Wireless sensor networks offer the potential to span and monitor large geographical areas inexpensively. Sensors, however, have significant power constraint (battery life), making communication very expensive. Another important issue in the context of sensor-based information systems is that individual sensor readings are inherently unreliable. In order to address these two aspects, sensor database systems like TinyDB and Cougar enable in-network data aggregation to reduce the communication cost and improve reliability. The existing data aggregation techniques, however, are limited to relatively simple types of queries such as SUM, COUNT, AVG, and MIN/MAX. In this paper we propose a data aggregation scheme that significantly extends the class of queries that can be answered using sensor networks. These queries include (approximate) quantiles, such as the median, the most frequent data values, such as the <i>consensus</i> value, a histogram of the data distribution, as well as range queries. In our scheme, each sensor aggregates the data it has received from other sensors into a fixed (user specified) size message. We provide strict theoretical guarantees on the approximation quality of the queries in terms of the message size. We evaluate the performance of our aggregation scheme by simulation and demonstrate its accuracy, scalability and low resource utilization for highly variable input data sets.


No-tillage seeding has become an important approach to improve crop productivity, which needs colters of high performance to cut the root-stubble-soil composite. However, the difficulty of maize root-stubbles three-dimensional (3D) modeling hinders finite element (FE) simulation to improve development efficiency of such colters because of maize root system complexity and opaque nature of the soil. Fortunately, the non-destructive 3D geometric model of the maize root-stubble in-situ can be established via X-ray computed tomography (CT) following by a systematic procedure. The whole procedure includes CT scanning of the maize root-stubble-soil composite sample, image reconstruction via filtered back-projection (FBP) with the Hanning filter, segmentation of root-stubble via a variational level set method, and post-processing via morphological operations. The 3D reconstruction model of the maize root-stubble in-situ presents a complete, complex and in-situ geometrical morphology, which cannot be realized via other methods, including the destructive modelling after washing via CT. This study is the first to build a 3D geometric model of a maize root-stubble in-situ via CT, which opens up new possibilities for simulation of root-stubble-soil cutting using FEM, and much other research related to plant root-stubbles.
Keywords: maize root-stubble, non-destructive modeling, X-ray computed tomography, variational level set method
DOI: 10.25165/j.ijabe.20201303.5268

Citation: Zhao X, Xing L Y, Shen S F, Liu J M, Zhang D X. Non-destructive 3D geometric modeling of maize root-stubble in-situ via X-ray computed tomography. Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 2020; 13(3): 174–179.


1. My specialties are therapeutics and toxicology. When we think in classical terms about drugs, therapeutics refers to curative healing, toxicology to the capacity to produce harm. However, they are not opposite disciplines, but rather reflect a continuum along the dose‐response curve of a drug or toxin. Since antiquity, the study of toxicology has underpinned and illuminated therapeutics. Even the most potent toxins, such as botulinum and ricin, are used for therapeutic purposes.


This study aims to describe the expression of perverse traits operating in a melancholic personality structure. The definition of the basic concepts of structure, organization of personality and character traits is made. The characteristics of the melancholic structure and perverse organization are described and through the study of a single case, we seek to demonstrate the psychodynamics of a melancholic personality structure and identify the manifestation of perverse traits. The clinical discussion focuses on the acting of the perverse traits over melancholy. The paper demonstrates the importance of understanding these dynamics and diagnostic aspects to the clinical practice in psychoanalysis. Furthermore, it was possible to conclude that perverse manifestations may occur in different personality structures, not being exclusive of perverse organizations of the self.


During the calibration of optical microscopic image measurement system, how to quickly and accurately extract the feature point coordinates from micro image of calibration sample is the key factor to affect the calibration precision. Microscope calibration has unique characteristics that are quite different from traditional camera calibration. In this paper, a method for extracting feature points of micro calibration sample is provided based on the analysis of microscope calibration system and calibration sample. The method preprocesses the micro image with threshold segmentation, dilation, erosion and other operations; then labels connected components and computes the coordinates of the feature points by computing centroid of image connected regions. The experiment results show that this method can quickly and efficiently obtain the coordinates of the feature points.


This paper bases itself upon the depth analysing and disscussing on searching without information, merits and demerits of both traditional Breadth - first Searches Depth- first Searches in searching without information. And then, it introduces a new concept problem of AI - searches, extrema of AI - searches extemcs of the extrema in a synthetical technique which sometimes we should think it simultaneously over combining both in searching with information, i.e. the heuristic searching, and searching without information, and gives out the wide scenes of existing throughout a series of typical applications'problem solving such as polices'doing their utmost for catching murderers, catching fish with casting a net or boy-herders pick peaches by climbing up a tree.


Two new coordination polymers,[Ln(C8H7O3)3]n(Ln=Er(1) and Yb(2)),have been synthesized by hydrothermal method.Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis indicates that two coordination polymers are isomorphous and belong to one-dimensional infinite chain structure.The Ln3+ ion is eight-coordinated with eight oxygen atoms from six p-C8H7O-3 groups.The p-C8H7O-3 groups adopt two coordination modes of bidentate and tridentate to bridge Ln3+ ions.Both polymers were characterized by the IR,UV-Vis-NIR and fluorescence spectra.Their photophysical properties were studied,which reveals that both polymers exhibit weak fluorescence emission in the visible region.


Adsorption technology has been regarded as an efficient method for removing low-concentration phosphate ions from water; however, the designed fabrication of expectable sorbents by integrating biomass component and MOFs remains...


Soil bulk density (BD), degree of compactness (DC), maximum bulk density (MBD), and critical water content (CWC) at which MBD is reached are commonly used to characterize soil compaction, and can be predicted from soil texture and organic matter content, omitting other components such as sand sub-classes and soil cementing agents and potential biases such as data redundancy and sub-compositional incoherence. Compositional data analysis is needed to account for interactions among soil components and to avoid biases. The aim of this study was to relate soil compaction indexes to the basic components of coarse-textured soils using unbiased numerical techniques. Soil samples collected in horizons A and B at 49 sites in Quebec, Canada, were analyzed for gravimetric water content, BD, particle-size distribution, MBD, CWC, organic C, total N, Si, Fe, Al, Mn, Mg and Ca. DC was calculated as the ratio of BD to MBD. The 14 physical-chemical soil properties were expressed as isometric log-ratios balances. We conducted principal component analysis to identify the components most correlated with compaction indexes. We used regression analysis to predict MBD and CWC, and used linear mixed-effects models to predict BD and DC. The regression models accounted for up to 83% of total variation in MBD and CWC, and the linear mixed-effects models explained 58–64% of total variation in BD and DC. BD and DC were found to decrease with clay content, and increase with larger proportion of coarser particles. Organic matter content tended to reduce BD and DC, and showed little effects on MBD. Increasing evenness of sand fractions resulted in a higher MBD value. Relationships between CWC and soil texture, and between CWC and organic C were not significant. Mineral cementing agents were the major contributors to soil compaction indexes. Si, Al, Fe and Ca oxides increased BD, DC and CWC, but reduced MBD. The sensitivity of coarse-textured soils to compaction could be predicted to support decisions on soil resilience after ripping and on the need to implement corrective chemical, biological and physical methods such as soil amendments, structure-building crops or textural mixtures to rebalance soil compositions.


On the basis of investigation of some Wa people ' s villages in lincang of Yunnan province,this paper explores the reasons for the current birth desire and fertility level in the Wa region,at the same time puts forward some suggestions on keeping the birth level and controlling the family.


The features of fabric take-up from the working area and its winding onto the cloth beam are discussed in this chapter. Different types of take-up motion regulators allow the formation of woven fabric with various structural arrangements using weft of varying longitudinal thickness.


Highlights Model equifinality incurs user-driven decisions when modeling with AnnAGNPS. Prairie pothole models should be calibrated using a limited parameter search space. LiDAR-derived surface areas best represent prairie pothole hydrology in AnnAGNPS. Modeling field-scale prairie pothole spill-and-fill dynamics is currently limited. Abstract. The Annualized Agricultural Non-Point Source (AnnAGNPS) model was used to predict water volume in individual prairie potholes within the Des Moines Lobe of Iowa. AnnAGNPS can represent prairie potholes as static wetland areas located on preferential flow paths at field scale, whereas standard practice of watershed modeling is to fill depressions while preparing input data, and whereas models have lumped parameters at scales too large for individual pothole representation, or are considered too complex for widespread implementation. Here, we assess how key user inputs affect hydrologic calibration of 6 AnnAGNPS prairie pothole models, suggest methods for calibrating and modeling the impact of some potholes at field scale, and explain challenges in modeling prairie potholes with AnnAGNPS. Results indicate that user-defined pothole surface area does not significantly affect statistical calibration of the model. Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency 0.26 to 0.79, R2 ranged from 0.37 to 0.80 and RSR ranged from 0.46 to 0.86. The area that best simulates pothole hydrology and expected physical parameters is derived from LiDAR and is considered the maximum extent of the pothole. Potholes were calibrated using a stepwise, iterative, limited search space method using multiple representations of their inundation extent. We graphically assessed statistical parameters to identify calibrated models and chose input parameters within reasonable ranges of published literature. This helped formulate our recommendation for the modeled pothole area. Finally, AnnAGNPS is limited in its ability to simulate field-scale pothole networks due to the placement of potholes within the model's subbasin network. Investigating high-resolution subbasin delineation or more specific wetland placement may alleviate this issue.


