Goals of treatment for ulcerative colitis (UC) include inducing remission, reducing symptom burden, and maintaining disease quiescence. Mesalamine is indicated for the management of mild to moderate ulcerative colitis. There are various dosages, formulations, and mechanisms of delivery that are efficacious and currently utilized in the treatment of UC. Mesalamine therapy (formulation and dosage) should be tailored on an individual basis depending on extent and severity of disease. Newer delivery systems can consolidate dosing regimens and possibly increase compliance. In general, mesalamine has been well tolerated with minimal side effects. In addition, mesalamine has been postulated to play a role in the chemoprophylaxis of colon cancer in patients with ulcerative colitis.


Abstract:Japanese Official Development Assistance has benefited educational development by hook or by crook. Japan has been providing grant aids for grassroots development in Myanmar for more than half a century, which has had a significant degree of effectiveness for the recipients. The Japan Grant Assistance for Grassroots Projects has specifically benefited the education sector in Chin State, Myanmar, especially in building infrastructures for schools, including providing buildings, desks, and plumbing facilities. It is suggested that there are still quite a few primary factors requiring development to access quality education in Myanmar. Based on extensive research among educators and relevant officials in Chin State, this research surveys existing issues for educational infrastructure in the state and assesses some of the challenges for educational development in the region. It also assesses how Japanese Grant Assistance for Grassroots Projects has assisted the barriers. The scope of this research is from 2015 to 2020.


Oncogene activation and loss of tumor suppressor function changes the metabolic activity of cancer cells to drive unrestricted proliferation. Moreover, cancer cells adapt their metabolism to sustain growth and survival when access to oxygen and nutrients is restricted, such as in poorly vascularized tumor areas. We show here that p53-deficient colon cancer cells exposed to tumor-like metabolic stress in spheroid culture activated the mevalonate pathway to promote the synthesis of ubiquinone. This was essential to maintain mitochondrial electron transport for respiration and pyrimidine synthesis in metabolically compromised environments. Induction of mevalonate pathway enzyme expression in the absence of p53 was mediated by accumulation and stabilization of mature SREBP2. Mevalonate pathway inhibition by statins blocked pyrimidine nucleotide biosynthesis and induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in p53-deficient cancer cells in spheroid culture. Moreover, ubiquinone produced by the mevalonate pathway was essential for the growth of p53-deficient tumor organoids. In contrast, inhibition of intestinal hyperproliferation by statins in an Apc/KrasG12D mutant mouse model was independent of de novo pyrimidine synthesis. Our results highlight the importance of the mevalonate pathway for maintaining mitochondrial electron transfer and biosynthetic activity in cancer cells exposed to metabolic stress. They also demonstrate that the metabolic output of this pathway depends on both genetic and environmental context.


This thesis describes studies that have resulted in uncovering molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the essential role of mitochondria in chronological aging of the baker's yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The Titorenko laboratory has recently identified lithocholic acid (LCA), a bile acid and a natural compound that operates synergistically with caloric restriction (CR) to cause a substantial increase in yeast chronological lifespan under longevity-extending CR conditions. As a first step towards establishing a mechanism by which LCA extends longevity of chronologically aging yeast limited in calorie supply, I investigated the distribution of LCA within yeast cells. I found that exogenously added LCA enters yeast cells, is sorted only to mitochondria, resides mainly in the inner mitochondrial membrane and also associates with the outer membrane of mitochondria. I demonstrated that LCA-elicited changes in the membrane lipidome of mitochondria trigger age-related alterations in mitochondrial respiration, membrane potential, reactive oxygen species (ROS) quantity, oxidative macromolecular damage, respiratory complexes composition and ATP concentration. My findings provided evidence that the longevity-extending potential of LCA is due in part to its ability to alter the age-related dynamics of mitochondrially produced ROS in both chronologically ʺyoungʺ and ʺoldʺ cells, thus reducing the damaging effect of these ROS in ʺyoungʺ cells and amplifying their ʺhormeticʺ effect in ʺoldʺ cells. I demonstrated that LCA alters the age-related dynamics of changes in the levels of many mitochondrial proteins, as well as numerous proteins in cellular locations outside of mitochondria. My findings imply that LCA-driven changes in the mitochondrial lipidome alter the mitochondrial proteome and functionality, thereby enabling mitochondria to operate as signaling organelles that orchestrate the establishment of an anti-aging transcriptional program for many longevity-defining nuclear genes. Based on these findings, I proposed a model for how such LCA-driven changes early and late in the life of chronologically aging yeast cause a stepwise development of an anti-aging cellular pattern and its maintenance throughout lifespan. Moreover, I provided evidence that mitophagy, a selective autophagic degradation of aged and dysfunctional mitochondria, is a longevity assurance process that in chronologically aging yeast underlies the synergistic beneficial effects of CR and LCA on lifespan.


In the previous Circular, we proudly announced our move to a primarily electronic form of publication and distribution. We underestimated, however, the various aspects of this change, particularly in view of the limited time of the editors and office staff to devote to the task. We do apologise, particularly to our readers without regular Email access, for the delay in sending you the promised hardcopy of PTD Circular 11. You will now receive Circulars 11 and 12 together. Please note the new system for receiving the Circular: • All subscribers with access to Email will receive the Circular as simple text file, directly at their Email address. Please send your Email address or update to our administration as soon as possible. From now on, subscribers in Europe, USA, Japan, Australia and other "Northern" countries will receive only the electronic version of the Circular. • The Circular can also be downloaded in the familiar formatted version from the ILEIA homepage (www.oneworld.org/ileia). • Only people in the South without electronic means of communication will receive a hardcopy. This will be mostly through local distribution points, which are being set up in a/o Sri Lanka, India, Mexico, Ethiopia, Cameroon, Nigeria, Burkina Faso and Zimbabwe. Elsewhere in this Circular, you will find further details. If your country is not in this list, you will continue to receive a hardcopy from the Netherlands. But please inform us if you have suggestions who could become local distributor in your country.


Introduction: Mixed donor chimerism (MDC) occurs in nearly 35% of patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) post allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant (alloHCT). Donor myeloid engraftment of >20% is considered necessary to support disease resolution. However, in a disease known for its clinical variability, we hypothesize that patients (pts) with a severe pre-HCT phenotype may have abnormal RBC rheology at a level of chimerism and %HbS believed to be consistent with a cure. RBC rheology is markedly abnormal in SCD; these abnormalities are associated with SCD related clinical complications. Even fully oxygenated, sickle RBC are less deformable than those of HbAA or HbAS individuals; upon deoxygenation, deformability further declines. Sickle RBC morphology reflects the tendency to polymerize, with characteristic sickle forms. Sickle RBC are more adherent to the endothelial cell lining of the vasculature than HbAA or HbAS RBCs. The goal of any cell-based therapy of curative intent should be normalize the red cell rheology. To determine if the rheology of blood from SCD pts post-HCT with varying degrees of donor chimerism fall into the HbSS range of values, we propose to functionally assess the peripheral blood from a series of 6 post alloHCT SCD patients using a battery of rheological tests measuring deformability, sickling, adherence, percent dense cells (%DRBC), and RBC morphology.
 Methods: Peripheral blood samples (EDTA) from 6 SCD pts post alloHCT with a matched sibling donor were collected and immediately analyzed using oxygenscan (Lorrca), artificial microvascular network (AMVN), microfluidic image acquisition, and an ADVIA hematology analyzer. The Lorrca with oxygenscan measures RBC deformability (elongation index EI), under a range of pO2 (150-0 mmHg). EImax is the deformability of the oxygenated sickle RBC; EImin is the deformability of deoxygenated RBCs. The point of sickling (PoS) is the pO2 at which RBC deformability rapidly declines. RBC adhesiveness is measured by the difference in rate of perfusion of RBC through the AVMN coated with adhesive proteins (adherent AVMN) and a non-adherent, uncoated AVMN. %DRBC was measured by an ADVIA hematology analyzer. Microscopic RBC images were acquired and classified to determine the fraction of sickled RBCs in well-oxygenated samples. Additional clinical data including Hb profile, donor chimerism, and symptoms were obtained via chart review. Reference ranges were generated as described above using n=45 HbSS samples ages 2-21, on hydroxyurea, chronic transfusion, or untreated; n=14 HbAS, and n=43 HbAA.
 Results: In Figure 1, we show the measurements obtained by the Lorrca with oxygenscan on 5 pts post-alloHCT with a range of donor chimerism, as well as typical values for HbAA, HbAS, and HbSS patients. Patient 1 and 3 exhibit normal rheology; both were transplanted with a HbAA donor, with high chimerism and no detectable HbS. Patient 2 has 40% whole blood chimerism, well above the 20% threshold described with myeloid chimerism, and a HbS less than 50%, yet their plot resembles that of an untransplanted HbSS pt; the donor to Patient 2 exhibits the expected HbAA deformability. Patients 5 and 6 exhibit rheology in the HbAS range; they have intermediate chimerism from a HbAS donor. Clinical details and biomarker panel values for all 6 pts analyzed are in Table 1, as well as ranges of values for HbSS and HbAS subjects generated in the Sheehan and Shevkoplyas labs. Patient 2 is the only subject with values in the HbSS range, and the only subject with SCD symptoms.
 Conclusions: Our rheological tests identified a pt with values consistent with a HbSS pt of moderate severity or treated with hydroxyurea despite variable donor chimerism above the 20% threshold and HbS <50% thought to be sufficient for cure. The pt reported pain events beginning two years prior, indicating a clinical correlation supporting the validity of the rheological tests we propose to use to distinguish cure from persistent SCD. Current post-HCT evaluation depends on chimerism and hemoglobin profiles, and would not detect the significant functional abnormalities visible by Lorrca with oxygenscan biomarkers that indicate that Patient 2 is at risk for SCD related complications. Our results suggest that this functional analysis may help with management of post alloHCT SCD pts, and may be even more essential to assessing new gene-based therapy approaches to curing patients with SCD.

