The effects of O{sub 2} on membrane-bound Azotobacter vinelandii hydrogenase in both the membrane-associated and purified states were characterized. O{sub 2} was a rapid-equilibrium, reversible inhibitor both of H{sub 2} oxidation/electron acceptor reduction activity and of the exchange activity. O{sub 2} inhibition was noncompetitive versus the electron acceptor methylene blue and uncompetitive versus the substrate H{sub 2}. O{sub 2} inhibition was rapidly reversed by removal of the O{sub 2}. In addition to an O{sub 2}-independent, reversible inhibition of hydrogenase, a time-dependent, irreversible inactivation by O{sub 2} of both H{sub 2} oxidation and exchange activities for this hydrogenase was demonstrated. The irreversible inactivation followed a first-order process. The inactivation by O{sub 2} was protected against by the substrate H{sub 2} in a concentration-dependent manner. This is the first report of H{sub 2} protection from O{sub 2}-dependent, irreversible inactivation for any hydrogenase. The competitive inhibitor CO did not affect the irreversible inactivation by O{sub 2} or the protection by H{sub 2}. A model is proposed that outlines various oxidation states of this hydrogenase and the effects of O{sub 2} on each state.


Objective:To study the efficacy of the "Tong Feng Ⅰ"capsule combined with Benzbromarone on chronic uric acid nephropathy(CUAN).Methods:96 patients were randomly divided into there groups: treatment group 1(48 patients treated with "Tong Feng Ⅰ capsule"),treatment group 2(48 patients treated with"Tong Feng Ⅰ capsule"and Benzbromarone) and the control group(35 patient treated with Benzbromayone). The efficacy of "Tong Feng Ⅰ capsule"were analyzed.Results:The total effective rate was 89.58% in treatment group 1, 93.75% in treatment group 2 and 57.15% in treatment group 3. There were significant differences between the treatment and the control group(P0.01).Conclusion:The "Tong Feng Ⅰ"capsule combined with Benzbromarone is effective for chronic uric acid nephropathy with minimal adverse effects.


A time-varying transfer function model for Li-ion batteries is introduced in this paper. Because of its time-varying nature, the proposed model is capable of capturing the charging process better than conventional time-invariant transfer function models. The overall modeling process constitutes a three-step process, namely, estimation of a continuous time-varying model, segmentation of the model parameter estimates, and finally representing the overall process by a group of piecewise time-invariant models. The efficacy of the proposed modeling process is demonstrated by using simulated data collected from a good electrical Li-ion battery model.


This study explores the driving forces and motives behind contemporary Nordic security cooperation. It asks and investigates whether the security cooperation has a foundation based on a shared (pea ...


Hoy low It Is (Comment c'est) is a difficult and puzzling text which has elicited varied approaches from critics. Some commentators view the novel through the lens of philosophy, focusing, for example, on Beckett's relationship to Sartre, or Camus; the Beckett/Geulincx connection; or on the influence of Democritus of Abdera.1 Others concentrate on Beckett's use of The Inferno,2 or read the novel as an illustration of Beckettian aesthetics by drawing on his critical statements in "Three Dialogues" and in his essays on painters. These aestheticians underscore the vain compulsion to impose unity and meaning on human experience through art3 or see How It Is as a representation of the artist's struggle against, and submission to, suicide.4 The novel is also seen as the creation through torture of a social being.5 Nearer to my own reading, Frederik N. Smith describes Beckett's attempts to catch the flux of the writing process as it happens. The contest is between imagination (spontaneous creation) and revision. However, Smith does not go beyond his argument that the novel represents the genesis


An official overspill scheme aimed at redistributing population from Glasgow to sites both inside and out of the Clyde Valley has been operated as a major planning tool to ease congestion and improve the city's housing environment . . This policy has met with at least partial success but, despite an extensive volume of population leaving Glasgow, planned targets have fallen short of expectation . The aim of this paper is to examine the evolution of official overspill policy and assess the extent to which it succeeded . It is hoped that by analysing the gap between aspiration and achievement it will be possible to comment on the validity of overspill theory as it has been conceived in Britain during the postwar period . The basic principles which underpin official overspill schemes, and which were first gathered together in a powerful synthesis in the Report of the Royal Commission on the Distribution of the Industrial Population (1940), are well known (Rodwin, 1956 ; Sharpe, 1956 ; Cullingworth, 1960 ; Self, 1961 ; and more recently Hall, et. al., 1973, esp. Vol. II). The policy of decanting population from major industrialised cities relates to the twin concepts of relieving congestion in their central areas whilst simultaneously containing the growth of their suburbs. The whole-


Objective: To assess whether ESL metabolites interfere with thyroid hormone measurements by the AK assay. Background: ESL is a once-daily oral antiepileptic drug for partial-onset (focal) seizures. In previous trials, AK assay measurements of free thyroxine (FT4) and free triiodothyronine (FT3) were lower with ESL versus placebo. ESL metabolites may disrupt protein binding in serum samples, resulting in lower free thyroid hormone measurements by the AK assay, compared with samples not containing ESL metabolites. Design/Methods: Study 093–451 comprised two parts. Part-1 (n=31) used serum samples from patients receiving ESL ≥1200 mg per day for ≥6 weeks. Part-2 (n=31) used serum samples from healthy volunteers (age- and gender-matched) spiked with different concentrations of ESL metabolites (low: 5.0μg/mL eslicarbazepine, 0.5μg/mL (R)-licarbazepine; medium: 12.5μg/mL, 1.25μg/mL; high: 20.0μg/mL, 2.0μg/mL). FT4 and FT3 were measured by the AK assay and equilibrium dialysis (ED) (a gold-standard physical separation technique). Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), total T4 (TT4), and total T3 (TT3) were measured by the AK assay. Data are reported as geometric means or ratios of geometric means ([AK assay/ED measurement] or [spiked sample/non-spiked sample measurement]). Results: Part-1: FT4 measurements were comparable between analytical techniques (ratio: 1.05, 90% CI: 0.98–1.12). FT3 measurements by the AK assay were slightly higher than with ED (ratio: 1.15, 90% CI: 1.09–1.22). Part-2: there was a small ESL metabolite-dependent increase in AK assay measurements of FT4 and FT3; measurements (in spiked and non-spiked samples) by the AK assay were slightly higher than with ED (ratios and 90% CIs were largely >1.0). ESL metabolites did not affect AK assay measurements of TSH, TT4, and TT3 (ratios and 90% CIs were all ~1.0). Conclusions: ESL metabolites did not reduce thyroid hormone levels as measured by the AK assay. Therefore, the lower FT4/FT3 levels observed with ESL (versus placebo) in ESL clinical trials were not due to assay interference. Study Supported by: Sunovion Pharmaceuticals Inc. Disclosure: Dr. Eddy has received personal compensation for consulting, serving on a scientific advisory board, speaking, or other activities with Employment: Sunovion Pharmaceuticals Inc. Dr. Grinnell has received personal compensation for consulting, serving on a scientific advisory board, speaking, or other activities with Employment: Sunovion Pharmaceuticals Inc. Dr. Li has received personal compensation for consulting, serving on a scientific advisory board, speaking, or other activities with Sunovion Pharmaceuticals Inc. Dr. Cantu has received personal compensation for consulting, serving on a scientific advisory board, speaking, or other activities with Employment: Sunovion Pharmaceuticals Inc. Dr. Blum has received personal compensation for consulting, serving on a scientific advisory board, speaking, or other activities with Employment: Sunovion Pharmaceuticals Inc.


This work proposes a simple analytical model of threshold voltage for a p-channel Double Gate Junctionless Transistor (DGJLT). The model had been derived incorporating the effects of doping density, channel thickness, oxide thickness and high-k dielectric. Validity of the derived model was verified using previously proposed classical model for Accumulation Mode (AM) p-MOSFET. The proposed model's performance in terms of predicting threshold voltage had been compared to Quantum Mechanical (QM) device simulation results.


Novel T-shape three-coordinate nickel(I) chlorides bearing an N-heterocyclic carbene ligand, NiCl(IPr)(2) (IPr = 1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imidazolin-2-ylidene), were isolated by a reaction of Ni(0)(NHC)(2) with aryl chlorides. This Ni(I) complex was shown to act as a catalyst in a cross-coupling reaction of aryl halides with phenylmagnesium chloride.


This paper presents an empirical analysis of the effects of agglomeration on the economic growth of 145 Chinese cities in nine major urban systems. The results show that industrial diversification externalities have a positive effect on the cities' relative economic growth in the urban system. By applying the gravity model, this paper also finds the spatial interaction intensity within the same urban system plays a positive role in enhancing the total factor productivity (TFP) of the city from 2003 to 2009, but this effect gradually weakens from 2010 to 2016.


Edward Elgar, Cheltenham, 2003, 2 ed, £59.95, 271 + xii pp society. Certainly, today's normative model of the New Economy is generally presented at the highest political levels as rich in entrepreneurial opportunity – a position we know to be flawed. Casson explodes a number of myths that are still continually the subject of debate in journals concerned with entrepreneurship and small business studies. It is difficult (at least for this reviewer) to see where changes have been made to reflect events in the entrepreneurial world. I am not an economist, and certain parts of the text necessitate a deeper understanding of economics than I possess. However, there are some really assiduous statements in the book, some of which are written in an almost aphoristic style, which makes this such a good read. It is to be hoped that The Entrepreneur: An Economic Theory will be re-read by non-economists as well as by economists who ignore the economic theory of the entrepreneur. It ought to be recommended as a key text on Masters programmes that deal with the theory of the firm, the role of small business and the entrepreneurial process.


Indonesia is a country that has a wet tropical climate, so that about 60 % of the cities in Indonesia is very a hazard to flood. The floods have caused many losses to humans. The purpose of this study is determine the direction of development policy mitigation of flood hazard zones in Limapuluh Kota District, by using GIS analysis with the overlay technique. The indicators used to determine the flood hazard zones are rainfall, slope, landform, soil type, geology, elevation, and land use. Mitigation policy directives using AHP analysis involving 15 experts with conservation criteria, regulations, community capacity. The results showed 6,2 % is a very flood zone. Three main landing to reduce the impact of floods is disaster education, improved socialization in flood hazard zones, and planning of based spatial disaster.