landtechnik 66 (2011), no. 6, pp. 443–447, 3 figures, 2 tables, 6 references n The influence of increased concentrations of airborne particles in stable air on respiratory disease in animals and humans has been proven in numerous studies [1]. Especially the equine respiratory tract is very sensitive to airborne dust. It could be proven in various investigations that the highest generation of airborne particles occurs from bedding materials and roughage feed [1, 2]. Although horses are usually offered a small amount of oats per day which they consume within a few minutes a not unimportant concentration of airborne particles can also occur from oats [3]. Uncleaned whole oats generated a mean PM20 fraction concentration of 9.4 g/m3, while cleaned oats generated 2.5 g/m3. Just the dry cleaning of oats (sieving and suction cleaning of particles) led a reduction in particle generation of up to 80 % (PM20, PM10) [3]. Another option for reducing airborne particles, which has been primarily investigated in pig husbandry, is the mixing of concentrated feedstuffs with animal fat or plant oil, whereby a reduction in the feed dust of 35– 70 % could be achieved [4]. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to analyze the effect of three different liquid additives in three different concentrations mixed with cleaned whole or rolled oats on the generation of airborne particles (PM20, PM10, PM2.5) under standardized laboratory conditions. Materials and Methods The effect of adding a fluid to a feed on the airborne particle generation was investigated under standardized conditions using cleaned whole and rolled oats. A total of 800 kg of commercial cleaned whole oats (harvested in September 2009; weight per litre = 530 g) was used for the analyses. All of the oats came from a single batch and were automatically cleaned using the Aspirateur OPTIMA 2002 NA (Company ZUTHER GmbH, Karwitz, Germany). Half (400 kg) of the cleaned oats were rolled with the roller mill "Universal" (Company Sommer Maschinenbau, Osnabrueck, Germany). Three different liquid additives were chosen for this investigation. tap water ■ n rapeseed oil (APTI, Zentrale Handelsgesellschaft – ■ n ZHG mbH, Germany) sugarbeet molasses (42 % sugar content; MIAVIT GmbH, ■ n Germany) To calculate the most effective amount of liquid additive required to reduce the airborne particle concentrations, each of the liquid additives was added to 2 kg oats in three different concentrations. 1 % (20 g = 20 ml water, 23 ml rapeseed oil, 18 ml molasses) ■ n 2 % (40 g = 40 ml water, 46 ml rapeseed oil, 36 ml molasses) ■ n 3 % (60 g = 60 ml water, 69 ml rapeseed oil, 54 ml molasses) ■ n Mixing technique and method The mixing of the two components (oats and liquid additive) was done with a mixing machine, the table cutter ST11 (Albert Schumann GmbH, Germany) (Figure 1). This consisted of a 15-cm deep, closed bowl (diameter = 55 cm), turned by a motor at a constant speed (19 rotations/min). A vertical homogenizing screw was inserted into the bowl through a slit (width 1 cm; length 5 cm) in the lid. The mixing screw turned counter to the rotatory movement of the bowl at 100 rotations/min. For each of the airborne particle measurements, 2 kg oats (whole or rolled) were weighed out and placed in the bowl of the mixer. After starting the mixer's two motors (for the bowl and for the


Hepatolenticular degeneration (HLD) is an autosomal reoessively inherited disease caused by copper metabolic dysfunction. Its basic biochemical defect is still unclear. In order to investigate the pathogenesis of this disorder, an in vitro model of cultured skin fibroblasts of the patients was established, and intraoellular content of copper in cultured cells was determined by anodic stripping voltammetry. The results revealed that the average copper amount of cells derived from 7 HLD patients was approximately threefold as much as that of normal cells. It was proved that the genetic abnormality of copper accumulation could be expressed in cultured fibroblasts. Thus, a new way for studying HLD has been established. The data also suggest that the cultured skin fibroblasts are useful for early diagnosis and detection of heterozy-gotes.


Chapter objectives Introduce large-scale patterns of dinosaur evolution Develop a deeper understanding of climate in the Mesozoic Era Introduce a few important Mesozoic plants Introduce dinosaur–plant co-evolution Dinosaurs in the Mesozoic Era Throughout much of this book, we have considered dinosaurs as individuals; who they were, what they did, and how they did it. Now we'll step back and take a look at the large-scale ebb and flow of dinosaur evolution. Before we can do that, though, we need to think about what might be missing . Preservation Table 13.1 shows the distribution of dinosaurs among the continents through time. The paucity of dinosaur remains from Australia and Antarctica, however, is surely more a question of local preservation and inhospitable conditions today for finding and collecting fossils, than defining where dinosaurs actually lived. Into this mix must be factored geological preservation; some time intervals simply contain more rocks than others. For example, the terrestrial Middle Jurassic is not well represented by rocks, with the result that it artificially appears to have been a time of very low tetrapod diversity (Box 13.1, p. 278). The Late Cretaceous is rather the opposite, with the happy result that we have a rich record of Late Cretaceous dinosaurs. Several methods of estimating the completeness of fossil preservation have been developed to mitigate these problems (Box 13.2, page 280).


Objective Pancreatic cancer has the worst prognosis of any gastrointestinal cancer,with the mortality approaching the incidence. Early detection is crucial for improving patient prognosis. We therefore performed a meta-analysis to evaluate and compare the sensitivity and specificity of CA19-9 and CA242 in pancreatic cancer. Methods We searched PubMed,EMBASE and the Cochrane Library for studies that evaluated the diagnostic validity of CA19-9 and CA242 between January 1966 and March 2011. Meta-analysis methods were used to pool sensitivity and specificity and to construct a summary receiver-operating characteristic( SROC)curve. Results A total of 11 studies that included 2316 patients who full filled all of the inclusion criteria were considered for analysis. The pooled sensitivities for CA242 and CA19-9 were 0. 719( 95% CI: 0. 690-0. 746) and 0. 803(95% CI: 0. 777- 0. 826),respectively. The pooled specificities of CA242 and CA19-9were 0. 868(95% CI: 0. 849- 0. 885) and 0. 802(95% CI,0. 780- 0. 823),respectively. The diagnostic odds ratio( DOR) estimate was significantly higher for CA242( 16. 261) than for CA19-9( 15. 637).Conclusion Our meta-analysis showed that CA242 and CA19-9 could play different roles in the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer. Although the sensitivity of CA242 is lower than that of CA19-9,its specificity is greater.


Additives Biodegradable Polymers Biomaterials for the Body Biomimetic Materials Biosensors Blends Block Copolymers Block Copolymer Micelles Comb-like Polymers Commercial Resins, Plastics, Elastomers Composites Compatibilizers Conducting Polymers Contact Lens Materials Controlled Release Dendrictic Polymers Dendrimers Dental Polymers Immobilized Enzymes Electrorheological Fluids Engineering Plastics Ferroelectric Polymers Ferromagnetic Polymers Fillers Flame-Resistant Material Flocculants Fluorine-containing Polymers Functional Polymers Gas Barrier Polymers Gas Separation Membranes Gelling Agents Group Transfer Polymerization Cyclopolymerization Hair and Skin Care Polymers Hairy Rod-Like Polymers High Solids Coatings Host-Guest Chemistry Hydrophilic Polymers Hydrophilic Surfaces Hydrogels Hyper-Branched Polymers Immortal Polymerization Inclusion Polymerization Inorganic/Organic Hybrids Interpenetrating Polymer Networks Ionomers Ladder Polymers Liquid Crystalline Polymers Living Polymers (Radical, Cation, Anion, and Coordination) Macrocyclic Polymers Macromonomers Membranes Metallocene Catalysis Metal Complexation Polymers Microbial Polymers Microencapsulated particles Microspheres Molecular Assemblies Molecular Complexes Molecular Composites Molecular Recognition Monodisperse Particles Monodisperse Polymers Network Polymers New Catalysts Systems New Fabrics New Initiating Systems New Living Polymer Systems New Polymerization Methods New Resins Nonlinear Optical Materials Nonthrombogenic Polymers Nucleic Acid Analogs Olefin-Carbon Monoxide Copolymers Optically Active Polymers Organometallic Polymers Pervaporation Membranes Phase Transfer Catalysts Phosphorous-Containing Polymers Photochromic Polymers Photoinitiators New Polymer Systems Poly (Ether Ketone) Poly (Ether Sulfone) Polyelectrolytes Polyelectrolyte Complexes Polyesters Polyimides Polymers from Natural Resources Polysilanes Preceramic Polymers Recycling Ring-Opening Polymerization Smart Materials Star Polymers Supramolecular Assembly Surface Modification Polymeric Surfactants Suture Materials Thermoplastic Composites Thermoreversible Gels Water-Borne Coatings Ziegler-Natta Catalysts Zwitterionic Polymerization


Beef cattle grazing is the dominant economic use of the tropical woodlands of northern Australia. Land condition has declined over a large part of the region as a result of over-utilisation of pastures through poor management of grazing, fire and vegetation. While often assumed to be the case, there is little empirical evidence to support a link between deteriorating land condition and reduced economic outcomes for livestock production. A model of a representative livestock enterprise near Charters Towers in northern Queensland is used in conjunction with a simulation of 100 trials that is consistent with long-term rainfall in the region to examine the relationship between stocking rates, animal production and economic outcomes. The present study supports a view that ecological and economic outcomes of grazing management do have some general linkages. However, the linkages are less direct than suggested by common definitions of resource degradation and simple stocking rate models. Key economic parameters include the reproductive performance of breeding herds, the level and duration of supplementary feeding required to meet seasonal feed shortages under different land condition and stocking rate regimes, and additional capital invested in larger herds when stocking rates are increased. An overgrazing spiral is hypothesised whereby there is a short-term economic incentive to exploit the natural capital of land in good condition by grazing at relatively high stocking rates. Should land condition deteriorate, a much lower stocking rate is warranted. In an extreme case of a shift to very poor land condition, there is limited scope for profitable production. The 100 year mean values of many production variables for good and moderate condition land for the range of stocking rates trialled are similar. The inherent variation in climatic conditions in the woodlands region and the ability and skills of managers may lead to the actual differences in these measures passing un-noticed before major land resource problems become apparent.


Total glossectomy for cancer is a very mutilating surgery. It is possible to preserve the larynx if it is not involved but reconstructive procedures are often insufficient. A complementary laryngectomy must often be performed. We present a new procedure using a gastroomental free flap for reconstruction after total glossectomy with conservation of the larynx. This flap gives excellent functional results and minimizes the problems of swallowing and aspirations. The suppleness of the flap allows free vertical movement of the larynx and constriction of the pharynx during swallowing. The omentum also provides excellent protection against fistula formation and vascular ruptures.


