An ex-vessel steam explosion in a nuclear power plant may develop when the reactor vessel fails and the molten core interacts with the coolant water in the reactor vessel. At the fuel coolant interaction a part of the corium energy is intensively transferred to water in a very short time scale. The water vaporizes at high pressure and expands, inducing potentially severe dynamic loadings on surrounding systems, structures and components that may lead to an early release of radioactive material into the environment.
To get a better understanding of the ex-vessel steam explosion phenomenon, various scenarios analyses for a typical pressurized water reactor cavity were made. A detailed analysis was performed varying the melt release location, the cavity water temperature, the primary system over-pressure at vessel failure and the triggering time for explosion calculations. The main purpose of the analysis was to determine the most challenging ex-vessel steam explosion cases and to estimate the expected pressure loadings on the cavity walls. The performed analysis shows that for some ex-vessel steam explosion scenarios significantly higher pressure loads are predicted than were obtained in the OECD programme SERENA.
The detailed analysis of the most challenging central melt pour scenario revealed that the calculated high pressure loads are also a consequence of the axial symmetric geometry of the cavity model and the probably over-predicted melt droplets amount involved in the steam explosion.


We analyze the reverse link of a single wireless cell in which mobile phones simultaneously transmit to the base station using code division multiple access (CDMA). The mobiles are transmitting data which is delay intolerant, so that scheduling cannot be employed. There is a finite number of data classes, and the users transmit either data or a lower rate synchronizing signal. To overcome the near-far problem, received power control is used, which has a log-normal error. For each class there is an outage probability that the user's signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) will be met (when active and when idle). Refinements of the central limit theorem are used to determine the number of users of each class that can be supported, i.e., the capacity. The approximation can also be used to determine the minimal target powers necessary to meet the outage requirements. Comparison with simulation shows these approximations to be accurate.


Purpose: MRI coupled with the injection of ultrasmall particles of iron oxide (US-PIO) has been successfully applied for pre-clinical and clinical studies of cerebral inflammation following stroke. Current limitations of this approach are represented by the difficulty of interpreting MR signal changes in terms of exact USPIO localisation. To overcome this limitation, we introduce Synchrotron Radiation phase micro-computerized tomography (SR-PCT) as a new method to visualise USPIO distribution into the whole brains of mice with cerebral ischaemia.


Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD)is the most common genetic kidney disease with an estimated prevalence of between 1:400 and 1:1,000. Caused by germline mutations in PKD1 (85%) or PKD2 (15%). The cardinal feature of ADPKD is the presence of multiple fluid-filled kidney cysts which enlarge over time. Cyst initiation and expansion is a complex process characterized by abnormalities in tubular cell proliferation, fluid secretion, extracellular matrix formation and cell polarity. Currently, the three major treatment strategies are to: 1) reduce cAMP levels; 2) inhibit cell proliferation, and 3) reduce fluid secretion.


When people in ancient Greece needed advice on their future, they usually turned to local forecasting institutions, a popular and respected service at that time. The most famous amongst these was the Oracle of Delphi, where gods, demigods and celebrities listened to a priestess describing their future in twisted words. The only problem with the oracle's predictions was that they were often not clearly comprehensible and so it was the priests' task to translate the priestess's words. Although the Oracle of Delphi closed its business a long time ago, the possibility of predicting the future has continued to fascinate mankind, as can be seen in the unbroken belief in palm readers, tarot cards or analysts' predictions of the NASDAQ.

Today, we are witnessing the building of the modern version of the Oracle of Delphi. The combination of genomics, genetic diagnosis technologies and powerful computers promises not less than to eradicate all leading causes of death in the First World that we have not yet found a cure for. 'Personalised', 'genetic' or 'molecular medicine', as it has been dubbed, has become the battle cry to describe the future of health care (Papavassiliou, 2001). No wonder this venture has drawn considerable interest from private enterprises and governments, as well as patient organisations. But the path to a bright future where cancer, coronary heart disease, obesity or Alzheimer's disease will be eliminated is littered with legal, organisational and social obstacles.

Personalised medicine is becoming possible now that the information from the Human Genome Project, which will eventually identify all human genes and their functions, is pouring in. At the same time, epidemiology (classical as well as on a molecular basis), genetic and medical research are clarifying the role that certain genes and their variations play in the pathogenesis of the most important diseases. …


The invention discloses a fruit-flavor chocolate fried bread stick and a preparation method thereof. The fruit-flavor chocolate fried bread stick is characterized in that the fried bread stick is made by materials of the following weight in parts: 150-170 parts of flour, 1.5-2 parts of yeast, 1-2 parts of baking soda, 20-30 parts of fruit-flavor chocolate liquor, 0.8-1.5 parts of soyabean lecithin; 1-2 parts of vitamin C, 8-10 parts of oat, 3-4 parts of water chestnut, 2-3 parts of radix puerariae powder, 3-4 parts of isatis root, 1-2 parts of astragalus membranaceus, 4-5 parts of loofah sponge, 2-3 parts of lophatherum gracile, 1-2 parts of cushaw flower, 3-4 parts of ginseng flower, 2-3 parts of carnation, 1-2 parts of pipewort, 4-5 parts of butterflybush flower and 1-2 parts of grape seed oil. The trophic factors such as the soyabean lecithin and the vitamin C are added into the fruit-flavor chocolate fried bread stick, so the nutritional value of the fruit-flavor chocolate fried bread stick is promoted; the chocolate is added into the fried bread stick, so that the taste is mellow, and the flavor is unique; in addition, the fruit-flavor chocolate fried bread stick has the efficacies of clearing away heat and toxic materials, tonifying qi and strengthening exterior, beautifying appearance, prolonging life, clearing away the heart-fire and improving the eyesight, and invigorating stomach and removing the retention of food.


The rapid development of the Information Communication Technologies and the Internet, and their ever growing use makes it necessary to satisfy the needs of all users, including those with disabilities, having accessibility problems. Therefore we have developed a new validator software called XValid, which is a human controlled testing tool for specific needs in light of "Design for All", and based on the recommendations of WCAG 2.0. We used the well-known WebXACT, as well as our newly developed XValid validator for testing web pages. The testing was carried out in 15 categories: journals, web shops, government sites, websites related to health, TV channels' sites, educational sites, commercial sites, news sites, time-tables, sites related to leisure activities... Museums, Assistive technologies, Chat sites, sport news, and web pages of banks. We made a comparison between the results of the two testing tools. The paper provides a summary of the most typical shortcomings to be taken into account by the designers of future websites.


Quantitative analysis in medical imaging often relies on anatomical segmentation of MR or CT images. Several multi-atlas based segmentation propagation methods have recently been published due to the accurate structural segmentations produced by propagating and combining manual delineations from multiple templates in a database. We propose a new multi-label local ranking strategy for template selection based on the locally normalised cross correlation (LNCC) and an extension to the classical STAPLE algorithm by Warfield et al. [15]. It addresses the known problem of local vs. global image matching and the bias introduced in the performance estimation due to structure size. Results show a significant improvement in terms of segmentation accuracy for key brain areas when compared to state-of-the-art brain parcelation algorithms and reduced discontinuity and fragmentation between structures due to the MRF derived smoothness.


This study aims to determine the implementation of Islamic bank social values as they should have been implemented . This study uses the Maqashid Syariah Index with three main social indicators, namely education, justice, and social welfare. The object of this research are three Islamic banks in Jordan (Jordan Islamic Bank, Safwa, and International Islamic Arab Bank). The results showed that all the banks have a low  Maqashid Syariah Index for all indicators, which meant that the practice of implementing the social values of Islamic banks in Jordan are not close to what people have expected especially for indicators of justice and social welfare. In the future, Islamic banks need to increase social contributions, especially on indicators of justice and social welfare.


Livable and complete streets goals are increasingly embraced by municipal leaders across the United States. This support is critical but not sufficient for overcoming myriad obstacles to building the necessary agency and community support for specific projects. This article discusses proven strategies to tackle seven commonly encountered obstacles.


Automated maritime object detection is a significant research challenge in intelligent marine surveillance systems for the Internet of Things (IoT) and smart ocean applications. In particular, ship detection is recognized as one of the core research issues of these IoT-driven intelligent marine surveillance systems. Traditional methods based on machine learning have made some achievements in detection tasks for specific objects. However, the ship objects are relatively small, and they are usually not accurately detected. In this article, we propose an electroencephalography (EEG)-based maritime object detection algorithm for IoT-driven surveillance systems in the smart ocean. For this purpose, we conduct experiments to record the EEG signals of subjects when they are watching the maritime image scenes. With the feature analysis of EEG signals, the event-related potential (ERP) components associated with detecting objects are induced, such as the $P3$ and $N2$ components. Employing classification based on linear discriminant analysis (LDA), the area under curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) is used to evaluate the detection accuracy. We use this novel method to determine and identify essential objects and areas from IoT devices, such as digital camera imaging sensors. Our proposed method can not only help to detect small objects accurately using fewer samples but can also be used to reduce the data volume needed to be stored and transmitted in IoT-driven marine surveillance systems.


Objective: To study the association of the brachial artery diameter with coronary artery disease in women with chest pain.Method: We examined 376 women(mean age 57 years) with chest pain,who underwent B-mode ultrasound of brachial artery diameter at rest and during hyperemic stress,quantitative coronary angiography,and risk factor assessment.Result: Large resting brachial artery diameter was associated significant with angiographic CAD.(3.90±0.79mm vs 3.52±0.59mm,with CAD vs no CAD P0.001).Impaired flow-mediated dilation,which correlated with resting diameter,was weakly associated with significant CAD.After adjustment for age,body size,and CAD risk factors,women with large resting brachial artery diameters had 3.6-fold increased odds.Conclusion: Large resting brachial artery diameter is an independent predictor of significant CAD in women with chest pain.Therefore,a simple ultrasonographic technique may be useful in the identification of women with chest pain who are at increased risk for CAD.