Abstract MOORE et al. (1946) reported that the addition of streptomycin and sulfasuxidine to a purified diet brought about a growth response in chicks. The antibiotics did not cause a sterilization of the intestinal tract of chicks, but did produce a marked reduction in the coliform bacteria of the cecal contents. In 1947, Newell et al. reported that with a practical ration, combinations of dried penicillin mycelium and fish press water resulted in excellent growth of chicks. Later work by Cunha et al. (1949a), McGinnis et al. (1949) showed that an aureomycin mash A.P.F. concentrate was superior to vitamin B12 for swine and turkey poults. Stokstad et al. (1950) and Whitehill et al. (1950) reported the activity of the antibiotics in stimulating growth of chicks fed all vegetable type rations. Thayer et al. (1950) presented data which indicated that an A.P.F. concentrate has a sparing effect on the protein needs of . . .


Influence of providing a Granular Trench (GT) below strip footings on loose sand deposits is explored. The additional benefit of encapsulating such a granular trench with a geosynthetic is also studied. Such a system is christened as Encapsulated Granular Trench (EGT). Load tests were conducted on laboratory model strip footings resting on granular trench and encapsulated granular trench. EGT supported strip footing was found to perform better than the footing on GT. The geosynthetic helps to redistribute the stresses within the granular trench and undergo self straining due to loading. In addition to this, the geosynthetic will also perform as a separator. Non linear finite element analyses were conducted to understand the internal mechanisms leading to the observed behaviour.


This article describes how in recent years, Iran has joined the top ranks of the world powers in cyberspace and has demonstrated the ability to leverage cyberwarfare as a significant tool in its arsenal for pursuing its national security goals. While this increase in cyber power is relatively recent, some of the incidents and events that serve as the catalyst for the sudden digital surge go back decades. The reasons for these increased capabilities revolve around historic means of power projection, defense and preservation of the principles of the Iranian Revolution, response to Western aggression and Iranian nationalism. This article explores these ideological drivers and events to provide context for their trajectory and analysis of their likely implications.


This study aimed to determine the corporate income tax accounting which is conducted by CV. Bina Mandiri Perkasa.. This study using descriptive analysis method. The data used in this study came from the secondary data that in the form of Income Statement and Annual Tax Return for the year 2018. The results obtained in this study that the corporate income tax accounting has not been applied properly because the calculations that made by company is not accordance with Law Number 36 of 2008.


This study tests the hypothesis that the companies which have lower credit ratings are charged higher audit fees or the companies which have higher credit ratings pay lower audit fees. The hypothesis is based on the assumption that these price differentials should be observed given Credit ratings and financial ratios in a stable audit market. For this study, data from S&P-100 is used. The companies which composes S&P-100 index have shown that the difference between audit fees is derived from credit ratings.


Harrogate and Leamington ground out a dull end of season draw at the CNG Stadium. In a slow start the recalled, Dan Clayton centred for Steve Mallory ...


For improving the rehabilitation quality,it is an effectively clinical method to make use of the lower limb rehabilitation training appliance for injured lower limb timely.The development situation of lower limb rehabilitation training appliance was analyzed and summarized according to the main study results at home and abroad in recent years.The lower limb rehabilitation training appliances were classified based on different drive method and each of its characteristics were analyzed.Also,it is pointed out that the development direction of lower limb rehabilitation training appliance in the future is compliance,safety and intelligent.


Purpose
The purpose of this study is to offer a checklist that can be used for both creating and evaluating digital collections, which are also sometimes referred to as data sets as part of the collections as data movement, suitable for computational use.

Design/methodology/approach
The checklist was built by synthesising and analysing the results of relevant research literature, articles and studies and the issues and needs obtained in an observational study. The checklist was tested and applied both as a tool for assessing a selection of digital collections made available by galleries, libraries, archives and museums (GLAM) institutions as proof of concept and as a supporting tool for creating collections as data.

Findings
Over the past few years, there has been a growing interest in making available digital collections published by GLAM organisations for computational use. Based on previous work, the authors defined a methodology to build a checklist for the publication of Collections as data. The authors' evaluation showed several examples of applications that can be useful to encourage other institutions to publish their digital collections for computational use.

Originality/value
While some work on making available digital collections suitable for computational use exists, giving particular attention to data quality, planning and experimentation, to the best of the authors' knowledge, none of the work to date provides an easy-to-follow and robust checklist to publish collection data sets in GLAM institutions. This checklist intends to encourage small- and medium-sized institutions to adopt the collection as data principles in daily workflows following best practices and guidelines.


What follows is a consideration of the concept of transcendence, the phenomenon of the ―abyss,‖ risk taking and the process of ―letting go.‖ The traditional concept of transcendence is seen as an orienting or movement towards spirit or the heavens. This article considers an alternative to this more traditional view— that is, transcendence as a movement toward the earth and into emotional pain or vulnerability as a path to transcending our earthly limitations that hinder our spiritual evolution. The phenomenon of the ―abyss‖ is also considered through the Internal Family Systems sm theoretical lens as a container for exiled parts constructed by our protective managerial parts. Finally, risk taking and the process of ―letting go‖ are discussed as necessary actions to engage in so that physical and emotional well being can be enhanced, thus limiting the potential emotional, physical and psychological impact of traumatic experiences.


Today it is common to divide global crisis into three distribution channels of the US economy on other countries: 1) the outflow of capital, 2) drop in demand for exports, and 3) a decrease in commodity prices. Unfortunately, the Russian economy experienced the impact in all three areas.


Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumour (IMT) is a rare pathology of unknown etiology. It was called inflammatory pseudotumor (IPT) until 1998, when the term inflammatory myofibroblastic tumour (IMT) was proposed as being a more descriptive name [1]. IMT and IPT terminologies are most confusing and interchangeably used due to very numerous similarities in histological presentations. But despite numerous similarities in histology / subtle differences such as marked spindle cell proliferation in IMT and prominent lymphoplasmacytic infiltration in IPT help to histologically differentiate them. Immunohistochemical markers are invaluable in differentiating both of them. Though there is no significant difference in the clinical standpoint and are considered synonymous [2,3]. Now it is belong to the group of soft tissue tumours and have been known by various synonyms; inflammatory pseudotumor, plasma cell granuloma, fibrous histiocytoma and sometimes low grade sarcoma or inflammatory fibrosarcoma [4-15]. It was referred to by several different terms until the World Health Organization (WHO) classified IMT as a distinct entity [6]. The diverse nomenclature is mostly descriptive and reflects the uncertainty regarding its true biologic nature of these lesions [7]. Therefore IMT is clinico-pathologically distinctive but biologically controversial entity, which was originally described as true neoplastic lesion [5-8]. Exact etio-pathogenesis is not known, though it is considered to be an exaggerated inflammatory reaction to tissue injury of unknown cause [9]. Recently the -concept of this lesion being reactive has been challenged based on the clinical demonstration of recurrences and metastasis and further cytogenetic evidence of acquired clonal chromosomal abnormalities [10]. Moreover the presence of human herpes virus-8 DNA sequences and the over expression of interleukin 6 and cyclin D1 have been reported in IMTs [11]. Then conception of inflammatory origin was refuted by some researchers. Later it was described may arise as an immunologic host reaction to stimuli such as microorganisms (e.g Epstein –Barr Virus, Human Herpes Virus-8), foreign bodies or neoplastic tissues, chronic inflammation and may even trauma [12]. Though in some studies found an association between trauma and IMT that may lead to reactive inflammation has been suggested but causation cannot be proven completely [10-12]. Therefore whatever the cause a localized derangement in the immune response after the initial insult may be an underlying mechanism [13]. IMT is characterized by solitary, well demarcated mass with fibroblastic or myofibroblastic spindle cell proliferation with varying degrees of inflammatory cell infiltration [1-14]. There are three basic histologic patterns are recognized:


The paper expounds the characteristics of higher professional education, and it analyses current status of talent shortage in geological prospecting industry. Then, it discusses important position and role of higher professional education in geological prospecting economic development. Moreover, it puts forward the measures and policies about strengthening higher professional education to serve as geological prospecting economic development.


The pine wilting disease prevalent in western Japan was studied with respect to the pine wood nematode, Bursaphelenchus lignicolus, as a causal agent. The relationship between the behavior of nematode populations within pines and disease development is discussed.


The highly structured visible absorption spectrum of the bromine dioxide radical, OBrO, has been observed in the 15 500–26 000 cm−1 region. The spectrum is dominated by a long progression in the Br–O symmetric stretching motion (ν1′) and a series of short progressions built on the bending mode (ν2′); there are no features associated with the excitation of the antisymmetric stretching mode (ν3′). The spectrum also contains numerous transitions originating from the (0,1,0) and (1,0,0) vibrational levels of the electronic ground state, X(2B1). A simultaneous fit to all of the observed vibronic features yielded the frequencies ν1″=799.4 cm−1, ν2″=317.5 cm−1, ω1′=641.5 cm−1, ω2′=210.7 cm−1, and a band origin T0=15 863 cm−1. Franck–Condon simulations combined with ab initio calculations of the four lowest OBrO doublet electronic states identify the spectrum as arising from the C(2A2)←X(2B1) electronic transition.


A disease of borage (Borago officinalis) in Spain, characterized by severe mosaic and deformation of the leaves, was shown to be caused by a potyvirus. The borage-infecting potyvirus was characterized biologically by the symptoms induced in 23 indicator species and was shown to be transmitted experimentally by the aphid Myzus persicae in a non-persistent manner. In order to classify the borage-infecting potyvirus we have cloned and sequenced the entire coat protein gene and 3' non-coding region of the viral RNA. By comparing this nucleotide sequence with those of other members of the Potyviridae, we can identify the Spanish borage-infecting potyvirus as an isolate of clover yellow vein virus (CYVV), a virus so far only known to cause important diseases in forage legumes. This is the first record of CYVV in Spain and of CYVV infecting a natural host of the Boraginaceae.