OBJECTIVES
To compare the DNA-based sputum evaluation with histopathology for the diagnosis of tracheo-bronchial tuberculosis (TBTB).

STUDY DESIGN
Case series.   Place and Duration of Study: Tianjin Haihe Hospital, Tianjin Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Tianjin, China, from January to June 2017.

METHODOLOGY
TBTB patients, who underwent bronchoscopy during the study period, were included. Their bronchoscopy presentations, histopathology, and induced sputum deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and culture results were analysed. Results were expressed as frequency percentage.

RESULTS
There were 110 subjects. Most patients were young females with coughing. The main TBTB subtype was fibrostenotic, while the most common findings were single level lesions and lobar bronchi. The diagnostic rates were 40.43%, 67.86%, and 68.54% for DNA-based analysis of induced sputum, histopathology, and induced sputum culture, respectively. Only in the edematous-hyperemic subtype was the positivity rate of DNA-based analysis of induced sputum higher than in histopathology. In the fibrostenotic subtype, the histopathologic results were superior for diagnosis.

CONCLUSION
A combination of induced sputum and biopsy using DNA-based methods is a superior and exact method to diagnose TBTB. DNA-based analysis of induced sputum for mycobacterium tuberculosis can be used for preliminary impressions. Key Words: Tracheo-bronchial tuberculosis, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Pathology, Multiplex polymerase chain reaction, Sputum.


Objective To probe the X ray and CT findings of pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP). Methods The X ray and CT findings of 6 cases with pathologically proven PAP were retrospectively analyzed. Results Symmetry or dissymmetry ground glass opacities and air space opacities were found in X ray films, distributed on two lungs,radiated from hila to sides, forming butter fly signs. On HRCT, a variety of abnormalities were found as follows:①diffuse ill defined nodular shadows to diffuse patchy cloudy shadows,ground glass and consolidation opacities ( n =6), distributed geographically ( n =5), ②butter fly signs ( n =2), ③air bronchogram sign ( n =3), and ④"crazy paving" ( n =5), the characteristic appearance of typical PAP. Conclusion The typical CT features of PAP are helpful to the diagnosis of PAP. Transbronchial lung biopsy is still the main approach to the final diagnosis of PAP.


Research about psychologists and specifically the well-being of psychologists is scarce and of great concern. This study aimed to explore a group of South African psychologists' experiences of well-being with reference to competencies and contests and was a most necessary study when considering the important role of psychologists in the health sector. Positive psychology formed the theoretical framework for the study, as well-being, meaning, resilience and positive affect are core concepts of this perspective. Unstructured interviews were conducted with fourteen psychologists with the purpose of obtaining rich data concerning South African psychologists' experiences of well-being. Thematic analysis allowed for the identification of themes via inductive reasoning and categories via deductive reasoning. Four main themes were identified, namely work content and work context, relational functioning, self-care practices and personal


Child temperament has proved a useful predictor of personal fit, academic per- formance and social integration. A study of the temperament was made with 68 participants in an Early Stimulation Program for Babies at Risk. Half of the mothers received informa- tion and advice about their child's temperament. The trait "Level of Activity" interacted with the Development Quotient (p=.026). The agreement between mother and an external observer was low (kappa<.30). Six months later (N=31) there was an increase of DQ (p=.022) and a stabilitization in temperament traits. Nevertheless, children whose mothers were advised showed a "Level of Activity" higher than the control group (p=.023). The results are discussed in the light of the Thomas and Chess' Goodness of Fit model.


Foot Rot (Phytophthora spp.) is an important disease in Indonesia and in the world. Around 35% of citrus plantations have been damaged by the complex of foot rot disease and Diplodia disease (Botryodiplodia theobromae), mainly in swamps and irrigated fields. The spread of the disease is fast, but the knowledge of citrus farmers is still limited, causing rapid death in production plants. This paper purpose is to provide an overview of the citrus root disease control from research studies supporting the efforts of Good Agricultural Practices in Indonesia. Usually farmers only rely on systemic pesticides to control disease, but it is not always successful. Control by means of healthy cultivation is highly recommended in supporting green agroindustry and saving nature. Integrated and rational control strategies, require knowledge of the ecology and epidemic of diseases ranging from seedlings to gardens. Propagule pathogens can survive in seeds, tree stumps, soil, even in alternative hosts. Therefore, to control the disease it must be directed not only to oranges but also to alternative hosts as well and to destroy pathogenic retention sites. The recommended integrated control strategy is to use disease-resistant plants, making sewers, garden sanitation, and optimal maintenance. This method is very effective and environmentally friendly.


The different ENSO indexes with monthly precipitation grid date of 0.5°×0.5°in China are analyzed by delay correlation for the step of 0~12month.The result reveals that the precipitation in China shows different responses with different ENSO indexes.Nino1+2and Nino3are selected as the representative indexes by contrasting the significance and distribution area of the correlation.These ENSO indexes show an obviously positive correlation with the precipitation in China.The distribution of correlation in China can be divided into five regions as follows:northeast,southeast,north of northwest,west of southwest,southeast of northwest and east of southwest of China.China can be divided into four regions by most obvious response time as follows:northern north China,southwest western region,most areas of China and southeast.


The wake behind a wall-mounted finite-length circular cylinder of the aspect ratio 2 stuck out of a wall was studied experimentally using stereo PIV technique. The cylinder was mounted normal to a ground plane and it was subjected to a cross-flow with thin boundary layer developed on the wall, the Reynolds number based on inflow velocity and cylinder diameter was 9.7 thousands. The time-averaged velocity and streamwise vorticity fields showed the development of the mean flow structure consisting of the tip vortex pair, the extent of the near-wake recirculation zone with back-flow, the downwash phenomenon and base vortex structures close to the wall.


Municipal solid waste incinerator by-products include fly ash and air pollution control residues. In order to transform these wastes into reusable species, soluble alkali chlorides must be separated and toxic trace elements must be stabilized. In this paper, alkali chlorides can be extracted efficiently in an aqueous extraction step combining a calcium phosphate gel precipitation. In such a process, sodium and potassium chlorides are obtained free from calcium salts, and the trace metal ions are immobilized in the calcium phosphate matrix. Fly ash spiked with copper ions and treated by this process shows improved stability of metal ions. Leaching tests with water or EDTA reveal a significant drop in metal ion dissolution.


We report a case of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy due to systolic total narrowing of side branches of all major coronary arteries.


Neil Smith's writings about capitalism and what we call "nature" were insightful and influential. This paper asks what Smith would make of the "radical turn" today occurring in the world of international geoscience. If we "think with" Smith, how should we view Naomi Klein's recent statement that geoscientists can act as fifth columnists calling the capitalist way of life into question? In the first half of the essay I address these questions. I summarise and apply the insights of Smith's writings to recent developments in international geoscience. Smith wrote about science in most of his published statements about capitalist ecology and I show that he would ultimately have regarded Klein as hopeful, even naive. I then go on, in the second half of the essay, to "think against" Smith. I suggest his views on science bespeak a wider, unhelpful separation between Left scholarship in the social sciences and humanities and the STEM subjects (science, technology, engineering, and medicine). Recalling earlier attempts to radicalise science politically, and highlighting the radical potentials of geoscience today, I make the case for forms of interdisciplinarity that might render geoscience more political. Though this case opens space for perspectives beyond the Marxism Smith did so much to develop, he would—I hope—see it as a legitimate part of the Left's long war against capitalism's rule over society and environment.


The blast trauma on Navy occurs both in military, and in a peace time. The defeats by various factors of blasts are possible at personnel being on ships, afloat, under water, on shoal. The mine blast wounds and injuries, the particular case of blast trauma, are highly actual. When rendering the medical-sanitary aid to defeated at blasts is required the differentiated and pathogenetically reasonable medical and diagnostic approach. In article are described the algorithms of a therapeutic aid to defeated at blasts on Navy. The materials of article were included into new textbooks on naval surgery and naval therapy published in Russian Military Medical Academy in 2015.


The indicators of oilseeds and oils obtained from them characterizing the possibility of their use in the production of biofuel are analyzed. The results of the study of oilseed radish as a crop, which is a potential resource base for biofuel production, are presented. Chromatographic studies of the oil obtained from oilseed radish are performed, and its viscosity, density and calorific v alue aredetermined.


How can the students from the secondary technical schools develop into senior technicians from a novice? This paper discusses this topic by analyzing the detailed technical progress achieved by the students from a novice to a senior technician based on student internship program.The progress goes through these steps of: socialization,exteriorization,organization,and interiority.Both the positive influence of schools on their students after internship and the successful cooperation between schools and enterprises will lead to the smooth transition of students from novices to senior technicians.The efficient connection between the theoretical knowledge from the professional books at school and the practical skills at enterprises will enable the goal of the on-going development of student technical skills to be reached.


Written expression is critical to the full participation of individuals with autism spectrum disorder and complex communication needs in a wide range of educational and community contexts. Unfortunately, the extant research on teaching writing to this unique population is limited and, thus, provides little guidance to practitioners in the design of instruction. In this article, the authors present a set of recommendations extracted from the available research literature on teaching writing to students with autism spectrum disorder, offer examples of their successful application, and suggest areas of future research.


A straightforward hydrothermal process followed by a controlled calcination technique is proposed for the synthesis of a Ni(OH)2 modified NiO nanohybrid structure. Conversion materials such as Li-ion battery anodes, NiO in this case, suffer from capacity fade and structural/morphological instability during lithiation and delithiation. The novelty of this work is in utilizing this hybrid configuration to increase the specific capacity and enable reversible electrochemistry. In the present work, we study the lithiation/delithiation process of NiO using a suite of spectroscopy and microscopy techniques from the atomic to electrode scale. We propose a mechanism for a reversible redox couple behavior of the NiO electrode by means of a hybrid Ni(OH)2/NiO structure. The ultimate objective of this work is to guide the development of anode with rationally designed heterogeneity to create high-capacity Li-ion batteries with excellent cycling and rate performance.