Taking as an example the grid management for secondary river information system of Banan District , Chongqing , this paper introduces the application of grid management to water environment management of seconda- ry rivers for the first time when Chongqing strives to build itself into a national model city for environmental protection.The framework of water environment management information system has been set up to manage water environment digitally in grid and in detail , which serves as an effective means for advancing the cause of creating a national model city.


Freely decaying turbulent flows in a stably stratified fluid are simulated with a pseudo-spectral numerical code solving the fully nonlinear Navier–Stokes equations under the Boussinesq approximation with periodic boundary conditions. The flow is decomposed into a turbulent field and a horizontal mean flow ū(z, t) defined as the average of the horizontal velocity component in a horizontal plane at height z and time t. Similarly, the density field is decomposed into a turbulent field and a (stable) mean density profile ρ(z, t) defined as the average of the density field in a horizontal plane at height z and time t. Attention is paid to the effect of the turbulent velocity field on an initial z-periodic horizontal mean flow (Simulation A) or an initial z-periodic perturbation of the mean density profile (Simulation B). Both A and B are performed under conditions of moderate and strong stratification and are compared to the non-stratified simulations. Simulation A shows that the turbulence–mean flow interaction is strongly affected by the buoyancy forces. In the absence of a stratification, the mean flow perturbation decays rapidly due to the turbulent diffusion of momentum. When a moderate stratification is applied, the mean flow perturbation decays much more slowly whereas it oscillates and grows with time when the stratification is strong. These results are interpreted by defining a time-dependent eddy viscosity. Whereas the eddy viscosity coefficient has positive values in the non-stratified simulation, it is affected by the buoyancy forces and decreases after a period of order N−1. For large times, the eddy diffusivity oscillates and its time-averaged value over a few turnover timescales is positive but small when the stratification is moderate, and roughly zero when the stratification is strong. These results are interpreted by defining a time-dependent eddy viscosity. Whereas the eddy viscosity coefficient has positive values in the non-stratified simulation, it is affected by the buoyancy forces and decreases after a period of order N−1 in the stratified simulations (where N is the Brunt–Väisälä frequency associated with the background linear stratification). At large time, we find that the eddy viscosity remains roughly zero when the stratification is moderate, whereas it oscillates but remains persistently negative in the strongly stratified case, which causes the horizontal mean flow to accelerate. We conclude that the presence of a stable stratification strongly affects the temporal behaviour of the mean quantities ū and ρ in turbulent flows and partly explains the formation of horizontal layers in stratified geofluids such as oceans and atmospheres.


With the development of Internet and 3G communication systems, the requirement of data transmission is increasing. Multi-Input-Multi-Output (MIMO) as one of the important techniques to improve the capacity of Long Term Evolution (LTE) systems have been widely discussed. However, how to deploy MIMO for indoor scenarios is still a problem which needs to be solved at present. In this paper, dual-path single-polarized antenna and dual-path dual-polarized antenna solutions are analyzed. According to simulation and test results, under appropriate indoor scenarios, the both solutions have good coverage performance and have 56% improvement in capacity performance compared with traditional single-path single-polarized antenna solution.


Currently, fishery by-products are considered as a promising collagen source. The
swim bladder of Indian carp rohu (Labeo rohita) had no commercial value and usually
discarded. The objective of this study was to extract and characterized the pepsin-soluble
collagen (PSC) from the swim bladder of Indian carp rohu. The results indicated that the
yield of PSC was 33.86% on dry weight basis.


In this study, the dynamic changes in human body shape according to movement have been analyzed using three-dimensional scanning system. For this, 12 male subjects were scanned in six postures and the amount of changes in 32 anthropometric measurement items were examined. As for the height items, all items changed in walking pose, and for the length items, the shoulder and chest lengths were affected by arm movement. For circumference items, considerable changes were observed in the chest and waist region according to the movement. A body cross section analysis software has been developed to analyze the change in body shape according to movement in various perspectives. As a result, the chest region was found to be affected by the movement of the arms, the waist region by the movement of the trunk, and hip region was by the movement of the leg.


Emodin, a hydroxy-9,10-anthraquinone, resembles anthracycline anticancer drugs at the core and possesses anticancer activities. A CuII complex of emodin [CuII(emod)2]2− was synthesized and its crystal structure was determined by Rietveld refinement of the PXRD data by using an appropriate structural model based on spectroscopy. This is the third report on the crystal structure of a hydroxy-9,10-anthraquinone with a 3d-transition metal ion. Since the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by anthracycline-based anticancer drugs is important for antitumor activity and given the fact that the generation of ROS is responsible for cardiotoxic side effects, it is essential to be able to control their formation. Complex formation decreases ROS generation and could thereby lead to a decrease in cardiotoxic side effects. However, in an attempt to decrease complications, there is also the possibility of compromising the therapeutic efficacy. For this reason, the activities of emodin and its modified form [Cu(II) complex] were studied on the carcinoma cell lines HeLa and Hep G2 to see how they compared with each other in terms of performance. Studies were also performed on WI 38 lung fibroblast normal cells. The studies revealed that, in spite of the decreased ROS formation, followed by the DCFDA assay, the Cu(II) complex showed better activity on carcinoma cell lines. This suggests that the complex has other attributes that enable it to perform better than emodin. Consequently, one such attribute, namely DNA binding, was thoroughly investigated by varying the ionic strength and the temperature of the medium. It was found that the complex was able to bind DNA better than emodin, and, more importantly, since both generate a good amount of anionic species in solution under increased ionic strength of the medium, both bind DNA better; the increase in binding with increase in ionic strength being higher for the complex. The study suggests that with a substantial decrease in ROS generation by the complex, there are likely to be less toxic side effects, which is a key advantage of the complex, leading to an improvement in the therapeutic index. The complex showed almost no activity on WI 38 normal cells.


Two percent of the dogs with ascites of hepatic insufficiency were recorded. Decline in the values of Hb, PCV, RBCs and increased TLC and prothrombin time were recorded. Hypoproteinemia, hypoalbuminemia with elevated bilirubin and liver enzymes were observed. Abdominal ultrasound revealed anechoic structure with focal and diffused hyper echoic, cirrhosis of liver and gall bladder disorders were recorded. Ascitic fluid was clear/transudate with a few mesothelial cells, lymphocytes, monocytes and neutrophils in most of the ascitic dogs. Decreased serum total protein, albumin and elevated serum ALT, AST, ALP, total bilirubin, prolonged prothrombin time and SAAG was good indicator for diagnosis of ascites due to HBD. Ascitic fluid analysis and serum ascites albumin gradient (SAAG) may be a key indicator for diagnose etiopathogenesis of ascites in dog.


Intelligent learning environments that support constructivism should provide active learning experiences that are customized for individual learners. To do so, they must determine learner intent and detect misconceptions, and this diagnosis must be performed as non-invasively as possible. To this end, we propose the pedagogical design studio, a design-centered framework for learning environment interfaces. Pedagogical design studios provide learners with a rich, direct manipulation design experience. By exploiting an artifact-based task model that preserves a tight mapping between the interface state and design sub-tasks, they non-invasively infer learners' intent and detect misconceptions. The task model is then used to tailor problem presentation, produce a customized musical score, and modulate problem-solving intervention. To explore these notions, we have implemented a pedagogical design studio for a constructivist learning environment that provides instruction to middle school students about botanical anatomy and physiology. Evaluations suggest that the design studio framework constitutes an effective approach to interfaces that support constructivist learning.


By analyzing the reasons of the platform phenomenon, the author puts forward a new activation function (f(x)=0.5sinλx + 0.5)to replace sigmoid function in BP algorithm, which is proven by experiment to effectively control the platformphenomenon that appears in the course of BP algorithm, so as to accelerate the convergence speed.


A bidirectional integrated bus voltage conditioner (IBVC) is proposed for isolated phase shifted full bridge (PSFB) DC-DC converter to improve the DC bus voltage stability in cascaded power converter system. In this method, the load converter is controlled tightly with high control bandwidth. Unlike those separate converter based DC bus voltage stabilization methods with auxiliary switches, multiplexing utilization of the existing full bridge switches on the primary side is adopted for the proposed method. In this strategy, phase shift control and duty cycle regulation have been applied for both legs of PSFB. Control-oriented analysis and IBVC parameter design method are also presented. The proposed method is examined through simulation tests and the results are presented.


The interaction between amyloid peptides and membrane is a broad research topic due to the variety of biological events occurring, such as the membrane disruption related pathogenesis of amyloid diseases or the toxicity of peptide materials. Amyloid peptides have many structural forms, it is therefore important to explore the interactions between the membrane and assemblies of amyloid peptides, and to find ways to control these interactions. Herein, we utilized atomic force microscopy (AFM) and circular dichroism spectra to explore the modulating effect of Graphene Oxide (GO) on amyloid peptide assembly. In addition, the interaction between liposome samples and amyloid peptide assembly modulated by GO was investigated. It is achieved that the membrane disruption of amyloid peptide aggregates can be fine-tuned by tweaking the GO concentration. The findings in this work provide a better understanding of amyloid peptide and membrane interactions and how it can be tuned.


Tea and some plants that are used as tea are used to drinking for a long time in south china,Usneu fus- combens Mot.is one of the plants used to drinking.The chemical components of Usnea fuscorubens have different physio -activities and the pigment is one of the components.In this paper,the technology of extracting pigment with boiling water and purifying pigment with macroreticular resins and the physical and chemical properties of the pigment from Usnea fuscorubens were studied.By testing the spectrum propelrties of the pigment,the effect of pH,temperature,illumination, different metal ions and food additive on stability of the pigment were assayed.The results showed that the pigment was red pigment that can melt in water,different causes may make different effete on the pigment stability.As a natural red pigment can be used in food.and medicines.


