THE ENERGY of radiation is a valuable therapeutic aid to the dermatologist who sometimes has also to treat the results of irradiation on the skin. Probably the most common example of the latter is an acute dermatitis after an excessive exposure of the normal skin to ultra-violet light at the seaside or at high altitudes when the light is strongly reflected by snow or ice. There are instances in which the skin will not tolerate normal amounts of light. This disability may be congenital and manifest itself early in life as in xeroderma pigmentosum when the skin at first reddens and freckles after normal exposure and later degenerates to such an extent that secondary malignant changes supervene and usually kill the patient before or during early adult life. Congenital porphyria is a disorder in which the undue sensitivity to light is often not apparent until the patient has grown up. Pellagra is an acquired metabolic disturbance during which the skin becomes sUpersensitive to light and loses this characteristic when the disorder is cured. Substances that fluoresce convert the incident light to longer wavelengths, so when applied to the surface of the skin they can protect it from harmful short waves, but if absorbed by the skin or taken internally they can sensitize the epidermal cells to light. Examples of this sort are the acridine dye group of antiseptics, eosin and some other dyes used to tint lipstick, and the sulphonamides. Sulphonamides have as part of their chemical structure a para-amino benzene radicle, the importance of which has become apparent in recent years because of the diScovery ofthe phenomena ofcross sensitization. An acquired sensitivity to one substance with a ~ara-amino group can also make the body sensitIve to other substances containing that group. Thus; one sulphonamide may make the tissues sensitive not only to other suiphonamides but ~lso to local anaesthetics, hair dyes and the !Ike. Some compounds that have this radicle do not themselves sensitize the body but can act as a detonator on someone who has become sensitized. For instance, the first application of an ointment containing a local anaesthetic might make apparent a hidden sensitiveness to sulphonamides and so secondarily to light. Burns from x-rays and radium are seen less often now than formerly, because the technique of the therapeutic application of these forms of irradiation has become more exact, and clinical experience has also contributed to our knowledge of the margin of safety. If the burn develops acutely it is followed by necrosis, but when the injury is less severe sclerosis is one of the sequelae; and it is interesting to find that the hard tissues can often be softened by applying another type of irradiation-short-wave diathermy. The appendages of the skin are less resistant than the main structure of the dermis, so permanent loss of hair and absence of sweat and sebum along with flecks of pigmentation and some telangiectases are evidence of lesser degrees of damage. The action of irradiation depends on a few fundamental principles: first, only those wavelengths that are absorbed by a system cause a reaction in that system. Secondly, the quantity of energy varies inversely with the wavelength. Thus cosmic rays are so powerful and penetrating that they are unlikely to be arrested by any tissue, while the energy of ultra-violet rays is so small that they cannot penetrate and are completely absorbed by the epidermis. The action on living cells is connected with ionization and we know that the photodynamic action of ultra-violet rays depends on the presence of molecular oxygen. The amino acids tyrosine and tryptophane are probably the constituents of the protein molecule that are affected by the energy imparted to the cell.


Background: Patients with critical conditions in the ICU depend on a variety of tools to support their lifes. Patients' conditions and and their unstable hemodynamic are challenges for nurses to perform mobilization. Less mobilization in critical patients can cause a variety of physical problems, one of them is cardiorespiratory function disorder.
Objective: to investigate differences in heart rate (HR) and respiratory rate (RR) before, during, and immediately after early mobilization.
Methods: This study employed quasi experiment with one group pre and post test design. Twenty four respondents were selected based on the criteria HR <110 / min at rest, Mean Arterial Blood Pressure between 60 to 110 mmHg, and the fraction of inspired oxygen <0.6. Early mobilization was performed to the respondents, and followed by assessments on the changes of respiratory rate and heart rate before, during, and immediately after the mobilization. Analysis of differences in this study used ANNOVA.
Results: Before the early mobilization, mean RR was 22.54 and mean HR was 78.58. Immediately after the mobilization,  mean RR was 23.21 and mean HR was 80.75. There was no differences in the value of RR and HR, before and immediately after the early mobilization with the p-value of 0.540 and 0.314, respectively.
Conclusions: Early mobilization of critical patients is relatively safe. Nurses are expected to perform early mobilization for critical patients. However, it should be with regard to security standards and rigorous assessment of the patient's conditions.
Keywords: Early mobilization, critical patients, ICU


This paper describes a new application of the self-correcting procedure to computational liquid metal magnetohydrodynamics. In this procedure, the conservation law of the electric current density incorporated in a Poisson equation for the scalar potential plays an important role of correcting this potential. This role is similar to that of the conservation law of mass in a Poisson equation for the pressure. Some numerical results show that the proposed self-correcting procedure can provide a more accurate numerical solution of the electric current density than the existing solution procedure.


The key issues of quality and program responsibilities are examined as part of the collaborative relationship between continuing educational providers and the military services.


Introduction: Obesity is epidemic among adults with serious mental illness (SMI) (e.g., schizophrenia, bipolar disorder) and evidenced-based weight loss programs are needed for this group. We examined the association between attendance to program sessions and weight change among adults with SMI who were enrolled in a lifestyle-based weight loss trial. Methods: Overweight and obese adults with SMI were randomized to either a control group (n=147) or an active intervention group (n=144) that received weight loss classes (3/month), individual weight management sessions (monthly), and group exercise classes (3/week) during the first 6 months. These classes tapered off during months 7-18. Study staff maintained attendance records. Standardized weight was assessed at baseline, 6 and 18 months. Regression analyses included weight change as the dependent variable and controlled for sex, age, and site. Results: The active intervention group was 51% female with an average age of 47 years. Main results have reported...


Discusses the many difficulties encountered in using conventional therapy modalities to treat resistent and antisocial patients. An approach, developed by S. Yochelson (The Criminal Personality, S....


Grids aim at constructing a virtual single image of heterogeneous resources and provide uniform interface for distributed internet applications. China also devotes much passion and endeavour to the evolution of grid projects. Based on the experience in building and enhancing Chinese grids in collaboration with colleagues from around the globe, it is important to choose grid technologies that support and work on a wide variety of resources. Grid middleware research and development in China is described in this paper. First we give the overview of the three government-sponsored grid programmes, namely, China National Grid, ChinaGrid and NSFCGrid. Then three representative grid middleware, ChinaGrid Support Platform (CGSP), China National Grid Operation System (GOS), China Research and Development Environment Over Wide-area Network (CROWN) are introduced in detail from six aspects: design motivation, architecture, function modules, main features, interoperability, current status and applications. Finally, we abstract the main characteristics of these three middleware systems and put forward a comparison among them.


TPS656 Background: HER2+ breast cancer (BC) is an aggressive subset of BC with high rates of brain metastases (BM) and poor survival. A recent study illustrates activation of the PI3K/mTOR pathway in approximately two-thirds of BCBM across all subtypes. Everolimus, a novel oral derivative of rapamycin that selectively inhibits mTOR, is clinically-active in combination with trastuzumab (with or without chemotherapy) in advanced HER2+ BC. Everolimus penetrates the blood brain barrier. We are evaluating the efficacy and safety of everolimus plus trastuzumab and vinorelbine in patients (pts) with HER2+ BCBM. Methods: Pts with HER2+ BCBM progressing following cranial radiation and measuring > 0.5cm are eligible for enrollment. Treatment with prior vinorelbine or mTOR inhibition is prohibited. Steroid treatment is allowed if stable or decreasing doses ≥7 days prior to study entry. Pts with leptomeningeal disease are excluded. Pts receive everolimus (5mg orally daily), trastuzumab 2mg/kg and vinorelbine 25mg/m2 ...


Li metal is an ideal anode material for rechargeable high energy density batteries, but its sensitivity to humid air and uncontrolled dendrite growth limit its practical applications. A novel hybrid interphase is fabricated to address these issues. This interphase consists of dense fullerene (C60) and magnesium metal bilayers, which are deposited successively on lithium foil by vacuum evaporation deposition and contribute to moisture resistance and lithium dendrite suppression. Thanks to this dual‐functional feature, the assembled cells with the modified anodes and commercial LiFePO4 cathodes exhibit long cycle life (>200 cycles) with high capacity retention (>98.5%). Moreover, even the modified anodes that are exposed to humid air (30% relative humidity) for over 12 h; the cells still deliver excellent performance, comparable to those without exposure. Such a unique hybrid interphase provides a new promising method for fabricating air‐stable and dendrite‐free lithium metal batteries.


Abstract In this research, the simulation of one-sixth of the VVER-1000 reactor core is carried out by the WIMS-D4 nuclear code, based on the symmetry of the core and information obtained from the Final Safety Analysis Report. The atomic densities of some important nuclear materials and fission poisons are calculated by the WIMS-D4 code at the end of the first fuel cycle. In addition, the cross sections of some nuclides are obtained by WIMS-D4, and they are transferred into the CITATION code as inputs. In the next stage, neutron flux and reactor power are calculated by the CITATION code in Cold Zero Power and Hot Full Power status, and subsequently the heat flux of the core is obtained. Then the results are returned again into the extended program cycle. Finally, the heat flux of the core is inputted into the COBRA code, and the temperatures of fuel, clad and coolant are calculated along the various distances applying the COBRA thermal hydraulic code, through the results of the CITATION code and also initial data as default created from the Final Safety Analysis Report. In conclusion, there are some interesting outcomes resulting form the obtained results.


