Fandoms often carry out social activities to maintain their positive image, one of which is through digital media. This study explores how fandom uses digital media to carry out activism. This research was conducted using a qualitative approach. Meanwhile, the method used is a case study. To analyze the data, the researcher used the concept of digital activism. Based on the analysis, it is found that the use of certain momentum that is closely related to a group can support the success of digital activism. In addition, the message that is disseminated to carry out persuasion is important to be narrated by touching the emotional side of the individual. Transparency in the implementation of digital activism is also something that needs to be managed properly to support the success of digital activism being carried out.


: Chongling catchment is located in the northeast of Taihang Mountains. Based on precipitation event data from six observation points from 2005 to 2014 ( April to October ) in the Chongling catchment , temporal ( annual , monthly , daily and hourly ) and spatial characteristics of precipitation and other factors were analyzed using linear regression and Mann-Kendall trend tests. A significant uneven distribution was found in temporal and spatial analysis of precipitation data. Precipitation amount from April to October in different years changed sharply without any significant increase or decrease tendency. Precipitation from June to September contributed more than 70% of the whole year. Precipitation amount under monthly time scale showed only precipitation in May had a significant decrease tendency. Precipitation days decreased with a slope of 1.22 days/year over the last 10 years. Light rain ( less than 10 mm/day ) is the main type of precipitation in the catchment which contributed more than 50% of total precipitation resources. However , the frequency of heavy rain significantly increased with a slope of 0.19 days/yr which certified a potential threat of extreme precipitation still exists. For spatial analysis of precipitation , the observation points on downstream have more precipitation amounts than points on upstream. Combined with the method of control variable , it can be concluded that vegetation cover played an important role in rainfall distribution in the Chongling catchment and hilly area of Taihang Mountains. Pine, Arborvitae and Acacia can significantly increase reginal precipitation amount.


Goals. Psychological analysis and summarizing of information of womens experiencing of late pregnancy termination for fetal anomaly.
Participants and methods. 105 participants from 19 to 43 years old, experienced late pregnancy termination for fetal anomaly after 22 gestation weeks, which needed the psychological support during being in maternal hospital. Method of data collection is structured clinical interview with following analysis and summarizing information that had been received. It was also performed many other authors data analysis. This led us for the conclusion about psychological prophylactics long-term consequences after late pregnancy termination.
Results. It was revealed general psychological mechanisms of womens experiencing of several consequential steps of process of pregnancy termination: primary diagnosis, process of decision- making, during the feticide procedure, delivery and postpartum period. Tasks of psychological support formulated; types of reasons for termination decision were described, influence of psychological status of fetus for character of experience. The analysis of foreign issues was made and the result was description of faraway traumatic consequences of late pregnancy termination for woman and her family.
Conclusions. Late pregnancy termination is traumatic choice for woman and her family and it has medical, psychological, ethical and legal context. Psychological maintenance can optimize patients contact with medical stuff in period she stays in maternity hospital. Psychologically conceived experience ensure constructive attitude to the future pregnancy and its positive conditions.


Reserves of fossil energy sources are starting to run low, so the government has launched renewable energy sources. The National Energy Policy (KEN) targets Indonesia by 2025 to use renewable energy sources of 23% of its energy needs. Because of this, the government has started opening places that have the potential for generating renewable energy, especially the areas where PLN electricity cannot reach, withincluding the southern coastal area of Kebumen.. The wind potential in this coastal area of Java Island meets the criteria for a Wind Power Plant. The purpose of this research was to analyze the wind potential  in the southern coastal area of Kebumen. The specific purpose of this study was to determine the wind speed and the location and calculate the power generated by the wind in the southern coastal area of Kebumen to determine the potential of PLTB in Kebumen area. The stages of this research consisted of retrieval of secondary data, analysis using Excel, and power analysis using HOMER. Based on wind speed data from NASA, the southern coastal area of Kebumen is suitable for making PLTB, especially Buayan and Ayah, because the wind speed between 2016-2020 is 2.15 m/s. Then, the power produced annually in these places, based on the HOMER application, was 86.50 kWh/year.


ES-20 ~ was isolated from male mouse kidney and purified 350-fold by ion-exchange chromatography, isoelectric focusing, and gel filtration. The resultant product was apparently homogeneous by the criteria of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunodiffusion and represented a major fraction of male mouse kidney esterase. Sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis revealed the presence of a single subunit band, molecular weight 59,500; the molecular weight o f the native protein was found to be 179,000. Titration of the active site yielded an equivalent weight o f about 175,000. The enzyme was further characterized by its kinetic parameters for the hydrolysis of a series of 4-nitrophenyl esters and was classified as a carboxylesterase (EC 18.104.22.168). ES-20C 1 bound to concanavalin A, indicating that it was a high-mannose-type glycoprotein; the role of terminal 13N-acetylglucosamine residues in the carbohydrate side chains for stabilization of the quaternary structure of the trimer was revealed. Extensive biochemical and immunological similarities to ES-9C supported an earlier suggestion that the E s 9 c gene product is a component o f the ES-20C trimer.


|The deep (cid:13)ux weakening (FW) switching point of the interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) is difficult to track accurately. After entering the deep FW region, the current regulator is easily saturated, and the current following capability is poor. Aiming at these problems, a deep FW control of the IPMSM based on the d -axis current error integral regulator (DCEIR) is proposed. Firstly, the deep FW switching point is accurately calculated by using the maximum torque per volt (MPTV) as the limit of the d -axis current. Secondly, through the study of the voltage deviation, it is found that the q -axis regulating current is related to the DCEIR. On this basis, a new transformation relationship between d -axis current and q -axis current in the deep FW region is obtained. Finally, the simulation and experiment results are compared with the conventional negative d -axis current compensation method (NDCCM). It is veri(cid:12)ed that the proposed method can successfully restrain the saturation of the current regulator and enhance the current following capability in the deep FW region.


The emergence of the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) brings a huge impact on current medical system in the detection and prevention of medical diseases, as well as the sharing and analysis of medical data. To efficiently collect medical data for disease prevention, the mobile crowdsensing (MCS) is employed. However, the exposure of sensitive information about users and crowdsensing tasks might cause serious privacy leakage in MCS. To solve this problem, in this paper, a Privacy-enhanced Mobile Crowdsensing strategy utilizing Blockchain technology, named PMCB, is proposed. Specifically, we propose to classify the users by spectral clustering based on the social network generated by the social attributes of users. In this way, both crowdsensing tasks and participating users are classified such that task receivers are restricted to receive specific crowdsensing tasks. Furthermore, the blockchain is used to store crowdsensing tasks and smart contract is used for access control. Experiment results show that PMCB can achieve efficient privacy protection in mobile crowdsensing with high system throughput and low transaction latency.


ABSTRACT Archivists ensure preservation of and access to permanently valuable records in the course of their everyday work. We present results from a spring 2014 survey that sought to gather data on the work archivists do, competencies required for this work, and archivists' recommendations for graduate curricula in archival studies. Our research questions sought to measure or describe a) the nature of everyday archival work, b) the frequency of specific interactive and materials-based tasks, c) the greatest challenges of the archivist's work, and d) recommendations for further emphasis in graduate archival education. We targeted the survey strategically to professional archivists as well as to graduates of a master's program in information studies and obtained 490 responses. Much of the communication that archivists must do is "enterprise archiving," which centers around advocating for the value of well-managed archives. Recognizing prior efforts to raise awareness of professional demographics and skills...


Purpose: This study was to ascertain whether there are differences in health care utilization and expenditure for Type I Medical Aid Beneficiaries before and after applying Copayment. Methods: This study was one-group pretest posttest design study using secondary data analysis. Data for pretest group were collected from claims data of the Korea National Health Insurance Corporation and data for posttest group were collected through door to-door interviews using a structured questionnaire. A total of 1,364 subjects were sampled systematically from medical aid beneficiaries who had applied for copayment during the period from December 12, 2007 to September 25, 2008. Results: There was no negative effect of copayment on accessibility to medical services, medication adherence (p=.94), and quality of life (p=.25). Some of the subjects' health behaviors even increased preferably after applying for copayment including flu prevention (p<.001), health care examination (p=.035), and cancer screening (p=.002). However, significant suppressive effects of copayment were found on outpatient hospital visiting days (p<.001) and outpatient medical expenditure (p<.001). Conclusion: Copayment does not seem to be a great influencing factor on beneficiaries'accessibility to medical services and their health behavior even though it has suppressive effects on outpatients' use of health care.


Objective: To detect gene mutation in a patient with hereditary spherocytosis( HS). Methods: The erythrocyte membrane protein were analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis( SDS- PAGE). PCR was performed to amplify each exon of SLC4A1,ANK1,SPTA1,SPTB,EPB42 genes and the adjacent intron. The PCR products were screened by direct sequencing. Results: SDS- PAGE results did not shown prominent changes in membrane protein levels. Two SNPs,c. 329C T and c. 720G A,were detected in EPB42 gene. Three SNPs,c. 2295C G,c. 2997G C and c. 4185C T,were detected in ANK1 gene. None mutation was found in SPTB,SPTA1 and SLC4A1 gene. Conclusion: EPB42 gene changes,c. 329C T,and ANK1 gene changes, c. 2997G C,may be related to HS.


Trend in the method of providing community water supply scheme is changing with time due to various reasons. Depending upon the availability of safe source, schemes from hand pump to multi-village schemes are chosen. Most preferred option among the consumers is to have a multi-village water supply scheme from a perennial river source. Lot of such schemes are in operation and maintenance in the state of TamilNadu, which is generally a water-starved state. Reliability, cost, and sustainability of such schemes mainly depend on the design norms being adopted during project planning. Due to recent origin of the concept, no standard guidelines are available. A critical evaluation of the design guidelines has been done and suggestions made.