 Rab: RR Mechatronics: Research Funding. van Wijk:Agios Pharmaceuticals: Consultancy, Research Funding; RR Mechatronics: Research Funding. Shevkoplyas:SSS: Research Funding; New Health Sciences: Consultancy.


The deleterious effects of commodification on media content, particularly of an oppositional or politically committed nature, that is, media often classified under the rubric "alternative," is well documented. This thesis attempts to wrestle with this puzzle and to unpack some of alternative media's more curious attributes; i.e., the frustrating truth that alterity is a relational phenomenon, more sensitive to the vagaries and caprices of the market than its desire for autonomy would indicate; the profound fact that it is not so "alternative" as it seems to presuppose, as evidenced in its periodic reinvigoration of the markets of "popular culture;" and the intriguing point that its aspirations, more often than not, appear to cohere with mass culture's lionization of individuality. At the heart of this paradox is a yearning for that nebulous characteristic of "authenticity." That narratives of authenticity attend most instantiations of alterity and alternative media is no accident. But authenticity itself is as bound up with the ascension of capitalist modernity and the liberal public sphere as are notions of alterity. By examining alterity, with an eye on its cognate of authenticity, it is possible to highlight some of alternative media's immanent contradictions.


R.Politik's Weekly Digest is the definitive weekly guide to Russian politics. Each week, we examine the major developments, shifts and trends unfolding across the country to keep you abreast of the ever-changing situation.


This study investigated the influence of block length and land-use developments along major urban arterials on traffic accidents and traffic operations. Seven major urban arterials in Irbid City, Jordan, were chosen as a case study. A total of 218 arterial blocks were selected randomly, regardless of their accident history. Data on traffic accidents, traffic operation variables, and land-use developments were collected yearly for the period 1992 to 1995. Poisson regression and multivariate regression analyses were conducted to develop mathematical relationships that would have practical applications for use by city planners and traffic safety engineers. The results indicated that block length, ratio of operating speed to free-flow speed, percentage of commercial frontage, and percentage of space frontage had significant influences on the number of arterial block accidents. Also, the results showed that block length, on-street parking, and percentage of space frontage had significant effects on freeflow speed. Figures for estimating block accidents and free-flow speed were also developed, for use by city planners and traffic engineers in creating a safer urban arterial environment. (a)


Objective: To study the multiphase contrast-enhanced spiral CT scan and three-dimensional reconstruction in the diagnosis of cervical carcinoma.Method: Took 53 cases of cervical cancer patients as the object who came to our hospital from Feb.2005 to Oct.2011 and were examined by B ultrasound and three-dimensional reconstruction of spiral CT,and contrasted two screening results before and after treatment.Result: 10 cases of 53 patients with Ⅱa stage,21 cases with IIb,22 cases above all Ⅲstage,41 patients were coincident with B ultrasound diagnosis,the detection rate was 77.36%;three-dimensional reconstruction of spiral CT diagnosed 49 cases,the detection rate was 92.45%;There's statistics significance between two method(X 2 = 4.711,P 0.05).Conclusion: Multiphase contrast-enhanced spiral CT scan and three-dimensional reconstruction for cervical cancer is a better noninvasive diagnosis method.


In medium-voltage medium- and high-power converters, it is of great importance to reach high-quality waveforms with low switching frequency. In active rectifiers, both converter's ac-side harmonics and grid preexisting distortions affect the quality of the input current, which according to the existing standards is restricted from both the individual harmonics amplitude and total harmonic distortion point of view. The well known selective harmonic elimination pulse-width modulation technique is able to completely eliminate certain harmonics from the ac-side voltage of the converter, and as a result increases the quality of the input current. In this study, an optimal selective harmonic elimination control strategy is introduced for cascaded H-bridge (CHB) rectifiers. By fully manipulating the ac-side waveform of the rectifier, maximum number of harmonics is eliminated for a specific number of switching transitions. Moreover, this method can be easily extended for any number of H-bridge cells and it uses only one lookup table for the whole interval of modulation index. Also using an effective voltage balancing technique, dc-link voltages are balanced to the reference value and the rectifier does not encounter any difficulty under equal or nonequal loads conditions. Using this method, the size of the bulky line-side filters can be reduced which leads to lower overall cost of implementation. To prove the feasibility of the proposed scheme, simulation and experimental results for a seven-level CHB-based rectifier are reported.


In this paper, we propose a new hardware design of 8 × 8 multiple-input multiple-output - orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (MIMO-OFDM) system which has floating-point data processors in its receiver. For the hardware design of MIMO-OFDM systems, it is efficient to use fixed-point data processing in terms of high speed processing time and low power consumption. However, under some of poor wireless communication environments, a floating-point data processing is required because of the accurate calculation for the MIMO decoding. In this report, high accuracy and real-time processing of MIMO decoding are realized by using an application specific instruction-set processor (ASIP). The performance of the proposed system is also evaluated and explored in this report.


Tunable microring resonators (MRs) have attracted more attention due to their wavelength-selective abilities, which can be as optical filters for WDM technique application. So far, many tunable MRs have been demonstrated using electro-optic effect, thermo-optic effect, and nematic liquid crystal (NLC) [1]. Among these methods, the MRs using NLCs as a cladding possesses a wide resonant wavelength tuning range because of the large birefringence of NLCs. However, the NLCs based MR encounters some problems such as large scattering loss and slow response due to the anisotropic molecular structure of NLCs. This work demonstrated an electrically tunable SiN MR using polymer-stabilized blue phase liquid crystals (PSBPLCs) as a cladding. Unlike typical NLCs, the PSBPLCs exhibit optically isotropic and thus have lower scattering. Besides, their response time of induced birefringence, governed by the Kerr effect is submicrosecond [2]. The proposed device comprises two parts, waveguide chip and PSBPLC film, as presented in Fig. 1(a). The chip consists of a Si substrate, a 16 μm thick SiO2 layer and a 0.5 μm thick SiN layer. The designed resonator structure, as shown in Fig. 1(b), includes a straight waveguide and a ring with radius of 40 μm. The width and thickness of both SiN waveguides are 1.2 and 0.5 μm, respectively. The PSBPLC film, two positive nematic LCs, JC1041 and 5CB, were mixed with two UV-curable monomers, TMPTA and RM257, a chiral agent, R1011, and the photoinitiator DMPAP in a ratio of 43.6:33.5:5.4:7.1:10:0.4. The sample was cooled to 36°C (BPI) at a rate of 0.5°C/min, and then irradiated with ultraviolet light (0.8mW/cm2) for 20min to achieve phase separation, forming the PSBPLC film.


With the constant development of computer networks, the global information technology has become the major trend of human development. However, due to a computer network linking the diversity, the uneven distribution of terminals and networks open, interconnectivity, and other characteristics, resulting in network vulnerable to hackers, Vendetta, misconduct and other malicious software attacks, the security of online information and Confidentiality is a critical issue.


CARCINOMA OF THE HEAD of the Pancreas is one of the most formidable types of malignant disease, by reason of its deep retro-peritoneal situation, its intimate relation to many vital structures, and the technical difficulties of its extirpation. Nevertheless in recent years owing to improvements in operative technique and, even more, to advances in preparation, anmsthesia and after care, the radical resection has become established as a standardised procedure to be undertaken as a routine in suitable cases. The modern attack on carcinoma of the pancreas comes largely from the work of Whipple and his colleagues in New York, whose paper in 1935 drew attention to the problem and went far to overcome the difficulties which until then had been almost insuperable. It is true that attempts had been made to tackle the problem before that time, and as early as 1898 Halsted of Johns Hopkins Hospital had achieved partial success in a limited removal in one case, but the radical resection, as we know it, was uniformly fatal. This was due mainly to two sets of difficulties ; in the first place the dangers of hxmorrhage and liver failure after major operation on the jaundiced patient, and in the second place, the risk of development of a pancreatic fistula from the site of implantation of the pancreatic duct. Whipple surmounted the first of these obstacles by advocating a two-stage operation, of which the preliminary session was devoted mainly to short circuiting the biliary obstruction. The second difficulty he surmounted by ligating the pancreatic duct instead of implanting it into the intestine, but this had the disadvantage of leaving the patient permanently deprived of the pancreatic external secretion. It is a measure of the advances that have been made during the past fifteen years that neither of these modifications is now considered necessary. Owing to the introduction of Vitamin K and the increasing use of fluids and blood in pre-operative preparation we no longer fear to operate on the jaundiced patient; so most surgeons have now reverted to the single stage operation, which is both easier to perform and in many ways more satisfactory than the two-stage procedure. Moreover, owing to technical improvements in the performance of the operation, the risk of a pancreatic fistula is now much less than formerly, and when it does occur it is generally not of serious consequence, so the older procedure of implanting the pancreatic duct into the intestine has once again become routine practice.


A mixture of Zinc or copper salts of primary and/or secondary saturated acyclic carboxylic acids with zinc or copper salts of a tertiary saturated acyclic carboxylic acid has been found to be of value as a preservative for wood or many other similar degradable organic materi als. The mixture can be prepared simply by mixing the salts or by reacting zinc or copper or a suitable zinc or copper compound with a mixture of the appropriate acids.


Backward stochastic partial differential equations of parabolic type
in bounded domains are studied in the setting where the coercivity
condition is not necessary satisfied. Generalized solutions
based on the representation theorem are suggested. Some
regularity is derived from the regularity of the first exit times of
non-Markov characteristic processes.
Uniqueness, solvability and regularity results are obtained.
Applications to pricing and hedging of European barrier options are considered.


