OBJECTIVE To develop a specific and accurate reversed-phase HPLC-UV method for simultaneous determination of fenofibrate(FEF) and its metabolite fenofibric acid(FEFA) in rats plasma and lymph fluid,then the method was applied in the study of intestinal lymphatic transport of fenofibate in rats.METHODS The intestinal mesenteric lymph duct and jugular vein of unconscious rats was cannulated for collecting blood and lymph fluid after intraduodenal adminstration of a single dose of 30 mg·kg-1 fenofibrate suspension.Plasma and lymph fluid samples were pretreated by protein precipitant containing internal standard naproxen and then analysed by the validated HPLC method.The analytical column was a Calesil ODS(4.6 mm×150 mm,5 μm).The mobile phase was composed of methanol and 0.4% phosphoric acid solution(pH 3.2)(82∶18).The flow rate was 1.0 mL·min-1.The wavelength of UV-detector was set at 286 nm.RESULTS The retention time of FEFA,FEF and IS were 4.25,9.15 and 3.3 min,respectively.The calibration curves showed good linear regression in the range of 0.2-50 and 0.1-25 μg·mL-1(r0.999) for plasma and lymph fluid samples.Intra-and inter-day variations were less than 9%,accuracy was 95%-110%,and extraction recovery was more than 84%.Both FEFA and FEF were detected in lymph fluid samples,while in plasma only FEFA was found.The values of ρmaxin plasma and lymph fluid samples were(13.29±2.17),(4.35±0.97),and(0.51±0.13) μg·mL-1,respectively and tmax were(5.67±2.08),(4.75±0.96),and(3.75±1.26) h,respectively.CONCLUSION The established and validated RP-HPLC-UV method is simple,sensitive and accurate for simultaneous determination FEF and FEFA in rats plasma and lymph fluid.The absorbed fenofibrate can be partially transported through mesenteric lymphatic routes into systemic circulation in rats.


Globalisation and democracy. The counter-example of Tunisia. On December 2nd, 2003, during a conversation with Zine el Abidine Ben Ali at the presidential palace overlooking the hills of Carthage, Colin Powel declared « Tunisia has already done so much that its people are waiting for even more in terms of political reforms and a more open society (...). I have encouraged the Tunisian leaders to continue this process political reform and economic change ». This process bas become the main line of the United States ; American politics are aimed at harmonizing liberal globalization and worldwide democracy : democracy and economic liberalization must therefore march in step. However, this assumed harmony is far from self-evident. In Tunisia, this hypothesis hasn't been proven, to say the least. The progress of the integration of Tunisia into the global market and « globalization » seems, on the contrary, to go hand in hand with the reinforcement of the coercive measures and the political exploitation of the population, including the wealthiest classes, who are the principal beneficiaries of the new policies.


Objects of chemical industry are characterized by the control Influence of material flows expenditure in automated regulation systems. The main disadvantage of expenditure as control influence is technological limitations, which can not create the necessary quality of the automated regulation systems. The article is devoted to the creation of the automated regulation systems with multiple control inputs. The different structures with several automated regulation systems control influence are shown.


To evaluate how to inform patients with advanced colorectal cancer, a questionnaire was issued about informed consent to patients and their families. During the first period (Sep. 1993.-Dec. 1994), the family was consulted about disclosing information about the disease as well as the prognosis to the patient before the patient was told the truth. Only when the family approved of telling the truth, the patient was informed of his disease, prognosis, follow-up studies, and so on. When the questionnaire was carried out in January 1995, one of the 12 patients answered that he would not have been given the complete information. Because it was considered that the desires of the patients themselves should be most important, in the second period (May 1995-Jan. 1996), the patients were asked whether or not they wanted to hear about the disease, the condition, and the prognosis. During the period when the truth was told only to the patients, those who had the wish to hear the truth were informed. According to this method, both patients and families are satisfied with this way of disclosing information about cancer. We must respect the right of patients to know the truth and not to know the truth. In this study, one of the authors (Kobayashi) informed to the patients and their families, and the co-authors did the operations jointly.


Corporations focus on web based education to train their employees ever more than before. Unlike traditional learning environments, web based education applications store large amount of data. This growing availability of data stimulated the emergence of a new field called educational data mining. In this study, the classification method is implemented on a data that is obtained from a company which uses web based education to train their employees. Our aim is to find out the most critical factors that influence the users' success. For the classification of the data, two decision tree algorithms, CART and QUEST are applied. According to the results, assurance of a certificate at the end of the training is found to be the most critical factor that influences the users' success. Position, number of work years and the education level of the user, are also found as important factors.


We attempted to analyze the effects of cisplatin and exogenous hydrogen on the invasion and proliferation of human osteosarcoma cells through EGFR/P13K/Akt signaling pathway. The effects of exogenous hydrogen sulfide and cisplatin on the invasion, apoptosis and proliferation of MG-63
 cells were detected by transwell chamber invasion experiment, flow cytometry and CCK-8 method. After 24 and 48 hours of drug action, the inhibition rate of cell proliferation was significantly higher than in the combined treatment. The number of cells decreased significantly, compared with
 the control group. Western blotting and qRT-PCR showed that the expression of Akt mRNA in MG-63 cells treated with cisplatin+hydrogen sulfide at different concentrations for 48 hours decreased. The expression of Akt, P13K and EGFR were decreased Flow cytometry analysis showed that after the
 drug treatment of MG-63 cells, the S phase of cisplatin and cisplatin+exogenous hydrogen concentrations with different prolonged concentrations was significantly shortened phase and the G0/G1 was significantly, and the apoptosis rate of each group was significantly increased. Cisplatin and
 exogenous hydrogen sulfide can synergistically inhibit the proliferation and invasion of human osteosarcoma MG-63 cells, and regulate the apoptosis mechanism of MG-63 cells through EGFR/P13K/Akt signaling pathway.


Malaysia is in the process of becoming an industrialised nation. The transformation from being a predominantly agriculture-based to industry-based economy in a rapidly changing world requires a large pool of competent engineers. This has sparked great interest amongst local educators and various stakeholders in the role of EE. A review and revamp of EE has been called for. The purpose of this paper is to help interested parties understand the EE system, the role, challenges and future of EE in Malaysia. This paper reviews the history and philosophy of EE in Malaysia, and thus provides a basic understanding of the tertiary EE system. It also compares and contrasts the past, present and future trends between Malaysian and the global EE. 1.0 Introduction Engineers play a very important role in transforming a traditionally agriculture-based country, such as Malaysia into a fully-industrialised country. As the world undergoes changes in all major aspects of life, the challenges engineers of the future will face also change. The attributes of engineers that will be needed are quite different from what they used to be. To produce engineers with the required attributes, it is vital to look into EE. This paper presents the history and present scenario of EE in Malaysia. It describes pre-tertiary, pre- university and tertiary EE and the philosophy of EE, which determines the purpose, process, nature, and ideals of EE in Malaysia. The role of EE, current trends, and future challenges of EE are also presented. 2.0 History and Present Scenario of EE in Malaysia Education in Malaysia is under the responsibility of the Federal Government of Malaysia. The national education policy in the country has been designed to support the country's aspiration to be an industrialised nation by 2020. Thus, one of the goals of the education system is to ensure the development of a highly educated, highly skilled and strongly motivated workforce to fulfill the needs of the nation. The education system in Malaysia comprises pre-school, primary school, secondary school, pre- university education and tertiary education. The primary school and the secondary school form the pre- tertiary education. The pre-university education consists of Form Six (one and half year programme) and matriculation (one or two year programme). Both the pre-tertiary and the pre-university educations are under the responsibility of the Ministry of Education (MOE) whereas the tertiary education is under the responsibility of the Ministry of Higher Education (MOHE) (1). Educational policies and priorities in Malaysia are systematically linked to the national development plans. Thus, MOE and MOHE are committed to provide education and training services that are in line with the major thrusts in the Five Year Development Plans (also known as Malaysia Plan). Now Malaysia is in the 9 th Malaysia Plan for the period


The step‐edge structures of the Si (001) and (111) surfaces roughened by heating at 1300 °C were studied utilizing the scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STS). The bunches of 7–8 double layer steps and the 200–300 A wide terraces were observed on the Si (111) surface. An unexpected finding is the interminglement of single and double atomic layer steps on the vicinal Si (001) surfaces tilted to any orientation. The double layer steps split into two single layer steps at the kink sites of the step edge. The dimer rows on the lower terraces shift in the direction of the rotation of the vicinal surface around the normal axis of the surface. The tunneling spectra at the single step exhibits several peaks at the sample bias voltages 0.6, −0.6, −1.4, −1.7, −2.1, and −2.4 V. The peaks at −1.4 and −1.7 V are found to be particularly sharp and high at the step edge.


Background Despite the direct viral activity, the pathogenesis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) includes an overproduction of cytokines including interleukin 6 (IL-6). Therefore tocilizumab (TCZ), a monoclonal antibody against IL-6 receptors, became considered as a possible therapeutic option. Methods Patients were selected from the SARSTer national database, which included 2332 individuals with COVID-19 and the current study included 825 adult patients with moderate to severe course. The retrospective analysis was performed in 170 patients treated with TCZ and 655 without this medication or any other anti-cytokine therapy. The end-points of treatment effectiveness were a rate of death, need for mechanical ventilation, and clinical improvement. Results Patients treated with TCZ were balanced compared to non-TCZ regarding gender, age, BMI, and prevalence of coexisting conditions. The reduced death rate was demonstrated in patients treated with TCZ and baseline IL-6 >100 pg/ml (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.27, 95% confidence interval [CI]:0.10-0.78), or those needing oxygen supplementations who worsened within 7 days of hospitalization (HR: 0.38, 95% CI:0.16-0.88). The best effectiveness of TCZ was achieved in patients with a combination of baseline IL-6>100 pg/ml and either SpO2[≤]90% (HR for death, mechanical ventilation, and clinical improvement after 21 or 28 days: 0.07, 0.14, 5.53, 5.18 respectively) or requiring oxygen supplementation (HR for death and clinical improvement after 21 or 28 days, 0.18, 2.66, 2.85 respectively). Conclusions Tocilizumab administered for COVID-19 in patients with a baseline concentration of IL-6>100 pg/ml is associated with reduced mortality and faster clinical improvement, particularly if there is a need for oxygen supplementation due to SpO2[≤]90%.


