The preimplantation genetic diagnosis for single gene defects(SGD-PGD) has been an embryo genetic analysis established in many European and North America countries,which can be used in clinical service for those couples who have the transmittable gene mutations in their families.With SGD-PGD,they could give birth to normal baby or carrier of the recessive inherited disorder.The babies from SGD-PGD cases,who had normal genomics,could stop the transmission of the mutation in those families.So,SGD-PGD has been considered as a potential primary prevention of genetic diseases at the gene level.In China,the population is great,and thus the sub-population with inheritable diseases is also great.So,it is important,for healthy diathesis,national economy and the people's livelihood,to develop SGD-PGD in China.Since 1998,the writer has taken the evaluation of the SGD-PGD feasibility,design and practice for 35 single gene defects.This article will make a brief commentary for the usage of linkage analysis with haplotyping in SGD-PGD.


Erbium(III) triflate is a powerful catalyst for the acylation of alcohols and phenols. The reaction works well for a large variety of simple and functionalized substrates by using different kinds of acidic anhydrides {Ac2O, (EtCO)2O, [(CH3)3CO]2O, Bz2O, and (CF3CO)2O} without isomerisation of chiral centres. Moreover, the catalyst can be easily recycled and reused without significant loss of activity.


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Model Test is a key part of the entire ship design process. The interaction between the propulsor and the hull in these tests is expressed in terms of standard coefficients and forms an important design aspect which affects the final performance of the vessel. Even though these coefficients give important insight for the designers about the overall performance of the propulsor, however, it still lacks detailed information on the sources of these coefficients. The paper studies two design aspects namely the direction of rotation of propellers and the asymmetric strut of a Push-Pull CRP. The study is carried out using a hybrid Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) approach where a vortex-lattice code (VLM) is coupled to a RANS solver. The code is validated against model test results before a detailed flow analysis is made. The study shows that the choice and design of the asymmetric strut are very critical in Push-Pull CRP and hold a significant impact on the loading of the pair of propellers. The choice of direction of rotation of propellers is also quite important to ensure a favourable inflow condition to the strut and the load distribution on propellers. The impact of both these aspects on the design of propellers cannot always be determined by propulsive coefficients measured at model tests and needs a detailed CFD analysis.


There is a strong relationship between the intake of calorically-dense palatable food and stress. Moreover, intake of sodas is an important contributory factor to obesity, and is often associated with palatable food consumption. We studied the effects of 2-hour intermittent access to sucrose-sweetened water (SSW, 12.3%, soda-like) and its schedule of administration on the response to chronic variable stress in mice fed a high-fat, high-sugar diet. C57BL/6 mice received access to water or to both water and 2-hour SSW access during 5 weeks, in addition to their diet. After the first two weeks, half of the animals from each group were stressed daily using a chronic variable stress (CVS) paradigm, while the other half were kept undisturbed. During the CVS exposure period, SSW access was either scheduled randomly, right before the stressors or right after the stressor . The effects of SSW and its schedule of administration on stress hormones, adiposity and serum lipids were analyzed. Results showed that SSW ac...


SUMMARY. In the present work it is shown that the experimental pnemoniya suprovozhlaetsya povisheniem indicators prooxidation (diene conjugates and malonic deldegida) and antioxidant (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutationpreduktazy) in the lungs at the 1st and the 8th day of the experimental model of the disease. KEY WORDS: experimental pneumonia, antioxidant system, lipid peroxidation.


Hydropower is the most important renewable resource for electricity production in alpine areas: it has advantages for the global CO2 balance but creates serious environmental impacts. RES-e Directives require renewable electricity enhance but, at the same time, the Water Framework Directive obliges member States to reach or maintain a water bodies "good" ecological status, intrinsically limiting the hydropower exploitation.


Driven by a synthetic analysis of some of the factors that contribute to the outline of new social care scenarios, which require organisational and management layouts inspired by relevant, appropriate and innovative systems of health governance, this paper offers a theoretical reflection on the role of social work within the processes of planning and supply of social services, in community care contexts. Attention is focused on the concepts of self-care, interdisciplinarity and professional integration as determinants of the cultural transition to "relational" care models, which replace the formal and reductionist logic of "service" with approaches inspired by "dialogistic rationality" of the planning of health and social rehabilitation programmes "tailored" to specific needs, in order to strengthen users' resilience. Besides the obsolete "technocratic" vision of planning (in particular health policies), which strongly affects professional reflection and the renewal of practices that are congenitally non-standardisable and, let alone, routinised, said approach shuns the normative and bureaucratic determinism of well-established procedures and, in particular, seems to "challenge" social professions to claim a crucial role, symmetric and fully equivalent to that of medical and health professions in defining health needs, which is essential for the personalisation, contingency and concomitant rooting of intervention measures.


Nuclear pore complex protein Nup98-Nup96 (1817 aa, ~198 kDa) is encoded by the human NUP98 gene. This protein may play a role in nuclear pore complex assembly and bidirectional transport across the nuclear pore complex.


Oil recovery by polymer flooding is influenced by reservoir heterogeneity not only through its effects on crossflow, but also through the dependence of polymer retention, inaccessible pore volume and polymer shear degradation on permeability. A simulator is described that accounts for all of these factors, and experimental data, obtained using field and Berea cores, are included that demonstrate the permeability dependence of these factors. Use is made of a standard 2-dimensional reservoir simulator with the added feature of point-tracking capability. For each of the different layers, one chain of points is identified with the front of the polymer bank and another chain with the rear. Retention and inaccessible pore volume can be accounted for through a factor which is the ratio of the velocity of the moving points to the wetting phase velocity. (15 refs.)


Bragg diffraction from colloidal crystals proves to be an excellent teaching tool. Only modest equipment and lab skill are needed to produce a diffraction pattern to provide students with an in-dep...


Most standard missing-data techniques have been designed for cross-sectional data. A "forward-backward" multiple-imputation algorithm has been developed to impute missing values in longitudinal data (Nevalainen, Kenward, and Virtanen, 2009, Statistics in Medicine 28: 36577-3669) This technique will be applied to The Health Improvement Network (THIN), a longitudinal primary-care database to impute variables associated with incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD). A sample of 483 patients was extracted from THIN to test the performance of the algorithm before it was applied to the whole dataset. This dataset included individuals with information available on age, sex, deprivation quintile, height, weight, systolic blood pressure, and total serum cholesterol for each age from 65 to 69 years. CVD was identified if the patient was diagnosed with one of a predefined list of conditions at any of these ages. They were then considered to have CVD at each subsequent age. In this sample, measurements of weight, systolic blood pressure, and cholesterol were replaced with missing values such that the probability that data are missing decreases as age increases; i.e., the data are missing at random and the overall percentage of missing data is equivalent to that in THIN. We then applied the forward-backward algorithm, which imputes values at each time point by using measurements before and after the one of interest and updates values sequentially. Ten complete datasets were created. A Poisson regression was performed using data in each dataset, and estimates were combined using Rubin's rules. These steps were repeated 200 times and the coefficients were averaged. I will explain in more detail how the forward-backward algorithm works and also will demonstrate the results following multiple imputation using this algorithm. I will compare these results with the analysis before data were replaced with missing values and a complete case analysis to assess the performance of the algorithm.


The increased internationalisation of higher education creates opportunities and challenges when planning education for a cross-cultural classroom environment. Students from different nationalities ...


The trans and cis isomers of [PtCl2(NCPh)2] react stepwise with methanol, under basic conditions, to give the mono- and bis-imido ester derivatives [PtCl2(NCPh){HNC(OMe)Ph}] and [PtCl2{HNC(OMe)Ph}2]. The isomerization about the CN double bond is slow enough to allow separation of species with different conformations of the imido ester ligands (E or Z). Under basic conditions the isomerization becomes faster and takes place through reversible addition of an extra methoxide ion to the carbon atom of the azomethine residue. The composition of the isomeric mixture, in the case of the bis(imido ester) derivatives, indicates that the E conformation is slightly preferred over Z. This preference is more marked in the cis than in the trans complexes.


Er3+ doped BaxSr0.998-xEr0.002Nb2O6 (SBNx, x = 0.25, 0.40, 0.50, 0.60, 0.75) and Er–Yb co-doped Ba3.75Sr1.24-xEr0.01YbxNb10O30 (SBN75, x = 0, 1:10, 1:20, 1:25, 1:30) ferroelectric ceramics were synthesized by a solid-state reaction method. With the change in stoichiometric x, upconversion (UC) luminescence and temperature sensing properties of the SBN were investigated. The sample (SBN75) at the morphotropic phase boundary is found to obtain the highest emission intensity. For Er–Yb co-doped Ba3.75Sr1.24-xEr0.01YbxNb10O30 ceramics, bright UC green and red emissions originated from a two-photon energy-transfer process were observed under 980 nm laser excitation. The temperature sensing properties were measured by means of a fluorescence intensity ratio technique, and the maximum sensitivity was approximately 0.0074 K−1 at 631 K in the sample SBN75:0.01Er/0.20Yb. From these findings, Er3+ ions doped in SBN ceramic, at the O-T phase boundary, have potential applications for temperature sensors.