Doctorate degree so-called doctor of philosophy (PhD) is amiably recognized as remarkable postgraduate qualification so far.  In the walk of technological advancement and globalization the demand of doctorate degree can't be abandon and commonly, students with vivid academic background, desire to pursue challenging careers, auspicious personal traits with motivation are enrolled for this programme. When such distinctive students failed to complete the doctorate degree within stipulated time, have arise many questions for stakeholders. This study was conducted to articulate the etiology of student failure to complete doctorate degree programme within stipulated time. For this purpose, PhD students were considered population and data was collected through questionnaire. Total 268 questionnaires were distributed and 233 were received. Statistical tools such as EFA, CFA and SEM were applied. For this SPSS-20 and AMOS-24 software were used. Results of study found Institutional Support, Personality Trait and Supervisor Support have significant positive impact on PhD degree completion. It is recommended that all stakeholders need to play their role and there is dare need to develop a systematic formal organize research structure. Also establish National Research Monitoring Cell for centralization and streamline research activities. Supervisors engage students beyond odds hours also inculcate research / innovation habit.


The entropy squeezing for a three-level atom interacting with a single-model field is studied. A general definition of entropy squeezing for three-level atom is given according to entropic uncertainty relation of three-level system, and the calculation formalism of entropy is derived for a cascade three-level atom. By using numerical calculation, the entropy squeezing properties of a cascade three-level atom are examined. Our results show that, three-level atom can generate obvious entropy squeezing effect via choosing appropriate superposition state of three-level atom. Our results are meaningful for preparing three-level system information resources with ultra-low quantum noise.


Anticoagulant-thrombolytic therapy and surgery, remain the topics of recent advances in the treatment of pulmonary embolism. The Authors have treated 3 patients with anticoagulant-thrombolytic therapy, and 14 patients with pulmonary embolectomy with cardiopulmonary bypass. By this experience, they suggest an indication for medical or surgical treatment for pulmonary embolism.


In 1969 Vivienne Pollock, born on 12 April 1887, the youngest child of Robert and Alice Pollock, donated two oil paintings, along with a number of pieces of period furniture, to the Royal Historical Society of Queensland. The two paintings were quite large, both being 910 x 710mm. Each had a name on a plaque at the bottom of the painting one of which read: Robert A Pollock; the second, with a similar plaque, was a portrait of his wife Alice. Although of a professional standard neither painting was signed and very little was known about the Pollock family. Who were they, and who was the artist who had painted the portraits? The plaque on his painting told us that Robert Pollock mined the first reef in Gympie in 1867.


The invention relates to a human-computer interaction system based on an electro-ocular signal, which is characterized in that an electro-ocular signal acquisition and amplification module acquires the electro-ocular signal through an electro-ocular signal sensor and amplifies the signal; an online electro-ocular signal processing module realizes the online mode identification of the signal from the electro-ocular signal acquisition and amplification module to judge the eye action of an operator in real time; and a controlled unit is used to realize the coding of an eye movement mode and the generation of a controlled command. The human-computer interaction system has strong applicability, high measurement precision, high identification speed and simple and convenient operation and realizes the special human-computer interaction based on the electro-ocular signal. The human-computer interaction system can help physically-disabled realize computer manipulation, text writing, webpage browsing and other operations like normal people or wireless control on other electronic equipment (such as home appliances) and other human-computer interactions; and simultaneously, the human-computer interaction system can be also used in occasions where a computer is inconvenient to operate by normal people with hands, such as a mine, rescue operation, a spacecraft, underwater and other severe or narrow environments.


Common algorithms for partial redundancy elimination that are sensitive to register pressure are designed from a single-expression point of view. For each computation under investigation unnecessary code motion is avoided as far as possible. Unfortunately, such a view is only adequate when dealing with a at universe of expressions. In a more realistic setting where both composite expressions and their subexpressions are subjected to code motion trade-oos among the lifetimes of symbolic registers have to be taken into account. In this paper we present a polynomial time algorithm for the elimination of partially redundant computations that uniformly minimizes the total number of lifetime ranges at each program point. This is achieved by a reenement of our algorithm for lazy code motion 12] that incorporates optimal register trade-oos being computed by means of maximum bipartite graph matchings. 1 Motivation Partial redundancy elimination (PRE) is a technique that avoids unnecessary recomputations of values at run-time. Originating with the pioneering work of Morel and Renvoise 16] a number of improvements have been proposed 5, 6, 7, 9, 18], among which the avoidance of unnecessary code motion had a predominating role. The reason for this lies in the fact that algorithms for PRE use temporaries (symbolic registers) in order to keep the values of prior evaluations along Personal use of this material is permitted. However, permission to reprint/republish this material for advertising or promotional purposes or for creating new collective works for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or to reuse any copyrighted component of this work in other works, must be obtained from the IEEE. some program paths. Therefore, unnecessarily large lifetimes of temporaries contribute to register pressure. Lazy code motion (LCM) 12, 13] was the rst algorithm that succeeded in reducing the lifetime ranges of temporaries to a minimum while avoiding partial redundancies as far as possible. Unfortunately, LCM suuers from the same drawback as all other known algorithms for PRE. It is designed from a single-expression point of view, and can only be extended to sets of expressions with a at structure, i. e. to sets of expressions that do not contain composite expressions and their subexpressions at once. This is a serious limitation, as a reasonable code motion algorithm should be capable of moving both large expressions and their subexpressions at once. The phenomenon is illustrated by means of the example of Figure 1. a*b c*d 1 a*b+c*d 2 …


The minority carrier lifetime in molecular beam epitaxy grown layers of iodine-doped Hg1−xCdxTe (x ∼ 0.3) on CdZnTe substrates has been studied. The samples demonstrated extrinsic donor behavior for carrier concentrations in the range from 2 × 1016 cm−3 to 6 × 1017 cm−3 without any post-growth annealing. At a temperature of 77 K, the electron mobility was found to vary from 104 cm2/V s to 7 × 103 cm2/V s and minority carrier lifetime from 1.6 μs to 790 ns, respectively, as the carrier concentration was increased from 2 × 1016 cm−3 to 6 × 1017 cm−3. The diffusion of iodine is much lower than that of indium and hence a better alternative in heterostructures such as nBn devices. The influence of carrier concentration and temperature on the minority carrier lifetime was studied in order to characterize the carrier recombination mechanisms. Measured lifetimes were also analyzed and compared with the theoretical models of the various recombination processes occurring in these materials, indicating that Auger-1 ...


Recent developments of information technology have increased market's competitive pressure and products' prices turned to be paramount factor for customers' choices. These challenges influence trad...


Individual career development can be predicted by observing individual entrepreneurial behavior and characteristics. This article aims to present the problem of self-management in the context of developing entrepreneurial characteristics and behavior. In the theory section, the author briefly discusses the nature and concept of entrepreneurship. Then, describe an enterprising individual with a primary focus on his characteristics and behavior. The practical part of this article presents concrete examples, showing how environmental factors, under what circumstances and how, they can influence the development of entrepreneurial attitudes. The author shows examples of how entrepreneurial personality starts at various stages of development, until it develops, starting from childhood, school, to higher education.


occur several times a year, lasting 1 or 2 days. She is a non-smoker with no relevant medical history. The differential diagnosis of Achenbach syndrome includes acute blue finger, Raynaud's disease, acrocyanosis, acute ischaemia, vasculitis and thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger's disease). The characteristic clinical features of Achenbach syndrome are the sparing of the pulps and dorsal surfaces of the fingers; the absence of temperature change of the digits, ulcers and trophic changes; and the duration and rapid resolution of symptoms. Special investigations are superfluous as they are always normal. The familial incidence in this small series indicates a possible genetic cause.


The Third Plenary Session of the 17th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China has brought out a new round of land reform, and rural land transfer has caused the extensive concern. After a brief review of the historical development of agricultural land transfer in China since 1949 in the paper, the problems of agricultural land transfer are analyzed, and some useful explorations are made about how to protect the rights of peasant in the new round of land reform.


Idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis (essential brown induration of the lungs), first described by Virchow 1 in 1864, has been reported in 52 adult patients. After Virchow's description, there was no further report of the disease until Ceelen 2 published autopsy findings in 2 children in 1931. The first adult cases were reported by Waldenstrom 3 in 1940, who described the clinical and roentgenologic findings in a 16-year-old girl, and Borsos-Nachtnebel 4 in 1942, who described the findings in a 38-year-old man. Since Browning and Houghton 5 reported 3 adult cases in 1956, there have been 15 6,15,49,50 additional adult cases described in the American literature. Despite its characteristic nature, idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis is probably still poorly recognized and surely incompletely understood. Because the disorder is rare the following case is described in detail and the literature reviewed. Report of a Case A 19-year-old soldier was first hospitalized on Jan. 21, 1960,


Open source software are adopted as embedded systems, server usage because of quick delivery, cost reduction and standardization of systems. Many open source software are developed under the peculiar development style known as bazaar method. According to this method, faults are detected and fixed by developers around the world, and the fixed result will be reflected in the next release. Also, the fix time of faults tends to be shorter as the development of open source software progresses. However, several large-scale open source projects have a problem that faults fixing takes a lot of time because the faults corrector cannot handle many faults reports quickly. In this paper, we aim to identify the fix priority of newly registered faults in the bug tracking system by using random forest, and we make an index to detect the faults that require high fix priority and long fault fixing time when faults are reported in specific version of open source project. The index is derived and identified by using open source project data obtained from bug tracking system. In addition, we try to improve the detection accuracy of the proposed index by learning not only the specific version but also the fault report data of the past version by using random forest considering the characteristic similarities of faults fix among different versions. As a result, the detection accuracy has highly improved comparing with using only specific version data and using logistic regression


Imagine that you are a flood victim. The flooding is not caused by your proximity to the Delaware River or the Susquehanna River or the Alleghany River. Instead, the problem arises solely from the activities of your neighbor. Your neighbor is located on higher ground. He or she is conducting earth-disturbing activities – building a house or a new driveway or a shopping center – and now polluted water is running onto your property and flooding it like never before. How do you protect your land? You hire an attorney! But, could there be a better method? This article suggests that only swift and strict regulatory action adequately protects the public and the flood victim.This article starts with an overview of relevant federal and state regulations. Then it focuses on the obligations created under common law for landowners who engage in earth-disturbing activities. Legal remedies for property owners who are addressing stormwater-related issues caused by a neighboring landowners actions are discussed in following section. The final section suggests that the Commonwealth, its citizens, and landowners alike receive the most benefit from strict regulatory enforcement of stormwater related policies.Statutes: The Importance of Maintaining Pollutant-Free Waterways Federal and state laws make it a violation for landowners who are engaging in construction to pollute our nation's waterways. The Clean Water Act (CWA) prohibits the discharge of any pollutants from pipes and sewers into the navigable waters of the United States unless the discharge is authorized by a permit. The National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) is a stormwater program created under the CWA that regulates the discharge of stormwater from all construction activities disturbing more than one (1) acre of land. Thus, the CWA and the NPDES program work together to protect all waterways in the United States.Pennsylvania's laws work in conjunction with the NPDES program to supplement the CWA. Under the NPDES program's authority, Pennsylvania requires individual counties to prepare, adopt, and implement watershed-based stormwater management plans. These plans must protect Pennsylvania's streams and waterways by reducing the overall volume of runoff during rainfalls, improving water quality, and maintaining groundwater recharge for wells and streams. Additionally, many counties require municipalities to enact comprehensive stormwater management ordinances.


