Many modern applications employ a spatial database system to perform management of the large amount of spatial or non linear data. These systems are employed in both real-time and non-real time applications, such as GPS/GIS systems, video games, and scientific databases. Most of these applications are three dimensional, but some can be extended to higher dimensions. The goal is to distribute the responsibilities of a real time three dimensional game server over multiple servers. By distributing the game server we can split the responsibilities of a single server among many servers. This will allow for larger world spaces, with more entities. An entity could be any dynamic object in the three dimension world space. The goal is to make it possible for a series of desktop computers with broadband service to be able to host massive on-line games. Key-words: real-time, graphics, database, spatial, server, client


Oral antineoplastic agents (OAAs) are changing how we treat cancer. OAAs provide a novel treatment option – however, with their own challenges as the OAA imatinib for the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) showed a little over a decade ago. OAAs have altered not only how chemotherapies are administered but also how patients are managed and how they are involved in their cancer care. Where with parenteral chemotherapy patients are mainly passive recipients of their anticancer treatment, OAA requires them to be engaged actively and responsibly. Regularly scheduled, cliniciansupervised chemotherapy infusions in the clinic have been replaced with regularly but differently scheduled selfadministrations at home – without clinician supervision. The responsibility for correct dose, schedule, and administration has shifted to patients (and caregivers), who also have to store and handle the medication correctly and to self-observe and self-report side effects and signs of drug interactions. OAAs were to improve quality of life (QoL) – undoubtedly, in many respects their convenience has but not without new challenges. In parallel, the role of clinicians – physicians, pharmacists, nurses, etc. – has changed. Patient education focused on information transfer is no longer sufficient – if it ever was. It needs to be complemented with teaching patients the requisite knowledge and skills about how to take and store their medication and what signs and symptoms to observe for. What clinicians believe should be communicated may not correspond to what patients have in mind. Teaching is only the first step – patients' knowledge and skills need to be validated over time, perhaps not at each clinic visit but certainly at (individualized) intervals. With the control over when treatment is administered largely out of their hands, clinicians now need to help their patients to be adherent, to trust that they will (try to) be so, and to be vigilant about nonadherence – despite what patients claim. In the process, clinicians may forget that they are more educated than most of their patients. Clinicians need to adapt content and streamline the process of medication information consistent with their patients' literacy in health and cancer – emphasizing reinforcement through repeat counseling, teach-back methods, and continuous individualized communication. The need to support pharmacists is brought out clearly – not as a problem but with a solution instead – by Ribed et al.'s structured clinical interview guide ('Guide') proposed in this issue of the Journal.[1] Clinical pharmacists will find the Guide helpful in providing comprehensive OAA medication therapy management (MTM) during a pharmacist-led OAA clinic visit. [2] Here we expand on Ribed et al.'s work by framing their work within MTM and offering suggestions to make the Guide into an evolving method for promoting clinically effective and safe OAA therapy and achieving better patient outcomes.


For solving information fusion problem of inequality important information in integrated target recognition the concept of evidence weight is introduced based on D-S reasoning. For transformation of each evidence according to its weight difference the evidence synthesis is completed using tradition method in integrated target recognition of different grade using this method the problem of target recognition of only same grade sensor using tradition evidence theory can be solved. An identification example using this method indicates that the precision and effectiveness of target recognition are raised.


With Additive Manufacturing (AM), parts having complex geometries can be produced easily compared to the traditional manufacturing methods. AM gives the opportunity to produce those complex parts in a very straightforward manner. This simplification eases embedding of different structures, patterns or assets to the part without the burden of additional manufacturing processes. It has been observed that the most common approach for this purpose is to use QR codes. This article discusses a different method combining science and art together. A simple coding approach inspired by the Dutch painter Mondrian, who is known to have paintings consisting of grids and contrast colors, has been developed. In this paper, details of the proposed method to embed information onto the AM parts are presented and the results are discussed.