Invertebrates (n = 34 813), collected from nine areas in the Northwest Atlantic, were either dissected or enzymatically digested to determine if the animals harboured helminth infections. Six species of endoparasites were found. Mysids were host to the larval nematodes Pseudoterranova decipiens (sealworm), Hysterothylacium aduncum, and Paracuaria adunca, which are found as adults in seals, fish, and birds, respectively, and to the digenean fish parasite Hemiurus levinseni (first record in mysids). Larval Paracuaria adunca and Tetrameres sp., both nematode parasites of birds, and Ascarophis sp., a parasite of fish, were found in amphipods. Some Ascarophis sp. and H. levinsenirecovered from the crustaceans exhibited precocious sexual development. Natural infection rates of helminths in invertebrates are low. Mysids appear to be more important hosts than amphipods for transmission of sealworm to fish.


Fuzzy neural networks (FNN) have been successfully applied to classification problems. In this study, we design a FNN-based chip to achieve the face recognition of mobile-robots. The underlying notion of the proposed FNN is to split the generation of fuzzy rules into linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and Gaussian mixture model (GMM). In LDA, the weights are updated by seeking directions that are efficient for discrimination. In GMM, the parameter learning adopts the gradient descent method to reduce the cost function. The major contribution of this paper is to propose the hardware architecture of FNN chip. Furthermore, it has been fabricated in UMC 90nm technology. Since LDA-derived fuzzy rules increase the discriminative capability among different classes, the proposed FNN chip can classify highly confusable patterns.


High-speed trains (HSTs) positioning is a critical technology that affects the safety and operational efficiency of trains. The unique operating environment of HSTs, coupled with the limitations of real data collection, poses challenges in obtaining large-scale and diverse positioning data. To tackle this problem, we introduce a comprehensive method for generating virtual position data for HSTs. Utilizing virtual simulation technology and expert expertise, this method constructs a HST operating simulation environment on the Unity 3D platform, effectively simulating a range of operating scenarios and complex scenes. Positioning data is collected using virtual sensors, while error characteristics are incorporated to emulate real data collection behavior. The contribution of this paper lies in providing abundant, reliable, controllable and diverse positioning data for HSTs, thereby offering novel insights and data support for the evaluation and optimization of positioning algorithms. This method is not only applicable to various routes and scenarios, but also delivers fresh perspectives on data generation for research in other domains, boasting a broad scope of application.


Gas turbine blades have numerous applications in the aerospace industry. In this study, the stresses and deformations of a turbine were studied. The goal was to highlight the stress and deformation distribution to assist in the design of a blades. The stresses and deformations developed as a result of the blade operating conditions at high rotational speeds and thermal gradients were evaluated using two types of heat transfer modes-conduction and convection, taking into consideration the material behavior at elevated temperatures. The greatest stresses in the blades result from the thermal load caused by conduction, and they are located between the blades and disc. In addition an analytical method was used to evaluated and predict the stresses along the blades it gave a good estimate of the stress values compared to the finite element. It is important to design for as high temperatures gas as possible in order to attain a high thermal efficiency in gas turbines. In the case of power generating gas turbines, the increase of temperature leads to lower fuel consumption, reduced pollution and thus lower costs.


By using a PVC (polyvinyl chloride) sheet with micro-embossed lines, it was attempted to imitate the complicated gloss of wood figure which is generated from the three dimensional grain inclination. The results of the measurements of light reflection showed that the micro-embossed surface had extreme anisotropy of light reflection. This suggests that the change of direction of the embossed lines can be used for imitating the anisotropy of gloss figures of wood.As the examples of application of the micro-embossed lines, the glosses of wavy figure of Japanese horse chestnut and bird's eye figures of maple were imitated. The former was well imitated by using the micro-embossed lines of combined sine curves of different wave lengths. The latter was also skillfully imitated by using embossed lines with three different directions which were determined by three photos of a wood sample taken from three different directions of lighting.


A study was made of axisymmetric, laminar and turbulent flow in a motored reciprocating engine with flow through a cylinder head port. Measurements were obtained by laser-Doppler anemometry and predictions for the laminar case were generated by finite-difference means. Agreement between calculated and measured results is good for the main features of the flow field, but significant small scale differences exist, due partly to uncertainties in the inlet velocity distribution. The measurements show, for example, that the mean velocity field is influenced more strongly by the engine geometry than by the speed.In general, the results confirm that the calculation method can be used to represent the flow characteristics of motored reciprocating engines without compression and suggest that extensions to include compression and combustion are within reach.


Little is known about the impact of dementia on sexuality. The attendant cognitive changes that occur in the Alzheimer's patient present the caregiver with many, often conflicting, challenges to a couple's sexual functioning. This case study highlights these issues by describing a man who reported an erectile dysfunction directly stemming from stressful changes that had occurred in his relationship to his wife who had Alzheimer's disease. General themes and relevant hypotheses are derived and clinical practice implications are explored.


Recent years have seen considerable success in the generation of automatically obtained wide-coverage deep grammars for natural language processing, given reliable and large CFG-like treebanks. For research within Lexical Functional Grammar framework, these deep grammars are typically based on an extended PCFG parsing scheme from which dependencies are extracted. However, increasing success in statistical dependency parsing suggests that such deep grammar approaches to statistical parsing could be streamlined. We explore this novel approach to deep grammar parsing within the framework of LFG in this paper, for French, showing that best results (an f-score of 69.46) for the established integrated architecture may be obtained for French.


The free energies, entropies and enthalpies associated with the salting-out of alkanols (mainly butanol) by eight inorganic electrolytes have been determined at 20°C. The results are discussed in terms of the scaled particle theory (in the case of 1 : 1 electrolytes) and the thermodynamic theory of McDevit and Long. It is concluded that alternative approaches to the treatment of salting-out would be desirable. A simple, semi-empirical method for the calculation of salting coefficients is proposed. It is based on the effect which the electrolyte has on the surface tension of the solvent (water) and is found to be relatively successful for many systems.


DOES THE O L D TESTAMENT HAVE A CENTER, an overarching theme or concept that binds together its diverse voices? Walther Eichrodt (1961) proposed "covenant" as such a central concept. Other candidates have been proposed: "elusive presence" (Terrien), the "name of God" (Zimmerli), or "election/obligation" (Preuss) among others. More recently, two German Old Testament scholars have offered "divine indwelling/Shekinah" ( Janowski) and "God's steadfast love" (Spieckermann) as possible unifying centers of Old Testament theology. Gerstenberger says "no" to all such attempts to find a central theme or concept.


Background: Neonatal cholestasis is defined as prolonged elevation of serum levels of conjugated bilirubin beyond the first 14 days of life. Cholestasis in a newborn can be due to infectious, genetic, metabolic, or undefined abnormalities giving rise to mechanical obstruction of bile flow or to functional impairment of hepatic excretory function and bile secretion. Early detection and timely accurate diagnosis are important for successful treatment and a favorable prognosis. Objective: The present study has been designed to determine the etiology of cholestatic jaundice in infants along with their clinical profile. Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted from August 2010 through January 2011 in the Paediatric Gastroenterology & Nutrition Department, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka. For the study purpose 40 consecutive cases of cholestatic jaundice were included who fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Result: Biliary atresia was the commonest (42.5%) cause of cholestatic jaundice followed by neonatal hepatitis/ idiopathic neonatal hepatitis. Other causes of cholestatic of the infants were term and of normal birth weight in cases of biliary atresia (BA) but in NH/INH group significant number of infants were preterm and of low birth weight. Mean age at onset of jaundice was 10.1 ± 4.18 days, and mean age at presentation was 113.7 ±15.38 days. In cases of BA Jaundice, intermittent / persistent pale stool, dark urine was found in all cases and hepatomegaly and splenomegaly were found in 88.2% and 64.8% of cases respectively. Ultrasonographically in most of the cases of BA gallbladder was found either small in size or absent or bile ducts were not visualized. In cases of NH/INH visualization of normal gallbladder while fasting and contraction was observed after meal. Histologically typical features BA were found in 12 out of 17 cases of BA and features of early biliary cirrhosis in 4 infants and 10 patients showed features of INH. Conclusion: Biliary atresia was found to be the commonest cause of neonatal cholestasis in the present study. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbcps.v32i1.21029 J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2014; 32: 9-15


Hüseyin Timur Tomb was analytically investigated on engineering perspective. Hüseyin Timur Tomb is one of the important monument of Turkish architecture. It is also located within the Unesco cultural heritage. The most stressed elements are the bottom walls at the ground level with a maximum value of compressive stress of about 6.1 MPa. Also, displacement resultant distribution suggests that the maximum displacement of around 13 mm will occur at top of dome. The goal of this study is to take attention for special historical tomb in Ahlat that is open air museum. Evaluation of these structures was important for cultural heritage and transferring them to future. It is very important to protect them by taking measures from structural aspect. The paper also included seismicity of the region and properties of Ahlat stone. Due to results it can be said that tomb has a high vulnerability.