An estimated 60 million Americans encounter police annually and Black and Brown Americans over more than one millionmore than one million are disproportionately threatened or subjected to police use of force during these encounters. Much research exists on the efficacy for crime control of the policing practices that produce those encounters for crime control, but outside of formal consequences such as incarceration, the criminology of police harms has been slower to emerge. In this review, we describe the slow violence that contemporary policing practices disproportionately inflict on people of color. These wide-ranging harms constitute cultural trauma, shaping health, well-being, academic performance, government participation, community membership, and physical space. As a result, routine policing practices help create and maintain the racial and class status quo. We close by considering the limits of popular reforms given those harms and urge researchers to take a broader approach by studying nonpolicing alternatives to public safety alongside crime control efficacy and incorporating more critical perspectives to build a more comprehensive assessment of modern policing practices.


In this paper, we give a definition of the formal (denotational) semantics of MiniMaple (a substantial subset of a widely used computer algebra system Maple with slight modifications) and its specification language. Defining the formal semantics of MiniMaple and its specification language is rather a challenging task as these support non-standard types of objects, e.g. symbols, unions and polynomials, and additional predicates and functions, e.g. runtime type tests etc. Furthermore, the specification language also supports logical and sequence quantifiers and numeric quantifiers with a logical condition (property) to quantify a filtered range of values. This semantics is defined as a pre-requisite of a verification calculus which we are currently developing. The verification conditions generated by the verification calculus must be sound w.r.t. defined formal semantics.


This study proposes a method of cooperation for legged robots with their bodies vibrating in walking. The effectiveness of the method is verified by experiment of cooperative transportation by two quadruped robots on some steps. The approach adopts a simple mechanical end-effector : the supporting part on which an objects is only placed. This end-effector needs neither actuating functin nor precise sensing function so that it is light and simple. The motion method is also simple : a rule-based method to compose a leader-follower system in which each robot autonomously decides its own motion according to the object configuration. The robots of this system do not communicate each other explicitly but estimate the motion satates of the othetr robot according to the force information of the object. This communication method enables robots and humans to work cooperatively.


Abstract The 1982 evaluation for A=120 mass chain (1987Ha31) has been revised using experimental decay and reaction data. Adopted values for the level and properties are tabulated and also shown in the drawings. Experimental methods, references, and comments are given in the text.


2010 1 Introduction The numerical solution of linear elliptic partial differential equations consists of two main steps: discretization and iteration, where generally some conjugate gradient method is used for solving the finite element discretization of the problem. However, when for elliptic problems the dis-cretization parameter tends to zero, the required number of iterations for a prescribed tolerance tends to infinity. The remedy is suitable preconditioning. This can rely on the functional analytic background of the corresponding elliptic operators, which means that the preconditioning process


A new afforestation technology following the example of Zaoshi reservoir project is recommended, and the characteristic and process of which are described too.


Platinum-based chemotherapy is one of the standard treatments for non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), while its high toxicity and limited clinical effects raise big concerns. Shenfu injection (SFI) has been commonly used as an adjutant chemotherapy drug for NSCLC in China. We ascertained the beneficial and adverse effects of SFI in combination with platinum-based chemotherapy for advanced NSCLC by using meta-analysis methods. The randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving advanced NSCLC treatment with SFI plus platinum-based chemotherapy versus chemotherapy alone were searched on 6 medical databases up to February 2017. Cochrane handbook 5.1.0 was applied to assess the quality of included trials and RevMan 5.3 software was employed for data analysis. 23 RCTs including 1574 patients met our inclusion criteria. We evaluated the following outcome measures: objective tumor response (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), Karnofsky performance score (KPS), adverse effects, and indicators of cellular immune function. The meta-analysis indicated that SFI plus platinum-based chemotherapy may benefit the patients with NSCLC on attenuated synergies of chemotherapy. These findings need to be confirmed by further rigorously designed high-quality and large-scale RCTs.


Optimum accuracy in conventional aerotriangulation requires ground control around the perimeter of the area at Intervals of seven alrbases or less, and, if precise elevations are to be determined, there must also be elevation control In th~ center of the area. Recent investigations indicate that it may be possible to derive observations of the exposure statIOn posItions With submetre accuracy from a technique that uses one Navstar Global Positioning System (CPS) receiver In the aircraft and another on the ground. A method for employing these additional observation data in an aerotnangulatIon adjustment IS presented, along with results of simulations which indicate that accurate aerotriangulatlOn may be achievable without any ground control. Attempts at experimental verification have been hindered so far by weather, equipment problems, the limited satellite constellation, and competition for the use of available receivers. More experiments are planned for the fall of 1986.


This article proposes a method for the measurement of Phase Noise (PN) and Amplitude Noise (AN) of Digital-to-Analog Converters and Direct Digital Synthesizers. The main virtues of our method are (1) owing to RF amplification of the noise sidebands, the noise specs of the PN analyzer are relaxed by a factor of at least 20 dB, with respect to the noise of the device under test, and (2) the capability to measure AN using a phase noise analyzer, with no need for the analyzer to feature AN measurements. An obvious variant enables the same measurements using only an AN analyzer (i.e., a power-detector diode followed by a FFT analyzer), with no need for PN measurement capability. Exploiting the device-under-test's internal amplitude and phase control, there is no need for external line stretcher and variable attenuators. In one case (AD9144), we observed a flicker PN on 8 decades of frequency, with a discrepancy within \pm 1 dB with respect to the exact 1/f slope over 7 decades. This summary is an early draft of a larger article that will be submit for the 2019 IFCS Special Issue of the IEEE Transact. on UFFC.


A 36-year-old man of Pakistani origin presented with a 10-year-history of unilateral lesions involving his left arm, left torso and left leg. The lesions were painful following showers and on light touch. He was otherwise well with no significant past medical history. There was no family history of similar lesions and his parents were non-consanguineous. On examination, groups of firm reddish brown papules were seen over the left hand side of the body (Fig. 1). The lesions did not cross the midline. On histological examination of a Unilateral Eruption of Painful Papules: A Quiz


Directions of elaboration of the policy of social and economic adaptation of disabled persons in Ukraine are analyzed within the article. Current trends in the implementation of the state policy in the field of social and economic support of disabled persons are analyzed. Detailed attention is paid to the definition of basic provisions of the institutional regulation of social and economic provision of disabled persons, justification for such regulation measures, which were combined into two groups: active and passive. In addition, within the article, main measures for the formation of an inclusive educational space are defined and substantiated, issues of the access to education for disabled persons, formation of the policy of their professional training, retraining and advanced training are considered, In particular, an analysis of the peculiarities of the existing
system functioning of vocational training of unoccupied population and unemployed disabled persons is conducted.


The purpose of the present paper is to establish some new criteria for the classification of the sublinear differential equation as of the nonlinear limit circle type or of the nonlinear limit point type. The criteria presented here generalize some known results in the literature.


Electrochemical corrosion properties of lead-free solder alloys (Sn99Cu1; Sn95Sb3,5Cu1,5; Sn95Sb5; Sn95,5Ag3,8Cu0,7 and Sn96Ag4) and near eutectic Sn67Pb37 one are compared in the 0,1 mol/l KOH water solution at room temperature on the base of potentiodynamic polarization method (voltammetry). These tin alloys were tested in the form of as-received wires and rods. Relative small differences were found out in corrosion potential values, passivation current densities and active peak width among these lead-free alloys. All these solders exhibit active–passive transition. There were registered significant differences between anodic polarization curves of lead-free and Sn-Pb solders. More anodic peaks were Acta Metallurgica Slovaca, 11, 2005, 3 (369 374) 370 measured on the Sn63Pb37 solder, where transition to the transpassive region started at lower potential values in comparison with lead-free solders. Corrosion rate (according to current density and peak) was higher on Sb containing solders in the active state, on the other hand in the passive range the corrosion was higher for Sn-Pb one. The corrosion properties were not influenced by copper and silver in small quantity in the activity area, but in the transpassivity area they caused small peaks and current density increasing. The uniform corrosion was observed after potentiodynamic polarization tests. The results of chemical microanalysis of solders, including secondary phases and grain boundary areas are also given in the contribution. The main properties of tested tin solders (melting temperature range, surface stress, hardness, density) are compared too.


*Department of Herbal Crop Research, NIHHS, RDA, Eumseong 369-873, Korea. **Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Korea.ABSTRACT : The present study was investigated the effect of planting density on plant growth and yield of Panax ginsengC. A. Meyer. Sowing density is one of the most important factors affecting yield. The value of roots have affected by shape,color, weight and degree of disease injury in ginseng. Also, it needed to minimize elapsed time for 5 years including pre-planting field management and cultivation period. We were conducted to evaluate that planting densities and varieties onthe growth, yield and missing rate. The direct sowing was treated seeds density as a four levels (seeds; 72, 90, 120, 144) and10 different varieties with 3 years old ginseng roots. Root weight was significantly affected by planting density and variety,but the number of lateral root and yield were affected by only planting density. Growth index was related to variety andplanting density. Also, Root shape index was affected by both varieties and planting densities. Suitable planting density andvariety were 120 plant per 1.62㎡ and Gopoong, respectively. Results showed that it was also a significant difference(p = 5%) in variety of planting density on growth. Key Words : Panax ginseng, Varieties, Direct Sowing Cultivation, Planting Density


Soil Mixing is a technique that has increasingly been relied upon for the insitu remediation of contaminated soils. Depending on the application, large or small diameter (4 to 0.3 meter) mixing augers can be used to inject cement, bentonite or other reagents to modify soil properties and thereby remediate contaminated soils and sludges. A major advantage of the method is the capability to treat soils at depth (up to 35 meters deep) without excavation, shoring or dewatering. Recent advances in soil mixing technology include lower permeability additives for groundwater barriers, additives for the fixation of waste-contaminated soils and combination of soil mixing with hot air injection and vapor extraction technology to remove volatile organic chemicals.