Pseudotumor cerebri is a syndrome of raised CSF pressure, normal CSF composition, and a normal cerebral CT or MRI. [1] Two recent articles [2,3] emphasized the importance of cerebral venous hypertension in the pathogenesis of pseudotumor cerebri and highlighted the usefulness of cerebral venography and direct pressure measurements in the understanding of this condition. Karahalios et al. [3] postulated that cerebral venous hypertension causes impaired reabsorption of CSF across the arachnoid villi, leading to elevated CSF pressure. We report the case of a woman with pseudotumor cerebri in whom the pathogenesis and correct management could only be formulated after cerebral venography and manometry.

A 40-year-old woman presented with asymptomatic papilledema that was detected by an optometrist who was supplying her with new spectacle frames. She had never complained of headache or visual obscurations. Her past medical history included mild asthma (treated with salbutamol, ipratropium bromide, and beclomethasone aerosols) and ulcerative colitis that was well controlled for 11 years on sulphasalazine. She had also been taking hormone replacement therapy for three months before diagnosis, for the symptom …


The method (100) for improving multi-point conferences, the method comprising: Identifying a terminal unit (210), which belongs to a subscriber of a multipoint session, wherein the multi-point session, a multicast video stream and a multipoint audio data stream associated, wherein it is in the terminal unit (210) to a data processing unit comprising a having a terminal unit and a video input terminal units video output terminal units audio input, and wherein there is a conference with a telephone session with the multipoint session; Determining the location of the terminal unit (210) and a conference unit (250), wherein the conference unit (250) with a conference audio input (252) and a conferencing audio output (254) is equipped; and End of a terminal-unit audio data stream which is associated with the terminal units audio input, and receiving a conference audio data stream from the conferencing audio input (252) in response to the terminal unit (210) in the vicinity of the conference unit is; and simultaneously providing a terminal-unit video data stream (262) to the terminal units video output and a second conference audio data stream (260) at the conference audio output (254), said terminal-unit video data stream (262) and the second Conference -Audiodatenstrom (260) are synchronized, and said terminal-unit video data stream (262) and the second conference audio data stream (260) of the multipoint session associated.


State mapping between atoms and photons, and photon-photon interactions play an important role in scalable quantum information processing. We consider the interaction of a two-level atom with a quantized propagating pulse in free space and study the probability P{sub e}(t) of finding the atom in the excited state at any time t. This probability is expected to depend on (i) the quantum state of the pulse field and (ii) the overlap between the pulse and the dipole pattern of the atomic spontaneous emission. We show that the second effect is captured by a single parameter {Lambda}(set-membership sign)[0,8{pi}/3], obtained by weighting the dipole pattern with the numerical aperture. Then, P{sub e}(t) can be obtained by solving time-dependent Heisenberg-Langevin equations. We provide detailed solutions for both single-photon Fock state and coherent states and for various temporal shapes of the pulses.


In this work, the charge transport properties of organic vanadyl 3,10,17,24-tetra-tert-butyl-1,8,15,22-tetrakis(dimethylamino)-29H,31H phthalocyanine (VTP) were investigated. The I-V profile demonstrated by single VTP shows a rectifying behavior, and Schottky diode parameters such as the ideality factor, barrier height, shunt, and series resistance were calculated. Further, the charge transport behavior of single-layer VTP and its blend with phenyl C71 butyric acid methyl ester (PC71BM) was evaluated using the I-V conventional method and diode analysis. In addition, the optimized diode properties of VTP: PC71BM were chosen to evaluate its photovoltaic effect. The current density-voltage (J-V) characteristics were evaluated in both dark and light conditions to determine the key parameters of the photovoltaic effect. The results indicate the optimized VTP: the PC71BM composite blend yielded a relatively low photovoltaic efficiency. However, due to the presence of extended ligands, it gives a very good sensitivity when applied in the organic photodetector device, as reported in our previous work.


The study was aimed at investigating the concentration of macro/micro elements and proximate content of the fruit of Sarcocephalus latifolius with the view of validating its nutritional benefit to man. The plant material was collected from Gaya in Hong L.G.A of Adamawa State, Nigeria. Proximate analysis was conducted following methods of Association of Official Analytical Chemists. The percentage values of moisture, ash, protein, fibre and carbohydrate available were 14.6, 4.5, 8.52, 32.60 and 45.80 respectively. The levels of 13 elements (Ca, Mg, Na, K, P, S, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Co, Cr, Ni) was determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. While the content of phosphorus and sulphur in the fruit was determined by colorimetry. Results revealed moderate to high concentrations of some macro and micro elements in the fruit of Sarcocephalus latifolius. Phosphorus was the highest amongst the macro element (0.531 g/100 g) which represent 37.96% of its Required Dietary Allowance (RDA). Magnesium (0.329 g/100 g), potassium (0.294 g/100 g) calcium (0.242 g/100 g) and sodium (0.196 g/100 g) which represent 16.40%, 7.34%, 34.80% and 17.80% of their required dietary allowance. Sulphur was the lowest (0.045 g/100 g) among the macro element. For the microelements, Zn, a potent antioxidant was the highest (0.019 g/100 g) which represents 87.27% of its required dietary allowance (RDA). While Mn and Fe showed 99.8% and 33.3%. In conclusion, both the proximate and elemental concentrations for the fruit of S. latifolius was found within the permissible region set by the World Health Organization.


This paper presents a corpus study comparing and contrasting the infinitives and participles and their objects in the Finnic languages Estonian, Finnish, Karelian, Livonian and Veps. There are up to four infinitives, the nomenclature varying from language to language, but here referred to as -ta, -ma, -e and fourth infinitive. The -ma infinitive is inflected for a number of cases, the others have fewer cases. The -ta infinitives function as subjects and objects, while the -ma infinitives have an adverbial function. The -e infinitive links two simultaneous activities. The fourth infinitive is productive only for expressions of obligation in Livonian. Active and passive present and past participles occur in all the languages. The present participles function mainly as adjectives and agree in number and case with the noun which they modify. In Finnish passive present participles can be used to indicate obligation. Past participles form compound tenses with the auxiliary 'be', and can also head participial clauses. They also function as adjectives, but only show agreement in some languages. The objects of non-finite verbs are more frequently partitive than those of finite verbs, because the action is usually incomplete.


Jobs for the Future (JFF) has identified the following best practice programs that support what is known to work best in moving women into family-supporting employment: (1) Cessna Aircraft Company in Wichita, Kansas, trains welfare recipients to work as sheet metal assemblers while providing a support services counselor and support for child care and housing; (2) Oakland Community College's Advanced Technology Program provides welfare recipients with 20-week training cycles that are custom-designed for major local information technology employers and include 4-week paid internships with participating employers; and (3) Wildcat Service Corporation's Private Industry Partnership (PIP) program helps move women from welfare into private-sector employment with large financial service employers. All three programs prepare women for jobs with family-supporting incomes. JFF also partnered with the PIP program's founder to design Origin LLC, which will reverse the typical sequence of most employment programs in that it will start by helping employers identify business problems they can solve through improved human resource practices and will then offer job preparation customized to those employers' needs and determine and provide customized training for positions that can be filled by non college graduates. Origin LLC will establish up to eight New York sites and sites in at least five other large cities. (MN) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. Building Bridges to Family-Supporting Jobs Hilary Pennington Marlene Seltzer PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE AND DISSEMINATE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) 1 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Office of Educational Research and Improvement EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) KThis document has been reproduced as received from the person or organization originating it. Minor changes have been made to improve reproduction quality. Points of view or opinions stated in this document do not necessarily represent official OERI position or policy. Women's Policy Journal of Harvard John F. Kennedy School of Government Volume 1 (Inaugural Issue) Summer 2001


The role religions play in social transformation is ambiguous. Many wars have been fought, with religion as instigator and motivator. Even so, religions have, over centuries, constantly called out against violence and oppression and motivated the search for peace. Some religious leaders famously fought against apartheid, while others expressed support and legitimated apartheid. The question beckons as to why religion should be burdened with the task of transforming society. Is religion best equipped for this task? Is there no other social institution capable of performing this task? This study presents three potential motivations why religion should participate in social transformation, namely religion is best equipped to bring about social transformation; religion is least equipped to bring about social transformation, and spirituality as an alternative to religion as transformation catalyst. This study wants to understand what transformation is and what role religion can play in contributing to social transformation. To achieve this, a clear understanding of the difference between religion and spirituality is necessary. This study uses the method of critical analysis of available literature on the topic.


Abstract Lexico-reconstruction techniques are used to examine the possible affinities between speakers of the Muskogean and Siouan families and the bearers of Mississippian culture. Lexical data are presented in terms of a typology of social systems which is descriptive of the range of socio-cultural complexity which characterizes Mississippian communities and societies. These social systems are defined as: descent-ranked societies, genealogy-ranked societies, and stratified societies. Non-material aspects of Mississippian culture are also examined. These suggest a concern with calendrics and the presence of mathematical decimal systems.


The name "Open Source Mission" (OSM) is derived from the software development community. The open source concept refers to a development methodology, which enables the general public to contribute to designing and developing a software application by having access to its source code. Today, the open source principles and practices are commonly applied to the development of source code for software that is made available for public collaboration, and the results are usually released as open source software. Our team proposes a similar approach for space exploration mission design: the OSM Project.