Accurate performance and reliability evaluation of utility-scale photovoltaic (PV) systems requires accountability of solar gain contributions. A novel solar gain utility-scale inverter model has been developed to characterize inverter efficiency with respect to solar resource, general ambient conditions and thermal system losses. A sensitivity analysis was performed to evaluate the robustness of the model based on four assumed material properties. This analysis revealed 22.9% modeled internal inverter temperature sensitivity to surface absorptivity, with significantly less sensitivity to other parameters studied, indicating the impact of proper surface coating material selection on solar thermal absorption. This analysis was applied to a large utility-scale PV plant, assessing performance data from twelve 500kW inverters, and environmental data from twelve respective meteorological test stations. An RMSE value of 6.1% was found between the model and measured inner inverter temperatures. The results also suggest a negative 3.6×10-4 [W/m2]-1 normalized inverter efficiency correspondence with solar gain heat adsorption across the twelve inverters for a one-day, clear-sky time period.


The market of organic products in Europe is generally expanding. The organic food production has been strictly regulated in the European Union. Particular competence requirements need to be developed not only to achieve economic production while ensuring compliance with the regulations, but also new knowledge, skills and competences are required for the organic food retailers in the field of certification, accreditation regulations, licensing, etc. The highly successful LDV project "EcoQualify II Dissemination and implementation of a quality assurance system for further education in organic retail trade in Europe" has anticipated this development in 2007 and created a comprehensive EUROPEAN QUALITY ASSURANCE SYSTEM for the further education in organic foods trade. EcoQualify III plans to transfer this successful project into four states that have not benefitted from the original project. Major role in the project, as the "transfer of innovation" term suggests, has the applied in EcoQualify III informatic tools, which are described in this paper.


"Few books on Canadian art provide an in-depth look at more than one art form from a variety of practical critical perspectives. Sights of Resistance offers both breadth and depth in an innovative but accessible introduction to Canadian visual culture" -- dust jacket.


Materials flow management in supply chain applications is a remarkable key as it contributes to the effectiveness and the success in some organisation profile. A dynamic architecture data acquisition network has been proposed as a modern technique during configuration setup without supplier's or vendor's configuration software so that the process of monitoring, integration and communication could be done in real time with the employment of Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology. The RFID technology was said to be capable of handling items problems including damage or loss, misplaced from inventory level, shortage during production, error communication and design changes. A new passive RFID Gen 2 with integrated Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) and ZigBee 2.4 GHz technology has also been introduced to enhance system connectivity and compatibilities. The RFID technology in materials flow management was reviewed in order to explore the possibilities of system implementation especially in the supply chain environment.


The products, resulting from addition under mild conditions of the gaseous molecules CO, O2, H2, and HCl, to some rhodium(I)–bis(ditertiaryphosphine) complexes, are described; the phosphines used were Ph2P(CH2)nPPh2, n = 1–4, and (+)-diop (diop = 2,3-O-isopropylidene 2,3-dihydroxy-1,4-bis(diphenylphosphino)butane). Monocarbonyls were isolated from addition of CO to complexes (n = 1 and 3), the reactions being reversible; there was no reaction with the n = 2 system, while the n = 4 and diop systems absorbed > 1 mol of CO per Rh to give mixtures of products. The same cation precursors add O2 to yield cis- adducts (n = 1–3), the binding being reversible for the n = 2 system; pure products were not isolated with the n = 4 cation which absorbs 3 molO2/Rh; the diop system was unreactive toward O2. Reversible additions of 1 mol H2 yield isolable cis- complexes with the n = 3 and diop systems; the n = 1 and 2 cations are unreactive toward H2, while a mixture of hydrides is formed from the n = 4species. The chloro...


[1] A one-dimensional canopy model was used to quantify the impact of photochemistry in modifying biosphere-atmosphere exchange of trace gases. Canopy escape efficiencies, defined as the fraction of emission that escapes into the well-mixed boundary layer, were calculated for reactive terpene species. The modeled processes of emission, photochemistry, diffusive transport, and deposition were highly constrained based on intensive observations collected in a Loblolly Pine plantation at Duke Forest, North Carolina, during the CELTIC field study. Canopy top fluxes for isoprene and α,β-pinene were not significantly altered by photochemistry as calculated escape efficiencies were greater than 0.90 for both species. β-caryophyllene emission and photochemistry were added to the canopy model as a surrogate for the reactive sesquiterpene class of species. β-caryopyllene escape efficiencies of 0.30 were calculated for midday summertime conditions. Urbanization scenarios were also performed to assess the impact of pollution on modifying biosphere-atmosphere exchange. Modest changes in escape efficiencies were calculated for a wide range of anthropogenic hydrocarbon and NOx mixing ratios suggesting a simple parameterization of escape efficiency in terms of grid cell NOx may be possible for incorporating the impact of canopy scale photochemistry within biogenic emission processing systems for regional air quality and climate models. The inferred magnitude of sesquiterpene ozonolysis reactions has important implications on both daytime and nighttime radical formation in the canopy.


Si–Si and Si–H bonds in small hydrogenated Si particles are known to readily dissociate upon photoexcitation, which hinders various optical applications of Si particles. The authors show that the Si core could be stabilized in the presence of double-bonded oxygen (SiO) on the surface, based on excited-state calculations of a series of oxidized Si particles from Si5H10O to Si199H138O using the density-functional tight-binding method. The authors revealed that the stabilization effect is due to localization of excited-state relaxation mainly in the SiO region, which becomes significant when the particle size decreases. The possibility of fabricating stable Si nanoparticles by introducing a small amount of oxygen on the surface and the stabilization effect have important implications in device fabrications.


INTRODUCTION Hydrocarbon discoveries announced between 2015 and 2018 that are associated with stratigraphic traps in the Nanushuk Formation on the North Slope of Alaska have spurred renewed interest in exploration of the Colville basin. These discoveries form two roughly parallel fairways: a western trend that includes the Willow and West Willow oil accumulations and an eastern trend comprising the Pikka, Narwhal, and Horseshoe oil accumulations (fig. 1). Recoverable resources are estimated to be more than 300 million barrels at Willow and West Willow, and 500 to 1200 million barrels at Pikka, Narwhal, and Horseshoe (Houseknecht, 2019).


Evolutionary changes in Western thought and political participation during the last half-century have led to a reevaluation of the role of the individual, the state, and other institutions in modern democracies. A hybrid philosophy has developed out of this reconsideration of socio-political theories that reasserts the democratic participation of individuals in all spheres of life which affect them.


[Objective] The research aimed to compare the nutritional components and amino acid content in the muscles of Acrossocheilus fasciatus and Acrossocheilus labiatus.[Method] The nutritional components in the muscles of A.fasciatus and A.labiatus were determined and the nutritional values of two fish varieties were discussed.[Result] The content of crude protein in A.fasciatus was 19.4%,higher than that of A.labiatus(18.9%).The content of crude fat in A.fasciatus was 1.05%,lower than that in other fishes.Therefore,A.fasciatus had a good edibility.The total amount of amino acids in A.fasciatus reached 13.19%,higher than that of A.labiatus(13.04%).The amount of essential amino acids in A.fasciatus was 5.31% and the proportion of essential amino acids in total amount of amino acids was 40.27%,which were both higher than that of A.labiatus.The content of four kinds of flavor amino acids that was related to the flavour of fish in A.fasciatus was 5.11%,higher than that in A.labiatus.[Conclusion] The research provided theoretical basis for the production of the compound feed and the artificial breeding of A.fasciatus and A.labiatus.


Hand gesture recognition system has gained potential importance in application areas of human-computer interaction, machine vision, etc. Vision-based hand gesture recognition involves visual analysis of hand shape, position and/or motion. Finite State Machine (FSM) and Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) are most prominent methods used for gesture recognition. In this paper, we use object-based key frame selection from video sequence for segmenting Video Object Plane (VOP). Each VOP is a meaningful hand position, where Hausdorff and Euclidean distance are used for shape similarity. The key VOPs are selected on the basis of hand shape changes significantly and subsequently. The core approach of proposed work is that the frames of gesture video sequence are used with FSM and non-linear time alignment methods with key frame selection facility and trajectory features. Experimental results show accuracy and effectiveness of proposed system, for one-handed American and two-handed British sign language gesture recognition.


This article introduced the development of pulsed neutron coal analyzer by pulse fast-thermal neutron analysis technology in the Radiation Technology Institute of Northeast Normal University. The 14MeV pulse neutron generator and bismuth germanate detector and 4096 multichannel analyzer were applied in this system. The multiple linear regression method employed to process data solved the interferential problem of multiple elements. The prototype (model MZ-MKFY) had been applied in Changshan and Jilin power plant for about a year. The results of measuring the main parameters of coal such as low caloric power, whole total water, ash content, volatile content, and sulfur content, with precision acceptable to the coal industry, are presented.


In this paper, we present extraordinary algebraic and geometrical structures for the Hunter–Saxton equation: infinitely many commuting and noncommuting x, t-independent higher order symmetries and conserved densities. Using a recursive relation, we explicitly generate infinitely many higher order conserved densities dependent on arbitrary parameters. We find three Nijenhuis recursion operators resulting from Hamiltonian pairs, of which two are new. They generate three hierarchies of commuting local symmetries. Finally, we give a local recursion operator depending on an arbitrary parameter. As a by-product, we classify all anti-symmetric operators of a definite form that are compatible with the Hamiltonian operator .