Motivated by the parsimonious jump-diffusion model of Zhang, Zhao and Chang (2010), we show that the aggregate market returns can be predicted by the conditional skewness of returns and the variance risk premium, a difference between the physical and risk-neutral variance of market returns, even though the variance is supposed to be constant only if jump exists. The magnitude of the predictability is particularly striking at the intermediate quarterly return horizon, even combing other predictor variables, like P/D ratio, the default spread and the consumption-wealth ratio (CAY). We also find that the third central moments are significant in explaining the variance risk premium, which further implies that the potential link between the variance risk premium and the excess market return is the third central moments, not the skewness. Abstract Motivated by the parsimonious jump-diffusion model of Zhang, Zhao and Chang (2010), we show that the aggregate market returns can be predicted by the conditional skewness of returns and the variance risk premium, a difference between the physical and risk-neutral variance of market returns, even though the variance is supposed to be constant only if jump exists. The magnitude of the predictability is particularly striking at the intermediate quarterly return horizon, even combing other predictor variables, like P/D ratio, the default spread and the consumption-wealth ratio (CAY). We also find that the third central moments are significant in explaining the variance risk premium, which further implies that the potential link between the variance risk premium and the excess market return is the third central moments, not the skewness.


This paper begins, in sections II and III, by describing the pre-Copenhagen process and the expectations associated with the Copenhagen negotiations. Section IV provides an account of COP 15, in particular the second week of the conference, with a focus on the North-South divide, the South-South divide, and the issue of broken trust. In section V, I analyse the main outcome of COP 15—the Copenhagen Accord. I describe its key provisions and assess its components. I close the article with a consideration of the way forward.


The present study examined parenting stress, anxiety and depression among Icelandic parents of children with autism. In addition, the study examined if having a child with behavior problems and feelings of constraints when talking about the child would be associated with higher parenting stress, anxiety and depression levels. Parents (N=187) of children, 12 years or younger, with autism spectrum disorder completed an online questionnaire. The majority of participants were females (82.9%) and married (56.2%). The findings indicated that parenting stress was high with 79% of parents reporting stress levels within the clinical range. Although the majority of parents reported anxiety and depression within the normal range, 15% and 20% reported severe or extremely severe anxiety and depression respectively. Multiple regression analyses showed that having a child with behavior problems and feelings of constraints when talking about the child to spouse or family and friends was associated with higher levels of parental stress, anxiety, and depression. The results indicate the need to provide parents of children with autism with training and support to manage their child's behavior problems, access to an intervention to reduce their stress, anxiety and depression levels and help them to talk about their child with autism.


In order to explore vertical distributions of soil moisture contents of sand dunes and to understand their effects on aeolian dunes forms,soil moisture contents of three types of sand dunes in southeast of the Mu Us sandy land were investigated.It shows that soil moisture content of bare migratory dunes in windward slope,leeward slope,and bottom ranges with depth around 1.33%~3.79%,0.39%~5.04%,2.12%~6.36% respectively.The vertical distributions of soil moisture contents can be divided into five sub-layers.Soil moisture content of shrubs-covered dunes varies with sand-layer depth more significantly than that of bare migratory dunes.Moisture content of shrubs-covered dunes in windward slope,leeward slope,and dune interval,fluctuates about 0.74%~11.92%,0.89%~12.08% and 1.34%~9.24%,respectively.The moisture content vertical distribution of shrubs-covered dunes can be classified as three sub-layers.The vertical fluctuation of moisture content of trees-covered dunes is between that of bare migratory dunes and that of shrubs-covered dunes.The vertical distribution of moisture content of three types of dunes depend on such factors as sand particles size,position and vegetation forms.According to modeling effect of moisture content on sand transport rate,sand transport rate in the trees-covered dunes fluctuates is between that of the bare migratory dunes and that of the shrubs-covered dunes.It could be estimated that vertical fluctuation of moisture content ranging about 2%~3% could induce evolution of an aeolian dune morphology if other factors affecting a dune form keep constant.Supposing that development of an aeolian dune is affected by moisture content and resistance of sand particles' movements from leeward slope and dune interval,evolution of a dune could have three stages.The findings imply that aeolian dunes forms and vertical variations of moisture contents should be included in present models of sand transport rate so as to improve precision and reliability of them.


In the pseudobinary system Nb(Rh 1−x Pd x ) 3 , as in other similar alloy systems, a series of polytypic phases occurs which have related, closepacked structures with systematically varying stacking sequences. After rapid quenching from the melt, the stacking sequence of these polytypes is often changed. A phase m-Nb(Rh .75 Pd .25 ) 3 of the PuGa 3 type with a 12-layer stacking sequence has been prepared by RSP; this phase is probably metastable and displaces an equilibrium phase of the VCo 3 type with a 6-layer structure. Occurrence of the m phase can be rationalized in terms of the sequence of the Jagodzinski notation (fraction of h-like packing) and the variation of the diffraction pattern with composition.


We have performed a large observing campaign of intermediate–redshift disk galaxies including multi–object spectroscopy with the FORS instruments of the Very Large Telescope and imaging with the Advanced Camera for Surveys onboard the Hubble Space Telescope. Our data set comprises 113 late–type galaxies in the redshift range 0.1 2 m in rest– frame B. Numerous tests applied to the data confirm that this trend is unlikely to arise from an observational bias or systematic errors. Discrepancies between several previous studies could be explained as a combination of selection effects and small number statistics on the basis of such a mass–dependent luminosity evolution. On the other hand, this evolution would be at variance with the predictions from numerical simulations. For a given Vmax, the disks of the distant galaxies are slightly smaller than those of their local counterparts, as expected for a hierarchical structure growth. Hence, the discrepancy between the observations and theoretical predictions is limited to the properties of the stellar populations. A possible explanation could be the suppression of star formation in low–mass disks which is not yet properly implemented in models of galaxy evolution.


Motivated by the Internet-of-Things (IoT) cloudification as the trend to implement IoT applications, an efficient design for interactions between sensors and cloud is necessary. In this paper, we propose an efficient interactive model that is designed for the sensor-cloud integration to enable the sensor-cloud to simultaneously provide sensing services on-demand to multiple applications with various latency requirements. In the proposed model, complicated functions are offloaded to the cloud, and only the light-weight processes are executed at resource constrained sensor nodes. We design an aggregation mechanism for the sensor-cloud to aggregate the application requests so that the workloads that are required for sensors are minimized, thereby saving energy. The latency of sensing packets from sensor-to-cloud is controlled by the sensor-cloud based feedback control theory. Based on the feedback from the sensor-cloud, physical sensor nodes optimize their scheduling accordingly to save energy while maintaining the latency of all sensing flows routed through them satisfied the requirements of applications. Extensive experimental and analysis results show that the proposed model effectively controls the latency of sensing flows with a low signaling overhead and a high energy efficiency compared with the state-of-the-art scheme.


At Artois, the family members stepped up in terms of governance and leadership and led the company during both wars. During the First World War, consumers' taste had changed under English and German influence towards stronger as well as sweet beer. After the war, several breweries mechanized their firms to brew bottom fermented beers, such as Artois' 'Stella Artois' (1926), with hindsight the most successful product of the brewery. Artois became the number one brewery in Belgium by 1936 thanks to important investments. A major expansion programme and improvements to the brewery lifted Piedboeuf to a top sixteen status by 1938. Artois expanded its distribution network through several acquisitions of breweries and their pubs, while Piedboeuf was more involved in door-to-door deliveries. Politics of branding and other marketing practices took place on a larger scale. In this respect, in 1933, Piedboeuf was the first brewer to launch a monthly magazine.


Doctors' interactions with the media are examined from two different perspectives in this week's BMJ Careers. Rachel Birch considers what doctors should do when they are approached by the media for comment on a story (http://careers.bmj.com/careers/advice/In\_the\_eye\_of\_the\_media\_storm), while Rachel Isba and Lucy Potter describe their experiences working in the media (http://careers.bmj.com/careers/advice/The\_art\_of\_communicating\_science).

Birch …


We introduce a concept and develop a theory of Galois subalgebras in skew semigroup rings. Proposed approach has a strong impact on the representation theory, first of all the theory of Harish-Chandra modules, of many infinite dimensional algebras including the Generalized Weyl algebras, the universal enveloping algebras of reductive Lie algebras, their quantizations, Yangians etc. In particular, we show how some of these algebras can be embedded into skew (semi)group rings. As one of the applications of the developed technique we reprove the Gelfand-Kirillov conjecture for the universal enveloping algebra of gl n and verify it for the Yangians of gl 2 and for the quantization of gl 2 .


Based on the deteriorating bankruptcy fraud,crime of false bankruptcy is added to Article 6 of Amendment Ⅵ to the Criminal Law.The theorists have different viewpoint before the judicial department has promulgated its official charge.According to subject,subjective aspect,objective aspect and object in order,the article explores constitutive requirement of the crime of false bankruptcy.Based on the legislation of foreign countries,the author has commented and analyzed the criminal responsibilities of false bankruptcy crime.


The feasibility of Ni(II) removal from water was investigated by adsorption on fly-ash. The equilibrium data
of Ni(II) removal thus obtained is well fitted to Langmuir equation. The mono layer adsorption capacity was
calculated and found to be 0.293 mg-1 at 30C. The batch adsorption kinetics follows first order reaction
and appears to be diffusion controlled. The values of mass transfer and pore diffusion coefficients were 1.14
X 10-5 cm S-I and 6.2 xlO -1l cm2 s-J respectively at 30C. The influence of initial nickel concentration,
residence time, temperature and pH on metal adsorption process was studied, An increase in the solution
temperature, pH and decrease in concentration favour the removal of nickel by fly-ash. The maximum
adsorption of Ni(II) ions was noted at pH 7.0. The various thermodynamic parameters were calculated for
the present system. The empirical model has been tested for the kinetics join(II) removal by adsorption on fly
ash and the parameters for the continuous operation of the removal process were determined.