Objective:To observe the effect and toxicity of dichoromethylene bisphophonate produced by MingXing pharmaceutical factory(trade name:Dewei)in treating bone metastases and hypercalcinemia,which was compared with the same drug produced by foreign pharmaceutical company(trade name:Bonefos). Methods:All enrolled patients were assigned to experimental group and control group.Eighty one patients of experiment group were treated by Dewei and ninety seven cases of control group were treated by Bonefos.Two groups have same dose and directions of drug of treatment. Results:The effective rates of pain relieved in experimental group and control group were 74 1%and 74 2%,respectively.The means of calciumions in blood of the two groups after treatment were decreased as compared to pretreatment.The toxicity of two groups was similar and tolerable. Conclusions:Dewei has good effect on painful bone metastases and hyercalcinemia.The effect is as good as Bonefos.The toxicity of Dewei and Bonefos are similar and tolerable.


This system uses temperature sensor DS18B20, Bluetooth module HC-05, microcontroller STM32f103ZET6, LCD display with 8080 port, RTC clock and alarm circuit to achieve portable temperature measurement rapidly. It can accurately measure the temperature and the deviation is kept within 0.5 degrees. The collected temperature data and the current time are displayed on the display screen. Send the collected temperature data at regular time and receive by APP mobile phone. When users want to get temperature data remotely on their phones, press the send button on the touch screen, press the up button and send the "wendu#" command to the cell phone APP to get the temperature data collected. When the temperature is over 37∘C, the four LED lights will always be on and LCD will show "Temperature is too high, please pay attention!" This design can not only realize the function of temperature measurement simply, but also optimize the display interface, modify the system time on the display interface to achieve the humanized function, which is convenient for daily portable use.


Remedial education is compulsory for students who have insufficient  reading, writing and mathematical skills statutory for more advanced courses in the curriculum. Scholars argue that enrolling in remedial courses stigmatizes students and discourages them by compromising the continuity of their academic time line. Therefore, a careful and thorough investigation of the curriculum structure is necessary. This paper deals with the detection of crucial subjects in the curriculum using the network approach. From the list of courses offered in UP Diliman (BS Physics (P–BS), BS Applied Physics (AP–BS), BS Physics–MS–PhD (P-BSMSPhD) and BS Applied Physics–MS-PhD (AP-BSMSPhD)), we construct a float time network to detect node criticalities. P–BS has more crucial nodes than AP–BS. Criticalities desaturate across the merged undergraduate-graduate curricula (P-BSMSPhD and AP-BSMSPhD), this time rendering PhD dissertations critical. We also classify AP–BS curriculum as a combination of random and scale–free network.


Cyberwar examines the ways in which Russian interventions not only affected the behaviors of key players but altered the 2016 presidential campaign's media and social media landscape. After laying out a theory of influence that explains how Russian activities could have produced effects, Jamieson documents the hackers and trolls' influence on the topics in the news, the questions in the presidential debates, and the social media stream. Drawing on her analysis of messages crafted and amplified by Russian operatives, changes that Russian-hacked content elicited in news and the debates, the scholarly work of other researchers, and Annenberg surveys, she concludes that it is plausible to believe that Russian machinations helped elect Donald J. Trump the 45th president of the United States.


This paper describes the effect of PYTHIA8 tunes on event simulation of $e^+e^-$ collisions with center-of-mass (CM) energies of 380 GeV and 3 TeV at the proposed CLIC collider. Event shapes, such as thrust, thrust major, thrust minor, oblateness, as well as particle multiplicities have been analyzed and relative differences with respect to the default PYTHIA8 tune were determined. The effect of tunes on top-mass reconstruction in the resolved and boosted regimes was analyzed. No statistically significant variation for reconstructed top masses using invariant masses of three jets was found for events with a CM energy of 380 GeV. For the fully boosted top reconstruction at a CM energy of 3 TeV, a significant shift in reconstructed top mass of about 700 MeV for the "Montull" tune was observed. This shift correlates with an increase in particle multiplicity compared to all other PYTHIA8 tunes.


The invention provides a method and device for shooting a panorama and an electronic device. The method includes the following steps: rotating a shooting device in a first direction, and simultaneously detecting rotating angles of the shooting device; recording the rotating angles of the shooting device in the first direction and controlling the shooting device to shoot a plurality of first images whenever the rotating angles exceed a preset threshold; and when the shooting device finishes rotating in the first direction, splicing the plurality of shot first images according to the recorded rotating angles in the first direction so as to generate the panorama in the first direction. According to the embodiment of the method, panorama combination is conducted on a plurality of images by recording the rotating angles through the shooting device, a precise panorama can be obtained without a complex combining algorithm, combining efficiency of the panorama is improved, and a scene image of different rotating angles can be shot through a single shooting device. The cost is low, operation is simple and easy to conduct, and user experience is improved.


Highly efficient catalytic enantioselective conjugate addition reactions of 3-fluorooxindoles to activated vinyl sulfone (II) is achieved using a binaphthyl-modified bifunctional urea catalyst bearing both central and axial chiral elements.


In order to improve the application scope and efficiency of silica aerogel and overcome the shortage in preparation techniques of silica aerogel microspheres,silica aerogel microspheres whose diameter is 2~1500μm are obtained from water glass by using the stirring technology in a single oil phase,and the effects of preparing conditions on the particle size and the uniformity of them are investigated. The results show that the preparing conditions are interrelated and the gelling time plays a critical role. Only the stirring speed in preparing conditions has a significant influence on the particle size and all preparing conditions have no obvious effects on the uniformity when the gelling time is moderate or longer. However,the particle size and the uniformity are affected by all preparing conditions when the gelling time is shorter.


This study evaluates the ability of several Regional Climate Models (RCMs) to simulate rainfall patterns in the South Caucasus region. In total, 8 RCM simulations were assessed against the CRU observational database over different domains, among them two from the Coordinated Regional Climate Downscaling Experiment (CORDEX). Seasonal climatology, annual rainfall cycles and interannual variability in RCM outputs were estimated for 8 homogeneous sub-regions against several observational datasets. Different metrics covering from monthly and seasonal to annual time scales are analyzed over the region of interest. The results confirm the distinct capabilities of climate models in capturing the local features of the climatic conditions of the South Caucasus region. At the same time, the analysis shows significant deviations in individual models depending on the sub-region and season; however, the ensemble mean is in better agreement with observations than individual models. Overall, the analysis presented here demonstrates that, the multi-model ensemble mean adequately simulates rainfall in the South Caucasus and, therefore, it can be used to assess future climate predictions for the region. This work promotes the selection of RCM runs with reasonable performance in the South Caucasus region, from which, for the first time, a high-resolution bias-adjusted climate database can be generated for future risk assessment and impact studies.


Background and aim: The health condition of nurses as caregivers influences the quality of care received by patients. To reach the maximum performance, nurses themselves need be health. Nurses, because of the nature of their career confront many types of stresses in their work environment and they are among people that are prone sleep disorder because of working in morning, evening, night and especially, rotation shifts. The aim of this study is comparison of the general health and sleep quality of nurses in two groups of without shift and with shift working in IUMS- 2006. Methods: It was a descriptive - analytical study. The setting was hospitals affiliated to IUMS. Five hundreds and twenty nurses were recruited using stratified random sampling. To survey the general health and sleep quality of nurses General Health Questionnaire - 28 and Pitsberg Sleep Quality Index tools were used. Results: Chi – Square test indicatod that there was a significant difference between general health of without shift and with shift workers, so that general health of without shift workers was better than rotation shift ones. The sleep quality of without shift nurses was also better than rotation shift ones (r=0.692, P<0.001). There was a direct correlation between general health state and sleep quality (P<0.001). Conclusion: Based of the finding of this study, appropriate and efficient managmant and careful planning of working shifts is suggest to reduce sleep disturbances in nurses. Promotion of nurse's quality of sleep can promote their general health and eventually promotes the quality care of patients.


In the molecule of the title compound, C38H37N3O7, the pyrrolidine ring adopts a twist conformation and the six-membered heterocyclic ring has a boat conformation. In the crystal structure, molecules are linked into a three-dimensional framework through intermolecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds. One ethyl group is disordered over two positions with occupancies 0.67 (2)/0.33 (2).


Fertility disorders have become a growing problem worldwide. It is well known that female fertility decreases with age, previous studies suggested that the age-related decline in female fertility potential was largely due to decrease in oocyte quality and mitochondrial dysfunction. Mitochondria play a crucial role during the process of oocyte maturation. Mitochondrial genetic, numerical and structural defects occur in oocyte aging process, mitochondrial abnormalities are believed to contribute to age-related infertility. Improvement of the mitochondrial function can lead to better fertility outcomes, and application of mitochondria replacement strategy or mitochondrial transfer to age-related infertility will be possible in the future. This review paper, we are trying to discuss current understanding about age-related changes in oocyte quality and mitochondrial dysfunction.


We must not confuse Kant's theory of the modal functions of judgment with a logic of the alethic modal concepts of possibility, impossibility, necessity, and contingency. Whereas not-necessary-p is possible-not-p, not apodeictically judging p is not the same äs problematically judging not-p: not apodeictically judging p may be not judging anything at all about p. Kant's modal functions are more like epistemic operators that are related to alethic modalities in rather special ways. In this paper I shall reconstruct the underlying formal logic of these functions with analytical techniques that fall under the contemporary rubric of philosophical logic. No pretension is made of providing complete formalization of Kant's theory. Nevertheless, what emerges from this study is aKantian theory of objective reference which ties the logical mechanism of reference to modal functions.