People have a tendency to have too much reliance on the accuracy of their own judgments. This inclination boosts up the confidence limit of an individual, as people have the propensity to compare quantity with quality. Overconfidence is one of the prominent behavioral traits, which persuade an individual to make poor investment decisions without doing an impartial analysis of the available options. The distortion in the investment decision-making process is led by overconfident behavior which itself is adversely affected by a few of the factors. The objective of this paper was to explore and develop the relationships among the reviewed variables by keeping at the center the psychology of stock market investors. The interpretive structural modeling (ISM) methodology was used for identifying the prominent factors in a sequential manner. This provided a hierarchical structure apprenticing with planning, execution, categorizing, and conclusion, by way of providing output for the whole process. The factors were categorized as drivers, enablers, and dependent variables in the hierarchy of the ISM model. This model provided a framework for investors to spot out the robust factors of overconfidence in an orderly manner in the stock market, which distorts the investment decision making process.


A solution for the buckling loads of asymmetric tall buildings with uniform cross section is presented, using a three-dimensional continuum model and including the effects due to normal strains in columns and shear walls. The layout of the stiffening elements in the plane of the structure is arbitrary, without restrictions as to shape of the shear wall cross section, direction of its principal axes, and orientation of the frames. The equilibrium equations for rotation, lateral and normal displacements are formulated in variational terms. Buckling loads are calculated by means of infinite polynomial series, using the existence criterion for a nonzero solution of the homogeneous system of differential equations. For practical application of the method, the use of a computer is essential. The numerical example worked out shows that for slightly deformable connecting beam systems, largely overestimated buckling loads may result by omission of axial strains.


This study investigates the impact of a combined treatment of Systematic Error Correction and Repeated Reading on reading rate and errors for 18 year olds with undiagnosed reading difficulties on a Caribbean Island. In addition to direct daily measures of reading accuracy, the Reading Self Perception Scale was administered to determine whether the intervention was associated with changes in the way the student perceives himself as a reader. Two characteristics of good readers are reading rate or fluency and accuracy. Reading rate is defined as the number of correctly read words per minute (Manset-Williamson & Nelson, 2005; Samuels, 1997). Reading rate has been linked to successful reading since early research on the psychology of reading and, more recently, to higher levels of comprehension (Chard, Vaughn, & Tyler, 2002; Madelaine & Wheldall, 2004; Manset-Williamson & Nelson, 2005; Nathan & Stanovich, 1991). The automaticity theory states that a fluent reader can decode text without thinking about it, therefore leaving his or her attention free to dedicate to comprehension of the text (Samuels, 1997; Scott & Shearer-Lingo, 2002). As teachers try to meet the mandates of the No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB, 2001), there is even greater need to improve students reading rate and accuracy, particularly since yearly progress is tested often by timed reading tasks followed by multiple choice questions. Research shows that teachers are likely to implement remediation based on what they learned in pre-service training (Boulineau, Fore, Hagen-Burke, & Burke, 2004) and on what is effective and efficient (Gilbert, Williams, & McLaughlin, 1996; Madelaine & Wheldall, 2004; Nelson, Alber, & Gordy, 2004). Because teachers can be effective, efficient, and integrated in the classroom routine, the number of single subject design interventions related to reading in the literature has increased (Barger-Anderson, Domaracki, & Kearney-Vakulick, 2004; Swanson & Sachse-Lee, 2000). Effective reading instruction can be successfully implemented in the classroom (Clark, 1995; Kuhn & Stahl, 2003). Systematic Error Correction (SEC) and Repeated Readings (RR) are methods that meet the requirements of effectiveness