The unique three-dimensional structure of spidrion determines the outstanding mechanical property of the spider silk fiber. Inspired by the similar three-dimensional structure of superb-uranyl binding protein (SUP) to that of spidroin, a dual-SUP (DSUP) chimeric protein fiber with high tensile strength is firstly designed. The DSUP hydrogel fiber exhibits a loofah-shape structure by the cross-interact of the protein nanofiber. Fully exposure of abundant functional uranyl-binding sites in the stretchable loofah-shape hydrogel protein fiber qualify the DSUP fiber a groundbreaking uranium extraction capacity of 17.45 mg g-1 within an ultrashort saturation time of 3 days in natural seawater. This work not only designs an adsorbent with ultrahigh uranium extraction capacity, but also explores the strategy for fabricating artificial high-strength functional non-spidroin protein fiber.


In this paper the complexity and reliability of frequency reconfigurable antennas are presented. A new approach for decreasing the complexity of reconfigurable antennas while maintaining the reliability of such structures is discussed. An example is given to prove the validity of the proposed approaches.


OBJECTIVE:To investigate the utilization of antitumor drugs in our hospital.METHODS:A statistical analysis was performed on the consumption sum,DDDs and the average daily cost of antitumor drugs used in our hospital from 2001 to 2005.RESULTS:The consumption sum of antitumor drugs accounted for 18.07%~23.30% of the total,with the rates of increase over the 5 years at—13.25%,22.08%,1.86% and 3.69%,respectively.The consumption sum of antitumor plant amedica accounted for 40% of that of the total antitumor drugs.CONCLUSION:Leading the list are antitumor plant amedica,assistant drugs,antimetabolite drugs and antitumor antibiotics.Consumption sum and DDDs are of the same importance important in drug control.


We propose the use of a self-oscillating dynamical system — the pre-Galileian clock equation — for modeling the laryngeal tone. The parameters are shown to be the minimal control needed for generating the prosody of the human speech. Based on this model, we outline a peak delay detection algorithm for extracting the prosody of the real speech.


When you look in the mirror you see a refl ection of yourself. Similarly, when we look at laws we see not only words on a page but a picture of us as a society and the values by which we are and wish to be governed. The right to a fair trial at Article 14 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights protects a defendant's access to a court and a lawyer. Realisation of these rights requires the resources necessary to train and employ legal professionals as well as provide the necessary infrastructure. Only in this way can the laws of evidence and established legal procedures be navigated by parties not learned in the law.


Prathyaksh Janardhanan . Every society produces its peripheries. The dominant societal and hierarchical power structures ( national ,patriarchal or both ) control the agency and the discourse of a society and nation state, thereby silencing sections of the society which are silenced and pushed to the margins. However, these acts of domination and suppression have been always been challenged. The presence of subcultures and the representation of the same can be seen as one of the acts of criticizing the dominant societal and national systems. This paper analyses the novel titled The Book of Destruction by the Malayalam novelist P Sachidanandan (Anand) to argue how, through the representation of the subculture of Thugee, the novel presents an alternative discourse to the nation and state sponsored violence.


For oil fields that are at a late stage of development, urgent tasks are the operational analysis of the development and optimization of the operating modes of injection wells. The demand for responsiveness often forces one to abandon the use of three-dimensional hydrodynamic models in favor of analytical ones such as CRMP. Using CRMP models allows you to quickly assess the trends in the impact of injection wells on producing wells and build reliable short-term forecasts for fluid production. Supplementing the traditional (single-phase) CRMP model with a water cut model also allows predicting oil production rates for producing wells and expands the capabilities of an operational analysis of the existing development system. In addition, an adequate water cut model allows using the CRMP model to solve the problem of optimizing the operating modes of the injection well stock. This article discusses the main known water cut models used in conjunction with the CRMP model, provides a brief analysis of their advantages and disadvantages. A new authorial mathematical model of water cut ("multi-characteristic model") is proposed, which allows to establish the role of each injection well in changing the water content of the considered producer. An adaptation algorithm is also described, that is, the selection of unknown model coefficients implemented in Ariadna software (developed by Tyumen Petroleum Research Center LLC). The low computational complexity of the algorithm allows you to quickly simulate areas containing up to several hundred wells. The results of experiments on the use of a new mathematical model on a synthetic model of an oil reservoir are presented. The results of predicting water cut are compared with the results of previously known methods. The restrictions for using the new model, as well as directions for its development are indicated.


Aims:  To determine the relationship between yellow band disease (YBD)‐associated pathogenic bacteria found in both Caribbean and Indo‐Pacific reefs, and the virulence of these pathogens. YBD is one of the most significant coral diseases of the tropics.


We provide a systematic treatment of the tenfold way of classifying fermionic systems that naturally allows for the study of those with arbitrary N-body interactions. We identify four types of symmetries such systems can possess, which consist of one ordinary type (usual unitary symmetries), and three non-ordinary symmetries (such as time reversal, charge conjugation and sublattice). Focusing on systems that possess no non-trivial ordinary symmetries, we demonstrate that the non-ordinary symmetries are strongly constrained. This approach not only leads very naturally to the tenfold classes, but also obtains the canonical representations of these symmetries in each of the ten classes. We also provide a group cohomological perspective of our results in terms of projective representations. We then use the canonical representations of the symmetries to obtain the structure of Hamiltonians with arbitrary N-body interactions in each of the ten classes. We show that the space of N-body Hamiltonians has an affine subspace (of a vector space) structure in classes which have either or both charge conjugation and sublattice symmetries. Our results can help address many open questions including the topological classification of interacting fermionic systems. (C) 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.


This month, a consistent sense I've garnered from the industry is how busy everyone is. There is a feeling from both readers and advertisers that, unlike previous years, the fourth quarter shows no signs of slowing down. With new product launches, breaking R&D news and the ever-changing face of regulatory requirements, there is a great deal to look forward to in 2012.


With the rapid development of the windy power field,the various kinds of control methods have been proposed aiming at the maximum power capture and the improvement of the power quality.A monitor system for 750 kW wind turbine was designed to complete remote measurement,control and adjustment of system parameters with the graphics program language similar to human thought in LabVIEW.The conclusion gotten from experiment shows that the system has many characteristics,such as user-friendly interface,advanced automation,convenient operation, high reliability and high accuracy.It can realize the functions of data remote acquisition and transmission by network,data display in real-time,analyzing,monitoring and data management.


A microbial inhibition assay (MIA) method for the detection of antibiotics residues, is introduced with Micrococcus luteus, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus Var. mycoides as sensitive bacteria. Above four species antibiotics residues in the meat,seafood and egg samples, can be determined stimltaneously. The lower detection limits of the method are as follows:β-lactams 0.05 mg/kg, tetracyclines0.1 mg/kg, macrolides0.05 mg/kg, aminoglycosides 0.5 mg/kg.


Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is an aggressive malignancy arising from the mesothelial surfaces of the pleura. Macroscopic complete resection (MCR) seems to have the greatest impact on survival in surgery-based multimodality treatment protocols (1). Depending on the surgical preference and intraoperative findings, extrapleural pneumonectomy (EPP) or aggressive radical pleurectomy (RP) or pleurectomy/decortication (P/D) might achieve MCR even at advanced stages or in the presence of higher tumor burden (2).

There is a variable definition of RP and P/D in the literature. In our definition, RP is a surgical procedure with complete lung-sparing resection of the visceral and parietal pleura (3). Wedge resections are carried out in the event of deep infiltration of the lung parenchyma. Care is taken to preserve the phrenic nerve, pericardium and diaphragm whenever possible. If necessary, partial or total resection and reconstruction of the diaphragm and pericardium can be carried out. In contrast, the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer International Staging Committee (IASLC) and the International Mesothelioma Interest Group (IMIG) define P/D as a surgical procedure to remove all macroscopic tumour involving the parietal and visceral pleura. The term "extended" P/D was proposed for additional diaphragmatic or pericardial resection (4).

Furthermore, it has been shown that patients undergoing P/D and having incomplete resection (R2) might have comparable survival to patients having MCR with EPP (5). Thus, it is very important to have the ability to perform RP in the management of MPM from a functional and/or oncological point of view. The accompanying video represents an effort to demonstrate the key steps in how to perform RP.


COVID‐19 vaccines provide high levels of protection against severe disease and hospitalization due to severe acute respiratory syndrome‐related coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection. Vaccination may be less effective in preventing shedding of infectious viruses from otherwise immune patients. In this study, we describe breakthrough infections and shedding of infectious viruses in convalescent hamsters without significant replication in the lower respiratory tract following reinfection by Alpha and Delta variants despite high levels of circulating antibodies in sera. Using convalescent hamsters with long‐term immunity (up to 1 year) following infection by ancestral SARS‐CoV‐2, we can model aspects of recurring COVID‐19 in the context of preexisting immunity.


CONTENTS: William Horbury, 'Jewish Inscriptions and Jewish Literature in Egypt, with Special Reference to Ecclesiasticus'. Jan Willem van Henten, 'A Jewish Epitaph in a Literary Text: 4 Macc 17:8-10'. Johan H.M. Strubbe, 'Curses Against Violation of the Grave in Jewish Epitaphs from Asia Minor'. Pieter W. van der Horst, 'Jewish Poetical Tomb Inscriptions'. Alice J. Bij de Vaate, 'Alphabet-Inscriptions from Jewish Graves'. David Noy, 'The Jewish Communities of Leontopolis and Venosa'. Gert Luderitz, 'What is the Politeuma?' Tessa Rajak, 'Inscription and Context: Reading the Jewish Catacombs of Rome'. Gerard Mussies, 'Jewish Personal Names in Some Non-Literary Sources'. Hanswulf Bloedhorn, 'Zur Architektur der Synagogen in der Diaspora'.