Innovation is the key factor for building a sustainable competitive advantage and becoming an industry leader. #is paper seeks to define and distinguish between the terms e-business and e-commerce. Using Apple as an example, it analyzes how e-business is integrated into
the organization and how this integration provides new opportunities for Apple. In my analysis I focus on Apple's innovation strategy and how the company has managed first to dominate the music industry with the iPod and subsequently the mobile phone industry with the iPhone.


The synthesis of a variety of title furoindole derivatives, e.g. (V) and (VIII), is presented, involving a three-component coupling of 1,3-diketones with o-halobenzaldehydes and isocyanides, followed by intramolecular Cu-catalyzed Ullmann reaction.


The issues discussed in this paper are about the restriction and growth of credit.According to the analysis of the restrict factors,the basic structure of the credit-deciding function has been built.And taking the advantage of above-mentioned function,the paper describes the equilibrium and growth mode of credit.At last,the paper points of that the growth of credit is a coordinated process in which the institution is a key factor.


Although Jack Kerouac's On the Road has earned a reputation as a seminal work which embodies the Beat generation mentality, its portrayal of women is not something that can be described as positive. In fact, the attitude towards women depicted in the novel will most likely shock the contemporary feminist reader. In this essay, I explore Kerouac's portrayal of women in On the Road, using the character of Marylou as a starting point. I will discuss several issues surrounding the portrayal of women in the novel, including the objectification and mistreatment of women by the male characters, and the assumption that females must assume a domestic role while males are free to travel.


Jean-Luc Marion's debt to Henri de Lubac is significant, particularly regarding his theology of the Eucharist. However, de Lubac's ecclesiology, I believe, can also be substantially enriched by coming into contact with the philosophical categories of Marion's thought, particularly his notion of the saturated phenomena. The purpose of this article is to explore what this enrichment would look like, and how the wedding of these minds in the field of ecclesiology offers a new contribution to contemporary thinking about the Church. The article begins with an analysis of de Lubac's rich theological thought, and then turns to Marion in order to explore the contribution of his new philosophical categories for de Lubac's theological thought.


Reaction of three 3β-hydroxy-derivatives of Westphalen's diol with lead tetra-acetate is described. The major products are the ethers 6β-acetoxy-3β,5-oxaethano-19-nor-5β-cholest-9(10)-ene (VIa), 6β-acetoxy-16,16-dibenzyl-3β,5-oxaethano-19-nor-5β-androst-9(10)-17-one (VIb), and 6β-fluoro-3β,5-oxaethano-19-nor-5β-androst-9(10)-en-17-one (VIc) in which the original 5β-methyl group has been functionalised. Oxidation of (VIa) with chromic acid gave products of attack at the 9,10-double bond and/or the allylic position 11. The reduction of (VIa) and subsequent oxidation and boron trifluoride-catalysed cleavage of the tetrahydrofuran ring is described. The configurations of certain compounds were determined from 1H n.mr. spectra data and the mass spectra of some compounds are briefly discussed.


There is no such thing as a natural death: nothing that happens to a man is ever natural, since his presence calls the world into question. All men must die: but for every man his death is an accident and, even if he knows it and consents to it, an unjustifiable violation. Simone de Beauvoir A Very Easy Death Translated by Patrick O'Brian; New York: GP Putnam's Sons; 1966 Submitted by: Mark R. Tonelli, MD University of Washington School of Medicine; Seattle, WA 98195


It is known that chromium is an inhaled carcinogen and an important risk factor in the development of lung carcinoma.


representations of networks are the subject of mathematical graph theory and Social Network Analysis (SNA, see Annex C). Mathematical graph theory is valuable for network analysis in the same way that stress analysis of steelwork is valuable in the construction of bridges and buildings. Sometimes one can get away without it, but usually the graph-theoretic work is important to the final result. All the same, just as ANNEX B – THE IST-059 FRAMEWORK FOR NETWORK VISUALISATION B 4 RTO-TR-IST-059 the stress analysis of a bridge or building tells little about how the structure will work on its site or how it will be viewed aesthetically, so the graph analysis can seldom be sufficient to provide a feeling of how the real world network works in its natural context. Considering only the network itself and ignoring its context, there is a range of possible levels of abstraction. At one end of the range, nodes have only the topological property of being vertices at which connecting links meet. At the other end are the full-blown real-world conditions in which traffic emerging from a node on one or more links may be qualitatively distinct and temporally separated from traffic entering that node over other links, and may be influenced by the effects of the context (e.g. stray capacitances for the network of connections in an integrated circuit, distracting sights or events in a social network). Real-world nodes should be treated as processors, and sometimes so should links. Intermediate levels of abstraction are possible. The mathematical representation might, for example, treat a node as emitting traffic only when a number of its input links have been active (e.g. a Petrie Net), or a link might be represented as being capable of holding a limited quantity of traffic at any one moment, or as imposing a probabilistic delay upon traffic emitted by its tail node before the traffic is delivered to its head node (as might be the case for a representation of real traffic flow over a road network). Networks in the conventional analysis of System Dynamics are at this level of abstraction. Nodes and links might be of various characters such that nodes of type A communicate only with nodes of type B. There are many possibilities at intermediate levels of abstraction. Except in the most abstract case of simple topological representation, a network as a whole should ordinarily be regarded as a processing system. Whether its processing aspects and the associated dynamics are important to the user will determine how the network should be presented or displayed. If, for example, the real network is composed of computers and their interconnections, the processing at the nodes is potentially of unlimited complexity, but the network representation may abstract only the properties of specific chunks of data relevant to particular intercommunication protocols, ignoring all the other processing that might condition the use of those protocols. So there are levels of abstraction not only in representing the global properties of real networks, but also in representing the functional properties of the elements. Most of the commonly considered properties of networks, such as centrality or cyclicity, refer to the topology of the network. In the real world, interest is often centred on the dynamical properties of the network, which may be constrained by the topology (e.g. oscillation cannot occur unless the network contains cycles), but which cannot be analyzed using only the topological level of abstraction. Another dimension in which network representation is often abstracted is the fuzzy-crisp dimension. In the real world, links vary in quality rather than either existing or being absent, but in most graph-theoretic representations, two nodes either are or are not connected by a link, which may have a weight parameter, but for which the existence is all-or-none. In the real world, what the user wants to understand from the link may well determine the quality of the connection. Two users may see the same physical structure quite differently, and this difference can potentially be captured if the inherent fuzziness of the network is not abstracted away in an attempt to achieve topological purity. B.1.4.2 Thinking about Representation: Structure When a user needs to visualise something about a network, it seldom involves the entire network. Rather, the user may want to determine something specific about it, such as "Who is probably the leader of that group?", "Where is the most vulnerable node?", "How many different routes are suitable for this kind of traffic?", "Where ANNEX B – THE IST-059 FRAMEWORK FOR NETWORK VISUALISATION RTO-TR-IST-059 B 5 are the dangerous places?", "Is the threat increasing of diminishing?", and the like. Questions of this type are, in principle, answerable by a very low bandwidth information channel. For the example questions, answers might be, respectively "Joe Smith", "AZ175", "3", "Here, here, and here (pointing to a map)", "slightly increasing". Even if the network itself is very complex, it takes very few bits of information to convey the wanted information, and it is those few bits that the user must extract from what may be a complex display of an even more complex real-world situation. The few bits that the user wants to extract by visualising a complex situation are elements of the structure of the situation. "Structure" was defined in information-theoretic terms by Garner [1], as the difference between two measures of uncertainty or entropy. The terms "uncertainty" and "entropy" are formally identical, though "uncertainty" implies that the quantity refers to something in someone's mind, whereas "entropy" implies that the quantity is a property of the physical system being quantified. Both refer to a summation of terms of the form -p log2 p where p is the probability that some element of the system would take on the value it has. When talking about "uncertainty" that probability is in the mind of the observer of the system; when talking about "entropy" it is obtained from some physical measure. For example, if a network node Q has five links to other nodes and there are 100 nodes in the whole network, the probability that node Q is connected to an arbitrary other node is 0.05 if no other information about the network is available, and the observation that it is actually connected to node T provides -log2 0.05 ≈ 4.3 bits of information. The uncertainty about the connections of Q is 4.3 bits less after the connection to T is known than it was before that observation. Alternatively, the entropy of such a network in which node Q has a fixed connection to node T is 4.3 bits less than is the entropy of a similar network in which that connection is not fixed. That 4.3 bits represents the quantitative measure of the structure induced by fixing the Q-T connection. If one thinks of "uncertainty", the structure is structure known to an observer who previously knew that Q had five connections but not where those connections led. If one thinks of "entropy" it is structure in a network in which node Q could have exactly five connections. The mathematics is the same, but the implications are different. When one is concerned with a user's ability to answer specific questions about a complex real-world situation, one must be concerned with the channels by which the necessary few bits of information are transmitted to the user, and in particular with the preservation through those channels of the structure that provides the answer to the user. The entropy of the real world is very large, much too large to be accommodated in any computer dataspace, even when allowance is made for the structures inherent in the temporal and spatial correlations among the elements of the world. Sensors select what is entered into the dataspace without reference to the user's needs of the moment (unless the user interactively guides the sensors and controls the algorithms for selection). Accordingly, the entropy of the representation in the dataspace is also very large compared with the structure of interest to the user. The display normally is of much lower entropy than is the entire dataspace, but if it is to be useful, it must contain the structure that the user wants to see in the real world. Numerically, this means that the same number of structural bits must pass through the channel real-world to dataspace to display, while the total bits implicit in the entropy of those environments is drastically reduced. In effect, the transition between stages acts as a filter, and that filter must be matched to the user's requirements. A radio filters from the airwaves one station, but the user interactively tunes to the wanted station. So likewise the user may control interactively the selection and algorithms that relate the display to the dataspace. "Tuning" implies the ability to guide the information channel to sustain the structure that will allow the user to answer the question. ANNEX B – THE IST-059 FRAMEWORK FOR NETWORK VISUALISATION B 6 RTO-TR-IST-059 The following stages are in the user's mind. The user normally will already know a lot about the real world represented in the display, and may be able to infer using prior knowledge elements of the interesting structure that have been lost on the route to the display. The visualisation, then, may be of considerably higher entropy than the display itself. From that high-entropy visualisation, the user extracts the low-entropy structure that provides (with luck) the answer to the question. The decreasing and increasing entropies at the different stages of using a visualisation to answer a question as schematized in Figure B-1 (copied from Figure 2-4). Figure B-1 (copied from Figure 2-4): Schematic Showing Changes of Entropy as the User Obtains a Small Amount of Task-Relevant Information from the Real World, by Way of Sensor Transfer to the Dataspace, Selection and Algorithmic Manipulation to Form a Disp


A method and apparatus of processing data is disclosed for recognizing unknown characters of a known char acterset based in part upon the frequency of occurrence of the characters. The method includes the steps of storing the image data of the unkown characters and then sequentially applying discrete sets of tests capable of first recognizing data and identifying characters hav ing a higher frequency of occurrence. A second stage of discriminatory tests is sequentially applied to the unrec ognized data for recognizing data and identifying char acters having a lower frequency of occurrence than the first group of characters.