Revises conflict of interest provisions concerning Department of Defense procurement to prohibit former Department officers and employees and former or retired members of the armed services who participated in decisionmaking responsibilities concerning defense contractors from accepting compensation from such contractors for a two-year period following separation from the Department. (Present law imposes such prohibitions only on those officials who performed procurement functions for a majority of working days or who participated in negotiations of contracts or claims in excess of $10,000,000.) Imposes criminal penalties for violations of such prohibition. (Present law provides only civil penalties.) Imposes criminal penalties upon any person who knowingly offers or provides such compensation to a former defense procurement official. (Present law imposes only civil penalties.) Authorizes the Secretary of Defense to exempt from such requirements certain persons appointed to sensitive civilian procurement executive positions. Specifies that such an exemption shall be made with the concurrence of the Director of the Office of Government Ethics. Requires the Secretary to report to the Congress concerning any such exemptions. Requires the Secretary to provide each defense procurement official separated from service a written notice containing: (1) an explanation of the provisions of this Act; and (2) the name of each contractor from whom such person is prohibited from accepting compensation. Specifies that the provisions of this Act shall not apply to contracts for less than $100,000 or to contractors who did less than $100,000 worth of business with the Department in the preceding fiscal year. Allows any person who is considering the propriety of accepting compensation from a defense contractor to apply to the Director of the Office of Government Ethics for advice on the applicability of this Act.


In former deep coal mining areas in Germany the mine water table is regulated by a water pump system such that the drinking water at the earth's surface is not influenced. Nevertheless, it is planned to reduce the pumping rate in selected areas or to stop the pumps completely. Thus, the mine water table will rise and will effect the hydrogeologic situation at the surface. To minimise critical changes it will be necessary to determine the effects of a rising mine water table in advance. For a detailed forecast the exact depth of the mine water table has to be monitored during the rising process for the modelling of possible changes at the earth's surface. To avoid the construction of expensive and complicated drill holes down to more than 1000 m depth an alternative technique to monitor the rising of the mine water table could be the time-lapse seismic. This method will have to be adjusted to the special situation of the water saturation in the surrounding rock materials due to the rising mine water table. The influence of the water saturation on the reflectivity of seismic waves is discussed with the results of seismic modelling.


The INTErnational Gamma Ray Astrophysics Laboratory (INTEGRAL) mission's onboard spectrometer, the INTEGRAL spectrometer (SPI), is described. The SPI constitutes one of the four main mission instruments. It is optimized for detailed measurements of gamma ray lines and for the mapping of diffuse sources. It combines a coded aperture mask with an array of large volume, high purity germanium detectors. The detectors make precise measurements of the gamma ray energies over the 20 keV to 8 MeV range. The instrument's characteristics are described and the Monte Carlo simulation of its performance is outlined. It will be possible to study gamma ray emission from compact objects or line profiles with a high energy resolution and a high angular resolution.


In this paper, one of the simplest and most regular members of the family of the Meshless Local Petrov-Galerkin (MLPG) methods; namely MLPG5, is applied to analyze the thick-walled isotropic laminated cylinders under elasto-static pressure. A novel simple technique is proposed to eliminate a very important difficulty of the meshless methods to deal with material discontinuities regarding to the high continuity of their shape functions. The Moving Least Squares (MLS) approximation is used for constructing the trial functions, and a simple Heaviside step function is chosen for the test function. The direct interpolation method is employed to impose the essential boundary conditions. Acceptable agreements with the analytical solutions and finite element method results are obtained specially at the material discontinuity boundaries, which suggest its application in other classes of problems.


The study and practice of finance in the US was mostly descriptive, normative and based on practitioners' experience and common sense until the early 1950s. There were normative models establishing what a firm could do to attain optimal investment, financing and shape dividend policies. Haugen (1998) cites two key books from this time. Arthur Dewing's descriptive piece on corporate securities and organization had a legal emphasis; Benjamin Graham and David Dodd wrote their famous book, laying out normative investment analysis techniques used until the present. Most books in Brazil emphasize the capital market's importance for economic development. They highlight financial intermediation and securitization as being the market's main conceptual functions. Other texts are more descriptive and give a panoramic view of financial markets in Brazil. It was not until the 1950s in the US (and much more recently in Brazil) that Financial Economics evolved into becoming a separate field of Economics. It has a broad scope, ranging from corporate financing to financial markets and risk management. Mercado de Capitais Análise Empírica no Brazil


Objective To investigate the effect of Dycal on the shear bond strength of four luting resins. Materials and Methods One hundred twenty extracted human molars were ground to flat dentin surface and were then  randomly divided into  three groups with forty teeth each. Group 1: the dentin surface was not covered with Dycal (control group). Group 2 and 3: the dentin surface was covered with Dycal for 7 and 28 days, respectively. Each group was divided into 4 subgroups based on luting resins (Variolink N, Panavia F 2.0, RelyX U200 and MaxCem Elite). After reaching the cover time, Dycal was removed and dentin was cleaned. The resin composite rods were bonded on each group with different resin cements. All specimens were kept in distilled water at 37°C for 24 hours and they were then subjected to shear bond strength test using universal testing machine at crosshead speed 0.5 mm/minute. The data were statistically analyzed by Two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the Tukey's multiple comparison tests at a 95% confidence level. The failure mode was evaluated under stereomicroscope and scanning electron microscope. Results The shear bond strength for all groups of Variolink N and Panavia F 2 showed no statistically significant difference.   All specimens in groups of Variolink N and Panavia F 2 exhibited mix failure. For the groups of RelyX U200 and MaxCem Elite, the shear bond strengths of Dycal covering dentin for 7-day or 28-day group were significantly lower than control group but the shear bond strength of Dycal covering dentin for 7-day group and 28-day group demonstrated no statistically significant difference.  All specimens in the groups of RelyX U200 and MaxCem Elite exhibited mix failure. When considering on Dycal treated dentin groups, the shear bond strength in group of RelyX U200 and MaxCem Elite were significantly lower than the groups of Variolink N and Panavia F 2.  Conclusion Dycal reduced bond strength of dentin to RelyX U200 or MaxCem Elite resin cements but does not affect bond strength of dentin to Variolink II or Panavia F2 resin cements.


In this paper, we report the design and fabrication of a highly birefringent polarization-maintaining photonic crystal fiber made from chalcogenide glass, and its application to linearly-polarized supercontinuum generation in the mid-infrared region. The fiber was drawn using the casting method from As38Se62 glass which features a transmission window from 2 to 10 μm and a high nonlinear index of 1.13 × 10–17 m2 W−1. It has a zero-dispersion wavelength (ZDW) at 4.56 μm for the fast axis and 4.68 μm for the slow axis and, at average ZDW, a large birefringence of 6.5 × 10–4 and consequently strong polarization maintaining properties are expected. Using this fiber, we experimentally demonstrate supercontinuum generation spanning from 3.1 to 6.02 μm and 3.33–5.78 μm using femtosecond pumping at 4 μm and 4.53 μm, respectively. We further investigate the supercontinuum bandwidth versus the input pump polarization angle and we show very good agreement with numerical simulations of the two-polarization model based on two coupled generalized nonlinear Schrödinger equations.


Abstract This paper studies the welfare consequences of the friction between two groups, those with and those without rational expectations, in an incomplete insurance market. We validate this friction empirically and test the existence of additional heterogeneity in the probability of belonging to the group which makes persistent mistakes on the anticipation of climate events using econometric models. The econometric models further suggest that the probability of belonging to this group varies significantly by sociodemographic attributes of respondents and by the geophysical attributes of their places of residence. Based on this evidence, we develop a two-period model of private insurance under uncertainty with endogenous prices. By including a central planner providing a technology for access to accurate information, our example illustrates that public intervention (via taxation) would only be feasible if public expenditure in the provision of this technology did not exceed 9.188% of the aggregate income earned by agents with inaccurate expectations.


The prices of food crops in Nepal have increased unusually over the years. The price rises have been caused due to a number of factors including low production of cereals, rising oil prices, untimely rainfall, increased feedstock, the international price rise, etc. The soaring food prices have seriously eroded the purchasing power of the poor people. The alarming rate of food price rise across the country calls for immediate response of the government. There are a number of options government can consider to address food security in the country. In shortterm, the government should consider Implementing targeted cash transfer programs to the vulnerable groups, making the Food-for-Work programs more effective, introducing school feeding programs to improve the food intake of school age children, reducing tariff on food imports, introducing grain subsidies specially targeted to the poor, etc. But in the longterm, the government must pay increased attention to the agricultural production. There is also a need for enhancing and strengthening the capacity of Nepal Food Corporation so that it can play an effective role in monitoring food price situation in the country and helping to stabilize the price as and when needed.


3 Background/aim: Embolus shedding is one of the important complications in carotid 4 artery stenting (CAS). Carotid high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (HR-MRI) 5 is often used to directly reflect important biological characteristics, such as plaque size 6 and composition, as well as the structure of the carotid artery wall. 7 The aim of this study was to investigate the predictive values of carotid HR-MRI for 8 large embolus shedding in CAS. 9 Materials and methods: In total, 195 patients with carotid stenosis were enrolled. 10 Preoperative carotid HR-MRI was performed to define the nature of the carotid plaques. 11 CAS was performed in all patients, and intraoperative embolic protection devices were 12 used to collect the shed emboli. According to the diameter and number of shed emboli, 13 the patients were divided into the small-embolus group (group X) and large-embolus 14 group (group Y). Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the risk factors of 15 large embolus shedding. 16 Results: Group Y included 58 patients, and group X included 137 patients. Age, 17 stenosis length, smoking, and ≥3 transient cerebral ischemic attacks were risk factors for 18 large embolus shedding. Two cases of shed large emboli developed from stable plaques, 19 and 56 cases of large emboli developed from vulnerable plaques. When vulnerable 20 plaques were associated with more risk factors, the incidences of large embolus 21 shedding in cases with vulnerable plaques combined with 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 risk factors 22 were 44 % (4/9), 68.1% (15/22), 72.2% (13/18), 76.5% (13/17), and 84.6% (11/13), 23 respectively 24


Eddy current losses generated in the rotor of permanent magnet machines may lead to an excessive magnet heating. This can cause the magnets to get fully demagnetized so it is very important to analyze the losses on them. In high power application usually it is necessary to design solutions to reduce eddy current losses. The most common technique is the magnet segmentation. Analytical calculation of magnet eddy current losses may give some inaccuracies on the results and FEM analysis may be too time-consuming in some design steps. A new method that combines FEM and numerical calculations to evaluate the losses for different magnet segmentation is presented in this paper.