Purpose: Obtaining manual annotations to train deep learning (DL) models for auto-segmentation is often time-consuming. Uncertainty-based Bayesian active learning (BAL) is a widely-adopted method to reduce annotation efforts. Based on BAL, this study introduces a hybrid representation-enhanced sampling strategy that integrates density and diversity criteria to save manual annotation costs by efficiently selecting the most informative samples. Methods: The experiments are performed on two lower extremity (LE) datasets of MRI and CT images by a BAL framework based on Bayesian U-net. Our method selects uncertain samples with high density and diversity for manual revision, optimizing for maximal similarity to unlabeled instances and minimal similarity to existing training data. We assess the accuracy and efficiency using Dice and a proposed metric called reduced annotation cost (RAC), respectively. We further evaluate the impact of various acquisition rules on BAL performance and design an ablation study for effectiveness estimation. Results: The proposed method showed superiority or non-inferiority to other methods on both datasets across two acquisition rules, and quantitative results reveal the pros and cons of the acquisition rules. Our ablation study in volume-wise acquisition shows that the combination of density and diversity criteria outperforms solely using either of them in musculoskeletal segmentation. Conclusion: Our sampling method is proven efficient in reducing annotation costs in image segmentation tasks. The combination of the proposed method and our BAL framework provides a semi-automatic way for efficient annotation of medical image datasets.


Heat-Bath Algorithmic Cooling is a set of techniques for producing highly pure quantum systems by utilizing a surrounding heat-bath and unitary interactions. These techniques originally used the thermal environment only to fully thermalize ancillas at the environment temperature. Here we extend HBAC protocols by optimizing over the thermalization strategy. We find, for any d-dimensional system in an arbitrary initial state, provably optimal cooling protocols with surprisingly simple structure and exponential convergence to the ground state. Compared to the standard ones, these schemes can use fewer or no ancillas and exploit memory effects to enhance cooling. We verify that the optimal protocols are robusts to various deviations from the ideal scenario. For a single target qubit, the optimal protocol can be well approximated with a Jaynes-Cummings interaction between the system and a single thermal bosonic mode for a wide range of environmental temperatures. This admits an experimental implementation close to the setup of a micromaser, with a performance competitive with leading proposals in the literature. The proposed protocol provides an experimental setup that illustrates how non-Markovianity can be harnessed to improve cooling. On the technical side we 1. introduce a new class of states called maximallyactivestates and discuss their thermodynamic significance in terms of optimal unitary control, 2. introduce a new set of thermodynamic processes, called β-permutations, whose access is sufficient to simulate a generic thermalization process, 3. show how to use abstract toolbox developed within the resource theory approach to thermodynamics to perform challenging optimizations, while combining it with open quantum system dynamics tools to approximate optimal solutions within physically realistic setups.


Twitch chats pose a unique problem in natural language understanding due to a large presence of neologisms, specifically emotes. There are a total of 8.06 million emotes, over 400k of which were used in the week studied. There is virtually no information on the meaning or sentiment of emotes, and with a constant influx of new emotes and drift in their frequencies, it becomes impossible to maintain an updated manually-labeled dataset. Our paper makes a two fold contribution. First we establish a new baseline for sentiment analysis on Twitch data, outperforming the previous supervised benchmark by 7.9% points. Secondly, we introduce a simple but powerful unsupervised framework based on word embeddings and k-NN to enrich existing models with out-of-vocabulary knowledge. This framework allows us to auto-generate a pseudo-dictionary of emotes and we show that we can nearly match the supervised benchmark above even when injecting such emote knowledge into sentiment classifiers trained on extraneous datasets such as movie reviews or Twitter.


Fuel cells convert fuel gas and air electrochemically into power. The natural propensity of fuel gas at the anode side to react with air at the cathode side forces either the fuel gas or oxygen to ionize. The migration of the formed ions through the electrolyte induces an electric current, producing power. A bipolar plate segregates the reactant gases and provides an electrical connection between adjacent cells. The overall electrical efficiency of a fuel cell is 45--70% (LHV, or low heating value). The cogeneration efficiency, which also credits the additional steam and hot water produced, is 70--90% (LHV). These efficiencies are the highest of all available power-generation technologies. Most importantly, fuel cells can achieve these high efficiencies even at plant capacities as small as a few hundred kilowatts. Fuel cells are essentially pollution-free because they do not involve combustion. There are no waste-water discharges from fuel cell plants. These attributes make fuel cells ideal candidates for a new trend in power generation called distributed power generation. With distributed generation, many small scale factories, hospitals, shopping malls, hotels, airports, gas and water-pumping stations, office buildings, and other power consumers can produce their own electricity. The paper describes the three major typesmore » of fuel cells, their benefits, and their estimated cost to the chemical processing industry.« less


occurs in every group and moves through time and space in the group. This focus therapists can pick up and trace around the group; it is the area of greatest (authentic) activity in the group and a point in the group where there is the greatest expenditure of energy into movement. It is contingent on a concept that the group has available to it expendable energy, behaving as if it were a living organism or creature. Harold Behr went on to suggest that the group has certain properties of life, namely:


Lactococcus garvieae is a well‐known fish pathogen that has low virulence in humans and is rarely isolated from the blood cultures of endocarditis patients. We describe herein the first reported case of transfusion‐transmitted L. garvieae sepsis caused by a contaminated platelet concentrate from a donor who consumed raw octopus before blood donation. Retrospective examination of the laboratory results of the index donor revealed that his haemoglobin levels had been steadily decreasing, which led to the detection of a latent colon cancer. The donors with colon lesions involving a latent cancer may relate an asymptomatic bacteremia.


With the rapid development of information communication technology, the available information or knowledge is exponentially increased, and this causes the well-known information overload phenomenon. This problem is more serious in product design corporations because over half of the valuable design time is consumed in knowledge acquisition, which highly extends the design cycle and weakens the competitiveness. Therefore, the recommender systems become very important in the domain of product domain. This research presents a probability-based hybrid user model, which is a combination of collaborative filtering and content-based filtering. This hybrid model utilizes user ratings and item topics or classes, which are available in the domain of product design, to predict the knowledge requirement. The comprehensive analysis of the experimental results shows that the proposed method gains better performance in most of the parameter settings. This work contributes a probability-based method to the community for implement recommender system when only user ratings and item topics are available.


Aim
This study aims to assess the prevalence of bifid mandibular canals in a UK population using cone beam computed tomography.

Materials and Methods
This is a prevalence study of 140 patients (280 sides) referred to a dental hospital in the UK for extraction of a third molar. Canals were classified from cone beam computed tomography images using a novel classification.

Results
At least one bifid canal was seen in 30.00% (n = 42/140) of patients (95% CI: 26.13–33.87%) and in 18.93% (n = 53/280) of sides (95% CI: 16.59–21.27%). The retromolar canal was the most common variant observed.

Conclusions
The bifid mandibular canal appears to be a common anatomical variant, of which clinicians should be aware. These variants are relevant to surgery in the retromolar region, dental extraction and implant placement, where damage has the potential to cause bleeding and sensory disturbance.