The mechanical behavior of three crosslinked polyurea (PU) elastomers obtained by sol-gel chemistry under uniaxial monotonic and cyclic tests has been assessed. These elastic networks are composed of hard and soft domains, where the segmental molecular weight between crosslinking points differs among the samples and allow studying the effect of this parameter on the mechanical properties. In this paper, uniaxial tension tests were performed in order to capture the main characteristics of the stress-strain behavior of these PU elastomers, e.g., non-linear hyperelastic behavior, hysteresis, and softening. In addition, a constitutive model that properly represents their behavior was proposed showing that the non-linear stress-strain behavior at large strain values exhibits strong hysteresis and softening.


Past analysis has shown that the population dynamics of Alpine ibex Capra ibex ibex are regulated by both population density and winter snow accumulation. However, recent time series of the ibex counts in the Gran Paradiso National Park, Italy, show interesting trends in comparison with historical snow data: while the winter snow depth has steadily decreased since the beginning of the 1980s, the ibex population experienced rapid growth during the 1980s and the early 1990s, followed by a strong decrease. To explain these dynamics, we built novel age-structured population models in which demographic parameters depended on density and snow depth. They included a non-monotonic effect of snow depth and density on the vital rates, the age and sex structure of the population, and spatial segregation between females and males. Using information criteria (AICc, BIC and SRM), we selected the best models and found that: 1) snow and density interacted in determining the demography of all population sex and age classes, thus confirming that unfavourable climatic conditions intensified the density dependence of the population, 2) the effect of snow was non-monotonic on weaning success and rate of demographic variation of kids, which were maximal for intermediate snow depths, and 3) accounting for spatial segregation between sexes improved the fitting of the models, which suggests that the different use of space made by males and females influenced intraspecific competition. When the selected models were recalibrated using past data and used to simulate recent trends, they underestimated both the rapid growth of the 1980s-1990s and the recent decline of the population. Using the novel sex- and age-structured models, we found that the underestimation of the peak was mainly due to deficiencies of adult demography models, while the overestimation of the recent population abundance was caused by shortcomings in the models of recruitment.


Abstract Two chromated copper arsenate (CCA) wood-treating plants were assessed for their waste reduction practices. The objectives of this study were to estimate the amount of hazardous wastes that a well-designed and well-maintained CCA treatment facility would generate and to identify waste reduction opportunities. These practices have been reflected in several areas, including facility designs, process controls, and management practices. The facility designs included enclosed treatment buildings, covered drip pads, a drip pan, an automatic lumber handling system, power rollers, computerized chemical mixing systems, spill containments, and air ventilation systems to minimize mist or droplet emissions from cylinders and work tanks. Management practices have included pretreatment quality control, improved housekeeping, resource recovery and recycling, and operator training.


In this letter, the stability of an X band gigawatt coaxial multi-beam relativistic klystron amplifier (CMB-RKA) operating in repetitively pulsed mode was investigated by the particle-in-cell (PIC) simulation and experiments. A four-gap extended-interaction output cavity was optimized to avoid electrons reflection. And a water-cooled electron beams collector which was integrated with the output mode converter was designed to reduce the plasma and secondary electrons. The explosive emission conditions were improved by using the C–C composite material cathode, and the titanium beam-wave interaction structure was used to replace the stainless steel structure. All these factors brought greater stability of the CMB-RKA. In the experiment, the X-band CMB-RKA can operate at a 20 pps repetition rate with duration of 120 seconds, when the output power was about 0.95 GW with pulse width of 160 ns. The long-term stability of the X-band CMB-RKA performances during $10^{{5}}$ pulses was realized, which is driven by a long pulse compact accelerator.


Purpose: To study the outcomes of combined cataract extraction with pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) and metallic intraocular foreign body (IOFB) removal through a sclerocorneal tunnel using the "magnetic handshake" technique. Design: A retrospective review. Methods: Retrospective review of case records of 14 patients from 2010 to 2016 with metallic IOFB and traumatic cataract was performed. Cataract extraction was combined with PPV. Two intraocular magnets (IOMs) introduced through 20‐gauge vitrectomy port and sclerocorneal tunnel helped achieve safe delivery of IOFB outside the globe by the "magnetic handshake" technique. Results: All patients were males with a mean age of 33.04 years. A final best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of 20/60 or better was noted in 10 (71.42%) of 14 patients. Final reattachment with more than 1 surgery was achieved in 13 (92.85%) patients. Postoperative complications included retinal detachment (RD) and phthisis bulbi in 1 (14.28%) patient each. Conclusions: Combined cataract extraction with PPV and metallic IOFB removal through sclerocorneal tunnel using the "magnet handshake" technique gives good visual and surgical outcomes.


Many thanks indeed for your article by Grant Lewison et al. and for your editorial. The idea that life with advanced cancer can be prolonged at huge cost, not only financial but also in quality of life, has always seemed pointless to me, as a cancer patient myself. Grant Lewison et al. make the point that adverse events are rarely mentioned. This is still a problem even with first-line treatment, in spite of the good work done by the Cochrane Adverse Events Methods Group. The recent Cochrane Collaboration Colloquium ('Patients Included') in Edinburgh did offer a workshop on adverse events, to which I contributed, as a Cochrane 'consumer'. But we still have a long way to go before we have balanced and truthful reporting on drugs. I should like to suggest that no clinical trials should be published inmedical journals unless the authors can show that patients have been members of the Trial Steering Committee, and consulted in the drafting of the report, and also that they give a full account of adverse events. 'First do no harm' should apply to researchers as well as clinicians. It is also worth pointing out that patients are not just patients: they may have relevant skills. For instance, they may be mathematicians, and know more about statistics than most doctors; they may be editors, and capable of improving reports of trials. They can also comment on consent forms, and give insights into how it feels like to receive the intervention in question. They will not normally expect payment, except any necessary reimbursement of expenses. I suggest too that there should be two 'consumers' on medical research committees: one person alone cannot do justice to the task; one needs a 'buddy'. I had the pleasure of serving on a stroke trial steering committee (my husband had a stroke in 2007), but it would have been good to have a companion. The trial (IST-3) notes on its website: 'We have a consumer on our Steering Committee who advises us on aspects of the study which are important to the participants and their families.' I believe that some universities now make research grants conditional on whether or not consumers are involved: this seems to me to be a good move. The RSM itself looked at the subject of 'Learning together: Engaging and involving patients and the public in medical education' in a meeting on 26 November 2018, in which I had the pleasure of taking part.


The degradation of trace benzene in water was studied by using 185 nm UV light and oxidation technique.The influence of concentration of benzene,degradation time,pH value of solution,and oxidants on the degradation of benzene was investigated.The degradation products were analyzed by using GC/MS method and the degradation mechanism was presented.The results showed that the trace benzene was effectively degradated by 185 nm UV light and oxidation technique,and after treating for 3 min,the degradation efficiency of CODCr in benzene solution reached above 95% when K2S2O8 was added.


The working section of metal film capacitors is made of two pieces of polymer films covered with directly metallized electrodes. In some applications, the current densities in electrodes can reach values leading to its degradation. Thereby, the destruction of nanoscale thickness Al and Zn films by high current densities was studied at atmospheric air conditions. The current density $\sim 10^{12}\mathrm{A}/\mathrm{m}^{2}$ was found to be a threshold value leading to strata origin. This process was accompanied by propagating demetallized areas, called strata, forming across the applied electric field. Additionally, the surface flashover was shown to allow strata growth even when the sample divides into two parts as stratum reaches its edge. As a result, the current and voltage waveforms were obtained for both stages. Additionally, the breakdown channel dynamic resistances corresponding to surface flashover phase were calculated.


A new class of anisotropic diffusion models is proposed for image processing which can be viewed either as a novel kind of regularization of the classical Perona--Malik model or, as advocated by the authors, as a new independent model. The models are diffusive in nature and are characterized by the presence of both forward and backward regimes. In contrast to the Perona--Malik model, in the proposed model the backward regime is confined to a bounded region, and gradients are only allowed to grow up to a large but tunable size, thus effectively preventing indiscriminate singularity formation, i.e., staircasing. Extensive numerical experiments demonstrate that the method is a viable denoising/deblurring tool. The method is significantly faster than competing state-of-the-art methods and appears to be particularly effective for simultaneous denoising and deblurring. An application to satellite image enhancement is also presented.


radioactivity of the isotope in Ci. radioactivity in environment including cosmic radiation. orbital electron capture by the nucleus. denotes a nuclear deexcitation process competting with gamma-ray emission, and accompanied by emission of orbital electrons. both gamma-radiation and internal conversion electrons are emitted. a quality associated with a class of observations and referring to the closeness of replicated or repeated observations of the mean. Common expression for precision is standard deviation of one observation or of the mean. HALLERT (1964). the radioactivity in mCi of the isotope per gram of material to which reference is made.


