) and flavonoid (95.53%) compounds, after gastrointestinal digestion, in the bio-accessible fraction together with a decrease in total antioxidant activity suggesting that phenolic compounds are responsible for the observed antioxidant activity.
References

doi=pjbs.2004.441.451
doi:1016/S1875-5364(16)30088-7


SUMMARY Using a simple infection model the infection interaction of Steinernema feltiae (Site 76 strain) Filipjev and Galleria mellonella L. was investigated under laboratory conditions. The model analyses showed that the infection interaction was consistent with a proportion of the S. feltiae infective stages being infectious and, alone amongst the infective-stage population, being capable of infection. The investigation also showed that the infection behaviour of the infectious stages could be reduced to a slightly overdispersed probability of transmission. The importance of these findings with respect to the quantitative description and explanation of infection are discussed.


The target of the ESA’s HERA mission is asteroid 65803 Didymos (1996 GT), an Apollo-type near-Earth object (NEO). Didymos is a binary asteroid; the primary body has a diameter of around 775 m and a rotation period of 2.26 hours, whereas the secondary body (informally called Didymoon) has a diameter of around 165 m and rotates around the primary at a distance of around 1.2 km in around 12 hours.

Thermophysical properties of the uppermost surface govern the exchange of radiative energy between the asteroid and its environment, hence determine surface and subsurface temperatures.  These thermophysical properties are characterized by grain size, porosity, or packing of the surface materials.  Diurnal change in surface temperature show large variations in fine soils like sand and highly porous rock with low thermal inertia, and much smaller variations in in dense rock with high thermal inertia. Here we present a thermophysical model of Didymoon based on known, assumed and derived range of physical properties.  A parameter study has been carried out for surface temperatures assuming possible thermal inertia ranges.

Results from this study are used to investigate performance for Thermal Infrared instrument TIRA onboard HERA spacecraft. Hera is the European contribution to an international double-spacecraft collaboration. Due to launch in 2024, Hera would travel to the binary asteroid system. TIRA onboard HERA will be operating in the 8-14 µm wavelength range. It will be used for scientific analysis and to demonstrate the feasibility of using a TIR camera for GNC (Guidance, navigation and control). The main scientific output for TIRA is to determine the thermal inertia and thus the properties of the surface material.


Raman scattering and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to study the mechanism of metal-dusting corrosion of nickel and Alloy 601. The Raman bandwidths and the relative intensities of the 1330- and 1580-cm-1 bands are related to the crystallinity and defect structure of coke. Both Raman and XRD analyses suggest that there is a relationship between metal dusting and the catalytic crystallization of carbon. Coke cannot crystallize well by deposition from carburizing gases at low temperature without catalytic activation because of its strong C−C bonds and high melting temperature. Participation of nickel during the coke-crystallizing process tends to improve the crystallinity of the coke. At the same time, nickel particles are liberated from metal. A decrease in free energy from highly disordered carbon to well-crystallized carbon is the driving force of metal dusting.


The reliable detection of novel bacterial pathogens from next generation sequencing data is a key challenge for microbial diagnostics. Current computational tools usually rely on sequence similarity and often fail to detect novel species when closely related genomes are unavailable or missing from the reference database used. Here, we present the machine learning based approach PaPrBaG (Pathogenicity Prediction for Bacterial Genomes). PaPrBaG overcomes genetic divergence by training on a wide range of species with known pathogenicity phenotype. To that end we compiled a comprehensive list of pathogenic and non-pathogenic bacteria, using a rule-based protocol to annotate pathogenicity based on genome metadata. A detailed comparative study reveals that PaPrBaG has several advantages over sequence similarity approaches. Most importantly, it always provides a prediction whereas other approaches discard a large number of sequencing reads that are far away from currently known reference genomes. Furthermore, PaPrBaG remains reliable even at very low genomic coverages. Combining PaPrBaG with existing approaches further improves prediction results.


What this portrayal of absolute events shows is that, in high-risk cohorts under and 50 years of age or more, the numbers of prevented breast cancers over a 5-year period are small; the number of prevented events in women under 50 years of age markedly exceeds the number of unfavorable events (ignoring symptoms); the number of prevented events in women aged 50 years or more is marginally fewer than the number of unfavorable events (without or with the excess uterine cancer numbers); and 15%‐25% (depending on how one looks at the data on symptoms) of all treated women will have what they view as substantial toxicity. With breast cancer prevention, preclinical hormone receptor-positive lesions are treated; the prognosis is excellent for women with clinically diagnosed, small hormone receptor-positive cancers (4). While, in the P-1 study, no endometrial cancer deaths occurred, in the meta-analysis of adjuvant therapy with tamoxifen (4), an excess of endometrial cancer mortality was found.


This paper explores the morphosyntactic tools for text watermarking and develops a syntax-based natural language watermarking scheme. Turkish, an agglutinative language, provides a good ground for the syntax-based natural language watermarking with its relatively free word order possibilities and rich repertoire of morphosyntactic structures. The unmarked text is first transformed into a syntactic tree diagram in which the syntactic hierarchies and the functional dependencies are coded. The watermarking software then operates on the sentences in syntax tree format and executes binary changes under control of Wordnet to avoid semantic drops. The key-controlled randomization of morphosyntactic tool order and the insertion of void watermark provide a certain level of security. The embedding capacity is calculated statistically, and the imperceptibility is measured using edit hit counts.