Abstract The most common technique for assessing penetration due to wear in acetabular components is with the aid of the most recent serial radiograph. This approach, which is often termed the uni-radiographic method, has been shown to underestimate the more reliable value of the penetration depth deduced from direct measurement of explanted sockets. In this article the causes of the discrepancies between the two data sets are explored. Ninety-six sockets were available from revision surgery for which both the penetration depth and angle could be measured using the shadowgraphic technique in both the coronal and wear planes. Further, the penetration depth for each of the sockets was also assessed from pre-revision X-rays. A significant discrepancy was observed between the penetration depths measured in the wear plane of the replica ΔP w and that measured from the radiograph, ΔPx-ray. The discrepancy was greatest for loose sockets as opposed to those that were still fixed at revision surgery. Using the corresponding data from the shadowgraph measurements, it was possible to deduce that the errors have arisen from the radiographic measurement of wear in the coronal plane and the formula used in calculating ΔPx-ray. If these errors (which cannot be calculated from the X-ray data alone) were taken into consideration, then the systematic bias between radiographic and shadowgraphic measurement was greatly reduced. The largest portion of the discrepancy was accounted for by wear occurring out of the plane of the radiograph, and this, in general, coincides with the coronal plane. Overall, these results indicate that the accurate measurement of wear from serial radiographs is not possible and that improved performance in terms of accuracy can only be achieved when a three-dimensional system is used. An alternative method for deducing the radio-graphic penetration depth is proposed which, theoretically, negates the error arising from the inaccuracy of the formula.


leukocytosis, of A revealed a staghorn with of the pelvicalyceal system of Blood and urine cultures collected on positive for and clindamycin). The assay for PVL toxin was positive, while PCR for mecA type III and IV was negative (PCR for mecA type V has been scheduled). Histopathology analysis reported chronic obstructive pyelonephritis secondary to nephrolithiasis, along with interstitial nephritis with tubular atrophy and nephrosclerotic glomerulae. Further infection was extended to pyelocalyceal system, ureter and peri-renal fatty tissue. The patient completed three weeks of intravenous vancomycin and was discharged in good condition, albeit with residual renal insufficiency. Community-acquired-MRSA from asso- MRSA both in epidemiology and characteristics. Recent have and of This is novel type of by CA-MRSA. Interestingly, involved did have risk factors for invasive MRSA infection. Objectives: Staphylococcus aureus is a common pathogen able of causing a variety of infections in humans. Pathogenicity is due to several virulence factors, one of them is Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL). The aim of this study is to show the association between recurrent episodes of skin and soft-tissue infections in members of the same family, previously healthly, and the presence of meticillin-susceptible S.aureus (MSSA) carrying PVL. Methods: Because of recurrent skin and soft-tissue infections in the members of the same family, nasal swabs were collected in all members from March to September 2007. Antimicrobial susceptibility of S.aureus isolated strains was performed by disk-diffusion method. Genotype characterisation of PVL was made by coamplification of the genes lukS-PV and lukF-PV by PCR. Genomic DNA was extracted from cultures grown on agar plates, by a modified DNAeasy tissue kit (QIAGEN) procedure. Genes were identified as a 433 pb band in the agarose gel after electrophoreses of amplified product. Results: Recurrent skin and soft-tissue infections were diagnosed in 7 out of 8 members of the same family (father, mother, son #1, granddaughter, son #2, partner of son #2 and roommate of son #2; partner of son #1 was not affected) from April 2005 to September 2007, with no known exposure to healthcare establishments. Abscesses were located in armpit, back, thigh, knee, leg and buttocks. S.aureus was isolated in nasal swabs in 5 of the members; nasal swabs were negative in 2 members, and there were not data from the eighth. S.aureus was also recovered from one abscess in the armpit. All S.aureus isolates presented the same phenotype, resistance to penicillin, and susceptibility to oxacillin, clindamycin, gentamicin, levofloxacin, rifampin, TMP-SMX and vancomycin. The genes lukS-PV and lukF-PV were identified in all 5 of the S.aureus isolated in nasal swabs. All abscesses, except two, need surgical debridement. Treatment was made with amoxicillin- clavulanic. Because recurrence of abscesses despite the treatment and nasal decolonisation, patients carrying MSSA are being treated 5 days a month with nasal mupirocin and foamy chlorhexidine. At 6 months of follow up no recurrence has being reported. Conclusions: Interfamily transmission of MSSA PVL-carrying strain could be the cause of the recurrent skin and soft-tissue infections. The decolonisation of nasal carriers of MSSA and hygienic measures could clear up the problem of recurrence of infections. Objectives: To analyse emotional and information needs of Meticillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)-carriers in the home situation, in order to optimise patient education. Critical


In this paper, we presented the key structure and functions of our newly made experiment setup for the study of the molecular spectrum and the molecular photodissociation dynamics. Its characteristic is that on it we can carry the study of laser photolysis and laser induced plasma and laser induced fluorescence and resonance enhanced multiphoton ionization and time of flight mass spectrum. The research that can be carried on this experimental apparatus were also reviewed in detail,just as: the investigation on the resonance enhanced multiphoton ionization of molecule and radical, the study of the laser induced fluorescence and resonance enhanced multiphoton ionization of mental radical, the study of the photodissociation dynamics of polyatomic molecule. The preliminary experiment result of time of flight mass spectrum of CS_2 produced by laser resonance enhanced multiphoton ionization was obtained.


The Wujiaping Stage in the Permian is mainly composed of clastic rocks with bauxite in Qiubei Area,southeast of Yunnan Provence,China.Based on the analysis of sedimentary characteristics of sections and the geological data of this area,the sedimentary environment of the area during early Wujiaping period was reported as mud coast to restricted shallow marine.According to the qualitative and quantitative analysis of the characteristics of 54 sections,lithofacies paleogeographic map of the first sequence of Wujiaping Stage was drawn,with single factor analysis and comprehensive mapping method.It is considered that the dominant sedimentary environment of the area in the early Wujiaping Age is tidal flat to shallow marine,and the bauxite beds mainly developed in the first third-sequence of the lower Wujiapingian Stage.According to the analysis of the relation between distribution of known mineralization point and paleogeography,it can be obtained that the most conducive environment for the formation of bauxite is subtidal zone to upper shallow marine.


The purpose of this study was to identify risk factors for pulmonary involvement by examining the demographic, clinical, and laboratory characteristics of children with COVID‐19. We performed a retrospective single‐center study of COVID‐19 in children treated at a tertiary care hospital in Turkey from December 2020 to June 2021. During the course of the study, 126 patients were evaluated, of whom 70/126 were male. The patients' ages ranged from 1 to 216 (mean, 4.73 ± 81.11) months. Fever (65.9%), cough (52.4%), and shortness of breath (18.3%) were the most common symptoms of COVID‐19. Ten patients required noninvasive mechanical ventilation. Sixty‐nine patients (54.8%) had pneumonia. Longer duration of fever, hospitalization, and the presence of cough were significantly associated with pulmonary involvement. Children with pneumonia had significantly higher levels of C‐reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and viral load, and significantly lower counts of lymphocytes and thrombocytes. The cutoff viral load, CRP, and procalcitonin values for predicting pulmonary involvement were 26.5 cycle threshold (Ct; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.54–0.74; sensitivity, 0.65; specificity, 0.56; area under curve [AUC]: 0.647, p = 0.005), 7.85 mg/L (95% CI, 0.56–0.75; sensitivity, 0.66; specificity, 0.64; AUC = 0.656; p = 0.003) and 0.105 ng/ml (95% CI, 0.52–0.72; sensitivity, 0.55; specificity, 0.58; AUC = 0.626; p = 0.02), respectively. High CRP, procalcitonin levels, ESR, and viral load, and low lymphocyte and thrombocyte counts can predict pulmonary involvement in children with COVID‐19, so better management may be provided for good prognosis.


In this note we determine the values of parameters c for which the polynomial representation of the degenerate double affine Hecke algebra (DAHA), i.e. the trigonometric Cherednik algebra, is reducible. Namely, we show that c is a reducibility point for the polynomial representation of the trigonometric Cherednik algebra for a root system R if and only if it is a reducibility point for the rational Cherednik algebra for the Weyl group of some root subsystem R' of R of the same rank; such subsystems for any R are given by the well known Borel-de Siebenthal algorithm. This result has been proved by Cherednik using a case-by-case method.


Changes in the molecular structure of a low defect structured kaolinite, intercalated with potassium and cesium acetates have been studied using FTIR reflectance and FT-Raman spectroscopy. Additional Raman bands, attributed to the inner surface hydroxyl groups strongly hydrogen bonded to the acetate, are observed at ∼3605 cm−1 for the potassium and at 3598 and 3606 cm−1 for cesium acetate intercalates with the consequential loss of intensity in the bands at 3652, 3670, 3684 and 3693 cm−1. Changes in the position of the band assigned to the inner hydroxyl group are observed upon the formation of the cesium acetate intercalate. DRIFT results are complementary to the Raman microscopic investigations and have proven particularly useful in the study of the hydration sphere of the intercalating cation and the possible effect of the cation on the position of the band assigned to the inner hydroxyl group.


A channel share scheme is proposed as a solution to the resource allocation problem in cognitive radio networks whereby two secondary users can occupy the same channel simultaneously with the primary user. The solution will increase utilisation thus freeing up much needed spectrum to accommodate many more users. Processor sharing techniques have been developed but have not been extensively applied in cognitive radio networks, specifically, the weighted head of line processor sharing scheme has the potential of improving spectrum usage in networks. In this paper, we propose using transmission power as the basis for the weighting parameter. We then develop the state transition matrices for the model using continuous time Markov chains. Queues are imposed on both secondary users. The model is evaluated through simulations done on various network conditions. The results show that the proposed model offers a significant improvement over an ordinary M#x002F;M#x002F;1 two priority system. The applications can lead to improved network efficiency by allowing more users to transmit within a network.


Summary The freshwater snail Bulinus coulboisi (Bourguignat) has been reported by previous authors to occur in a large area of central and eastern Africa, and to be a potential intermediate host for Schistosoma haematobium. In order to establish the taxonomic position of B. coulboisi, the present authors made observations on preserved specimens from the type-locality on the western shore of Lake Tanganyika, and on snails collected alive at Kigoma on the eastern shore. Information is presented for the shell, radula, copulatory organ, egg proteins, certain enzymes and chromosome number. The tetraploid chromosome number (2n=72), biochemical features and morphological characteristics of our materials provide evidence that B. coulboisi is a southern form of B. truncatus (Audouin, 1827). The latter species is widespread in northern Africa and is an important intermediate host for S. haematobium, particularly in Egypt and Sudan. The present observations and those of other authors indicate that B. coulboisi lives...