The growth and survival of Mytilus galloprovincialis post-larvae metamorphosed using different chemical compounds were investigated in this study to identify potential inducers in aquaculture and antifouling and biofouling researches.All tested chemical compounds including epinephrine,phenylephrine,clonidine,KCl and NH4Cl induced larvae to metamorphose,and post-larvae metamorphosed using these compounds survived as juveniles and grew at the same rate as those from microbial biofilms.These chemical compounds,therefore,can be used as effective inducers of larval metamorphosis in aquaculture and antifouling and biofouling studies using juveniles.


Thoroughly revised and expanded, this accessible single-volume reference features a foreword by an expert in neuropsychology and will serve lay readers and medical professionals alike. More than 600 clear, concise entries explore such topics as the anatomy of the brain; the role of the brain in the central nervous system; how thoughts, feelings, and memories develop; the effects of brain injuries; and the impact of major brain diseases. The glossary, bibliography, and appendixes have also been thoroughly revised.


The fractures of the distal tibia represent 7-10% of all tibial fractures and they usually are the result of high energy injuries as such as traffic accidents or fall from a height; in these cases the axial compression causes complex articular fractures characterized by metaphysis break and bone loss. Better prognosis are given in case of low energy traumas.The study evaluates the results of the surgical treatment of distal tibia fractures, using minimally invasive plateosteosynthesis (MIPPO) technique. We treated in our unit 30 patients with distal tibia fractures with the MIPPO technique.The fractures, intra-articular or extra-articular, were classified according to the AO classification. The cases studied did not involve open fractures or cutaneous lesions and we excluded the C3 and B2,B3 fractures, for which traditional osteosynthesis is preferable. We had one case of superficial wound infection in a diabetic patient with the dehiscence of the surgical wound than solved with the correct consolidation of the fractures; a malunion with more than 5 degrees of varus, one case of asymptomatic breaking of the distal screws. On the whole the outcomes were positive, thanks to a correct clinical indication. In conclusion we think that two are the elements that direct the choice regarding the type of approach and the type of device for the synthesis. The first is the condition of the skin, as far as its integrity is concerned, and the second is the articular condition, as far as the comminution and the number of fragments are concerned. Therefore we need to choose a synthesis that can guarantee a good outcome and can avoid dreadful complications and MIPPO is a valid technique when used correctly and by experts.


A dense and uniform polycrystalline ytterbium silicate skin on silicon nitride ceramics was developed by a controlled oxidation process to improve the hot corrosion resistance of silicon nitride. The process consists of purposely oxidizing the silicon nitride by heating it at high temperatures. It was found that the ytterbium silicate phase was formed as an oxidation product on the surface of the silicon nitride when it was exposed to air at temperatures above 1250°C. The volume fraction of ytterbium silicate compared with that of SiO2 on the silicon nitride surface increased with increasing oxidation time and temperature. The formation and growth of ytterbium silicate on the surface of silicon nitride is attributed to a nucleation and growth mechanism. Ultimately, a dense and uniform ytterbium silicate skin with 3–4 μm of skin thickness was obtained by oxidation at 1450°C for 24 h. The ytterbium silicate layer, formed by oxidation of the silicon nitride, is associated with the reaction of SiO2 on the surface of silicon nitride with Yb2O3 introduced in the silicon nitride as a sintering additive. Preliminary tests showed that the ytterbium silicate skin appears to protect silicon nitride from hot corrosion. No observable evidence of a reaction between the skin and molten Na2SO4 was found when it was exposed to molten Na2SO4 at 1000°C for 30 min.


Amidst voices of rejections to customary land rights registration in Namibia by some communities, the voices youths, who are expected to be at the forefront of transformations, have been absent from the discourses on customary land rights and registration. Using qualitative methods of interviews and round table discussions with youths and key informants in selected regions, the research aimed to analyse the youths' interest in acquiring and registering customary land, their participation in the registration process; youths' perceptions and silence over customary land rights and registration. Evidently, there is a weak interest among the youths to acquire customary land, let alone, participating in the registration process which they believe will benefit them nothing. The study suggest a government implementation process acceptable and beneficial to youths and their communities in the communal areas. It recommend that government and stakeholders increase youths' programmes to promote their participation and discussions on land rights issues. It suggest exploration of various reasons for why youth need land so that youths may be supported fittingly and remain useful within their own land settings. Furthermore, there is a need for government and service providers to prioritise service delivery and development to rural areas so that rural youths are encouraged to remain in rural areas and use their energy, knowledge and skills to build up their communities.


FURTHER GENERATOR OF TIME MAGNET THAT BETWEEN INTERACTION WITH MAGNETIC FIELD LAND FOR EXERCISE TIME OF ROTATION ON THE SATELLITE, THE LATTER SHALL INCLUDE A CIRCUIT SWITCH CONTROL GENERATOR TIME MAGNETIC WHICH ARE INDUCED TO FORM A SIGNAL FUNCTION CONTROL POLARITY TIME FOR SUCH GENERATOR MAGNETIC MAGNETIC MOMENT CONTROL SIGNAL AND SIGNAL POLARITY MAGNETIC FIELD LAND ISSUED BY A CLOCK. According to the Invention, A MEMBER OF SMOOTH 4 SIGNAL CONTROL OF MAGNETIC MOMENT GENERATOR 5 INSERTED BETWEEN THE SAME AND SWITCH CIRCUIT 3. VARIATIONS, IF ABRUPT, CURRENT MAGNETIC CREATED BY THE GENERATOR WHEN CHANGE SIGNAL POLARITY THE ARE smoothed KIND SO THAT THE ATTITUDE OF SATELLITE TO RULE WITHOUT DISTURBANCE.


Context. Stochasticity and physical parameter degeneracy problems complicate the derivation of the parameters (age, mass, and extinction) of unresolved star clusters when using broad-band photometry.
Aims. We develop a method to simulate stochasticity and degeneracies, and to investigate their influence on the accuracy of derived physical parameters. Then we apply it to star cluster samples of M31 and M33 galaxies.
Methods. Age, mass and extinction of observed star clusters are derived by comparing their broad-band UBVRI integrated magnitudes to the magnitudes of a large grid of star cluster models with fixed metallicity Z=0.008. Masses of stars for a cluster model are randomly sampled from the initial mass function. Models of star clusters from the model grid, which have all of their magnitudes located within 3 observational errors from the magnitudes of the observed cluster, are selected for the computation of its age, mass, and extinction.
Results. In the case of the M31 galaxy, the extinction range is wide and the age-extinction degeneracy is strong for a fraction of its clusters. Because of a narrower extinction range, the age-extinction degeneracy is weaker for the M33 clusters. By using artificial cluster sample, we show that age-extinction degeneracy can be reduced significantly if the range of intrinsic extinction within the host galaxy is narrow.


State-of-the-art design methods for digital audio broadcasting (DAB) networks use the computer-aided prediction of received field strength levels. However in certain terrain the performance of the DAB system may be insufficient whilst still meeting the required field strength level. This is due to multipath propagation and extremely delayed transmitter signals causing intersymbol interference. Therefore it is necessary to consider multipath effects even in the planning phase in order to optimize the transmitter location and the antenna patterns. The total field strength delay spectra (FDS) of all transmitters of the single frequency network (SFN) is used to calculate the symbol error rate (SER) of the unprotected radio channel. This SER is of high interest for the planning of this digital data distribution system. For the 4-DPSK modulation scheme, the influence of the modelled time variation of the signal reception phase on the SER calculation is investigated.


Internet resources (databases, web sites and others) on thermodynamic properties R = (p,T,s,...) of technologically important substances are analyzed. These databases put online by a number of organizations (the Joint Institute for High Temperatures of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Standartinform, the National Institute of Standards and Technology USA, the Institute for Thermal Physics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, etc) are investigated. Software codes are elaborated in the work in forms of "client functions" those have such characteristics: (i) they are placed on a remote server, (ii) they serve as open interactive Internet resources. A client can use them for a calculation of R properties of substances. "Complex client functions" are considered. They are focused on sharing (i) software codes elaborated to design of power plants (PP) and (ii) client functions those can calculate R properties of working fluids for PP.


It's today generally accepted that Business Intelligence (BI) has a decisive role and offers competitive advantages in organizations, but the way it is used is different. The existence of BI systems is nowadays justified by the organizations necessity to adapt to a variety of business challenges. Today, there are a subset of business processes and critical activities in the model of each organization and its chain value, where the achievement of specific knowledge is crucial to support the decision processes. In order to be possible to make a balance between BI investment and its added value, it is very important to measure the maturity through an evaluation of technology, processes and the organization. MM's are considered an effective instrument to explore strengths and weaknesses and provide the current state of BI. Thus, it is necessary to evaluate BI solutions not only to help the organizations to percept implementation benefits also, but to provide a management and monitoring process. The feedback that this evaluation can bring will be a contribution to improve business strategy. As there is very little scientific knowledge of maturity models (MM's) and its methodology, the research point to demonstrate the importance of this issue, the need for BI evaluation and a new BI Maturity Model is proposed.