Accelerated sea-level rise (SLR) is threatening tidal marshes worldwide. An important 13 control of tidal marsh survival under accelerated SLR is the sediment deposition. Therefore, factors affecting sediment deposition rates (SDR) have been studied 15 extensively using various types of sediment traps. The efficiency of various sediment 16 traps has been compared in several studies, but most of these were conducted in 17 shallow lakes or rivers. In contrast, the efficiency of different sediment traps in tidal 18 marshes is unknown. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the trapping 19 efficiency of four frequently used sediment traps, namely flat traps constructed of either 20 tiles or floor mat, and circular traps with and without a lid, under controlled experimental 21 conditions simulating tidal inundations in a flume. The strong differences between 22 circular sediment traps (high efficiency) and both flat surface sediment trap methods 23 (low efficiency) found in this study were remarkable. Additionally, further evidence was 24 found for decreases of SDR with increasing distance to the inflow of the flume 25 (sediment source) and with decreasing suspended sediment concentration (SSC). 26 These findings indicate that trap design has a large influence on sedimentation rate 27 and that studies using different types of sediment traps are not directly comparable.


BACKGROUND
Major burn injuries incite a hypermetabolic response, and the initiation of early enteral nutrition is the standard of care in patients with large burns and contributes to improved outcomes. Perioperative fasting is a common cause of caloric deficits in burn patients and can be obviated with intraoperative enteral nutrition. However, the risks and benefits of this practice are unknown, and there is a concern for aspiration. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the safety and efficacy of intraoperative enteral nutrition.

METHODS
We performed a systematic literature search using PubMed, Scopus, and OvidSP Medline databases. We identified studies that evaluated the effects of intraoperative enteral nutrition in adult burn patients compared to those undergoing routine perioperative fasting. We performed a meta-analysis on the incidence of mortality, pneumonia, wound infections, and aspiration in burn patients receiving intraoperative enteral nutrition.

RESULTS
We identified seven articles for qualitative review and four for quantitative review (N=83 patients). There were no statistically significant increases in the risk of mortality (OR=1.28, 95% CI 0.49, 3.31), wound infections (OR=0.71, 95% CI, 0.16, 3.24), pneumonia (OR=2.1, 95% CI=0.7, 6.1), and aspiration (OR=1.14, 0.07, 18.75) in patients receiving intraoperative enteral nutrition. Within individual studies, intraoperative enteral nutrition patients received significantly more calories than standard fasting patients.

CONCLUSIONS
Intraoperative enteral nutrition may increase nutritional intake in burn patients without an increase in complications, however, this is based on limited studies. Randomized controlled trials are needed before recommendations on intraoperative enteral nutrition practice can be made.


Two common interventional procedures for the treatment of gastric variceal bleeding were TIPS (transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt) and BRTO (balloon?occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration). In order to get proper treatment in these patients, we must be well aware of anatomic and physiologic characteristics as well as limitations. The aim of this paper is to review each procedure and clinical outcomes.


The modelling of credit risk, credit derivatives and non-hedgeable securities in general is currently in a poor state. Ideas from equity options theory have been adopted for credit risk, but have not been adapted for the peculiarities of this more complex world. This brief paper is a review and critique of current ideas and models, and includes suggestions for a more sophisticated realisitic and ultimately more sensible approach. The bibliography at the end should provide a useful source for the current state of the art.


In spite of polls demonstrating consumer demand for air bags, in spite of a technology (99.995 percent reliability) developed and ready for use, and in spite of government efforts since 1969 to mandate the installation of automatic restraints in cars, the automobile manufacturers have withheld air bags from the public, even as optional equipment. This article examines the reasons for this failure to make available the most effective method of reducing motor vehicle deaths and injuries, pointing out that such a failure can be an actionable wrong, and that the initiation of air bag litigation may be the most effective way of getting air bags in cars. The discussion includes a description of air bag systems and how they work, a history of air bag development, presentation of empirical data, discussion of liability, and comments on public health significance.


An introduction to case histories is made to illustrate that,when prefabricated drains and geosynthetics are used to improve the soft soil foundations below breakwaters(cofferdams),the foundations can be consolidated by the self-weight of the breakwaters(cofferdams),thus improving the strength of the foundations and ensuring the stability of the breakwaters(cofferdams),and in the mean time,most of the settlement of the foundations can be completed during the construction of the breakwaters(cofferdams),which is significantly beneficial to rationally controlling the actual construction level of the breakwaters(cofferdams).


The need of sharing information and services makes data integration as one of the most requested issues in the Semantic Web. Ontologies are crucial for formally specifying the vocabulary and the concepts within a domain, so, for better interoperability is important to translate data from one ontological framework to another. Ontology matching is the process of finding correspondences between the concepts of different ontologies. This problem is being addressed in many studies but has not managed to automate the matching process fully considering all the complex structure of the ontologies. This paper aims to provide mechanisms to support experts in the ontology matching process by using fuzzy logic techniques to determine the similarity between entities from different ontologies. We propose FuzzyAlign, a Multi-Layer fuzzy rule-based system, which obtains the alignments by taking into account both the lexical and semantic elements of names, and the relational and the internal structures of the ontologies to obtain the alignments. The ideas presented in this work were validated using the OAEI evaluation tests for ontology alignment systems in which we have obtained good results.


We describe and present evaluation results for Talk'n'Travel, a spoken dialogue language system for making air travel plans over the telephone. Talk'n'Travel is a fully conversational, mixed-initiative system that allows the user to specify the constraints on his travel plan in arbitrary order, ask questions, etc., in general spoken English. The system was independently evaluated as part of the DARPA Communicator program and achieved a high success rate.


CONTENTS Introduction 418 Overview of Fish Nervous System Development, Structure, and Function 418 Development of the Fish Nervous System 418 Central Nervous System Anatomy 420 Prosencephalon 421 Mesencephalon 421 Rhombenchephalon 422 Spinal Cord 422 Peripheral Nervous System Anatomy and Function: The Autonomic Nervous System 422 Sensory Organ Systems 423 Basic Mechanisms of Neurotoxicity 425 Manifestations of Neurotoxicity in Fish 426 Structural Manifestations of Neurotoxicity in Fish 426 Physiological Manifestations of Neurotoxicity in Fish 427 Electrophysiology 427 Respiratory–Cardiovascular 427 Behavioral 428 Examples of Major Classes of Neurotoxicants 429 Narcotics 429 Mechanisms of Narcotic Neurotoxicity 429 Manifestations of Narcotic Neurotoxicity in Fish 429 Cholinesterase Inhibitors 431 Mechanisms of Cholinesterase Inhibitor Neurotoxicity 432 Manifestations of Cholinesterase Inhibitor Neurotoxicity in Fish 433 Pyrethroid Insecticides 434 Mechanisms of Pyrethroid Neurotoxicity 435 Manifestations of Pyrethroid Neurotoxicity in Fish 436 Organochlorine Insecticides 437 Mechanisms of Organochlorine Insecticide Neurotoxicity 437 Manifestations of Organochlorine Insecticide Neurotoxicity in Fish 439 Ethanol 439 Mechanisms of Ethanol Neurotoxicity 439 Manifestations of Ethanol Neurotoxicity in Fish 439 Metals 440 Mechanisms of Metal Neurotoxicity 440 Manifestations of Metal Neurotoxicity in Fish 442 Neurotoxins 443 Mechanisms of Neurotoxin Toxicity 443 Manifestations of Neurotoxin Toxicity in Fish 444


1. The water trapped by large brown sea weeds at low tide may become oxygen-free in the night or on cloudy days.2. Slow-moving, non-swimming animals living in the sea weeds all the time (like nematodes and mites) are paralyzed by the removal of oxygen from the water, but they recover from this state if the period of anaerobic stress has lasted less than approximately 16 hours at 25° C. The relationship between time of anaerobiosis and time of recovery is temperature-dependent and a characteristic of each of the three species investigated (Enoplus communis, Rhombognathides seahami, Halacarus basteri basteri).3. Agile animals, capable of leaving and repopulating the sea weeds with the tides, show a different reaction pattern. One of the amphipods investigated (Calliopius laeviusculus) did not survive even a few minutes of anaerobiosis, while the other two species (Gammarus oceanicus, Hyale prevosti) survived from about half an hour to three hours of anaerobiosis. The former species occasionally leads a pela...