Aiming at the combined effects of geometric spreading and pointing errors on space optical links, the bit error rate (BER) performance of the all鄄optical amplify鄄and鄄forward (AOAF) relaying high altitude platform(HAP)-GEO-HAP communication links was researched. The GEO-based satellite AOAF relaying HAP optical communication link was modeled. The statistical characteristics of the channel fading index and the strength of the noises were investigated when the background radiation and the amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) noises were considered. With the help of the obtained Q factor of the proposed link model, the expression of BER was theoretically derived. The relationship between the BER performance and the bit rate under different parameters such as the transmitted optical power, jitter standard deviation and the beam鄄width was analyzed by simulation. The results show that, the BER performance is obviously improved by increasing the transmitted optical power, reducing the jitter standard deviation or decreasing the beam鄄width when the bit rate is low. On the other hand, a slight 红外与激光工程 第 6期 www.irla.cn 第 46卷


There are various types of microstrip antenna that can be used for number of applications in wireless communication. In this paper, the design of Sierpienski fractal Slotted Hexagonal Microstrip Patch Antenna with FR4 glass epoxy substrate having dielectric constant, Er of 4.4, and thickness 1.6mm has been presented. It is instigated using stripline feeding. These antennas are compact, conformal to both the surfaces- planar& non-planar, simple, inexpensive, rugged, compatible with MMIC designs. Microstrip antenna is made up of a very thin metallic strip (patch) i.e, placed over a small fraction of a wavelength above a ground plane. The simulated results indicate that the antenna is suitable for RADAR (all types), GPS carriers, WLANs, Wimax, Satellite communication, navigation. The design is simulated using IE3D software and result is obtained in terms of smith chart, VSWR, return loss.


In the 1980s, Shandong Province took the lead in establishing breakthrough industrialized seedling raising and breeding technologies for Apostichopus japonicus and successfully led the 'fifth wave of mariculture' in China. In 2008, the experiment of 'raising sea cucumber from north to south' proved successful, and sea cucumber culture gradually radiated and extended to Fujian, Jiangsu, Guangdong, and Zhejiang Provinces in southern China. The total output of sea cucumber culture in Shandong Province accounts for more than 70% of the market in China, and the sea cucumber industry is now a pillar of the fishery economy in Shandong Province. This paper systematically introduces the development status of the sea cucumber breeding industry in Shandong Province in recent ten years, summarizes the current problems and challenges, and puts forwards development suggestions; this guidance has significance for the healthy and sustainable development of the sea cucumber breeding industry in both Shandong Province and the whole country.


The effects of climate change already impact production and the livelihoods of marginal farmers in the Terai of Nepal. Leasehold riverbed vegetable farming is an innovative agricultural technology maximizing marginal land use and contributing to increasing landless and land-poor household's food security. This study quantifies the economic, environmental, social, and technological sustainability of riverbed farming using an analytical framework for the assessment of agricultural technologies developed by SATNET Asia (Innovation Platform for Food and Nutrition Security). A case study of riverbed farmers in Kailali and Kanchanpur districts, Far-Western Nepal, validates riverbed farming as an economically, environmentally, socially, and technologically sustainable agricultural technology that increases marginal farmers' options for adapting to the effects of climate change.


Lax representations for the harmonic oscillator are used to construct the quantum counterparts of some 3d real Lie algebras. The Jacobians of these quantum algebras are studied.


The effect of hydroalcoholic extract of pistachio on anxiety and working Abstract Introduction: Pistachio its flavonoids and phenolic compounds. On the other hand, ovarian hormones such as estrogen have a neuroprotective effect, in the absence of which consequences, including inflammation, anxiety, learning, and memory disorders, are more severe. This study aims to evaluate the beneficial therapeutic effects of pistachio extract in ovariectomized rats. Materials and Methods: In the present study, 5 groups of female rats weighing 300-250 g were used. The groups included control, ovariectomy (OVX), ovariectomy+ DMSO, ovariectomy +10 mg/kg pistachio extract, and ovariectomy+100 mg/kg pistachio extract. In order to prepare the required extract, pistachio nuts were powdered (100 g) and macerated in 1 L of ethanol (80%) for 72 h. Pistachio extract was used orally once a day in ovariectomized rats for sixty days. Anxiety and working memory were evaluated by the Elevated plus-maze (EPM) and Y-maze tests. Results: The results showed that pistachio extract (more potentially at the dose of 100 mg/kg) decreased anxiety-like behaviors and increased working memory in the ovariectomized rats. Conclusion: The findings of the current investigation suggest that pistachio extract could be used as a potential strategy for the attenuation of ovariectomy-related manifestation.


A cDNA coding for human protein kinase CK1(Casein Kinase 1) has been isolated by screening human 18 weeks fetal brain cDNA library and sequenced. This new cDNA of 1 754 bp contains an open reading frame of 438 amino acids whose deduced molecular mass is 50 272 u and isoelectronic point is 9.37. The entire amino acid sequence of novel human CK1 is 94% homologous to that of rat CK1γ1, and their sequence in the kinase domain is almost completely identical, predicting that novel cDNA is for a human CK1γ1 isoform. Tissue expression profile analysis have indicated that the human CK1γ1 is high expressed among the liver, skeletal muscle, heart and kidney. The human CK1γ1 gene was mapped to chromosome 15q22 between STS marker D15S159 and D15S125 by polymerase chain reaction analysis of human/rodent hybrid cell panels.


Abstract As the emergent nations of Latin America struggled in the early nineteenth century to throw off the dead weight of Spanish and Portuguese imperialism, their quest for political independence ushered in a new era of economic and cultural links with the rest of Europe. Free at last from restrictive ties to Spain and Portugal, the new nations of the continent were at liberty to establish trade, investment and cultural links with partners of their choice. Keen to modernise their societies after centuries of stagnation under peninsular paternalism, the creole elites of Latin America looked abroad for appropriate models. While the Unites States and France seemed to furnish the most intriguing examples of modern statehood, it was Britain that exercised the greatest influence in the short term. This was due, in no small measure, to the close relations many of the independence leaders forged with Britain.


Abstract New measurements of Balmer lines in the central part of the Orion nebula have been made on the 6-m telescope. The generalized curve of the level population is compiled from the Balmer line and radio line measurements. A new approach to the problem of the anomalous Balmer decrement is proposed. The relative level populations obtained from our relative intensity measurements are referred to the theoretical population curve in the range of high principal quantum numbers n = 20-30. It provides matching of our populations with the level populations derived from radio recombination line observations and from high-n Balmer line measurements by Goad et al. (1972). However, the low-n level population proves to be much lower than the theoretical ones. When interpreting the results of the observations, the inhomogeneity of the population structure of the low-/ states is taken into account. The radiative transitions nd -2p is shown to play the main role in the Balmer line emission. Absorption from the metast...


