ISO 9001:2015 edition, by adopting modern management and quality approaches, can foster the application of continuous improvement (CI) methodologies. The purpose of this paper is to assess the level of utilization of Kaizen and other CI methodologies within Portuguese ISO 9001 certified organizations, namely, amid organizations that have already implemented ISO 9001:2015.,After the literature review, a quantitative research, supported on an online survey, was adopted. The survey yielded 309 valid responses (response rate 18 percent) encompassing 71 organizations already certified against ISO 9001:2015 and the remaining 238 against ISO 9001:2008. The results of the statistical analysis performed were reviewed with a focus group of five quality and organizational excellence managers.,The results show a mildly use of Kaizen, Lean and Six Sigma (SS) by Portuguese ISO 9001 certified organizations, which is increase when compared to previous studies. The sample of organizations that are already certified by ISO 9001:2015 have mean and median levels of customer improvement methodologies adoption (Lean, Kaizen, SS) higher than those that are still certified against ISO 9001:2008. However, the Kruskal-Wallis test showed that these differences are not statistically significant. Concerning the adoption of these methodologies by activity sector, the sample median values seem to suggest that Lean and SS are more commonly adopted in the industry than in the services, but according to the Kruskal-Wallis test these differences are not statistically significant. Checklists, plan-do-check-act cycle and process diagrams, followed by DMAIC, are the quality tools that are most frequently adopted. A high workload due to the transition process for ISO 9001:2015 and the lack of qualified people were suggested as possible explanations for these results by the Expert Focus Group.,The study is restricted to ISO 9001 certified organizations in Portugal and due to the short time since ISO 9001:2015 implementation it should be considered as having an explanatory nature and subject to future confirmation.,This study on the application of CI methodologies between ISO 9001:2015 and ISO 9001:2008 certified organizations contributes to the Kaizen and CI body of knowledge and provides inputs to the organizations and professionals that aim to successfully apply it.


This paper investigates the poor households in Geshui Village of Shitan Town in Qingxin County,explores roles of information to the poor rural,and then describes impacts of information poverty in poor rural.The author points out the main impact factors of information poverty in poor rural are cultural education,social information context,economic level,thinking concept and makes further suggestions for eliminating information poverty in poor rural.


This paper describes the network protocol which keeps the software counters synchronized over the network. The time keeping system uses one clock as a time offering server. The other four clocks, used as clients, synchronize their local clocks with the server clock and the other clock distribute on a TCP/IP network system. The system was coded in JAVA and the flow charts are given in the system design.


Background

Tobacco smoking is the single leading risk factor for burden of disease in Western Europe. To facilitate adherence to smoking ban legislation in Switzerland a smoking cessation programme in a workplace setting was developed with the IFT Institute for Therapy Research in Munich and nationally implemented by the Lung Association Basel.

AIM: We will investigate the association of quit rates (QR) with trainer characteristics in this programme.

Methods

This scientific analysis is based on 1'600 …


Abstract This paper accounts for broad definitions of memory, which extend to paradigmatic memory phenomena, like episodic memory in humans, and phenomena in worms and sea snails. These definitions may seem too broad, suggesting that they extend to phenomena that don't count as memory or illustrate that memory is not a natural kind. However, these responses fail to consider a definition as a hypothesis. As opposed to construing definitions as expressing memory's properties, a definition as a hypothesis is the basis to test inferences about phenomena. A definition as a hypothesis is valuable when the "kinding" of phenomena is ongoing.


This paper looks at the basic relationship between the customer and the supplier, and the many complex relationships between the various engineering functions in a large railway upgrade project. The requirements for data control and simulation are established, together with systems integration. Finally the validation is covered in the form of a satisfactory working timetable. (11 pages)


Abstract Radioactive sources are used in different fields and mainly in medicine, industry, agriculture, and research. However, the use of these sources should be accompanied with adequate safety a...


AbstractAn investigation of the environments and climatology of severe thunderstorms from 1999 through 2009 across the northeastern United States is presented. A total of 742 severe weather events producing over 12 000 reports were examined. Given the challenges that severe weather forecasting can present in the Northeast, this study is an effort to distinguish between the more prolific severe-weather-producing events and those that produce only isolated severe weather. The meteorological summer months (June–August) are found to coincide with the peak severe season. During this time, 850–500- and 700–500-hPa lapse rates, mixed layer convective inhibition (MLCIN), and downdraft convective available potential energy (DCAPE) are found to be statistically significant in discriminating events with a large number of reports from those producing fewer reports, based on observed soundings. Composite synoptic pattern analyses are also presented to spatially characterize the distribution of key meteorological varia...


ogren's syndrome (SS). Autoantibodies against M3R 228−237 have been shown to interfere with the function of M3R. However, few studies have been performed on the M3R 205−227 peptide of the second extracellular loop. In the current study, we sought to investigate the effect of M3R 208−227 peptide immunization on autoimmune response in NOD/LtJ mice. We synthesized the M3R 208−227 peptide and immunized NOD/LtJ mice to investigate whether peptide-specific antibodies could be generated and whether immunization would lead to changes in autoimmune response in NOD/LtJ mice. Our results demonstrate that the secretions of Th-1, Th-2, and Th-17 cytokines are downregulated and lymphocytic infiltration is improved in the salivary glands and lacrimal glands following immunization with M3R 208−227 peptide in NOD/LtJ mice, suggesting that peptide immunotherapy using the M3R 208−227 peptide may represent a potential therapeutic alternative.


An experimental investigation has been carried out to study the use of perforated plates to control the velocity distribution at the outlet of a wide-angle asymmetric diffuser. The diffuser was half a pyramidal diffuser, the inner wall of which was parallel to the flow, while the other was inclined. The diffuser opening angles were horizontally 45° and vertically 30° and the area ratio was equal to 7. A combination of four perforated plates with porosities of 45% resulted in differing velocity distributions at the outlet of the diffuser. Laser Doppler velocimetry measurements and wall static pressure results indicated the existence of different flow regimes when the perforated plates were placed at different locations. Velocity distributions investigated within the diffuser showed a complicated flow pattern between the different combinations of perforated plates.


Medical hoaxes and urban legends are becoming so common on the Internet that the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) created a special Web site to counter them.

In early April the site ([www.cdc.gov/hoax_rumors.htm][1]) carried warnings about 9 rumours and hoaxes, including one


In this paper, by using the second order η-approximation method introduced by Antczak [3], new saddle point results are obtained for a nonlinear mathematical programming problem involving second order invex functions with respect to the same function η. Moreover, a second order η-saddle point and a second order η-Lagrange function are defined for the so-called second order η-approximated optimization problem constructed in this method. Then, the equivalence between an optimal solution in the original mathematical programming problem and a second order η-saddle point of the second order η-Lagrangian in the associated second order η-approximated optimization problem is established. Finally, some example of using this approach to characterize of solvability of some O.R. problem is given.


This article presents the use of 3D GIS to represent, analyze and explore the most common urban rules of constructability found in French local urban planning regulations. A model is proposed in order to allow the capture and the management of urban rules. In this article, the exploration of these rules is made in 3D GIS through three different functions: check-up of these rules on a parcel, visualization of volume generated by a set of rules and generation under constraints of a building shape regarding to this volume. Thus, this tool offers the possibility to link parameters of urban rules to their impact on morphology of buildings. MOTS-CLES : SIG 3D, regles d'urbanisme, analyse spatiale, geovisualisation


In Colombia, there continues to be an increase in the number of victims of
internal displacement. Despite the various actions taken by the national government
and local authorities, they have not been able to restore the rights
of people who have been living in this situation for more than a decade. This
is clearly a humanitarian crisis that violates significantly the rights of more
than four million citizens. Currently the national government is revising its
policy in response to orders issued by the Constitutional Court. During 2010,
modifications were made to the Humanitarian Assistance policy to serve this
population however historical shortcomings in the construction of the policy
were evident. These shortcomings, relating to the effective participation of
the displaced population in the construction and the design of the policy,
have not been overcome.


This invention relates to a heat-resistant, antiwear cast iron, especially a beaded pearlite-type one containing such elements as C, Si, Mn, Cr, Mo, V, Ti, Cu, Al and rare-earth. It is suitable for making the parts to resist high-temp. shock and high-temp. gas flush (for example, the air-inlet and-outlet valve seat rings of internal combustion engine). Its metallographic structures after casting and heat treatment are respectively austenite (or the transformed products of austenite: troostite and martensite) plus eutectic carbide and beaded pearlite plus eutectic carbide.


The invention relates to the field of farming machines and tools, and aims at providing a farming machine and a farming method thereof. The farming machine comprises a machine frame, two coulter wheels, two drag wheels and a dragging and farming device. The coulter wheels and the drag wheels are symmetrically arranged on the two sides of the machine frame, and the coulter wheels are arranged in front of the drag wheels. The farming machine and the farming method thereof have the advantages that multiple coulters are arranged on the coulter wheels of the farming machine, when the farming machine is driven to moving forward, framing can be conducted simultaneously, the dragging and farming device is arranged at the bottom of the farming machine, the driving force which is generated when the coulter wheels conduct farming is utilized to the maximum extent to supplement farming in the empty portion in the middle, maximization of power farming efficiency is achieved, braking devices which are arranged on the drag wheels are used for controlling the forward velocity of the machines and tools and balancing the forward force and braking force of the farming machine, and the purpose of deep farming through the coulter wheels under half skidding condition is achieved.