In this paper, a boost converter with a transformer capacitor cell for implementing features of double-output sources and zero-voltage switching (ZVS)/zero-current switching (ZCS) is proposed. The proposed boost converter has the following advantages: (1) By incoporating a transformer capacitor cell, the main switch can achieve ZVS and the auxiliary switch can achieve ZCS under turn-on transitions, reducing switching losses and electromagnetic interference (EMI). Therefore, the conversion efficiency and power quality of the proposed boost converter can be increased. (2) By applying the turn ratio of the transformer, the proposed boost converter can obtain double-output sources with step-up and step-down voltage functions. (3) The leakage energy of the transformer can be recovered using a capacitor, and then the energy of the capacitor can limit the reverse recovery current of power diodes, reducing reverse recovery losses. Finally, a boost converter prototype with a transformer capacitor cell for implementing the features of ZVS/ZCS and double-output sources is built. The performance and feasibility of the proposed boost converter have been verified from the simulated and experimental results.


Cancer is caused due to rapid and uncontrolled growth of cells. Among females, breast cancer is one of the most prevalent types of cancer globally. The most common risk factors for developing breast cancer are family history and estrogens. Radiation exposure, alcohol use, tobacco smoking, age and race are other risk factors of developing breast cancer. Objective: Aim of the present study was to check iron expression in the biopsies of patients with different grades of breast cancer and to see the prognostic significance of cellular iron metabolism in breast cancer. Methods: A total of 24 breast biopsies were studied using cross sectional study design, among which 19 cases were poorly differentiated, 5 cases were moderately differentiated and there was no case of well differentiated breast carcinoma. These total 24 biopsies were taken between age 20 to 80 years and all patients were females. Results: Among the 5  moderately differentiated cases ,2 cases  (40%) were positive for iron staining and among 19 poorly differentiated cases, 8 cases (42%) were positive for iron staining. patients between age group 41-80 were more iron positive. Conclusion: It has been concluded that iron plays a significant role in the development of breast cancer. Both excess and deficient iron levels can potentially affect prognosis of breast cancer.


In this paper, we prove the estimates for the Jacobi transform in $L^{p}(\mathbb{R}^{+}, J^{\alpha,\beta}(x)dx)$ as applied to some classes of functions characterized by a generalized modulus of continuity.


It is well known that electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves exhibit characteristic frequencies on the basis of dispersion relations in multiple‐component plasma. We present a case of EMIC waves exhibiting a sudden decrease in intensity (characteristic lower cutoff) to just above half of the proton cyclotron frequency observed in the vicinity of the geomagnetic equator by the Akebono satellite along its trajectory during a magnetic storm in April 1989. It was found that the waves propagate with a large wave normal angle with respect to the geomagnetic field line and that they had a crossover frequency above the characteristic lower cutoff. Because of stormy conditions, ion constituents were expected to fluctuate, suggesting that the characteristic frequencies of EMIC waves should have been fluctuating as well. However, the characteristic frequencies of each event did not vary despite disturbances in the inner magnetosphere, represented by a sudden decrease in the Dst index and electron density fluctuation. In addition, the waves were repeatedly observed within a half day after sudden decreases in Dst; however, they disappeared when the recovery of the Dst index became moderate. Wave generation appears to be closely correlated to fresh energetic particle injection. We study the dispersion relations of EMIC waves under the condition of multiple ion species and suggest the existence of a few percent of alpha particles (He++) or deuterons (D+), which can explain the lower cutoff of EMIC waves in the inner magnetosphere.


Claisen rearrangement of the vinyl ketene acetals (7; a, R = CH2OSiPh2 But, or b, R = n-pentyl) which are generated in situ by syn-elimination of the corresponding selenoxides (6a,b) in refluxing xylene gave the eight-membered lactones (8a,b).


Since the beginnings of humanity, we observe the fact that the human being, more specifically the female, wishes to have a correspondent appearance to a standard of beauty determined by society's current period. Based on it, the advertising media often uses images of women who are considered great beautiful female icons, such as Eve, Nefertiti, Helen of Troy, Cleopatra, Mona Lisa, Marilyn Monroe and Gisele Bundchen. The mediatic speech reinforces the establishment of a standard of beauty, so that the society members are stimulated to feel a desire of having a similar appearance to the ideal. Thus, they will have a pleasant image to the other's eyes. Therefore, behaving that way, they ensure the acceptability to live together with the reference group. Otherwise, they could be socially excluded. Even more, we realize that the ideal of beauty varies according to time and culture, which corresponds to a variance of habits, tastes, customs and values.


The pulse saturation on a nondispersive traveling wave parametric amplifier is solved in the slowly varying approximation with space and time by reducing the dynamic equations to a degenerate form-of the sine-Gordon equation. If the group velocity of the signal wave differs from that of the pump and idler waves, the signal wave obeys the sine-Gordon equation.


India is among top few countries for Vitamin A deficiency as 60,000 children go blind annually.
Other than blindness, a number of eye diseases like night blindness, bitot spot, xerothalmia and
others are caused by vitamin A deficiency. More than 6% children in Uttar Pradesh suffer from
clinical vitamin A deficiency. Vitamin A deficiency among poor children in Gorakhpur average to
42% (as high as 65% in 3 year age group). Government of India, supported by CIDA, Helen
Keller International, Micro-nutrient Initiative, UNICEF, USAID and the World Bank distributed
free vitamin A capsule. Results were positive and dramatic but met failure due costs involved,
problem in distribution, and corruption. Sustainable solution with no costs to government is
popularization of Orange Fleshed Sweet Potato (OFSP) varieties, which have yellow or orange
flesh due to very high level of â-carotene (precursor of Vitamin A). OFSP also supply required
quantity of Potassium, dietary fibre, and energy. OFSP produces more edible energy per unit and
people can grow, store and consume throughout the year. Supported by Tata Trusts since last 3
years, PRDF tested more than 50 OFSP varieties and identified ST-14, CIP-440127 and VA-43
adapted to the region now popularizing its growing and consumption enjoining hundreds of
farmers and thousands of school children. A cycle of multiplying healthy vines has been perfected
and being practiced. A number of products of leaf and tuber like Pakora, chips, juice etc have been
developed. More needs to be done on research and awareness fronts.


The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between leisure time, household income and happiness index of Koreans. This study was analyzed using the original data of ''2016 National Leisure Survey'' published by the Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism. The data were analyzed by SPSS Windows ver 20.0 Program. Frequency analysis and two-way ANOVA were conducted. The results were as follows: First, the higher the household income, the more leisure time, the higher the happiness index. Second, the higher the household income and the more leisure time it gets, the higher the happiness index. Positive attitude and action are required to feel more happiness through materialistic abundance and mental satisfaction.


Massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) and orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) are wireless technologies adopted by the Fifth Generation (5G) of mobile communications. The channel estimation and pre/post-equalization processes in coherent detection schemes for massive MIMO-OFDM are a challenging task, where several issues are faced, such as pilot contamination, channel calibration, matrix inversions, among others. Moreover, they increase the energy consumption and latency of the system. A non-coherent technique relying on DPSK constellation has been proposed for a single-carrier scheme, assuming flat-fading. In our paper, we extend this technique to be combined with OFDM, where the channel is doubly dispersive (time and frequency). We will show that the differential modulation can be performed either in the time or frequency domain, where the latter suffers from an additional phase rotation, which should be estimated and compensated. We provide the analytical expression of the signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio (SINR) for both cases, and we show numerical results in order to verify our analysis.


The present study investigates the hybrid reliability modeling of structures in which the inputs contain both random variables and interval variables. Hybrid uncertainty is divided into three categories, including random variables mixed with random variables, interval variables mixed with interval variable, and random variables mixed with interval variables. In order to perform the reliability analysis of structural systems, first, the Bayes method is proposed in the present study to obtain distribution parameters of random variables. Moreover, the self‐sample method is introduced to obtain the interval boundaries based on the least available measuring data. Then, the reliability models are established for three situations and the reliability indices are defined and derived accordingly. The abovementioned three types of reliability indices outline the general situation of structural systems. Finally, the specific calculation process is described in details through different examples. Furthermore, the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method is discussed by comparing the results obtained from the Monte Carlo simulation and those of other methods. The obtained results indicate that the performance of the proposed model in solving reliability modeling problems is better.


This study aims to formulate an integrated and sustainable management strategy for Lake Limboto's sustainable ecosystem. The stages of the study include (1) identifying the problems that occur in Lake Limboto and analyzing the general conditions of the ecosystem, which includes biophysical waters, land use patterns in water catchment areas, and socio-economics; (2) measuring the sustainability of the lake management using the Multi-Dimensional Scaling (MDS) method and leverage analysis. The results of the Multi-Dimensional Scaling analysis show that the sustainability index value of the ecosystem, economic, social, institutional, and technological dimensions are less sustainable, less than 50. In contrast, the economic dimension is entirely sustainable at 62.90; meanwhile, the ecosystem dimension index is 18.59, which means the sustainability status is poor. These figures indicate that the management of Lake Limboto and its surrounding area mainly considers the economic aspects and relatively ignores the dimensions of its ecosystem.


An ultrasound display apparatus provides a two-dimensional display of a fluid filled cavity and surrounding wall tissue in the form of a sequence of pixel image frames that are shown on a display screen. The apparatus includes circuitry for indicating wall tissue displacements on the screen on a frame by frame basis. The apparatus includes a pixel classification circuit for classifying pixels in each pixel image frame into two types, i.e., tissue or fluid. A frame comparator determines which pixels change classification from one to another type as between a pair of succeeding frames. A color assignment circuit assigns to changed-type pixels in a frame, a color value which causes the changed pixels to be readily differentiated by a viewing user. Different color values are used from frame to frame on both ventricular expansion and contraction cycles.