The purpose of this article is to explore the historiographical problems around the topic of international academic exchange during the Lazaro Cardenas presidential period. It is a first approach in the search of an analytical framework to observe and understand this phenomenon. Rather than offering some conclusive results, in the following pages I will sketch the questions and possibilities for studying it and the challenges this study poses to the history of education. Whereas academic exchange is a constant in the Mexican university system, there is very little historical research into it. The present paper proposes a different array of sources and methodologies to undertake its examination in a systematic manner.


Space-time codes have been introduced to improve a mobile system's performance in a multipath fading environment. We consider an L-multipath, m mobile-antenna system in which the base station has a phased n-antenna array (i.e. fading at the base station antennas is completely correlated). We show that when the channel has no ISI, then adaptive antennas, in the form of beamforming, can be combined with delay-diversity coding to achieve a diversity gain of mL and a large coding gain, whenever n/spl ges/L. When the channel has ISI, or for a rapid fading channel; beamforming can be used to achieve a coding gain over a SIMO system, although both have the same diversity gain. Novel concepts of beamforming are derived in the process.


provided some bench marks for what was acceptable as to rates and return on investment in the carriers. However, the book shows that technology and competition were more effective than public policy in reorienting pipeline practices and in promoting construction and efficient use of the carriers both by oil companies and by companies specializing in transportation. In summary, this volume continues the attention given to a broad spectrum of business interests that was reflected in its predecessor in the Business Histoiy Series, Boston Capitalists and Western Railroads. Hopefully, it has shed light on mangerial perceptions of public policy under a variety of conditions and has pinpointed the critical interfaces between business policy and public policy. By examining the process of their evolution and interactions over an extended period of time, the book may help to illuminate the strengths and weaknesses of each and to suggest to business historians the possibilities for testing the relevant hypotheses and conclusions in other areas of American industry.


We developed a value analysis framework based on existing literature. We used our framework to analyze novel mobile peer-to-peer communications technologies on three distinct evolution paths. According to our analysis, the telecom-driven evolution path concentrates on preserving established business models of current telecom operators; the Internet-driven and proprietary paths initiate competing business models where the service operator partially replaces the service provision value generation mode of the network operator. The value networks of the proprietary and the telecom-driven paths are centralized on one actor, whereas the value network of the Internet-driven path is more balanced and establishes value generation opportunities for more actors.


Definitions and Distinctions First, it is important to distinguish between categorical variables and continuous variables. Categorical variables are those with two values (i.e., binary, dichotomous) or those with a few ordered categories. Examples might include gender, dead vs. alive, audited vs. not audited, or variables with few response options like "never," "sometimes," or "always." Continuous variables are variables measured on a ratio or interval scale, such as temperature, height, or income in dollars.


Background/Aims Information about cancer prognosis is a main topic of interest for cancer patients and clinicians alike. Prognostic information can help with decisions about treatment, lessen patients' uncertainty and empower them to participate in the decision making process. Calculating and communicating cancer prognostic information can be challenging due to the high complexity and probabilistic nature of the information. Furthermore, prognostic information is further complicated by the potential interplay between cancer and other comorbid medical conditions. The purpose of this presentation is to present findings from a systematic review of web-based interactive prognostic calculators and assess how they might support patient-centered communication of prognostic information with cancer patients. Methods A systematic review of web-based cancer prognostic calculators was conducted using web search engines, peer-reviewed manuscripts, and expert input. Calculators had to be interactive, focus on cancer, available in English, and provide information about probabilities of survival/mortality, recurrence, spread, or clinical response to treatment. Eligible calculators were reviewed and abstracted for content, format, and functions of patient-centered communication and findings were summarized in a tabular format for comparison. The abstraction guide was pilot tested by all abstractors and was refined using a consensus approach. Results A total of 22 eligible web-based cancer prognostic tools including 95 individual calculators for 88 distinct cancer sites were identified and abstracted. Thirteen of the tools recommended patients as potential direct users; all other tools were designed for clinicians. Outcomes presented will include: 1) general description of calculators, including cancer type, designated users, types of data elements used in prognosis prediction, and validation, 2) calculator interface data entry features, and graphic output, 3) interpretation of prognosis and additional resources, 4) strengths and limitations in supporting patient-centered cancer communication about cancer prognosis. Examples from selected calculators will be demonstrated throughout the presentation. Conclusions A large number of web-based cancer prognostic calculators have been developed and are available for use by cancer specialists and patients. The ability of most of these calculators to support patient-centered calculators around cancer prognosis is limited by their design and content and the degree to which they include and present information in an actionable way.


Events currently constitute one of the main categories of the tourist product. They are included in the group of the so-called simple tourist products. Their significance on the market of tourist services is constantly increasing. Events constitute a modern form of the promotion of a brand and a product; they facilitate access to new customers, and also create a positive image of a tourist destination. It should be emphasized that for many tourists, events constitute one of the main purposes of a tourist trip. This means that they are an essential element of the tourist attraction of a given place. In this article, the potential was demonstrated of events organized in Kolobrzeg in the context of their functioning as the products of cultural tourism. A research thesis was accepted that organization of events currently constitutes one of the main factors that determine the development of cultural tourism in a given area.


Strong laser emission was observed in the 342‐nm I2 band system from an e‐beam–excited mixture of Ar and CF3I (250 : 1) at a total pressure of 10 atm. Laser emission occurred simultaneously at 342.0, 342.3, 342.4, and 342.8 nm with a peak power of 3.6 MW in a 10‐nsec (FWHM) pulse.


Clinical and counseling psychologists trained in the United States have reported receiving little or no formal education in substance use disorders (SUD). We, therefore, sought to determine the extent to which American Psychological Association (APA) accredited doctoral programs in clinical and counseling psychology provide education in addictive disorders., Based on past research, we predicted that (a) most doctoral programs would not offer formal SUD training courses; (b) the available courses would more likely be elective than required; (c) Psy.D. (Doctor of Psychology) programs would be more likely to offer required SUD courses than Ph.D. (Doctor of Philosophy in Clinical and Counseling Psychology) programs; and (d) Psy.D. programs would have a higher number of faculty members who include SUD in the topics of their research interests than Ph.D. programs. We thoroughly surveyed curriculum webpages of all APA-accredited clinical and counseling psychology programs. We tallied the number of programs that offered courses in SUD (required and elective courses) and the number of faculty members who listed SUD (or an addiction) as one of their clinical and/or research interests. In general, our hypotheses were supported. We found that 30.8% of all surveyed programs offered SUD courses, supporting past research and our hypotheses that SUD training is scant among clinical and counseling psychology programs. While psychologists are increasingly required to provide addiction services in clinical practice, too many psychologists finish graduate school with no formal training to understand, assess, and treat individuals with an SUD.


Direct fuel cells (DFCs) using liquid fuels directly as a fuel without a reforming step have received much attention in the past decade because liquid fuels are very easy to store, transport and refill, and allow for compact design that can offer up to 1 0 times the energy density of rechargeable batteries. In addition, DFCs can operate at ambient temperature, reducing thermal management challenges for small systems. These advantages make the technology attractive to the rapidly increasing need for portable power sources [1]. Recently, direct formic acid fuel celi (DFAFC) has been the focus of continuous efforts, because of its advantages över direct methanol fuel celi including higher theoretical open circuit potential and lower fuel crossover [2]. Following their successful implementation in the first DFAFC systems, Pt-based catalysts have been widely studied, and continue to be an important aspect of DFAFC anode catalyst research [3]. In the present study, we describe electro oxidation of formic acid on poly(vinylferrocenium) supported Pt nanoparticles (Pt/PVF+ catalyst system). The polymer was electrodeposited on the electrode surface by the electro oxidation of 1.0 mg m ir 1 PVF solution in methylene chloride containing 0.1 M TBAP at + 0.7 V vs. Ag/AgCl. Pt particles were incorporated into the polymer matrix via cyclic voltammetric seans in aqueous 2 mM K2PtCl4 solution without supporting eleetrolyte. In this step, Pt is in complex form and does not show catalytic aetivity. In order to reduce the Pt species, polymer-coated electrode containing Pt complex was immersed in 0.1 M hydrazine solution stirred continuously at open circuit [4]. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) images revealed that the diameters of the Pt particles were approximately 80 nm. The Pt/PVF+ catalyst system showed catalytic aetivity towards formic acid oxidation. The system was also tested in a single fuel celi configuration at ambient temperature and atmospheric pressure. Nafion® membrane was used in the direct formic acid fuel celi (DFAFC) construction. The anode was Pt/PVF+ catalyst system prepared using Pt foil electrode (lcmxlcm). Pt black-coated Pt electrode was used as the cathode material. 6 M formic acid solution containing 0.5 M H2SO4 was used as the fuel and 0.5 M H2SO4 solution which was saturated by pure O2 gas was used as the oxidant. The system was tested with a homemade single celi with a working area of 1 cm2. The celi performance was also compared with direct methanol fuel celi (DMFC) construction.


Taking action for evacuation immediately is the most important and effective measure when tsunami attacks in the aftermath of a large earthquake. In this paper, a concept of delivering the least amount of emergency warning information and location based information possible is presented with a design of indoor/outdoor seamless positioning and emergency warning system that uses GNSS-based signals. This system includes an indoor positioning system equipped with a positioning method with GNSS-based signals and broadcasts a small volume of data including emergency warning information indoor and outdoor as well as the navigation message. A facility with large indoor space in coastal areas has GNSS antenna, receives and relays the emergency warning message from GNSS to transmitters of indoor positioning system via local area network. The system also has a function to provide indoor evacuation control information from building security room. The data communication speed of indoor signals compatible with GNSS is low as well as GNSS signals. Although the available data volume for emergency warning information is limited, we have confirmed the system is able to provide marginal information on an actual case of indoor positioning system, the indoor messaging system (IMES).