HIGHLIGHT Updated and revised edition of a Manning classic and the only in-depth book on JUnit. Explains modern unit testing principles and the latest features in JUnit 4.5. DESCRIPTION Unit testing during software development, done properly, can mean the difference between a project's success and failure. JUnit in Action, Second Edition is an up-to-date guide to unit testing Java and Java EE applications using the popular JUnit framework and its extensions. Revised and updated from the best-selling original, the book provides techniques to help readers exploit JUnit 4.5. JUnit in Action, Second Edition summarizes many related open-source tools, offering a mature view of the unit testing field including strategies for EJB, database, and web applications. With real-world examples throughout, the authors demonstrate how to incorporate open source frameworks with JUnit, and explain test-driven development and other best practices for modern unit testing. KEY POINTS * Strong early demand through Manning's Early Access program (MEAP) * Covers latest JUnit 4.5 features including annotations, exception handling and assertion methods * Concise and developer-centric "In Action" style * Examples with AJAX applications, mock testing, test automation and more


Forests management design of the day focuses on protection as well as the sustainable use of forest values. The basic requirement of multi-objective forest management planning is identify  and quantify forest values and to determine management  objectives. The priorities of management objectives, however, must be decided. Decision support tools such as operation research techniques and GIS, therefore, have effectively been used in management planning process over the last decade. Designing spatial data base including graphical data such as stand map, soil map, road map and attribute data such as stand volume, increment, number of trees and determining forest values are necessary steps for preparing a comprehensive forest management plan. This study aims to; establish conceptual framework of Multi-objective planning and prepare forest values maps necessary for management planning by using multi-objective planning models.


Pistachio is one of the most economically important nut crops worldwide. However, there are no reports describing the chloroplast genome of this important fruit tree. In this investigation, we assembled and characterized the complete pistachio chloroplast sequence. The Pistacia vera chloroplast genome was 160,598 bp in size, similar to other members of Anacardiaceae (149,011–172,199 bp) and exhibited the typical four section structure, including a large single copy region (88,174 bp), a small single copy region (19,330 bp), and a pair of inverted repeats regions (26,547 bp). The genome contains 121 genes comprised of 87 protein-coding genes, 30 tRNA genes and 4 rRNA genes. Thirteen intron-containing genes were identified in the genome wherein two genes had more than two introns. The genomic patterns of GC content resembled those for other Anacardiaceae. P. vera displayed the highest number of simple sequence repeats (SSRs) among the genera studied, which may be useful for molecular marker development and future population studies. Amino acid analysis revealed that Leucine is the most frequent (10.69%) amino acid in the chloroplast genome followed by Isoleucine (8.53%) and Serine (7.77%). Cysteine (1.30%) and Tryptophan (1.74%) were the least frequent amino acids. Phylogenetic analysis revealed P. vera is most like its taxonomically close relative P. weinmaniifolia, followed by Rhus chinensis; all placed taxonomically in the tribe Rhoeae. Members of Anacardiaceae were most closely related to Rhoeae, followed by members of Spondieae. The reports of this chloroplast genome will be useful for future conservation studies, genetic evaluation and breeding of P. vera, and more comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of the Pistacia species and its closely-related genera.


The circuit dynamics of power networks are typically neglected in transient stability analysis of power systems. While this approximation is justified in classical multi-machine power systems, the circuit dynamics can compromise stability of power systems dominated by grid-forming (GFM) power converters. In this work, we show that the impact of circuit dynamics can be mitigated by (i) augmenting GFM droop control with derivative feedback, and (ii) leveraging derivative control terms of dual-port GFM control that was recently proposed in the literature. Moreover, we show that, contrary to conventional wisdom, avoiding instability by slowing down the converter dynamics (e.g., through virtual inertia) is not always possible or may require unrealistic virtual inertia constants.


Schisandrin B (Scheme B) is the most abundant and active lignan monomer isolated from Schisandra chinensis. At present, most reports focus on its cardioprotective and hepatoprotective effects, however, the related reports on gastrointestinal protective effects are still limited. The study aims to evaluate the protective effect of Scheme B on cisplatin‐induced rat intestinal crypt epithelial (IEC‐6) cell injury and the possible molecular mechanisms. The results showed that Scheme B at 2.5, 5 and 10 μM could inhibit dose‐dependently the reduction of cell activity induced by cisplatin exposure at 1 μM, decrease the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA), while increasing glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) to alleviate oxidative stress injury in IEC‐6 cell lines. Meanwhile, Scheme B could relieve cisplatin‐induced apoptosis by regulating PI3K/AKT and the downstream caspase signaling pathway. The results from flow cytometry analysis and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) staining also demonstrated the anti‐apoptosis effect of Scheme B. Furthermore, Scheme B was found to reduce the inflammation associated with cell damage by evaluating the protein expressions of the nuclear factor‐kappa B (NF‐κB) signaling pathway. Importantly, Wnt/β‐catenin, as a functional signaling pathway that drives intestinal self‐recovery, was also in part regulated by Scheme B. In conclusion, Scheme B might alleviate cisplatin‐induced IEC‐6 cell damage by inhibiting oxidative stress, apoptosis, inflammation, and repairing intestinal barrier function. The present research provides a strong evidence that Scheme B may be a useful modulator in cisplatin‐induced intestinal toxicity.


Abstract This experiment examined the influence of two different silage additives of biological (Lactococcus lactis, Lactobacillus plantarum, Enterococcus faecium, enzyme xylanase) and chemical (43% formic acid, 30% ammonium formate, 10% propionic acid, 2% benzoic acid) types on biogenic amines concentration, nutrient content, fermentation process, and microbiologic indicators in lucerne (Medicago sativa) silage after 90 days of fermentation. The biological additive significantly (P < 0.05) increased putrescine (+51%), lactic acid (+11%) and protein content (+11%) in comparison with control silage. It significantly decreased cadaverine (−29%), histamine (−57%), spermidine (−15%), spermine (−55%), acetic acid (−40%), ethanol (−55%), ammonium (−25%) and ash (−9%). After the chemical-additive treatment, greater amounts of histamine and tyramine were recorded. Significant decrease was observed in the concentrations of putrescine (−18%), cadaverine (−55%), spermidine (−47%), spermine (−45%), lactic acid (−16%), acetic acid (−46%), ammonium (−59%), ash (−13%) and fat (−24%). Populations of bacteria associated with lactic acid fermentation, moulds, yeasts, enterobacteria and total microorganisms count were also influenced. Both biological and chemical additives can be highly recommended for producing high-quality silages meeting hygienic requirements. In lucerne silage, the chemical preservative showed a stronger effect in achieving the health safety of silage compared to the biological inoculant.