The cell envelope of gram-negative enteric bacteria is a complex structure that differs from the wall of gram-positive bacteria, both in composition and in supramolecular organization. Morphological and biochemical studies over the past several years 27 have defined three distinct layers (FIGURE 1) : an inner, cytoplasmic membrane, similar to that of gram-positive bacteria; a thin peptidoglycan or murein layer, which corresponds to the cell wall proper of gram-positive cells; and, in addition, a second membranous layer, the so-called outer membrane at the external surface. It is the outer membrane that contains the lipopolysaccharide characteristic of the gram-negative envelope and that appears to confer on these organisms their relatively high levels of resistance to many antibiotics, detergents, and other agents. Furthermore, it seems that this barrier function of the outer membrane is at least in part related to its lipopolysaccharide component. Thus, removal of a portion of the lipopolysaccharide, by the mild ethylenediaminetetraacetate treatment of Leive,'" and certain mutational modifications of lipopolysaccharide structure 3l3 33 result in markedly increased sensitivity to detergents and some antibiotics.


espite the warnings of many commentators, recent events in the investment world did not bring down either traditional or alternative investments. In fact, many alternative investment strategies performed as expected. However, given the concern over the performance of various alternative asset strategies, in the first article, Goldman, Sachs & Co. and Financial Risk Management Ltd. point out the wide variety of strategies included under the title of alternative investments. In particular, they focus on the performance of one alternative investment approach that has come under special scrutiny, the market neutral strategy. Several of the concerns raised by investors in recent months were related both to the management capability of the various investment management firms as well as to the impact of the underlying leverage and market conditions related to the performance of that strategy. In the next article, Harlan and Marjorie Platt analyze these various features on the success and failure of an alternative investment strategy that did not receive much coverage during the fall, that of leveraged buyouts. Again, given concerns about possible problems associated with various alternative investments, it is important to remind ourselves that hedge funds and other investment vehicles provide the basic service of permitting banks, investment firms, and insurance firms to transfer balance sheet and cash flow risk to other investors. For example, as financial markets converge, insurance companies are increasing their efforts to market new forms of instruments that permit investors to invest directly in various forms of insurance risk. In the next article, David Mordecai describes and provides examples of how insurance and reinsurance-linked derivative securities have emerged as a new asset class for investors. While new investment forms continue to enter the marketplace, it is also important to keep abreast of new approaches to understand the pricing and performance of existing investments used in alternative investment strategies. Sanjay Nawalkha, Jun Zhang, and Donald Chambers provide an additional approach to the pricing of floaters and interest rate swaps by focusing on the interest rate sensitivity of such issues. Understanding the pricing and factor sensitivity of derivative-based financial instruments is critical if financial institutions are to be VOLUME 1, NUMBER 4 SPRING 1999


....................................................................................................... Al Introduction.................................................................................................... 1 Acknowledgments........................................................................................ 2 Geographic setting........................................................................................ 2 Geologic setting ............................................................................................ 3 Previous investigations................................................................................ 6 General stratigraphy .................................................................................. 8 Study approach.............................................................................................. 9 Sample localities .......................................................................................... 9 Methods of analysis...................................................................................... 9 Radiocarbon data........................................................................................ 11 Pollen data.................................................................................................... 11 Identification and correlation of terraces............................................ 12 Gross lithology and thickness of the fluvial deposits........................ 15 Mineralogy of the fluvial and upland deposits .................................. 18 "Heavy" sand-sized fraction ............................................................ 18 "Light" sand-sized fraction.............................................................. 19 Page Mineralogy of the fluvial and upland deposits Continued Clay-sized fraction............................................................................A25 Weathering processes and patterns ...................................................... 33 Weathering of the upland deposits................................................ 39 Weathering of the fluvial deposits ................................................ 39 Weathering of the dune deposits.................................................... 40 An estimate of the ages of dunes and Carolina bays ........................ 41 Geomorphic evidence for uplift of the Cape Fear River valley...... 42 Longitudinal profiling...................................................................... 43 Local uplift of the Cape Fear River valley.................................. 46 Cause of the elevated shorelines...................................................... 50 Comparison of the Cape Fear and Pee Dee River valleys .............. 52 Upland drainage patterns and regional tectonics .................... 53 Summary...................................................................................................... 54 References .................................................................................................... 56 Appendix: Drill-site locations.................................................................. 59


The tidal rhythmites in the Proterozoic Big Cottonwood Formation (Utah, United States), the Neoproterozoic Elatina Formation of the Flinders Range (southern Australia), and the Lower Pennsylvanian Pottsville Formation (Alabama, United States) and Mansfield Formation (Indiana, United States) indicate that the rate of retreat of the lunar orbit is dξ/dt ∼ k2 sin(2δ) (where ξ is the Earth-moon radius vector, k2 is the tidal Love number, and δ is the tidal lag angle) and that this rate has been approximately constant since the late Precambrian. When the contribution to tidal friction from the sun is taken into account, these data imply that the length of the terrestrial day 900 million years ago was ∼18 hours.


The present paper constructs a counterexample to show that a conjecture of Newman concerning rational approximation rate of arbitrary Markov system is generally not true. Let C[O,b] be the class of all real continuous functions f on [0, b].1 For f E C[o,b], wt(f, t) = max{lf(x + h) f(x)I: x E [0, b h], O 0, x E (O, b]}, where we assume that P(0)/Q(0) = limx o+ P(x)/Q(x) is finite in the case Q(0) = 0. For a sequence A = {IA, 00, write R(A) = R(span{xAn}). From Miintz's theorem, it is well known that the linear combinations of {xAn } for (1) = A <AI < 2 < .. are dense if and only if EZ= 1 l/n = 00. Concerning the rational case, in 1976, Somorjai [5] showed a beautiful result that, under (1), R(A) is always dense in C[o, l]. In 1978, Bak and Newman [2] proved that, if {in } is any sequence of distinct positive real numbers, then R(A) is dense in C[O, 1], too. Our recent work [6] showed that R(A) is always dense for any sequence of real numbers {in} with infinitely many distinct elements. Received by the editors June 4, 1991 and, in revised form, August 24, 1992. 1991 Mathematics Subject Classification. Primary 4lA20, 4lA30. For b = oo , we assume further that lim., f(x) exists and is finite. (? 1994 American Mathematical Society 0002-9939/94 $1.00 + $.25 per page


Butterfly optimization algorithm (BOA) is an interesting bio-inspired algorithm that uses a nature inspired simulation model, based on the food foraging behavior of butterflies. A common problem with BOA is that in early stages of simulation process, it may converge to sub-optimal solutions due to the loss of diversity in its population. The sensory modality is the critical parameter which is responsible for searching new solutions in the nearby regions. In this work, an adaptive butterfly optimization algorithm is proposed in which a novel phenomenon of changing the sensory modality of BOA is employed during the optimization process in order to achieve better results in comparison to traditional BOA. The proposed Adaptive butterfly optimization algorithm (ABOA) is tested against seventeen standard bench mark functions. Its performance is then compared against existing standard optimization algorithms, namely artificial bee colony, firefly algorithm and standard butterfly optimization algorithm. The results indicate that the proposed adaptive BOA with improved parameter calculation mechanism produces superior results in terms of convergence and achievement of the global optimal solution efficiently.


Abstract A convenient, rapid H2SO4-promoted regioselective monobromination reaction with N-bromosuccinimide was developed. The desired para-monobrominated or ortho-monobrominated products of phenol derivatives were obtained in good to excellent yields with high selectivity. Regioselective chlorination and iodination were also achieved in the presence of H2SO4 using N-chlorosuccinimide and N-iodosuccinimide, respectively. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT


Abstract Aim To test whether the emergence profile (CONVEX or CONCAVE) of implant‐supported crowns influences the mucosal margin stability up to 12 months after insertion of the final restoration. Materials and Methods Forty‐seven patients with a single implant in the anterior region were randomly allocated to one of three groups: (1) CONVEX (n = 15), implant provisional and an implant‐supported crown both with a convex profile; (2) CONCAVE (n = 16), implant provisional and an implant‐supported crown both with a concave profile; (3) CONTROL (n = 16), no provisional (healing abutment only) and an implant‐supported crown. All patients were recalled at baseline, 6, and 12 months. The stability of mucosal margin along with clinical, aesthetic, and profilometric outcomes as well as time and costs were evaluated. To predict the presence of recession, multivariable logistic regressions were performed and linear models using generalized estimation equations were conducted for the different outcomes. Results Forty‐four patients were available at 12 months post‐loading. The frequency of mucosal recession amounted to 64.3% in group CONVEX, 14.3% in group CONCAVE, and 31.4% in group CONTROL. Regression models revealed that a CONVEX profile was significantly associated with the presence of recessions (odds ratio: 12.6, 95% confidence interval: 1.82–88.48, p = .01) compared with the CONCAVE profile. Pink aesthetic scores amounted to 5.9 in group CONVEX, 6.2 in group CONCAVE, and 5.4 in group CONTROL, with no significant differences between the groups (p = .735). Groups CONVEX and CONCAVE increased the appointments and costs compared with the CONTROL group. Conclusions The use of implant‐supported provisionals with a CONCAVE emergence profile results in a greater stability of the mucosal margin compared with a CONVEX profile up to 12 months of loading. This is accompanied, however, by increased time and costs compared with the absence of a provisional and may not necessarily enhance the aesthetic outcomes. Trial registration: German Clinical Trials Register; DRKS00009420.


On June 23, 2000, the Government of India issued GSR No. 560(E) under Rule 157 of the Drugs and Cosmetic Rules, and on March 7, 2003, GSR No. 198(E) revised Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP). These rules were made necessary for all new ASU drug manufacturing facilities on June 23, 2000, and for existing units on June 23, 2002. (2 years grace period was given for existing ASU units to obtain GMP certification). The criteria for production premises and hygienic conditions are outlined in Schedule T. The fundamental goal of implementing Schedule-T was to ensure that producers maintained a consistent level of hygiene. Good manufacturing practises must be followed at all times. For all the manufacturers of ASU drugs. Compliance to Good manufacturing Practices is mandatory for all the manufacturers of ASU drugs.