This empirical study of the impact of EMU on capital market integration and consumptionsmoothing comes to three conclusions: first, EMU promotes members' holdings of foreign assetsand foreign liabilities; second, no benefits of consumption smoothing result; third, EU membership,not a single money, nevertheless increases consumption smoothing. The source of this lastinfluence on consumption smoothing is an important issue. Theoretically it could come frommore tradable capital through greater price competition, more contestable home markets and thegreater harmonization of regulations. There is also a seeming conflict between our results andthose of one strand of the literature. However, the relevant writings concentrate on the effects ofasymmetric output shocks while we study the unconditional impact of international portfolio diversificationin the presence of all shocks. This can explain the difference.


The purpose of this Innovations Deserving Exploratory Analysis (IDEA) project was to develop cost effective devices to clean electrified third rail insulators for rail transit systems. A prototype cleaning device was built and field tested on two transit systems.


The purpose of the study was to investigate the influence of criterion level on the discrimination of highly confusable letters in beginning reading. Forty children were randomly assigned to four conditions. One-half of the subjects were exposed to simultaneous discriminations and the other one-half to successive discriminations. The groups were equally divided as to criterion level, i.e., four vs. nine consecutively correct responses. A verbal associates transfer task followed criterion on visual discrimination. The simultaneous mode produced fewer trials to criterion than the successive mode on visual discrimination but not on transfer. On successive discriminations, a criterion of four required fewer trials than a criterion of nine on visual discrimination but a significantly greater number of trials on transfer.


In the calculation of molecular weight averages by GPC, the traditional method uses the calibration curve obtained at the same concentration as the samples, which results in a large degree of disagreement between molecular weight averages at several concentrations. Because of the concentration dependence of peak elution position in gel permeation chromatography of polymers, correct molecular weight averages cannot be obtained if calibration concentrations are the same as sample concentrations. A computation approach which uses calibration curves at finite and zero concentrations and can correct concentration effects is shown. The concentration used varied from 0.1% up to 0.4%. The elution chromatogram was divided into several parts, and concentration of species at each elution point was obtained from a concentration–peak height calibration curve. Molecular weight at the point was obtained from a molecular weight–elution volume calibration curve corresponding to a concentration of species at the point, and molecular weight averages were calculated by using the usual method. Nearly identical values for molecular weight averages could be obtained at different concentrations, and additional support for this approach is that these values for molecular weight averages were in fair agreement with NBS data.


The condensation reactions of 5-amino-4-cyano-3-substituted-1H-pyrazole 2 or 3 with enaminones 1 in the presence of glacial acetic acid gave twelve new 7-aryl-3-cyano-2-substituted pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines 4 and 5 at room temperature. Their structures were characterized by elemental analysis, IR and 1H NMR. The structure of 4a was further confirmed by X-ray crystallography analysis. A plausible reaction mechanism for the formation of the title compounds was also proposed. The bioassay tests showed that compounds 4a, 4c, 4e, 4f, 5a and 5d possessed moderate herbicidal activity.


Major International (Regional) Joint Research Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China [51420105014]; National Science Foundation for Critical Zone Observatory [NSF-EAR-1331408]; Ministry of Water Resources' non-profit special funds for scientific research on public causes [201401034]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [51609175]; Open Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering [2015490211]; China Three Geogres Corporation [0799556]


Comparing the lifespan and the proliferative potential of E. coli and MTB, we see a reverse relationship. E. coli live short, and grow fast. It just takes 18-20 minutes for them to duplicate. Conversely, MTBs live long, are quite tolerant to different environments, and grow so slowly that their duplication time exceeds 18 hrs. The duplication time of mycobacterium leprae is even longer, so that all the cultivation efforts have failed. Although nobody knows exactly how long these bacteria can live since they cannot be cultivated, it can be postulated that they live very long. That explains why leprosy is so difficult to cure.


Peace keeping is a peaceful third party intervention which operates with a set of guiding principles that include the consent of the parties to the conflict, impartiality and the non use of force except in self-defense. This paper examines peacekeeping operations across the globe, particularly, in Africa and West African sub-region, with emphasis on Nigeria's role in the Liberian and Sierra Leone crises. It also analyzes the costs and benefits of the operations to the country within the period under review. The idealist theory was adopted as the tool of analysis, while the methodology was the systematic qualitative content analysis derived mainly from secondary sourced materials. The paper found out that keeping peace in one country is invariably saving an entire sub-region or region from possible spillover effects. More so, the resources expended on peacekeeping operations by Nigeria are at the expense of the country's domestic imperatives –welfare of citizens and infrastructural development. The paper concludes by recommending reduction of financial cost of peacekeeping and prioritizing the welfare of citizens. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2013.v4n16p27


It is investigated that by using orthogonal test,the single factor experiment method,etc,the influence and interaction of the two kinds of anionic surfactant Dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid sodium(LAS) and Polyoxyethylene(AES) is as the Suppression aerosol on the Fog suppression efficiency of Hydrochloric acid rust remover.The experimental results show that the interaction does not exist when adding LAS or AES separately.In the formulations of hydrochloric acid rust,adding 0.5% AES can be 98.3% effective in suppressing fog,which is a very satisfactory result.


We examine plane waves of the elastic reduced wave equation in the half-space, and show that linear combinations of them can cover all plane waves on the boundary. The proof is based on the complex analysis for the symbol in the (dual) variable in the normal direction to the boundary.


Background: Pulmonary hypertension (PH) occurs with an overall prevalence estimated at 15 per one million individuals. PH is only defined in the resting state and is present when the catheter derived mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP) exceeds 25 mmHg. Objective: To assess the clinical, echocardiographic, and hemodynamic changes occurring to patients with severe pulmonary hypertension after mitral valve replacement in early and mid-term period. Patients and methods: This study included 40 patients, who underwent mitral valve replacement for mitral valve disease with severe PH > 50 mmHg) were studied prospectively for immediate and midterm (after 2 years) postoperative hemodynamics and outcomes. This study was conducted in Shebeen El-Koom Teaching Hospital during the period August 2016 to December 2019. Results: The early and mid-term results of mitral valve replacement in patients with pulmonary hypertension were good with functional improvement and reduction of pulmonary hypertension. By the end of the study, some complications, which were successfully managed, were reported and survival at two years was 92.5%. Conclusion: Mitral valve replacement (MVR) was safe and effective operation even in patients with severe pulmonary hypertension (PH) with acceptable operative mortality, and a significant improvement in echocardiographic parameters, pulmonary pressure, and NYHA classification.


encoding Transcription Factor 4. Variants in TCF4 usually occur de novo in children with severe phenotype, milder phenotypes inherited autosomal dominant We have examined 9 patients (4 boys and 5 girls) with Pitt-Hopkins aged 1 to 12 years. Array-comparative genomic hybridization was performed in 5 children Target areas of the exome were investigated by massive parallel sequencing (NGS) in 4 cases. Validation of the identified variants was carried out by the Sanger method. De novo microdeletions 1 revealed in 5 cases: arr 18q21.2q21.32 (51266708_56293087) ×1, arr 18q21.2 (52691678_52999165) ×1, arr 18q21.2q21.1 (50029734_61654329) ×1, arr 18q21.2q21.31 (51620900_54883094) ×1, arr18q21.2q21.31 (49493248_55403360) ×1. Detected deletions was from 307 Kb to 1162 Mb. We identified 4 different mutations in the TCF4 gene in 4 patients with Pitt-Hopkins syndrome: c.961+2T>C, c.1452 +1G>T, c.1634C>G, c.2033G>A. Spectrum of mutations represented by splicing site mutations, nonsense and missense mutations. All children had severe motor development delay and muscle hypotonia. Only one child was able to walk independently. All children had severe mental retardation. Expressive speech represented by vocalizations, individual words. Autistic and behavioral disorders were in 6 children. Severe episodes of hyperventilation followed by apnea observed in one child. Dysmorphic features included coarse face, protruding lower face, deep-set eyes, upslanting palpebral fissures, high, wide nose bridge, wide open mouth, cupid's bow upper lip – thick, fleshy lips, cup-shaped ears. Three children diagnosed with myopia, scoliosis in one case. Brain MRI (in 4 children) show hypoplasia/dysplasia of the corpus callosum, atrophy/hypoplasia of the cerebellum, Dandy – Walker anomaly, hydrocephalus, small hippocampus size. Conclusion Pitt-Hopkins syndrome is important for the differential diagnosis in children with severe mental retardation and behavioral disorders.


Despite its limitations, ethanol remains the most commonly used liquid for the preservation of arthropod specimens and their D n A in the field. Arthropod ecology and taxonomy have witnessed a substantial increase in the use of various trapping and molecu - lar methods in the past two decades. However, the methods of collecting and the preservation liquids most widely used in arthropod traps do not properly preserve DNA. Trap-collected specimens are typically of limited utility for molecular studies due to the poor preservation of DNA. A stable and cheap substance that can be used to trap arthropods in and preserve their DNA is therefore needed. Here we test whether (i) 2% SDS, 100mM e DTA, (ii) 1% SDS, 50mM e DTA and (iii) 0.66% SDS, 33mM e DTA can preserve D n A of small and medium-sized beetles for one, four and eight weeks. Preservation of D n A was tested using PC r amplification of parts of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I (Cox1) and nuclear 28S r rn A genes. All the solutions tested preserved D n A for at least up to eight weeks and we recommend 2% SDS and 100mM e DTA as a cheap, stable and easily transportable alternative to ethanol for preserving specimens and their D n A collected in the field. This solution is also suitable for using as the collection and preservation liquid in arthropod traps.