INTRODUCTION The ability to understand calculations involving the Nernst equation is a fundamental skill expected of all students studying excitable membranes. The typical scenario encountered by students involves an intracellular compartment separated from the extracellular fluid by a semipermeable membrane (7). Under these conditions, the Nernst equation can be expressed as: EX RT zF ln [X]o [X]i 61.5 z log10 [X]o [X]i where EX is the reversal potential; [X]o and [X]i are the extracellular and intracellular ion concentrations, respectively; z is the valence of the ion; R is the gas constant; T is the absolute temperature; and F is Faraday's constant (7), initially reducing to the factor 26.7 mV at 37°C, then to 61.5 mV, if log10 rather than ln is used, since log10x ln x/ln 10. The equation and its utility in determining membrane potential (Em) are considered sufficiently important to justify dedicated chapAddress for reprint requests and other correspondence: A. M. Brown, School of Life Sciences, Queens Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK (e-mail: email@example.com).


In this work, we simulate the electromagnetic field of a rectangular waveguide with side holes. The Helmholtz equations for a given waveguide and dispersion equations are solved. As a result of numerical calculations, the obtained numerical values build the dependence of the modulus of the effective impedance on the wavelength for different types of waves.


Prior research treats CSR as a unitary construct. Using principal component analysis, we show that CSR activities can be divided into two types: Responsive (RCSR) that include initiatives that address specific concerns caused by firm activity and Adaptive (ACSR) that are initiatives that anticipate concerns before they arise. We find that Responsive motives are roughly three times more dominant than Adaptive motives. Larger firms, as well as older firms and more diversified firms invest more in Responsive CSR while younger firms and more focused firms tend to invest more in Adaptive CSR.

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Grammar checkers have become hot selling items in the software market over the last several years. The subject of numerous reviews and much discussion by software vendors, grammar checkers are long on promises and, some would say, short on delivery. Writers and English teachers who have experimented with them tend to either love them or hate them, but one message is clear?grammar checkers cannot be relied on to correct grammar, only to point out possible problems, and then only in a narrow range. Here's an example. I passed the fol lowing sentence to a grammar checker designed for my microcomputer:


To obtain two kinds of tomograms at two different
X-ray energy ranges simultaneously, we have constructed a dual-energy X-ray
photon counter with a lutetium-oxyorthosilicate photomultiplier detector
system, three comparators, two
microcomputers, and two frequency-voltage converters. X-ray photons are
detected using the detector system, and the event pulses are input to three
comparators simultaneously to determine threshold energies. At a tube voltage
of 100 kV, the three threshold energies are 16, 35 and 52 keV, and two energy
ranges are 16 - 35 and 52 - 100 keV. X-ray photons
in the two ranges are counted using microcomputers, and the logical pulses from
the two microcomputers are input to two frequency-voltage converters. In
dual-energy computed tomography (CT), the tube voltage and current were 100 kV
and 0.29 mA, respectively. Two tomograms were obtained simultaneously at two
energy ranges. The energy ranges for gadolinium-L-edge and K-edge CT were 16 - 35 and 52 - 100 keV, respectively.
The maximum count rate of dual-energy CT was 105 kilocounts per second with
energies ranging from 16 to 100 keV, and the exposure time for tomography was
19.6 min.


The present invention relates to a method and container for sealing a tubular package made of plastic material, wherein the method comprises at least the following operations: a) rolling operation the rolling material (11) is rolled, b ) configuration operations ends (8, 9) are placed close to each other of the rolling material (11), c) molten resin cord (12) is pushed onto the end portion (8, 9), and is deposited that extrusion operation, d) the end (8,9) of the melting operation to be melted with the code (12), e) the compression operation the sealing region is compressed, f) cooling operation the sealing portion is cooled . .The 10


A method for modifying circuit of sound card to realize DC voltage(-10~+10 V)measurement is described based on analyzing its working principle.The modified sound card is applied in DC motor motion control experiment system.The card has many advantages,such as stable performance and flexible commonality.It meets application requirement of engineering measurement and experiment teaching,and so it can substitute for commercial data acquisition card in these situations.Thus it puts forward a low-cost and convenient data acquisition instrument for engineering measurement and experiment teaching.


Congenital heart defects are found with the frequency of 6-8 cases per 1000 childbirth. They are most threatening the child's life in the period after birth, especially in case by their characteristics they refer to the so-called critical defects: coarctation of the aorta, hypoplastic syndrome of the left heart, critical pulmonary artery stenosis, aortic stenosis, pulmonary artery atresia with intact interventricular septum. Coarctation of the aorta is one of the most common cardiac and vascular defects, accounting for about 8% of birth defects among the born alive neonates. This is a disorder of the normal development of the aorta in the projection of its isthmus up to complete interruption. The frequency of the hypoplastic syndrome of the left heart is 1-8% of all birth defects in the heart. With this pathology, 72% of newborns die during the first week of life. Critical pulmonary artery stenosis is approximately 11% of all birth defects in the heart; it can be compared by the occurrence with ventricular or atrial septum defects, characterized by the presence of obstacles that slow down the overall flow of blood in the area of the pulmonary trunk valve. Aortic stenosis is a group of congenital heart defects characterized by disorders of the blood flow from the left ventricle to the aorta. The following types of stenosis are differentiated:  subvalvular (20-25%), supravalvular (5-10%), and valvular (50-70%). Atresia of the pulmonary artery with an intact interventricular septum is a rare congenital heart disease, in 25% of cases atresia is formed due to muscular obliteration of the right ventricle arterial cone.


The specific bacteria in forests and on oil palm plantations are lipolytic bacteria. Their enzymes have been applied in the agro-aquaculture, food, detergent, pharmaceutical, dairy, and biodiesel-biokerosene industries. This study describes the diversity of cultivable lipolytic bacteria from soil and aquatic sediment in a forest and on an oil palm plantation and their fatty acid products. Soil samples used in this research were obtained from topsoil in a lowland forest and on an oil palm plantation and from sediments in fresh water near these sites. The forest is located in Bukit Duabelas National Park, and the oil palm plantation is near the forest in Sarolangun District, Jambi Province, Indonesia. Twenty-two isolates of lypolitic bacteria were selected from 32 isolates grown in lipolytic selective medium. The 22 consisted of 11 isolates from topsoil and 11 from aquatic sediment from the forest and plantation area. These isolates were identified by 16S rRNA-sequence data analysis. Taxonomically, they belonged to five genera: Burkholderia, Cupriavidus, Serratia, Acinetobacter, and Kurthia. The maximum likelihood tree showed that they are phylogenetically distributed in three clusters. They were clustered into three groups: the Burkholderia-Cupriavidus group, the Serratia-Acinetobacter group, and the Kurthia group. Their lipolytic enzymes formed various fatty acids after analysis by gas chromatography-flame ionization detector (GC-FID). Some isolates formed essential fatty acids, such as linoleic, linolenic, arachidonic, eicosapentanoic acid (EPA), and docosahexanoic acid (DHA).


This article seeks to discuss possible contributions of addressing the environmental issue as an optional standard for the Conceive, Design, Implement and Operate - CDIO methodology. In turn, the environmental approach was based on Biomimetics in which models of nature serve as inspiration for the design of products and processes to solve human problems. In this article, the development of a students' project of the civil engineering course carried out in an optional course at PUC-SP with the union of the methodologies of CDIO and Biomimicry will be detailed. The general objective of the optional course was to create a Biomimetic engineering solution: students should choose a problem to be worked on and, from that, they should seek inspiration in nature through analysis of morphological, physiological, anatomical characteristics of living beings or even in phenomena nature to develop the conception of your project. The project described here adopted as an object of study the improvement of the interlocking of structural masonry with the use inspired by Nacre: from the analysis of Nacre's morphology, the students sought to reproduce the interlocking characteristics of this material that would influence its resistance. Through the union of CDIO and Biomimetic methodologies, students had the possibility to develop research and prototyping skills, competences, hypothesis testing and product validation. It was possible to understand in practice how the concepts of physics, mechanics of solids and strength of materials are applied to the prototype. More than the inclusion of the issue of sustainability in engineering education and in the 12 CDIO standards, inspiration in nature can assist in the development of research and innovations for engineering products, processes and systems.


A novel compact internal triple-band handset antenna for covering the GSM900, DCS1800, and PCS1900 bands is presented. This proposed antenna mainly consists of two folded meandering branches to meet the needs for triple-band operation and occupies a total volume of 32×10×4 mm3. The HFSS simulation software is employed for optimizing the design parameters. A prototype has been fabricated and studied. Both simulated and measured results show that the resulting antenna is able to operate in the GSM, DCS and PCS bands with return loss less than −7.5 dB (VSWR ≪ 2.5). The measured maximum radiation gains at the frequencies of 0.92, 1.8 and 1.9 GHz are about 2.2, 4.6 and 4.8 dBi, respectively.


Leptophytum Adey (in Hydrobiologia 28: 323. 1966) was originally established to accommodate two widely distributed North Atlantic-Arctic species; viz. its type Leptophytum laeve (Stromfelt) Adey and Leptophytum foecundum (Kjellman) Adey. Subsequent studies have added to the genus a total of 15 species from temperate regions in both the Southern and Northern Hemispheres (Adey in Kgl. Norske Vidensk. Selsk. Skr. 1: 1-46. 1970; Zaneveld & Sanford in Blumea 26: 205-231. 1980; Steneck & Paine in Phycologia 25: 221-240. 1986; Chamberlain in Br. Phycol J. 25: 179-199. 1990; Chamberlain & Keats in Phycologia 33: 111-133. 1994). Woelkerling (The Coralline Red Algae: 217. 1988) treated Leptophytum as being of uncertain status because the whereabouts of the type material of Leptophytum laeve (= Lithophyllum laeve Stromfelt) was unknown. Dilwel & Wegeberg (in Phycologia 35: 470-483. 1996) reported the discovery by W. J. Woelkerling of the holotype of Stromfelt's Lithophyllum laeve in the Swedish Museum of Natural History in Stockholm (S), and after a study concluded that this element along with the original description of Str6mfelt (l.c.) were inadequate to define the identity of the species. Therefore, these authors selected an epitype from new material collected at the type locality Eyrarbakki (South Iceland). Unfortunately, the epitype selected and described by Diiwel & Wegeberg shows key characteristics of the lectotype of Phymatolithon lenormandii (Areschoug) Adey, rendering Leptophytum laeve and Leptophytum junior synonyms of Phymatolithon lenormandii and Phymatolithon Foslie, respectively. We have recently re-examined the holotype of Lithophyllum laeve Str6mfelt and shown that this element is in agreement with the protologue, matching not the selected epitype but all later descriptions of Leptophytum laeve as circumscribed in the literature of the 20th century (Adey & al. in Eur. J. Phycol. 36: 191-203. 2001) (see Table 1). A distinctive statement in the protologue, that the sporangia of Lithophyllum laeve Str6mfelt were twice as big as those of Phymatolithon lenormandii, is a characteristic definitively present in the holotype and clearly distinguishes these two species. Multiporate conceptacle roofs are also present in the holotype, and these numerically fall in the middle of the extensively described size and sporangial number (pore) range for Leptophytum laeve, at roughly twice the dimensions and pores of Phymatolithon lenormandii, and well beyond the maximum size range known for the latter species. Additionally, pore cells of multiporate conceptacles of the holotype are specialized and in agreement with those described for this species and not for Phymatolithon lenormandii (Adey & al. l.c.). The epitypification of Str6mfelt's Lithophyllum laeve by Dtiwel & Wegeberg has resulted in this name being presently typified by two heterogeneous elements, i.e., the holotype and the epitype, each apparently belonging to a different species and genus. Only the holotype is in agreement with the protologue, and since only this element provides key characteristics that unequivocally refer to our understanding of Lithophyllum laeve Stromfelt, the selected epitype by Diiwel & Wegeberg is both unwarranted and in serious conflict with the protologue. Nevertheless, the epitype cannot just be rejected, as