Recreational hunting has been an attractive enterprise for some ranchers who are interested in supplementing their income from cattle. Ranchland attributes—such as parcel size, tree cover, and proximity to urban centers—are expected to influence hunters' preferences and, thus, hunting lease payments. We estimated the effects of these attributes on hunting revenues using a hedonic model. The results reveal that trees and vegetation cover on ranchlands have a positive impact on hunting revenues, indicating opportunities for silvopasture practices. Those ranchers in Florida who maintain about 22% trees and other vegetation cover receive $16.15 per acre per year from hunting leases, but doubling the cover would generate only an additional $3.20 per acre per year.


Some patients develop irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) after acute diarrhea of bacterial etiology (ADBE). There are isolated works that present data concerning the parameters of total lipids and phospholipids in intestinal infections. The features of changes in lipid and phospholipid spectra in relation to the prognosis of IBS development in ADBE has not yet been evaluated. Objective. To evaluate serum lipid and phospholipid spectrum in patients with ADBE and to determine its significance in the development of IBS. Materials and methods. The study was performed in a group of patients with ADBE aged 18–65 years (n = 50) who received inpatient treatment in 2021–2022 at the Adygea Republican Infectious Diseases Hospital. For laboratory verification of the diagnosis, a bacteriological method and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with a reagent kit "AmpliSens® AII screen-FL" were used. Blood sampling for lipid spectrum estimation was done on day 2–3 of the disease. The levels of triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol, high-density lipoproteins (HDL) and low-density lipoproteins (LDL), apolipoprotein A1 (APO-A1) and apolipoprotein-B (APO-B) were determined by enzymatic colorimetric method. Serum phospholipids were also isolated and fractionated into lysophosphatidylcholine, sphingomyelin, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine by a unified thin-layer chromatography using Sorbfil TLC plates and Sorbfil TLC densitometer. SPSS Statistics 26.0 program was used to process the obtained results. ROC analysis was used to estimate the probability of IBS development. Results. The study of total lipid spectrum in patients in the acute period of the disease revealed hypertriglyceridemia of 2.2 mmol/L (95% CI: 1.9–2.5), which was observed in 62% of patients. An increase in the level of phosphatidylcholine was observed in 90% of patients, lysophosphatidylcholine – in 56%, a decrease in the level of phosphatidylethanolamine – in 72%, and sphingomyelin – in 24%. Subsequently, within a month after convalescence, 16 (32%) patients developed IBS. For the parameters that were altered in most patients with IBS (cholesterol, TG, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine), ROC analysis was performed to assess the risk of developing post-infectious IBS. At a cholesterol level of 3.75 mmol/L and higher (AUC = 0.716 ± 0.086; p = 0.019), blood triglycerides 2.115 mmol/L and higher (AUC = 0.889 ± 0.051; p < 0.001), phosphatidylcholine 63.8% and higher (AUC = 0.827 ± 0.058; p < 0.001), phosphatidylethanolamine 14.3% and lower (AUC = 0.853 ± 0.055; p < 0.001), a high risk of developing IBS was predicted. Conclusion. Based on the increase in the level of cholesterol, triglycerides, phosphatidylcholine above or decrease in the level of phosphatidylethanolamine below the threshold values obtained by ROC analysis, it is possible to predict a high or low risk of IBS development in ADBE patients and to determine indications for timely preventive therapy of this pathology. Key words: cholesterol, triglycerides, lipids, bacterial intestinal infections, irritable bowel syndrome


Abstract A stochastic treatment of vacancy cluster formation in irradiated metals is formulated in terms of a Fokker-Planck equation. The Fokker-Planck coefficients are found to depend on the cluster si2e distribution itself. This non-linear equation is solved by a previously developed numerical path-integral solution. The non-linear dependence provides an important feedback for the evolution of the bias. This evolution both initiates and terminates the nucleation process. The void size distribution follows a bifurcation process in which a peaked distribution of stable voids separates from a distribution of small unstable voids. The stable void number density reaches a final value which depends on temperature and dose rate. These predicted values are in close agreement with measured void number densities.


In this paper, we compare three different machine learning techniques for predicting length of stay (LOS) in Pennsylvania Federal and Specialty hospitals. Using the real-world data on 88 hospitals, we compare the performances of three different machine learning techniques—Classification and Regression Tree (CART), Chi-Square Automatic Interaction Detection (CHAID) and Support Vector Regression (SVR)—and find that there is no significant difference in performances of these three techniques. However, CART provides a decision tree that is easy to understand and interpret. The results from CART indicate that psychiatric care hospitals typically have higher LOS than nonpsychiatric care hospitals. For non-psychiatric care hospitals, the LOS depends on hospital capacity (beds staffed) with larger hospitals with beds staffed over 329 having average LOS of 13 weeks vs. smaller hospitals with average LOS of about 3 weeks.


In this paper, we consider the Randi\'{c} energy $RE$ of simple connected graphs. We provide upper bounds for $RE$ in terms of the number of vertices and the nullity of the graph. We present families of graphs that satisfy the Conjecture proposed by Gutman, Furtula and Bozkurt \cite{Gutman1} about the maximal RE. For example, we show that starlikes of odd order satisfy the conjecture.


The present invention relates to an anti-acne composition, comprising at least one selected from a rubus coreanus extract, a willow extract and a propolis extract, as an active ingredient. The present invention simultaneously exhibits high NO production inhibiting activity and antimicrobial activity, thereby having a high effect of treating acne.


Pulsar glitches-the sudden spin-up in the rotational frequency of a neutron star-suggest the existence of an angular-momentum reservoir confined to the inner crust of the neutron star. Large and regular glitches observed in the Vela pulsar have originally constrained the fraction of the stellar moment of inertia that must reside in the solid crust to about 1.4%. However, crustal entrainment-which until very recently has been ignored-suggests that in order to account for the Vela glitches, the fraction of the moment of inertia residing in the crust must increase to about 7%. This indicates that the required angular momentum reservoir may exceed that which is available in the crust. We explore the possibility that uncertainties in the equation of state provide enough flexibility for the construction of models that predict a large crustal thickness and consequently a large crustal moment of inertia. Given that analytic results suggest that the crustal moment of inertia is sensitive to the transition pressure at the crust-core interface, we tune the parameters of the model to maximize the transition pressure, while still providing an excellent description of nuclear observables. In this manner we are able to obtain fractional moments of inertia as large as 7% for neutron stars with masses below 1.6 solar masses. In particular, we find that if the neutron-skin thickness of 208Pb falls within the (0.20-0.26) fm range, large enough transition pressures can be generated to explain the large Vela glitches without invoking an additional angular-momentum reservoir beyond that confined to the solid crust. Our results suggest that the crust may be enough.


Relevance of the issue under study is due to the necessity of providing students of technical specialities (with low language level) with necessary translation skills. The purpose of the article is to develop a system of exercises for teaching scientific and technical translation for students of non-linguistic specialities in the program of continuing education "Translator in the sphere of professional communication". The article outlines the opportunities how to use them in the teaching process. The leading approaches to the study are analyze and generalization of teaching experience of scientific and technical translation in Russian and foreign non-linguistic institutes of higher education, monitoring the activities of professional translators of scientific and technical texts, formation of methodical system of training when translating scientific and technical texts (from English into Russian). The results showed the absence of ideal teaching aids and special system of exercises that could be applied in preparation of translators in the field of "Information security". The article may be useful for lecturers and for self-education of the general public.


Counseling has always been a part of American Indian culture. Only recently has the European American counseling establishment recognized the role of culture in counseling. Developing a historical understanding of American Indians is important to working with American Indian students. It is also important for school counselors to recognize the tremendous diversity among and within American Indian tribes and the impact of acculturation factors and cultural identity issues. The cultural differences between American Indian and European American students are very real and require an awareness of value differences in areas such as time management, goal orientation, group versus individual accomplishments, family orientation, sharing versus materialism, being versus doing, harmony with nature versus mastery over nature, the importance of tradition, humility versus arrogance, and reverence for elders. The implications of some of these primary values are discussed. School counselors must obtain cross-cultural competencies to be effective. The establishment of trust and rapport, avoidance of direct questioning, appropriate counseling styles, involvement with the community or tribe, confidentiality, and dealing with the environmental factors of racism and prejudice are essential elements of a counselor's knowledge base. Contains references in endnotes and a bibliography. (Author/TD) ******************************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. ******************************************************************************** trinwit$441 [1 1 1 4N1N II vi H U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Office of Educational Research and Improvement EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) 124his document has been reproduced as received from the person or organization originating it. 0 Minor changes have been made to improve reproduction quality. Points of view or opinions stated in this document do not necessarily represent official OERI position or policy.


This paper presents a method that uses an autoregressive filter for deblurring noisy blurred images blindly. The approach has several important advantages over using a finite impulse response filter. The optimum support of the adaptive autoregressive filter is the same as the support of the blur, and so the truncation error introduced by the finite support of the adaptive finite impulse response filter can be made arbitrarily small. Furthermore, the method can also be used for blur identification. In addition, the resulting improvement in signal-to-noise ratios are higher and convergence of the adaptive filter coefficients is faster for a given blur. First, an autoregressive method is naively derived via a gradient method to minimize the dispersion. This leads to a recursion within a recursion which is computationally complex. Next, a simplification of the method is proposed. Finally, simulations demonstrate the performance of the simplified method.


The rapid development of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines is one of the few bright spots of 2020. The lipid nanoparticle-formulated, nucleoside-modified mRNA


The purpose of this paper is the investigate the effect of  the abolition of the Swedish restriction system against alcohol abuse on a national and local level. It has been of intreset to examine h ...