On the basis of Grey Clustering Evaluation Method,we choose vegetable supply actuality in Beijing as the object to do the evaluation.This paper uses several indexes of both supply quantity and quality,defines relevant whitening function and its parameters,builds and calculates the evaluation model,then gets the result which can reflect the vegetable supply security in Beijing.From the analysis,we can see that the vegetable security in large-scale wholesale is more safety than that of the small-scale ones in both quantity and quality aspects.


AbstractLarge errors arise in potentiostatic pulse experiments when an iR compensation is not employed. A method for simultaneous iR drop correction during potentiostatic control experiments is described. The method is applied to a Wenking ST72 potentiostat and an example potentiostatic pulse experiment is described.


The development and test of a multi-wavelength setup for optical stimulation of gas sensors consisting of an LED driver board and a gas measurement chamber is presented. The aim of this work was to facilitate dynamic sensor measurements under variable light wavelength and intensity to investigate the potential of light stimulation for improved sensor performance, i.e. sensitivity and selectivity. The setup was tested on two different sensors in varying gas atmosphere to evaluate its performance.


A large incoming group 11C/14C kinetic isotope effect of 1.0104 ± 0.0023 has been measured for the SN2 reaction between benzyl chloride and labeled cyanide ion in 20% aqueous DMSO at 30.00 °C. These large incoming group kinetic isotope effects have also been measured for the SN2 reactions of other para-substituted benzyl chlorides with cyanide ion. A combination of the incoming group 11C/14C and chlorine (Hill J. W.; Fry, A., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1962, 84, 2763) leaving group kinetic isotope effects have been used to model the SN2 transition states for these reactions. Adding a more electron-withdrawing para substituent to the substrate does not affect the stronger N⋮C- - -Cα reacting bond significantly but shortens the weaker Cα- - -Cl reacting bond markedly.


Neisseria meningitidis remains an important cause of human disease. It is highly adapted to the human host – its only known reservoir. Adaptations to the host environment include many specific interactions with human molecules including iron-binding proteins, components of the innate and adaptive immune systems, and cell surface receptors such as the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR). Interaction of the meningococcus with EGFR has been elucidated in some detail and leads to intracellular signalling and cytoskeletal changes contributing to the pathogenesis of the organism. Here, we show that the meningococcus also recruits Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 1 (FGFR1) onto the surface of human blood microvascular epithelial cells (HBMECs). Furthermore, meningococci internalised into these cells recruit the activated form of this receptor, and that expression and activation of FGFR1 is necessary for efficient internalisation of meningococci into HBMECs. We show that Neisseria meningitidis interacts specifically with the IIIc isoform of FGFR1.


Abstract Study of diagenesis in cores from Kapuni Field, Waihapa‐2, Kaimiro‐2, and New Plymouth‐2 shows many expected features—quartz and feldspar dissolution and precipitation, clay mineral precipitation, and carbonate dissolution and precipitation. Local variations may overprint broader trends; early quartz overgrowth in parts of the basin is not recognisable in Kapuni wells, and feldspars may be etched differentially. In the Kapuni Group, early siderite precipitated from pore waters similar to those in which the host sediment was deposited, whereas late calcite was probably deposited from fresh water. In the Moki Formation, some calcite may be similarly late, but variations in pH modified deposition. Cathodoluminescence of new growth of calcite and quartz shows considerable variety, and some luminescent and non‐luminescent quartz have grown contemporaneously. Most stable isotope data show regular trends. Petroleum has migrated within the Taranaki Basin at least twice: once during early diagenesis of th...


This paper considels ani optimal-cointrol problem for the dyniamics of ati epidemic spread, the optimal cointrol beiing the level of medical program effort to achieve a terminal nuimber of infectives withini specified limits in a way that minimizes the present value of the social and medical costs over a finiite horizoni. Filst, the special polar cases of fixed alid free-end-points are solved for large as well as small capability of the health delivery system in delivering the medical care. The complete soltutioin to the general problem is then construicted from these polal cases. The fixed-end-poinit case with stfficiently large capability of the health delivery system is solved by utsing Green's theorem, while the other cases requiire additiolnal uise of switchilug point ainalysis based on the maximum priniciple. The optimal control is characterized by a combiniationl of bang-bang, impulse, anid singular cointrol, with the singular arc forming a turnpike. It is showin that the ttulrnpike behavior of the optimal control genieralizes to short horizon aiid botunded control sittiationis.


Al-4, 10 and 25mass%Cu alloy ribbons were produced by a rapid solidification method using a single roller technique. Cooling rates were estimated to be about 104-106K/s. The microstructures, differential scanning calormetry, tensile strength/yield stress and hardness of the ribbons were investigated. The structures of cross-section of ribbons were composed of fine crystalline grains, fine dendrites and non-equilibrium celluar eutectic structures formed in coupled zone. The precipitation in the rapidly solidified ribbons started at lower temperatures and was observed at a wider temperature range than that in the solution treated alloys. This was explained by the increased dislocation density and grain boundary area in rapidly solidified ribbons. The maximum tensile strength and yield stress were obtained in the alloys annealed at about 400-500K. The microstructure and hardness of the chilled surface were different from those of the free surface. The increased annealing temperature resulted in the similar values of hardness in both surfaces of ribbons.


Introduction Information on numbers zero to 155 Brief information on other numbers Hints, answers and extensions to the problems Bibliography.


ABSTRACT This paper considers the implications of mean shifts in a multivariate setting. It is shown that under the additive outlier type mean shift specification, the intercept in each equation of the vector autoregression (VAR) will be subject to multiple shifts when the break dates of the mean shifts to the univariate series do not coincide. Conversely, under the innovative outlier type mean shift specification, both the univariate and the multivariate time series are subject to multiple shifts when mean shifts to the innovation processes occur at different dates. We consider two procedures, the first removes the shifts series by series before forming the VAR, and the second removes intercept shifts in the VAR directly. The pros and cons of both methods are discussed.


We consider the problem of joint activity detection and channel estimation in massive random access. When the receiver has multiple antennas, this is a joint sparse recovery problem with multiple measurement vectors (MMV). For the general setting where the channels could be correlated across antennas, we first develop a modified minimum mean squared error (MMSE) shrinkage function to be used in the Trainable Iterative Soft Thresholding Algorithm (TISTA). Then, we learn this MMSE shrinkage function using a model-based neural network. In the simulation results, the proposed learning-based method, L-MMSE-MMV-TISTA, offers a 30-40% reduction in preamble length requirement compared to TISTA. We also compare L-MMSE-MMV-TISTA with the state-of-the-art MMV sparse Bayesian learning (M-SBL) method. While M-SBL can provide better performance at the cost of higher complexity in highly measurement-constrained settings, LMMSE-MMV-TISTA provides a significant complexity advantage when only a slightly larger number of measurements are available.


Objectives Use of the term 'patient' has been recently debated, compared with alternatives including 'consumer' and 'client'. This scoping study aimed to provide an integrated view of preferred labels across healthcare contexts and countries to clarify labelling preferences of individuals accessing healthcare. Design Scoping study. Data sources A preliminary literature search using GoogleScholar, Medline, Embase and PsycINFO found 43 key papers discussing terminology for labelling individuals accessing healthcare services. We then used citation chaining with PubMed and GoogleScholar to identify studies discussing term preferences among healthcare recipients. Eligibility criteria No date limits were applied, and all healthcare settings were considered. Primary research studies examining terminology preferences of individuals accessing healthcare, published in peer-reviewed journals were eligible. Data extraction and synthesis All authors extracted data regarding preferred term and study characteristics, and assessed reporting quality of the studies using criteria relevant to our design. Results We identified 1565 articles, of which 47 met inclusion criteria. Six articles that examined preference for personal address (eg, first name) were excluded. Of the remaining 41 studies, 33 examined generic terms ('patient', 'client', 'consumer') and 8 focused on cancer survivorship. Of the 33 examining generic terms, 27 reported a preference for 'patient' and four for 'client'. Samples preferring 'client' were typically based in mental health settings and conducted in the USA. Of the eight cancer survivorship studies, five found a preference for 'survivor', and three 'someone who had had cancer'. Conclusions Overall, healthcare recipients appear to prefer the term 'patient', with few preferring 'consumer'. Within general clinical and research contexts, it therefore seems appropriate to continue using the label 'patient' in the absence of knowledge about an individual's preferences. Reasons for preferences (eg, familiarity, social identity) and the implications of labelling for healthcare have not been investigated adequately, necessitating future empirical (including qualitative) research.


A methodology to efficiently simulate wind tunnel tests of several airfoils with OpenFOAM has been developed in this work. This methodology bridges OpenFOAM capabilities with MATLAB post-processing in order to analyze efficiently the performance of wind turbine airfoils at any angle of attack. This technique has been developed to reduce the cost, in terms of time and resources, of wind tunnel campaigns on wind turbine blade airfoils. Different turbulence models were used to study the behavior of the airfoils near stall. Wind turbine airfoils need to be characterized for all possible angles of attack, in order to reproduce the real aerodynamic patterns during operation. Unfortunately, this situation is translated into a huge demand of wind tunnel testing resources, airfoil manufacturing and data post-processing. The high costs in terms of experimental measurements have encouraged many researches to elaborate airfoil catalogues by performing Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations. Results are compared with a testing campaign on wind turbine airfoils aerodynamics run at AB6 wind tunnel of IDR/UPM located at the campus Universidad Politecnica de Madrid (Madrid, Spain), this tunnel being particularly suited for bi-dimensional applications. It is an open wind tunnel with a test section of 2.5 × 0.5 m, the turbulence intensity is under 3% at a Reynolds number of Re ≅ 5•105.


(57) Abstract: Method and apparatus for enhanced CMEA, or ECMEA process. The forward method ECMEA and opposite direction ECMEA process is performed. The forward ECMEA process decrypts the encrypted text by the opposite direction of the ECMEA process, ECMEA process in the opposite direction, to decrypt the encrypted text by forward ECMEA process. The forward ECMEA process, transform, uses an iterative and inverse transform of the CMEA process. ECMEA process in the opposite direction, the conversion in the opposite direction, using the inverse of repetition and opposite direction CMEA process. Repetition of transformation and inverse transformation and CMEA process uses an offset secret to enhance security. Repetition of the conversion and CMEA process also uses an enhanced tbox function using an involuntary lookup table.