Abstract Geodetic deformation analysis can be interpreted as a model selection problem. The null model indicates that no deformation has occurred. It is opposed to a number of alternative models, which stipulate different deformation patterns. A common way to select the right model is the usage of a statistical hypothesis test. However, since we have to test a series of deformation patterns, this must be a multiple test. As an alternative solution for the test problem, we propose the p-value approach. Another approach arises from information theory. Here, the Akaike information criterion (AIC) or some alternative is used to select an appropriate model for a given set of observations. Both approaches are discussed and applied to two test scenarios: A synthetic levelling network and the Delft test data set. It is demonstrated that they work but behave differently, sometimes even producing different results. Hypothesis tests are well-established in geodesy, but may suffer from an unfavourable choice of the decision error rates. The multiple test also suffers from statistical dependencies between the test statistics, which are neglected. Both problems are overcome by applying information criterions like AIC.


TO THE EDITOR: R. Myles Riner, MD, and colleagues are to be commended for their work reported in the November issue, "Categorization of Hospital Emergency Services."' Lest we suddenly all jump to the tune of categorization, however, there is something we must realize-no one has demonstrated that for all its cost and trouble, categorization really saves lives and reduces morbidity. No matter how elegant the categorization scheme, the actual process involves empowering a state or county agency to demand of local hospitals and physicians the filling out of endless surveys and the attending of required meetings, necessitating, in turn, countless hours of administrative and physician time at the local hospital level-time and money that should perhaps be better spent on direct patient care. In our local area of California, for example, we have had a categorization scheme of sorts since around 1982, when a regional trauma system was set up. Despite this, not one shred of evidence has been published to date showing that our trauma system in a semiurban and rural area of California desert has significantly altered the outcome of even one case. In fact, the local emergency medical services (EMS) agency that spent who knows how many thousands ofdollars has been so inept, in the opinion of Riverside County, that the county "seceded" this month from the regional system. This is the danger of categorization-no matter how well conceived, it fosters government bureaucracy. Let us rather first prove that it really makes a difference to emergency care. Then, even if it does, let us calculate the cost/benefit ratios of this categorization, taking into account physician and hospital time needed to set up the system. Then and only then should we start "categorizing."


Simple Summary Endometritis is a disease affecting reproductive performance in dairy cows. Considering the modern issues concerning the use of antibiotics in animal production, it is important to refine our criteria for diagnosing this disease. As such, confirming the presence of bacteria in the uterus before implementing an intrauterine antibiotic treatment is critical. To be able to achieve this on dairy farms, the accuracy of currently available on-farm bacteriological culture systems (Tri-plate and Petrifilm) needs to be validated. This study used data from 189 dairy cows to assess this objective. Uterine samples were collected on cows between 30 and 43 days in milk and were submitted for bacteriological culture using three different approaches: standard laboratory and two on-farm systems (Tri-plate and Petrifilm). Our results showed that the optimal criteria for using the Tri-plate and Petrifilm on-farm systems were >90 and >100 colonies, respectively, when compared with the results from the standard laboratory. These results support the possibility of using the Tri-plate on-farm bacteriological culture system to diagnose endometritis. Abstract The objective of this study was to validate the accuracy of the results of on-farm bacteriological culture media (Tri-plate and Petrifilm) from endometrial samples compared with the ones from the diagnostic laboratory. A cross-sectional observational study was set up within two dairy herd clients of the Université de Montréal. A total of 189 cows in the postpartum period were systematically enrolled to collect two uterine samples from cytobrushes during the same examination. The first cytobrush was used to inoculate the Tri-plate medium directly and then was sent to the reference laboratory for aerobic bacterial culture. The second cytobrush was used to make a microscopic smear for cytological analysis (proportion of polymorphonuclear cells) and subsequently diluted in 1 mL of saline to inoculate the Petrifilm medium. From these data, statistical analyses were computed to optimize the summation of sensitivity and specificity of the two systems compared with the results of the reference laboratory. For the Tri-plate and Petrifilm media, the cutoffs of ˃90 and ˃100 colonies gave the maximum sum of sensitivity and specificity, respectively. In conclusion, Tri-plate media was best at reproducing the results obtained by laboratory analysis using a threshold of >90 colonies.


ISSN: 0021-9444 (Print) (Online) Journal homepage: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/vjeb19 Office Practice at Medford High School M. Gertrude Roughsedge To cite this article: M. Gertrude Roughsedge (1942) Office Practice at Medford High School, The Journal of Business Education, 18:2, 11-21, DOI: 10.1080/08832323.1942.10115010 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08832323.1942.10115010


In order to develop a kind of universal controller that is very convenient in actual applications, it is necessary to utilize the universal approximation characteristic of an intelligent control algorithm. But it is very hard to implement control in real-time because of the large amount of computation needed. A fuzzy control, with human simulated intelligent weight coefficient, was selected as the control algorithm, since its computations are less than that of the other intelligent approaches. To improve the performance in real time, a high-speed memory address mapping approach was adopted as the hardware implementation. The entire ideas, including the algorithm and approach, are introduced in detail. Based on theoretical studies, corresponding hardware circuits were designed, and this kind of fuzzy controller was developed. In the experimental study, the experimental device of machine control was selected, and the fuzzy controller developed to manipulate the machine's speed was applied. Under the same experimental conditions, the control performance of the fuzzy controller was excellent with respect to its speed. The control quality was found to be better than that of PID hardware circuit control system.


The purpose of the research was to discover whether pathogenicity in G. graminis is under major gene or multiple gene control and how pathogenic variation is generated in the field. The shoot dry weight of infected wheat seedlings was used as a measure of pathogenicity.

Crosses were made between isolates differing in pathogenicity using a weakly pathogenic auxotrophic mutant requiring para-aminobenzoic acid for growth as one of the parental isolates in each cross. A nuclear marker was necessary since G. graminis is homothallic. The mutation was produced by irradiating macerated hyphal strands with ultra-violet light.

Analysis of the progeny indicated that pathogenicity is under multiple gene control and that most of the genotypic variation is additive. There is a possibility of non allelic interactive effects but the evidence is not conclusive.

The possibility of heterokaryosis in G. graminis was investigated by comparing pathogenicity between hyphal tip cultures and internal cell cultures derived from individual field isolates. Some field isolates were shown to be heterogeneous. In addition, heterokaryotic hyphae were synthesised between the mutant isolate and its parental wild-type isolate. These results showed that potentially G. graminis could grow as a heterokaryon although how widespread this is in nature is not clear.


According to Donaldson and Werhane (1993, 2), the word "ethics" refers to the "study of whatever is right and good for humans" and the study of business ethics investigates business practices in light of human values. Over the last few years, a number of researchers have discussed the importance of the ethical considerations in business decisions. (Beversluis 1987; Henderson 1982; Longenecker, McKinney, and Moore 1988; and Stead, Worrell, and Stead 1990). The small business owner personally confronts numerous business decisions that possess ethical challenges. Alpander, Carter, and Forsgren (1990) identified some of the key managerial issues that confront small businesses in their formative years. These issues include employee problems, product pricing, legal problems, product quality, and government regulatory concerns. The authors state, "Most owner-managers described their decision process as an action based on significant thought, conscious analysis of the problem, and evaluation of available alternatives" (Alpander, Carter, and Forsgren 1990, 15). One reason for this careful decision process on these issues may be the possible ethical ramifications that each issue possesses. Small business owners may often find it difficult to make purely impersonal decisions. Venture success, financial opportunity, and new-product development are all areas that may be impacted by decisions having ethical consequences (Hosmer 1987). What are the ethical considerations of small business owners with regard to their decisions? Are there any underlying dimensions or factors that can be identified within the small business ethics area? This current study investigated the factor structure of small business owners' ethical perceptions. Specifically, the research question centers around the possible existence of underlying dimensions which guide owner/managers' behaviors. BUSINESS ETHICS LITERATURE A review of the recent literature concerning business ethics reveals some distinct points. First, a number of articles extol the need for businesses to become more aware of their role in ethical behavior (Berenbeim 1987, Andrews 1989, Frederick 1988, Goddard 1988, Hector 1989, Von der Embse and Wagley 1988, Shostack 1990, Evans 1991, Werner 1992). Second, corporate codes of conduct are discussed as a means by which businesses attempt to support ethical practices (Robin, Giallourakis, David, and Moritz 1989; Brooks 1989; McDonald and Zepp 1989; and Epstein 1987). Third, the specific value systems and attitudes of executives are examined as the ultimate source of business practices (Cadbury 1987; Andrews 1989; Lank 1988; Giagalone and Ashworth 1988; Goddard 1988; Barnett and Karson 1987; Gellerman 1989; Kirrane 1990; Reilly and Kyj 1990; Enz, Dollinger, and Daily 1990). A final emphasis in the literature is the small business owner's perspective on ethics. There are only a few studies that have examined different features of ethics in smaller firms (Wilson 1980; Brown and King 1982; Chrisman and Fry 1982; Timmons and Stevenson 1983; Hills and Narayana 1989; Longenecker, McKinney, and Moore 1989; Humphreys, Robin, Reidenbach, and Moak 1990). Dees and Starr (1992) reviewed the state of ethical research in entrepreneurship and small business and concluded that there are only "a handful of papers that explicitly address ethical questions in the context of small business management." It is their contention that solid research in the area can have both academic and practical benefits. They believe that the examination of ethical issues in small firms is not simply an "idle academic" query. In order to better understand the complexity of the issue, Dees and Starr suggest investigation of the types of ethical dilemmas most characteristic of entrepreneurial management. However, in order to accomplish this, they conclude that the material found in the current literature "would be stronger if it could be grounded in a solid base of research" (Dees and Starr 1992, 91). …