Millet has established that the Greek church-builders were in a large measure independent of their contemporaries in the imperial capital. The independent Greek School whose limits he sought to trace reached the peak of its achievement in the two centuries prior to the Latin occupation, and most of the Byzantine churches in Central Greece and the Peloponnesus belong to this period. Millet's approach to these Middle-Byzantine churches was retrospective, his starting-point being Mistra, capital of the restored imperial province. He was interested in the Greek tradition less for its own sake than for its contribution to the later architecture of the last Byzantine 'Renaissance.' While he has endeavoured to resolve the problems which the origins of certain of its characteristic features present, and to gauge its legacy to Arta and Mistra, he has treated more summarily the development within the limits of the eleventh and twelfth centuries.


The phenomenon of the COVID-19 pandemic motivates this research, as it shifts people's lifestyles to a cashless society, resulting in an increase in e-banking growth during the pandemic period. The goal of this study is to see how perceived benefits, trust, and personal attitude affect interest in using BSI e-banking during the COVID-19 pandemic. This research method employs quantitative methods as well as sampling techniques with secondary objectives. This study was conducted in Kudus city, with respondents being BSI e-banking users. The data was gathered through the use of a questionnaire, which was distributed to 96 respondents. The findings revealed that during the COVID-19 pandemic, the benefit perceptions, trust, and personal attitude all had a positive and significant effect on interest in using e-banking. Because the COVID-19 pandemic has not yet ended, e-banking will continue in the future. So, service providers like BSI must increase these deciding factors to encourage long-term use. They can do this by making users happier with the benefits of the product and by showing high integrity to build trust. This will give users a good attitude that makes them want to keep using the product


Wulandele plulon is a large-scale complex massif generated by twice magmatism.The complex massif is made up of biotite-granite and biotite-monzogranite,aged in 140±2 Ma and 161±1 Ma,respectively.The biotite-granite reflects highly fractionated characteristics geochemically.While the biotite-monzogranite implies low Sr and high Yb in geochemical characteristics.Geochemical data suggest that the biotite-monzogranite are A-type granites,which tectonic setting was are mainly dominated by the extensional system.


We analyze the problem that how to select the best supplier and how to determine the fraction of revenue shared by the retailer.The supplier's capacity cost is the supplier's private information and these costs are independent identity distribution variables.The supplier adopts the consignment policy to replenish the product,and the retailer bears the holding cost.In order to identify the supplier with the lowest cost,the retailer proposes a consignment contract that specifies the revenue sharing ratio as a function on the supplier's capacity cost and auctions the contract among the suppliers.The supplier evaluates the supply chance with his own capacity cost bid with his evaluation.The lowest capacity cost will propose the highest bidding and win the contract.The mechanism can help the retailer to determine the best supplier and the ratio simultaneously and give an explanation of the entrance fee in practice.At the last,we give a numerical and sensitive analysis.


Export and investment are considered important parts of the macro variables that affect economic growth. The purpose of this study in long-term perspective is to analyze the dynamic behavior of export and investment and the movement direction of causality between exports and investment in the province of Maluku. Data used in this research is secondary data, the period of 1990-2009. Estimation methods used in this study is Granger Causality Test, Vector Autoregressive (VAR). Results show that based on Granger causality test there is one-way direction from investment variable to the export of fisheries at lag 1-4, and at lag 5 occurring in two-way relationship between two variables in the model. This proves that investment is a very good instrument to stimulate the expansion of fisheries exports sector towards economic openness. Dynamic behavior of the movement of exports and investment shows that there are reciprocal relationships between export and investment the results. It provides evidence that IRF shocks/innovations of the investment variables have a direct impact on exports and vice versa. This means that if export variable decreases, the investment variable also decreases. On the contrary, when export variable increases, the investment variable also increases. Yet, the Cholesky decomposition results show that shocks on fishery exports can be explained either by itself or investment. It indicates that variable of investment give better dynamic responses and more dominant compared to export variable.


The effectiveness of Satisfiability (SAT)-based Bounded Model Checking (BMC) critically relies on the deductive power of the BMC instance. Although implication relationships have been used to help SAT solver to make more deductions, too many such implications would result in a large number of clauses and potentially degrade the underlying SAT solver performance. In this paper, we have formulated clause selection as a set-cover problem. Secondly, we have proposed a novel greedy strategy for optimal selection of static logic clauses. This technique maximizes the number of literals that can be deduced by the SAT solver during the Boolean Constraint Propagation (BCP) operation. Our strategy improves BMC by 1.74x against the case where all extended implications were added to the BMC instance. Compared with the original BMC without any implications, up to 55.32x speedup can be achieved.


The invention belongs to the technical field of a macromolecular function material, and particularly relates to a novel narrow-distributed/high-purity dobby polyethylene glycol formed by using polyhydric alcohol glyceryl ether as initiator to polymerize ethylene oxide, and its active derivative. The dobby polyethylene glycol has a structure of a general formula II, wherein B is polyhydric alcohol group and n is integer from 3 to 22; PEG is the same or different -(OCH2CH2)m-, the mean value of m is integer ranged from 3 to 250; number-average molecular weight of the dobby polyethylene glycol is 1500-80000. The invention further provides gel formed by active derivative of the narrow-distributed/high-purity dobby polyethylene glycol, a drug composition formed by the gel and the drug molecule and its application in drug preparation.


The benefits associated with the consumption of red wine due to its rich pool of phenolic compounds are well-recognized, thanks to the antioxidant activity related to these kinds of molecules. However, wine drinking should be done in moderation, or is forbidden for some populations for ethnic or religious reasons. One way to still enjoy the advantages of red wine is to use its dry extract. In order to test the ability of the red wine dry extract to reveal its antioxidant activity, it was solubilized in water to produce water-in-oil (W/O) emulsions based on olive oil. After the selection of the right emulsion composition, kinetics of oil oxidation were carried out in oil and emulsions in the presence of an increasing amount of red wine extract, whose presence influenced the rate of oxidation by slowing it down. This behavior was confirmed by monitoring the oxidation reaction in two ways; i.e., with the classical method that consists of the determination of the peroxide value, and with an accelerated test making use of 2,2′-azobis(2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile) (AMVN) and diphenyl1-pyrenylphosphine (DPPP). The first is a molecule that triggers the reaction at 40 °C, and the other is a molecule that by reacting with hydroperoxides becomes fluorescent (DPPP=O). Moreover, by comparing the emulsion structures observed by optical microscopy, no differences in the size of the dispersed aqueous phase were detected with the increase of the wine dry extract, which is an aspect that confirmed that the antioxidant activity was directly proportional to the wine extract concentration, and thus to the phenolic content.


Note presenting an evaluation of the rotating method for the measurement of droplet-size distribution, volume-median droplet size, and liquid-water content in clouds, which showed that small uncertainties in basic data eliminate the distinction between cloud droplet-size distributions and are a source of large errors in the determination of the droplet size. Matching curves for obtaining droplet-size distribution, volume-median droplet size, and liquid-water content from flight data were computed from the results of the droplet-trajectory calculations.


We present ground-state calculations for laterally coupled quantum dots containing 2, 4, and 8 electrons. As our emphasis is on spin effects our results are obtained by applying spin-density functional theory (SDFT). By varying the distance between the centers of the coupled quantum dots, the transition from weak to strong coupling situation is realized. For the 2-electron system we also apply the Heitler-London approximation and analytical concepts to check the reliability of SDFT calculations in this case. In addition we discuss the features of the Coulomb staircase of laterally coupled quantum dots in the weak and strong coupling regimes in comparison to that of a circular parabolic quantum dot.


CHAPTER I . INTRODUCTION................................................. 1 I I . HISTORICAL P A R T .............................................................................. 2 I I I . DISCUSSION...................................................................................................l 4 IV. EXPERIMENTAL P A R T ............................................................................... 42 A. P r e p a r a t i o n o f T r i b e n z a m i d e ...............................................42 B. R e a c t i o n o f T r ib en zam id e and G r ig n a r d R e a g e n t s ............................................................................................43 C. R e d u c t io n o f T r i b e n z a m i d e ..........................................43 D. A l c o h o l y s i s o f T r ib en zam id e ..................................... 48 E. R e a c t i o n o f T r ibenzam ide and Diazomethane . . 48 F . R e a c t i o n o f T r ibenzam ide and S u l f u r i c a c i d . . 49 G. B ro m in a t io n o f T r i b e n z a m i d e ............................................50 H. P y r o l y s i s o f T r ib en zam id e .......................................... 50 I . F r i e d e l and C r a f t s R e a c t i o n ...................................... 51 J . R e a c t i o n o f T r ibenzam ide and M ethy l I o d i d e . . 51 K. R e a c t i o n o f T r ib en zam id e and A m i n e s ..................52 L. R e a c t i o n o f T r ibenzam ide and P h e n y l h y d r a z i n e . 53 M. Ammonolysis o f T r i b e n z a m i d e ............................................53 N. R e a c t i o n o f T r ib en zam id e w i t h Benzoyl C h l o r i d e ............................................................................................ 5^ Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.


This patent describes a method for producing films of superconductor materials. It comprises: forming a solution from the neodecanoates of europium, barium, and copper metals, the metals form an oxide mixture exhibiting superconductive properties, the solution comprises a solvent having at least approximately 10 volume percent pyridine in xylene; depositing a film of the solution onto a substrate, the substrate selected from the group consisting of strontium titanate, barium titanate, and sapphire; pyrolyzing the film in an oxygen-containing environment at a first temperature of approximately 500{degrees}C. for up to approximately 5 minutes and heating the oxide film at a second temperature ranging between about 850{degrees}C. and 1000{degrees}C. for a duration of up to approximately 2 minutes.