and efficiency. SEC involves the student repeating the correct word as modeled by the teacher following a reading error (Barbetta, Heron, & Heward, 1993; Barbetta, Heward, & Bradley, 1993; Barbetta, Heward, Bradley, & Miller, 1994). RR consists of rereading a short passage of 200 words or less two or more times until the desired degree of fluency is reached (Samuels, 1997). While comprehension may be initially poor, research has shown that the student is better able to comprehend with each additional reading (Nathan & Stanovich, 1991; Samuels, 1997; Strong, Wehby, & Falk, 2004). In his synthesis of research on effective reading interventions, Chard et al. (2002) noted, "In instances where corrective feedback was combined with repeated reading, students were more successful at boosting their fluency, primarily by decreasing their reading errors" (p.404). However, only one study has combined the methods of SEC and RR (Nelson et al., 2004). This study found a small increase in the number of words read correctly in the SEC phase; however, when SEC and RR were combined, a functional relationship in terms of accuracy and proficiency was demonstrated for all four second grade students with disabilities in the study. The present study attempts to extend the Nelson et al. (2004) research by (a) combining SEC and RR and (b) applying the methods to secondary school drop out students with undiagnosed reading difficulties attending a private center on a small Caribbean island. It should be noted, however, that this study can potentially add to the literature in the following ways. First, the break down of time spent with the students is different. Second, each intervention is implemented in isolation and then combined. Third, baseline conditions are repeated after each intervention phase in the study. Fourth, passages are taken from student-selected trade books one level above his current reading level in order to promote scaffolding (Vygotsky, 1978). The reading levels of the trade books were determined using the methods of Fry (1985). It is believed that the students' participation in the selection of the reading is related to a higher level of interest (Clark, 1995). Fifth, the way in which students perceive themselves as readers will be concurrently assessed. The purpose of this study was to improve reading rate and accuracy from baseline condition and to answer the following research questions: Can a combination of SEC and RR improve the reading rate and accuracy in 18 year old students with undiagnosed reading difficulties? Will a treatment of systematic error correction and repeated reading lead to improvement of the student's self perception in regards to reading as measured by the Reading Self Perception Scale (RSPS [Henk & Melnik, 1995])? Method Research Design A form of the withdrawal design (ABAB) was used for this study in order to compare each subject's performance under each condition. The withdrawal design, also known as a return to baseline conditions, was appropriate for this study since it allowed the tutor to demonstrate whether or not a functional relationship existed between each intervention and each student's performance. Participants The participants were 18 year old secondary school drop out students with undiagnosed difficulties in reading attending a non-profit adult educational center on a small Caribbean Island. They were selected by center personnel because they were in need of reading remediation. They signed Florida International University IRB-approved consent forms and agreed to participate in the study as part of their regular tutoring sessions. They are referred to as a student A and B to protect their anonymity. Definitions Accuracy of word recognition can be thought of as a component of reading rate. In the present study, accuracy was defined as the number of errors committed in a minute of reading (Samuels, 1997). Errors were defined as mispronunciations, substitutions, and omissions (Hintze, Callahan, Matthews, & Williams, 2002). Procedure Prior to baseline, students were administered the RSPS during an interview with the researcher. At this session, a book was selected by the student. The study took place during 10 minute one on one session with the student and researcher each having a copy of the selection. After each session, the researcher and an independent scorer totaled up the number of Correct Words per Minute (CWPM) and errors made during this one minute period using a digital recording device.