This paper introduces the technique of JSP and JDBCODBC. And Implementing Access to Web database with Java Bean and JDBC-ODBC. It gives an example that leaving words on Web through browser with the SQL Server 2000. This design process and way to implement access to Web database can be applied to other database. 


The aims of this research were: 1) to deduce a statistical model to determine the PZC and the Ѱ0 of soil-compost mixtures; 2) to know the relationship of these parameters on blackberry dry matter production and 3) to know the influence of the sugar cane rum compost addition, on the blackberry dry matter production. It was worked with 8 treatments: 100, 50, 25, 12.5, 6.25, 3.125, 1.562 and 0.0% respectively of soil-compost mixtures. The pH at soil, soil-SCRC mixtures and pure SCRC was determined in an aqueous suspension in 1:5 and 1:15 ratios respectively. PZC and Ѱ0 to the soil and the mixtures were determined. The addition of SCRC increased the soil pH from 6.05 to 7.5. The mixtures PZC were increased with the SCRC additions from 4.0 to 7.0. The soil Ѱ0 was increased from 0.4348 to 80.0 mV. The SCRC addition increased the blackberry dry matter production, which showed a close relationship with the PZC and Ѱ0behavior respectively. The deduced statistical model: Ѱ0 = D(pH – PZC) from data herein, was functional for


Law on the wildlife protection which is inclined to public law is hard to adapt to the new circumstances.The necessity and feasibility of adjustment about the law of real rights on wildlife resources is stated by looking into the law in foreign countries.And it is suggested that the future civil code general principles should make the general regulation about wildlife.


In this paper we develop a method for estimating static model parameters required for marker-based visual tracking of crane loads. The static model parameters describe both the location of markers, which are used for visual tracking, and the mass center position of the crane load, which is used in the dynamical model for predicting the motion of the crane load. The proposed method is based on a particle smoothing algorithm for estimating the state variables of the crane load and an expectation-maximization algorithm for estimating the static model parameters. A benefit of the proposed method is that the static parameters can be estimated independently, which reduces the computational burden compared to estimating them together. The proposed method is verified in a simulation and in a laboratory experiment.


Real time anomaly detection is the need of the hour for any security applications. In this paper, we have proposed a real-time anomaly detection algorithm by utilizing cues from the motion vectors in H.264/AVC compressed domain. The discussed work is principally motivated by the observation that motion vectors (MVs) exhibit different characteristics during anomaly. We have observed that H.264 motion vector magnitude contains relevant information which can be used to model the usual behavior (UB) effectively. This is subsequently extended to detect abnormality/anomaly based on the probability of occurrence of a behavior. Additionally, we have suggested a hierarchical approach through Motion Pyramid for High Resolution videos to further increase the detection rate. The proposed algorithm has performed extremely well on UMN and Peds Anomaly Detection Video datasets, with a detection speed of >150 and 65-75 frames per sec in respective datasets resulting in more than 200× speedup along with comparable accuracy to pixel domain state-of-the-art algorithms.


Risk of arcing on external surfaces of satellites parked in geo-synchronous earth orbit due to the charged particles present in that environment should be minimized. Arcing on satellites' solar panel is a crucial parameter for its proper functioning and life cycle. Considering the severe damaged caused by the arcs on the solar panel, a facility for simulating GEO environment and studying arc on its surface is developed in laboratory. Electron bombardment which results in secondary electron emission is responsible for differential charging of various materials on the solar panel's surface. In laboratory a flood beam electron gun is used to produce electron shower of energy upto few KeV while the power generated by the solar panel coupon is simulated by an external power supply. All the satellite components are simulated according to the standards described in ISO 11221. The aim of the experiment is to find the threshold voltage. Threshold voltage is the voltage sustained by the solar panel coupon just before arc. An automatic arc detection and analysis system is developed for measuring arc current, arc voltage and arc image. A capacitive non-contact Trek probe carried by a two axis stage controller is used to measure surface potential on the solar panel coupon's surface. It is observed through the experiments that the surface potential of the solar panel coupon increases continuously before the arc occurs. During the arc, complete coupon is discharged and surface potential fall to the bias voltage. As the occurrence of arc is unpredictable, coupon is scanned at regular intervals to measure surface potential. On the occurrence of arc, most recent scan helps to identify maximum surface potential. In one of the experiments, arc occurred while scanning the solar panel coupon and maximum potential was measured. Thus exact surface potential was obtained for the arc.


Black movement, white stubbornness Two steps forward, one step back? The women's movement "Out and proudly out" - the lesbian and gay movements The politics of survival - the peace and green movements.


Summary:
 Species of Agave L., the New World genus of rosulate leaf succulents, generally take many years to flower. Consequently, new species were historically often described from sterile material, resulting in a situation where fundamental phenological information on many species is often lacking. Although less prevalent today, this situation continues sporadically and for Agave felgeri Gentry, which was described just over 40 years ago, information such as basic flower morphology and flower colour is lacking. Here we rectify this situation by providing an amplified description and illustrations of the species.


A close-range photogrammetry colorful three-dimensional scanning laser radar comprises colorful laser light sources, a transmission optical system, a scanning system, a receiving optical system, a laser spectrum detection and distance-measuring circuit, a data collection and time sequence controller and a computer data processing unit. The colorful laser light sources comprise a red light pulse laser light source, a green or yellow light pulse laser light source, a blue light pulse laser light source and an infrared pulse laser light source, lasers emitted by the colorful laser light sources are synthesized into a laser beam through the transmission optical system, and are incident to the scanning system, colorful laser three-dimensional linear scanning is performed on a target ground object through the scanning system, echo signals formed by scanning are captured by the optical receiving system, intensity of pulse lasers obtained by detection of the laser spectrum detection and distance-measuring circuit and distance information of the target ground object are transmitted to a data collecting and time sequence controller for multi-channel data collection and time sequence calculation, and the result is output to the computer data processing unit.


This paper presents an active damping control strategy especially designed to mitigate the effects of the resonances of low damped power electronic based DC distribution systems. In those systems, some controlled converters are connected to a common DC bus usually exhibiting negative impedance due to its operation as constant power loads. The active damping control strategy is supported by a model based design approach, which defines the dynamic behavior of the entire system. It is implemented in a complete simulation model which considers the nonlinearities of the electronic power converters such as the delays or discretization, among others. The proposed control strategy improves the power quality in both, the transient and the steady state without compromising the voltage and current controllers' bandwidths. The performance of the proposed active damping control strategy is validated through several simulation results.


The interactions of the compound ethylenediamine-N,N-di(6-amino penicillanic acid)-diacetic acid(L_1) with 10 metal ions were studied by flurescence spectroscopy.The results showed that the flurescence intensity of compound L_1 was not affected significantly by Co~(2+),Mg~(2+), Ca~(2+) and Mn~(2+);The flurescence intensity of compound L_1 was quenched weakly by K~+,Fe~(3+),Gd~(3+), Ni~(2+) and Zn~(2+);But the flurescence intensity of compound L_1 was quenched significantly by Cu~(2+). When the concentration of Cu~(2+) is 200 times of compound L_1,the quenching rate is 68.73%.And Stern-Volmer quenching constant K_(sv) is 106400L·mol~(-1).


Land certificate was underhanded written evidence which was not as powerful as the authentic deed, but since the land certificate could be categorized as the legal basis or judicial data to the land and could be used as the accessory for requesting land rights as stipulated in the legal provisions, the land certificate could become an important document in the process of issuing land rights certificate. The unlawful act in land ownership as it is used as the legal basis in the process of registering the land for the first time before the certificate is held by the last owner will cause all evidence of ownership, since the first time the unlawful act was conducted, to be legally abrogated, including the registration of the transfer of the land rights even though it is legally done. If the abrogation and the expropriation of ownership certificate cause the loss of the purchaser who has good intention, this purchaser can file a complaint to nearby District Court to claim a compensation for the execution by the verdict of the State Administrative Court. Keywords: Legal Protection, Legal Basis, Certificate of Subdistrict Head


This study was made to find out how health practice affect on nutrition status of the college freshmen in male and female. 400 freshmen students in 4year colleges were surveyed. Questionnaire and blood analysis were made. The contents of questionnaire contained general characteristics, health practice behavior, and food intake. The physical measurement included height, weight and blood pressure. The questions for health practice were about drinking, smoking, BMI, skipping breakfast and sleeping. Nutrient intake was expressed by DDS(Dietary Diversity Score by 5 food groups) and DVS (Dietary Variety Score) and 24-hrs recall method was used to find out the quantity of daily food intake. EAR% was calculated and NAR and MAR were produced. The results are as follows: 1) BMI was 22.77㎏/㎡ for males and 20.42㎏/㎡ for females. The ratio maintaining normal weight indicated by BMI of 18.5-23 was higher(p<0.001) for female students(63.2%) than males(56.5%). The ratio of overweight with over 23㎏/㎡ of BMI was 28.5% for males and 8.8% for females(p<0.001). 2)The ratio of drinking students was 59.4% for males and 40.6% for female(p<0.001). And the ratio of smoking students was 95.2% for males and 4.8% for females(p<0.001). 3) The ratio of poor health practice group was 35.7% for males and 25.5% for females, and that of excellent one was 25.4% for males and 33.1% for females(p<0.05). 4) In NAR, the lowest ratio was observed for the intake of Ca, Fe, Vitamin C and Vitamin B₂. The intake of Fe, Vitamin B₂, and phosphorus were different significantly according to sexuality. For Fe, female students showed lower level than male students(p<0.001). For Vitamin B₂, and phosphorus female students showed higher level(p<0.001). 5) In MAR, there was no difference according to sexuality in almost all of the ingredients. 6) For energy intake, male and female students showed 59% and 66% of EAR and it was insufficient for them. 7) For protein, more than 100% was obtained. The lowest ratio was observed for the intake of vitamin C 50.8%, Ca 53.6% and Fe 65.1% of EAR were obtained. The lowest intake ratio and for the intake of Fe female students obtained just 37.5% of EAR showing high risk of anemia. The intake of energy(p<0.001), phosphorus(p<0.01), niacin(p<0.05), Fe(p<0.001), and Vitamin B2 (p<0.001) were different significantly according to sexuality. For Fe, female students showed lower level than male students(p<0.001). For energy, phosphorus, niacin, and Vitamin B2 female students showed higher level(p<0.001) than male students. 8) For blood pressure, male students showed normal level of 120.7/79.1 mmHg, however, female students showed 114.5/75.4 mmHg lower than male (p<0.001). 9). In blood, for hemoglobin female students showed significantly lower level than that of male(p<0.001). T-Cholesterol and HDL-Cholesterol female students showed higher level than males (p<0.001). And for triglyceride male students showed higher level than females(p<0.001). Ca and Fe female students showed lower level (p<0.001).