Behavioral toxicology is now established as a component of the environmental health sciences. Its rise paralleled recognition that the adverse health impact of environmental chemicals should be gauged by how people feel and function, not solely by death or overt damage. Its compass extends across the total spectrum of environmental chemicals, including heavy metals, solvents, fuels, pesticides, air pollutants, and even food additives. Psychology can help resolve many critical issues in environmental health science. Odious waterways and corrosive smog are such tangible evidence of pollution that they evoke tangible remedies. But eliminating blatant pollution is no more than a first step in managing the environment and protecting human health. Some of the most toxic contaminants are also the most elusive. How can we assess the impact of chemicals that, in passing through the environment, may be transformed into other substances, may be dispersed by atmospheric processes, may enter the food chain in unpredictable guises, or may trigger biological reactions whose consequences remain dormant for decades? To multiply this ambiguity, how do we evaluate toxic processes expressed other than as overt disease or death? Especially, how do we detect an insidious degradation of function, especially if it unfolds gradually over years of toxic exposure or after a latency of half a lifetime? The nascent discipline of behavioral toxicology arose as one response to such questions. Behavioral measures were seen to fulfill unique roles. One derives from the realization that many substances act primarily on the nervous system. They include heavy metals such as mercury, lead, and manganese; organic solvents such as carbon disulfide and toluene; pesticides such as the organophosphates; air pollutants such as carbon monoxide. A second reason is more subtle; it derives from the observation that many poisonings, before they bloom into overt clinical signs, may be heralded by vague, subjective, nonspecific psychological complaints. Finally, there are substances whose actions, although not mediated directly through nervous system mechanisms, produce distinct behavioral reactions. For example, the main oxidant in photochemical smog, ozone, is a deep lung irritant eliciting subjective discomfort. This unique role for psychology grows out of a new perspective by the environmental health sciences, particularly environmental toxicology, and by public health leaders. Toxicology, the science of poisons, used to be a discipline ruled by the clear criteria of death and tissue pathology. The new issues that emerged from our delayed recognition of environmental hazards, however, stimulated new questions about adverse effects on health. Were death or tissue lesions the only feasible end points? What about disturbances of function? Isn't it important to discover how people feel and perform or to intervene when "behavioral changes dangerous to a patient and others can occur before the individual realizes that he or she is poisoned" (Michael, 1982)? Once we were alerted to these questions about function, it was a natural step to turn to the discipline whose business it had been for over a century to provide scientific answers to questions of this type. Behavioral toxicology is so young that its formal debut in the United States did not occur until June 1972, shortly after the winter snows had melted in Rochester (Weiss & Laties, 1975). Like many new disciplines, it coalesced from fragments of old ones: toxicology and its emphasis on pathology, behavioral pharmacology and its parallel inquiries about drug effects, industrial hygiene and its recognition of functional indexes as the basis for many standards of allowable exposure to workplace chemicals. It is also indebted to I. P. Pavlov, because his stature in Soviet science helped to elevate CNS function to a sovereign place in USSR hazard assessment (Glass, 1975). Behavior also was seen to have special virtues as a criterion of adverse effects. First, it is a nondestructive assay: Its subjects' livers need not be fed into a blender to quantify damage. Also, it is an assay system (Weiss, 1978b) reflecting an Organism's total functional capacity, not simply one component of it. Such attractive attributes come at a price, however. 1174 November 1983 • American Psychologist Copyright 1983 by the American Psychological Association, Inc. Behavior's global nature also may allow compensatory mechanisms to thwart the early detection of an irreversible pathological process. Behavioral assays are expensive, especially when compared, for example, to in vitro tests of mutagenesis. Behavioral methods also offer a bewildering spectrum of choice, which is an advantage in pursuing a science of behavior, but an aggravating source of indecision for a chemical manufacturer or regulatory agency forced to define hazard. Perhaps most troublesome of all, how are functional measures to be evaluated? What actions are implied by a finding that the current workplace exposure standard for a volatile organic solvent lengthens reaction time by 10%? Or by a report that prenatal treatment with high doses of a common pesticide elevates locomotor activity in two-month-old rats? These are not idle questions or academic exercises; standards and regulations may be built on them. The Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) of 1976 specifies behavior as one of the criteria for judging the safety of new chemicals. Unease about the impairment of psychological development by lead helped to diminish its role as a fuel additive. The carbon monoxide standard prescribed by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is based partly on behavioral data. These issues and questions become clearer in the context of specific substances. I've chosen, from many possibilities, a set of agents meant to illustrate the diversity of settings, issues, and contaminants that entail psychological questions. I will begin by discussing metals, because they are the most ancient pollutants released by human activities. Metallic mercury demonstrates the importance of quantitative measures of motor function in assessing subclinical impairment, as well as the lack of sound psychophysiological data about the total syndrome of mercury poisoning. Methylmercury, a highly toxic organic compound of mercury, illustrates the discipline and problems of behavioral teratology, that is, the consequences of prenatal toxic exposures. Another metal, lead, shows how difficult it still is, even after an immense outpouring of research, to disentangle toxic behavioral consequences from other environmental variables and to relate them to appropriate biological measures of exposure. Organic solvents illustrate even more graphically the issue of Parts of this article are based on invited addresses presented during the past 10 years to the American, Eastern, and Midwestern Psychological Associations. Its preparation was supported in part by Grants ES-26676, ES-01247, and ES-01248 from NIEHS; MH11752 from NIMH; and in part by Contract No. DE-ACO276EVO3490 with the U.S. Department of Energy at the University of Rochester Department of Radiation Biology and Biophysics, which has been assigned Report No. UR-3490-2218. Requests for reprints should be sent to Bernard Weiss, Division of Toxicology and Environmental Health Sciences Center, Department of Radiation Biology and Biophysics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York 14642. quantifying nonspecific neuropsychological features of toxicity, especially early in the course of poisoning when many of them are likely to be subjective. They also demonstrate how psychological approaches such as psychophysics could help detect and trace subtle sensory impairment. A discussion of pesticides shows how monitoring adverse effects by psychological measures may yield more information than monitoring them by blood chemistry. Air pollutants are used to exemplify a class of contaminants whose effects may not lie directly within the nervous system; in some instances, these effects are best revealed by behavioral methods. Finally, in a discussion of food additives," I try to show how the neglect of behavior in safety testing has provided misleading estimates of safety margins.


The benefits and challenges for college students involved in social fraternities and sororities have long been sources of heated discussion among higher education constituents. A liberal education is meant to incorporate elements of critical thinking, diverse experiences, and challenging and enriching interactions with peers and educators. Past research indicates that involvement in a fraternity or sorority has had some positive effect in these areas, especially as students persist at their chosen institutions. This study uses data from the National Survey of Student Engagement (NSSE) to explore indicators of student learning among senior members of social fraternities and sororities. Regression analyses controlling for conditional variables indicated that students in these groups report higher involvement in critical developmental practices and larger gains in important educational areas than their unaffiliated counterparts. Limitations and implications of the study are discussed.


As non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs(NSAIDs)be used widely in clinic,its gastrointestinal mucoca damage has received more attention.Among the proton pump inhibitor drugs preventing injury of gastrointestinal mucosa related with NSAIDs.Esomeprazole as the first global single heterogeneous proton pump inhibitor,with relatively unique metabolic pathway,have more durable and efficient effect of acid suppression,more stable in the dynamics,smaller individual differences,and lower adverse reaction than other proton pump inhibitor drugs.


The wetting behavior of Ni-Fe-Cr-(14-29)Ti (mass fraction, %) alloys on Si_3N_4 was studied by the sessile drop method. The results show that on the condition heating at 1493 K for 10 min in vacuum, the alloy's wettability on Si_3N_4 is improved by increasing the Ti content. When the Ti content is high up to 24%-29 %, the corresponding wetting angle reaches 27.3°. The element Cr accumulated at the interface of Ni-Fe-Cr-(24-29)Ti alloy/Si_3N_4 and a complex quarternary compound of Cr-Ni-Fe-Si formed. The reasons of the improvement of wettability by Ti addition were analysed. The activities of the elements Ti and Cr can be increased by replacing Ni with Co in the Ni-Fe-Cr-Ti alloys. The composition change resulted in different transition structures composed of layered interfacial reaction products, which have remarkable effects on the wettability and the interfacial bonding. After the composition adjustment, the wetting angle of the Co-Ni-Fe-Cr- (14-20) Ti alloy on the Si_3N_4 reached 20.0°, and the strong bonding between the Si_3N_4 and the brazing filler was obtained.


A new strategy for the synthesis of a well-defined redox active polymer, a polyacrylate bearing TEMPO, and its grafting onto a gold substrate is described. It consists of polymerizing an acrylate bearing an alkoxyamine by RAFT, followed by aminolysis of the trithiocarbonate chain-end into a thiol that is exploited for the polymer grafting onto the gold sensor. Thermal activation of the alkoxyamine under air provides the redox polymer with a high yield. Its electroactivity is evaluated by a electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM).


The purpose of this study is to propose the principle of rural village planning process based on rural resources, differently space planning process(regional planning, village planning, urban planning etc). The importance of this planning process is resources planning, facility planning, program pla...


This paper considers 3-dimensional cross-track control for a class of underactuated autonomous vehicles. A control strategy is presented that guarantees global k-exponential stability of the cross-track error to straight line trajectories in three dimensional space. The results are based on a Line-of-Sight guidance algorithm and stability results are proven using nonlinear cascaded systems theory. Globally k-exponentially stabilizing controllers are synthesized using the technique of sliding mode with eigenvalue decomposition, and the performance of the proposed control strategyis evaluated bya case studywith an AUV.


ABSTRACT A 717-bp 5′-flanking regulatory sequence of the metallothionein gene in Crassostrea hongkongensis (ChMT) was isolated using anchored polymerase chain reaction. Several regulatory elements embedded in the flanking sequence, including the central promoter region, five putative metal-responsive elements (MRE), and an octamer-binding site (OBS), were analyzed using online prediction software. Then, the effects of element-based promoter truncations in the upstream regulatory region of ChMT on the metal stress response were examined. The expression levels of the promoters of various lengths were determined individually using a luciferase reporter gene in HEK293T cells. Transfection assays revealed that MRE1- and MRE5-containing DNA fragments inhibited transcription, whereas MRE4-containing DNA sequences activated promoter expression under both metal-stressed and unstressed conditions. A 39-bp DNA fragment containing the OBS was shown to respond positively to metal stress induced by cadmium and copper, but not to mercury. MRE2- and MRE3-containing DNA fragments comprised a portion of the central promoter region, the loss of which resulted in a significant reduction in promoter activity. Interestingly, the loss of promoter activity due to MRE3 deletion could be rescued by copper-induced stress. This study demonstrates the importance of MRE and additional regulatory elements in the regulation of ChMT promoter expression in response to metal stress.


In order to investigate the heavy metal pollution conditions of soil of smelting area in Zijiang of Chenzhou, Hunan province, 42 samples were studied. The concentrations of heavy metals As, Pb, Cd, Zn and Cu in the soil were determined by using atomic absorption spectrometry(AAS) and atomic fluorescence spectrometry(AFS). Then the potential pollution risks of heavy metal in the soil were evaluated by method of geological acumination index (Igeo). The results indicated that the average concentrations of As, Pb, Cd, Zn and Cu were 187.79, 2074.52, 15.72, 2178.89, 39.69 mg/kg respectively. The geological evaluation of the cumulative index results showed that the contamination degree of 5 heavy metals follow the sequence of Cd> Zn >Pb > As >Cu. The results show that Cd reached extremely pollution degree, Zn reached strong pollution-extremely pollution levels, the pollution of Pb in the soil is classified as strong pollution degree, Cu and As of no pollution according to the results of Igeo based on the background value of heavy metals in the soil of Hunan Province.