On 20 May 2012, a M5.9 earthquake hit the Emilia-Romagna region in northern Italy. Although it was of moderate magnitude, the quake affected an area up to 17 km from the epicenter, with severe damage and the collapse of several warehouses. Widespread liquefaction phenomena, such as sand boils and ground failures, were observed. Presented herein are the outcomes of a geotechnical post-earthquake reconnaissance survey conducted a week after the main shock in Sant'Agostino, a municipality near Ferrara, which was severely affected by the ground shaking. The presented findings add new liquefaction case records induced by a moderate earthquake in the Italian historical database. Non-invasive, seismic geophysical tests were carried out at four sites in the area of Sant'Agostino during the post-earthquake reconnaissance survey for near-surface geotechnical characterization. Preliminary assessment of liquefaction susceptibility has been carried out using post-earthquake field measurements at the four sites. Predictions based on standard, state of the practice empirical correlations are consistent with the observed liquefaction phenomena.


Thedeformation,drag, and breakup propertiesof round drops subjected to shock-wavedisturbanceswerestudied computationally for conditions where effects of drop evaporation were small. The objective of the study was to consider effects of liquid viscosity, liquid/gas density ratio, and drop Reynolds number that are dife cult to explore based on experiments but are representative of conditions found in practical sprays. The time-dependent incompressible and axisymmetric Navier‐ Stokes equations were solved in both the gas and liquid phases in conjunction with the level set method to determine the position of the liquid/gas interface for deforming drops. The numerical results were evaluated using earlier experimental results for the wake and drag properties of solid spheres and the deformation and drag and breakup properties of drops subjected to shock-wavedisturbances. There was good agreement between measurements and predictions. The properties of drop deformation and breakup were mainly affected by the drop drag-force/surface-tension-force ratio represented by the Weber number We and the drop liquid-viscous-force/surface-tension-forceratiorepresented by theOhnesorgenumber Oh. WhentheOhwassmall, drop deformation and breakup transitions yielded the classical deformation and breakup regime map suggested by Hinze roughly 50 years ago. However, when the Oh was large the computations revealed undesirable variations of We as a function of Oh for particular deformation and breakup regime transitions when plotted in the classical Hinzeform.An improvedapproachto handlelarge Oh conditionswasfound, however, by directlyplottingthedrop drag-force/liquid-viscous-force ratio We 1=2 /Oh, as a function of the drop surface-tension-force/liquid viscous-force ratio 1/Oh because We 1=2 /Oh is relatively independent of Oh at the regime transitions when the Oh is large. Effects of liquid/gas viscosity and density ratios on the new deformation and breakup regime map were found to be small. The Reynolds number of the gas e ow over the drop, however, was found to have a considerable effect on drop deformation and breakup properties as the low Reynolds number (<100), Stokes e ow, regime was approached. This behavior appears to be caused by the progressive increase of the drop drag coefe cient when the Reynolds number of the gas e ow becomes small, which tends to reduce drop relaxation times and thus times available for drop deformation and breakup.


Let G be an infinite InP -n-groupoid. We construct a disjoint family {Bμ : μ ∈ M} of non-empty subsets of G such that the sets {Bμ} are dense in all Choban's totally bounded topologies on G, |M | = |G|, G = ∪{Bμ : μ ∈ M} and ∪nk=1∆φω(K , G \ Bμ,K ) 6= G for all μ ∈ M and every finite subsets K of G. In particular, we continue the line of research from [6, 9]. Mathematics subject classification: 22A05, 54H11 .


Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis are inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) characterized by chronic relapsing mucosal inflammation. Tumour necrosis factor (TNF)‐α, a known agonist of the mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, is a key cytokine in this process. We aimed first to determine whether p38 MAPK is activated in IBD inflamed mucosa, and then studied the effect of four different p38α inhibitory compounds on MAPK phosphorylation and secretion of proinflammatory cytokines by IBD lamina propria mononuclear cells (LPMCs) and organ culture biopsies. In vivo phospho‐p38α and p38α expression was evaluated by immunoblotting on intestinal biopsies from inflamed areas of patients affected by Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, and from normal mucosa of sex‐ and age‐matched control subjects. Both mucosal biopsies and isolated LPMCs were incubated with four different p38α selective inhibitory drugs. TNF‐α, interleukin (IL)‐1β and IL‐6 were measured in the organ and cell culture supernatants by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. We found higher levels of phospho‐p38α in the inflamed mucosa of IBD patients in comparison to controls. All the p38α inhibitory drugs inhibited p38α phosphorylation and secretion of TNF‐α, IL‐1β and IL‐6 from IBD LPMCs and biopsies. Activated p38α MAPK is up‐regulated in the inflamed mucosa of patients with IBD. Additionally, all the p38α selective inhibitory drugs significantly down‐regulated the activation of the MAPK pathway and the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines.


The report considers a design concept for precision test benches for verification of gyroscopic devices with digital control systems and inertial sensing elements as modern mechatronic control systems – i.e. primary standards, the design solutions of which include derived special cases of secondary standards with inertial sensing elements and digital control systems, both previously proposed by the authors and novel designs, which can be realized using the proposed design principles.


We show that a nonlinear dynamical system in Poincaré-Dulac normal form (in R) can be seen as a constrained linear system; the constraints are given by the resonance conditions satisfied by the spectrum of (the linear part of) the system and identify a naturally invariant manifold for the flow of the "parent" linear system. The parent system is finite dimensional if the spectrum satisfies only a finite number of resonance conditions, as implied e.g. by the Poincaré condition. In this case our result can be used to integrate resonant normal forms, and sheds light on the geometry behind the classical integration method of Horn, Lyapounov and Dulac.