In the recent literature, bounds on the CKM angle arising from combined branching ratios for Bd! K and B! K decays received a lot of attention. If the ratio R of these branching ratios is found experimentally to be smaller than 1 { present CLEO results give R =0 :65 0:40 { these bounds are free of hadronic uncertainties at the level of 1%. It has recently been argued that rescattering eects, such as B + !f 0 K + g! + K 0 , could spoil this approach. We point out that this is actually not the case, since these processes are related to penguin topologies with internal up quark exchanges. Analogously, rescattering processes of the kind B + !f D 0 D + g! + K 0 are related to penguin topologies with internal charm quark exchanges. Moreover we propose strategies to obtain insights into the dynamics of penguin processes with the help of the decays Bu;d! KK and B! K, derive a relation among direct CP-violating asymmetries arising in these modes, and have a brief look at new physics.


Objectives 1) To determine the prevalence of spine and upper limb osteoarthritis (OA) and pain in retired Olympians; 2) identify risk factors associated with their occurrence; and 3) compare with a sample of the general population. Methods 3357 retired Olympians (44.7 yrs) and 1735 general population controls (40.5 yrs) completed a cross-sectional survey. The survey captured demographics, general health, self-reported physician-diagnosed OA, current joint/region pain and significant injury (lasting >1 month). Adjusted odds ratios (aOR) compared retired Olympians and the general population.


Abstract : At the Industrial College of the Armed Forces, students spend time pondering the psychology, ideology, and rationalization of terrorist groups. Commander Aboul-Enein has been a welcome addition to the faculty, bringing a nuanced understanding on the narratives of Militant Islamists, Islamist political groups, and disaggregating those two from Islam. He has also introduced students to the nuances and differences inherent in 1.57 billion adherents of Islam. This essay reflects the level of discussion and debate Commander Aboul-Enein brings to the classroom, arming our future military leaders and diplomats with a more comprehensive understanding of the region, the religion, and the culture. Students begin to appreciate that when a group calls for the establishment of an Islamic state or social order, the next question is whose interpretation of Islam will be imposed upon other Muslims? I look forward to the debate and discussion that this thought piece will generate.


This best-selling programmed text makes learning medical terminology quick and easy. In addition to the text, software and audiotapes provide additional methods of study. Based on a word-building programmed learning system, this comprehensive guide uses color didactically, includes extensive review activities to engage the student, and includes special frames containing interesting and helpful information. This text, in its eighth edition, offers a proven format thatis easy and fun to use. Supplements Text & Audiotapes (2) Value Package 0-7668-0117-9 Instructor's Manual 0-7668-0065-2 Audiotapes (2) with duplication rights 0-7668-0064-4 Computerized Testbank (C) (3.5" Windows) 0-7668-0066-0


This note shows that a wide class of algebraically motivated constructions for Lagrange interpolation polynomials always yields a tensor product interpolation space as long as the nodes form a tensor product grid or a lower subset thereof.


Probate inventories of French immigrants in Early Modern London, edited by Greig Parker, Farnham & Burlington, VT, Ashgate, 2014, xiii + 334 pp., £80.00 (hardback), ISBN 978-1-4724-2085-5Probate Inventories of French Immigrants in Early Modern London is an edited collection of 92 French Huguenot probate inventories. The sample of inventories was taken from 22 parishes in London (and one missing parish) and ranges from 1661 to 1748. Parker begins his collection with a 31-page Introduction to familiarise the reader with the historical background of the French Protestant migration and the communities they established in London. Additionally, the Introduction provides an overview of previous studies on English probate records, offers a short comparison between English and French domestic space, and includes a brief overview of probate records and their uses and shortfalls in historical studies.Following the Introduction are the 92 transcribed probate inventories. The records are all found within the London Metropolitan Archive (LMA) among The Peculiar Court of the Dean and Chapter of St Paul's, The Commissary Court of London and the Archdeaconry Court of Middlesex collections. In choosing the records, Parker relied on the "Frenchness" of the deceased's surname; a methodological choice Parker admits can cause difficulties, particularly if the inventories are used to understand generational differences in immigrant's identity in London. How can we know if the deceased is a first, second or third generation immigrant if the sample is based on their name? Parker does highlight some of the distinctive cultural features that can be identified among the French inventories, such as the presence of French language books, and these features can be used to determine generational differences among immigrants (18-31). However, ultimately further research is needed into each sample.The inventories are listed by date beginning with Thomas Grafforte in 1661. Each entry contains the deceased's name (with possible alternative spellings), the LMA reference number of the inventory, the inventory date and the individual's occupation (if known). No detailed biographical research was conducted on the 92 individuals, nor were the individuals in the inventories cross-referenced with birth and burial registers. However, Parker does provide a brief sketch within the notes from information found among the registers of the French churches, the publications of the Huguenot Society, the tax records, the Hearth Tax records and the Marriage Duty Assessment. …


Cytlak Izabela, Iluzje inkluzji? Uczniowie ze specjalnymi potrzebami edukacyjnymi w placowkach oświatowych (Illusion of inclusion? Pupils with special educational needs in educa- tional institutions). Studia Edukacyjne nr 27, 2013, Poznan 2013, pp. 173-184. Adam Mickiewicz University Press. ISBN 978-83-232-2691-8. ISSN 1233-6688 This article addresses a signifi cant problem of the inclusion of the pupils with special educatio- nal needs in mainstream institutions. Although many years have elapsed since the 1970s, when many countries fi rst began to speak about the idea of integration and inclusion of people with disabilities and those with special needs into social life, there are still problematic situations hindering or even preventing the implementation of the idea of inclusive education (the social aspect is one of the most diffi cult to implement). As researchers note (e.g. Pijl, Meijer, Brze- zinska, and Ainscow), there are still many issues that require assistance here. The following refl ection is an attempt to determine the specifi c aspects of the pupil with special educational needs, the teacher, the parent and fi nally the wider educational institution concerning the most problematic issues of inclusive education. The text also indicates the basic guidelines for coping in diffi cult situations.


In this paper we propose a new approach for analyzing the coupling between lightning strike and 3D metallic structure in unsettled regime. Our formalism is based on the resolution of the propagation equation in potential on 3D with second member. The excitation source is the electromagnetic field emitted by the lightning stroke represented the second member. The purpose of our study is the direct analysis in time domain and the simple implementation. Our results are compared to those realized by NEC-4 software.


Optimal surgical status is currently defined as residual disease <1 cm. The goal of surgery for ovarian cancer is total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy and infracolic omentectomy and maximal surgical effort at cytoreduction. In advanced cases this may include appendectomy, resection of small and large bowel, spleen, liver, diaphragm, etc. However, the morbidity increases considerably with extensive surgery. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy has proved to be a boon for the surgeon as it enables shrinkage of the tumour and allows this goal to be achieved in a higher number of cases with less intra and postoperative morbidity.


Abstract An unprecedented and precise time-scheduled rollout for the vaccine is needed for an effective vaccination process. This study is based on the development of a novel mathematical model considering a delay in vaccination due to the inability to book a slot in one go for a system. Two models are proposed which involve a delay differential equation mathematical model whose dynamical analysis is done to show how the delay in vaccination can destabilize the system. Further, this delay led to the formulation of a queuing model that accounts for the need to retry for the vaccination at a certain rate as delay in vaccination can have negative repercussions. The transition rates from one stage to another follow an exponential distribution. The transient state probabilities of the model are acquired by applying the Runge-Kutta method and hence performance indices are also obtained. These performance measures include the expected number of people in various states. Finally, numerical analysis is also provided to validate both models. Our results would specifically focus on what happens if the delay time increases or if the retrial rate increases (delay time decreases). The results reveal that a delay in being vaccinated by the first dose (i.e., 80 days) leads to an unstable system whereas there exists a delay simultaneously in getting vaccinated by both doses that destabilize the system early (i.e., 80 and 120 days for dose one and two, respectively). The system destabilizes faster in the presence of a delay for slot booking for both doses as compared to one dose delay. Further, the numerical results of queuing models show that if the retrial rate increases in this delay time to book the slots, it not only increases in the vaccinated class but also increases the recovered population.


The present invention discloses a high gateu while the effective oxide thickness of less than 40A and reliable method to form a gate oxide film of a laminated structure having the characteristics of low leakage current. A gate oxide film forming process according to the disclosed invention, depositing a forming oxynitride film having a uniform thickness by performing a heat treatment using NO gas on a silicon substrate, a tantalum oxide (Ta


This article aims to analyze the impact generated by contracting a cargo insurance policy in international maritime transport through the different research articles published during the years 2016 to 2021 in Latin America and Europe. Likewise, this article was developed through a systematic review of scientific articles found in various databases such as Redalyc, Scielo, Alicia, Academic Google and La Referencia, giving as results different approaches and authors' appreciations regarding the impact generated by hiring a Insurance policy in international trade and maritime transport, which are: it prevents risks that may occur with cargo, avoids economic effects, gives peace of mind to the exporter and importer and has current coverage throughout the world. Likewise, the authors mention three negative impacts that they consider relevant when contracting insurance: "Delay in recovery times for insurance funds", "Not all products can be insured" and "Deductibles are usually very high.