One-hundred seventy-seven family physicians were surveyed regarding their perceptions of the types of psychosocial problems encountered in their practices, the amount of time they felt they devoted to each problem, and their interests regarding continuing psychiatric education. Patients with "multiple somatic complaints" and "symptoms of emotional distress" were reported as being encountered most frequently. Marital and family problems, alcoholism and sexual dysfunction were also ranked highly. The physicians indicated the highest interest in managing these disorders in addition to treatment of the suicidal patient. The implications of these results for psychiatric educators and liaison psychiatrists are discussed. The authors recommend using DSM-III diagnostic criteria applicable to these syndromes in formulating educational programs for primary care physicians.


The aim of the present study was to examine the association between sarcopenia and nutritional status and physical activity among community‐dwelling Chinese people aged 60 years and older.


1. Lincoff H, Lopez R, Kreissig I, Yannuzzi L, Cox M, Burton T. Retinoschisis associated with optic nerve pits. Arch Ophthalmol 1988; 106: 61–7. 2. Imamura Y, Zweifel SA, Fujiwara T, Freund KB, Spaide RF. High-resolution optical coherence tomography findings in optic pit maculopathy. Retina 2010; 30: 1104– 12. 3. Spaide RF, Costa DL, Huang SJ. Macular schisis in a patient without an optic disk pit optical coherence tomographic findings. Retina 2003; 23: 238– 40. 4. Zaidi AA, Brucker AJ, Johnson MW. Diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. Retina 2011; 31: 2125– 8. 5. Doyle E, Trivedi D, Good P, Scott RA, Kirkby GR. Highresolution optical coherence tomography demonstration of membranes spanning optic disc pits and colobomas. Br J Ophthalmol 2009; 93: 360–5. Ocular involvement in generalized fixed drug eruption from nimesulide


The aim of this research was to identify the pollen types and total phenolic compounds content in honey and propolis from Pantanal, Mato Grosso, Brazil. The research was carried out in the municipalities of Caceres, Pocone and Nossa Senhora do Livramento, Mato Grosso. Honey and propolis were collected between 2011 and 2012 in commercial apiaries, a total of 11 samples were collected during the study, composing 6 samples of honey (2 samples in each municipality) and 5 samples of propolis collected in the city of Caceres. The botanical origin of samples was through pollen analysis of honey and propolis slides. The total phenolic content was by Folin-Ciocalteau method and flavonoids by aluminum chloride. Pollen analysis indicated that Pantanal honey produced in Caceres was from Myracrodroun urundeuva and honey from Pocone and Nossa Senhora do Livramento was of Mimosa pudica. The Pantanal propolis did not present dominant pollen, the accessory pollen were Mimosa pudica, Myracrodroun urundeuva and Cecropia sp. The total phenolics in honey was 14 to 122.5 mg EAG / g and in propolis was 37.97 to 67.42 mg EAG / g. The pollen types Mimosa pudica, Myracrodroun urundeuva and Cecropia sp. were important resources for bee products from Pantanal of Mato Grosso with expressive phenolic contents.


The invention provides a truss arm abutting structure, a truss arm comprising the truss arm abutting structure and a truss arm crane. The truss arm abutting structure provided by the invention comprises a first arm support chord member, a second arm support chord member and a connecting piece, wherein the connecting piece is respectively connected with the first arm support chord member and the second arm support chord member, and the end face of the first arm support chord member is contacted with the end face of the second arm support chord member, thus a contact surface is formed. The truss arm abutting structure provided by the invention is connected by adopting a connecting plate, no hinge lug is required to be manufactured, large-scale mould making can be avoided, the truss arm abutting structure is applicable to limited quantity of large-scale truss arm making, and no large-scale process placing-building tool is required to be made; after a mounting surface is processed, assembly is more convenient; and the truss arm abutting structure provided by the invention adopts a new contact surface connecting type, the head is not excessively welded, and quality hidden trouble caused by welding can be avoided.


Today millions of request are generated by clients and fulfilled by thousand of servers. Assigning the request to a particular server is an efficient activity of the capabilities in heterogeneous distributed computing systems. Due to high performance computing system require more energy and high cost that's why, it face difficult challenges, in this research area algorithms are used to trying the minimize cost of operating and offer up-to-minute performance. Compare to past decade, today energy consumption has been increasing quickly of data centers. In the HC system, ETC model is especially used to define the heterogeneity among the completion time of the tasks and the systems. To create ETC matrix range-based techniques was used. In this study the efficiency of differential evolution on the scheduling problem was carried out. Here, we have proposed linear programming based on resource allocation to minimize the makespan and execution time of scheduling which is based on ETC matrix. This study has been carried out to minimize overall energy consumed among machine and to enhance lifespan of the system. Our proposed scheme ensures confidentiality and integrity of scheduling problem with different types of tasks and machines. The results presented here illustrates that our recommended scheme is more proficient than previous concepts compared. They even show various parameters compared such as energy, starting time, run time, execution time.


This paper reviews five contemporary models of sentence comprehension,including two-stage models,constraint-based models,referential support models,concurrent model,and three-phase neurocognitive model,after introducing some background in which these models were proposed.Three pieces of suggestion were made to resolve the conflict among these models.


IN 1936 Love wrote of tumours of the breast: 'Nowadays the possibility of a patient harbouring a massive tumour until fungation occurs is very remote.' Cystosarcoma phylloides is one of the tUmOUrS that can grow great proportions and may by pressure the skin leading to death from 'toxaemia'This Paper reports 2 cases Presenting with huge breast masses and describes 6 further cases in less and since that time these had gradually increased in size. For 2 years before admission the swelling of her breast was apparent, even when she was clothed, and an unSuccesSfUl attempt was made to persuade her to go to hospital. During the last year the skin had ulcerated and a foul smelling purulent discharge had developed. Two weeks before her attendance she began to feel generally unwell and her ankles became swollen. She had had one childandherlastmenstrualperiod had been 18 years earlier.