The present invention is directed to the synthesis of novel delamination lamellar zeolite precursor material prepared by a release promoted by fluoride / chloride anion. The method includes, for example, in aqueous solution, by using a combination of fluoride anions and chloride anions in a mild pH, the process affects the delamination of the layered zeolite precursor. The method may also include the step of using a non-aqueous solution with a fluoride anion combinations chloride anions containing organic solvent. The method can be used with either or both of the acidification or sonication. Then, the resultant delaminated zeolite precursor is isolated. Then isolated as precursor lacks amorphous silica. UCB-1 product is an example of such a novel oxide materials, with a yield of more than 90% without the need for sonication.


This paper describes a novel walking gait generation algorithm based on inverse kinematics for a biped robot. The proposed algorithm uses the PSO (Particle Swarm Optimization) algorithm in order to find optimized values for the five walking algorithm parameters. The proposed experiment approach is tested on a small-sized humanoid robot in the DCSELAB, VNUHCM. Simulation and experimental results reveal that using the PSO algorithm with an efficient fitness function can significantly reduce learning time. Moreover, a considerable fast walking speed is achieved. Keywords-PSO; walking robot; learning time; walking speed


Introduction: Stable papillary muscle (PM) position and contraction enable constant PM tip distance from mitral valve (MV) annulus, which can contribute to constant MV coaptation height during systole (Figure A). Hypothesis: In patients with late-systolic MV prolapse (L-MVP), superior shift of MV coaptation toward left atrium (LA) during systole may be linked to abnormal PMs superior shift, which can be related to augmented MV closing force by MV annular dilatation. Methods: In 15 controls and 20 with L-MVP, MV coaptation height from its annulus was measured at early- and late-systole by echocardiography to evaluate systolic superior shift of MV coaptation. Distances of PMs tip and MV annulus from external reference point around the apex were monitored by 2 points speckle tracking, and systolic shift of PMs tip toward MV annulus was measured (Figures B and C). MV closing force was calculated as MV annular area х (systolic blood pressure - 10). Echocardiography was repeated after MV plasty in 5 L-MVP patie...


Construing anticipation as an embodied process implies including experience and action within personal construct theorization and application. This has led many authors to read somatic disorders in psychological terms and to consider psychotherapy as an experiential process. This article exemplifies a possible transposition of personal construct psychology in action through experimenting with ways of construing. Some simple body movement experiences are presented as means for exploring our personal anticipations in relation to others. This may represent a starting point for the elaboration of our personal theories and practices.


Liu-Yizheng(柳詒徵)(1880-1956) was really famous and had a lot of follower. Among his writings on Chinese literature, "History of Chinese Culture" (中國文化史) and "Main Points of Chinese History"(國史要義) is the most representative. Is opposite in the "Chinese cultural history" high popularity, "Main Points of Chinese History", which was published in 1948 amid the civil war between Chinese Communist Party and Chinese Nationalist Party, has yet received much attention from the academic circle. Simultaneously also because of the time background''s relations, enabled at that time the scholar not to pay attention to "Main Points of Chinese History" and Liu-Yizheng's important thoughts, specially the discussion which studies to "Spring and Autumn"(春秋). This namely for this article research motive. This article mainly divides into two parts, the first part mainly discusses Liu-Yizheng the academic thought that from Liu Yizheng the family study, the teachers and friends, and he with at that time studied person''s discussion, obtains Liu-Yizheng the academic thought the basic concept is 'thoughts and practice on statecraft'(經世). By compares Liu of Chang Hsueh-Cheng''s 'the concept of practical knowledge of managing state affairs in history'(史學經世), may know Liu''s understanding involves to "Spring and Autumn " the different understanding. For'the concept of practical knowledge of managing state affairs in history'Liu explanation to elaborate "Spring and Autumn for the commentary righteousness law"(春秋義法). Is precisely this kind of explanation has affected " Main Points of Chinese History " regarding "Spring and Autumn " annotation, such as '"Spring and Autumn" is the history ,not ching-hsueh"(春秋是史非經) ' "Spring and Autumn" for the discuss politics knowledge '(春秋論治之學)' "san chuan"is the historical methodology'(三傳為史學研究法). The second part mainly aims at " Main Points of Chinese History " discusses Liu Yizheng ''s discussion of "Spring and Autumn" annals. This part henceforth the book subject structure and the essential meaning, show Liu's 〝the official historian〞,〝the history book〞, "the history" relations. This mainly has three key points. First, showed that the history this teaches it in the official historian politics to study, this key in official historian system and political nature. Second, does not divide the ching-hsueh(經學) after the history. Third, the history stems from"Spring and Autumn", showed the history is study"Spring and Autumn", further penetrates to think that K'ung-tzu(孔子)write"Spring and Autumn" inherits the antiquity official historian''s view, inquired into Liu's "the concept of practical knowledge of managing state affairs in history'" actual content.Contains Liu Yizheng to discuss "Spring and Autumn"''s thought background, to explain that Spring and Autumn Period''s method, as well as explains Spring and Autumn Period regarding the political influence and so on. Although Liu thought that "Spring and Autumn" is a history, but it do not means the "Spring and Autumn" is real writing the history, but it will regard as inherits the antiquity official historian to hold the politics to teach the real power the evidence, elaborates "Spring and Autumn " holds the politics for the official historian to teach the real power "assists the T'ien-tzu"(佐相天子), therefore his point is approximate in explained that "Spring and Autumn's righteousness law" by takes the political blueprint the ideal.This ideal reflected that 〝the history to communicate with ching-hsueh for the orthodox school of Confucianist〞"(史術貫通經術,為儒術之正宗)and〝"Chou kuan" to communicate with"Spring and Autumn"〞.(打通《周官》與《春秋》)The viewpoint, develops to discuss the political system and the political thinking unites "Spring and Autumn Period" governs righteousness law. By this article elaboration, showed that the discussion which studies to "Spring and Autumn", displays in Liu explained "Spring and Autumn Period" righteousness law, and by takes the advocate country power and the democracy. Moreover governs the sage sublime words with deep meaning the spiritual concealment to elaborate Chinese culture facing . In the Republic of China, (1919-1949) "Spring and Autumn " study the history has its significance naturally in the Republic of China time.