The vertical distribution of chlorophyll was evaluated at three "interior" channels, connected with the Magellan Strait (Inutil Bay to Parry Bay; Otway Sound to Channel Jeronimo and Inlet Agostini to Channel Magdalena). The chlorophyll evaluation is also done at two "external" channels with a direct communication with the open ocean (Channels Beagle and Ballenero and Cape Horn - Nassau bays). The distribution of chlorophyll in the interior channels show a nucleus with concentrations from 1,5 to 7 mg m –3 located in the photic zone. Beneath this level, the values are minimum. (< 0,5 mg m –3 ). The Channel Ballenero shows a large nucleus of chlorophylls in the protected area. By opposite sense, in the oceanic area of the channel the concentration was lower than 0,5 mg m –3 . The distribution of pigments in Cape Horn is similar to that of Channel Ballenero, with high values in the channel Murray, where a biological front builds up. The dispersion diagrams do not show the relationship between the photic zone and the integrated values of chlorophyll and phaeopigments. Nevertheless, the relationship could be explained by the rate between active chlorophyll and phaeopigments, and by the relationship between the depth of the mixing zone and the photic zone. The high proportion of chlorophyll over the phaeopigments represents the phase of phytoplankton


Several ion channels and transporters regulate fluid secretion in salivary and lacrimal glands. In salivary glands, the major anion channel involved in fluid secretion is the calcium‐activated chloride channel anoctamin 1 (ANO1). Several members of the transient receptor potential (TRP) channel superfamily regulate ANO1 activity. Here, we report a functional interaction between thermosensitive TRP vanilloid (TRPV)4 and ANO1 in acinar cells isolated from mouse salivary and lacrimal glands. TRPV4 activation induced chloride currents and shrinkage of acinar cells by increasing intracellular calcium concentrations. The chloride currents evoked by a TRPV4‐specific activator (GSK1016790A) were identified as ANOl‐mediated currents. Moreover, TRPV4 activation by an inositol 1,4,5‐trisphosphate (IP3)‐dependent mechanism was found to contribute to the muscarinic pathway of fluid secretion. Muscarinic stimulation of saliva and tear secretion was down‐regulated in both TRPV4‐deficient mice and in acinar cells treated with a TRPV4‐specific antagonist (HC‐067047). Furthermore, the temperature dependence of muscarinic salivation was shown to depend mainly on TRPV4. Our results suggest that TRPV4 interacts with IP3 receptors and ANO1 to regulate the muscarinic pathway that mediates salivation and lacrimation.— Derouiche, S., Takayama, Y., Murakami, M., Tominaga, M. TRPV4 heats up ANO1‐dependent exocrine gland fluid secretion. FASEB J. 32, 1841–1854 (2018). www.fasebj.org


Networking has proven to be a very effective, low cost, world wide approach for the dissemination and exchange of information about the Vetiver Grass Technology (VGT). As a result over the past decade tens of thousands of users have applied VGT as a solution to a wide range of environmental problems. VGT has had, amongst others, significant impact in: improving soil and water conservation; stabilizing manmade (engineered) slopes; rehabilitating land, including mines, waste land, ravines; prevention of floods, and the recharging of groundwater.


Abstract This paper casts light on the onomastic landscape of the Eastern Pyrenees. Against the background of toponymic evidence we get insights into its prehistoric ethnicity and in particular into its celticity. The etymology of artigue/Artigue both as a common and as a proper noun remains a controversial issue of linguistic research on the Pyrenees. Linguists still tend to adhere to the traditional assessment of an Iberian origin. However – as will be argued here – it can be brought into a more effectual relationship with a Celtic etymology. Evidence is given for a prehistoric language island being situated on the upper reaches of the river Tech and surrounded by speakers of the Iberian language. Special attention is drawn to the etymology of the name of the river Tech. The hydronym is considered to be of Celtic origin. May it be that it derives from the name of the Gaulish tribe of the Tectosages ?


bishop tells the archdeacon of Northampton that local custom takes precedence over other law in this matter, and that he must stop unjust extortion: he reminds him of the proverb 'quod sanguinem elicit qui nimis emungit' (v. 42). Again, Sutton descends heavily on the apparitor of Dunstable deanery for indiscriminate ex-qfficio accusations in chapter of laymen against whom there was no antecedent ill-fame (vi. 16). Naturally, the current business of the diocese often required reference to earlier records, and these were sometimes entered into the register. Most of them come from the existing rolls of the thirteenth-century bishops of Lincoln, but three are of peculiar interest: the letter by which archbishop Anselm reported how he had inspected the relics of St. Neot in its shrine—and kept a bone for himself—when he was abbot of Bee (v. 79-80), and two letters of bishop Robert de Chesney, bishop of Lincoln (d. 1166) relating to the priory of St. Katherine and the hospital of Holy Sepulchre at Lincoln (v. 86-8). A work of this magnitude imposes very heavy demands on an editor, both in the transcription and emendation of the text and in the identification of thousands of persons and places. Professor Hill has maintained the high editorial standard noted in volumes i and ii. Few errors have been noted which call for remark: I would suggest emending 'pater sancte non moveam nisi placet' to 'pater sancte non moveamini si placet' in a respectful complaint from bishop Sutton to pope Boniface vin about provisions in the church of Lincoln (vi. 63). A member of Sutton's household described as armiger literatus should surely not be given, with some other armigeri, the rank of knight (iii. p. xxvii). The church of 'Kyrkeby in Kendale' is identified tentatively as Kirkby Lonsdale (vol. iv. 134-5, 180-1): this must be really the church of Kendal, and the business concerned leaves other traces in the York registers of Romeyn (i. 341, 350-1) and Corbridge (i. 290, 294). But the faults are few and trifling. All historians of the thirteenth-century Church owe Miss Hill a great debt for providing so fine an edition of so valuable a register. And they may learn from her admonition not to expect of it what it does not give. As she remarks with a charming mixture of wisdom and charity: 'There were doubtless men and women whose lives were full of the beauty of holiness, but since they constituted no problem of diocesan administration the records have nothing to say of them' (iii. p. lxiv).


Animal Health Ireland (AHI) is a recently established, not-for-profit, partnership-based organisation. It provides benefits to livestock producers and processors by providing the knowledge, education and coordination required to establish effective control strategies, both on-farm and nationally. Initial AHI work identified seven disease priorities, one of which was udder health. Work programmes are being established, focusing on each of these priority areas. The udder health programme CellCheck, is based on the following principles: (1) building awareness-A comprehensive communication strategy is raising awareness of the factors contributing to mastitis, realistic and achievable solutions along with the benefits of improving mastitis control; (2) setting standards-CellCheck will provide a means for the industry to collectively set ambitious but achievable goals for national milk quality; (3) delivering best practice-CellCheck is developing evidence-based technical resources, subject to continual evaluation, including external peer review; (4) building capacity-CellCheck will develop the capacity of the various service provider groups, facilitate collaboration and also empower farmers to take responsibility for mastitis management on their own farms.


Object of the present invention is to provide an optical collector substrate and a display device using it can be effectively used in the color of light while avoiding light transmission. The optical substrate of optically transmissive material (20) has the following structure: a main plane (21) incident from the substrate side toward the hole formed on the other principal plane of (201) (22) an array of locally focused. A main plane (21) is provided with a predetermined refractive index optically transmissive filler (2m) filled grooves (2v), filled grooves (2V) allowed from a main plane (21) on one side of incident light is collected to the respective hole (201).


Abstract C60 powder samples of varying impurity content have been investigated by neutron scattering techniques. For Q > 2.5 A−1 (Q = transferred momentum) strong elastic diffuse scattering is found below Tc ~ 260 K providing evidence of static disorder in the low temperature phase. The elastic scattering increases on cooling from Tc to 150 K but remains virtually constant below this temperature. There is no marked dependence on the impurity level. For Q > 2.5 A−1 elastic diffuse scattering obeying a sin(QR)/(QR) law is observed both above and below the phase transition (R= radius of C60 molecule). This scattering is nearly independent of temperature, however, depends strongly on the amount of impurities in the sample. In order to account for the unusually strong elastic diffuse scattering intensity model calculations have been performed which relate orientational disorder in C60 to the elastic scattering observed in powder samples.


The time structure of the synchrotron light is same as beam signal in the storage ring.Therefore,the bunch length measurement can be done by measuring the optical pulse in frequency-domain.Based on the principle,the bunch length measurement system was developed using harmonic method.The system used the high-speed photoreceiver that converted optical signal to electrical signal,collected four of the signal frequency components,and then calculated the bunch length.The hardware and software design of the system was presented.The variation of bunch length with beam current was measured using the system,which was consistent with the measurement result of the streak camera.


Handheld devices and smartphone at present are being used as a high potential learning devices and due to which the enhancement of academic curriculum based on smart devices have major impact on quality education. The increased popularity of tablets made its usage in education field also. This paper focuses on the design and development of a SmartTab, which is a prototype of a Smart Tablet having characteristics of both a tablet and a laptop. It is one of the tablet working with a desktop OS (Raspbian), which makes it different from other tablets that are designed with mobile OS. It is designed with some different aspects such as providing ports for input/output, connections for any display device such as LCD, etc. Thus it is different from traditional tablets, but includes features of them as well along with some new features. Traditional tablets mainly serves as an entertainment medium, while SmartTab can be useful for both entertainment as well as learning purposes. This paper presents PyQT framework as an effective tool which provides the cross-platform design & development of Smart Learning System.


Free standing dual-layer metallic contact microstructures using cantilevers, doubly clamped bridges, and quadruply clamped crosses are formed using conventional micromachining techniques on a substrate to form test sockets. These structures make electrical contacts to solder balls or metallic bumps in Ball Grid Array (BGA) devices. The micromachined contact structures compensate for structural, thermal, and mechanical variations of the solder balls and metallic bumps in BGA devices. Contacts to the solder balls and metallic bumps are made by suspended microbeams able to deflect depending on the force exerted by the solder balls and metallic bumps. Larger solder balls will cause a larger deflection of the microbeam, on the other hand, smaller solder balls and metallic bumps will result in a smaller deflection of these microbeams. All these microstructures have at least 10 microns deflection range within the elastic range of the copper beam, thereby, satisfying the mechanical requirement for common test socket applications.