Commonsense knowledge, such as knowing that "bumping into people annoys them" or "rain makes the road slippery", helps humans navigate everyday situations seamlessly. Yet, endowing machines with such human-like commonsense reasoning capabilities has remained an elusive goal of artificial intelligence research for decades. In recent years, commonsense knowledge and reasoning have received renewed attention from the natural language processing (NLP) community, yielding exploratory studies in automated commonsense understanding. We organize this tutorial to provide researchers with the critical foundations and recent advances in commonsense representation and reasoning, in the hopes of casting a brighter light on this promising area of future research. In our tutorial, we will (1) outline the various types of commonsense (e.g., physical, social), and (2) discuss techniques to gather and represent commonsense knowledge, while highlighting the challenges specific to this type of knowledge (e.g., reporting bias). We will then (3) discuss the types of commonsense knowledge captured by modern NLP systems (e.g., large pretrained language models), and (4) present ways to measure systems' commonsense reasoning abilities. We will finish with (5) a discussion of various ways in which commonsense reasoning can be used to improve performance on NLP tasks, exemplified by an (6) interactive session on integrating commonsense into a downstream task.


as names of capitals, rivers, and products all faded into oblivion at quiz time. For everyone, however, those were important lessons. When we as adults read about or discuss America's great northwest, we know the states, the terrain, and the climate involved. We understand and appreciate the circumstances that have an impact on the northwest quadrant of the country; we are able to be insightful and draw conclusions about the area.


Abstract : This AGARDograph is the second in AGARD's Flight Test Technique Series. It addresses the problem of estimating parameters of dynamic systems. The aim is to present the theoretical basis of system identification and parameter estimations in a manner that is complete and rigorous, yet understandable with minimum prerequisites. It concentrates in maximum likelihood and related knowledge of stochastic processes or functional analysis. No previous background in statistics is assumed. The treatment empasizes unification of the various areas in estimation theory and practice. For example, the theory of estimation in dynamic systems is treated as a direct outgrowth of the static system theory. Topics covered include: Numerical Optimization methods; Probability; Statistical Estimators; Estimation in static systems; Stochastic processes; State Estimation in dynamic systems; Output error; Filter error; and Equation error methods of parameter estimation in dynamic systems; and the accuracy of the estimates. Keywords include: Dynamic properties, Dynamic response, Identifying, Systems analysis, and Statistical analysis.


based on items from Fire Prevention Standards for Building Designing,this paper analyzes and discusses some ambiguous items and suggests some measures to amend them.


The real estate bubble has seriously threatened the healthy and stable operation of economy and society in China. It is urgently required for the government to regulate the real estate market by the house property tax. This paper firstly analyzed the reason of high housing price and discussed the policy objectives of the house property tax in a normative analysis way. Then it analyzed the economic effects after carrying out the house property tax comprehensively. The corresponding policy suggestions are given in the end of the paper.


Trophobiosis with aphids producing honeydew, which is one of the main energetic resources for ants, plays an important role in their life. These are the first data on the trophobiotic associations between ants and aphids in South Zauralye. Investigations were carried out in the most typical biotopes for the region (forest, meadow, steppe and antropogenic biotopes) in 2006-2013. Trophobiotic interactions with aphids are revealed for 17 ant species from two subfamilies: Formicinae (Formica 7 species, Lasius 3, Camponotus 3) and Myrmicinae (Myrmica 4). 84 species of myrmecoplile aphids of 30 genera and 6 families were revealed. The majority of aphid species (65) were associated with Lasius niger (Linnaeus, 1758) and also with dominant species: Formica pratensis Retzius, 1783 23 species, red wood ants of Formica rufa group 17. Other ants were noted in aphid colonies of the less number of species (1-5). The number of aphid species associated with the dominant ants of Formica and L. niger depends on the composition and structure of ant community. Obligate dominant species of Formica attend colonies of the majority of aphid species, besides the variety of trophobiotic interactions of these ants significantly increases in the presence of subdominants of subgenus Serviformica (F. fusca and F. cunicularia). In the absence of dominant ants of Formica aphid colonies of the majority of species are attended by L. niger. On the whole, obligate dominants of Formica s. str. in tandem with subdominant ants of subgenus Serviformica play the most significant role in the forming of trophobiotic interactions in multispecies communities, while in the absence of dominants this role is played by L. niger.


Thank you for downloading helping others help themselves a guide to counseling skills. Maybe you have knowledge that, people have look hundreds times for their favorite novels like this helping others help themselves a guide to counseling skills, but end up in harmful downloads. Rather than reading a good book with a cup of coffee in the afternoon, instead they are facing with some malicious virus inside their laptop.


This paper proposes an efficient mathematical operator called spatial product whereby fractional order systems (FOSs) can be represented as a standard state space form of partial differential equations. This infinite dimensional model represents the true state of the FOS and is adopted in this study, whereas the widely used pseudo state space equation with Caputo's definition is only an approximate model. We derive the exact state space solution of the FOS in terms of the spatial product and also reveal a separation property with respect to the initialization of FOSs. Furthermore, the linear quadratic regulator (LQR) and the H2 control of FOSs are studied in such rigorous frame. The results show that these optimal control problems can be formatted as Riccati-type equations in the sense of the spatial product.


Mechanical vibrations resulted from transportation are mentioned to be a high hazardous issue of integrity and physiology found in biological systems. Fertile eggs that are transported from broiler farm to hatcheries are susceptible to harmful results, and it is still unknown all the possible effects in embryo development. Thus, the goal of this study was to evaluate the loss during hatching and in the quality of broiler chicks, after fertile eggs were exposed to simulated mechanical vibrations in different conditions. The experiment was developed in a commercial hatchery in Mogi-Mirim, Sao Paulo. Altogether, 1920 fertile eggs from Cobb-500 (31 to 34 weeks) were used. These eggs were exposed to vibrations during the transport in a mechanical simulator (Figure 1a). The assay was performed in a random modeling in blocks arranged in a factorial 2 x 2 + 1 with an additional treatment. The analyzed factors were determined by two vibration levels (lower with RSS 2.5 m/s2 and higher with RSS 7.5 m/s2), associated with two periods of exposition time (60 and 180 minutes). For the results, the answers from birth were analyzed using the hatching rate. The quality of broiler chicks obtained by the amount of first line chicks; and the total loss in the hatchery found in the summation of previous answers. Analyzes were done using a modeling of logistical regression, the effects of significance obtained by the Wald test and all procedures were performed using the statistical program R. The results showed that fertile eggs exposed to mechanical vibrations can increase birth loss and decrease the amount of first line chicks (Figures 1b and 1c). The treatment submitted higher vibration level (RSS 7.5 m/s2) applied to longer time intervals (180 minutes) was different from the control in almost answers. Using the Wald test at significance of 5%, it was verified that the chance of having a hatched egg vibrated in the strongest treatment (RSS 7.5 m/s2 and 180 minutes) was only 47% if in comparison to the control group. In terms of bird quality, it was verified a reduction in the amount of first line chicks in all treatments exposed to superior level vibration. Consequently, the total losses of the higher vibration treatments were 10% higher than the control, statistically different with the Wald test at the 5% significance level. Hence, it is possible to conclude that vibrations are capable of compromise incubation, resulting in huge financial loss for hatchery, if similar conditions happen to be the way they were simulated on this study.


Improving learners' intercultural communicativecompetence has been acknowledged to be the major goal ofcurrent English Language Teaching (ELT) in China. Yet, noconsensus has been reached even today on the definition ofIntercultural Communicative Competence (ICC). The author ofthis paper proposes her understanding of ICC and points out tha tthe key element of fostering our learners' ICC lies in improvingtheir social-cultural competence, towards which three feasiblesteps are further illustrated : getting an inside view of the targetculture; getting an outside view of the native culture; seeking athird perspective. Improving learners' intercultural communicativecompetence has been acknowledged to be the major goal ofcurrent English Language Teaching in China. Whatintercultural communicative competence is and how this may beachieved by our English learners have become issues of majorconcern. Addressing these issues, this paper proposes possiblesolutions to the problem.


This paper investigates the effectiveness of different optimizers for leukocyte classification in convolutional neural networks. We compare the performance of optimization functions supported by TensorFlow. Our experiment shows that "Adam" optimizer achieves the highest accuracy of 0.9844, followed by "RMS Prop" with 0.9776. The lowest accuracy of 0.4158 was achieved by "Gradient Descent". Our study demonstrates the importance of selecting optimal optimizer for best performance in leukocyte classification tasks using CNNs on blood images.


The relationship between employees' perceptions of their managers' transformational leadership style and employees' psychological well-being was examined in two studies. In Study 1, trust in the leader fully mediated the positive relationship between perceptions of managers' transformational leadership and employee psychological well-being in a cross-sectional sample (n=436). Study 2 (n=269) (1) replicated the mediated effect found in Study 1; (2) extended the model by showing that active management-by-exception and laissez-faire behaviours negatively affected employee psychological well-being by reducing trust in the manager; and (3) excluded the possibility that these results were accounted for by individual differences or liking of the manager. Theoretical and practical applications, as well as directions for future research are discussed.


There are many hidden troubles with blow-up accident of pressure vessel and thus it may result in more serious danger. The routes, through which the a ccidents taking place, can be analysed and found out with the application of FTA (failure tree analysis) and then reasonable preventive measures can be worked o ut by using the method of MCS.


Community vulnerability can be defined as the nature that buildings and residents in communities are susceptible to damages and losses by definite disasters.The vulnerability assessment in community mainly focuses on the damaged buildings and affected humans.The comprehensive assessment based on historical statistics analysis and index system of disasters and methods based on the damage curve are suitable for assessing the macroscopic large-scale social and economic vulnerability.They are unsuitable for community emergency management.This paper proposes a community vulnerability assessment based on the method of scenario construction.It is proved valid when it is applied to a community vulnerability assessment in Urumqi.