recent surge in the level of U.S. troops to Iraq has fueled speculation that preemptive air strikes against Iran's vast network of underground nuclear facilities is in the offing. This speculation raises a number of key questions regarding the justifiable uses and limits of preemptive war. We seek to know the conditions under which preemptive military action against an adversary is morally permissible according to the Right of Nations as determined by the laws and customs of war. I intend to show that preemptive action is morally justifiable only when all of the following criteria are satisfied: 1 preemptive attack must be an act of self-defense; 2 the danger posed by the adversary must be immediate and certain, imminent and deadly; 3 the prospect of an adversary's attack must be empirically verifiable through adequate intelligence; 4 there must be substantial evidence that inaction is more dangerous than action. None of these conditions currently obtain in the case of Iran's growing nuclear weapons program, though they continue to be operative in the case of international terrorists in the planning stages of an attack.1 The limits of just war demand that U.S. policy makers recognize that the specific conditions under which preemption is justifiable are inherently more difficult to satisfy in the case of a nation-state adversary than in the case of a non-state adversary. The Bush II administration is currently running the risk of confusing the just grounds it has to conduct counter-terrorism globally for a blank check to anticipate and prevent possible eventualities (as with Iran's nuclear program) that it does not strictly have the right to anticipate militarily at the present time. Aggression must materialize before any talk of self-defense by means of preemption can be justified under international law; failure to recognize and abide this basic distinction between imminent danger versus danger merely potential or supposed threatens to undermine the ability of U.S. policy makers to harness public support for future counter-terrorism against bands of individuals who continue to be in the planning stages of an attack.


In forestry it is important to have accurate information about the forest. LiDAR (laser scanning) can be used to scan vast areas of forest and from the data extract information about the trees. The ...


Michael Peter Esnouf was born in Lancashire where his father was a house-master at Rossall School. His parents and ancestral line came from Jersey in the Channel Islands and the family would return as often as possible. When Jersey was occupied between 1940-45 his maternal grandmother had sufficient warning to go and join the family at Rossall whilst Peter's grandfather, who was a GP stayed to attend to his patients.


This guide has been created in order to facilitate the migration of libraries from both "legacy" RefWorks and "new" RefWorks to Zotero. This is step 3 in setting up Zotero


The invention discloses a hydraulic cylinder which comprises a piston, a piston rod, an end cover and a locking device, wherein the locking device comprises a locking piece and a locking groove, and the locking groove is positioned on the front side of the end cover; and when the piston approaches the end cover, the locking piece can be positioned in the locking groove, one side of the locking piece abuts on the back side of the piston, and the other side of the locking piece abuts on the end cover and the side wall of the locking groove. When the piston moves to approach the end cover, the locking piece is positioned between the piston and the end cover, one side of the locking piece, which faces towards the end cover, can simultaneously abut on the side wall of the locking groove and the end cover. The force of the piston, which is born by the end cover, can be shared by the side wall of the locking groove by the locking piece, the end cover can be effectively protected, and the working reliability of the hydraulic cylinder is improved. The invention further discloses a hydraulic system which comprises the hydraulic cylinder.


Stigma: Advances in Theory and Research Arjan E. R. Bos, John B. Pryor, Glenn D. Reeder, and Sarah E. Stutterheim 1. A New Stigmatized Identity? Comparisons of a "Food Addict" Label With Other Stigmatized Health Conditions Jenny A. DePierre, Rebecca M. Puhl, and Joerg Luedicke 2. Stigmatization, Repair, or Undesirable Side Effect of Tolerance? Being Clear About What We Study and Target for Intervention Anton J. M. Dijker 3. Belittled, Avoided, Ignored, Denied: Assessing Forms and Consequences of Stigma Experiences of People With Mental Illness Marie Ilic, Jost Reinecke, Gerd Bohner, Hans-Onno Rottgers, Thomas Beblo, Martin Driessen, Ulrich Frommberger, and Patrick William Corrigan 4. Stigma and Psychological Distress in People With HIV/AIDS Gregory M. Herek, Sona Saha, and Jeffrey Burack 5. Turning Our Attention to Stigma: An Objective Self-Awareness Analysis of Stigma and Its Consequences Elizabeth C. Pinel and Jennifer K. Bosson 6. Motivation for Education and Work in Young Muslim Women: The Importance of Value for Ingroup Domains Colette Van Laar, Belle Derks, and Naomi Ellemers 7. "Discredited" Versus "Discreditable": Understanding How Shared and Unique Stigma Mechanisms Affect Psychological and Physical Health Disparities Stephenie R. Chaudoir, Valerie A. Earnshaw, and Stephanie Andel 8. When Stigma-by-Association Threatens, Self-Esteem Helps: Self-Esteem Protects Volunteers in Stigmatizing Contexts Patrick C. Dwyer, Mark Snyder, and Allen M. Omoto 9. Cultural Differences in Targets of Stigmatization Between Individual- and Group-Oriented Cultures Hyeyoung Shin, John F. Dovidio, and Jaime L. Napier 10. The Intimate Partner Violence Stigmatization Model and Barriers to Help Seeking Nicole M. Overstreet and Diane M. Quinn 11. "Don't Stigmatize": The Ironic Effects of Equal Opportunity Guidelines in Interviews Juan M. Madera and Michelle R. Hebl 12. Erasing the Stigma: Where Science Meets Advocacy Patrick W. Corrigan and Kristin A. Kosyluk 13. A Peek Inside the Targets' Toolbox: How Stigmatized Targets Deflect Discrimination by Invoking a Common Identity Toni Schmader, Alyssa Croft, Jessica Whitehead, and Jeff Stone


The compression coefficient (Cc) is an important soil mechanical parameter that represents soil compressibility in the process of consolidation. In this study, a machine learning derived model, namely extreme learning algorithm (ELM), was used to predict the Cc of soil. A total of 189 experimental results were used and randomly divided to construct the training and testing parts for the development and validation of ELM. Monte Carlo approach was applied to take into account the random sampling of samples constituting the training dataset. A number of 13 input parameters reflecting the experiment were used as the input variables to predict the output Cc. Several statistical criteria, such as mean absolute error (MAE), root mean square error (RMSE), correlation coefficient (R) and the Monte Carlo convergence estimator were used to assess the performance of ELM in predicting the Cc of soil. The results showed that ELM had a strong capacity to predict the Cc of soil, with the R value > 0.95. The convergence of results, as well as the capability of ELM were fully investigated to understand the advantage of using ELM as a predictor.


N,N'-Dicyclohexyl-2,6-naphthalenedicarboxamide (NJS) is an efficient nucleating agent to prepare isotactic polypropylene (iPP) samples rich in the β-modification (β-iPP). However, NJS is not a selective β-nucleating agent, as the related samples always contain both α and β modification of iPP. Depending on the final temperature of heating (Tf), NJS may be partially or completely dissolved in the iPP melt. The dual nucleation ability of NJS was studied by polarized light microscopy (PLM) and calorimetry (DSC). It was established that the lateral surface of the needle crystals of NJS acts as α-nucleating agent. Because of the solubility and dual nucleating ability of NJS, a wide variety of supermolecular structures may form in its presence. The feature of the structure formed during the crystallization of iPP depends on the concentration of the nucleating agent, on the end temperature of heating, and on the thermal conditions during cooling and crystallization. In this study we observed an αβ-transcrystalli...


Soldier seated at a table receives artillery ranges for the New Zealand Howitzer Battery by field telephone. Photograph taken 1917 by Henry Armytage Sanders.
An original print from this negative is in album PA1-f-091
Inscriptions: Photographer's title on negative - bottom left - H199
Quantity: 1 b&w original negative(s).
Physical Description: Dry plate glass negative 4 x 5 inches


SummaryTwo wild taxa (Antirrhinum majus ssp. barrelieri and A. microphyllum) and a commercial cultivar (Floral Carpet) of snapdragon were successfully micropropagated. Seedling nodes were multiplied on MS medium supplemented with 5 µM BAP (or 4.44 µM for the cultivar). Rooting took place in MS medium without growth regulators. In general terms, the addition of auxins to the medium did not improve the rooting of shoots. High survival percentages (over 80%) were obtained when plantlets were transferred to soil.


Depending on the specific impurities and defect spectrum of a silicon material, the minority carrier lifetime can react diversely to rapid thermal processing (RTP). We have measured the lifetime of silicon materials before and after RTP and have diffused solar cells either by RTP or by conventional quartz tube furnace processing (CFP). Our investigations show that the lifetime of Fz-Si can be preserved during RTP resulting in up to 18.7 % efficient solar cells. For 1.4 /spl Omega/cm PV-grade Cz-Si, the stable lifetime after light degradation could be improved by up to 60 % by RTP. In the case of EFG-Si, the same average cell efficiency was obtained with RTP diffusion as with the industrial reference diffusion process. However, in the case of block-cast mc-Si, the lifetime decreases with increasing diffusion temperature indicating that P-diffusion in the second range might provide insufficient gettering.