Women are twice as likely to suffer from mood disorders than men. Moreover, a growing body of evidence suggests a reciprocal modulation between sex steroids and the serotonin (5‐HT) system. A previous study from our laboratory has shown that the progesterone metabolites 5β‐pregnane‐3,20‐dione (5β‐DHP) and 5α‐pregnan‐3α‐ol,20‐one (3α,5α‐THP), as well as dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), increase the firing activity of dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) 5‐HT neurones in female rats. The present study was undertaken to assess the effects of these steroids in male rats, as well as the effects of testosterone and 17β‐oestradiol (17β‐E) in both sexes, and finally to evaluate gender differences in the modulation of the 5‐HT neuronal firing activity by these different neuroactive steroids. Male rats were treated i.c.v., for 7 days, with a dose of 50 µg/kg/day of one of the following steroids: progesterone, 5β‐DHP, 3α,5α‐THP, DHEA, testosterone, 17β‐hydroxy‐5α‐androstan‐3‐one (5α‐DHT) and 17β‐E. Some rats also received a 3‐day administration of testosterone (50 µg/kg/day, i.c.v). Females were treated in the same fashion with testosterone and 17β‐E. Extracellular unitary recordings of 5‐HT neurones, obtained in vivo in the DRN of these rats, revealed that testosterone and 17β‐E increased the firing activity of 5‐HT neurones in both males and females. In males, the effect of testosterone could already be seen after 3 days of treatment. Neither castration nor any treatment with other steroids significantly modified the firing rate of male 5‐HT neurones. Taken together with previous findings, the results of the present study indicate both similarities and differences between sexes in the modulation of 5‐HT neurones by some steroids. This could prove important in understanding gender differences in mood disorders.


Abstract The title host compounds were designed. Of these, cis-1,4-diphenylcyclohexane-1,4-diol (4) showed very high inclusion ability for alcohols and phenols, although its trans-isomer (3) showed none. By applying the selective inclusion complexation behaviour of 4, separation of isomers was accomplished. Rac-exo, exo-2,5-diphenylnorbornane-2,5-diol (9a) and rac-exo, exo-2,6-diphenylbicyclo[3.3.1]nonane-2,6-diol (11a) showed very poor inclusion ability. The optically active derivative of 11a (11b) showed none. In order to determine the reasons for the inclusion tendencies of the newly designed host compounds, molecular and crystal structures were studied by X-ray analysis.


This study proposed a new glare model for mobile display according to contents in low illumination condition. The proposed glare model is considered by stimulus size, contrast ratio, stimulus position, averaging luminance, viewing angle, and the number of stimuli. For the model, two-step subjective experiment was conducted. Based on the results, the glare model was composed by two components depending on contents; perceptual contrast and area ratio between stimulus and background. The model can be applied to a glare suppression algorithm to improve visibility and comfort from mobile display in a dark environment.


The authors gave an overview of domestic and foreign researches on the application of histochemical techniques in sports researches from such aspects as common histochemistry,enzyme histochemistry,immunohis-tochemistry,in situ hybridization histochemistry and quantitative histochemistry.With the rapid development of modern biochemistry and molecular biology,common histochemical methods used in sports researches are gradu-ally becoming obsolete and replaced by other test means that are more efficient and accurate,such as immunological methods and quantitative histochemical methods,in which advanced histochemical techniques such as flow cy-tometry technique,laser scanning confocal microscope technique and immunohistochemical electron microscope technique are ever increasingly showing their tremendous potentials for application in sports researches,and pro-viding a comprehensive,stable,reliable and accurate research platform for researches in this area.


With growing prolongation of human life, grows also need and desire for active seniors age, leisure time fulfilment and taking care of senior health. This book is a contribution of an experienced team of authors to the frequently discussed issue of active aging. Although it is written in compliance with the latest professional knowledge is not, however, intended to be a exhaustive tool but tries to bring seniors some small tips on how to deal with the problems of senior age and ideas for simple exercises that can be performed not only at home. In the instructive section is characterized the senior age and senior kinetic system (bones, joints, muscles) and its problems are highlighted. It also includes an integral social aspect that has been a little forgotten - seniors exercise with children.


Friedrich Engels (1820–1895) was Marx's closest collaborator. He was influential in promoting Marxism both during Marx's lifetime and after it. However, he is mentioned less often than Marx in geography. This editorial introduces a special issue of Human Geography on Friedrich Engels and Geography. It gives a brief overview of the key events in his life, discusses some of the geographical themes in Engels' work – especially his relevance for work in political ecology, urbanism and geopolitics – and outlines the contents of the special issue.


In this work we have, for the first time, applied the interpretation of multiple "ghost-fronts" to two synthetic coronal mass ejections (CMEs) propagating within a structured solar wind using the Heliospheric Upwind eXtrapolation time (HUXt) solar wind model. The two CMEs occurred on 2012 June 13–14 showing multiple fronts in images from Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory Heliospheric Imagers (HIs). The HUXt model is used to simulate the evolution of these CMEs across the inner heliosphere as they interacted with structured ambient solar wind. The simulations reveal that the evolution of CME shape is consistent with observations across a wide range of solar latitudes and that the manifestation of multiple "ghost-fronts" within HIs' field of view is consistent with the positions of the nose and flank of the same CME structure. This provides further confirmation that the angular separation of these features provides information on the longitudinal extent of a CME. For one of the CMEs considered in this study, both simulations and observations show that a concave shape develops within the outer CME front. We conclude that this distortion results from a latitudinal structure in the ambient solar wind speed. The work emphasizes that the shape of the CME cannot be assumed to remain a coherent geometrical shape during its propagation in the heliosphere. Our analysis demonstrates that the presence of "ghost" CME fronts can be used to infer the distortion of CMEs by ambient solar wind structure as a function of both latitude and longitude. This information has the potential to improve the forecasting of space weather events at Earth.


In this paper, we show the existence of a trace for functions of bounded variation on Riemannian manifolds with boundary. The trace, which is bounded in $L^\infty$, is reached via $L^1$-convergence and allows an integration by parts formula. We apply these results in order to show well-posedness and total variation estimates for the initial boundary value problem for a scalar conservation law on compact Riemannian manifolds with boundary in the context of functions of bounded variation via the vanishing viscosity method. The flux function is assumed to be time-dependent and divergence-free.


The corrosion resistance of duplex stainless steel welded joints is affected by different parameters such as filler metal chemical composition, heat input, shielding gas composition and post welding heat treatment temperature. In most cases such parameters interact with each other so that it is very difficult to foresee their effect on corrosion resistance of welded joints without specific experimental tests. In this work the best combination of shielding gas composition and post welding heat treatment temperature that guarantees the corrosion resistance of the joint according to ASTM A932, method C, was found. Two shielding gases were tested during welding, Ar (100%) and a mixture of Ar (87%), He (10%) and N (3%), while the solution temperatures were 1050 °C and 1070 °C. It was found that only the samples welded with the mixture of Ar (87%), He (10%), N (3%) as shielding gas and solution heat treated at 1070 °C passed the corrosion test completely.


To achieve high resolution through-the-wall radar imaging (TWRI), long wideband antenna arrays need to be considered, thus resulting in massive amounts of data. Compressive sensing (CS) techniques resolve this issue by allowing image reconstruction using much fewer measurements. The performance of different CS algorithms, when applied to TWRI, has not been investigated in a comprehensive and comparative manner. In this paper, popular CS algorithms are evaluated, to see which are most suitable for TWRI applications. As for the evaluation criteria, the notion of F1-score is adopted and used in the context of TWRI; thus emphasising the algorithms ability to reconstruct an image with correctly detected targets. Algorithms responses to different levels of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and compression rate are evaluated. Numerical results show that for systems with low SNR, alternating direction based algorithms work better than others. When the SNR is high, algorithms depending on spectral gradient-projection methods give good results even with high compression rates.


A print copy of the [full] publication is available at a price of €90.00. The publication will be freely available to download one month after publication (see http://www.esri.ie)


Abstract Monodispersed submicron TiO2 particles have been prepared from Ti(OC2H5)4solutions containing HPC, and deposited on mesa silica glass substrates to obtain particulate TiO2 film electrodes. The particle size was controlled to be 0.7, 0.3 and 0.15 μm by changing the amount of water used for alkoxide hydrolysis. The particulate film electrode with the largest particles showed the highest anodic photocurrent under white light illumination and the highest anodic UV and visible light photoresponse. Based on the results obtained, the effects of the particle size on the photoelectrochemical properties have been discussed.


Dense formate frameworks with a perovskite-like architecture exhibit multiferroic behavior and tunable mechanical properties. In such materials, interactions between the protonated amine and the metal–formate cavity have a large impact on the mechanical properties. We use complementary single-crystal X-ray diffraction and 1H solid state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to investigate amine–cavity interactions in [NH3NH2]Zn(HCOO)3. The results suggest that these interactions can be described as salt bridges similar to those in proteins and artificially synthesized helical polymers, where ionic interactions and hydrogen bonds are present at the same time. Nanoindentation and high-pressure single-crystal X-ray diffraction were used to study the mechanical properties of [NH3NH2]Zn(HCOO)3, yielding elastic moduli of E001 = 26.5 GPa and E110 = 24.6 GPa and a bulk modulus of K = 19 GPa. The mechanical properties suggest that, despite the relatively low packing density of [NH3NH2]Zn(HCOO)3, the amine–cavit...