This paper presents the results to-date from a continuing investigation into the differences between total suspended solids (TSS) and suspended-sediment concentration (SSC) data and the ramifications of using each type of data to estimate sediment loads. It compares estimates of annual suspendedsediment loads that were made using regression equations developed from paired TSS and SSC data, to annual loads computed by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) using traditional techniques and SSC data. Load estimates were compared for 10 stations where sufficient TSS and SSC paired data were available to develop sediment-transport curves for the same time period that daily suspended-sediment records were available. Results of these analyses indicate that as the time frame over which the estimates were made increases, the overall errors associated with the estimates decreases with respect to loads computed using traditional USGS techniques. Using SSC data to compute loads tends to produce estimates closer to those computed by traditional techniques than those computed from TSS data. Loads computed from TSS data tend to be negatively biased with respect to those computed by traditional USGS techniques.


For improving wear resistance and hardness, Ni60 coatings were applied to TC4 alloy using laser cladding techniques. The effects of different lap ratios on the microstructure, microhardness, and wear resistance of the Ni60 coating were analyzed using an ultra-deep field microscope, XRD, microhardness tester and wear testing machine, and a suitable lap ratio was sought to obtain a coating with a better performance. The results showed that the Ni60 coatings with a 30% lap ratio had the best morphology and no obvious defects. From the bottom to the top, there are coarse columnar crystals, fine columnar crystals, equiaxed crystals, and acicular crystals, mainly composed of γ-Ni and some Cr7C3 and Cr23C6 phases. Therefore, the suitable lap ratio is 30%, and the microhardness of the coating at this parameter is 900 HV, which is about 2.5 times of the substrate (360 HV). The wear amount of the coating is 5.05 mg, which is about 11% of the substrate (44.23 mg). The average friction coefficient of the coating is about 0.41, which is 63% of the substrate (0.65). TC4 alloy's wear resistance and microhardness can be significantly improved by applying suitable coating material and laser cladding parameters.


A method for adapting a cochlear implant to a patient, using a genetic algorithm operable to generate successive generations of the plurality of groups of the value of the parameter subset after selecting the first generations (300), a genetic algorithm how feedback patient while performing (302), to determine a plurality of groups of subsets value of the subsequent generations. In each generation, half of the group parameter subset values are selected and used to determine the group of the next generation value. The value of the parameter that is not included in the subset is selected by any of the conventional methods that do not use a genetic algorithm.


Guttering failure reason of Inconel 751 exhaust valve cone was analyzed by means of macro examination,chemical composition analysis,microstructure examination and phase composition analysis.The results indicate that the material and the manufacture technique of the exhaust valve met with the technical requirement.The exhaust valve cone guttered mainly due to the excessive S content in the fuel oil.


Per Albin Hansson was the most prominent political leader in modern Swedish politics. He served as the chairman of the Swedish Social Democratic Party(1928-46) and as the prime minister of the Swedish government(1932-46). In late 1920s and early 1930s, he transformed the Swedish Social Democratic Party into the united, politically strong, and dedicated reformist party. He rejected the traditional 'class politics' and instead accepted 'mass politics' for broadening political base of the Swedish Social Democratic Party. As the prime minister, he overcame the Great Depression by Keynesian macroeconomic policies, assisted by the minster of finance, Ernst Wigforss. And he rescued Sweden from the Second World War by firmly holding on to neutrality policies. His political line is characterized by mass politics, mutual understanding and cooperation with bourgeois parties and capitalists, dedicated holding on to democracy, and discursive strategy stressing the positive values of socialism. And his leadership style is characterized by popular appeal, broad-mindedness, and decisiveness. His political line and leadership style greatly contributed to the political success of the Swedish Social Democratic Party.


Influence of control surfaces deflection on longitudinal aerodynamic characteristics of a tailless unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV) with multiple control surfaces was investigated in a wind tunnel using force measurement.Positive deflection of both elevons and flaperons leads to an increment of lift coefficient,drag coefficient and nose-down pitching moment,and the increment is much more significant with a larger deflection angle.Elevons have a better effect than flaperons.However,all-moving tips(AMTs) deflection nearly has no influence on longitudinal aerodynamic characteristics.When deflecting canard wings,lift coefficient and drag coefficient nearly have no changes before stall,while they are reduced after stall.When α16° and α38°,positive deflection of canard wings reduces the nose-down pitching moment,and negative deflection increases the nose-down pitching moment.The order of pitching moment control efficiency from higher to lower is: elevons,flaperons,canard wings,AMTs.Further analysis indicates that the control efficiency is related to the control surface volume coefficient.


Even though the image of Siberia in mass consciousness, public opinion, and "power" discourse of the second half of the nineteenth century has long been a subject of researcher attention, the image of the region in the reports of Siberian governors-general has not been analysed separately. However, these materials not only make it possible to expand existing academic conclusions about the impact of reality images on social practices, but also to clarify the factors that determined the position of local and central authorities in relation to the region, identify the dependence of images on the type of sources in which they are found, and determine the common "agenda" for government and public opinion in the discussion of "Siberian issues". Based on Foucault's discourse analysis of texts, the article reveals and characterises the key elements of the image of Siberia on the basis of reports of Siberian governors-general between the early 1850s and late 1880s. The region was the empire's "warehouse", whose wealth was still scarcely in demand for the development of the local "productive forces", practical issues of management, and cultural needs, and from the point of view of imperial economic and geopolitical interests. It was terra incognita for the imperial authorities, academia, and the educated public, a region forgotten by the capital but in need of local government reform (indeed it was included in the reforms of the 1860s–70s), connections with European Russia by rail, water, and land, intensified agricultural production, better schooling, its own university, educated and motivated officials, and the abolition of exile. The territory was a potential "paradise" on earth for peasants and all the population of the Trans-Ural provinces, which might be possible if the imperial authorities paid attention to their needs and aspirations (this component of the region's image would become essential during Stolypin's ideological campaign of resettlement in the early twentieth century).