The design of efficient parallel processing implementations for speeding up the computationally intensive estimation of higher order statistics (HOS) has been recognized as an important task by the signal processing community. We report on the synthesis of minimum running time (latency) data-parallel algorithms that can be employed to compute all moment lags, up to the 3rd or 4th-order, on the MasPar-1 single instruction multiple data (SIMD) parallel system. By construction the synthesized SIMD algorithms require constant memory per processing element (PE), thus allowing the processing of 1-D input data sequences with as many as M=2/sup 10/ data samples. Simulation results are presented showing the gain in speedup and execution times, as compared to optimized versions of the serial estimation algorithm running in powerful workstations.


texturizing composition comprising a texturizing agent and a hardstock (hardstock) phase, wherein the texturizing composition substantially the same physical properties as hardstocks, the characterized texturizing composition being that the texturizing agent consists essentially of one or more fatty acid esters sterol esters of one or more stanol fatty acid or mixtures thereof and that the texturizing composition comprises at least 60% of the texturizing agent.


The large, shallow, circular depression in Utopia Planitia has been identified as a huge impact basin, based on both geological evidence and detailed analysis of MOLA topography. Its diameter (approximately 3000 km) is equivalent to that of the Hellas basin, as is its inferred age (early Noachian). However, there the similarity ends. Their appearance, both surficially and geophysically, are virtually polar opposites. Whereas Hellas is extremely deep with rough terrain and large slopes, high-precision MOLA measurements were required to unambiguously define the smooth, shallow, almost imperceptible bowl of the Utopia basin. Conversely, Utopia displays one of the largest (non-Tharsis-related) positive geoid anomalies on Mars, in contrast to a more subdued negative anomaly over Hellas. As these two features presumably formed roughly contemporaneously by similar mechanisms, it is reasonable to assume that they were originally quite similar, and that their differences are due largely to different paths of subsequent modification. The obvious source for these differences is in their elevations: Hellas is located in the southern highlands at a rim elevation of about 3km, whereas Utopia is in the lowlying northern plains, at an average elevation of 4 km. Thus Utopia has been in an especially gravitationally favorable position to be subjected to infilling, for example, by lava flows, sedimentation, or water. In fact, its floor was almost certainly the lowest point on the planet at one time, and it would have been the termination point for down-slope drainage from over two-thirds of Mars. Thus the nature of the material filling this basin has strong connections to the sedimentary and/or volcanic processes acting on Mars in the Noachian and Early Hesperian periods. In particular, it may be able to shed some light on amount and persistence of water on early Mars in general and in the Utopia basin in particular. In this study I will use the inferred early correspondence between Hellas and Utopia to investigate Utopia's subsurface structure.


The net accumulation of human capital through the cultivation of cognitive and non-cognitive skills and knowledge, is an important source of change in professional and personal people's life. Past work experience has a direct effect on wage levels and their growth; thus, it influences the achievable level of consumption and leisure and lifecycle wealth. This paper analyzes the relation between labor supply, consumption and human capital accumulation in a dynamic learning-by-doing setting. We model in a continuous time framework, the optimal control problem of a household that takes decisions on the level of consumption and labor supplied to maximize logarithmic utility from consumption and leisure subject to the constraints arising from inter-temporal accumulation of human and liquid wealth. We analyze an optimal learning-by-doing program in a deterministic framework, determine explicitly the optimal control policies and comment on their economic implications.


Based on the cluster analysis on the development situation of Yangtze River Delta Metropolitan Region innovation system, this paper builds up systematic dynamics model of the Yangtze River Metropolitan Region innovation system and analyzes its operation mechanism by simulation. The simulating conclusions show that macro management efficiency for sub-system of government increasing constantly; growth for sub-system of business mainly relying on labor and investment so as to having obvious extensive features; sub-system of college and research institution playing an important role in the development of Yangtze River Metropolitan Region innovation system; innovation investment, technology introducing and technology export forming key factors for technology market development of the metropolitan region innovation system.


world economy have led companies to restructure themselves in order to compete globally. Debates in the academic community about the changing demand for workplace skills with the globalization of the economy are paralleled in the business literature about what it takes to create a productive business (e.g., [8, 22, 24]). Business goals for such improvements as computer systems, work systems, or learning organizations are heavily influenced by underlying assumptions about how people work and how organizations function. In this article I examine these underlying assumptions and outline their implications for design. I suggest that underlying assumptions rooted in different conceptions of work coexist within an organization and represent different lenses through which people in the organization peer. One such lens, or conception of work, I call an "organizational, explicit" view, the other an "activity-oriented, tacit" view (see Table 1). Each of these perspectives carries different implications for the design of work and technologies. 1 An organizational perspective on work is an explicit view and is represented, for example, by sets of defined tasks and operations such as those described in methods and procedures, which fulfill a set of business functions (the work-flow approach reflects this; see [16].) This view of work differs from an activity-oriented approach, which suggests that the range of activities, communication practices, relationships, and coordination it takes to accomplish business functions is complex and continually mediated by


Mongolia ore is introduced in order to reduce pellet production costs in Baotou steel because of the increasing prices of iron concentrate year by year. But the production experience for pellets containing Mongolian ore is in short, and the basic characteristics of the pellets need to be analyzed. Previous analysis show that the particle size of Mongolia concentrate is relatively small, which could not be used alone but could be used with coarse grain size home-made concentrate [1,2]. The ballability index of Mongolia ore concentrate is 0.35. The Crystal stock characteristics of Mongolia mine is poor, which lead to the average strength of the pellets drop to 942.7N. With home-made concentrate mixed with Mongolian mine ratio increases, the intensity of the crystal stock also shows a downward trend, while the ratio more than 65% of Mongolia mine later, even crystal stock level dropped significantly.


It has recently been recognized that capaci tance of the hand and forearm to free space can cause a potentially damaging, 1 to < ns Initial spike, with <lns risetime, in ESD cur rent discharge waveforms. ESD simulators can now replicate the spike. Oscilloscopes in general use can often barely recognize this wave characteristic however, due to bandwidth limitations. It is the purpose of this paper quantitatively to predict what will be dis played as a result of this ESD spike Input, on oscilloscopes with bandwidths ranging from 60 MHz to 1000 MHz. Also presented are computer printouts including arc oscillations at dif ferent phase angles, showing the large influ ence both the oscillations and their relative phasing have on the character of the ESD wave.


l A request for approval of a master plan for a subdivision known as University Meadows. l The master plan proposes the development of 128 single-family residential lots and 6 tracts that will be developed in 5 phases. l The subject property encompasses 36.145 ± acres, is zoned R-1c (Single-Family Low Density) and R-1a (Single-Family Medium Density), and is located on the west side of Stern Drive, north and east of the City of Las Cruces City Limits, and generally south of Karen Drive and Ringneck Drive. l Submitted by Ted G. Scanlon on behalf of DTJ Development, LLC.


Nippon Steel & Sumitomo Metal Corporation has eight integrated iron and steel works with blast furnace in the whole country of Japan, and each manufacturing process is different based on the several kinds of specific steel productions. Slag treatment processes about cooling, clashing and sizing are also originated in each works inevitably. So slag products produced from each steelworks are very different in the chemical components, the solidification and/or the mineral-phase. Even in the relation between supply and demand, and requirement (needs) from the customer are also different from the regional market around each steelworks. As a company-wide challenge, Nippon Steel & Sumitomo Metal Corporation has developed incessantly the original slag products depending on each characteristic slag, which have not only the innovated function or new seeds, but also the adaptability to the severe social compliance. In this report, we have summarized our developing status of the process and products for slag usage at the forefront of every steelworks. NIPPON STEEL & SUMITOMO METAL TECHNICAL REPORT No. 109 JULY 2015 161 1.


We consider a mean-variance hedging (MVH) problem for an arbitrage-free large financial market, i.e. a financial market with countably many risky assets modelled by a sequence of continuous semimartingales. By using the stochastic integration theory for a sequence of semimartingales developed in De Donno and Pratelli (2003), we extend the results about change of numéraire and MVH of Gourieroux, Laurent and Pham (1998) to this setting. We also consider, for all n ≥ 1, the market formed by the first n risky assets and study the solutions to the corresponding n-dimensional MVH problem and their behaviour when n tends to infinity.


At present, static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) has the problem of switching harmonics generated by the device, this paper proposes a better method that the cascade multilevel inverter as the master topology of STATCOM combines SPWM (CPS-PWM) modulation, and describe the working principle of STATCOM and the control methods. This method can effectively eliminate high harmonics and low harmonics, and obtain a better output voltage waveform. Finally, through the MATLAB simulation, it can found that the method can reduce power consumption; also doubly improve the equivalent carrier frequency, and significantly reduce the content of the output harmonic, so as to make STATCOM better achieve reactive power compensation.


Many of us involved in the field of hearing do research out of curiosity. We would like to know how the ear works. The clinical otologist, on the other hand, is interested in how the ear works because he would like to know what to do when infection or trauma interfere with normal function. Specifically, he would like to know what certain steps that he might take would improve the performance of this disarranged mechanism; so the more basic knowledge revealed by the


Summaries or transcripts of ordinances proclaimed in Suriname, Guyana, Curaçao, Aruba, Bonaire, St. Eustatius, Saba and half of St. Martin, and related to enslavement and multicultural relations, have been available digitally since 2013-2014, via two web applications titled "The Dutch in the Caribbean World, c. 1670-c. 1870" and "Guyana ordinance book, 1670-1870".


UASNs are widely used in many applications, and many studies have been conducted. However, most current research projects have not taken network security into consideration, despite the fact that a UASN is typically vulnerable to malicious attacks due to the unique characteristics of an underwater acoustic communication channel (e.g., low communication bandwidth, long propagation delays, and high bit error rates). In addition, the significant differences between UASNs and terrestrial wireless sensor networks entail the urgent and rapid development of secure communication mechanisms for underwater sensor nodes. For the above mentioned reasons, this article aims to present a somewhat comprehensive survey of the emerging topics arising from secure communications in UASNs, which naturally lead to a great number of open research issues outlined afterward.