The transcription factor Sox9, which is required to establish the chondrocyte lineage, has essential functions at several steps throughout the chondrocyte differentiation pathway. Sox9 is needed at an early step that of mesenchymal condensation. It is then needed for the overt differentiation of chondrocytes in part because Sox9 is required during chondrogenesis for expression of Sox5 and Sox6, which in turn have an essential role at this step. Sox9 also inhibits the maturation of chondrocytes into hyper-trophic chondrocytes. Finally, our experiments indicate that Sox9 is needed to establish osteochondroprogenitors. We hypothesize that at each step the mechanisms by which Sox9 exerts its function are different. Furthermore, work by other laboratories as well as ours have indicated that Sox9 also has an essential role in cell fate decisions in several other lineages, including glial cells in the central nervous system, cells in the male gonads, cells in the endocardial cushions, which are the precursors of the heart valves and septa, cranial neural crest cells. We speculate that other factors are needed for the specificity of Sox9 at each step of chond-rocyte differentiation as well as for its role in other cell lineages. We have also shown that Sox9 physically and functionally interacts with b-catenin and inhibits the transcriptional activity of b-catenin. These interactions target b-catenin for proteosome degradation. Furthermore, either overexpression of Sox9 or inac-tivation of b-catenin in chondrocytes causes a similar phenotype of dwarfism with decreased chondrocyte proliferation, and delay in hypertrophic differentiation and endochondral bone formation. In addition, either inactivation of Sox9 or abnormal stabilization of b-catenin in chondrocytes also produces a similar phenotype of severe chondrodysplasia. These results suggest that chondrogenesis is controlled by interactions between Sox9 and the Wnt/b-catenin signaling pathway. We propose that, in addition to its essential role in several steps of chondrocyte differentiation , the ability of Sox9 to control cell proliferation represents a crucial property of this differentiation factor. Skeletogenesis and bone homeostasis crucially depend on cell adhesion to the extracellular matrix (ECM) for differentiation, migration, proliferation and survival of bone and cartilage cells. In general, cell adhesion to ECM molecules such as collagens and fibronectin is largely mediated via the integrin family of transmembrane receptors. Integrin function is modulated via the recruitment of cytoplasmic plaque proteins, which form molecular complexes (platforms) at the cell-matrix attachment sites and initiate signal transduction pathways. One such a molecular platform interacting with b1 integrin includes the …


Objective: To determine the frequency of factors contributing to burnout among military Physicians in Lahore, Pakistan.
Study Design: Cross-sectional analytical study.
Place and Duration of Study: Combined Military Hospital (CMH) Lahore and CMH Lahore Medical and Dental College from March 2014 to September 2014.
Methodology: Sample consisted of 133 physicians (n=66) males and n=67 females). Convenient sampling procedure was used. Mashlach Burnout Inventory (MBI) which included 22 questions was used to measure emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and personal accomplishment. The questionnaire also elicited information about socio-demographic and work characteristics. Data was entered and analyzed by using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS version 20.0). Chi-square test of significance was used to see the significance of association between age, gender, duration of service in years and working hours per week. p value


It has long, been known that interferons exert some degree of species specificity and that s t ruchral differences exist among interferons of different species. Antisera raised against interferons from one animal species generally failed to neutralize the activity of interferons made in cells of other species.' Only much later did it become known that antigenic differences could also exist among interferons produced in different cell types of the same species. The distinct antigenic specificity of two mouse interferons was first demonstrated by Youngner and Salvin2 who found that an interferon present in the serum of sensitized mice after injection with tuberculin was not neutralized by antibodies raised against virus-induced mouse L-cell interferon. The authors named the interferon made by immune stimulation "Type 11" interferon, as opposed to conventional or "Type I" mouse interferon. More recently it was shown that human interferons made in culturesof buffy coat cells ("leukocyte" interferon) and in diploid cell strains ("fibroblast" interferon) are dissimilar in many respects. First of all, sera made against fibroblast interferon, while neutralizing the activity of homologous interferon, completely failed to neutralize leukocyte interfer~n.~.' Furthermore, the interferons present in the two types of preparations were found to differ in a number of physicochemical characterist i c ~ . ~ . ~


To realize the steady dense phase conveying of GSP gasification technology in industrial application, the factors affecting pulverized coal steady conveying were studied such as the volume of lock hopper and feeding tank valve of lock hopper, mixer, pipe line of pulverized coal,loose-components and so on. The results show that the gas flow rate in lock hopper is 900 to 1 200 m3/h under the standard condition. A bypass is added in the loose gas pipe. Purge gas is set in the discharge valve. The feeding tank is provided with a continuous material level meter. The pulverized coal pipeline in the middle is fixed. The thickness of the plate transmission element is increased by 2 to 3 mm. The metal mesh voidage is regulated at 260 μm. Thus the changing range of pulverized coal mass flow in the pulverized coal dense phase conveying system is less than 5%.


This article deals with the ways in which Borges (due to his readings and his references) personifies world literature as well as critiques it as an idea. It examines a variety of texts, from his early poetry to the 1951 lecture on the Argentinian writer and tradition to later texts. It analyses Borges's sceptical stance towards the possibility of world literature, and the different ways in which he undermines it as an idea, while at the same time describing his immense and wide erudition.


The Centro Andaluz of Havanna can be consideredas one of the most remarkable examples of the Andalucista movement out of Spain in the early twentieth century. In spite of the distance from Spain, it achieved the cooperation of the most notable Andalusian artist from its foundation, promoting the research on its artistic and scientific production, and giving diffusion in Havana in the early twentieth century.


Fetal therapy began more than half a century ago when Liley reported the first intraperitoneal transfusion for the treatment of fetal anaemia in Rhesus disease (Liley, 1963). This was to be replaced with intravascular transfusion, initially by fetoscopy and subsequently by ultrasound-guided cordocentesis. This is now a wellestablished therapy and one which was never subjected to rigorous evaluation. In this issue of Prenatal Diagnosis, we focus on fetal therapy, exploring how far it has developed since these early reports and discuss how new approaches might further change management, highlighting the need for rigorous evaluation of any new technology prior to clinical implementation. The widespread use of ultrasound scanning in the 1980s and the prenatal detection of fetal defects stimulated the development of a wide range of techniques for intrauterine interventions. The aim was to improve the outcome for conditions that were traditionally treated by postnatal surgery because it was thought that prenatal surgery could reduce irreversible damage to the developing organs. However, for the large part the absolute benefit in terms of improved longer term outcome for affected fetuses remains unknown. It is only in the last few decades or so that we have realised that the only way to properly assess many of these therapies is with randomised trials, which must include structured long-term follow-up to determine the true benefits and costs. A good example is the management of lower urinary tract obstruction where shunting initially seemed to improve outcome as more babies survived the neonatal period. However, most studies were small and had no control group, thus making it impossible to define any benefit resulting from the intervention and longer term follow-up was patchy and inconsistently collected (Ruano, 2011). Furthermore, because of the rarity of many of these conditions, much of this research must be multicentre and multinational, raising an issue in itself as these techniques will be concentrated in centres of excellence, thereby limiting equity of access and focussing expertise in a few centres (Ville, 2011).


A field experiment was conducted for two years at research farm of division of Agronomy at SKUASTJammuduring kharif 2015 and 2016 to assess the effect of differential substitution of nutrients throughorganics on yield, nutrient uptake and economics of basmati rice in irrigated Shivalik foothills of J&K. Thepooled data of two year study on basmati rice revealed that grain yield, straw yield and total nutrientuptake in basmati rice were significantly influenced by differential substitution of nutrients through organicsin irrigated Shiwalik foothills of J &K. Significantly higher pooled grain yield (30.38 q/ha) and straw yield(72.42 q/ha) of two year of basmati-370 were recorded with treatment 100% RDF which were foundstatistically at par with yields recorded with treatments T12, T16, T2 and T6 whereas significantly lowest grainand straw yield of basmati-370 were recorded with treatment 100 % NPK through FYM which was foundstatistically at par with treatment 100 % NPK through vermicompost and 100 % NPK through vermicompostand FYM (1:1) in grain and straw yield whereas significantly higher (75.37 kg/ha) total N uptake , total Puptake (13.13 kg/ha) and total K uptake (86.53 kg/ha) were recorded with treatment T11. Further, highestnet returns (Rs 66056/ha) and b:c ratio (3.18) in basmati-370 after two years were recorded with treatment100% NPK whereas lowest net returns (Rs 23213/ha) and b:c ratio (0.68) were recorded with treatment 100% NPK through Vermicompost in basmati rice.


Anaerobically digested cow dung was separated by centrifugation into solid residue and supernatant fractions. The solid residue had 14.99% protein on a dry weight basis. This residue has been proposed to be a high quality feed supplement. The supernatant fraction, containing a considerable amount of volatile fatty acids, was fermented anaerobically with Rhodopseudomonas capsulata under illumination. Molecular hydrogen and biomass rich in protein (61.25% true protein) were the products of the fermentation. The protein consisted of appreciable amounts of essential and sulfur amino acids as compared to soybean, egg and meat protein. Besides, an appreciably good amount of vitamin B 12 was formed in the biomass (28 μg/g dry cells). The maximum hydrogen production rate achieved was 6.34 μl/mg dry cells Etude experimentale de la fermentation par Rhodopseudomonas capsulata sous eclairement de la fraction liquide du residu de digestion anaerobie de fumier de bovin


Photonic nanowires (PWs) are simple dielectric structures for which a very efficient and broadband spontaneous emission (SE) control has a single photon featuring a record high Using time-resolved micro-photoluminescence, we investigate directly the SE of single InAs QDs embedded in GaAs PWs and demonstrate performances that fully confirm the theoretical predictions In addition, we discuss very recent results obtained on elliptical wires that ensure an efficient control of the photon polarization


After a basic structural characterisation, the performance of a metallic (FeCralloy) and a ceramic (SiC) pre-mixed fibre burner was studied in a pilot plant in order to assess their adequacy to domestic boiler applications. Data concerning NO x , CO and HC emissions as well as the flue gas temperature in the combustion chamber were collected as a function of the excess of air and the specific thermal load Q. The transition from flameless combustion (characterised by low NO x emissions) to blue-flame combustion was also analysed by direct observation of the burner surface. The advantages and disadvantages of the two types of fibre burners for a potential household applications are outlined. The FeCralloy panel could keep a flameless combustion regime at Q values (up to 800 kW/m 2 ) higher than the SiC burner (up to 600 kW/m 2 ). However at low Q values (< 450 kW/m 2 ), the ceramic panel seems to guarantee much lower CO and HC emissions than the metallic one.