This study provides an outlook of the association between sound and public space by performing sound level meter in Dallas Fort-Worth metropolitan area. The main research question of the study is that whether the characteristics (program elements, position of public spaces and roads, and public space usage in different time intervals) of the public open spaces have relationship with sound levels. In order to demonstrate it, the applied sound level meter instruments for sound environment in public open spaces by using grid method. This study recommends that time intervals have effects on sound and practice should concentrate for this essential element. At this point, sound is forgotten component and it is not paid attention by urban planners, architects, landscape architects, civil engineering and many other disciplines. Presently, there are a few studies that are related to sound relationships in the United States. Hence, this research illustrates a point of view of a sound research for rapid growing urba...


Abstract The effect of light availability on lake gross primary production (GPP) depends on the physical setting and meteorological and chemical conditions characterizing the lake. Although it has long been recognized that complex interactions between external and in-lake conditions affect whole-lake GPP, few studies have evaluated the importance of different drivers of daily and seasonal variability in GPP for a diverse set of lake types. In this study, we used a unique dataset covering a wide spectrum of lakes in terms of size, nutrient loading, and phytoplankton biomass, combined with high-frequency meteorology, dissolved oxygen (DO), and light data to determine the GPP of the lakes and to investigate the degree of light limitation and photoinhibition of GPP over multiple time scales. A Bayesian modeling approach was employed to model diel changes in DO as a nonlinear function of light and temperature, making it possible to determine the parameters describing the light dependency of hourly GPP rates under in situ conditions. Of the 900 days analyzed, 43% had moderate to strongly light-saturated GPP during midday summer conditions, and photoinhibition occurred on 77% of these days. GPP became increasingly light-limited with increasing nutrient and phytoplankton concentrations, conditions that also reduced the likelihood of photoinhibition. The highest summer rates of GPP were found in the light-limited, nonphotoinhibited lakes with elevated nutrient concentrations and phytoplankton biomass, although annual rates were much lower in these systems. Our results show that the interaction of light and nutrients affects the magnitude and temporal variability of GPP in lake ecosystems.


Abstract We consider real 2-step metric nilpotent Lie algebras associated to graphs with possibly repeated edge labels as constructed by Ray in 2016. We determine how the structure of the edge labeling within the graph contributes to the abelian factor in these Lie algebras. Furthermore, we explicitly compute the abelian factor of the 2-step nilpotent Lie algebras associated with some families of graphs such as star graphs, cycles, Schreier graphs, and properly edge-colored graphs. We also study the singularity properties of these Lie algebras in certain cases.


Th e article analyzes a writer's genre strategy based on the materials of A. Platonov's short novels of the 1930s ("Th e Foundation Pit" ["Kotlovan"], "For future use" ["Vprok"], "Bread and reading" ["Hleb i chtenie"], "Juvenile sea" ["Uvenil'noe more"], "Dzhan"). Th ese short novels became a link between his two novels "Chevengur" (1926—1928) and "Happy Moscow" (1933—1936). Th e comprehensive analysis of the short novels of the 1930s in the dialectics of genre development allows us to understand Andrei Platonov's artistic world, the role of genre in the implementation of his creative idea, the specifi cs of genre thinking, and to identify the relationship between the genre and utopian/dystopian strategies of the writer. Th e article concludes that the short novels of the 1930s constitute a cycle and are united by a usual plot of "test", the type of a hero (a worker-wanderer), the poetics of the conclusions. Th e recon-struction of the author's model of the genre and its dynamics in the works of one of the distinguished writers of Russian and World literature of contemporary history leads to a deeper understanding of the artistic nature, role and genesis of the short novel in genre analysis of 20th century-literature.


The purpose of this paper is to explain why the over - centralizedtechnologic administrate system and unswerving military - orientation strategy had taken shape during Soviet Union period in Russia. The direct reason is over - centralized economic administrate system and international complicated circumstances. And the deeper ideological reason derived from both the inveterate thoughts of big nation and autocratic tradition in political culture of Soviet Union.


Impedance calculations have previously been made on a gyrotron operating with a magnetron circuit in the Zn-mode and cutoff constants were determined and impedance calculations were made for values of the ratio of vane radius to the outer waveguide radius from 0.15 to 1.00. The normalized interaction impedance and the stream voltage was then calculated for each of these magnetron circuit configurations. In this paper, calculations have been made of impedance and stream voltage to achieve operation in the n-mode. The *-mode has the advantage of having higher impedance values than the Zn-mode. This advantage is offset by the necessity of strapping the vanes of the magnetron. These results for the a-mode are compared with the 2n-mode and also with a smooth waveguide operating in a TEnl mode. The advantages and disadvantages of all three configurations are discussed.


Broadly speaking, one can initially describe LGBTIQ strategies of interpretation as traveling along three trajectories, taking historical-contextual, affirmative-identifying, or queerly critical routes. This essay explores all three strategies. It then argues that when and where LGBTIQ strategies of interpretation do find institutional homes, whether in the church or the academy, one should also find modes for critical reflexivity, particularly to guard against co-optation, accommodation, or complicity. These dynamics require mixing and messing with simple divisions, including those that this essay relies on: attending to historical contexts differently, reflecting on identifications carefully but creatively, and theorizing more eclectically, persistently, and (ultimately) promiscuously.