The structures, molecular energies and electronic properties of a series of substituted fluoroalkenes and the corresponding alkane sultones, derived from the addition of sulfur trioxide to the double bond, have been explored using a combination of molecular modelling and theoretical calculations. Both the calculated charge distributions at carbon and the calculated enthalpies of the addition process show a good correlation with the observed selectivity of electrophilic attack by the sulfur atom of sulfur trioxide, especially for unsymmetrical alkenes where there are two possible sites of addition. Mechanistically, the reactions of ethene and tetrafluoroethene with sulfur trioxide proceed via formation of stable π-complexes to give a transition state in the former case which is predicted to have a comparable energy to that found experimentally for the related reaction of octadec-1-ene.


The invention provides a high temperature resistant anticorrosive paint. The high temperature resistant anticorrosive paint consists of the following components in parts by weight: 15-25 parts of epoxy modified organic silicon resin, 20-30 parts of organic silicon resin, 3-6 parts of a curing agent, 3-8 parts of aluminum silicate fibers, 6-12 parts of titanium dioxide powder, 7-10 parts of zinc oxide powder, 15-22 parts of fillers, 0.5-2 parts of a coupling agent and 20-35 parts of a solvent. The high temperature resistant anticorrosive paint provided by the technical scheme disclosed by the invention has excellent high temperature resistance, and good corrosion resistance. Meanwhile, the paint has stable performance, and good coating effect, durability and weather resistance.


An 80-year-old man with a 15-year history of Parkinson disease, experiencing complications of levodopa therapy (wearing-off phenomenon and peak-dose dyskinesias), was initiated on rotigotine patch (2 mg, titrated …


Thank you very much for reading energy transfer parameters of aromatic compounds. Maybe you have knowledge that, people have search hundreds times for their chosen books like this energy transfer parameters of aromatic compounds, but end up in infectious downloads. Rather than enjoying a good book with a cup of coffee in the afternoon, instead they are facing with some malicious virus inside their computer.


Keeping minor principle stress and medium principle stress fixed and loading in the direction of maximum principle stress are the potential stress path in practical projects,under which several groups with different water contents of true triaxial tests about remolding loess are studied. Results show that the values of initial elastic modulus and principal deviator stress decrease with water content increasing. In certain defined principal deviator stress,lateral deformation increases with water content increasing. The Poisson's ratio can be greater than 0.5 in the direction of minor principle stress and the expansion in the direction of minor principle stress is greater than that in the direction of medium principle stress.


The wheel rim is an annular and thin-walled structure with complex structural features and working conditions. Guaranteeing its safety and lightweight are two major concerns in wheel rim design. In this study, a shape optimization method based on load path analysis is proposed to evaluate and optimize the structure of the wheel rim. The load-transfer law of the wheel rim is identified based on the load path visualization. Two design criteria are put forward to evaluate the load-bearing performance and give the improvement suggestions. Then, the shape optimization problem is simplified to a parameter optimization problem, and the optimal size combination performance-oriented is obtained using the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA-II). As a case study, a wheel rim is redesigned and the optimization result shows that the stiffness and strength are improved under bending and radial fatigue simulation, while the weight is reduced by 3.78%. Two stages of experimental studies are carried out to verify the optimization method. The static pressure test shows that the bending resistance performance of the wheel rim is improved by 4.57%, and the load transfer is more uniform. The radial impact test shows that the impact deformation at a high energy level is reduced by 13.77%, indicating that the impact resistance performance is significantly improved.


As over 70p of the earth's surface is covered by water, it is desirable to deploy underwater sensor networks (UWSNs) to support oceanic research. UWSNs use acoustic waves and are characterized by long and variable propagation delays, intermittent connectivity, limited bandwidth and low bit rates. Energy savings have always been the primary concern in wireless sensor network protocols; however, there are applications where the latency and throughput are prioritized over energy efficiency and are so significant that the application would not be able to satisfy its requirements without them. Although existing duty-cycle MAC protocols are power efficient, they introduce significant end-to-end delivery latency, provide poor throughput and are not suitable for the challenging environment of a UWSN. In this paper, we utilize CDMA as the underlying multiple access technique, due to its resilience to multi-path and Doppler's effects prevalent in underwater environments. We propose UW-MAC, a CDMA-based power-controlled medium access protocol that uses both transmitter-based and receiver-based CDMA inside a formed cluster, and uses a TDMA schedule to make the cluster heads communicate with the base station. Our MAC algorithm targets the latency and throughput needs in addition to its ability to increase the overall network lifetime. We discuss the design of UW-MAC, and provide a head-to-head comparison with other protocols through extensive simulations focusing on the performance in terms of latency, throughput, and energy consumption. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Under water sensor networks (UWSNs) use acoustic waves and are characterized by long and variable propagation delays, intermittent connectivity, limited bandwidth and low bit rates. Although existing duty-cycle MAC protocols are power efficient, they introduce significant end-to-end delivery latency, provide poor throughput and are not suitable for the challenging environment of an UWSN. In this paper, we propose UW-MAC, a CDMA-based power controlled medium access protocol that uses both transmitter-based and receiver-based CDMA inside a formed cluster, and uses a TDMA schedule to make the cluster heads communicate with the base station. Our MAC algorithm targets the latency and throughput needs in addition to its ability to increase the overall network lifetime. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


BiFeO3 is an important material because of its multiferroic properties: a simultaneous electric polarization below 1100 K [1] and a long range magnetic order below 640 K [2–5]. The main motivation of the studies of the electronic and magnetic properties of BiFeO3 is due to potential applications of the magnetoelectric coupling at temperatures around room temperature (RT) [6–9]. Early studies of BiFeO3 single crystals reported a relatively weak polarization values around 6.1 μC/cm [1]. A significant increase of the polarization up to 60 μC/cm was reported in BiFeO3 strained thin films [10]. It has been shown recently that high values of the electric polarization around 70 μC/cm can be also observed in thin films without large strains [11]. Similar polarization values were also observed recently in high quality BiFeO3 single crystals [12] and in ceramic samples [13]. It is therefore important to distinguish the effects due to changes of the crystal structure of bulk BiFeO3 from effects due to sample morphologies, like strains, impurities, grain boundaries, etc. . . These recent results underline the importance of a precise knowledge of the bulk BiFeO3 crystal structure in a wide temperature range. A schematic presentation of the BiFeO3 unit cell and the ordering of the Fe magnetic moments is shown in Fig. 1. Important changes of the Raman spectra observed in BiFeO3 single crystals at T ∗ = 550 K [14] and a maximum of the thermal expansion coefficient near 640 K [15, 16] suggest a strong spin-lattice coupling. Recently, a number of BiFeO3 studies have shown important phenomena also at temperatures below RT. The spontaneous polarization of a single crystal BiFeO3 shows quite unusual temperature behaviour with two local maxima (with opposite signs) near 100 K and 200 K, as shown in Refs. [18, 19]. Another study has shown a considerable increase of the low frequency permittivity and dielectric loss in BiFeO3 between 150 K and 200 K [20]. There are also changes of the Fe nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) signal reported at RT and at 100 K [21], and anomalies of the Raman spectra near 140 K and 200 K Fig. 1. (a) Schematic presentation of the BiFeO3 unit cell in the hexagonal setting of space group R3c. The Bi, Fe and O ions are shown with blue, red and yellow symbols, respectively. The distorted FeO6 octahedra are shown in green. The (almost) antiparallel Fe magnetic moments are shown with red arrows. The lower part of the figure (b) shows that the magnetic moments' direction changes in a periodic way [3].


Genomic variations such as point mutations and gene fusions are directly or indirectly associated with human diseases. They are recognized as diagnostic, prognostic markers and therapeutic targets. However, predicting the functional impact of these genetic alterations beyond affected genes and their products is challenging because diseased phenotypes are likely dependent of complex molecular interaction networks. Using as models three different chromosomal translocations ETV6-RUNX1 (TEL-AML1), BCR-ABL1, and TCF3-PBX1 (E2A-PBX1), frequently found in precursor-B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (preB-ALL), we develop an approach to extract perturbed molecular interactions from gene expression changes. We show that the MYC and JunD transcriptional circuits are specifically deregulated following ETV6-RUNX1 and TCF3PBX1 gene fusions, respectively. We also identified the bulk mRNA NXF1-dependent machinery as a direct target for the TCF3-PBX1 fusion protein. Through a novel approach combining gene expression and interactome data analysis, we provide new insight into TCF3-PBX1 and ETV6RUNX1 acute lymphoblastic leukemia, http://www.molbiolcell.org/content/suppl/2014/09/29/mbc.E14-06-1038v1.DC1 Supplemental Material can be found at:


— We are investigating the ensemble behavior of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) when dispersed in an electro-optically active liquid crystalline (LC) matrix. Using high-resolution scanning magneto-optical Kerr ef-fect (MOKE), we characterize the spatial distribution of 10 nm Fe3O4 MNPs in a room temperature nematic LC, 5CB. Our results show that the presence of MNPs in the LC material affects the host itself, by changing the threshold magnetic field required for molecular re-orientation. In addition, as the LC material is cooled from the isotropic to the nematic phase, it also allows clustering of the MNPs suspended in it. We are following up on this part by using quantum dots (QDs) in conjunction with MNPs in LC and using the emission from QDs as spatial labels of MNP cluster positions. Our studies indicate the possibilities of modulation of both LC and MNP properties in the composite samples.