By using a low temperature hydrothermal approach,well-aligned ZnO nanorod arrays were prepared on substrates,which were pre-treated with colloid pre-treating method in different growth periods of time.Scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction spectroscopy were employed to study the morphology of ZnO nanorod arrays.Kinetic studies show that the first 8 h is the most important growth period,beyond which the nanorods nearly stop growing.During the first 8 h,the growth of width of ZnO nanorods contains two distinct steps:a fast step within the first 1.5 h,in which the nanorods tend to be short and wide,followed by a slow step,in which long rods with high aspect ratio are obtained.The length of ZnO nanorod arrays,which essentially represents the thickness of a homogeneous monolayer of the thin film,may be experimentally tailored to any required dimension of up to 2.4 μm at a growth rate of approximately 5.5 nm·min-1.


This paper deals with the fractional order for the spread of Leptospirosis. The non-local property of Leptospirosis epidemic model presented by fractional order differential equation makes the model to be more realistic compare to the analogues integer order, which lacks this property. The stability of disease free and positive fixed points is studied. We show that the model introduced in this paper has non negative solutions. AdamsBashforthMoulton algorithm have been used to solve and simulate the system of differential equations. Mathematics Subject Classification: 92B05, 93A30, 93C15


In this work, some properties of r-small submodules are investigated. It is proved that the finite sum of r-small submodules is r-small. It is also proved that every homomorphic image of an r-small submodule is r-small.


The SPECIFII® Behaviour Design Sprint is an iterative and engaging design process which enables practitioners, developers and others to reach conceptual design solutions in 5 days, through a distinct focus on not only usability and user experience but also on behaviour design. The structured 5-days design process involves end-users and discussion regarding potential ethical issues to help avoid these. To spice up the process and to ensure that participants establish a mutual understanding of behaviour design principles, the sprint is centred around a game, making it fun and engaging to address even the more tricky challenges. This workshop allows the participants to try the SPECIFII® behaviour design game.


The birth of a media market in Russia affords a unique opportunity to study the collision of international and national norms and practices. The refraction of globalization—involving, in this case, copyright protection and the program market—through local values and the rather different outcomes of sanctions and market inducements emerge as critical issues. The players in this drama are major and independent U.S. movie studios and trade organizations; U.S. governmental agencies involved in trade and assistance; and Russian movie studios, television stations, legislators, police, and, curiously, dissidents whose early advocacy of piracy helped build a more pluralized media system. Without an adequate framework of domestic laws and enforcement institutions, Russian broadcast television stations nonetheless dramatically curtailed their practice of pirating U.S. films—a result of complex alliances and incentives.


Ubiquitination is a post-translational modification that regulates cellular process such as proteasomal degradation, DNA repair, and signal transduction pathway. Ubiquitination of substrate protein occur by transfer of ubiquitin via E1, E2 and E3. The c-Cbl belongs to a family of RING-type ubiquitin ligase E3. Physiological role of c-Cbl is to add ubiquitin to EGFR tyrosine kinase, and the kinase containing ubiquitin chain is finally degraded by 26S proteasome. Thus, through ubiquitin system, the activity of EGFR tyrosine kinase is negatively regulated in the cell. It is also known that large conformational change of c-Cbl is induced by phosphorylation, and it significantly enhance the ubiquitination activity of c-Cbl (c-Cbl active form). The relative positioning of the linker region (LHR) and the RING domain in the tyrosine kinase binding domain (TKB domain) of phosphorylated c-Cbl is much different from that of non-phosphorylated c-Cbl [1]. To understand the dynamics of structural change during phosphorylation and following ubiquitination of substrate protein in real time, we first prepared the cCbl mutatnt (Y368E/Y371E), which mimics the phosphorylated c-Cbl [2], and compared its structural feature to wild type c-Cbl by using High-speed atomic force microscopy (HS-AFM). HS-AFM recently emerged enables direct imaging of single proteins in a physiological solution at a rate of 5-20 frames per second [3, 4].


A 4½-year-old girl experienced internal resorption in the deciduous maxillary left incisor. A large portion of the tooth enamel was missing, although the shape of the tooth was maintained by vital pulp tissue. No treatment was given, since the tooth was asymptomatic, and there was no pathologic evidence in the radiograph.


We focus on the fire scheduling problem (FSP), the problem of determining the sequence of targets to be fired at, for the objective of minimizing makespan to achieve tactical goals. In this paper, we assume that there are m available weapons to fire at n targets (> m) and the weapons are already allocated to targets. One weapon or multiple weapons can fire at one target and these fire operations should start simultaneously while the finish time of them may be different. We develop several dominance properties and a lower bound for the problem, and suggest a branch and bound algorithm implementing them. Also, In addition, heuristic algorithms that can be used for obtaining an initial upper bound in the B&B algorithm and for obtaining good solutions in a short time were developed. Computational experiments are performed on randomly generated test problems and results show that the suggested algorithm solves problems of a medium size in a reasonable amount of computation time. The proposed lower bound, the dominance properties, and the heuristics for upper bound are tested in B&B respectively, and the result showed that lower bound is effective to fathoming nodes and the dominance properties and heuristics also worked well. Also, it is showed that the CPU time required by this algorithm increases rapidly as the problem size increases. Therefore, the suggested B&B algorithm would be limited to solve large size problems. However, the employed heuristic algorithms can be effectively used in the B&B algorithm and can give good solutions for large problems within a few seconds.


Mitochondria exert essential functions both before and after oocyte fertilization takes place. Currently, it remains unclear whether mitochondrial genome (mtDNA) replication takes place during the preimplantational development of mammalian embryos. Previous studies show that mtDNA copy number remains relatively stable from oocytes until implantation. Nevertheless, it is possible that this is the result of the destruction and replication of mtDNA taking place simultaneously. Polγ is the only enzyme responsible for DNA polymerization during mitochondrial DNA replication. This enzyme, encoded by the gene Polg, allocated on chromosomic DNA, has three different isoforms generated by alternative splicing. In this study, we have analyzed the differences in mtDNA content at the blastocyst stage between control embryos and embryos where two or three of Polg isoforms have been ablated at the zygote stage in order to determine whether mtDNA replication occurs during this developmental period. Gene ablation was achieved by means of CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology. A first experiment targeted a genomic locus that generated KO embryos for isoforms 1 and 3, whereas a second experiment targeted another locus that generated KO embryos for all isoforms of Polg. Gene ablation was achieved by microinjection of CRISPR components (Cas9 mRNA and sgRNA) at the zygote stage and control embryos were microinjected with Cas9 mRNA alone. Microinjected embryos were allowed to develop to the blastocyst stage in vitro, subsequently genotyped to identify KO embryos and subjected to mtDNA analysis by quantitative PCR (qPCR). mtDNA relative copy number was significantly lower in embryos lacking isoforms 1 and 3 compared to control, wild type (WT) embryos (1±0.141 vs. 1.87±0.239, for KO vs. WT embryos, respectively, ANOVA p<0,05). Similar results were obtained when mtDNA copy number was compared between embryos lacking all isoforms of Polg and WT embryos (1±0.139 vs. 2.60±0.259, for KO vs. WT embryos, respectively, ANOVA p<0,05). These results uncover that mtDNA replication takes place during preimplantation development being mediated by Polγ.


The climate change characteristics of the Poyanghu Lake Basin in the last 1000 years were analyzed according to the observed and historical data.The results show that the serious climate droughts in the Poyanghu Lake Basin belong to normal lower state in this century according to large cycle.However,the serious climate droughts belong to normal higher state in the first 20 years of this century according to small cycle.Drought is still a problem to be faced at in the next decade.Analysis of the hydrological drought change characteristics of Poyanghu Lake Basin in the last 55 years based on the water level data from Duchang Station show that hydrological drought variety is more exquisite than climatic variety,and the mono-direction change trend is more remarkable.


A new method to start a wire_wound asynchronous motor_non_contact starting is introduced.The main feature is using silicon controlled rectifiers in place of contactors with no relay in control circuitry.


Spin-Torque Transfer RAM (STTRAM) is a promising candidate for last level cache due to its high density, high endurance and low leakage. Although promising, STTRAM suffers from high write latency and write current. Additionally, the latency and current depends on the polarity of the data being written. These factors introduce security vulnerabilities and expose the cache memory to side channel attacks (SCA). In this paper we propose a SCA model where the adversary can monitor the supply current of the memory array to partially identify the sensitive cache data that is being read or written. We propose a suite of low-cost solutions such as short retention STTRAM, obfuscation of side channel using 1-bit parity and multi-bit random write, and, neutralizing the side channel using constant current write driver to mitigate the attack. Our analysis reveal that the 1-bit parity reduces the number of distinct write current states by 30% for 32-bit word and the current signature is further obfuscated by multi-bit random writes. Constant current write makes it more challenging for the attacker to extract the entire word using a single supply current signature.


The general objective of the research was to design and prototype an IP telephone exchange with an Asterisk server to improve communication between members of the university community, to achieve communication through direct calls between students at the Universidad Hermilio Valdizan de Huanuco. In the review of literature, this type of technology has been applied in a wide range of organizations with good results. To respond to this objective, a wireless local area network (WLAN) was designed, which provided mobility to the test students, with a CPU acting as a server, where a Centos operating system was mounted and Asterisk was installed; the Zoiper application was configured on the smartphones. Within the IP telephony, the network equipment was configured where the capacity of our server supported 62 simultaneous calls but in the part of packet latency only allows 20 simultaneous calls, the bandwidth does not become significant since it supports in its entirety the simultaneous calls but taking into account that the WI-FI router supports only 64 simultaneous connections and in the aspect of phase fluctuation supports 41 simultaneous calls; in conclusion the proposed prototype supports 20 simultaneous calls approximately within the quality and security standards expected.