An inelastic neutron scattering study was performed on a Zn-substituted spin-1/2 Heisenberg 2-leg ladder compound Sr(Cu 1- x Zn x ) 2 O 3 ( x ≤0.04) to investigate nonmagnetic impurity effects on the quantum spin system with a large spin gap of approximately ∼400 K. The magnitude of the spin gap was found to be independent of Zn concentration, 33 meV, while the integrated magnetic scattering, which corresponds to the singlet-triplet excitation, decreased monotonically with increasing x . On account of the total-sum rule, this result supports the existence of a finite in-gap density of states at E = 0, which was suggested from the T -linear magnetic specific heat.


Simon I. Hay, Jonathan Cox, David J. Rogers, Sarah E. Randolph, David I. Stern, G. Dennis Shanks, Monica F. Myers, and Robert W. Snow TALA Research Group, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PS, U.K.; Kenya Medical Research Institute/Wellcome Trust Collaborative Programme, P.O. Box 43640, Nairobi, Kenya; Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, U.K.; Oxford Tick Research Group, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PS, U.K.; Centre for Resource and Environmental Studies, The Australian National University, Canberra ACT 0200, Australia; US Army Medical Research Unit – Kenya, Box 30137, Nairobi, Kenya; Decision Systems Technologies, Inc. (DSTI), 1700 Research Boulevard, Suite 200, Rockville, MD 200850; Centre for Tropical Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DU, U.K.


This paper investigates the influence of geometric design variables on the machine's characteristics of low voltage permanent magnet synchronous motor for in-wheel direct-drive application. On the base of finite-element-analysis, sensitivity analysis has be performed to improve the torque density and the efficiency. The effect of different slot/pole combinations on the machine's characteristics has been investigated, taking the AC copper losses into account.


The effect of niobium doping on the microstructure, hysteresis, and piezoelectric properties of PLZT (lead lanthanum zirconate titanate) (5/65/35) ceramics is investigated. Saturation polarization is obtained with 0.5 mole.% Nb added. Nb doping inhibits the grain growth. The room-temperature dielectric constant increases and the ferroelectric Curie temperature decreases with Nb content. Optimum piezoelectric coefficients are also obtained with 0.5 mole.% Nb added.<<ETX>>


The preset paper is an attempt to see whether traditional Arab Linguists knew implicatures in general and specifically generalized quantity implicatures of the type known as "scalar" in modern pragmatic literature. These notions are associated with scholars such as Grice, Horn, Levinson and Hirschberg in modern pragmatics. In part I of this paper, the researcher gives a brief survey of the main aspects of the phenomenon: definition, types, examples, debates and different accounts of the notion as they appeared in modern pragmatic literature. Part II of the study is an investigation into the question about whether these phenomena have a longer history than is recognized in the literature, and whether medieval Arab linguists had known them centuries before their western counterparts. Instead of putting words into the mouths of traditional Arab linguist the researcher adopted the method of quoting? them and letting them speak for themselves. Of course, some commentaries and explanations were necessary to contextualize the quotations and help the reader to understand them. Comparisons between the traditional Arabic and modern western concepts showed striking similarities between the two. The Arabic traditional concept of "Mafhoom" is the forerunner of the modern pragmatic concept of generalized quantity implicature.


This 'Perspectives' paper identifies aspects of tiger shark (Galeocerdo cuvier) biology that are currently unknown or for which additional data are needed to improve interpretive power. Some of these data gaps may be regional. Technical or methodological approaches to acquiring these data are suggested. Some of these technologies already exist, some are in development and some exist in concept only. Reproductive biology and behavior, social interactions and the behavioral ecology of sub-adults are among the areas identified as deserving of future research effort


The object of this article is the methodology of psycholinguistics concerning analyzing concepts. The article's relevance is due to the need to apply new approaches to linguistic phenomena analysis, for which a purely linguistic methodology is not enough. The compilation method, a comparative method, and a linguistic modeling method are utilized to fulfill the study's aim. The author describes in detail the research gaps that exist at the moment in psycholinguistics, in particular, the structure of the relationship between sensory, short-term and long-term memory is still not fully defined, and therefore the basis for a deep analysis of conceptualization is not fully clear. The author concludes that the psycholinguistic methodology has the greatest explanatory power concerning the cognitive process of conceptualization. At the same time, in the case of comparative analysis of various linguistic cultures, the need for additional use of the conceptual and methodological apparatus of cultural studies and ethnology is actualized.


The present invention belongs to the technical field AVQC grid, characterized in that the Jacobian matrix is formed according to the given system parameters and the respective network node power bus voltages, currents, active and reactive power Found obtains the actual total active loss value; the total minimum power loss and then the objective function constructed from the state and control variables of the target composition, to obtain the minimum total system power loss; then the actual value of the total power loss of the system and optimization of the total power loss minimum value forming discrete logic event, when the actual total power loss value is greater than the optimized minimum total power loss value W times, this time to solve the optimization of the generator voltage value of each node obtained objective function, a voltage value of the reactive power compensation node and varying the ratio of load tap as the control command output, to adjust the parameter of the node. The invention ensures that the voltage while improving the quality of economic operation.


X-ray diffuse scattering due to the orientational disorder of NO 3 - ions in cubic phase of NH 4 NO 3 is investigated with photographic and counter methods. It is found that the observed disklike diffuse maxima are explained by 12-orientation model. Matsubara's theory is applied to the analysis and a local order defined by five parameters is determined. The local order slightly deviates from what is expected from an idea of the atomic packing. The configurational entropy is calculated from five parameters by the method of Y. Takagi and the result is not incompatible with the calorimetric measurement.


Since the 1990 s,ontology is widely used in artificial intelligence,knowledge engineering and other fields,and has aroused great concern in library and Information field. Digtial Library knowkedge organization in ontology- based model shows a new space to the konwledge organization which based on semantic,and lay a foundation for the semantization and intellectualization of information services. This article introduces the formalized model,concepts,functions and character of ontology,analyzes the shortage of ontology in digital library knowledge organization,and put forward the ontology- based knowledge organizating model and procedure.


This paper aims to reflect on the role that art can play in religious initiation through its ability to give visibility to spiritual search. By articulating the concepts of language and tradition, it reflects on the ways in which religious culture is transmitted and renewed. It also focuses on the relationship between art, spirituality and religion


BACKGROUND Diabetes is known to be a major contributor to blindness in industrialized countries in adults. In addition to glycemic control, arterial hypertension is emerging as important factor in the development and progression of diabetic retinopathy. AIM OF THE STUDY This review describes the epidemiologic studies that explored the relationships between hypertension and diabetic retinopathy and the potential pathogenetic mechanisms underlying this association. Finally the effects of antihypertensive treatment in primary and secondary prevention of diabetic retinopathy are discussed. CONCLUSIONS The understanding of the pathogenetic mechanisms and risk factors is crucial to establish effective preventive and treatment strategies.


With the sharp recent rise in well drilling and particularly well stimulation costs, some are concerned that much of the unconventional gas resource in the U.S. is becoming uneconomic. Concerns about the economic viability of unconventional gas have been raised since the initial pursuit of this resource, sometimes rightly so. However, in our view, improvement in the unconventional gas knowledge base and technology progress using industry/government partnerships can maintain the economic viability of this large, often marginally productive resource. Past reservoir characterization methods and traditional means of linking a wellbore to the low permeability unconventional gas reservoir are no longer sufficient. As such, the discussion of the economic viability of unconventional gas is as much a story of technological advance and the pursuit of efficiency, as introduced in the third and fourth articles in this series, as it is a story of costs, financial risks and wellhead prices.


Event anaphora resolution plays a critical role in discourse analysis. Th is paper focuses on improving event pronoun resolution using both loca l and global semantic information. In particular, a predicate -argument structure is proposed to represent the local semantic informati on about an event while the global semantic information is represented b y the entity coreference chains related with vario us arguments in the predicate-argument structure to complement its locality. Evaluation on the OntoNotes English corpus shows the effectiveness of local and global semantic information for event pronoun resolution.


In India, seats are reserved for historically disadvantaged groups (Scheduled Castes (SC), and Scheduled Tribes (ST)) in federal or state legislative assemblies and for both historically disadvantaged groups at all levels of the Panchayat system, the system of decentralized decision making. The tribal population in the State of Andhra Pradesh, and in the country as a whole, is the most deprived and vulnerable community that faces severe economic exclusion. Although certain constitutional safeguards are provided, no significant economic, social and political mobility has taken place across this community. Contrary to Scheduled Castes and other Backward Castes who witnessed certain degrees of progress because of protective discrimination policies of the government, the Scheduled Tribes remain abysmally backward and socially excluded, still living in harsh environs. Our paper on "Political Economy of Tribal Development: A Case Study of Andhra Pradesh", delineates the situation of the Scheduled Tribes in the background of various policies of the state during the successive plan periods and its impact on their socio-economic mobility. Politically, this community is the most voiceless in the state.


The present paper reports observations on some aspects regarding the dependence of the transition Reynolds number and flow development on the inlet flow conditions and the entrance length in circular and rectangular ducts for Re m ≤ 106 × 10 3 , where Re m is the Reynolds number based on the bulk fiow velocity (U b ) and the duct integral length scale (D). The hot-wire anemometer was used to carry out measurements close to the circular duct exit; however, the laser-Doppler anemometry was utilized for the rectangular duct measurements. Particular considerations were given to the bulk flow velocity, the mean-velocity profile, the centerline-average-velocity, and the centerline turbulence statistics to the fourth order. Transition criteria in both ducts were discussed, reflecting effects of flow geometry, entrance flow conditions, and entrance length on the transition Reynolds number. A laminar behavior was maintained up to Re m ≈ 15.4 × 10 3 and Re m ≈2 × 10 3 in the circular and rectangular ducts, respectively, and the transition was observed to take place at different downstream positions as the inlet flow velocity varied.