This paper proposes a quantitative methodology for determining the retrofit priority of bridges based on the seismic damage risk and failure cost of structural components and whole bridges. Seismic damage risk is evaluated in the probabilistic perspectives with a simplified bridge model developed to consider various phenomena involved in the realistic seismic behaviors of girder-type bridges. Weighting factors based on the failure costs of structural components or a whole bridge are developed. Finally, the ranking index and retrofit priority of bridges are estimated from the evaluated overall damage risk and weighting factors. At this stage, the vulnerable components in need of seismic retrofit are selected accordingly. To verify the validity of the methodology Proposed in this study, the results are compared with those from the existing methodology applied in Korea. The simulated results of both methodologies show a similar trend. However, the proposed methodology is found to subdivide the retrofit priority of bridges in details because the damage possibility of vulnerable components and the weighting factors based on the failure cost are reasonably considered. Consequently, the proposed methodology can give more realistic results in determining the priority of bridges for seismic retrofit.


The purpose of the research is to increase the level of security of electronic document metadata in the face of destructive influences from authorized users (insiders). Research methods: new scientific results allowed using a combination of data integrity control method based on the «write once» method and of authentication of HMAС messages (hash-based message authentication, as well as graph theory methods. Research result: a method of cryptographic recursive 2-D control of the integrity of electronic documents metadata is proposed. The analysis of the object of the study was carried out, based on the results of which it was concluded that it is necessary to effectively protect the metadata of electronic documents processed by automated information systems of electronic document management. Developed and described a mathematical model of the proposed method, based on graph theory. The developed technical solution makes it possible to implement the functions of cryptographic recursive twodimensional control of the integrity of the metadata of electronic documents, as well as to provide the possibility of localizing modified (with signs of violation of integrity) metadata records, in conditions of destructive influences of authorized users (insiders). This, in turn, reduces the likelihood of collusion between trusted parties by introducing mutual control over the results of their actions. The proposed solution makes it possible to ensure control of the integrity of data processed by departmental automated information systems of electronic document management, where, due to the peculiarities of their construction, it is impossible to effectively use the currently popular blockchain technology.


As a possible source of the single transverse-spin asymmetry, we study the contribution from purely gluonic correlation represented by the twist-3 ``three-gluon correlation'' functions in the transversely polarized nucleon. We first define a complete set of the relevant three-gluon correlation functions, and then derive its contribution to the twist-3 single-spin-dependent cross section for the $D$-meson production in semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering, which is relevant to determine the three-gluon correlations. Our cross-section formula differs from the corresponding result in the literature, and the origin of the discrepancy is clarified.


Ultrasonic wave-assisted gas metal arc welding (U-GMAW) is a newly developed welding method. Under the action of the ultrasonic wave, the characteristics of the welding arc make an obvious change. Compared with the conventional GMAW arc, the U-GMAW arc is more contracted and becomes brighter, and its length is decreased. The arc length varies wavelike with the height of the ultrasonic radiator. The reason is that the amplitude of the stationary ultrasonic wave pressure varies with the phase difference between the incident wave and the reflected wave. Under the same conditions, the ultrasonic energy and the contraction degree of the arc are enhanced with the increase in the diameter of the ultrasonic radiator and the ultrasonic vibration amplitude. In addition, the arc length in both GMAW and U-GMAW increases with increasing voltage. But at the same voltage, the arc length in U-GMAW is shorter than with GMAW, and the difference increases with the increasing voltage. For U-GMAW, the unit increase in arc length with increased voltage is only about one-third that of conventional GMAW.


Abstract Cross-border cooperation in Europe has evolved through a series of bottom-up initiatives, undertaken, since the late 50s, by many local and regional authorities at the European Community internal borders. These initiatives have led to the creation of over 130 Euroregions, with a large variety of organizational structures and operational strengths. The development of EU regional policy, especially in connection with the Eastern enlargement, has encouraged Member States and EU institutions to create a common institutional framework under EU law. This was done with Regulation 1082/2006 that established the EGTC. In this article we look first of all to the new possibilities that the EGTC may offer to the Euroregions, but also to the limits of that legal instrument. Hence we analyze three relevant general dimensions: the nature of EGTC identity (polycentric vs. monocentric); the size of the EGTC cross-border areas (small vs. big size; regional vs. local partners); and the functions of the EGTC (strategic and/or implementative functions). Then we discuss the possible transformation of the Alps-Adriatic Working Community, a loose structure created in 1978 in a very different socio-economic context, in an EGTC, looking in particular at the national enforcement provisions of the EGTC Regulation in Italy, Austria and Slovenia and their respective advantages and disadvantages.


The extraction of trace amount of 24 4 Cm by HBTMPDTP from NaNO 3-HNO 3 solution is studied. The distribution ratios of 244 Cm vary with stirring time, ion intensity, pH value of equilibrated aqueous phase, concentration of HBTMPDTP and temperature. The equation of extraction is obtained and the following parameters are calculated: equilibrium constant K ex =10 -7.84±0.09 ,extraction enthalpy Δ H 0=17.4 kJ/mol and extraction entropy Δ S 0=-95.2 (J·mol)/K.


In this paper, we report the high-performance plasmonic terahertz (THz) detector based on antenna-coupled asymmetric nano-CMOS structure. For maximizing performance enhancement by nano-CMOS technology, asymmetric MOSFET is newly designed on a self-aligned gate structure and vertically-integrated patch antenna in 65-nm CMOS technology. Finally, we obtained the highly enhanced detection performance with responsivity (Rv) of 1.5 kV/W and noise-equivalent-power (NEP) of 15 pW/Hz05 at 0.2 THz.


Abstract Ocean waves continuously disturb every vessel resulting in horizontal and vertical motions. Especially the vertical motion has a significant effect on certain marine applications like subsea lifting operations. Subsea lifts are required for underwater installations on the seabed. Since such operations are normally performed from vessels using offshore cranes, the vertical vessel motion results in excessive dynamic loads acting on the crane structure. Furthermore, an accurate positioning of the load on the seabed is nearly impossible during harsh sea conditions. To avoid these problems active heave compensation systems can be used. These systems actively compensate for the vessel's vertical motion and therefore reduce the dynamic loads acting on the crane structure and enable precise positioning of the load. However, active heave compensation systems always require the knowledge about a vessel's heave motion. This article presents an observer based method to estimate the heave motion of a vessel from accelerometer signals without requiring any vessel specific parameters. The observer model is formulated by a sum of periodic components that approximate the heave motion of a vessel. The parameters of these components are identified online. The identified model is used with an extended Kalman filter to estimate the heave motion with high accuracy. The proposed method is evaluated with simulation and measurement results from an experimental setup.


The decrypt method to the knapsack public-key cryptosystem,differing from the general statistical analysis method,mainly uses the super-accessibility of the public-key or encrypted-key to directly find out the private-key through deciphering public-key,so as to realize the purpose of decrypting cipher texts.


The subfamily Scarabaeinae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) may have originated in Gondwanaland, through Mesozoic vicariance or dispersal in association with dinosaur dung, or, through Cenozoic dispersal in association with mammal dung. We review evidence from age-calibrated phylogenies, fossil records, biogeographical patterns, and ecological associations. Fossil calibrated phylogenies for Scarabaeoidea predict Cretaceous origin for Scarabaeinae although age estimates would rely on other scarabaeoid groups given doubtful validity of Mesozoic "scarabaeine" fossils. Molecular clock calibrated phylogenies for Scarabaeinae predict early Cenozoic origin coeval with modern mammal diversification. Trace fossil evidence suggests exploitation of dinosaur dung by fossorial insects although scarabaeine fossils are only validated for the Cenozoic. Although we discuss fossil evidence for dinosaur dung as a faunal resource, origin of modern scarabaeines from an earlier Mesozoic vicariant or dispersal fauna remains unsupported. Although clockconstrained, phylogram topography is consistent with early Cenozoic palaeoclimatic and palaeoecological events, Eocene marine barriers would demand dispersal to explain distributional origins of Scarabaeinae. Inconsistencies between classification and phylogeny complicate biogeographical analysis but earlier southern radiation of basally-derived tribes has probably been followed by later diversification and global dispersal of both basally and terminally-derived taxa, primarily via restored land links. INTRODUCTION Questions on evolutionary origins of dung beetles in the subfamily Scarabaeinae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) have focused on evidence from food specialization (Scholtz & Chown, 1995), fossil records (Chin & Gill, 1996; Krell, 2000), spatial distribution patterns (Davis, Scholtz & Philips, 2002; Davis, 2009), and temporal frameworks derived from classification (Cambefort, 1991a) or morphological (Philips, Pretorius & Scholtz, 2004; Tarasov & Génier, 2015) and molecular phylogenies (Monaghan et al., 2007; Sole & Scholtz, 2010; Ahrens, Schwarzer & Vogler, 2014; Gunter et al., 2016). Two evolutionary biogeographical hypotheses have resulted. Different studies support spatio-temporal origins in Mesozoic vicariance, Mesozoic dispersal or Cenozoic dispersal with trophic origins on dinosaur or mammal dung. The present review examines the merits of hypotheses with regard to trophic, spatial, temporal and fossil evidence. Food specialization has led to dominance of dung-feeding and has clearly played an important role in driving evolution of the subfamily. Early opinion considered scarabaeine beetles to be established (Halffter, 1972) and associated with dinosaurs (Jeannel, 1942) by the mid to late Mesozoic. However, there is only limited fossil evidence for exploitation of dinosaur dung by a fossorial Cretaceous fauna (Chin & Gill, 1996). Whilst some have considered such associations not unlikely for scarabaeines (Davis et al., 2002, Gunter et al., 2016) others have viewed them as questionable (Arillo & Ortuño, 2008; Davis, 2009). As association with mammal dung dominates in the extant scarabaeine fauna, Cambefort (1991b) considers that dung beetle specialization was driven by co-evolution with early Cenozoic diversification of modern mammals (Halliday & Goswami, 2016). However, accurate determination of scarabaeine temporal origins is required to ascertain the most likely historical drivers of subfamily food associations. Several methods have been used to determine temporal origins of Scarabaeinae. Based on plesiomorphic versus apomorphic characterization, Cambefort (1991a) used the classification system to divide the subfamily into old, intermediate and modern tribes. A subsequent global morphological phylogeny (Philips et al., 2004) supported the old, basal derivation of some tribes (Canthonini and Dichotomiini) and added one other (Coprini). It also suggested polyphyly in basally-derived tribes and monophyly in the remaining, nine, terminally-derived tribes. A subsequent global molecular phylogeny (Monaghan et al., 2007) emphasized extensive polyphyly in three basally-derived tribes but suggested paraphyly in the most-diversified of the