【Objective 】 Chemical components and sensory quality of fermented tobacco upper leaves were investigated using Arthrobacter nicotianae GYC103 to provide references for improving the quality of tobacco leaves.【Method 】Shaoyang B2 F flue-cured tobacco leaves were fermented with Arthrobacter nicotianae GYC103, and change rules of chemical components and effects of fermentation on sensory quality of tobacco upper leaves were analyzed.【Result 】Compared with the control, nicotine,starch and protein content in the fermented tobacco leaves were reduced by 4.32%, 32.50% and 8.20%, respectively, while total sugar and reducing sugar were increased by 13.51 % and10.02%. Volatile alkali and volatile acid contents had no significant changes. Aroma quality, softness, permeability,sweetness and aftertaste were promoted. Offensive odor and irritancy of tobacco leaves were apparently reduced. Quality and industrial utility of tobacco leaves were significantly improved. 【Conclusion 】The quality of tobacco upper leaves were evidently improved after 12 hours of fermentation using Arthrobacter nicotianae GYC103.


Uterine rupture is a potentially catastrophic event during childbirth by which the integrity of the myometrial wall is breached (1) . It can occur in an unscarred uterus or a uterus with a surgical scar. The incidence of uterine rupture in patients with history of a single caesarean section ranges from 0.2% to 1.5% which increases to 3.9% with two or more previous caesareans (2). Here is a case of a 38 year old Mrs. X G2A1 at 28 weeks of gestation with history of dilatation and curettage in the past. Now admitted for correction of anaemia and later diagnosed to have posterior wall uterine rupture. The incidence of uterine rupture has been increasing due to increasing rate of caesarean sections. WHO data indicated that 75% of uterine ruptures still occurred in unscarred uteri with maternal mortality rate of 1-13% and perinatal mortality rate between 74% and 92% (4) .


Allergic rhinitis is a common health problem. Although nota life-threatening condition in most cases, it has a substantial impact on public health and the economy. Because the nose is the most common port of entry for allergens, in patients with allergies, signs and symptoms of allergic rhinitis, not surprisingly, are the most common complaints. After initial exposure to an antigen, antigen-processing cells (macrophages) present the processed peptides to T helper cells. Upon subsequent exposure to the seme antigen, these cells are stimulated to differentiate. The B cells may further differentiate into plasma cells and produce immunoglobulin E (lgE) specific to that antigen. Allergen-specific lgE molecules then bind to the surface of mest cells and sensitize them.Further exposures result in the release of preformed mediators from mest celi granules. These mediators (ie, histamine, leukotrienes, kinins) cause early-phase symptoms such as sneezing, rhinorrhea, and congestion. The 3 basic approaches for the treatment of allergies are (1) avoidance, (2) pharmacotherapy, and (3) immunotherapy. Treatment should start with avoidance of allergens and environmental controls. in almost all cases, however, pharmacotherapy is needed because the patient is either unwilling or unable to avoid allergens and to control the occasiona 1 exacerbations of symptoms. For patients with a seve re al lergy that is not responsive to environmental controls and pharmacotherapy or for those who do not wish to use medication fora lifetime, immunotherapy may be offered.


Anemia in the newborn is usually of the hemolytic type and is the result of destruction of fetal blood cells by incompatible maternal antibodies. Occasionally, a neonate presents with anemia on the basis of a ruptured abdominal visceral organ. There is a small group of infants with posthemorrhagic anemia caused by overt external bleeding at or during the time of delivery after obstetric complications such as tearing of umbilical vessels, placenta praevia, or abruptio placentae. There remains, however, an occasional infant with profound anemia where no immunologic incompatibility exists, where no abnormal obstetrical bleeding occurs, and where the placenta at delivery is grossly normal. Wiener has explained the last situation by a mechanism of occult hemorrhage of the fetal blood into the maternal circulation by a transplacental route. Furthermore, he postulated that ruptured placental blood vessels in the fetal surfaces permitted entrance of the infant's blood into the maternal blood stream. Since his observation, other authors • 5 • • have described this mechanism as playing the causal role in the pathogenesis of transplacental hemorrhage. Chown, in his reported cases, confirmed Wiener's hypothesis by demonstrating the presence of fetal cells in the mother's blood. It is our purpose in this paper to describe a case of proved intrauterine transplacental hemorrhage which produced severe anemia in a newborn infant.


To deal with the adjustment difficulties caused by the access of photovoltaic (PV) in distribution network, this paper introduces a reactive power optimization system of distribution network based on edge calculation. The proposed system includes two parts. Firstly, the distribution PV edge nodes based on edge calculation are carefully designed. Secondly, based on the edge nodes, the PV station, the grid reactive power optimization, the Automatic Voltage Control (AVC) centre, and the distribution photovoltaic power reactive voltage are controlled co-ordinately. The simulation results prove that the proposed system can effectively improve the voltage quality and the voltage regulation ability of distribution network.


A program which operates in a control OS controlling a virtual OS and disconnects a physical I/O from the aforementioned control OS, and which, in a computer that stores virtual I/O information associating the aforementioned physical I/O and a virtual I/O and stores virtual OS information associating the aforementioned virtual I/O and the aforementioned virtual OS, executes: a process whereby an instruction to disconnect the aforementioned physical I/O is received; a process whereby the aforementioned virtual I/O information and the aforementioned virtual OS information are referenced, and the virtual I/O corresponding to the aforementioned physical I/O and the virtual OS using the aforementioned virtual I/O are identified; a process whereby an instruction to disconnect the virtual I/O that has been identified is transmitted to the virtual OS that has been identified; a process whereby a notification of the aforementioned disconnection is received from the aforementioned OS that has been indentified; and a process whereby, after the aforementioned disconnection notification has been received, the aforementioned physical I/O is disconnected from the aforementioned control OS.


Background: The human skeletal system is composed of all the bones, joints, cartilage, ligaments, and tendons. The lesions of this system were thought to be uncommon in our environment and like lesions in any other part of the body are better managed when early presentations and correct diagnosis are made. The paucity of research on these lesions has prompted the need to study the topic. Aims: We aimed to study the bone and joint lesions, with a view to determining the most common types, the most involved sites of the body, the sex, and the age of presentations. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective study carried out at the Histopathology Department of Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi, Nigeria, from 2011 to 2019. Results: Eighty-four cases of bone and joint lesions were diagnosed in the study period, and they had a slight male preponderance with a M: F ratio of 1.4:1 and a mean age of 38.7 ± 22.0 years. Nonneoplastic lesions were more common 58.3% (49/84) than neoplastic tumours 41.7% (35/84). Benign tumours were however more common 27.4% (23/84) than malignant tumours 14.3% (12/84). Nonneoplastic lesions and benign tumours were seen in the first and second decades of life while malignant tumours occurred in the third and fourth decades. Of the 84 lesions, 47 cases were bone lesions while 37 were joint lesions. Osteomyelitis was the most common nonneoplastic bone lesion (7/47; 14.9%) while osteochondroma and giant cell tumours were the most common and only benign bone tumours seen and accounted for 14.9% (7/47) of cases each. Metastatic bone diseases (5/47; 10.6%) and osteosarcoma (4/47; 8.5%) were the most common malignant bone tumours, with osteosarcoma being the most common primary bone malignant tumours (4/7; 57.1%). Ganglion cysts were the most common lesions in all accounting for 23.8% (20/84) and the most common nonneoplastic (20/49; 40.8%) and joint lesions (20/37; 54.1%). Nodular tenosynovitis was the most common benign joint tumour and accounted for 10.8% (4/37) of cases; there is no malignant joint tumour. Skull was the most common anatomic site for bone lesions while the humerus was the most common anatomic site for bone tumours whereas wrist was the most common site for joint lesions. Conclusion: Nonneoplastic bone and joint lesions were more common than neoplastic lesions in our environment, with ganglion cysts being the most common joint lesions while osteomyelitis, osteochondroma, and giant cell tumours were the most common bone lesions. There is no malignant joint tumour observed in this study.


Under the assumption of rational person, the provision of altruistic behavior will eventually be exhausted. However, in reality, some people still would rather sacrifice their own interests to help others. This paper introduces altruistic social preference into utility function, researches on how to push the upgrade of altruistic behavior in the society through designing the incentive mechanism while realizing the maximum of individual interest and social welfare. This paper divides the individuals into individuals with high, middle and low altruistic levels and analyzes the effects of different incentive mechanisms on these three kinds of individuals. Finally, this paper comes to the comparative analysis on the policy effects by combining the effects of the proportion of the individuals with different altruistic levels in the group on the aggregate provision of altruistic behavior.