AIM: To screen for dry eye among type 2 diabetic patients ,determine the prevalence and correlate with
blood sugar levels.
METHODS: 100 patients who were diagnosed cases of type 2 diabetes were included in the study .Detailed history regarding
ocular symptoms, diabetes and its duration was taken. A thorough ocular examination using Slit lamp bio microscopy was
done and visual acuity tested with Snellen's chart.Tear lm status evaluated by Schirmer's I test, Tear lm break up
time(TBUT),Tear meniscus height. Two or all of the above performed tests was positive in a given patient, the patient was
deemed to be suffering from dry eye.
RESULTS:Out of 100 patients, males were 48 and females were 52. 39 patients were found to show positive screening tests for
dry eye.38% (out of 39 patients) had major symptom of foreign body sensation. 23 out of 39 patients were females. 14 out of 39
patients were in age group 51 to 60 years.Most of the diabetics with dry eye had duration of disease 5 to 10 years .39 patients
had Tear Break Up time <10 sec, 25 patients had Tear Meniscus Height <0.25mm and 36 patients had Schirmers I
test<10mm.Diabetics with dry eyes had average RBS of 179.63+57.28 and PPBS of 247.75+88.39 mg/dl. These values were
more when compared to diabetics with no dry eye.
CONCLUSION: Early ocular examination in Diabetic patients and good glycemic control should be done considering
increased incidence of dry eyes.This should be an integral part of the assessment of diabetic eye disease so as to improve the
patient's comfort and to prevent or minimize further structural damage to the ocular surface.


Impact toughness is one of the major mechanical properties for structural materials. It is generally observed that in coarse-grained materials the impact toughness decreases with decreasing testing temperature. Here, we report that the impact toughness of nanostructured Ti processed by severe plastic deformation is enhanced at low temperatures of −70°C and −196°C, a unique phenomenon that contradicts the observations in coarse-grained materials. The enhanced impact toughness is attributed to the increased strength and ductility of nanostructured Ti as well as smaller fracture dimples at lower temperatures. This result demonstrates the advantage of using nanostructured Ti in low-temperature applications.


In this paper, we are concerned with SIR epidemics in a random environment on complete graphs, where every edges are assigned with i.i.d. weights. Our main results give large and moderate deviation principles of sample paths of this model.


The problem of stability is studied for a nonlinear elastic porous rod with a solid coating for two common types of combined loading an axial compression of the rod under external hydrostatic pressure, as well as compression and torsion of the rod. A special feature of this paper is that the behavior of a homogeneous coating is studied in the framework of classical (non-polar) continuum model, while to describe the properties of a highly porous rod the Cosserat continuum model is used. By solving the linearized equilibrium equations numerically, for a number of specific porous materials and coatings, the critical curves and corresponding buckling modes are found, as well the stability regions in the planes of the loading parameters. The detailed analysis of the size effect, as well as the influence of mechanical properties and coating thickness, on the equilibrium bifurcation is carried out for an elastic composite rod of micropolar material subject to combined loads.


The TriTec Power Unit (TPU) is a clever and simple design, utilizing many parts commonly available today. It will cost less to manufacture and occupy less space than a conventional motor, especially when it displaces the need for a gearbox and/or clutches. It is very flexible; its cylinders can be configured in several basic designs: radial, opposing, and top-mounted. The TPU can be scaled upward to very large sizes and for very heavy-duty applications. Due to the interchangeability of parts, the TPU will have lower maintenance and inventory expenses. The TPU can be employed in remote areas that may lack advanced technical expertise. It may operate in harsh environments that are hostile to other motor technologies. It is also very flexible in terms of fuel sources; the TPU can be designed to operate on positive pressure such as compressed air or steam, and it can also be powered electrically. The essence of the TPU is based on two powerful mechanical principles, the power of the wedge and the lever. The heart of the TPU is its tri-lobed transmitter which converts linear mechanical force into rotary motion. The transmitter provides more than four times as much leverage as a crank from the same piston stroke and produces three power strokes per revolution per piston. The result is an engine that can produce torque at the moment of rotation and attain peak power at a minute fraction of the cycle. Work is performed more efficiently and at much lower RPM than conventional motors or engines. Initial prototypes and computer modeling confirmed the design to have as much as 50% mechanical efficiency advantage over the traditionally designed crank-type air motor.


An approach is presented for implementing continuous-time analog adaptive recursive filters. The building blocks used to implement such filters are commonly used in integrated circuits, and thus the resulting filters can be fully integrated. Circuit details and experimental results for a discrete prototype are presented.<<ETX>>


The blades in a top-over reduction gas turbine (TRT), run by blast furnace gas (BFG: mixture of CO{sub 2}, CO, H{sub 2} and N{sub 2}) in an iron and steel making mill, are significantly impared by erosion and corrosion. This study evaluated the feasibility of laser consolidation of the thermal sprayed coating for improved bond strength, erosion resistance, and for reducing the number of pores. In addition, laser in-situ coating (laser surface alloying technique), in which the same coating material (Cr{sub 3}C{sub 2} + CrNi powder) used for thermal spraying was blown (by powder feeder) into the moving molten pool generated by laser, was also performed and compared with laser consolidation. The properties of laser-treated specimens were evaluated and compared with the untreated substrate and plasma coating. The properties evaluated were solid particle erosion, corrosion (anodic polarization), bond strength, hardness, density of porosity, and microstructural chaca teristics [OLM, SEM (EPMA), TEM, XRD]. As may be expected, laser consolidation enhanced the erosion resistance, bond strength, and reduced the porosity density as compared to the as-plasma-coated condition. The mechanism for the degradation of the plasma coating of the turbine was found to be a repetitive action of erosion, corrosion penetration through pores,more » and impative spalling. The laser-alloyed Layer showed almost the same properties as that of the consolidated layer and was a strong function of parameters (specific energy density, line mass, and powder feed rate). The laser-alloyed coating consisted of three different layers of microstructures.« less


ABSTRACT Issues surrounding the impact and management of discarded or waste electronic and electrical equipment (WEEE) have received increasing attention in recent years. This attention stems from the growing quantity and diversity of electronic and electrical equipment (EEE) used by modern society, the increasingly rapid turnover of EEE with the accompanying burden on the waste stream, and the occurrence of toxic chemicals in many EEE components that can pose a risk to human and environmental health if improperly managed. In addition, public awareness of the WEEE or "e-waste" dilemma has grown in light of popular press features on events such as the transition to digital television and the exportation of WEEE from the United States and other developed countries to Africa, China, and India, where WEEE has often not been managed in a safe manner (e.g., processed with proper safety precautions, disposed of in a sanitary landfill, combusted with proper air quality procedures). This paper critically reviews current published information on the subject of WEEE. The definition, magnitude, and characteristics of this waste stream are summarized, including a detailed review of the chemicals of concern associated with different components and how this has changed and continues to evolve over time. Current and evolving management practices are described (e.g., reuse, recycling, incineration, landfilling). This review discusses the role of regulation and policies developed by governments, institutions, and product manufacturers and how these initiatives are shaping current and future management practices. IMPLICATIONS WEEE poses a challenge to environmental professionals. Recent investigations document that when managed improperly, WEEE poses an environmental and human health risk. Properly designed and operated WEEE recovery and recycling programs—implemented in many parts of the world as a result of regulatory action, producer initiative, and consumer demand—provide a safer and more sustainable WEEE management strategy. Recent research priorities have focused on quantifying environmental risks and developing efficient recovery technologies and strategies. Continued emphasis on such research is warranted for the foreseeable future.


ABSTRACTA postplasma neutralizer for submicron particles size measurements by mobility analysis has been evaluated. Bipolar ion currents have been measured downstream a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) to estimate the ion fluxes at the inlet of charging volume and the ni·τ product that define the theoretical maximal concentration that can be neutralized. Charge distributions were measured versus DBD voltage, aerosol diameter and concentration for monodisperse aerosols. It is confirmed that the charge distribution of particles depends on the ratio of initial positive and negative ion currents controlled by the DBD voltage leading to a tuneable mean charge of aerosol in this post-DBD bipolar charger. As expected from Gunn's law, the mean charge and the variance are proportional to particle diameter above 50 nm and independent of the aerosol concentration. The size distributions measured with 85Kr and post-DBD neutralizer present the same modal diameters and a maximal overestimation of the total concentrat...


The paper deals with the problem of pulse propagation in scattering lossy media. The built model is based on stochastic Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process. Some numerical experiments are carried out to show square pulse dependence upon parameters of the media.


One of the antidiabetic activity tests is carried out through inhibition testing of the ɑ-glucosidase enzyme. Sonneratia ovata Backer is a mangrove plant that has been used traditionally in medicine. The antidiabetic activity of the fruit samples of Kedabu (Sonneratia ovata Backer) was tested by measuring the inhibition of the ɑ-glucosidase enzyme in vitro. The test sample used ethanol extract (EE) and 3 fruit fractions of Kedabu. The calculation result of the IC50 value obtained at EE was 1.86 µg / mL, the calculation result of the IC50 value obtained in the n-hexane (FH) fraction of Kedabu fruit was 193.32 µg / mL, the calculation result of the IC50 value obtained in the ethyl acetate fraction (FE) of fruit Kedabu is 2.32 µg / mL and finally the calculation result of the IC50 value of water fraction (FA) is 2.29 µg / mL. The positive control in this study, Akarbose, obtained an IC50 result of 0.75 µg / mL. Based on the results obtained, the ethanol extract of Kedabu (Sonneratia ovata Backer) fruit is very active and has the potential as an inhibitor of the ɑ-glucosidase enzyme, followed by the water fraction and ethyl acetate fraction, while the potentially inactive sample is in the n-hexane fraction.