Lacan (1966/2001) indicates the presence of an industrial organization, external to the health field, as a supplier of scientific and technological subsidies, whose incidence generates the problematic that is constructed with the introduction of measures of quantitative control of therapeutic efficacy. Efficacy measurement models, when indicating the constant statistics to be verified in a scientific research process, call for the evidence of success as an indispensable condition and this organization will require a certain productivity of the workers of the area. In order to question the resonance of such efficacy requirements over clinical practice in the hospital setting, it is maintained that the indexes of care practice correspond to what stands out as an effective device. Thus, it is fomented the discussion about how the place of psychoanalysis in the hospital 1 Professor Adjunto do Instituto de Psicologia da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Contato: firstname.lastname@example.com. 252 Rev. SBPH, vol. 22 no. spe, Rio de Janeiro – Jun. – 2019


This paper studies pentachlorophenol(PCP) and its sodium salt.The region of interest is Jintan area in Jiangsu province where PCP has been used as pesticide against oncomelania for a long time.A dynamic multimedia fugacity model has been constructed to model the environmental behavior of PCP in the area between 1959 and 2003 and the concentrations of PCP in environmental medium were calculated.For 1993,the results were compared with the monitoring data.The PCP concentrations in air,water,soil and sediment are 1.03×10-4 ng/m3,0.58 μg/L,1.37 μg/kg and 4.91 μg/kg respectively,and the orders are the same as those from monitoring data,while the PCP concentrations in vegetation(19.2 μg/kg) are one to two orders higher.Through uncertainty analyses,the influence of uncertainties of input parameters on model results has been studied.


Cable dome is a new style of space structure developed by Geiger on the basis of Fuller's tensegrity theory.Unlike the traditional method,the analysis of construction process of this structure is the key problem.A new method of inverse analysis is provided in this paper to give out the parameters of ideal status in each step of construction,including internal forces and the coordinates of points.Program has been developed and two numerical examples are given in detail.The results show that this method is clear in conception and convenient in calculation.It can be used in engineering practice very well and can meet the needs of engineering.


Illumination of the scene is crucial in order the detection algorithm to carry out the computation task correctly. In this study, an LED based luminaire is developed for a computer vision system for the detection and tracking of pedestrian or human body in a video under different illumination. The illumination is provided using an LED lighting system where the intensity of illumination can be varied by changing the duty cycle of the pulse activating the LEDs. The mean of ambient light intensities captured by the image sensor is captured under different lighting conditions which will be useful in designing a control system that consider the amount of ambient lighting to set the setting of LED lighting activation. This adaptive system is useful to provide illumination that take into consideration ambient light intensities.


A series of 54 resected primary non‐small‐cell lung carcinomas was analyzed for p53 gene mutations and for p53 protein accumulation and the findings were correlated with clinical parameters. Mutations in exons 5 through 8 of the p53 gene were identified by a denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) assay and cycle sequencing, whereas p53 protein accumulation was detected in paraffin‐embedded tissue by immunostaining using 2 different murine monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) (BP53‐12 and DO7). A p53 gene mutation and/or p53 protein accumulation was found in 37 of 54 tumors. Mis‐sense mutations were closely associated with positive immunostaining, which was intense in 15 out of 17 cases with a mutation. In 10 tumors, obvious p53 accumulation was detected in the absence of mutations in exons 5 through 8. Conversely, only one of 8 p53 non‐sense mutations led to detectable p53 accumulation. The most frequent single base changes were G → T transversions and C → T transitions. The presence of a p53 alteration was not related to age, tumor size, stage or histology. However, we found a significant inverse correlation between p53 alterations and the presence of a K‐ras mutation. This was reflected in the overall postoperative survival data: patients with p53 alterations in their tumors tended to have a better prognosis than those without a p53 alteration; however, this difference was lost when cases with a K‐ras mutation were omitted from the analysis. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


Abstract Five species of the genus Xylaria are recognized on Malaysia materials: X. hypoxylon (L. FR.) Grev., X. allantoidea (Berk.) Fr., X. cubensis (Mont.) Fr., X. curta Fr and X. grammica (Mont.) Fr. The collection of Xylaria allantoidea from Malaysia is compared to the collection from Taiwan in morphological characters. The species are described their the host and cultural characteristics by a bright microscope and a scanning electron microscope.


Effect of fiber length on the elastic modulus of the random sheet was investigated. According to the finite-fiber-length model, the elastic property of the sheet in a lower sheet density range obviously depends on length of the composed fibers. However, a plot of the experimental values of the elastic modulus of the sheets made of fibers with different average length against sheet density did not support the tendency predicted by the model. Fiber length was found not to be a crucial factor affecting the elastic modulus. The shape of fibers in a sheet is neither vertically nor horizontally straight, because they are tightly packed in the sheet with many fibers. The results obtained in this study may suggest limitations of the finite-fiber-length model in application to an actual paper sheet.


: Images and graphics are among the most important media formats for human communication and they provide a rich amount of information for people to understand the world. In many areas of commerce, government, academia, and hospitals, large collections of digital images are being created. Many of these collections are the product of digitizing existing collections of analogue photographs, diagrams, drawings, paintings, and prints. Usually, the only way of searching these collections was by keyword indexing, or simply by browsing. Traditional text based methods are proven to be insufficient for retrieval of images from the large image data base. To overcome the drawbacks of text-based image retrieval, images are retrieved with the help of contents present in that image (i.e using the low-level features of an image such as Color, Shape and Texture). Among these three features texture plays an important role in many image retrieval systems such as surface inspection, scene classification, and surface orientation and shape determination. In this paper, we are proposing an adaptive approach to extract the texture feature from a given image for an effective retrieval process of images from large image databases. The previous systems are having some limitations of its own, now we want to propose a method in such a way that it can be overcome almost all disadvantages of existing systems. The experiment is conducted on 5000+ images of 45 different categories from COREL image database. The experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed approach and in comparisons with other work, it is shown that our approach more effective than the previous works.


A study of the elastic configuration of the pulmonary trunk was undertaken in 443 normal autopsy cases, ranging in ages from the second month of intrauterine life to 96 years. It has been shown that during the whole of fetal life the elastic configuration of the pulmonary trunk is similar to that observed in the ascending aorta. The "aortic" configuration of the pulmonary trunk, which is characterized by a great content of long elastic fibers, was observed in the first trimester of life, especially in the 29 days that follow birth. Two models of the "transitional" configuration have been distinguished. The "transitional-A" model is characterized by a marked fragmentation of the elastic fibers. This elastic pattern has been found between 25 days and 3 years. In the "transitional-B" model most of the fibers are partially disintegrated but not fragmented. Cases with this characteristic were found from 1 month to 9 years. The "adult" type of pulmonary configuration, which exhibits a poor content in elastic ti...


In practical activities of the Ukrainian bureau of forensic we increasingly come across cases of nonfatal air gun injuries. However, experts lack a common methodological approaches for forensic evaluation of injuries, particularly during the examination of living people. An earlier analysis of nonfatal air gun injuries made on materials of only two regional bureau of forensic medical examination, a purely local nature used on a small number of cases using some general parameters can provide processing methodology study of air gun injuries and practical recommendations for the implementation of forensic medical examinations. 127 cases of «Expert's conclusions» and «Acts of the forensic examination» were investigated, taken from 21 bureaus all regions of Ukraine during the period of 2006-2015, in which was performed forensic medical examinations in cases nonfatal air guns injuries.Discussion. The main causes of nonfatal air gun injuries are named as hooliganism, domestic conflicts, careless handling of weapons and robbery. Among the injured men is 86 %, women – 14 %. Injuries made mostly of air pistols and rifles, caliber 4.5mm. Among the weapons 8 models applied rifles large and extra large capacity. Most commonlywounded parts were head (38 %), chest (17,3 %) and lower limbs (16 %), less common – upper limbs (10,2 %) and neck (3,9 %). Input air gun injuries are mainly wounds (74 %), sometimes abrasions (23 %) and bruising (3 %). The nature and volume air gun injuries primarily dependent on the power of the applied weapon and the affected areas of the body, penetrating wounds from shots of powerful guns are accompanied by injuries of the brain and spinal cord, internal organsof the chest and abdomen bleedings, fractures of the skull, vertebrae, ribs and scapula; of shots from pistols and rifles low penetrating injuries were observed only in the cranial cavity, mostly after bullet passing an eyeball.Conclusions:1. The main causes of nonfatal air gun shot trauma were hooliganism, domestic violence, accidents and robberies. Among the casualties men is 86 %, women – 14 %.2. Injuries made mostly of air pistols and rifles, caliber 4.5mm including extra large power rifles.3. Most cases provided head, chest and lower limbs wounds, fewer cases of upper limbs and neck injuries were observed.4. High and extra large power rifles more caused penetrating air gunshot wounds of major body cavities with injury to the brain and spinal cord, internal organs with hemorrhages and bone fractures. Pistols and low power rifles caused penetrating injuries only in the cranial cavity, commonly after passing projectile eyeball.5. The majority of wounds are defined as minor injuries. Injuries of moderate severity made up only 2%. Serious injuries attributed to 13% according hazard to life and complete loss of sight.