Life-cycle studies of houses have concentrated on the physical building, excluding the support systems that are essential for the successful operation of the house, while studies of support systems, such as water supply, usually concentrate on performance improvements and not on the implications of the use of a particular system on the overall residential development. Lifecycle analysis is capable of evaluating competing alternatives based on their environmental performance. This paper examines the impact of water supply systems selection on the environmental performance of individual houses in urban New Zealand using a life-cycle analysis model. The analysis is based on life-cycle energy, environmental impact and cost. Results suggest that the impact of the water supply system on the total performance of the house is negligible when other operating energy uses such as space and water heating are considered. Nevertheless, rain water harvesting systems supplying a household s total water demand could be used as an environmentally friendlier and cheaper alternative to conventional water supply systems for larger individual houses located in Auckland. For smaller houses, however, continued use of mains water supply systems with reduced consumption is the most environmentally efficient.


A problem for the generation of polyclonal antibodies is the potential difficulties to obtain a renewable resource due to batch-to-batch variations when the same antigen is immunized into several s ...


Abstract:The Talmud describes conversations in which women addressed questions to the sage R. Eliezer, and his responses seem offensive. This article explains that R. Eliezer used a consistent educational method, reflected both in his conversations with these women and in his teaching of R. Akiva: He answered all of them with fiery words of Torah, allowing them to hear either an insult or an invitation to engage in a struggle that promoted their moral growth. This approach to teaching is part of the context of his (in)famous saying that "One who teaches his daughter Torah, teaches her tiflut." That saying is commonly read as indicating that he disapproved of teaching women. However, the relevant texts support an alternative reading: His saying was a complaint about the way fathers taught their daughters Torah—watering down fiery words of Torah and thereby teaching their daughters worthless words, tiflut.


Although not monuments in the traditional sense, modernist Afrikaans Protestant churches erected during the 20th century are reminders of the wealth of the Afrikaner people, the stringent union of ...


The invention relates to a ticket outlet module for an automatic postcard ticket vending machine. The ticket outlet module sequentially comprises a supplied postcard separating area, a reading area, a containing area and a ticket discharging area. The supplied postcard separating area is provided with a separating mechanism which comprises belt wheels, a friction belt, a reverse damping wheel and an L-shaped baffle. The friction belt is driven to rotate through the belt wheels and drives postcards to be conveyed forwards, an inclined angle is formed on the lower portion of the L-shaped baffle, and thus postcards are made to be in an imbricate shape. The reverse damping wheel is driven by a motor, so that the second ticket on the bottom ticket receives reverse push force, and the effect that the second ticket is prevented from moving forwards and being separated out together with the bottom ticket is achieved. Outlet double-scanning detection and barcode scanning are conducted by a scanning structure of the reading area, barcode scanning is conducted if a detection result is normal, and otherwise containing actions are conducted. A containing mechanism is arranged in the containing area, a wing door of the containing mechanism is controlled to swing up and down through an electromagnet, and the postcards are made to fall into a containing position below the front end of the wing door or are discharged through a ticket discharging mechanism.


Mobile Ad hoc Networks are very vulnerable to malicious attacks due to the nature of mobile computing environment such as wireless communication channels,limited power and bandwidth,dynamically changing and distributed network topology,etc.The general existing Intrusion Detection Systems(IDS) have provided little evidence that they are applicable to a broader range threats.Based on the generalized and cooperative intrusion detection architecture proposed as the foundation for all intrusion detection,we presented an anomaly detection mechanism to discriminate the illegitimate network behaviors of mobile nodes.By collecting the observation sequences of multiple protocol layers,Hidden semi-Markov Model(HSMM) was explored to describe the network behaviors of legitimate nodes and to implement the anomaly detection for various malicious attacks.We conducted extensive experiments using the ns-2 simulation environment to evaluate and validate our research.


It has been the fault of both pacifism and liberalism in the past that they have ignored the immense burden of inherited evil under which society and civilization labour and have planned an imaginary world for an impossible humanity. We must recognize that we are living in an imperfect world in which human and superhuman forces of evil are at work and so long as those forces affect the political behaviour of mankind there can be no hope of abiding peace. --Christopher Dawson, "The Catholic Attitude to War," 1937 (1) While the effects of sin abound--greed, dishonesty and corruption, broken relationships and exploitation of persons, pornography and violence--the recognition of individual sinfulness has waned. In its place a disturbing culture of blame and litigiousness has arisen which speaks more of revenge than justice and fails to acknowledge that in every man and woman there is a wound which, in the light of faith, we call original sin. --John Paul II, Address to American Bishops, May 14, 2004 A CALM AND REASONABLE case can and should be made for the possession and effective use of force in today's world. It is irresponsible not to plan for the necessity of force in the face of real turmoils and enemies actually present in the world. No talk of peace, justice, truth, or virtue is complete without a clear understanding that certain individuals, movements, and nations must be met with measured force, however much we might prefer to deal with them peacefully or pleasantly. Without force, many will not talk seriously at all, and some not even then. Human, moral, and economic problems are greater today for the lack of adequate military force or, more often, for the failure to use it when necessary. This view goes against a certain rhetorical grain, but it is a fact that needs attention and comprehension. We are not in some new world-historic age in which we can bypass these "outmoded" instruments of power, however rhetorically fine it may be to talk that way. Human nature has not changed, neither for better nor for worse. Human institutions, whether national or international, have not so improved that they themselves cannot be threats to the human good. Who watches the watchdogs remains a fundamental, if not the fundamental, question of the human condition. It is an issue with philosophical, theological, and political dimensions. This is a counter-cultural position. It goes against much articulate liberal and religious sentiment. Yet I consider these often ungrounded sentiments about abolishing war to be themselves part of the problem of war's dangers. General Douglas MacArthur's tomb is in the old city hall in Norfolk, Virginia. I recently visited it. On the wall above his grave is a plaque with the memorable and eloquent words that this military commander spoke on the occasion of the Japanese surrender in 1945: It is my earnest hope and indeed the hope of all mankind that from this solemn occasion a better world shall emerge out of the blood and carnage of the past--a world founded upon faith and understanding--a world dedicated to the dignity of man and the fulfillment of his most cherished wish, for freedom, tolerance, and justice.... We have had our last chance. If we do not now devise some greater and more equitable system, Armageddon will be at our door. The problem is basically theological, and involves a spiritual recrudescence and improvement of human character that will synchronize with our almost matchless advances in science, art, and literature, and all material and cultural developments in the past two thousand years. It must be of the spirit if we are to save the flesh. On reading these words, I was struck by how much they now appear to me to be part of the problem, not the solution, as I once thought. …


This paper mainly focuses on the design of a self- adaptive fuzzy PID controller, especially for the depth control of floating ocean seismograph. This controller is based on the variable buoyancy system of floating ocean seismograph. And the buoyancy variation caused by the density of seawater changing with the depth has been taken into consideration. First of all, hydrodynamics equations are established. Combined with the variable buoyancy system, the mathematical model of floating ocean seismograph is obtained. And then, self-adaptive fuzzy PID control method is designed to do research into the depth control of floating ocean seismograph. The simulation results indicate that the proposed controller shows its superiority compared with traditional PID controller for the floating ocean seismograph.


This study proposes an effective model and algorithm for the micro-grid energy management which includes electric vehicle charging stations. The randomness of electric vehicle arrival and departure time and the fluctuating electricity price are considered in the model. Also, given to the uncertainty of photovoltaic production and load forecast, a two-stage robust optimization method is proposed. The first stage considers day-ahead scheduling, and the second state uses a model predictive control (MPC) method based real-time optimization. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the model and algorithm. Also, the superiority of accurate prediction (using historical data) over a random arrive time distribution is demonstrated. The impact of the number of charging piles and charging power is also analyzed.


The service and relationship of network operators in China being described,a service and benefit model was presented,and then the non-cooperative gaming between the competitive network operators was analyzed.Analysis results showed that the effect of combined operation of competitive network operators under non-cooperative gaming conditions could be attained by regulating cooperation factors between them,with the Nash equilibrium and the global system optimum converged.It could be concluded that the physical merging of the networks owned by different operators was not necessary.With the participation of network convergence center,the efficient network convergence could be attained by appropriate charging policy supervision and adjusting the operators charging relationship.


In May and June of 2010 I accompanied Janet Rodgers to Serbia and Greece for three weeks of immersion into the creation of Greek theatre using the methods of Belgrade's DAH Theatre and the voice training of Frankie Armstrong. Previously, Rodgers, Professor of Theatre and Head of Performance at Virginia Commonwealth University, had taken several groups of actors to work with the DAH theatre both in their home in Serbia and to the Sibiu International Theatre Festival in Romania where the DAH had taught workshops. The trip to Belgrade in 2010 allowed Rodgers to explore these diverse methods of training and theatre creation but included Frankie Armstrong's voice work onsite in Belgrade for the first time. This resulted in an exciting piece of theatre which the actors presented in an ancient Greek theatre in Thorikos near Cape Sounion. My part in this project was to accompany Armstrong to Belgrade from London and to assist in the teaching of her traditional voice work.