The satellite structures of 3s core-level photoemission spectra of Mn and Fe dihalides and mono-oxides have been studied systematically. We found that exchange splitting between 3s holes and 3d electrons, intrashell electron correlation, and final-state screening (charge-transfer satellite) effects all contribute to their satellite structures. We extended the existing model of 2p core-hole satellite structures for transition-metal compounds [Park et al., Phys. Rev. B 37, 10 867 (1988)] to the case of 3s core holes by including the exchange interaction and the intrashell electron correlation effect. The intrashell electron correlation effect is included by introducing two parameters, the energy separation and the coupling strength between 3s3${\mathit{d}}^{\mathit{n}}$ and 3${\mathit{p}}^{2}$3${\mathit{d}}^{\mathit{n}+1}$ states. With this model, we were able to explain very well the 3s spectra of the Mn and Fe insulating compounds studied here, and which were consistent with their 2p core-level spectra analyses. We observe that the importance of final-state screening effects in the core-level spectra depends on the ligands. As a result, 3s energy splittings for very ionic compounds such as ${\mathrm{MnF}}_{2}$ and ${\mathrm{FeF}}_{2}$ can be well understood by exchange splitting alone, but that 3s splittings in other compounds in general are not directly related to the 3d local magnetic moment of the ground state. We found that the change of 3s splittings in more covalent compounds is mostly determined by the final-state screening due to the different values of 3s-hole\char21{}3d-electron Coulomb attraction Q depending upon the spin of the final state, rather than the exchange energy between 3s holes and 3d electrons.


Systematacially tested and analyzed the sensitive elements which can indicate sedimentary environment in oil shale using ICP-MS(Inductively Coupled Plasma-Ms Spectrometer) technique,the oil shale samples were collected from southern Bogda Mountain.Major elements and trace elements were examined by silicate rock chemical analysis(GB/T 14506.28—93) and X-ray fluorescent spectroscopy.Meanwhile,The corresponding relationships between the contents of equivalent boron、tatio of Sr/Ba、V/Ni and sedimentary environment were discussed.The results show that the oil shale in study area generally develop from deep lake.The content of phosphate is commonly high,which may be from volcanic ash after volcanic eruption around the lake.This phosphate provides a good environment for algae,which consume lots of oxygen in the water,form reductive environment and is beneficial for the preservation of organic substance.


We evaluate capacity bounds for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) fading channels subject to input amplitude constraints. We focus on two practical cases, in which the transmitter: (i) employs a single antenna amplifier, which induces a constraint on the norm of the input vector, and (ii) it employs multiple amplifiers, one per antenna, which leads to independent constraints on the amplitude of each input vector entry. For both cases, we evaluate the asymptotic capacity gap between upper and lower bounds at high signal-to-noise ratio.


C. Michael Nelson began his special education career as a teacher of adolescents with learning and behavior disorders. He has worked as a child psychologist and as a professor with the Department of Special Education and Rehabilitation Counseling at the University of Kentucky. He coordinated the graduate Personnel Preparation Program for Teachers of Students with Emotional and Behavioral Disabilities. Dr. Nelson has authored or edited over 100 professional publications. He has prepared teachers of children and youth with behavior disorders at the pre- and in-service levels and has served as principal investigator on a number of research and personnel preparation grants. He has served as president of the Council for Children with Behavioral Disorders. Dr. Nelson shared with reflections and thoughts with members of the Janus Project on what he describes as a career that came at a good time.


vironmental conditions has been con ducted to determine the kinetics of substrate utilization by dispersed bacteria. Mixing in natural environments, such as lakes, ponds, soils, seawater, and sediments, is rarely adequate to maintain complete dis persion, however; as a result, bacterial growth generally occurs on available sur faces. Bacteria as charged micron-sized particles become adsorbed and attached at solid-liquid interfaces, and, after multiply ing over several generations, a biofilm of closely packed bacteria is formed.


We discuss theoretical aspects of longitudinally-structured light-sheets constructed from superpositions of Bessel beams, envisioning applications in holography, volumetric displays, augmented and virtual reality, optical trapping and manipulation of microparticles and so on. Current experimental setups are presented.


O'Brien, Mary-Elizabeth. Nazi Cinema as Enchantment: The Politics of Entertainment in the Third Reich. Rochester NY: Camden House, 2004. 304 pp. $75.00 cloth. In this book, Mary-Elizabeth O'Brien foregrounds the extent of the Nazi administration's commitment to cinema as both entertainment and propaganda. Nazi cinema followed the model of classical Hollywood cinema, promoting identification and partially satisfying those audience appetites and needs that had been strengthened by the loss of communal beliefs accompanying modernity. O'Brien argues that although only 153 of the 1,094 feature films produced in Germany during the Third Reich are "generally considered outright propaganda," almost all of them "were politicized by their function in the fascist state" (9-10). She appreciates the artistry in these films while recognizing that they affirm the ideological principles formulated by Nazi social and film theorists, thus helping the Nazis successfully offer their own core beliefs as the basis for communal experience. In five chapters, O'Brien analyzes thirteen examples from five film genres, "the historical musical, the foreign adventure film, the home-front film, the melodrama, and the problem film," arguing that traditional genres provide "shared stories that can tell us much about how the family, war, history, nation, and community were imagined in Nazi Germany" (5). In her individual readings she interweaves commentary on film theory and history, citations from Goebbels and a variety of film industry journals, and cogent insights into the structure of the films and the audience needs they satisfy. She sees these films as supporting the status quo through well loved stars who embody values promoted by the state. These films also depict aberrant characters in whose transgressions the spectator could take pleasure; these characters are either reintegrated after learning the error of their ways or eliminated. In the latter model, the film functions both as a deterrent and as a social safety valve. However, as O'Brien notes at the end of her introduction, government control of production can never completely determine the audience's reception of these films; some of them retain potential subversive character. In each of her chapters on genre films, O'Brien develops different readings of individual films while emphasizing aspects in which a particular genre excels. For the historical musical, she focuses on the films' creation of nineteenth-century Utopias of simpler, more integrated communities imbedded in the master narrative of the nascent national state. …


This earliest period, from the time that humans entered the Americas until about 8,000 BCE, is known as the PaleoIndian period. During this time, humans spread throughout the Western hemisphere, supporting themselves with similar subsistence patterns and technologies. PaleoIndians, including the Clovis culture, were nomadic hunter/gatherers. They moved as frequently as once or twice a week, hunting the big game of the Paleolithic: the megafauna. As previously noted, well-known animals such as the mammoth and mastodon were included among the megafauna. Other North American megafauna included less well-known animals, such as the short-faced bear, and giant versions of animals such as sloth, moose, and beaver. Paleo-Indian technology included knapped, or chipped, stone tools such as scrapers, knives, and projectile points, such as the Clovis point. Throughout the Paleo-Indian era, the spear was the most common weapon. At first, humans used spears as thrusting weapons, which of course required very close range between the hunter and game, a dangerous prospect at best. Sometime during the Paleo-Indian era, humans developed new kinds of technology, including a lighter throwing spear and an implement to propel this spear much farther: the atlatl. The atlatl, or spear thrower, was one of the most important items in the late Paleo-Indian tool kit. It was a long, thin piece of wood with a notch at the end. This notch was designed to receive the end of a spear. The atlatl acted as an extension of the throwing arm, enabling the spear thrower to greatly increase the speed and range of the cast.