Water clusters, (H2O) n , of varying sizes (n = 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32, 36, and 40) have been studied at different temperatures from 0 to 200 K using molecular dynamics simulations. Transitions between solid and liquid phases were investigated to estimate the melting temperature of the clusters. Although the melting temperatures showed non-monotonic behaviour as a function of cluster size, their general tendency follows the classical relationship T m ∝ n −1/3 to the cluster size n. Moreover, it was observed that the liquid-solid surface tension decreased with the cluster size in a similar way to the liquid-vapour surface tension in bulk water. Upon cooling, ice-like crystals were formed from the smaller clusters with n up to 20, while the larger clusters were transformed to glassy structures. The decrease in the glass transition temperature with the cluster size was observed to be much less than the corresponding melting temperature. The mutual order of the melting and glass-transition temperatures were found to be reversed compared with that observed for bulk water.


The consumption and injecting of illicit drugs is increasing around the world involving at least 15 million people in over 130 countries. Patterns of production consumption and administration have changed rapidly since the early 1990s and continue to change rapidly. Countries where the biggest changes are occurring involving the biggest populations are in the developing world especially in South and South-East Asia and in Latin America. Many western countries experienced epidemics of heroin injecting beginning in the late 1960s and these have continued. Many Asian countries began to experience such epidemics in the late 1980s and this trend is continuing across Asia into the new millennium. Changes from the smoking of opium to the injecting of heroin have come about with changing distribution routes changes in the purity of available drugs and the introduction of injecting as a route of administration. The injecting of drugs is now a problem in over 130 countries worldwide with an estimated 15 million people regularly injecting drugs globally; over 110 of these countries have reported HIV infection among these injecting drug users (IDUs). (excerpt)


Disclosed is horizontal barrel rolling type aerobic fermentation equipment with a heat exchange function. A horizontal barrel fermentation tank is supported by a riding wheel set, bearings are mounted at the left end and the right end of the barrel fermentation tank, the barrel fermentation tank is connected with left and right side sealing covers via bearing outer rings and bearing inner rings, the fermentation tank, the bearings and the sealing covers form a closed space, a spiral feeder and an exhaust tube are mounted on the left side sealing cover, a spiral discharger and an air inlet tube are mounted on the right side sealing cover, a coaxial cylindrical heat exchange water jacket is arranged on the outside of the barrel fermentation tank, a motor, a coupler, a speed reducer and a pinion are successively connected, and the pinion is meshed with an outer gear ring on the barrel fermentation tank. The horizontal barrel rolling type aerobic fermentation equipment is small in occupied area, is not affected by environmental factors and low temperature conditions, is high in fermentation efficiency, does not cause secondary pollution, is low in moisture of products, realizes reduction, harmless and resource treatment of excrement, and is free of bad smell and heat discharge and fine in environmental protection effect, and the products can be commercially sold as high-quality organic fertilizers.


Endemic hospital methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) remains a cause of significant morbidity and mortality. However, there is no universal consensus on optimal control measures. MRSA screening has been reported as a successful intervention but generally in association with a raft of other measures. Improved hand hygiene, antibiotic stewardship and the availability of isolation facilities are considered to be basic components in MRSA control. Targeted screening of high risk patients is likely to be useful for MRSA control but only if results are available in a timely manner and with resources that allow appropriate response to positive results.


The adductive crystallization is an effective method of purifying aromatic dicarboxylic acids.In this paper crystallizations of three phthalic acids(tere-,ortho-,iso-) in six organic solvents were investigated by spectrophotometries,TGA and XRD,respectively.The results show that,for terephthalic acid(TA),three of its crystallization products in six solvents are normal TA crystals,while the other three are the adducts that containing both TA and solvent in crystals,and among them only TA-dimethyl acetylamide(DMAC) and TA-N-methyl pyrrolidone(NMP) adducts exhibit a high selectivity to TA.XRD shows that,in the adduct crystals,each TA molecule connects two solvent molecules tied by O-H...O hydrogen-bonding.Crystallizations of tere-,ortho-,iso-phthalic acids in DMAC demonstrate different behaviors,that both TA and IPA can form adducts with DMAC,while OPA could not.The reason can be explained by the different roles of hydrogen-bonds,that the joint force between TA/IPA and solvents is the inter-molecule hydrogen-bonding which is stronger than the joint force between OPA and DMAC because OPA has an intra-molecule hydrogen-bond which results in weakening the joint force with solvents and therefore could not form a steady adduct with solvents.


PURPOSE: An image data transmission method, display apparatus using the same, and display method thereof are provided to enable a display apparatus received a rotated image to correctly express received image by including an image output unit that is able to rotate an image. CONSTITUTION: An image output unit(140) is possible to rotate an image. An image recording unit(160) prepares in an image output unit. The image recording unit records a subject. A communications unit(190) is connected to an external display apparatus in order to communicate with a display apparatus. A control unit transmits rotation information of the image output unit and an image recorded by the image recording unit through the communications unit to the external display device.


PURPOSE: An inspecting device using an X-ray is provided to rapidly and precisely observe the inside an object without dismantling the exterior, and to easily figure out an optimum inspection condition depending on an object. CONSTITUTION: An inspecting device using an X-ray comprises frames(110), a placing plate(120), and an X-ray irradiation part(130). The frames comprises an upper frame(111), a lower frame(112), and a plate(113) arranged between the upper and lower frames. The placing plate is formed in the center of the plate, and has a stage(121). The X-ray irradiation part is formed inside the lower frame, and has an irradiating unit(131) for irradiating x-rays to an object.


In this article we describe the principle of computations of optimal transfers between quasi-Keplerian orbits in the Earth-Moon system using low-propulsion. The spacecraft's motion is modelled by the equations of the control restricted 3-body problem and we base our work on previous studies concerning the orbit transfer in the two-body problem where geometric and numeric methods were developed to compute optimal solutions. Using numerical simple shooting and continuation methods connected with fundamental results from control theory, such as the Pontryagin Maxium Principle and the second order optimality conditions related to the concept of conjugate points, we compute time-minimal and energy-minimal trajectories between the geostationary initial orbit and a final circular orbit around the Moon, passing through the neighborhood of the libration point $L_1$. Our computations give simple trajectories, obtained by referring to numerical values of the SMART-1 mission.


The Theory of SecularizationThe theory of secularization involves three basic claims about the relationship between modernity and religion. First, it argues that modernity removes religion from the social-foundational role that it played during pre-modernity and forces religion to become but one sphere of endeavor among others (e.g., science, politics, and economics). Second, it contends that the cultural, political, and intellectual influence of religion will dwindle as the forces of modernity advance. And third, secularization theory claims that, whatever influence modern religion retains will be increasingly resigned to the private sphere (Casanova 19-20). Advocates of secularization theory generali)' locate these dynamics within a broader narrative perspective, arguing, for example, that religion initially arose as a way of coping with the ignorance and powerlessness that plagued early human existence, but must now be abandoned in order for humanity to follow the more mature path of secular modernity (see, for example, Dennett).The theory of secularization was originally advanced by Enlightenment thinkers who felt that modern Europe was the pinnacle of human civilization and that the rest of humanity would become more like Europeans as it continued to advance (Comte; Hume). This theory was later systematized and refined by the likes of Emile Durkheim and Max Weber, two founding fathers of modern social science (Durkheim; Hughey). It achieved a paradigmatic status within modern social science during the first twothirds of the twentieth century, when numerous states began aggressively curtailing religion's ability to influence the public sphere throughout the world.1 Even those who did not predict religion's marginalization and decline were influenced by secularization theory, as academic methods increasingly demanded that apparently religious forces be reduced to a conjunction of cultural, ethical, political, psychological, and economic concerns (Philpott).However, secularization theory has fallen on hard times in recent decades. This shift has been primarily stimulated by a recognition of the central role that religious considerations have played in a number of prominent instances of political conflict and revolution (e.g., the Six Day War between Israel and Egypt, the Iranian revolution, the development of Hindu nationalism in India and Buddhist nationalism in Sri Lanka, the role of Catholicism in overthrowing communism in Eastern Europe, religious nonviolent civil disobedience movements, the rise of Evangelical politics in the United States, and the attacks of 9/ll). Recent demographic studies have also been significant, showing that the overwhelming majority of the world's population remains just as religious as ever before, if not more so. For example, the World Values Survey, carried out across fifty-six countries form the 1980s to the early 2000s, found that levels of religious belief increased from 80% to 83% of the world's population during this period. The only region where levels decreased was Western Europe, and still only from 81% to 78%. Levels of religious belief alternately increased in Eastern Europe from 68% to 78%, while the percentage of Chinese who cited "religion" as a major influence in their life grew from 22% to 36% (Philpott 191). Other studies have undermined the idea that modernity and religion are somehow at odds by showing how religion has played an important role in encouraging many non-Western peoples to accept modern science, modern medicine, and democratic politics (Micklethwait and Wooldridge; van der Veer). Indeed, the theory of secularization has been challenged in so many ways that numerous prominent thinkers are beginning to claim that it has been falsified outright (Berger; Dreyfus and Kelly; Taylor, A Secular Age).Nevertheless, researchers have not yet reached consensus about how to alternately narrate religious history. Certainly, it is clear that religion has evolved from its tribal beginnings through the archaic, axial, and medieval periods, up into modernity and the current global age. …


This study aims at showing the premises and the main issues which may contribute to managing and rationalizing after revolution. In order to attain this Goal, the study focused on the appearances of disturbance, the forces which can undermine rationalization efforts, life course of revolution and its impact on managing after revolution, and the direction which restricts rationalization processes.
The study shows that, Rising expectation of populace, breaking social rules and meanings, disorder of social identity, absence of security and regulation, and economical recession, are appearances of disturbance which challenge after revolution rationalization. Then, the study revealed that the most important forces which hinders after revolution rationalization are: counterrevolution, and the interactive states with revolution.
After that, the study revealed that taking into account the life course of revolution and its structural phases contributes to dealing with the deep defects which invokes revolution, managing hopes and ambitions of people and revolutionaries, The societal composition of society, distributive Justice, Inner and outsider interactions of revolution, and the range of violence, and the security policy needed.
Besides, the study showed that a rationalization of after revolution proceeding from formal institutions of state and economy to symbolic culture of resolution which reflects its identity and values. The course of rationalization should secure, preventing political hegemony return back, applying social justice, and civil rights and liberties.