The detection devices in the field of agriculture,limited by the surrounding condition,cannot work through the city normal electricity supply,hence the aim of this paper was to design a set of devices supported by dry batteries to detect agricultural surrounding factors.In this paper,the design of circuit and software under the low-power status of electricity was discussed,and the theory of the electri city consumption in this system was analyzed.Finally,the test result of a temperature-moisture detecting system showed that the actual electricity consumption was conformed to the analysis of theory,and could meet the need of the working.


One decade after the beginning of the war in Iraq, is the country better off? Is the region safer? And did the war accomplish its goals? Deakin University's Dr Benjamin Isakhan assesses where Iraq is at.


High power laser diodes emitting at 800 nm using strained GaAsP- and unstrained InGaAsP-SQWs in the active region are investigated. A very small far field angle of 23/spl deg/ and a high efficiency of 1.1 W/A for 1000 /spl mu/m long laser diodes are achieved. A 1 cm bar with 37.5 % active area shows a CW-output power of 60 W.


Abstract Photoreactive LB films of p-phenylenediacrylic acid "DCAB" with an amide bond were manipulated under different conditions. As revealed by means of spectroscopy, the type of multilayer structure and photoreactivity are affected by the subphase temperature. The photoreactivity as well as fluorescence of LB films prepared at temperatures in the vicinity of 10°C are significantly high.


Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a currently uncurable disease where a mutation in collagen type I yields brittle bones. One potential therapy is transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), but controlling and enhancing transplanted cell survival has proven challenging. Therefore, we use a 2- photon imaging system to study individual transplanted cells in the living bone marrow. We ablated cells deep in the bone marrow and observed minimal collateral damage to surrounding tissue. Future work will evaluate the local impact of transplanted MSCs on bone deposition in vivo.


The fungal endophyte Acremonium lolii Latch, Christensen and Samuels was detected in 18 of 58 ecotypes of perennial ryegrass {Lolium perenne L.) collected in old Irish pastures, and examined by a microscopic staining method. The percentage of infec tion varied between 6.7 and 26.7%. The number of hyphal strands within the leaf sheath was assessed on a 1 (lowest) to 5 (highest) scale and was between 3 and 5 for 14 of the 18 infected ecotypes. Examination of infected seeds showed the A. lolii mycelium growing profusely in the intercellular spaces of the aleurone layer. Infection was confirmed by a serological test. Seeds of 10 infected ecotypes were analysed for the alkaloid lolitrem B and the concentration ranged from 0 to 0.68 jxg/g dry matter.


The article looks at the history of the term "culture" in Germany in general and in German prehistoric archaeology in particular. Gustaf Kossinna's "settlement archaeology" or prehistoric ethnography is discussed in some detail. The alternative approaches of Luening (1972), Strahm (1977) and Clark (1968) are discussed. Luening advocates a view of cultures as a simple classificatory tool, but treates their existence as a unchanging given, that is somehow inherent in the archaeological record. The articles discusses different definitions of ethnicity (essentialist, voluntarist and subjectivist paradigm) and pleads for a historically sensitive study of prehistoric ethnicity. The existence and strength of any spatial patterning of material culture changes through time, and shows different degrees of coherence in different areas of material culture. This puts archaeology in the unique position of being actually able to look at different patterns and "degrees" of ethnicity and to follow the development and disappearance of ethnic units, thus demonstrating that ethnicity is a form of group-identity that is mobilised only under certain conditions.


This paper studies the performance of adaptive vertical handoff schemes for overlay WCDMA and wireless LAN (WLAN) heterogeneous networks. Simulation results show that the proposed adaptive hysteresis vertical handoff (AHVH) can increase lots of average data rate than the fixed hysteresis vertical handoff (FHVH) scheme. Moreover, the proposed AHVH scheme can reduce the ping-pong handoff rate as well .


This study investigates the effects of stock market uncertainty on economic fundamentals, represented by economic activities and systemic risk, in China. To capture the uncertainty in the Chinese stock market precisely, we use the entropy measure through symbolic time-series analysis. The empirical findings reveal strong spillover effects from stock market uncertainty to economic fundamentals. Specifically, an uncertainty shock generates (i) a short-term decline in industrial production, (ii) a rapid drop and rebound in the composite leading indicator, and (iii) an increase in systemic risk. To understand these findings, we suggest and validate the transmission channel through changes in consumption and investment.


During a 17-year-long period at Case Western Reserve University, David Bickers and Hasan Muhktar built the main fundaments of modern dermatotoxicology. Examples are studies in phototoxicity including porphyria, and in particular the characterization of epidermal cytochrome P450 (CYP) expression on mRNA and protein level including the demonstration of the classic CO difference absorption spectrum at 450 nm in epidermal microsomal protein as well as its existence in microsomes from human skin which implies 7-ethoxyresorufin deethylase activity mainly mediated by CYP 1 family isoenzymes. An important prerequisite of these findings was a technique to separate epidermis from dermis, to homogenize skin cells and to isolate microsomal proteins in an appropriate way to detect these sensitive membranebound proteins. In addition, they showed the CYP-dependent metabolism of polycyclic hydrocarbons to its ultimate carcinogenic derivative in the epidermis of neonatal rats and human skin. This led, among other things, to new concepts of anticarcinogenic strategies and systems to study them. A commemorative International Dermatotoxicology Symposium was held last fall in the Netherlands – Vaals, which is situated on the border of 3 countries. Participants from more than 10 different nations participated in this symposium. The main highlights of this meeting are published as original papers or reviews in this special issue of Skin Pharmacology and Physiology. The organizers of the Symposium – Jean Krutmann (Düsseldorf) and Hans Merk (Aachen) – are grateful that the Editor of Skin Pharmacology and Physiology – Jürgen Lademann – gave the opportunity to publish them in this journal. Jean Krutmann Jürgen Lademann Hans F. Merk Published online: January 14, 2010


In this paper, an CORBA-based distributed WfMS architecture is put forward and its design is explained in order to meet therequirements such as performance, scalability, flexibility , reliability and to support the heterogeneous environments.


The alkoxides (1a–e) undergo accelerated 1,5-shifts in hexamethylphosphoric triamide (HMPA) at 20 °C, and the alkoxides (6a–c) rearrange similarly in HMPA at 80–95 °C; the stereopecificity of the rearrangements and the exclusive formation of 2,2-disubstituted indanones (8) form (6) testify to the concerted nature of these shifts.


the idea of ivory tower on the other. Finally, the authors develop some recommendations for how the institution of the university should act in future. In summary, it can be said that this study provides important impulses for a future discussion about the value of higher education, and that it is recommended reading especially for those holding positions of responsibility in academic institutions.


In traditional reliability analysis, the failure rate probabilities of components of a system are considered as exact values. But in real world application there exist uncertainty in failure data obtained from historical data or personal judgment. In this paper the fuzzy reliability of a repairable system comprising of four independent and identical modules is estimated, where the failure rate for each module is assumed to follow an exponential distribution. To handle the uncertainty in calculation of failure rates, these parameters are estimated through a fuzzy triangular number. These fuzzy numbers can be calculated by using point estimation and %(1-β) confidence interval of failure-rate parameters. A numerical example is given to illustrate the procedure and validate the result.


Introduction: Low-flow anesthesia (LFA) reduces the fresh gas flow (FGF) entering the anesthesia circuit and saves on the volatile agent used. In this study, the effect of LFA with sevoflurane on core temperature and the incidence of perioperative hypothermia were investigated. Methods: According to the FGF applied, patients were classified into three groups: LFA (1 L/min), medium-flow anesthesia (MFA = 2 L/min), and high-flow anesthesia (HFA = 4 L/min). Patients' demographic data and the initial (T1) and final (T2) core temperatures during the operation were compared. Results: A total of 160 patients were included in the study. The T2 value of the HFA group was significantly lower than the LFA group (p = 0.028). Different flow values were found to have a significant effect on temperature change (F = 21.630, p < 0.001, partial eta squared = 0.216). There was a significant difference between the mean temperatures measured at two different times (F = 301.064, p < 0.001, partial eta squared = 0.657). The overall incidence of hypothermia was 32.5%, with 52 patients. Hypothermia (T2<36°C) incidences were not different between the LFA group and the MFA and HFA groups (p = 0.682). However, perioperative core temperature loss was significantly lower in the LFA group (p = 0.001). Conclusions: LFA using sevoflurane was not sufficient alone to significantly reduce the incidence of hypothermia. However, we have demonstrated that it may also have a beneficial effect on reducing perioperative temperature loss.


In view of production and application status of China's fertilizer,soil fertility status,agricultural products characters and environmental investigation,the adjusting production and application structure of fertilizer,improving soil characters and reasonable fertilization are described for increasing fertilizer nutrient utilization ratio,reducing agricultural costs and environmental pollution.The agro-services-system through the establishment of fertilizer production and operation,technology and services,management and organization technology and means combination,to support based on the main model of soil-testing for the formula and applicattion fertilizer,and the development of ecological agriculture are discussed.


The audit of term of economic responsibility is a very important measure taken by the party central committee and the state council in order to strengthen the management and the supervision to the leading officials in the party, bring about the honesty and the incorruption, and do their duty correctly. It bas the striking characteristics in comparing with other kinds of audits . This thesis takes the audit of of economic responsibility as the starting point and proposes the corresponding measures in accordance with the practical jobs at present.