This paper compares the bifurcation of two bio-parks, one in Kobe, Japan, the other in Evry, France. It attempts to explore the contributions and limits of a study based on information related to the role of entrepreneursa social capital in the clustersa morphogenesis. It proposes to link this type of analysis to a study of the political, economic, and social context of clustering dynamics. This new approach may not claim to resolve the enigma of the success or the failure of clustering nor does it pretend to forecast the future of both bio-parks. But it may provide strategists with some interesting hints about their clustering trajectories.


The invention discloses an intelligent power supply inverter, which comprises a charging controller, a current detector, a DC-AC conversion controller, a CPU control module, a power switch, an AC-DC conversion controller and a commercial power charging switch. The invention also discloses a control meted for the intelligent power supply inverter. Through the method, power for the parts with insufficient power can be automatically supplemented according to the power demand of an electrical appliance and the power levels provided by a solar cell and a storage battery in real time; a working mode in which the commercial power is directly used for supplying power can be automatically switched; and a working mode in which the solar cell, the storage battery and the commercial power run simultaneously can be automatically restored. For the households in buildings where a large quantity of solar cells are unavailable due to the limitation of the occupied area, the invention provides a means for utilizing the clean energy source very reasonably, completely and efficiently.


One of the most important groups of acid producing bacteria in the food industry is the lactic acid bacteria, which are used in making starter culture for dairy products. The growth of microorganisms may also vary in different dairy products largely depend on their components variation and the way they are manufactured. The aim of this study was to study the comparative growth of Lactobacillus in different dairy products in stirred tank bioreactor and to identify the ideal source of Lactobacillusfromdifferent dairy products namedYoghurt, Cheese, Butter, Lassi, and Cow milk.Theselected species was isolated from different samples using Lactobacillus MRS Agar media. The pH of the media was adjusted to 6.5 and maintained temperature at 37 ̊C overnight in stirred tank bioreactor..Thebacteriacounts of these samples ranged between 3.83x10 6 cfu/ml to 2.86x10 8 cfu/ml.The results of the present study revealed that yoghurtcontained the highest lactic acid bacteria count (2.86x10 8 cfu/ml) than others dairy products in bioreactor and it wasthe ideal source of Lactobacillus in different dairy productsand we find that milk contains maximum of growing percentage of microorganisms.


Background: Glioblastoma (GBM) incidence is higher in males, suggesting sex hormones may influence GBM tumorigenesis. Patients with GBM and altered sex hormone states could offer insight into a relationship between the two. Most GBMs arise sporadically and heritable genetic influence on GBM development is poorly understood, but reports describing familial GBM suggest genetic predispositions exist. However, no existing reports examine GBM development in context of both supraphysiologic sex hormone states and familial predisposition for GBM. We present a case of isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)-wild type GBM in a young pregnant female with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), history of in vitro fertilization (IVF), and significant family history of GBM and further discuss how unique sex hormone states and genetics may affect GBM development or progression. Case Description: A 35-year-old pregnant female with PCOS and recent history of IVF treatment and frozen embryo transfer presented with seizure and headache. Imaging revealed a right frontal brain mass. Molecular and histopathological analysis of the resected tumor supported a diagnosis of IDH-wild type GBM. The patient's family medical history was significant for GBM. Current literature indicates testosterone promotes GBM cell proliferation, while estrogen and progesterone effects vary with receptor subtype and hormone concentration, respectively. Conclusion: Sex hormones and genetics likely exert influence on GBM development and progression that may compound with concurrence. Here, we describe a unique case of GBM in a young pregnant patient with a family history of glioma and atypical sex hormone exposure due to endocrine disorder and pregnancy assisted by exogenous IVF hormone administration.


xvii CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Project Overview 1 1.2 Motivation 2 1.3 Problem statement 5 1.4 Scope 6 1.5 Objectives 7 1.6 Project Expectation 7 1.7 Report Organization 8 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW


complete nonsingular curve C such that the bers are linearly embedded. Thus N 2r ? 1. If N = 2r ? 1, then by the Barth-Lefschetz theorem the irregularity of X is zero and C must be rational. In fact, in this case X is the image of a Segre morphism P 1 P r?1 ! P 2r?1. For N = 2r the existence of r-dimensional scrolls over elliptic curves for every positive r was shown in I] but no examples over curves of higher genus are known. The following question arises: is in this situation the genus of C bounded by 1? This was answered in the aarmative in L] and A] for r = 2 and in T] for r = 3. In this paper an inequality relating the number of independent global sections of a very ample vector bundle over a curve and of its determinant bundle is established. A direct consequence of it is an aarmative answer to the above question for r = 2; 3 and 4 by one same argument.


The article deals with a problem of implementation of CRM
systems in small and medium companies. Binka and Suchanek
describe a brief history of CRM systems and try to discover
some basic features of this proces. According to this analysis
they suggest as a best way for small and medium companies
specialization and cooperation.


Drawing on domestication theory and intersectionality theory, this study explores the multiple roles dating apps play in Chinese gay men's lives amid changing personal and social circumstances. We present in-depth narratives of three Blued users from different generations and classes with unique relationship statuses. The app's geo-locative features strengthened the gay capital of our younger participant but threatened our middle-aged, closeted participant. Although coming from a homophobic generation, our senior participant had no issue becoming an online celebrity on the app because his wife had passed away, pointing out the intersectional influence of generational and relational backgrounds. Our participants' socio-economic positions also shaped whom they would interact with on Blued and how these interactions took place. These observations illustrate the relationship between users' intersectional positions and their domestication of Blued, complementing existing dating app studies that skew toward younger users and focus only on certain elements of app use.


Adverbs are traditionally considered to be the best representatives of manner adjuncts. However, this hypothesis is only based on intuition and has never been proven in any statistical framework. An in-depth analysis of some 850 manner adjuncts, identified by using both syntactic and semantic criteria in J.M.G. Le Clézio's novel Étoile errante, allows us to verify this hypothesis on the one hand, and on the other to establish quantified relationships between different types of syntactic constituents capable of functioning as manner adjuncts. Our results suggest that, if adverbs do appear to be the most frequent type of manner adjuncts in the corpus, other linguistic features show that they fall far short of being representative of the behaviour of all adjuncts expressing manner.


Disclosed is a method for producing a hollow core body of a coaxial cable having a high hollow rate and stabilized electrical characteristics in the longitudinal direction. A method for producing a hollow core body of a coaxial cable comprising an inner conductor, and an insulating coating consisting of an inner annulus covering the inner conductor, a plurality of ribs extending radially from the inner annulus, and an outer annulus having outside diameter of 0.5 mm or less and coupling the outer edge of the ribs, and having a plurality of hollow portions surrounded by the inner annulus, the outer annulus, and the ribs, wherein the hollow portions occupy 40% or more of the area of an insulating portion and circularity of the outer annulus is 96.0% or above. The method for producing a hollow core body of a coaxial cable comprises at least following steps (1)-(3): (1) a step for extruding molten resin from a die which can form the insulating coating, (2) a step for heating resin which forms the insulating coating, and (3) a step for gradually cooling the resin forming the insulating coating at around the room temperature.


Drug Toxicology is a required elective for students majoring in animal pharmacy. The teaching practice of Drug Toxicology summarized according to its characteristics and actual teaching conditions, so that it would be beneficial to establish the suitble teaching model and teaching methods for pharmaceutical specialty.


OBJECTIVES/GOALS: One in six children in the U.S. has a Neurodevelopmental Disability (NDD). Prechtl's General Movement Assessment (GMA) is a qualitative predictor of early motor dysfunction. However, no quantitative biomechanical assessment exists to more accurately identify all patients with NDD. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: With UAMS IRB approval, as part of a larger study, healthy infants were filmed while lying supine on a force plate for 2 minutes. We studied 12 healthy full-term infants (gestational age: 38.9±1.5 weeks, age: 2.1-7.0 months; 7M, 5F; length: 64.0±5.2 cm; weight: 7.2±1.3 kg). Within our data set there were 3 infants transitioning to fidgety period (≤3 months), 4 in the fidgety period, (3-5 months), and 5 that matured beyond fidgety period (>5 months). Center of pressure (COP) path-lengths were gathered from the force plate at 1000 Hz. We grouped our data with K-means clustering and performed statistical analysis with ANOVA. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: We divided our data into 3 distinct clusters. The first group contained infants with moderate variability of movements which included 2 infants between 3 and 5 months and 2 infants slightly outside of this range. The second group, with mild variability in movements, included 4 infants between 2 and 3 months as well as 2 infants just older than 5 months. The third group, with little variability in movements, included 2 infants older than 5 months. A GMA reader (TJ) qualitatively confirmed these findings with video footage. Using a threshold of p<0.05, data sets within the clusters were similar and significantly different from other clusters. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: Fidgety infants have greater variability in COP patterns than their mature counterparts. We anticipate additional COP measurements will correspond with qualitative GMA analyses. Artificial Intelligence-based quantification of the GMA may be useful in earlier detection or prediction of NDD outcomes.


Despite the growing prevalence of Public–Private Partnerships in healthcare, scholars have paid little attention to their consequences for the workforce. Public–Private Partnerships may have important consequences in labour-intensive services such as healthcare, since staff reductions and higher working loads may lead to a decrease in service quality and patient safety. In this paper, we analyse the extent to which Public–Private Partnership schemes have influenced employment in Madrid, one of the most enthusiastic adopters of Public–Private Partnership models in Spain. To do so, we compare clinical staff employment levels across three types of hospital management models, including two types of Public–Private Partnerships. Our findings illustrate that clinical staff employment levels seem to be substantially lower in Public–Private Partnership hospitals than in directly managed public hospitals, particularly as regards nursing staff, and in those types of hospitals where the private sector manages both clinical and non-clinical staff.