We generalize the concept of enlargeable to closed topology manifolds and then show that the connected sum of a closed manifold $M^n (n \leq 8)$ which admits locally CAT(0)-metric with an arbitrarily equal-dimensional closed manifold carries no Riemannian metrics with positive scalar curvature.


Aluminum Oxynitride (ALON® Transparent Ceramic) and Magnesia Aluminate Spinel (Spinel) combine broadband transparency with excellent mechanical properties. Their cubic structure means that they are transparent in their polycrystalline form, allowing them to be manufactured by conventional powder processing techniques. Surmet has scaled up its ALON® production capability to produce and deliver windows as large as 4.4 sq ft. We have also produced our first 6 sq ft window. We are in the process of producing 7 sq ft ALON® window blanks for armor applications; and scale up to even larger, high optical quality blanks for Recce window applications is underway. Surmet also produces spinel for customers that require superior transmission at the longer wavelengths in the mid wave infra-red (MWIR). Spinel windows have been limited to smaller sizes than have been achieved with ALON. To date the largest spinel window produced is 11x18-in, and windows 14x20-in size are currently in process. Surmet is now scaling up its spinel processing capability to produce high quality window blanks as large as 19x27-in for sensor applications.


Requirements Engineering is an important part of software development processes. Business process models are widely used for the specification of software. Hence, the quality of the software depends on the quality of the process models. Validation of these semi-formal models against informal requirements has to be done manually. In contrast, formal requirements can be used for automatic validation and verification of process models. However, there is a gap between textual formal specification languages and graphical process models. In this contribution we present the Business Application Modeler (BAM). This is a modeling and Validation and Verification (V&V) tool, that reduces this gap by integrating formal, graphical and reusable requirement specifications into the modeling workflow. Furthermore, BAM provides the definition of customizable views on the models (MultiView), that reduce modeling complexity and allow the assignment of responsibilities. We further show how BAM integrates into a common requirements engineering process.


Previous work has introduced the Planning Coordinator (PCOORD) , a coordinator functioning within the hierarchy of the Intelligent Machine Model. Within the structure of the Planning Coordinator resides the Primitive Structure Database (PSDB) functioning to provide the primitive structures utilized by the Planning Coordinator in the establishing of error recovery or on-line path plans. The followingfurther explores the Primitive Structure Database and establishes the potential of utilizing Semantic Networks as a means of efficiently storing and retrieving the Generalized Stochastic Colored Petri Nets from which the error recovery plans are derived.


Titanium nitride (TiN) coatings were obtained on the surface of 12Kh18N10T steel by air plasma spraying (APS) of TiN powders using an arc plasmatron made by the authors. The plasmatron has a node of circular input and gas-dynamic focusing of the powder and the output apertures of the nozzle-anode are made in the form of rectangular narrowing-expanding channels (No.34334 RK: IPC H05H 1/42). A study of operation modes of a plasmatron for spraying of powder coatings was carried out. The structural-phase state, microhardness and wear resistance of TiN coatings were systematically investigated. The optimum APS operating mode for deposition of TiN powder was determined: current 250 A, voltage 68 V, argon gas flow 34 L/min, spraying distance 150 mm. To reduce the oxidation of TiN powder in the APS process, a method of creating a nitrogen environment at the outlet of the anode nozzle, nitrogen flow rate 2.3 bar was used. The results of structural analysis showed that TiN is the main phase of the coating. The mechanism of formation of TiN structures was characterized by analyzing SEM results of TiN coating surface morphology and TiN droplets sprayed on the surface of the sample. The results showed that the TiN(1) coating has better wear resistance than the TiN(2) and TiN(3) coatings. The cross-sectional and longitudinal microhardness of the TiN coating was investigated. The highest cross-sectional hardness of TiN coating is 1250 HV0.1, which is in accordance with mode 1.


Novel germylenes [{Me3SiNC(Ph)NSiMe3}GeX] (X = Cl, Br, I) and [{Me3SiNC(Ph)NSiMe3}2Ge] with the bidentate phenylamidinato ligand have been synthesized in high yields by a salt metathesis reaction between Cl2Ge·dioxane or I2Ge and the lithium salt of the ligand. They were characterized by 1H and 13C NMR and mass spectrometry and single-crystal X-ray structure analyses, which confirmed N-chelation and a three-coordinate germanium center. The cycloaddition reactions with o-quinone led to cycloadducts, whose structures were determined by X-ray analyses. The chelation of the ligand to the metal center was conserved, affording penta- and hexacoordinated germanium(IV) atoms. Complexation reactions with [codW(CO)4] and [nbdMo(CO)4] resulted in trinuclear bis(germanium(II)) transition-metal complexes in "trans" octahedral geometry.


The rf-generators for the two 108 MHz Alvarez tanks of the Unilac poststripper structure were originally designed for 1.6 MW peak power at 25 % dutycycle and 50 Hz. This power level was based on the assumption of an average charge state of 25+ for Uranium after stripping in gas at 1.4 MeV/u and, in addition, on a rather conservative estimate for the power losses of the anticipated tanks. Both the estimates of the power losses and the extrapolated charge state turned out to be too cautious (e.g; measured mean charge state is 28~) so that a oeak Dower of about 1.1 MW is sufficient for cperation instead.


[Objective] To investigate the methods for improvement of long-term survival rate, kidney salvage rate, and survival life quality of children with Wilm's tumor (WT).[Methods] Two hundred and sixty-one cases of WT were divided into A and B groups based on the different diagnosis and treatment protocol.[Results]Patients of stage 1 (FH and UH), stageⅡ(FH), and stageⅤwere put into WT salvage procedure and the nephrectomy rate was reduced from 19.1% (Group AⅠ-Ⅳ) and 50% (stage Ⅴ) to 10% and 30%, respectively. In group A, diagnosis for WT briefly depended on X-ray study or ultrasonic exam and treatment almost relied on surgical procedure while chemotherapy and radiotherapy were irregular and incomplete. In group B, histological and cellular study as well as clinical staging were emphasized for the diagnosis, and managements was based on the diagnosis and staging individually. Out-comes of group B were improved in long-term survival rate, kidney salvage rate, complications, and survival life quality compared with group A.[Conclusions] Kidney salvage procedure was helpful to WT patients in life quality. Histological and cellular study for pathological diagnosis as well as clinical staging were very important to the kidney salvage procedure of Wilm's tumor.


This study was designed to find out the anxiety levels of the mothers in relation to birth status of the babies and anxiety in relation to age of the mothers. The sample consisted mothers of 25 premature born babies and mothers of 25 normal born babies. They were given by the Bengali version of "Dutt Personality Inventory" to answer. Data were analyzed by t-test, chi-square and product moment correlation. The results revealed that t-ratio (-3.101, df = 48, p<0.05) was significant, i.e. the mothers of premature born babies were more anxious than the mothers of normal born babies. The results also indicated that the value of chi-square (chi-square = 6.894, df = 2, p<0.05) was also significant. The significant correlation (r = -0.335 at the 0.05 level) was found between the age of mothers and the anxiety score of mothers. Nevertheless, the child status of mothers was a dominating factor or component to influence the correlation. The results manifested that significant difference was found between mothers of premature born babies and mothers of normal born babies regarding their anxiety level. Mothers of premature born babies had possessed more anxiety compare to mothers of normal born babies. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cujbs.v4i1.13397 The Chittagong Univ. J. B. Sci.,Vol. 4(1&2):131-140, 2009


It has been demonstrated that relatively low intensity ultrasound in combination with microbubbles is capable of inducing a vascular shutdown in preclinical tumor models, and that this can lead to growth inhibition. In previous reports we have shown that this effect can be coupled with anticancer agents to achieve potent antitumor effects, by a means that is not linked to increases in drug uptake. Work to date has been conducted with commercial agents such as Definity or experimental formulations with bubble size distributions designed for resonance at the exposure frequencies employed (0.5-3 MHz). Here we investigate the potential of an experimental agent comprised of micron to submicron sized bubbles to induce antivascular effects in tumors. Experiments were conducted with KHT sarcoma tumors initiated intramuscularly in the hind legs of C3H mice and grown to approximately 200 mm3 in size. Control and treated groups were evaluated (n=5-6/ group), with ultrasound exposures conducted at 1 MHz with a peak negative pressure of 1.6 MPa. This experimental, lipid-encapsulated, perfluorobutane microbubble agent had a volume peak at approximately 1 micron. The agent was injected into mice with injection gas volume fractions matched to Definity doses, and monitored with a Philips L12-5 probe in contrast mode. Tumor tissue was harvested after a pre-sacrifice perfusion stain injection (DiOC7). Agent characterization experiments included frequency dependant attenuation measurements (1-40 MHz) and cavitation detection and analysis. The agent frequency response was such that insonations occurred well below the resonant frequency and exposures were at a level that produced wideband acoustic emissions associated with inertial cavitation. Rapid perfusion reductions were observed in the tumors after treatments as evidenced by perfusion staining and contrast imaging. The particular characteristics of micron-sized formulations may offer advantages in the context of clinical implementations compared to commercial bubbles with larger size distributions.