In today's world of unpredictable and sudden changes in global economy, the companies that want to plan their business policies wisely must be capable of doing more than merely surviving economic domestic and global market changes – they need to be able to predict the future. An analyst who knows the rules of game theory and recognizes its potentials in analyzing business decisions in cooperation and/or conflict situations is capable to use game theory as a tool that will ensure him competitive edge and help him in predicting possible outcomes in a range of complicated or less complicated, specific or everyday business situations.The purpose of this paper is to give an insight into the possible ways of analyzing and shaping business decisions by implementing game theoretic principles, and to investigate the possibilities of taking creative risks to achieve strategic advantage. Every game involves a certain level of risk. Managers are often faced with situations in which decision making is made difficult due to their lack of knowledge about the opponent's possible moves, or incomplete insight into possible outcomes and consequences. Also, the aim is to demonstrate the necessity of integrating scientific findings into business processes.The text encompasses several specific areas of the implementation of game theory in business, such as entry deterrence, or FDI. Basic component of each of these applications is that they are put into the decision-making context in competitive surroundings, or, in other words, they deal with situations in which a certain number of economic agents, trying to satisfy own interests, take actions that impact common total fortune. Using the game theoretic terminology, players take actions consistent with given "rules of the game", and these common activities determine the eventual outcome and payoffs. Apart from providing the framework and structure for modeling competitive environment, game theory also provides the answer to a crucial question: "Which optimal decision or activity should a competitor make or take anticipating his/her opponent's optimal activities?"Game theory accurately depicts real competitive situations from the immediate surroundings thereby becoming an important advisor in designing business strategies, particularly in the light of the integration of Croatia's economy into European and global economies.


From a project oriented view point the concept of sustainability concerns a variety of themes. The evolution of any single city brings to light the fact that architecture and town planning have often expressed more than a merely stereotyped conception of "style", wherever its most significant achievements have responded to structural needs. For "sustainable urban development" we may assume the necessity of a "priority vision", according to which economic, ecologic and social potentials should be valued. This paper questions the notion of urban sustainability considering the port of Alexandria and is region at various levels. Today extending for many miles along the sea coast, the city entered a period of crisis in the 1950s when a mass exodus of foreigners followed transfer of the main activities to Cairo, while the surrounding area was subject to reclamation work as part of a plan for national development. An important event occurred in 1989 with the rebuilding of Alexandria's world-famous library, bringing with it a hope for revival of the city's ecumenical tradition and of the place it formerly held in world culture. While most of its five million inhabitants survive in a variety of unauthorised settlements and the rural areas have suffered severely from the pollution of Lake Maryut Alexandria is expanding by creation of "gated communities", paralleled by intensive building for tourism along the western coast. This growing trend towards the "American way of life" is destroying any identity of place. Criticizing the unsustainability of the Alexandria of today, this paper focuses on potentials for polycentric development of the city as a vital part of its region and the Nile Delta, also considering that debate is in progress on the accomplishment of important infrastructural projects that may offer fresh opportunities for involving the topography and centuries-old life of the metropolis in designing the future city.


The practicality of Arts and Design is strong,the designer need not only grasp design skill,but also the relative knowledge,material and produce process and so on.However,most young college teachers in Arts and Design Department know only about knowledge on the books,the have no enough time to connect with the practice,their teaching about design skills only come from textbooks and understanding of written material.


In this study, 2D and 3D numerical models based on the Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) approach have been developed to simulate turbulent open channel flows over a fixed rough bed. Both models were then used to simulate free surface turbulent flow over a rough boundary, including the free surface dynamic behaviour. The numerical code is based on the open source code SPHysics (http://www.sphysics.org) and during this study significant improvements have been made to this code on the modelling of turbulence and rough bed treatment. A modified sub-particle-scale (SPS) eddy viscosity model is proposed to reflect the turbulence transfer mechanisms and drag force equations are included into the momentum equations to account for the existence of roughness elements on the bed and on sidewalls. The computed results of flow velocity, shear stress and free surface elevations have been compared with detailed laboratory measurements under different flow conditions. The comparison has demonstrated that the modified SPH models can accurately simulate the free surface flows over a fixed rough bed. It was found that the modified 3D model is more accurate than the modified 2D model in predicting the flow velocity, shear stress profiles and the dynamic behaviour of the free surface. The capabilities and limitations of each model to simulate such free surface flow are highlighted and discussed.


The best practise for structural damage detection currently relies on the installation of structural health monitoring systems for the collection of dedicated high frequency measurements. Switching to the employment of the wind turbine's SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) signals and their commonly recorded low frequency statistics can lead to a reduction in the number of ad-hoc monitoring sensors and quantity of data required. In this paper, aero-hydro-servo-elastic simulations for a model of a turbine are used to assess its loads and any changes in the dynamics under healthy state and a damaged configuration case study. To prove the feasibility of the damage detection through low-resolution data, the statistics of the typically recorded signals from the SCADA and the structural monitoring systems are fed into a database for training and testing of classification algorithms. The ability of the machine learning models to generalise the classification for both stochasticity and uncertainties in the environmental conditions are tested. Decision tree-based classifiers showed the capability to capture the damage for the majority of the operating conditions considered. Though the setup of the traditional SCADA sensors had to be supplemented with an additional structural health monitoring sensor, the detection of the damage has been shown feasible by referring to low-frequency statistics only.


Accurate and efficient prediction of dispersion interactions in excited-state complexes poses a challenge due to the complex nature of electron correlation effects that need to be simultaneously considered. We propose an algorithm for computing the dispersion energy in nondegenerate ground- or excited-state complexes with arbitrary spin. The algorithm scales with the fifth power of the system size due to employing Cholesky decomposition of Coulomb integrals and a recently developed recursive formula for density response functions of the monomers. As a numerical illustration, we apply the new algorithm in the framework of multiconfigurational symmetry adapted perturbation theory, SAPT(MC), to study interactions in dimers with localized excitons. The SAPT(MC) analysis reveals that the dispersion energy may be the main force stabilizing excited-state dimers.


This work provides a signal-processing and statistical-error analysis methodology to assess key performance indicators for a floating Doppler wind lidar. The study introduces the raw-to-clean data processing chain, error assessment indicators and key performance indicators, as well as two filtering methods at post-processing level to alleviate the impact of angular motion and spatial variability of the wind flow on the performance indicators. Towards this aim, the study mainly revisits horizontal wind speed (HWS) and turbulence intensity measurements with a floating ZephIR 300 lidar buoy during a 38 day nearshore test campaign in Pont del Petroli (Barcelona). Typical day cases along with overall statistics for the whole campaign are discussed to illustrate the methodology and processing tools developed. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The CD measurement method has been long used by the industry to specify contact hole mis-sizing defects on reticles. However with the shrinking of feature size beyond sub-wavelength, it has been found that this method of specifying contact hole defects do not always correlate well to CD differences on wafers. A better correlation can be achieved by using the energy difference (total flux energy) review tool available on the SLF27. The energy difference review tool measures the total energy transmitted through a manually drawn box. In this paper, defects from production reticles are used to compare the sizes of these defects with their energy differences on reticle against the CD measurements on wafers. Defect data from Binary reticles of undersized and oversized contacts holes are evaluated. Strong correlation between mis-sized contact holes measurement on wafer SEM and energy difference review tool on the SLF27 (Reticle Inspection tool with 365nm UV wavelength) is observed. The correlation is particularly strong for undersized contact holes. The correlation is helpful in identifying good repair and bad repair, since the correlation still holds true on contact holes with repair stain. Though it is believed the correlation stays true for PSM, a more thorough evaluation is required for PSM reticles at this time. From these data, a new defect control specification on reticles, using the energy difference method has been determined and used to specify mis-sizing or acceptable localized CD error on reticle to prevent yield impact on wafer.


Cheap prices are the central positioning criterion of discount stores and the key variable explaining the intention to shop in discounters. Accordingly, discounters design their stores to maximize their efficiency. However, price may explain only a part of customer satisfaction. The purpose of this study is to delve into the environmental factors affecting discount retail store satisfaction. A conceptual model is empirically tested on the influence of discount store environmental attributes of customer satisfaction. Data are analyzed through partial least squares-structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) on a sample of 381 customers. Findings show that factors, different from low prices, influence satisfaction with discount stores. Despite customers seek for low prices, the store personnel positively influences customer satisfaction, followed by a convenient product assortment and an attractive product layout and a convenient store location. Discount store managers may use the store personnel as a way to differentiate from other retail competitors in a cost-service tradeoff.


The invention discloses an intelligent multi-color screen printing machine which comprises a machine shell, bottom feet, visual windows and a turnplate type screen printing machine body. The bottom feet are arranged at the bottom of the machine shell. The visual windows are arranged on the side face of the upper half portion of the machine shell. Vent holes are formed in the top and the side face of the bottom. A feeding conveying belt is arranged in the position of an inlet of the side face of the machine shell. A product positioning device is installed on the edge of a support of the feeding conveying belt. A feeding mechanical arm is arranged above the feeding conveying belt. A discharging conveying belt is arranged in the position of an outlet of the machine shell. A discharging mechanical arm is arranged above the discharging conveying belt. Conveying belt motors are arranged at the ends of the support of the feeding conveying belt and a support of the discharging conveying belt correspondingly. Conveying belt supporting legs are arranged at the bottoms of the feeding conveying belt and the discharging conveying belt. The turnplate type screen printing machine body is arranged in the machine shell. The intelligent multi-color screen printing machine has the beneficial effects that a high-precision divider and a full-servo control system are adopted, and thus the color topping precision and stability of products are improved.