The Amazonian Rubiaceae species Uncaria guianensis (UG) is locally used as antiinflammatory, antitumor, antidiabetic, anti-ulcers, and others. The phenolic content of its leaves is characterized by the great predominance of the flavonoid kaempferol-3,7-O-(α)-L-dirhamnoside (kaempferitrin). The present study quantitatively evaluates the kaempferitrin content in the leaves and branches of cultivated and wild UG specimens collected in different locations of the Brazilian Amazon rainforest by employing high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to a diode array detector (HPLC-DAD). Besides, the understanding of the polyphenol profile performed by electron spray ionization is deepened by tandem mass spectrometry analysis (ESI-MS/MS), using a previously approached leaf UG extract, and the flavonoid quercetin-3,7-O-(α)-L-dirhamnoside was first isolated from UG. All samples showed quite similar qualitative polyphenol profiles. Kaempferitrin in UG ranged from 1.1 to 1.9 mg 100 mg for dry leaves of adult wild plants, 0.3 to 0.7 mg 100 mg for dry leaves of cultivated young plants and 0.00 to 0.04 mg 100 mg for dry branches of adult wild plants. Besides suggesting the distribution of kaempferitrin in the species, these results reinforce this flavonol as a suitable chemical marker for UG leaves and the products derived from them.


Context: With the rising number of patients with total hip arthroplasty, there is demand for sporting activities for these patients to stay physically active. Objectives: The goal of this study was to evaluate satisfaction and golfing performance for golfers after total hip arthroplasty. Study Design: Retrospective cohort study. Patients: Data of 46 golfers with an average age of 66.5 years (46–79 years) with an average follow up of 58.8 months (7–253 months) after total hip arthroplasty was analysed. Results: 37 patients (80.4%) were able to return completely pain free, 9 patients still had pain during golf (19.6%). While satisfaction was high regardless of gender or affected side, only male golfers significantly improved their handicap and driving distance. Time spent on the golf course was the same pre- and postoperatively. Average time for returning to practice was 3.8 months; time until a full round of golf was 5.2 months. Postoperative physiotherapy was a significant factor in achieving an improved ...


Introduction: Dietary therapy for eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is an effective first-line treatment aimed at identifying triggers by systematically removing then reintroducing food groups. Success on diet therapy can be augmented by working with a dietitian, but this is not a universal clinical resource. Virtual or telehealth approaches to nutrition care may offer opportunities to implement diet therapy for EoE. We conducted a retrospective study at a tertiary center with six GI dietitians to compare real-world standard in-person versus virtual EoE nutrition practices in terms of access, follow-up< and disease control. Method(s): We identified adults with EoE referred to GI nutrition through query of the electronic medical record by ICD-10 diagnoses and confirmed by chart review. As all nutrition visits prior to the COVID pandemic were performed in-person, standard care was defined as care established in January-December 2019 and virtual care in January-December 2021. Associations were analyzed using Chi-squared and Student's t test (Table). Result(s): A total of 204 patients were included;99 referred for standard in-person and 105 virtual nutrition care. The cohorts did not differ significantly by gender, age at the time of referral, race, and distance lived to our center. Of these, 55.6% (55) standard and 48.6% (51) virtual visits were completed with a dietitian (p=0.341) and 4-food elimination diet was the most commonly planned diet. The majority initiated the diet (80.0% standard, 78.4% virtual, p=0.842) and among them, half successfully attained histologic remission with the elimination phase (63.6% standard, 47.5% virtual, p=0.324). Ultimate treatments plans included remaining on dietary therapy (25.5% standard, 23.5% virtual, p=0.728), no treatment or lost to follow-up (34.6% standard, 25.5% virtual), and medication (25.5% standard, 41.2% virtual). Conclusion(s): There is a growing demand for nutrition care in EoE and in our tertiary practice, we found no differences in the success and response rate on elimination diet or follow-up between patients receiving standard or virtual nutrition care. Virtual approaches to implementing EoE dietary therapy may serve to complement in-person care and offer opportunities for those lacking local dietitian access. However, up to one-third of patients are lost to follow-up or remain untreated, also highlighting a need to identify, understand, and overcome barriers to treatment uptake and disease control .


Introduct ion: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is caused by the abnormal activity of the immune system. It is believed that the pathological immune response may be initiated in the intestines, the area of the largest antigen presentation. This is where autoreactive T and B cells are activated, which constitutes the pathomechanism of this disease. In a healthy organism, normal gut microbiota mediates the balance between proand anti-inflammatory activity of the immune system.


Although elements of low atomic number (Z<11) are detectable in TEM specimens using a modem energy-dispersive (EDX) detector, quantification remains a challenge. Problems include the large absorption corrections needed for specimens of typical thickness and the need for calibration specimens which provide k-factors appropriate to a particular detector/window arrangement. We have addressed this second problem by fabricating thin films containing several light elements in combination with silicon, which typically acts as the reference element when specifying k-factors. Because the EDX peaks of adjacent light elements overlap considerably, it is preferable to have two specimens: one containing C, O and Si, the other B, N, F and Si. We have used both e-beam evaporation and sputtering techniques to deposit thin films on a substrate which can later be removed to leave a freestanding film mounted on a TEM grid.


Within a field-theoretical model containing the nucleon [ital N] and the pion [pi] as well as the baryons and mesons [Delta], [rho], [omega], [epsilon] as the leading [pi][pi] and [pi][ital N] resonances, a nonperturbative, relativistic calculation of the form factors of the strong meson-baryon interactions is presented. We introduce a physical self-consistent regularization'' which leads to a parameter free and nonperturbative determination of the form factors within a one-loop-ladder approximation. The results support monopole parameters in the range [Lambda]=0.5--0.9 GeV for [pi], [epsilon], [rho], and [omega] [ital NN] interactions. The method allows a consistent description of the one- and two-nucleon problem.


Several novel circuit interrupting devices are showing possibilities of commercial importance, some representing improvements to oil circuit breakers and others indicating a possible trend toward the non-oil type of equipment. Deion, compressed-gas, expansion, vacuum, and oil breakers are discussed briefly in the light of present laboratory knowledge.


Acknowledgment: The stain removal chart was adapted from material preparedly Eleanor Young, Extension Textile and Clothing Specialist, University of Maryland. Original bulletin was prepared by Jereldine R. Howe, former Extension Textile and Clothing Specialist, Kansas State University.


Founded in 1968 by Bill Bunge and Gwendolyn Warren, the history and lasting influence of the Detroit Geographical Expedition and Institute can be told in many ways. For Bunge, they were a site at which to continue his "geographical expedition" as research method and at which to begin a pedagogical experiment in which "[l]ocal people are to be incorporated as students and as professors" (Bunge 1969, quoted in Heynen and Barnes 2011:v). They were expeditions turned inwards upon our own urban landscapes, attempts to "subvert the exploration practices of the 19th century" (Merrifield 1995:54) and, in so doing, to move explicitly towards a more socially just city. For his harshest critics, this subversion failed, producing little more than yet another colonial experiment by which geographers attempted to solve the world's ills, this time with maps! (see Figure 1 below). Charting the full successes, failures, and contested results of the DGEIs is certainly beyond the scope of this review and likely impossible given that the very number of expeditions (as well as their aims and even locations) remains debatable. For


Cleaning Approximately Duplicate Records(CADR) is a core and important issue in data cleaning domain,but how to implement valid and practical CADR is still a research difficulty.Based on those,this paper proposes a Clustering Feedback Pattern Specification(CFPS) to verify the validity of CADR.The concept of cluster pattern and feedback pattern and its algorithms are given based on the analysis of function-to-function relation of the subclass category clustered.And then CFPS is proposed in data cleaning domain.An example resulted in the process of credit data exchange system is given to test the validity of CFPS by using clustering feedback pattern specification.


In "Inka Bodies and the Body of Christ", Carolyn Dean investigates the multiple meanings of the Roman Catholic feast of Corpus Christi as it was performed in the Andean city of Cuzco after its conquest and occupation by Spanish colonisers. By concentrating on both the era's paintings and its historical archives, Dean explores how the festival celebrated the victory of the Christian God over sin and death, the triumph of Christian orthodoxy over the imperial Inka patron (the Sun), and Spain's conquest of Peruvian society. As Dean clearly illustrates, the central rite of the festival - the taking of the Eucharist - symbolized both the acceptance of Christ and the power of the colonizers over the colonized. The most remarkable of Andean celebrants were those who appeared constumed as the vanquished Inka kings of Peru's pagan past. Despite the subjugation of the indigenous population, Dean shows how these and other Andean nobles used the occasion of Corpus Christi as an opportunity to construct new identities through tinkuy, a native term used to describe the conjoining of opposites. Mediating the chasms between the Andean region and Europe, pagans and Christians, and the past and the present, these Andean elites negotiated a new sense of themselves. Moving beyond the colonial period, Dean examines how these hybrid forms of Inka identity are still evident in the festive life of modern Cuzco. "Inka Bodies and the Body of Christ" offers the first in-depth analysis of the culture and paintings of colonial Cuzco. This volume will be welcomed by historians of Peruvian culture, art, and politics. It will also interest those engaged in performance studies, religion, and postcolonial and Latin American studies.


We investigate the mantle transition zone beneath the Chile‐Argentina flat subduction region by means of P‐to‐S conversions at mantle discontinuities from teleseismic events recorded at 103 seismic stations. From the analysis of receiver functions, we obtain clear converted phases from the 410 and 660 discontinuities, and we identify a robust precursory signal to P660s, of negative amplitude, that we name P590s. We observe little frequency dependence in the amplitude of the P410s converted phase, while the P660s is less visible toward higher frequencies. The 410 is on average deeper than 410 km by 10 ± 1 km in the higher‐frequency bands, and it is relatively sharp, being consistent with a 10% velocity jump over less than 20 km. The observed 660 depth varies with frequency; it is deeper by up to 18 ± 2 km for lower frequencies and close to reference at higher frequencies, being consistent with a 13% broad velocity gradient over 30–40 km, probably caused by a composite of multiple phase transitions. The transition zone thickness is controlled by the frequency‐dependent depth variability of the 660. Our findings of relative depth, width, and velocity jump of the detected discontinuities, combined with tomographic images of the mantle transition zone, cannot be explained by thermal variations alone. Compositional constraints from mineral physics show that a near pyrolitic mantle is consistent with the ratio of the estimated velocity jumps. However, the negative P590s phase in this region could be signal from the velocity reduction due to basalt accumulation at the base of the transition zone.