Background: Clinical manifestations in people living with human immunodeficiency virus infection (PLHIV) can be protean. Methods: We studied the clinical profile, neurological, cardiac manifestations and opportunistic infections (OIs) at the time of diagnosis in PLHIV at our medical college tertiary care teaching hospital in Solapur, Maharashtra, India. Results: Majority of patients (36%) were observed in the age group of 31-40 years. The mmost common presenting complaint was fever (65%), followed by anorexia (34%), weight loss (33%), cough (22%) and fatigue (21%). Diarrhoea and headache were seen in 15% and 13% of the patients, respectively. Most of the patients had weight between 31 and 40 kg and 41 and 50 kg (48% in each). On general physical examination pallor (63%), oral thrush (30.4%) were commonly seen. Genital lesions and icterus were seen in 4.3% and 2.1% of the patients, respectively. Majority (31%) of patients had CD4+ counts (/mm3) in the range 151 and 200. Most of the of patients (30%) had respiratory system involvement. Central nervous system (CNS) and gastrointestinal system manifestations were seen in 21% and 15% of the patients, respectively. Among infections tuberculosis (TB) was most common (46%) followed by Candidiasis (18%), Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) (9.2%) and cryptococcosis (8.7%). Other infections seen were herpes (5.2%), Cryptosporidium parvum (3.9%), Isospora belli (2.6%), toxoplasmosis (2.6%), cytomegalovirus (CMV) (1.3%), hepatitis B (1.3%) and Epstein–Barr virus (1.3%). Conclusions: TB is a common cause of morbidity in PLHIV. They further merit careful evaluation for assessing involvement of various organ systems, OIs.


Background: To measure the public's awareness of COVID-19 and evaluate the adequacy of public health communications and health propaganda on the prevention of coronavirus disease in Jiangsu province.Methods: We made an electronic questionnaire and launched the survey during February 12 to March 12, 2020. Respondents were randomly selected and recruited from thirteen cities in Jiangsu province. An opportunistic sampling approach was also used to recruit new participants or members in the same household through referrals from existing participants. Data was collected through the "Questionnaire Star" system. SPSS24.0 version was used for data statistical analysis.Result:The effective response rate of completing questionnaire was 97.14% (2650/2728). Compared with traditional media such as TV (51.43%) and newspaper (14.91%), participants were more willing to choose new media such as websites (71.17%) and social platforms such as We-Chat (73.96%) to obtained health information. Chi-square test showed that women (54.14% vs. 48.49%), the 20-50 age group (24.22% vs. 22.94%, 32.69% vs. 31.40%, 28.92 vs. 27.77%) and urban residents (61.42% vs. 59.85%) had higher COVID-19 preventive knowledge level, urban residents had better attitude (60.29% vs. 59.85%), women (53.53% vs. 51.51%), the 30-50 age group (33.14% vs. 31.40%, 29.00% vs. 27.77%)), urban residents (61.50% vs. 59.85%) had good behavior. Multivariate logistic analysis showed that gender (females vs. males, OR=2.226, OR 95%CI: 1.346-3.682, P<0.001), age groups (<50 vs. >50 years old: OR=0.689, OR 95%CI: 0.561-0.847, P<0.001), areas (urban vs. suburban: OR=0.359, OR 95%CI: 0.219-0.588, P<0.001), knowledge level (high vs. low: OR=1.259: OR 95%CI: 1.188-1.335, P<0.001), and attitude (good vs. bad: OR=0.462 OR 95%CI: 0.342-0.626, P<0.001) were associated with good behaviors. The moderating effect and mediating effect shows that attitude mediates the influence of knowledge on behavior. (The 95% interval does not include the number 0(OR95% CI:0.002-0.013). All means of health propaganda can modulate the influence between knowledge and behavior (P<0.001).Conclusions: Providing adequacy of health propaganda and public health communications on the prevention of coronavirus disease makes the public fully understand the knowledge of COVID-19 and lead them to take preventive actions.


Towards the development of novel class of miniature transducers with very high specific power, a high frequency and high flow rate hydraulic micro-pump with passive check valves was fabricated and tested. The micro-pump features a small piezoelectric (PZT-5H/PZN-PT) cylinder integrated into micromachined silicon and pyrex chips. The piezoelectric cylinder bonded to a thick circular disk serves as the drive element in the pump chamber, and two axisymmetric silicon membranes with hollow annular bosses serve as system check valves. Using silicone oil as the working fluid, the performance of the micro-pump was tested by varying voltages from 0 to 1600 V and frequencies from 1 kHz to 12 kHz. The micro-pump with PZT-5H element achieved a high flow rate of 2.5 ml/min at 1200 V and 4.5 kHz.


A workshop on leadership and protocol themed "Protokol Tonggak Peradaban" was held on 19th April 2015 at Bilik Seminar, FSMP, UMS organized by Project and Protocol Exco, PMFSMP. This workshop was led by En. Mohammad Norazmi bin Haris, Senior Administrative Assistant, Corporate Relations Division, UMS. The workshop aimed to provide an avenue for students to learn protocol and ethics in daily life and official events. It was also held in spirit of equipping students with a wide range of abilities, to prepare them for leadership positions in the future, to inspire, engage and help students as well as to develop the skills needed in order to meet the challenges that lay ahead. Workshop participants engaged with experimental activities, group problem-solving tasks, presentation cases and lectures. This workshop was a huge success as the participants gained much knowledge on the ethics and the importance of teamwork.


Different techniques have been described to prevent return flow of the blood into an intravenous line when both the intravenous infusion and blood pressure cuff have to be placed in the same arm especially during orthopedic surgeries of the upper limbs and with patients in lateral position. Some of these techniques involve placement of the part of the tubing under the blood pressure cuff, which would then occlude when the pressure in the cuff goes up. However, having tried this technique, we found it not fully effective in preventing the regurgitation of blood into infusion tubing. The events may distract the anesthesiologist from maintaining full intraoperative monitoring of anesthesia delivery and patients' vital signs.


The seismic K‐Horizon is the key to gaining understanding on the deep supercritical geothermal rocks in Southern Tuscany. The K‐Horizon is hosted in metamorphic rocks, which cause strong seismic wavefield scattering resulting in a poor signal‐to‐noise ratio. Our study aims to reveal high‐resolution seismic images of the K‐Horizon below a geothermal field in Southern Tuscany, using an advanced three‐dimensional seismic depth imaging approach. The key seismic pre‐processing steps in the time domain include muting a large amount of persistent noise based on the statistical analysis of the seismic amplitudes, and tomostatics technique to correct for static effects. We carried out seismic depth imaging using Kirchhoff Pre‐Stack Depth Migration and Fresnel Volume Migration techniques. Each migration technique was tested with constant and heterogeneous three‐dimensional velocity models. Due to the difficulties in determining emergent angles for this low signal‐to‐noise ratio data set, the migration results with the heterogeneous three‐dimensional velocity model show less coherent reflections compared to the migration results using the constant velocity model. Both velocity models however lead to relatively the same structure and depth of the K‐Horizon, indicating the similarity of the average velocities along the wave propagation paths in both velocity models. With both velocity models Fresnel Volume Migration yields the K‐Horizon with better reflection coherency and higher signal‐to‐noise ratio than standard Kirchhoff Pre‐Stack Depth Migration. Nevertheless, both migration techniques have been able to reveal the K‐Horizon with relatively high resolution and provide a reliable basis for geothermal rock characterization as well as steering of the first geothermal well penetrating the K‐Horizon.


A Raman‐Nath imaging system was operated over a frequency range of 50 kHz to 10 MHz with an experimental sensitivity of −137 dB re 1μ Pa (approximately 10−16 W/cm2) at 500 kHz. An optical heterodyne technique was employed to obtain these sensitivities. Theoretical calculations project that additional laser power can provide sensitivities of approximately −184 dB re 1μ Pa (3 × 10−21 W/cm2) at 500 kHz. Improved resolution measurements as well as the results of the utilization of acousto‐optics to analyze specular acoustic reflections from thin metal plates in water is presented. For several materials tested there is strong agreement between theory and experiment in the 1–3 MHz frequency range. [Work supported by DARPA.]


The construction projects for distribution networks require good economy besides energy saving and voltage quality improvement. Thus the line loss rate and voltage qualification rate are the main assessment indices of construction projects for distribution networks. This paper proposes a comprehensive energy saving potential (ESP) evaluation system for distribution networks. The above basic indices and comprehensive ESP indices for each selected feeder are calculated under different improvement measures. Firstly, typical feeders are modeled using Power Factory software. Then power flow for distribution networks is calculated and weak networks can be found. Secondly, improvement measures for typical feeders can be chosen based on weak networks analysis to achieve the purpose of reducing the power loss rate. Thirdly, the paper gives the definition of loss reduction rate, voltage improvement rate and economic benefits. Furthermore, the implementation order of the measures is optimized according to the value of comprehensive ESP indices and the difficulty extent of implementation. The investment cost and the transformation effect are considered simultaneously for planning. Four measures which include replacing high-loss transformers and worn conductors, adding reactive power compensation devices and adjusting bus voltage are carried out on the IEEE 33-bus test system. The results of simulation calculation demonstrate the validity and superiority of the proposed system.


The HR 1614 moving group of stars (Eggen 1978a) is one of a number of such groups identified by Eggen from amongst the disk population of the Galaxy (see e.g. Eggen 1969). The group was selected from a sample of 44 field stars south of + 30° declination, with right ascensions mainly > 12 h and <2 h , and with motions similar to that of the star HR 1614, which has a velocity of (U, V) = (−1, −58) km s−1, where U and V are the components of space motion in the direction of the galactic anticentre and galactic rotation respectively, measured relative to the Sun. The colours of these 44 stars, when plotted in a (b-y, R-I) diagram, were such that 26 of them had an excess blanketing of ~ 0.03 in b-y, measured with respect to the Hyades group. This excess blanketing was consequently chosen to be a criterion for group membership.