Bipolar disorder (BD) is a debilitating psychiatric illness affecting 2%‐5% of the population. Although mania is the cardinal feature of BD, inattention and related cognitive dysfunction are observed across all stages. Since cognitive dysfunction confers poor functional outcome in patients, understanding the relevant neural mechanisms remains key to developing novel‐targeted therapeutics.


Throughout her political career, Mary politicized the space around her, particularly her family homes. The chapter examines how Mary used the home as a political tool. It explores her political entertaining at Hatfield House as Marchioness of Salisbury, examining the influential role she played in political life during the late 1850s and early 1860s. Using the parliamentary debates that foreshadowed the Second Reform Act of 1867 as a backdrop, this chapter goes on to explore the symbiosis between the political space Mary constructed and the agenda of the national polity. This analysis is further developed by a consideration of how Mary used the family home for political purposes during her second marriage. Throughout, Mary's use of political space is understood as an expression of her agency and ideology, rather than the physical manifestation of the obligation she felt as a wife.


An antenna pattern measurement system has been developed which operates over the frequency range 1 to 12.4 GHz. The system makes pattern measurements and tests gain, beamwidths, and sidelobe levels under far-field conditions. Measurements using a Hewlett-Packard 8410A vector network analyzer as the receiver are managed by an in-house-developed software package for use on an IBM PC-AT microcomputer.


This issue of Mineralogical Magazine – Journal of Mineral Sciences contains nine articles by distinguished mineralogists which were delivered as plenary lectures to the 18th General Meeting of the International Mineralogical Association held in Edinburgh in early September 2002. The IMA is the only truly international organization representing mineralogy, and is supported by subscriptions from 37 mineralogical societies world-wide. Its main activity is to hold a General Meeting every four years in one of the subscribing countries, and in 2002 the organization was handled jointly by a group based in Edinburgh and by the Mineralogical Society of Great Britain & Ireland. The organizers invited lecturers who we believed would provide an authoritative and exciting overview of the most vigorous areas of the science of mineralogy as we enter a new millennium. In this the lecturers have unquestionably succeeded and we are very grateful for the scholarship, time and effort that they have put into these presentations. Each article was checked by an expert, and I thank Ross Angel, Derek Bain, Bill Brown, Martin Lee, David Manning, Bryne Ngwenya and Alison Pawley for their help.


In this work different modelling techniques are investigated to simulate the dynamic behaviour of slender structures on which electrostatic forces are acting. In particular, non-conforming elements are tested to model micro-mechanical devices (or MEMS) having a very large aspect ratio. The theory underlying the non-conforming approach for finite elements is outlined in reference [1]. The principle of this formulation consists in enhancing the linear displacement field by quadratic shape functions associated to internal degrees of freedom. For a three-dimensional element, the displacement field u of components ui (i = 1;2;3) is discretised as :


Shwasa is a chronic condition that developed as a result of Pranavaha sroto dushti, here the shwasa roga is developed due to two types of srodo dushti i.e. sangha (Due to kapha avarodha) and vimarga gamana (of the udana vata). Asthma is a condition that affects the quality of life of an individual. Especially this condition aggravates and worsens in the cold season. Depending on the sign and symptoms Shwasa roga can be compared with Asthma. Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects the airway of lungs and leads to narrowing of air passage, it is an episodic disease manifested clinically by paroxysms of dyspnoea, tightness of chest along with wheezing sound and coughing usually more at night or early morning. Asthma rapidly increasing in India due to pollution, Among India's 1.31 billion people, about 6% of children and 2% of adults are suffering from asthma.[1] Tamaka shwasa is one among the Shwasaroga and it is predominantly Vatakaphajavyadhi. This disease is maintainable by giving proper medication like shodhana (Vmana, Virechana, etc...) and shamana chikitsa (Swasa kutara rasa, swasamrita etc...), if the proper treatment is not given to the patient is proper time, then this condition gets worse and become life-threatening. So, the following case study is explaining about the management of Swasa roga of 8 years history with Ayurvedic medications.
Keywords: Tamaka Shwasa, Deppana, Paachana, Shodhana, Shamana.


This paper proposes an intelligent agent-based intelligent networks service creation environment on the IN architecture and concept models, which is called intelligent service creation environment (ISCE), and mainly discusses the architecture and the service creation environment on the basis of intelligent agent technology. We describe how to construct the planes of IN on the intelligent agent and introduce the intelligent service creation environment on it. Since the ISCE benefits from intelligent agent properties such as autonomy and intelligence, it possesses many new characteristics, such as adaptability, distribution, autonomy, and self-verification. Finally, this paper deals with problems which remain to be studied in this topic.


The increase in the use of mobile devices has made them target for attackers, through the use of sophisticated malware. One of the most significant types of such malware is mobile botnets. Due to their continually evolving nature, botnets are difficult to tackle through signature and traditional anomaly based detection methods. Machine learning techniques have also been used for this purpose. However, the study of their effectiveness has shown methodological weaknesses that have prevented the emergence of conclusive and thorough evidence about their merit.

To address this problem, in this thesis we propose a mobile botnet detection system, called MBotCS and report the outcomes of a comprehensive experimental study of mobile botnet detection using supervised machine learning techniques to analyse network traffic and system calls on Android mobile devices.

The research covers a range of botnet detection scenarios that is wider from what explored so far, explores atomic and box learning algorithms, and investigates thoroughly the sensitivity of the algorithm performance on different factors (algorithms, features of network traffic, system call data aggregation periods, and botnets vs normal applications and so on). These experiments have been evaluated using real mobile device traffic, and system call captured from Android mobile devices, running normal apps and mobile botnets.

The experiments study has several superiorities comparing with existing research. Firstly, experiments use not only atomic but also box ML classifiers. Secondly, a comprehensive set of Android mobile botnets, which had not been considered previously, without relying on any form of synthetic training data. Thirdly, experiments contain a wider set of detection scenarios including unknown botnets and normal applications. Finally, experiments include the statistical significance of differences in detection performance measures with respect to different factors.

The study resulted in positive evidence about the effectiveness of the supervised learning approach, as a solution to the mobile botnet detection problem.


Network delays cause disturbance and reduction in the Quality-of-Service (QoS) for Internet-of-Things (IoT) while end-users are running critical real-time services. In parallel, federated fogs are not effective when formed without considering the performance perceived by the end-users. This article presents a novel architecture for the federated fog concept and proposes an adaptive and intelligent federation formation approach using Genetic Algorithm and Machine Learning models. Fog federations serve as a solution for fog providers to offer the required QoS they serve. Such a concept allows efficient distribution of load among multiple fog providers that share their resources. Throughout this process, the issue of QoS deterioration, due to local overloads, is relatively solved. Hence, the end users can enjoy a delay-free experience when using real-time applications. Real data is used to evaluate the proposed architecture and formation mechanism. The results show a notable improvement in the throughput as well as a decrease in the response time for the services requested.


A 2 m length Twisted Stacked-Tape Cable (TSTC) conductor which was fabricated by 32-YBCO-tapes (4 mm width) with a 200 mm twist pitch was investigated at various temperatures near 77 K in subcooled- and pressurized-liquid nitrogen. The critical current of the TSTC cable which was 1.45 kA at 77 K measured from 64 K to 85 K by controlling the equilibrium vapor pressure of nitrogen bath and were varied from 3.65 kA at 64 K to 0.42 kA at 85 K. The temperature dependence of cables' critical current agrees with that of the 4 mm width YBCO tape. These results are encouraging for applications of a compact Twisted Stacked-Tape Cable application in railway systems.


Transformational leadership by the principal appears to be a precondition of shared instructional leadership in schools, but it does not guarantee that principals and teachers will collaborate on curriculum and instruction. The present study, a content analysis of existing case studies, explores the ways in which teachers respond to transformational leadership by the principal, with attention paid to the influence and conditions that activate interdependent relationships and enhance shared transformational leadership and shared instructional leadership. A contrast school, where shared instructional leadership did not take hold, suggests that structures and processes that organize teachers' work differently do not automatically result in the kinds of interactions associated with quality teaching and learning.


SUMMARY From a historical perspective, one could consider the modern library catalog to be that bibliographical apparatus that stretches at least from Thomas Hyde's catalog for the Bodleian Library at Oxford to the near present. Mai and other recent authors have suggested postmodern approaches to knowledge organization. In these, we realize that there is no single and unique order of knowledge or documents but rather there are many appropriate orders, all of them contextually dependent. Works (oeuvres, opera, Werke, etc.), as are musical works, literary works, works of art, etc., are and always have been key entities for information retrieval. Yet catalogs in the modern era were designed to inventory (first) and retrieve (second) specific documents. From Hyde's catalog for the Bodleian until the late twentieth century, developments are epistemologically pragmatic-reflected in the structure of catalog records, in the rules for main entry headings, and in the rules for filing in card catalogs. After 1980 developments become empirical-reflected in research conducted by Tillett, Yee, Smiraglia, Leazer, Carlyle, and Vellucci. The influence of empiricism on the pragmatic notion of "the work" has led to increased focus on the concept of the work. The challenge for the postmodern online catalog is to fully embrace the concept of "the work," finally to facilitate it as a prime objective for information retrieval.


The energies of proton irradiated were changed from 0.8 to 4 meV and dose of 1 × 1015 cm–2 on AgInSe2 thin films were prepared on a quartz glass substrate using an evaporation method. No secondary phases could be observed with increasing proton energy in the XRD spectra. However, the lattice constants of a and c axes increased and grain sizes decreased with increasing proton energy. Furthermore, an increase of carrier concentration with increasing the proton energy was due to increase of donor-type defects such as Se-vacancy and/or interstitial hydrogen. (© 2009 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)