This paper presents a methodology for analysing non-home-based (NHB) trips, and shows how the conclusions of its analysis were implemented in APRIL, the strategic model developed for assessing congestion charging in London. The model is incremental, and aims to predict the changes in travel that result from generalised cost changes. NHB trips are classified, and the implications are considered of charges applied to the home-based (HB) and NHB movements for each class. Several aspects of an analysis of Greater London Travel Survey data are considered: (1) its general approach; (2) NHB trips associated with work and non-work related HB tours; and (3) a synthesis of the results. There is a fairly extensive mathematical discussion of temporal and spatial variations in the APRIL model. Although the method described here contains several ad-hoc assumptions, it has proved to be a practical way of handling the most important effects. The overall changes in NHB trips are linked to changes in HB movements. It has been possible to model a sensible variation by time of day. The admittedly crude spatial allocation of the change in total NHB trips usually ensures that the change will be concentrated in those areas most affected by the congestion charge. For the covering abstract see IRRD 869668.


A data-determined method is proposed to test for the law of one price as a long-run equilibrium condition and to identify which markets in a network of spatially dispersed commodity markets quote the reference price. The method consists of supplementing Johansen's FIML cointegration procedure with a permanent-transitory decomposition and rules of inference in linear time-series models with unit roots. As an example, we apply our method to prices of six corn markets in Benin. We find that the law of one price holds in the long-run. It appears that two rural markets quote the reference price: their prices adjust fastest towards the permanent change induced by the common stochastic trend.


Simple Summary Colon cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death worldwide. Therefore, the development of new therapeutic strategies is of the utmost importance. Previously, we identified a subset of colon cancers that are characterised by DNA methylation and have a poor prognosis. In this study, we therefore treated ten colon cancer patients with a demethylating agent, decitabine, to investigate if reversal of methylation is feasible and can be used as a novel therapy. Unfortunately, this study revealed that while decitabine treatment is effective in vitro, it only marginally decreased global methylation in patients and had no effect on the specific regions of DNA methylation in the tumours. Future studies should therefore focus on optimisation of treatment schedules in patients with highly methylated tumours. Abstract DNA hypermethylation is common in colon cancer. Previously, we have shown that methylation of WNT target genes predicts poor prognosis in stage II colon cancer. The primary objective of this study was to assess whether pre-operative treatment with decitabine can decrease methylation and increase the expression of WNT target genes APCDD1, AXIN2 and DKK1 in colon cancer patients. A clinical study was conducted, investigating these potential effects of decitabine in colon cancer patients (DECO). Patients were treated two times with 25 mg/m2 decitabine before surgery. Methylation and expression of LINE1 and WNT target genes (primary outcome) and expression of endogenous retroviral genes (secondary outcome) were analysed in pre- and post-treatment tumour samples using pyrosequencing and rt-PCR. Ten patients were treated with decitabine and eighteen patients were used as controls. Decitabine treatment only marginally decreased LINE1 methylation. More importantly, no differences in methylation or expression of WNT target or endogenous retroviral genes were observed. Due to the lack of an effect on primary and secondary outcomes, the study was prematurely closed. In conclusion, pre-operative treatment with decitabine is safe, but with the current dosing, the primary objective, increased WNT target gene expression, cannot be achieved.


Through the kindness of Dr. CARLO SPEGAZZINI, I have received recently a number of original packages containing type specimens of Meliola described earlier by Dr. SPEGAZZINI. In each case the packet bore on the outside copious penciled notes concerning the specimen and careful, delicate drawings of the more significant structures. This collection of types, together with the notes and drawings in particular, are a fine commentary on the work of Dr. SPEGAZZINI. When we remember the large volume of his descriptive work and reflect that not only his types but other specimens as well are thus thoroughly and carefully annotated and figured, we are in a position more adequately to recognize the great indebtedness of mycology to him. The drawings of the present collection have not been published, and in view of the comparative inaccessibility of most of these types, it is desirable that they should be made generally accessible to students by publication. Permission having been received from Dr. SPEGAZZINI, Dr. ALVA PETERSON has faithfully copied for me, for publication, the. most important of the drawings. Such copying was necessary, owing to the color of the paper upon which the originals were drawn, and the faintness of the penciling, which prohibited direct photographic reproduction. These drawings have been compared by me with the type material and are published herewith with such comments as seem necessary. A permanent celloidin mount' has been made from each specimen and, together with a fragment of the type specimen, is deposited in the herbarium of the University of Illinois. The original specimens have been returned to Dr. SPEGAZZINI at La Plata, Argentine. MELIOLA ARMATA Speg. (fig. i).-F. Puigg., Pug. I, no. 23I; Sacc. 9:4I5.


The aim of the study was to determine any possible differences in reading skill achievement with regard to the number of English lessons per week, fi nal school grade in English, learning English outside school, learning other foreign languages and using the Internet. Reading comprehension was tested in the eighth grade of primary school (on a sample of 1254 learners) and in the fourth grade of secondary school (on a sample of 656 learners). Results have shown that the number of English lessons per week has a positive infl uence on the reading skill achievement scores for secondary school learners, while no such trend is observable for primary school learners. There was a mild to moderate correlation between the overall English grade and the achievement on the reading comprehension test. Learning English outside school had a positive infl uence on the reading comprehension achievement score in primary school, which was not the case for secondary school learners. Finally, using the Internet was positively correlated with the reading skill in primary school learners.


In this paper, a rotor-permanent magnet inside a ring-shaped superconductor magnetic bearing system is modeled and simulated using a dynamic stiffness approach. Analytical expressions of the stiffness effects are defined on the basis of a magnetic potential obtained with a frozen-image concept. For engineering applications, the rotor dynamics must be considered with the effective stiffness of the ring-shaped superconducting magnetic bearing. In the proposed model, the variation of the stiffness and the dynamics of the rotor are analyzed for some initial angular and translational movements.


Abstract From research dating to the 1940s, we identified five precursor sentiments deemed important by organizational scientists studying reactions of organizational change recipients. Collectively, these sentiments constitute a framework for understanding reactions to change. We investigated the validity and utility of the framework for assessing the progress of an organizational change by using it to guide the analysis of qualitative interview data collected from a top management team as part of an assessment of a major organizational change. We demonstrate that the five-sentiment framework provides a useful and reliable tool for coding interview responses. In addition, the data, thus coded, provided very useful insight into the underlying concerns regarding the change. We suggest that the five sentiment framework is a useful guide for diagnosing change progress and planning measures to correct change shortcomings.


The effects of boron addition on the microstructure and afterglow properties of the long-phosphorescent SrAl_2O_4:Eu^2+,Dy^3+ (SAED), synthesized via a novel sol-gel route, were systematically investigated. Significant improvement on luminescence intensity and the lengthening of afterglow persistent time in boron-added SAED (BSAED) phases were observed, as compared to those without boron addition and commercial phosphors. Typical bluish-green emissions attributed to the doublet phosphorescence with wavelengths peaking at 412 and 501 nm for BSAED phase and 398 and 486 nm for the pristine SAED phase were observed. Afterglow with wavelengths peaking at 403 and 485 nm was observed for BSAED phase, whereas that with wavelengths peaking at 486.5 nm was found for the pristine SAED phase, as indicated by time-dependent afterglow decay profiles. Results from scanning electron microscopic morphological studies were used to investigate the modification of microstructure of the BSAED phases.


The genetics of seed coat color inheritance in Brassica juncea (L.) Coss. were studied. It was concluded that this character is controlled by two duplicate pairs of genes (R1, R2) for brown color, either of which can produce brown seed color when a single dominant allele is present. Yellow seed results when all alleles at both loci are recessive.


Correspondence *Dalvan Griebler, School of Technology, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Ipiranga Avenue, 6681, Porto Alegre/RS, Brazil. Email: firstname.lastname@example.com Summary Stream Processing is a parallel paradigm used in many application domains. With the advance of Graphics Processing Units (GPUs), their usage in stream processing applications has increased as well. The efficient utilization of GPU accelerators in streaming scenarios requires to batch input elements in micro-batches, whose computation is offloaded on the GPU leveraging data parallelism within the same batch of data. Since data elements are continuously received based on the input speed, the bigger the micro-batch size the higher the latency to completely buffer it and to start the processing on the device. Unfortunately, stream processing applications often have strict latency requirements that need to find the best size of themicro-batches and to adapt it dynamically based on the workload conditions as well as according to the characteristics of the underlying device and network. In this work, we aim at implementing latency-aware adaptive micro-batching techniques and algorithms for streaming compression applications targeting GPUs. The evaluation is conducted using the Lempel-Ziv-Storer-Szymanski (LZSS) compression application considering different inputworkloads. As a general result of ourwork,wenoticed that algorithms with elastic adaptation factors respond better for stable workloads, while algorithms with narrower targets respond better for highly unbalancedworkloads.


In this manuscript, the authors extended the LPJmL4.0 dynamic vegetation model to simulate variable rooting depth. Comparisons between different model versions for tropical South America showed that the novel approach improves most of the benchmarks used in the study. Overall, the study is well-conducted and solid. I agree with the authors that including variable rooting depth is important in DGVMs and the results and the presented model approach are therefore relevant for the modeling community. Previous models typically assumed PFT specific fixed rooting depth and/or a fixed soil depth globally.


The speckle noise in the imaging process of medical ultrasound imaging will be mixed with effective information, which will reduce the image quality and affect the doctor's diagnosis. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the denoising method of medical ultrasound images. Guided image filtering is a kind of edge-preserving algorithm, which can smooth the image at the same time reserving the edge of the image. However, because guided image filtering is insensitive to texture details, it can result in the loss of detailed information of the medical ultrasound image, and the fractional differential method can just compensate for this disadvantage. In order to reserve the edge features and texture features of medical images while removing noise, we propose a denoising method of medical ultrasound image based on guided image filtering and fractional derivative. Firstly, we logarithmically transform medical ultrasound images so the multiplicative noise is convert into additive noise. Then, in order to retain the detailed information of the medical ultrasound image, it is necessary to enhance its sensitivity to the texture details of the guide filter. In this paper, the image is processed with a fractional differential mask to obtain enhanced texture information, which is then imported into the guided image filter. Next, the medical ultrasound image is processed using the guided image filter containing texture information, and finally an exponential transformation is performed to obtain a denoised image. Through experiments, we can conclude that the proposed algorithm not only can effectively enhance the visual effects of ultrasound images while removing noise, but also can effectively preserve edge and texture information.