Ten products from the oxidation of 2,4-di-t-butylpheuol with t-butyl peroxy radicals have been identified. They can be subdivided into three groups, depending on the type of radical–radical coupling reaction by which they are produced or in which their precursors are formed: (i) phenoxy–peroxy coupling, (ii) phenoxy–phenoxy coupling at the 6 positions, and (iii) phenoxy–phenoxy coupling through the oxygen atom of one radical and the 6 position of the second radical. Products resulting from still other phenoxy–phenoxy coupling reactions are undoubtedly formed in minor amounts.


This work is the result of the years long investigation of the developmental and transfer changes in the area of the primary mental abilities and, to some extent, intelligence with the third to eighth grade elementary school pupils, age 9 to 15 years. The work gives methodological account of a new phenomenon in the transfer area that, in the opinion of the author, has not yet been described in the educational process psychology. The main point is that the effects of the experimental program (training) occur not only during it but also within the period following its termination. Methodological basis of this phenomenon is somewhat modified experiment with the parallel groups. The empirical confirmation is obtained from the transversal and longitudinal research of the developmental and transfer changes in the area of the primary mental abilities and intelligence. Data analysis done so far points to the existence of one particular quality of the experimental program in this abilities that can be called: prolonged transfer effect. This phenomenon has both theoretical and practical significance.


This paper presents the Resource Integration model as a methodological tool based on current developments on Integrated Resource Planning - IRP. The traditional planning process for the power sector is known for its 'ex-post' accounting of the social, economical, environmental and political issues related to energy supplies. IRP proposes an 'ex ante' accounting of such issues. This paper also reports on achievements accruing from the application of this methodology to a case study in the Mamiraua Reserve for Sustainable Development – RDSM –, at the Brazilian Amazonic region.


The present invention relates to a method for preparing (meth)acrylic acid. The method for preparing (meth)acrylic acid is economical and can provide (meth)acrylic acid by decomposing, with high efficiency, Michael adducts contained in a waste solution.


The sequence of performance of four stages of realization of process of constant improvement in system of quality management of the organization is discussed, namely: 1) a choice of the process demanding prime improvement; 2) the description of the chosen process; 3) process improvement (originally in small scale) on the basis of methodology of the decision of problems; 4) full-scale introduction of the improved process. After end of the next iteration of process of constant improvement with reference to earlier most defective to process, it is necessary to pass to a choice of the new process demanding improvement, and again to repeat all four stages.


Stella Bullo's Evaluation in Advertising Reception joins the growing linguistic tradition that looks seriously at evaluative language as a key way of meaning in our social life. Bullo's contribution, sitting under the banner of reception studies, considers how people respond to print advertising and how their discourse is organized to marshal this evaluative response. In this way, Bullo focuses on the language that respondents use when discussing advertisements rather than considering the advertisements themselves. For discourse analysts this is an intriguing object of study, potentially offering insights into how varied reading positions are developed and negotiated and how they converge with or diverge from those intended by advertisers. To investigate this, Bullo utilizes Martin and White's (2005) appraisal theory (in particular, the attitude categories of affect, judgement and appreciation) in conjunction with various socio-cognitive interpretive frameworks. The book contains five chapters as well as two helpful appendices of analysed data and an index. Following a brief introduction in Chapter 1 that situates the study within the context of reception studies, Chapters 2 and 3 lay the groundwork by introducing the interpretive frameworks and methodology of the study. In doing so, it is explained that the study in part aims to 'unveil the socio-cognitive resources inferred to play a role in the selection of evaluative discourse' (p. 41), including metaphor and metonymy, intertextuality and interdiscursivity. The data consist of two focus group discussions using three print advertisements as stimuli. Each advertisement involves the appropriation of a classical artwork (The Girl with the Pearl Earring used to advertise Holland as a tourist destination, Whistler's Mother used to advertise Mercedes-Benz and The Birth of Venus to advertise IKEA). Chapters 4 and 5 present the results of the study, primarily as percentage tables showing the relative frequency of attitude categories used by both focus groups for each advertisement. These tables display some surprising results that are given considerable discussion. Unfortunately, however, this discussion often does more to highlight issues with the study than to clarify the findings. For example, one of the main findings of these tables is that judgement (of humans and their behaviour) is the primary means of evaluation by 659962 DCM0010.1177/1750481316659962Discourse & CommunicationBook reviews research-article2016


To the measurement error caused by sensor due to rotor vibration in attitude estimation for quadrotor aircraft,the data measured by accelerometer and gyroscope are fused through a Kalman filter method,to improve the accuracy of attitude estimation,reduce the noise caused by carrier vibration and solve the gyro drift problem. First,the error types of inertial devices were analyzed,and then a three-DOF( degree of freedom) system model was established,simulation analysis was also made through Matlab. Finally,the feasibility of this method was verified by using an experimental bench with propellers. Experimental results showed that the attitude estimation error was within 2° and was not accumulated over time,basically meeting the requirements of attitude estimation for quad-rotor aircraft,such as real-time performance,low cost and high precision. This method could be successfully applied to the attitude control for quad-rotor aircraft,which can suppress the noise interference,and create a good condition for stable autonomous flight.


Abstract Algal assays using the marine diatom Nitzschia closterium were carried out in raw, unenriched seawater to avoid the complexlng of copper by silicate, colloidal ferric hydroxide and other compounds which occurs in standard culture media. The algae remained in logarithmic growth for at least 72 h in unenriched seawater. The advantages of using this simple medium for the study of the effect of copper speciation on toxicity are outlined. Copper ions inhibit the growth of Nitzschia, but not the photosynthesis; possible reasons for this decoupling of cell division and the photosynthesis apparatus are discussed.


A solar cell module comprising: a plurality of solar cells, the solar cell having a back electrode layer are sequentially disposed on the support substrate layer, a light absorbing layer and the front electrode; panel on the solar cell; disposed in the said sealing layer between the outer support panel and the upper edge region for the support substrate and the sealing panel; and an absorbent layer between the sealing layer.


This paper considers the problem of estimating the state and unknown input simultaneously for 2-D Fornasini-Marchesini system with unknown input in both state and measurement equations. The problem is solved by using descriptor system approach and then an asymptotically convergent observer was designed. Two cases, the gain matrix for the unknown input in measurement equation is not and/or is of full column rank, have been discussed. For these two cases, the corresponding sufficient and necessary condition and sufficient condition for the existence of the asymptotical observers are presented and proved in terms of rank condition, respectively. A numerical example is provided to illustrate the convergence properties of the observers and the effectiveness of the proposed method.


Not the least welcome implication of a recent paper by Cristian Tomasetti of Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health and Bert Vogelstein at the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, both in Baltimore, Md., is that it appears to furnish a definitive resolution of longstanding disputations over the origin of cancer—whether primarily genetic or environmental. Writing in Science (347:78, 2015), they have shown that the lifetime risk of many cancers correlates strongly with the total number of divisions of the normal, self-renewing cells maintaining homeostasis in different tissues. Only a third of the variation in cancer risk among tissues can be attributed to either environmental factors or genetic predispositions.


Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is a genetic disease presented by high levels of serum low density lipoprotein (LDL), xanthomas and early coronary artery disease (CAD). The diagnosis of Homozygous Familial Hypercholesterolemia (HoFH) is based on a family history of elevated cholesterol, persistent high LDL levels despite maximum medical treatment and the development of xanthomas and early atherosclerotic cardiac lesions such as aortic stenosis. Management of HoFH patients requires lifestyle modifications and medical therapy.


In the last issue of the journal VTEI (5/2016), the reader can get acquainted with the opinion of SOVAK CR to support "as soon as possible a complete ban on the use of glyphosate," with regard to the possible contamination of surface waters with this substance (the main ingredient of total herbicides Roundup type) and its residues.


Sixth Edition THE HUMAN FACTORS/ERGONOMICS PROFESSION. What HFE Handbook of Human Factors and Ergonomics (4th Ed.). Wiley. Sanders. Bridging Research and Good Practices towards Patients Welfare: Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Healthcare Ergonomics and Ergonomics is a human-centered discipline. Handbook of Human Factors and Ergonomics in Health Care and Patient Safety, Human Factors in Lighting, Third Edition.


: In this paper a 1 bit full subtractor is designed. In VLSI a digital circuit is designed with distinct techniques and most used techniques are CMOS technique and GDI technique. We opt a circuit which has less delay and low power consumption. In this paper a 1-bit full subtractors are designed using different XOR gates and GDI technique. The transient analysis is performed in 180nm, 130nm, 90nm, 45nm. In this analysis we found that XOR based subtractor gives less delay and GDI based subtractor gives low power consumption as compared to other circuits respectively.


Epitaxial growth of metal-silicide films onto Si substrates and its application to future semiconductor devices are reviewed. The growth conditions, electrical and structural properties, thermal stability, and irradiation response of epitaxial PtSi, Pd2Si, NiSi2, and CoSi2 films are discussed. Si/silicide/Si structures are also described as an example of device applications.


The study of the dynamic response of the elevated railway for the high-speed train in the Taiwan area at the preliminary design stage is presented. Two types of the elevated reinforced concrete railway, they being the simple-span and the three-equal-span box girders supported on piers; three types of the high-speed train, namely, the French T.G.V., the German I.C.E., and the Japanese S.K.S.; and the maximum operation speed 350 km/h are under investigation. The general dynamic stiffness matrix of a damped Timoshenko beam is employed for the structural analysis. The influence line of any dynamic response (also called the dynamic influence line) of the elevated railway subjected to the high-speed train, considered as a series of the moving loads, is calculated by the mode-superposition method. A preliminary design of the section of the railway is proposed for this study.


To support the user's service requirement, intelligently and efficiently in ubiquitous environment, proposed architecture in this paper provides the easy interface to user. Also, services from user's point of view should be easily accessed by using the advertisement. In this paper, we propose the IGDF for web service supporting these requirements.