As compared to other gas separation techniques, membranes have several advantages which can include low capital cost, relatively low energy usage and scalability. While it could be possible to synthesize the ideal polymer for membrane separation of carbon dioxide from fuel gas, it would be very intensive in terms of money and time. Supported liquid membranes allow the researcher to utilize the wealth of knowledge available on liquid properties. Ionic liquids, which can be useful in capturing CO2 from fuel gas because they posses high CO2 solubility in the ionic liquid relative to H2, are an excellent candidate for this type of membrane. Ionic liquids are not susceptible to evaporation due to their negligible vapor pressure and thus eliminate the main problem typically seen with supported liquid membranes. A study has been conducted evaluating the use of the ionic liquid 1-hexyl-3-methyl-imidazolium bis(trifuoromethylsulfonyl)imide in supported ionic liquid membranes for the capture of CO2 from streams containing H2. In a joint project, the ionic liquid was synthesized and characterized at the University of Notre Dame, incorporated into a polymeric matrix, and tested at the National Energy Technology Laboratory. Initial results have been very promising with calculated CO2 permeabilities as high as 950more » barrers and significant improvements in CO2/H2 selectivity over the unmodified polymer at 37 oC along with promising results at elevated temperatures. In addition to performance, the study included examining the choice of polymeric supports on performance and membrane stability in more realistic operating conditions. Also included in this study was an evaluation of novel approaches to incorporate the ionic liquid into polymer matrices to optimize the performance and stability of the membranes.« less


ABSTRACT In this work, a deep neural network is presented which is trained on flamelet/progress variable (FPV) tables and validated in a combustion large eddy simulation (LES) of the Sydney/Sandia flame with inhomogeneous inlets. Using data scaling and transformation techniques, as well as novel network architectures as the residual skip connection we are able to store all combustion relevant quantities in one single network, thus reducing effectively the memory footprint compared to the FPV tables, while keeping data retrieval times similar to table interpolation. The accuracy of the deep neural networks (DNN) is compared to its FPV counterpart and achieves excellent agreement. The DNN is also able to accurately predict the stiff progress variable source term in the thin reaction zone. Finally, the DNN thermochemistry representation is validated in combustion simulations of a 2D laminar premixed flame and a 3D LES of the Sydney/Sandia piloted jet flame with inhomogeneous inlet. The DNN results are in very good agreement with the conventional tabulated FPV simulations and show a promising way to efficiently reduce the storage size of high dimensional pretabulated thermochemical state space in reactive flow simulations. Abbreviations: ANN: Artificial neural network; API: Application programming interface; CFD: Computational fluid dynamics; CFL: Courant-Friedrichs-Lewy; CPU: Central processing unit; DL: Deep learning; DNN: Deep neural network; FGM: Flamelet generated manifold; FLOPS: Floating point operation per second; FPV: Flamelet/progress variable; GPU: Graphics processing unit; HPC: High-performance computing; ILDM: Intrinsic low-dimensional manifold; LES: Large eddy simulation; MAE: Mean absolute error; MPI: Message passing interface; MSE: Mean squared error; PDF: Probability density function; SGS: Subgrid scale; SOM: Self-organizing map; TCI: Turbulence–chemistry interaction.


Semiconductor vertical furnaces must achieve even faster and more precise temperature control due to the demand for ever-reducing the minimum feature size or critical dimension in semiconductor chips. Also, the insulation performance of vertical furnaces has improved to reduce power consumption; as a side effect, temperature reduction operation takes longer without active cooling. Therefore, in addition to heaters, vertical furnaces equipped with coolers have emerged to achieve higher productivity, more precise temperature control, and lower power consumption. However, the inability to generate positive and negative control inputs for one of the heaters or coolers poses a challenge for an intuitive controller parameter design. The aim of this paper is to address these issues by proposing an intuitive method for designing a controller in the frequency domain which virtually integrates heaters and coolers. We implemented the controller in a full-scale actual semiconductor vertical furnace and first confirmed that the linearity is high. Furthermore, we experimentally verified that the controller achieves both high-speed, high-precision temperature control and low power consumption.


Manufacturing opportunities in urban China have led to the mass migration of over 270 million rural residents to urban areas. We investigate the resulting upheaval in Chinese society using a macromarketing framework, especially the effect on the family unit. A qualitative study of 34 adult migrants in Shanghai is used to put a human face on the challenges faced by those distant from their families of origin (and in many cases their own children) and yet ostracized by most of those in urban society.


The concept of quasi-coincidence of a fuzzy interval value with an interval valued fuzzy set, which is a generalization of quasi-coincidence of a fuzzy point with a fuzzy set, is introduced. Using this new idea, the notion of interval valued (α, β)-fuzzy H v -ideal in an H v -ring, which is a generalization of a fuzzy H v -ideal, is defined and related properties are investigated. In particular, the study of interval valued ( )-fuzzy H v -ideal in an H v -ring is dealt with. Finally, we consider the concept of implication-based interval valued fuzzy H v -ideal in an H v -ring.


Over the second half of the twentieth century scholarly consideration of John and Charles Wesley underwent a dramatic transformation. Coming into this period as a side avocation of a few scholars, it ended the century as an area of academic focus in its own right–with dedicated academic chairs, degree programs, and publishing imprints. As one might expect, this growth is reflected in the number of doctoral dissertations devoted, in whole or in part, to the Wesleys. In the decade 1951–60 there were about 15 dissertations with this focus. The number grew to about 25 in the 1960s and held steady at this level through the 1970s. In the period of 1981–90 there was a noticeable increase to nearly 40 works, and below I list 45 dissertations that I have been able to locate that were produced between 1991–2000 (I would appreciate hearing of any I have missed). There are several characteristics of this list of dissertations from the past decade that are worthy of attention. Consider first their years of publication. There is a fairly stable regularity, with at least one dissertation appearing every year, and around four in most years. The most striking year is 1999, when thirteen dissertations were approved. This appears to be an anomaly, rather than indicative of the level to expect in the future. The list shows only one dissertation for 2000, and I am aware of only one approved in the year 2001. A second significant characteristic of the list is the number of institutions at which these dissertations were pursued. There are 33 different


Towns on the Sunshine Coast were narrowly missed by a storm that hammered Brisbane on Thursday night, which has prompted local disaster workers to urge residents to prepare for similar summer events sooner rather than later.


There are a growing number of disabled people who are interested in recreation and sport activities. Engineering has several devices to offer for activities in many places in the world. There are many examples of simple and sophisticated equipment, including computerized devices like wheelchairs for recreation and sport activities. There are sport competitions involving four groups of disabled sportspersons, namely 1) the deaf, 2) people with physical disability, 3) people with intellectual (mental) disability, 4) people supported by specially designed high level engineering equipment. All of them can use many kinds of equipment and facilities.


Exploitation by unscrupulous commercial operators in the high art and tourist trades has long been rife. A 'sui generis' law to address the perceived shortcomings of copyright was recommended by the Indigenous Art Inquiry, but there is no draft proposal for a sui generis law under consideration by the Australian Government. This article questions the efficacy of these measures for redressing exploitation of Indigenous people and culture. The analysis is based upon reflection on the significance of submissions by Indigenous persons to the Indigenous Art Inquiry. Unlike lawyerly and government readings of the situation, community-based complaints did not identify contracts and exploitation by rogue dealers in the art market and problems with copyright as distinctive or unrelated issues. Nor was economic or trade regulation treated as separate to claims for political rights or separate to rights to culture. Exploitation was firmly and deeply identified as part and parcel of the colonial experience, related to a history of past injustice, to ongoing unfair treatment by government and to the dynamics of the art market as they impact on communities.


Sentiment analysis being a polarity based detection technique, is going around in the academic research and industry domain for quite a long time, not only seeing the economic benefits to both fields alike, but also the significance in understanding human behavior. In this work, Natural Language Processing (NLP) is done to accurately recognize the sentiment behind the gestures of a specially abled individual, to analyse their behavior in real time considering different application platforms.


We display some simple cosmological solutions of gravity theories with quadratic Ricci curvature terms added to the Einstein-Hilbert Lagrangian which exhibit anisotropic inflation. The Hubble expansion rates are constant and unequal in three orthogonal directions. We describe the evolution of the simplest of these homogeneous and anisotropic cosmological models from its natural initial state and evaluate the deviations they will create from statistical isotropy in the fluctuations produced during a period of anisotropic inflation. The anisotropic inflation is not a late-time attractor in these models but the rate of approach to a final isotropic de Sitter state is slow and is conducive to the creation of observable anisotropic statistical effects in the microwave background. The statistical anisotropy would not be scale invariant and the level of statistical anisotropy will grow with scale.


A tag-set for tagging Luganda words has been in absence for quite a long time leading to absence of Luganda Language resources used in Computational Linguistic (CL) and Natural Language Processing (NLP). As a result, this research paper proposes and presents a Structured Compact Tag-set for Luganda (SCTL) in a bid to address this gap, and emphasis has been directed towards presenting the structures. SCTL incorporates a number of new concepts aimed at reducing redundancy in an annotated corpus. In line with this, Tag Length Minimization Strategies (TLMS) have been proposed and implemented in SCTL. The morpho-syntactic properties captured in SCTL were identified through conducting a morphological analysis and word categorization along the various parts of speeches (POS) of Luganda. To demonstrate the suitability of SCTL to tag Luganda text, a sample text extracted from Bukedde, an online Luganda news paper, has been tagged and presented; however, identification and validation of the various tags of SCTL is proposed as a component of continuity of this research work. This paper demonstrates how Concord Number (CN) captured in SCTL can be used to check conventional agreement between words. Storage Efficiencies, namely, ηt (individual) and ηat (batch) are novel metrics proposed in this research work, which can be used in evaluating how a particular tag-set is performing in terms of efficient storage usage at tag level and corpus (or batch) level respectively. Finding on the comparison of Storage Efficiencies (ηt and ηat) of tags from the four tag-sets of Luganda, Swahili, Russian and Northern Sotho, show that SCTL tags had the highest ηt therefore the highest ηat among the tags considered, due to the application of TLMS which maximizes ηt . Finding on the impact of TLMS on these tag-sets using Storage Efficiencies (ηt and ηat) as evaluation metrics show that there was a three-folds improvement to Swahili tags, a two-fold to Russian tags, and a 60\% to Northern Sotho tags. SCTL is associated with a number of advantages and have been presented herein. Conclusively, the advent of SCTL has opened the avenue of developing other NLP resources, especially, an annotated Luganda corpus. TLMS is very crucial in highly inflectional languages which have a lot of inherent morpho-syntactic information to capture, in bid to boost their tag storage efficiencies.