Based on the province level panel data from 2000 to 2008,this paper focuses on the impact of urbanization on urban-rural income gap by manipulating the spatial econometrics.The study finds that urbanization enlarged the income gap and when urbanization rate grows one percent the income gap grows 0.39 percent.The paper also finds that there exist substantial spatial interaction effects among neighboring provinces in urban-rural income gap indicator.


The utility model provides a household water saving hand sink, wherein, a drain pipe of the hand sink is connected with a three-way valve, the three-way valve is respectively connected with a drain port and a water storage tank of the hand sink body, domestic water with better quality is stored in the water storage tank for use through the three-way valve, domestic water with worse quality is directly drained to the drain port of the hand sink body through the three-way valve and is drained through sewer. The household water saving hand sink drains domestic water in classification manner, effectively saves domestic water and also has simple structure, low cost and higher market value.


The fault that quick-acting shutoff time of throttle valve is prolonged while turbine tripping or shut-down happened in many power plants, especially during the commissioning course of the new units. The security system of ND83/83/07-1 steam turbine being used as examples, the fault mechanism that quick-acting shutoff time is prolonged, and unloading valve operation principle were analyzed and investigated. These were explained further by means of specific examples. The study results show such a fact, that is, the necessary conditions which throttle valve quick-acting can come true normally are that emergency tripping oil route works well, controlling performance of actuator magnetic valve is all right, pretightening force of valve spool spring accords with the design request, oil route inside unloading valve is smooth and its module performance is all in good condition.


political invective (129–48), noting that where the success of Octavian and the coming of the Principate served to constrain elite discourse, 'non-elite invective, because of its diffuse nature, could engage the emperor more freely' (129). Alexandre Vincent draws much-needed attention to the sound-scapes of Roman political life (149–63). The 'music of power', he argues, was an 'an efcient, familiar and indeed effective tool of communication for the Roman population' (163). Jerry Toner's study of the intellectual lives of the non-elite (167–88) is a clarion call for a reassessment of the importance of the study of popular culture. Victoria Jennings demonstrates that the Life of Aesop can prove fertile ground for understanding the importance attached to divination in popular culture (189–207), and April Pudsey provides an analysis of different ways in which children's culture may be studied and understood (208–33); this should become a standard introduction to the study of children's experiences in the ancient world. The nal four chapters, on Late Antiquity, are particularly rich in examples of material evidence for the study of popular culture. Lucy Grig uses late antique ceramics to investigate the ways in which popular cultural practices (like dressing up as animals) associated with festivals such as the Kalends continued to inform people's experience (237–56). Nicola Denzey Lewis provides a re-reading of evidence for magical symbols and expressions in the catacombs (257–76) which suggests that, for many people, magic and Christianity were not viewed as mutually exclusive, but were instead part of their experience of 'lived religion'. Jaclyn Maxwell (277–95) and Julio Cesar Magalhães de Oliveira (296–317) both challenge the distinction between 'elite' theological knowledge and popular religious experience. Maxwell demonstrates signicant and informed popular engagement with theological issues of the day, and de Oliveira studies the 'everyday practices of communication' which informed the 'formative experiences of plebeian life' (298), in order to show the multiple ways in which theological and other issues of the day formed part of a conversation between the elite and the common people. Several papers in this volume will, I believe, become essential reading on the study of popular culture in the future. Theoretically rich, the papers also provide exemplary models for the use of a wide range of evidence from the ancient world: from evidence for gambling practice (Toner) and children's toys and apprenticeship documents (Pudsey), to the re-reading of texts such as Macrobius (Courrier) and the Life of Aesop (Jennings). Published collections of this kind which draw on the expertise of multiple scholars and represent the culmination of a fruitful exchange of ideas developed via conferences and collaborations and in which papers are 'developed and revised in a spirit of collegiality' (ix) are important, and increasingly rare. G. and her collaborators, as well as the editorial team at Cambridge University Press, are to be congratulated for producing a valuable volume, and for championing interdisciplinarity and collegial endeavour so successfully.


Based on the various aspects of the problems in teaching,and the course system characteristics of Water Quality Engineering,it proposes to train the students' professional ability,practice ability,and creative thinking skills comprehensively by improving the classroom teaching,paying attention to practice teaching,and making full use of out-of-class time.


Crude glycerin has been used as an alternative energy source in animal feeding and can thus change both the animal's performance and the levels of gene expression related to energy production process and the antioxidant system, since the effect of glycerin depends on its degree of purity in the diet. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of crude glycerin inclusion (0, 6 and 12%) in the diet has on performance characteristics and mRNA abundance of genes associated with the mitochondrial function (uncoupling protein (UCP), cytochrome C oxidase subunit III (COX III) and adenine nucleotide transporter (ANT)) and those that combat the reactive oxygen species (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx)) in the liver and muscle of broilers at 42 days of age. Total RNA was extracted from the tissues, and cDNA was amplified using specific primers for the genes under study through real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction; the endogenous gene used was β-actin. There was no difference between glycerin concentrations for weight gain, feed intake or feed conversion. Greater expression of UCP at muscle and higher GPx expression at liver were observed in broilers fed 12% glycerin. In conclusion, the addition of 12% glycerin to broiler diets increased the expression of UCP and GPx, but did not change broiler performance. Therefore, glycerin can be used as an alternative ingredient without losses.


The hawser used to moor a floating structure to an articulated column generates nonlinear restoring force for the angular displacement of articulated column. The nonlinear restoring force causes an oscillation with a period of several times the period of oscillatory exciting force, or subharmonic oscillation. The report deals with the conditions necessary for the subharmonic oscillation to occur when an articulated column placed in regular waves is provided with nonlinear restoring force. As the result of numerical analysis, it is clarified that the magnitude of nonlinear hydrodynamic drag force coefficient as well as wave period, wave amplitude and nonlinear spring constant are deeply associated with the occurrence of subharmonic oscillation. In particular, the role of drag force coefficient is important as the drag force coefficient increases, the possibility of occurrence of subharmonic oscillation is reduced. Besides, the subharmonic oscillation does not occur in waves of an arbitrary period, but does occur in a particular range of wave period which is determined by the oscillatory characteristics of an articulated column.


Recently, potential anti-cancer compounds are screened for its anti-diabetic activity. Search for anti-diabetic compounds are vital among researchers, as the rise in the number of diabetic patients is increasing day today. In the present study, in silico approach is carried out to find the anti-diabetic activity of two anti-cancer compounds namely Baicalein and Wogonin from Scutellaria baicalensis. These two compounds were examined for anti-diabetic activity by docking against key molecular targets such as alpha glucosidase, alpha amylase, aldose reductase, lipase and nuclear receptors PPARα, PPARγ using PatchDock algorithm. Further, for better refinement FireDock was carried away. The complex binding interaction was defined by the Atomic Contact Energy (ACE) obtained and it was compared with the standard drugs. The effects of the current study clearly show the two bio active compounds, Baicalein and Wogonin, have potent diabetic activity. But which is moderate, when compared with standard drugs.This study illuminates the use of in silico docking for identification of potent anti-diabetic compounds in a short period.


For patients with severe AD, treatment with the systemic immunomodulator methotrexate mycophenolate mofetil is a viable option, according to a recent review of the drug.


—We propose and prove a new sensitivity bound for the differentially private query of " what is the most frequent item in set x? ". To do so, we use the idea of " smooth sensitivity " , which takes into account the specific data used in the query rather than assuming the worst-case scenario. Differential privacy is a strong mathematical model that offers privacy guarantees to every person in the data. We then apply our proposed sensitivity to a forest of randomly built decision trees, querying each leaf node to output the most frequent class label. We also extend work done on the optimal depth of random decision trees; we extend the theory to handle continuous features, not just discrete features. This, along with several other improvements, allows us to create a differentially private decision forest with substantially higher predictive power than the current state-of-the-art. Our findings in this paper are generalized to machine learning applications beyond decision trees; if privacy is a concern, and the query can be phrased in terms of the most (or least) frequent item in a set, we prove that this query is very insensitive and can output accurate answers under strong privacy requirements.


The Gotthard Base Railway Tunnel in Switzerland is currently under construction. It links Erstfeld in the Uri Valley with Bodio near Biasca in the Canton of Ticino. Following its completion, at 57 km (West Tunnel: 56,798 m, East Tunnel 57,091 m) it will be world's longest railway tunnel. Including all the transverse and connecting tunnel sections, it will encompass a total tunnel length of 153 km. Each of the two tunnels contains its own continuous track.


Abstract In HIV-infected individuals, impaired mitochondrial function may contribute to cardiometabolic disease as well as to fatigue and frailty. Aerobic exercise improves total body energy reserves; however, its impact at the cellular level is unknown. We assessed alterations in cellular bioenergetics in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) before and after a 12-week aerobic exercise study in sedentary HIV-infected subjects on stable antiretroviral therapy who successfully completed a 12-week aerobic exercise program. In this prospective study, participants underwent supervised 20–40 min of light aerobic exercise (walking or jogging) performed three times per week for 12 weeks, gradually increasing to maintain an intensity of 50%–80% of heart rate reserve. Maximal aerobic capacity (VO2MAX) was assessed by a graded exercise test on a cycle ergometer before and after completion of the study. PBMC from compliant subjects (attended at least 70% of exercise sessions) were assessed for mitochondrial resp...


piratory systems, poisoning and death. This ambitious coverage necessarily means that many areas are dealt with only briefly, and the reader would need to look elsewhere for detailed information about any of these subjects. However, as an introduction to animal suffering this book is highly recommended as it provides such a comprehensive overview. To understand and appreciate fully the suffering of others, particularly animals, is difficult and the author uses argument by analogy from human accounts of pain and suffering to draw inferences about the potential suffering of animals when experiencing similar conditions of disease, trauma or stress. It is, perhaps, this approach that has led to the emphasis on physiological mechanisms, where analogies with human conditions and suffering can most readily be drawn, whereas behavioural responses are varied and species specific. The author's approach, for the most part, is dispassionate and factual, thus readers are left to reach their own conclusions and moral judgements about the acceptability of any of the practices described. Frequently the information is provided as a series of lists. This approach delivers the major points very efficiently, and is helpful to the reader skimming the book for particular information, but contributes to a general feeling of detachment from the subject matter. Nevertheless, the stated aim of the book is to provide technical information relating to the many ways in which animals may suffer and this the book achieves very well. As such the book is likely to be relevant to many in the field of agricultural science, including those concerned about improving animal husbandry, treatment of animal diseases and the acceptability of different methods of pest control. The book is also likely to provide a useful introduction to animal welfare and suffering for undergraduate students. My only real concern with the book is in the quality of the figures and the relevance of many of the colour plates. The figures are rather simple line drawings that were found rarely to contribute to a better understanding of the text, and several of the colour plates were disturbing without adding to the information already given. These points aside, this book is one that I would recommend to students of agriculture, animal science and animal welfare, and will dip into in the future as a source of technical information on a wide range of issues.