Marion Pindsdorf's prescription to prevent a corporate disaster is: when public health and safety are involved, tell it all and tell is fast.This book is a guide for companies large and small for surviving a public crisis. It is a battle tested guide written by a veteran public relations expert that is packed with information on working with the media during a corporate public crisis. Pindsdorf uses specific cases as examples of how to and how not to handle public relations during a crisis.


In the quest to reduce the levelized cost of energy, recent concentrated photovoltaics innovations have striven to increase the solar cell conversion efficiency. Another approach aims at concentrating more light on the solar cell in order to reduce its share of the energy cost. We propose new cell structures that are tailored for high conversion efficiency at solar concentration exceeding 1000 suns, with a minimum amount of heat generated. These designs are composed of multiple junctions (3, 4, and 5) of materials lattice matched to gallium arsenide (GaAs) with bandgaps at or above that of GaAs. Simulations that include thermal effects and electrical resistance effects are used to predict the performances of the proposed designs under high concentrations. A relative cost analysis shows a reduction in electricity cost when using these designs compared with the state of the art triple‐junction solar cell. Further cost reduction schemes using these proposed designs are discussed. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


As the "third source of profit" in the world economic activities, logistics has been paid attention by all countries in the world, especially in the developed countries. The development of logistics has been quite mature, and the logistics management and technology have been widely used. In order to reduce the cost of logistics distribution, vehicle routing problem in logistics system has become a hot issue. The selection of rational distribution path for vehicles directly affects the service level and the cost of the distribution center. The optimization and scheduling of the distribution center can improve the economic efficiency of the logistics and realize the scientific logistics. On the basis of saving mileage, the author considers the influence of distance between distribution centers and users and users on path planning, so as to achieve the path search of the shortest distance. Taking a chain supermarket as an example, the author combines the distance factor and plans the distribution route of vehicle. The results show that the algorithm can effectively solve the optimal solution of vehicle routing problem for single distribution center. Keywords—saving mileage method, heuristic algorithm, single distribution Center, VRP problem.


II. ISSUES AND MEASURES CONCERNING CYBERCRIME INVESTIGATION A. Initial Information Gathering The Brazilian Federal Police created an e-mail box to which any Internet user can send notices about cybercrimes. However, the great volume of messages, combined with the generally poor quality of the information itself (for instance, not including enough data to allow the identification of the perpetrator or reporting actions not defined as criminal offences under Brazilian law), has made this communication channel fall short of its intended objective.


Summary
Ascorbic acid was encapsulated with high efficiency inside liposomes. In this form, its stability was enhanced compared to that in free aqueous solution, and particularly in the presence of a number of factors widespread in foods, which normally lead to its rapid degradation. Possible mechanisms for these stabilizing effects are discussed. Amongst other potential applications, these findings are relevant to the preservation of nutritional supplements of vitamin C in solution and to the development of naturally derived antioxidant systems for food protection.


Background:
 The AHA Life's Simple 7 (LS7) promote cardiovascular health. We hypothesized that a better LS7 profile translates into significant brain health benefits in persons without stroke or dementia. We also evaluated whether genomic information can effectively recapitulate the observed LS7.

 Methods:
 We conducted a nested study within the UK Biobank, restricting analysis to stroke- and dementia-free participants with brain MRI and genomic data. We ascertained the LS7 (blood pressure, LDL cholesterol, HbA1c, smoking, exercise, diet and BMI) clinically and genomically. For the latter, we used genetic variants known to influence each trait. The total LS7 score ranges from 0 (poor) to 14 (optimal), and was categorized as poor (≤4), average (49). We tested for association between observed/genomic LS7 and two neuroimaging markers of brain health: white matter hyperintensities (WMH) volume and brain volume.

 Results:
 We analyzed 35,914 participants. For WMH, compared to persons with poor observed LS7, those with average and optimal had 18% (beta -0.17; se=0.02; p<0.001) and 43% (beta -0.37; se=0.02; p<0.001) lower volumes. Similar results were obtained when using the genomic LS7 (all p<0.001). For brain volume, those with average and optimal LS7 had 0.86% (beta 0.12; se=0.02; p<0.001) and 2.4% (beta 0.18; se=0.02; p<0.001) higher volumes. The genomic LS7 were not associated with brain volume (all p>0.05). Blood pressure and HbA1c were the most powerful contributors to WMH and brain volume, respectively (Figure).

 Conclusions:
 Better LS7 profiles are associated with better profiles of 2 brain health-related neuroimaging markers in persons without stroke/dementia. Genomic information appropriately recapitulated one of these associations. These results emphasize the beneficial role of cardiovascular health optimization in persons without stroke/dementia and point to genomic data as potentially useful to identify high risk individuals.


In this paper, we proposed a RTOS-based lighting control system to improve energy efficiency. This proposed system, real time process was designed to the specified division of the LED streetlight control module for the RTOS-based lighting control into three different tasks. The first task transmits LED lighting signal by measuring illuminance, and the second task transmits motion detecting signal using motion detector. In the third task, lighting control to LED was designed through passed control signal from other tasks The execution status was examined ports that are directly to the ATmega128 MCU for the verification of the system, and illuminance distribution and operating conditions were verified through LED street field test. The proposed RTOS-based lighting control system has brought improving system performance and also facilitate an addition of other functions, and it was possible to optimize energy saving by intelligent lighting pattern control.


Svetlana Barsukova - Professor, Chair for Economic Sociology, National Research University "Higher School of Economics". Address: 20, Myasnitskaya St., Moscow, 101000, Russian Federation. E-mail: email@example.com lot is being said today about the protection of domestic producers. This rhetoric is quite often applied to the agrarian complex, which is known for its resource constraints and consumer perceptions of its comparative advantages. Import substitution and the growing export capacities of the agricultural sector have been declared among the top priorities of the state program of agricultural development from 2008-2012. Russia's agricultural imports (except for the textiles) grew almost three-fold from 2000 to 2007. Under such circumstances, it is quite obvious that the protection of domestic producers should become a clear and straightforward policy of the state.The corresponding intentions have been set and expressed in certain numbers. With the WTO expansion, the traditional protectionist measures (taxes, quotas, etc.) have limited influence and their escalation will produce negative reactions from the international community. That is why it is being replaced by non-transparent institutional limitations, which often have an informal nature and become the de-facto protectionist barriers.In this article, we will take a look at how the relations on certain grocery markets form - by which means and in whose interests the protection of the domestic producers is being carried out. It is important to outline that we do not consider the whole complex of state support measures, but rather focus exclusively on the regulation of the domestic agricultural business of import-export.


A Vertical Seismic Profile (VSP) was made, using a vibroseis source, in a well in Austria owned by OEM V-AG. Seven offset source seismic profiles were also made, using a vibroseis source. Normal moveout corrections, based on the velocity model from the zero offset VSP, were applied during processing of the offset seismic profiles. Using five of the offset profiles in one direction from the well, a processing technique was developed to produce a combined, multi-offset common depth point display. Interpretation was based on ray-trace modelling, and production of synthetic VSP's. A quantitative estimate of the dip of a dominant reflector was made, and it was possible to infer lateral structural changes.


ABSTRACTUnderstanding and quantifying seismic energy dissipation in fluid-saturated porous rocks is of considerable interest because it offers the perspective of extracting information with regard to the elastic and hydraulic rock properties. An important, if not dominant, attenuation mechanism prevailing in the seismic frequency band is wave-induced fluid pressure diffusion in response to the contrasts in elastic stiffness in the mesoscopic-scale range. An effective way to estimate seismic velocity dispersion and attenuation related to this phenomenon is through the application of numerical upscaling procedures to synthetic rock samples of interest. However, the estimated seismic properties are meaningful only if the underlying sample volume is at least of the size of a representative elementary volume (REV). In the given context, the definition of an REV and the corresponding implications for the estimation of the effective seismic properties remain largely unexplored. To alleviate this problem, we have...


Pacemakers and ICDs in Myotonic Dystrophy. Introduction: We assessed implant rates, indications, characteristics, and outcomes in patients with the neuromuscular disease, myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) receiving a pacemaker or an implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator (ICD).


The endoscopic healing index (EHI) is a novel multi-protein serum biomarker test developed and validated to assess endoscopic disease activity in patients with Crohn's disease (CD). Evidence for the use of EHI to guide decision-making during infliximab (IFX) treatment remains scarce. Therefore, we aimed to characterise the relationships between IFX dose, serum IFX concentrations, EHI, and endoscopic remission (ER).

 Data were obtained from 118 biologic naïve adult patients with CD enrolled in the phase 4 TAILORIX trial (EudraCT 2011 003038 14). All patients had confirmed active CD at baseline based on clinical, biological, and endoscopic criteria. IFX and EHI (scores ranging from 0–100) were measured using a homogenous mobility shift assay (HMSA) and immunoassay, respectively (Prometheus Laboratories). First, the previously published population pharmacokinetic (popPK) model of the TAILORIX study population was revisited to describe the HMSA data. The effect of EHI, faecal calprotectin (FC), C-reactive protein (CRP), and serum albumin (ALB) on IFX clearance was evaluated. Next, a minimal continuous-time Markov model was developed to describe the time course of EHI within patients. EHI was considered as a three-stage ordinal variable (scores 0–19, 20–49, and 50–100) with the lowest score stage (0–19) indicative of ER. The course-modifying effect of IFX on EHI was assessed. Finally, a generalised linear model was used to describe the relationship between EHI and the probability of attaining ER (Simple Endoscopic Score for CD [SES-CD] ≤2). The predictive ability of EHI for ER was compared with that of FC, CRP, ALB, and IFX using a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis.