We present a novel technique for estimating disk parameters (the center and the radius) from its 2D image. It is based on the maximal likelihood approach utilizing both edge pixels coordinates and the image intensity gradients. We emphasize the following advantages of our likelihood model. It has closed-form formulae for estimating the parameters, therefore, requiring less computational resources than iterative algorithms. The likelihood model naturally distinguishes outer and inner annulus edges. The proposed technique was evaluated on both synthetic and real data.


— Results obtained during practical training session on MPI during high perfomance computing summer school MIPT-2010 are discussed. MPI technology were one of technologies proposed to participants for realization of project. 3D version of Conway's Game of Life was proposed as a project. Algorithms used in the development, theoretical and practical assessment of their scalability is analyzed.


Background: heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB) is one of the unsolved problems in gynecological practice. The frequency of HMB is exactly unknown, which can be most likely related to an individually perceived blood loss volume. Patients with HMB are at high risk of iron deficiency and anemia. The main problem remains the lack of a single treatment algorithm for the HMB in female patients of reproductive age. Medical specialists should actively and, at the same time, effectively solve this clinical problem. Aim: to evaluate the efficacy of combined oral contraceptive (COC) containing 0.03 mg of ethinylestradiol and 2 mg of chlormadinone acetate in patients of reproductive age with HMB. Patients and Methods: the study involved 87 female patients aged 22–43 y.o. with complaints of HMB. After a complete clinical and laboratory examination, all patients were prescribed COC (0.03 mg ethinylestradiol and 2 mg chlormadinone acetate) for 6 months with subsequent efficacy evaluation. The following parameters were evaluated: menstruation duration, RBC, hemoglobin and ferritin count. Results: initially, hemoglobin count was 78.4±0.5 g /L, RBC count — 2.9×1012/L, and ferritin count — less than 29 mg/dL in the setting of normal hemoglobin count were observed in 31 (35.6%) female patients. COCs prescription demonstrated efficacy in blood loss volume decrease during menstruation, which was noted by 85 (97.7%) female patients. Thus, it contributed to the iron content normalization in 29 (93.5%) of 31 patients. The frequency of side effects, which were manifested by discomfort in the mammary glands, nausea, headache, did not exceed 17%. All manifestations associated with drug intake did not require its cancellation or additional treatment. Conclusion: COC containing 0.03 mg of ethinylestradiol and 2 mg of chlormadinone acetate is an effective drug for the treatment of HMB in female patients of reproductive age, allowing to reduce the frequency of latent iron deficiency forms. KEYWORDS: combined oral contraceptives, heavy menstrual bleeding, ethinylestradiol, chlormadinone acetate, iron deficiency anemia, menstrual cycle control, hormonal contraception. FOR CITATION: Manukhin I.B., Manukhina E.I., Safaryan I.R., Ovakimyan M.A. Combined oral contraceptives as a treatment method for female patients of reproductive age with heavy menstrual bleeding. Russian Journal of Woman and Child Health. 2023;6(3):253–257 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.32364/2618-8430-2023-6-3-6.


This paper intends to analyze the relationship between memory, aesthetics, and politics in Gustavo Germano Ausencias's (Absences) series. The text will consist of three parts. In the first section, it is presented a brief journey from photography as a "mirror with memory" to photography as art. The second section reviews the political power of the image during the post-dictatorship. The third section makes a brief analysis of photography as artistic creation and memory builder, as well as its political function, through Gustavo Germano's photographic essay Ausencias (Absences).


The term "plasma cell granuloma (PCG)" is used to describe a localized benign proliferation of mature plasma cells. Intraoral PCGs involving the tongue, lip, oral mucosa, and gingiva have been reported in the past. This case presents a 16-year-old female with maxillary anterior gingival overgrowth. Histological examination revealed inflammatory cell infiltrate containing sheets of plasma cells. This case highlights the need that tend to locate in the oral cavity, primarily on the periodontal tissue. It reinforces the existence of PCG on the gingiva that it is extremely uncommon.


Coupling for the rotationally fixed connection of two waves having an aerostatic bearing with a bearing foot (2, 23), the front a flat bearing surface (3, 28) with a perpendicular central bearing axis and the rear via a support bearing on a holder (1) of the bearing is tiltably mounted, wherein the two shafts are axially displaced against each other, characterized, - that is arranged in the vicinity of the bearing axle support bearing is constructed as solid joint (9), - that as a driver (22) formed holders fixed one of the two shafts is permanently assigned, - that the plane bearing surface (28) of the bearing foot (23) extending parallel to the axis of rotation, - that the other shaft overlapping a bearing surface (28) and adapted to this running surface (29) and - that the solid-body joint is spaced from the axis of rotation of the shaft.


Crack detection based on digital image processing is more and more widely applied in the maintenance of concrete dam diseases. However, due to the complexity of the crack image, it is difficult to achieve high accuracy of the crack classification. To improve the shortcomings and deficiencies in cracks extraction and classification algorithm under crack detection system this article focuses on the application of general data field to effectively solve the problem of crack classification. We propose a new data field clustering method for classification of concrete dam cracks. Clustering is an important step when building a classifier for dam crack. Clustering is a process of discovering densely populated regions. In the data space, it groups a set of data in a way that maximizes the similarity within clusters and minimizes the similarity between two different clusters. The mutual information (MI) of two grids is a measure of the grid's mutual dependence. This definition is useful in the field of clustering, because it gives a way to quantify the relevance between different grids. A data field clustering method for classification of dam cracks adopts the potential values within grid and potential values between different grids. Well-known crack classification methods are compared with our method. The experimental results show that the proposed method has an obvious increase on the precision and interpretability.


78 The India–Asia collision and continual plate convergence have created the 9 Himalayan–Tibetan Orogen, which is the youngest and most spectacular continent– 10 continent collision belt on Earth and thus an ideal place for the study of continent–continent 11


The Electric Arc Shock Tube (EAST) facility at NASA Ames Research Center is usedto generate high-enthalpy gas tests for studying high-speed atmospheric entry physics.The facility is composed of a long tube and a chamber. In the chamber, which containsa driver gas, an electrical discharge takes place, giving rise to a sudden increase of thegas temperature and pressure. The chamber's geometry can be approximated as a 10-cm cylindrical tube though its real geometry is more complex and not axisymmetric.An aluminum diaphragm separates the driver from the driven gas. At the high pressuregenerated by the discharge, the diaphragm bursts, forming a shock wave that travels athigh speed through a long cylindrical tube, 10 cm in diameter. As the shock propagatesdownstream, the shock-heated gas radiates, and in a test section emission spectroscopy isused to determine the radiative signature and thereby the thermo-chemical and radiativeproperties of the medium.The experiments being simulated here make use of helium as a driver gas and syntheticair (N


There are no good scientific research studies that convincingly show the relationship between lighting and crime. However, lighting does deter crime and makes people feel more secure. This project is aimed to design a dual-functional system that acts as a low-cost home security system and garden lights controller. The main control system utilizes Motorola MC6811HCA1 as it offers good energy management and better efficiency. The system is equipped with light sensor to measure darkness level, infrared sensors to detect movement within the vicinity, a digital clock to manually control the main system and an interface circuit that enable the system to control the main power. The system program will be simulated using THRsim11 before being implemented into the hardware and tested for functionality. It is found that the system can effectively function as a home security system as well as a garden lighting controller. -Author


Substantial increases in the prevalence of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) in women of all age groups are apparent from Papanicolaou smear test reports issued by the Victorian Cytology (Gynaecological) Service between 1970 and 1988. Most of the change in prevalence is due to an increase in reports of neoplasia of a lesser severity than CIN III. A progressive lowering of the age group having the highest prevalence of "definite" CIN is evident, from women aged 40–49 years in 1970‐1973 to women aged 25–29 years in 1982–1988. The prevalence of "possible" CIN has consistently been highest among the youngest age groups screened. While 6.7% of screened women from the age group 20–24 years received a report of "definite" or "possible" CIN in 1988, only 0.08% of women in this group received a report of CIN III. Cohort analysis revealed that for women born between 1949 and 1958, the prevalence of CIN III continued to increase during 1988.


The value of a statistical life (VSL) plays a very important role in estimating the benefits of environmental policy. It is used, for example, as a unit of monetization of health benefits resulting from the reduction of air pollutants, which is the basis of cost-benefit analysis of policies. The VSL can be defined as the value that people of each society are willing to pay to reduce the risk of death, so the value should reflect the characteristics of its members. In this study, we apply a choice experiment with 3,081 respondents collected through a web survey were divided into two samples according to the type of questions. Among the various estimates, the most appropriate estimate of the VSL is about 1.3 billion won from 1,528 sample, which is similar to the results of the meta-analysis using estimates from prior studies conducted in Korea. In addition, this study shows that a private prevention program is preferred to reduce the risk of death from cancer rather than a public program.


A composition comprising: hydrolysable taurolidine; and a hydrolysable lipophilic excipient; wherein the hydrolysable taurolidine is contained within the hydrolysable lipophilic excipient.


1Forest Products Research and Development Institute, Department of Science and Technology, College, 4031 Laguna 2Department of Forest Products and Paper Science, College of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of the Philippines, Los Baños, College, 4031 Laguna 3Agricultural Bio-Process Division, Institute of Agricultural Engineering, College of Engineering and Agro-Industrial Technology, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, 4031 Laguna


Magnetoelastic effects, which are caused by flux pinning in the superconductors, often induce fatal cracking of the bulk high temperature superconductors (HTS). In the present work, the Kim model is considered for the critical state in which the critical current density is assumed to depend on the flux density. Based on the plane strain approach, the analytic expression of the stress under the magnetic field is derived for a specimen having a slab geometry and infinitely along the other two directions. The stress field is obtained in the slab for the Kim model, and the stress behavior is discussed for two magnetization processes: the decreasing field and the field cooling. It is shown that the effects of the parameter p on the stress are related to the magnetization process. Compared to the Bean model, the results for the Kim model show the same trend with respect to the external field Ba during field cooling. Generally speaking, these results are of clear interest to experimentalists and to the successfu...