Ninety‐two American Indian 5th graders from a rural, northern plains reservation community completed Nominal Group Technique (NGT) sessions designed to understand both barriers and facilitators to following DGA. Individually and in small groups, children generated lists of responses to specific questions, then ranked responses as a group. Environmental concerns were perceived as barriers to being physically active ("cops yell at us"; "it's too cold"; "too much glass"; "dogs"), to fruit, ("there is only a little bit at home") and vegetable ("cost too much"; school don't have the kind I like") consumption. Children also reported intrinsic barriers to consuming fruits ("don't like them much") and vegetables ("they smell funny"). Facilitators to following DGA recommendations for fruit consumption referred to hedonic values ("fruit is good"; "fruits make me happy"), while facilitators for vegetable consumption were prescriptive ("put vegetables out for lunch"; "make a garden and plant vegetables"). While it is clear that features of the food and built environment contribute to children's lack of compliance to the DGA, responses indicate that room exists for improving children's health behavior knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors.


Pressure is growing on the UK government to change its mind and approve a minimum price for a unit of alcohol in England after a comprehensive evidence review commissioned by Public Health England backed the policy.

After the report was published on Friday 2 December,1 43 organisations and experts sent a letter to the chancellor of the exchequer, Philip Hammond, calling on him to implement measures such as a minimum unit price for alcohol and increased taxes on high strength white cider, to tackle the burden of alcohol on people, the NHS, and public services.2

The new report sets out the range of existing evidence on the positive effect that a minimum price on alcohol can have in reducing the prevalence of drinking. Such a policy has been adopted by the Scottish government but not yet introduced there because of repeated legal challenges from the alcohol industry that …


High utility itemsets refer to set of items which has high utility like profit or importance in a database, and efficient mining of high utility itemsets plays an important role in many real-life applications. Mining high utility itemsets (HUIs) from large amount of databases is finding of itemsets with high utilities or values (e.g. high profits). Exist too many HUIs to users reduces the efficiency of the mining process. To accomplish high efficiency for the mining job and to provide a summarizing mining result to users from large amount of databases, we propose a new innovative framework in this paper for mining closedþ high utility itemsets (CHUIs), which functions as a lossless and compact representation of HUIs. Where we propose three capable algorithms named AprioriCH (Apriori-based algorithm for mining High Utility Closed itemsets), AprioriHC-D (AprioriHC algorithm with Discarding unpromising and isolated items) and CHUD (Closed High Utility Itemset Discovery) to find this representation. Later on, a scheme called DAHU (Derive All High Utility Itemsets) is proposed to recuperate all HUIs from the set of CHUIs without accessing the original database. Results which obtain from real and synthetic datasets indicates that the proposed algorithms are very efficient and that the methodologies reach a massive decrease in the number of HUIs. In addition, when all HUIs can be recuperated by DAHU, the combination of CHUD (Closed þ High Utility Itemset Discovery) and DAHU (Derive All High Utility Itemsets) overtakes the state-of-the-art algorithms for mining HUIs. KeywordsFrequent itemset, high utility itemset, concise and lossless representation, utility mining, data mining.


Under mild conditions, it can be induced from the Karush–Kuhn–Tucker condition that the Pareto set, in the decision space, of a continuous Multiobjective Optimization Problems(MOPs) is a piecewise continuous ( 1) m D   manifold(where m is the number of objectives). One hand, the traditional Multiobjective Optimization Algorithms(EMOAs) cannot utilize this regularity property; on the other hand, the Regular Model-Based Multiobjective Estimation of Distribution Algorithm(RM-MEDA) only able to build the linear model of decision space using linear modelling algorithm, such as: the local principal component analysis algorithm(Local PCA).Aim at the shortcomings of EMOAs and RM-MEDA, the Manifold-Learning-Based Multiobjective Evolutionary Algorithm Via Self-Organizing Maps(ML-MOEA/SOM) is proposed for continuous multiobjective optimization problems. At each generation, first, via Self-Organizing Maps, the proposed algorithm learns such a nonlinear manifold in the decision space; then, new trial solutions is built through expanding the neurons of SOM with random noise; at the end, a nondominated sorting-based selection is used for choosing solutions for the next generation. Systematic experiments have shown that, overall, ML-MOEA/SOM outperforms NSGA-II, and is competitive with RM-MEDA in terms of convergence and diversity, on a set of test instances with variable linkages. We have demonstrated that, compared with NSGA-II and RM-MEDA, via self-Organizing maps, ML-MOEA/SOM can dig nonlinear manifold hidden in the decision space of multiobjective optimization problems.


Career choice is an indispensable decision made by adolescents as they progress in high school. While this decision process starts early for some adolescents from enriched environment the process comes late for some other adolescents who could not come to terms with themselves as a sequel to inability to identify what they would like to become in future. Obviously, making career decision is predicated on information at the disposal of the adolescent. Indeed, a multiplicity of internal and external variables could combine to fast track or delay the career decisions by adolescents. Commenting on career, Alutu (2017) says:


Abstract Financial capital is a critical resource for growing firms, yet women entrepreneurs received very small percent of the funding. This research updates earlier research by the Diana Project using a data base of all venture capital funded firms in the US. We compare funding in those firms led by men and women across stage, sector, state, region and outcomes. Results show women have made progress in attracting venture capital, although there is still a significant gender gap. A research framework and future research directions are proposed.


Optimal Network Reconfiguration (NR) is a well-accepted approach to minimize power loss and enhance voltage profile in the Electrical Distribution Networks (EDN). Since the NR problem contains huge combinational search space, most researchers consider the meta-heuristic techniques to attain NR solution. However, these meta-heuristic techniques do not guarantee to obtain the optimal solution besides they require large processing time to converge. This is mainly due to (1) random initialization and updating of population and (2) the continuous verification of population during the search process. With the aim of reducing the computational time and improving the consistency in obtaining the optimal solution as well as minimizing power loss and enhancing the voltage profile of the EDN, this work proposes a new method based on two-stage optimizations. The proposed method introduces an approach to simplify the network into simplified network graph. Then, this approach is utilized for guided initializations and generations of the population and for the proper population's codification. The proposed method is implemented using the firefly algorithm and verified on 33-bus and 118-bus test systems. The results show the ability of the proposed method to obtain the optimal solution within fast computational time and with superior consistency compared to the conventional methods.


This ARI looks at the main challenges faced by the Slovenian Presidency of the EU as the first of the group of countries that joined the Union in 2004.

Slovenia is the first of the member states that joined the EU in 2004 to have introduced the euro and taken up the Presidency of the Union in 2008. As part of the newly-introduced treble Presidency team –the Trio, along with Germany and Portugal–, it will be the last of the initial three to take up the Presidency and its turn will be between those of two member states that are considered the 'engines of European integration': Germany at the beginning of the first Trio and France at the beginning of the second. Slovenia's ambition is to be a 'good Presidency'.


In the industrial era 4.0 as it is today, the ease and speed of getting something is highly sought after, including the ease and speed of obtaining financial services. The convenience of banking services is an advantage for consumers in choosing a service provided in the bank. This is what banks do to form services from conventional banks to open digital services. But it is felt that digital services are not enough to meet the needs of customers in carrying out all their transaction activities at the bank. With that, a digital bank service was opened. However, if viewed from the juridical aspect in Indonesia, there is no special regulation that regulates digital banks. As a country that adheres to a civil law system, it has become a real consequence that all applicable laws must be codified and regulated according to applicable laws. Problems arise when digital banks operate but there is no legal basis to specifically deal with it. This research uses a normative juridical method with a library approach. The findings obtained from this article are that there are no special rules governing digital banks in a law so that a special rule regarding digital banks is needed because there are significant differences with conventional banks.Keyword: Digital Bank, Regulation, Indonesia


English degree construction plays an irreplaceable role in the process of reviving northeast old industrial base,which is the inevitable result of the globalization.Nevertheless,Jilin Province hasn't seized the favorable opportunities in English degree construction during the developing stage of transformation and opening.Influenced by the ideas of education and geographical environment,though the three-degree system is complete,it is situated at the backward position both in its quantity and quality,compared with the same subject in China,which objectively is one of the drags on the transformation and reviving of the old industrial base.So it significances a great deal both theoretically and practically for Jilin Province to transform and revive the old industrial base as well as to speech up merging in globalization if we have a clear idea of the significance of English degree construction and the situation of English degree construction in Jilin Province.


Summary Ozone, a notorious environmental pollutant, potently induced defense/stress-related proteins in the leaves of two-week-old rice seedling, as evidenced by high-resolution two-dimensional electrophoresis. These inductions by ozone were preceded by very early (within minutes) and specific changes in the phosphorylation status of proteins, including the appearance of new phosphoproteins, over the unchanged filtered pollution free air control. Furthermore, a protein of approximately 66-kDa in leaf extracts showed strong and specific cross-reaction with an anti-MAPKinase (ERK1) antibody, and whose levels increased within 5 min of ozone exposure, over its decrease in control, which may suggest possible involvement of ERK-type MAPKs in the ozone-elicited self-defense response pathway(s) in rice. Furthermore, global signaling molecules, potent protein phosphatase inhibitors, and cut also significantly enhanced the level of this MAPK in leaf segments, providing additional support for its involvement in the cut/wound- and the defense/stress-response(s). Moreover, in-gel kinase assay revealed rapid activation of a 48-kDa myelin basic protein-phosphorylating activity by ozone in seedling leaves over control. Present results provide first data on the activation of the kinase-signaling cascade(s) downstream of ozone perception in rice seedling leaves that might be involved in the ozone-elicited rice self-defense response(s).


During a ten-year period (1959 to 1969) 80 patients underwent operation for aneurysm of the ascending aorta, 24 for acute dissection and 56 for chronic dissection or fusiform enlargement. Fifteen of the patients with acute dissecting aneurysms and 46 of those with chronic lesions had aortic regurgitation; 70% of the entire series required aortic valve replacement. The predominant pathologic lesion was cystic medial degeneration in 75% and atherosclerosis in 25% of the cases. Mortality was 25% for patients with acute dissecting aneurysms, 17% for those with chronic lesions, and 20% for the entire series. We recommend aggressive surgical therapy for acute dissecting aneurysm of the ascending aorta. In our experience this is a more serious condition than acute dissection of the descending aorta.