 The revisited two-compartment popPK model described the IFX data with adequate descriptive and predictive accuracies. EHI, FC, CRP, and ALB at week (w)0 were not found to explain interpatient variability in IFX clearance. In contrast, higher IFX at w14 was associated with a higher probability of achieving EHI <20 at w14 (Figure 1). The probability of attaining EHI <20 at w14 was predicted to increase more than four-fold when IFX at w14 was targeted at 10 mg/L instead of 5 mg/L (Table 1). EHI and FC equally well predicted the probability of attaining ER at the same time point (Figure 2, Table 2).

 EHI, FC, ALB, and CRP at w0 should not be considered for a priori IFX dose optimisation. Nevertheless, a posteriori IFX dose optimisation (based on IFX concentrations measurements) towards a predefined IFX concentration at w14 may lead to lower post-induction EHI scores and thus improved ER rates. An IFX target of 10 mg/L at w14 is associated with four-fold higher normalisation of EHI as compared to the commonly used target of 5 mg/L.


Attitude motion periods of the unstable satellites are important parameters for space target surveillance. Traditional period estimation methods can only be used for single period. Aiming at rotation and precession of unstable satellite, a double-period estimation method based on variational mode decomposition (VMD) and mutual information is proposed. First, the radar cross section (RCS) of unstable satellite is processed by VMD to obtain intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) and corresponding center-frequencies. Then, through calculating and comparing the mutual information of IMFs and RCS sequence, the rotation period and precession period of satellite are obtained. The experimental results indicate that both rotation period and precession period can be estimated correctly. Compared with spectrum analysis, autocorrelation function and empirical mode decomposition (EMD), the phenomenon of frequency multiplication and mode mixing can be restrained effectively, and the accuracy of period estimation is improved.


The total cerebral blood flow was measured by the Xe 133 in 9 patients, before and during a pure Alfatesine induced anaesthesia. With a perfusion flow of 0,04 ml/kg/mn, the total flow underwent a mean fall of 38 p. 100 that was linked neither to any systemic pressure variations nor to variations of the PaCO2. This fall was linked to a cerebral arterio vasoconstriction as it was evidenced by arteriographic images.


The nature of the molybdenum species in supported molybdena hydrodesulfurization (HDS) catalysts is still a matter of controversy. The primary controversy is whether the molybdenum exists as a monolayer across the support surface or in three-dimensional units. This note reports the results of an x-ray diffraction study of a commercial, Harshaw 0402T, Co-Mo-SiO/sub 2/-Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/ catalyst untreated, sulfided, and after use as a hydrodesulfurization catalyst for coal. The patterns for the sulfided show the absence of nordstrandite and CaMoO/sub 4/, and the presence of eta-alumina and poorly crystalline MoS/sub 2/. It is difficult to assess the exact role of the MoS/sub 2/ crystalites in regard to the HDS function of the catalyst. It is possible that two- or three-dimensional or amorphous MoS/sub 2/ has activity and that the noted deactivation of the catalyst occurred through a mechanism independent of the structure of the active (molybdenum) components. The molybdenum-sulfur species could still be catalytically active for HDS reactions, but are precluded from so functioning because of diffusional limitations resulting from deposited metals or mineral matter from the coal or formed intractable carbinaceous materials (coke). On the other hand, it is possible that change in the MoS/sub 2/ crystallites is symptomaticmore » of the actual deactivation mechanism. 1 figure, 2 tables.« less


In this paper, a summary of performance evaluation is presented, including a discussion of different types of evaluations. The following performance metrics are introduced and defined: speedup, efficiency and scalability. The paper includes a literature survey of performance counters used in multiprocessor systems. A classification is established based on the various parameters of the counters. Next, applications for the performance counters are discussed. An overview of the connection between the hardware of the counters and the OS is given. Tracing using the performance counters is also addressed. Finally, research directions in multiprocessor performance counters is given.


Silver is a natural, broad-spectrum antibacterial metal and its toxicity can be enhanced when surface area is maximized. As a result, silver nanoparticles (AgNP) have been investigated for use in novel water treatment technologies. The hypothesis of this work is that deposited AgNPs can enhance water treatment technologies by inhibiting growth of planktonic bacteria and biofilms. This was investigated by evaluating the antibacterial efficacy of AgNPs both in solution and as deposited on surfaces. AgNPs were found to be toxic to three species of environmental mycobacteria, M. smegmatis, M. avium, and M. marinum and the level of susceptibility varied widely, probably owing to the varying levels of silver that each species is exposed to in its natural environment. When cultured in a AgNP enriched environment M. smegmatis developed resistance to the toxic effects of both the nanoparticles and silver ions. The resistant mutant was as viable as the unmodified strain and was also resistant to antibiotic isoniazid. However, the strain was more susceptible to other toxic metal ions from ZnSO4 and CuSO4.
AgNPs were deposited on silicon wafer substrates by vertical colloidal deposition (VCD). Manipulating deposition speed and also concentration of AgNPs in the depositing liquid led to a range of AgNP coatings with distinctive deposition lines perpendicular to the motion of the meniscus. Experimental results for areal coverage, which was measured from SEM images of AgNP coatings, were compared to Diao's theory of VCD but did not show agreement due to a stick-slip mechanism that is not accounted for by the theory. Durability of AgNP coatings is critical for antibacterial efficacy and to mitigate the risks of exposing the environment to nanomaterials and it was measured by exposing AgNP coatings to liquid flow in a flow cell. Durability was improved by modifying processing to include a heat treatment after deposition.
Finally, the antibiofilm efficacy of deposited AgNPs was demonstrated by culturing M. smegmatis on porous membrane filters and Si substrates that were coated with AgNP. In both cases AgNP inhibited biofilm growth with an effect that was concentration or areal coverage dependent.


Objective: To establish the quality standard of Huoluo Zhitong ointment.Method: The author identified Tubiechong(Steleophaga),Bohenao(menthol) and Bingpian(borneol) in the Huoluo Zhitong ointment by TLC,determined the content of strychnine in Huoluo Zhitong ointment by HPLC.The mobile phase is Acetonitrile-0.01 mol/L Heptane sulfonic acid sodium salt and 0.02 mol/L Potassium dihydrogen phosphate Mixed solution(use 10% phosphoric adjusting the p H value of 2.8).The detection wavelength is 260 nm.Results: Method for the identification of Steleophaga,menthol and borneol is specific.In the concentration range of 5.4~64.8 μg/m L,there was a good linear relationship of strychnine(r=0.9999),the average recovery rate was 100.9%,RSD was 1.09%.Conclusion: The method established in the experiment has the advantages of simple operation,strong specificity,good reproducibility,and it can be used to control the quality of Huoluo Zhitong ointment.


The prospects of using double-drift-region (DDR) flat and single-low-high-low (SLHL) type InP based impact-ionisation-avalanche-transit-time (IMPATT) diodes as terahertz sources are studied and compared for the first time. Extensive simulation indicates that the devices are capable of generating RF power of 146.8–241.8 mW at around the 0.5 THz frequency. The effects of parasitic series resistance on the THz performance of the devices are further simulated. It is interesting to note that the presence of a charge bump in flatly doped DDR structures reduces the value of parasitic series resistance by 29.5%. The effects of photo-illumination on the top-mounted (TM) and flip-chip (FC) IMPATT devices are also investigated using a modified double iterative simulation technique. Under photo-illumination the negative conductance and the negative resistance of the devices (both flat and SLHL) decrease along with an upward shift in operating frequency. The upward shift in operating frequency is found to be more (at least 22.0 GHz) when the performance of the InP based IMPATT is controlled by the hole dominated saturation current rather than by the electron dominated saturation current. The overall effects of photo-irradiation on the SLHL diodes are found to be much more prominent than for their flat-profile counterparts. These studies reveal the potential of InP IMPATTs as optically controlled high-speed terahertz switching tools.


Previously considered to have an irreparable condition, 42% ofpatients had improvement in their vision, with 19% returning to near-normal visual function. Continuing refinements in surgical techniques suggest that substantially better success rates may be expected. Surgical prophylaxis for impending macular holes, when visual symptoms and clinical signs may be subtle yet reversible, is the subject of an ongoing multicenter, prospective clinical trial. Successful macular hole operations have cast doubt on previous concepts of vitreomacular pathophysiology based on clinical evaluation. Detachment of the vitreous from the surface of the macula is a common and typically benign agerelated event. It is now recognized, however, that the exact relationship of the posterior vitreous to the macula can often be determined only at the time of surgical intervention. The most careful preoperative evaluation has frequently been found at the time of a macular operation to be misleading and unreliable, either not recognizing or underestimating the role of the vitreous in the pathologic process. Other disorders, such as loss of vision due to anteroposterior vitreomacular traction caused by incomplete vitreous detachment from the macula, have been recognized and shown to be responsive to surgical intervention. Indeed, it is increasingly appreciated that macular pucker, as well as tangential and anteroposterior vitreomacular traction, may occur alone or in concert, even superimposed on other macular disease, causing or contributing to loss of central vision that may be amenable to surgical intervention. The development of neovascular membranes beneath the macula is an important cause of central vision loss in a multitude of disorders, particularly the presumed ocular histoplasmosis syndrome and, more commonly, age-related macular degeneration. Recently the surgical removal of submacular neovascular membranes complicating presumed ocular histoplasmosis syndrome and age-related macular degeneration has been reported with encouraging, occasionally remarkable, results. Such developments have ushered in a new era in vitreoretinal surgical treatment by revolutionizing our understanding of clinical vitreomacular pathophysiology and expanding the application of current microsurgical techniques to macular diseases until only recently unrecognized, misunderstood, or considered irreparable.


The crystal structures of the toluene and chlorobenzene solvates of 2,3,7,8-tetraphenyl-1,9,10-anthyridine are nearly identical save for differences in the mode of solvent inclusion; these differences have an important bearing on the nature of the C–H···π interactions in these structures.