The main theme of this paper is that our knowledge and particularly our statistical knowledge of this sector is massively deficient. Political scientists in general (with the exception of the adherents to the school of quantitative political science) may not be too disturbed by the absence of an adequate set of numbers. Economists are not in this happy position: they need a statistical framework within which to operate. It follows that the main efforts of economists who wish to study this sector should at this stage be concentrated on improving our knowledge of the data. At SIPRI we speak with some feeling on this question. We have spent a lot of time constructing, as best we can, a picture of the structure of world trade in major weapons. We also have a data bank on military expenditure, and on weapons production. We therefore know what we do not know: that is, we know how inadequate the figures are, how thin their coverage is and how big the margins of error are in many figures. We are constantly being exasperated by armchair theorists who conduct statistical exercises on some of our figures, without paying any attention to the obvious margins of error. They then complain bitterly when next year's revisions make their correlation coefficients insignificant. This kind of situation is, of course, not uncommon in economics. In many countries you have a few overworked statisticians doing their best to construct figures for the national accounts, with an army of econometricians waiting to play fancy statistical games with the numbers. There is a disequilibrium between those who want to play with the figures, and those who are prepared to engage in the much less glamorous job of trying to provide a reasonable statistical structure. The main need


This study examined the influence of three polymerization cycles (1: heat cure - long cycle; 2: heat cure - short cycle; and 3: microwave activation) on the linear dimensions of three denture base resins, immediately after deflasking, and 30 days after storage in distilled water at 37± 2oC. The acrylic resins used were: Classico, Lucitone 550 and Acron MC. The first two resins were submitted to all three polymerization cycles, and the Acron MC resin was cured by microwave activation only. The samples had three marks, and dimensions of 65 mm in length, 10 mm in width and 3 mm in thickness. Twenty-one test specimens were fabricated for each combination of resin and cure cycle, and they were submitted to three linear dimensional evaluations for two positions (A and B). The changes were evaluated using a microscope. The results indicated that all acrylic resins, regardless of the cure cycle, showed increased linear dimension after 30 days of storage in water. The composition of the acrylic resin affected the results more than the cure cycles, and the conventional acrylic resin (Lucitone 550 and Classico) cured by microwave activation presented similar results when compared with the resin specific for microwave activation.


The flux and torque hysteresis bands are the only adjustable parameters in direct torque control (DTC) of induction motors. Their selection greatly influences the inverter switching loss, motor harmonic loss and motor torque ripples, which are major performance criteria. In this paper, the effects of flux and torque hysteresis bands on these criteria are investigated and optimized via the minimization, by the particle swarms optimization (PSO) technique, of a suitably selected cost function. A DTC control strategy with variable hysteresis bands, which improves the drive performance compared to the classical DTC, is proposed. Online operating artificial neural networks (ANNs) use the offline optimum values obtained by PSO, to modify the hysteresis bands in order to improve the performance. The implementation of the proposed scheme is illustrated by simulation results


Organopolysiloxane compositions, STORAGE STABLE IS NO WATER CURED ELASTOMERS OF THE ROOM TEMPERATURE WATER PRESENCE BASED PRIMARILY OF POLYSILOXANES dihydroxy EXPENSES, organosilanes polyalkoxylated COMPOUNDS AMINES AND METAL COMPOUNDS. SAME ARE DISTINGUISHED IN WHAT sILANE polyalkoxylated MEET THE GENERAL FORMULA RSI (OCHCH) OCH IN WHICH THE SYMBOL R REPRESENTS THE mETHYL rADICALS, VINYL, allyl, methallyl AND PHENYL AND SYMBOLS P and X REPRESENT ZERO OR. SAME ARE USED FOR POINTING IN THE BUILDING INDUSTRY AND MATERIALS FOR JOINING THE VARIOUS MORE.


FIELD: organic chemistry, pharmacy. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to novel derivatives of 4-oxobutanoic acid of the formula (I) where groups A and B are taken independently each of other among mono- or bicyclic aryl group taken among phenyl and naphthyl, cycloalkyl-group with from 5 to 8 carbon atoms, saturated heterocyclic group taken among tetrahydrofuryl-group. Groups A and B can have from 1 to 3 substitutes taken among C 1 - C 6 -alkyl group, C 1 - C 6 -alkoxy-group, halogen atom or two substitutes in common mean methylenedioxy- -group. Invention relates to also a pharmaceutical composition containing the compound of the formula (I) as an active component. The proposed new derivatives of 4-oxobutanoic acid can be used for treatment of patients with diabetes mellitus. EFFECT: new compounds indicated above, valuable medicinal properties. 4 cl, 3 tbl


Abstract In this paper, the different steps required for model validation as applied to a wastewater treatment plant are discussed. A mathematical model very useful to implement the automation, the methodology to determine kinetic parameters and the required information for the most important process variables are presented. Finally, how to validate this model is explained, followed by the relevant conclusions.


The discovery of mRNA by Sydney Brenner dates back to 1961, but the in vivo expression of mRNA was successful only in 1990, which initiated the development of vaccines based on this molecule. During Sars-CoV-2 pandemy the interest in the use of nucleic acids in the production of drugs and vaccines has increased significantly. The success of mRNA vaccines against Sars-CoV-2 has particularly empowered the pharmaceutical industry to create newer and newer generation products based on RNA modification that could help not only in Covid-2019, but also in the prevention and treatment of other infectious diseases. RNA has a very high potential - it can be used in highly personalized therapies, furthermore the production of mRNA is cheaper, faster than the current therapeutics and the process of mRNA making is more flexible due to the great ease of producing mRNA in the process of transcription. Modifying of the structure of ribonucleic acid and the methods of its delivery leads to the creation of newer and newer vaccines. In this review, we present the potential of RNA molecule in producing vaccines, types of RNA vaccines, strategies of RNA delivery and review of existing RNA-based vaccines.


Nir Eyal, Samia Hurst, Sara Marchand, Ole F. Norheim, Dan Wikler - "Introduction: Inequalities in Health: Concepts, Measures, and Ethics" Part I: Defining and measuring health inequality 1. Larry Temkin - "Inequality and Health" 2. Tony Atkinson - "Health Inequality, Health Inequity and Health Spending" 3. Yukiko Asada - "A Summary Measure of Health Inequalities: Incorporating Group and Individual Inequalities" 4. Kasper Lippert Rasmussen - "When Group Measures of Health Should Matter 5. Erik Nord - "Priority to the Worse Off: Severity of Current and Future Illness Versus Shortfall in Life Time Health" 6. Gustaf Arrhenius- "Egalitarian Concerns and Population Change" Part II: Health Inequality and egalitarianism 7. Dan Hausman - "Egalitarian Critiques of Health Inequalities" 8. Alex Voorhoeve and Marc Fleurbaey - "Decide as You Would with Full Information! An Argument against ex ante Pareto" 9. Johann Frick - Uncertainty and Justifiability to Each Person 10. Shlomi Segall - "Equality of Opportunity For Health" 11. Wlodek Rabinowicz - "When in Doubt, Equalize" 12. Norman Daniels - "Reducing Health Disparities: No Simple Matter" 13. Nir Eyal - "Levelling Down Health" 14. Ole Norheim - "Atkinson's Measure of Inequality: Can Measures of Economic Inequality Help Us Understand Trade-Offs in Healthcare Priority Setting?" 15. Toby Ord And Nick Beckstead - "Rationing and Rationality: The Cost of Avoiding Discrimination" 16. Frances M. Kamm - Rationing and the Disabled: Several Proposals Part III: Health Inequality and Public Policy 17. Angus Deaton - "What does the Empirical Evidence on SES and Health Tell Us About Inequity and About Policy?" 18. Michael Marmot-Fair Society Healthy Lives 19. Julian Le Grand - "Individual Responsibility, Health and Health Care" 20. Ritu Sadana - "WHO's Social Determinants Commission - Concepts and Measures of Health Inequalities"


During the past eighteen months over two hundred cases of lethargic encephalitis have come under our care, chiefly in Mount Sinai Hospital and in consultation at the Jewish Hospital, Brooklyn. The febrile stage of most of these patients lasted from ten to twenty days. When that stage was passed and convalescence was well established, they were discharged from the hospital. As a visiting physician watching the passage of these patients through our intern service, I at first thought lethargic encephalitis was an infectious disease of sudden onset and of rapid course which, if terminating happily, would be followed by a less rapid but complete recovery. The cases of some patients undoubtedly conformed to this view; others, in which the acute stage differed in no way, halted in their recovery and were forced to return to the Outpatient Department for further treatment. Still other patients survived the acute phase only to


The effect of transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β) on induction of differentiation of mouse myeloid leukemia M1 cells was investigated. TGF‐β1 induced adherence of M1 cells to plastic dishes and inhibited their proliferation. However, it did not induce differentiation‐associated properties, such as phagocytic activity, lysozyme activity or morphological maturation. TGF‐β1 also caused dosedependent inhibition of dexamethasone‐induced differentiation of M1 cells. The inhibitory activity of TGF‐β1 was 20 times that of TGF‐β2 on M1 cells. These results suggest that TGF‐β1 inhibits proliferation and dexamethasone‐induced differentiation of M1 cells by interacting with receptors that can distinguish between TGF‐β1 and TGF‐β2. TGF‐β1 had a much lower inhibitory effect on the growth of a variant M1 cell clone, which was resistant to differentiation inducers, and it did not induce adherence of the resistant M1 cells.