In the present communication, a total 18 fresh water algae have been identified from streams and rivers of Gajurmukhi VDC, Ilam. The present study may help in the algal database of Nepal and to conserve aquatic biodiversity. Keywords: Algae, Chlorophyceae, Diatoms, Gajurmukhi, Ilam, Nepal doi: 10.3126/on.v6i1.1659 Our Nature (2008)6:80-81


Abstract After reviewing two core flood hazard mitigation policies within the United States – the 100-year standard and the National Flood Insurance Program – this discussion focuses upon policy recommendations for improving flood hazard mitigation in the US. In the end, it is found that flood hazard mitigation policy within the US, while full of good intentions, has unintentionally produced many hurdles. These hurdles are detailed and recommendations designed to overcome them are suggested.


Broadhurst, Simpson and Hardy (1980) have described evidence for seasonal sedimentation, suggestive of monsoonal conditions, in the Upper Carboniferous of midLancashire, England. Their total section, at Ravenhead Quarry, Up Holland, comprises about 25 m of measures between coals referable to the Lower Mountain and the Bullion, that is near the base of Westphalian A Stage. About 80 km to the northeast of Up Holland the two coals join along a NW-SE line to form the Union Mine of the Burnley Coalfield. In boreholes between 7 and 10 km to the north of Up Holland Magraw (1957) recorded nonmarine bivalves above the Lower Mountain coal in measures broadly corresponding with those in which shells were found by Broadhurst et al. at Ravenhead Quarry. The latter comprise Carbonicola, Anthraconaia and Naiadites, whereas these authors have noted without comment the addition of the genus Anthraconauta in Magraw's records. Anthraconauta is known only from Westphalian C and D in Britain, northern Europe and the Donetz Basin (Weir 1960, p. 275), in beds of comparable age and in the overlying Stephanian in eastern U. S. A. (Eagar 1970, 1981) and in northwest Spain (Eagar and Weir 1971). Anthraconauta, on all available evidence, was a limnic genus and may have at times lived in hypersaline conditions (Pollard and Wiseman 1971, Eagar 1973). The apparent discrepancy results from


Complex studies of weak electron localization, electron–electron interaction, and electron overheating in Si crystals containing a δ〈Sb〉-layer with various concentrations of Sb atoms are carried out in order to obtain information on the characteristic times of inelastic electron relaxation. The temperature dependence of the electron–phonon relaxation time τep derived from the electron overheating effect can be described by the dependence τep∝T−p, where p≅3.7±0.3, which corresponds to the case qTl<1 (qT is the wave vector of the thermal phonon and l the electron mean free path).


In this paper we address total glomalin-related soil protein (T-GRSP) as a possible indicator of differences in forest soils related to reactive nitrogen and forest composition. We focused especially on the relationship between T-GRSP (g kg−1), soil organic carbon (SOC), and reactive nitrogen (Nr) availability among different categories of temperate forests and different horizons. Our study included 105 sampling sites divided into 5 categories, which vary in elevation and tree species composition (coniferous, deciduous, mixed). We detected significantly higher T-GRSP and SOC in the F+H horizon under conifers. We assume that this observation might be attributed to suppression of decomposition of T-GRSP and SOC by nature of coniferous litter. The lack of significant differences in T-GRSP/SOC among the categories and the positive correlations between T-GRSP and SOC in most of the categories confirmed the strong relationship of T-GRSP with SOC. We found a significantly higher content of T-GRSP in the F+H horizon for all studied forest categories. However, the contribution of T-GRSP to SOC is significantly higher in the A horizon, which might be caused by stabilization of glomalin by mineral fraction, including clay minerals or by the belowground origin of glomalin. We found the increase of SOC with increasing Nr in the A horizon for most categories of forest. T-GRSP follows this trend in the case of deciduous forests (decid), mixed forest (mixed), and mountain forests (mount). On the other hand, we detected a decrease of T-GRSP with increasing Nr in the F+H horizon of coniferous forests (conif). Moreover the T-GRSP/SOC decreases with the increase of Nr in the A horizon of conif, mixed and mount, which points to the higher sensitivity of forest with prevalence of coniferous trees. Our observations have confirmed an ecosystem-specific relationship between T-GRSP, SOC and Nr. We concluded that T-GRSP in combination with T-GRSP/SOC has the potential to reveal qualitative changes in soil organic matter (SOM) connected with increasing Nr.


This paper presents the theoretical equations for the impact characteristics of free over-fall (ICFOF) in the pool zone with sloping upstream bed. The various impact characteristics considered are the brink depth, the impact position and impact angle, the tail water depth and the depth of water pool. In order to overcome the complexity in determining the ICFOF, they were expressed in dimensionless forms as functions of upstream bed slope (UBS), upstream Froude number and Drop number. The multiple regression analysis was used to obtain the empirical expressions for the ICFOF using the laboratory experimental results. It was found that the dimensionless brink depth decreases with an increase in upstream Froude number and UBS. With the increase in both the Drop number and UBS, the dimensionless impact position increases, while the impact angle decreases. On the other hand, the dimensional tail water depth and the dimensional depth of water pool vary directly with the Drop number and inversely with the UBS. In addition, the empirical equations proposed for horizontal upstream slope were compared with those of previous investigators. Further, a parameter called slope effect ratio is defined to state the effect of UBS on the ICFOF. Moreover, the empirical equation derived in this study can be used to design the structure of downstream apron practically. An example illustrates the calculation of the impact position/tail water depth for downstream apron.