This paper discusses the potentialities obtained by splitting the antenna of the COSMO-SkyMed SAR developed by Alenia Spazio under contract of Italian Space Agency and Italian Ministry of Defence into multiple sub-apertures. The modified sensor is shown to allow: (a) clutter cancellation and detection of slowly moving ground targets for surveillance purpose, (b) sea current/wave monitoring by along-track SAR interferometry, (c) relocation of moving targets in high resolution SAR images, and (c) fully polarimetric imaging. The practical implementation of the possible modification is also discussed together with the new operational modes design.


The main objective of this study is to estimate the impacts of introducing hybrid vehicles on fuel consumption reduction in central area of Bangkok by using a model for fuel consumption estimation of vehicles based on time sharing by four driving regimes from probe data. First, time sharing by driving regimes obtained by probe data was analyzed and its reliability was tested with observed data. Second, relationship between fuel consumption and time sharing by four driving regimes with hybrid vehicles (HVs) was determined based upon data from field test. Assuming all probe vehicles will be replaced with HV, reduction of fuel consumption was estimated by applying this relationship. Finally, influence of time sharing and average speed on fuel consumption were discussed. As a result, it was found that time sharing based on probe data was reliable. Fuel consumption reduction was significant in cruising regime, and average speed affected fuel consumption.


* Acknowledgements The author wishes to thank the Flemish Fund for Scientific Research (FWO-Vlaanderen) for providing financial support for this research. Also many thanks to colleagues who commented on earlier papers that came out from this study and who inspired me to carry out the analysis presented here. In particular, I am grateful to Øystein Kravdal, Tomáš Sobotka, Francesco Billari, Jan Hoem, Gerda Neyer, the editors and four anonymous reviewers of Demography for their helpful comments.


Corrugated plate dryer is an important steam-water separation equipment in steam generator of secondary loop of nuclear power plant. Its steam-water separation efficiency has a certain influence on economic index of nuclear power plants. It is meaningful to understand flow characteristics of liquid film on corrugated plate wall. Besides, the fluctuation of the liquid film may cause the occurrence of liquid film rupture, thus the research on the fluctuation of the liquid film on the wall of the corrugated plate is very important. This paper uses Plane laser induced fluorescence (PLIF) method to measure liquid film thickness. Curve of film thickness with time is obtained. Calculation formula of average value of liquid film thickness is given. Based on power spectral density (PSD) method, non-linear characteristics of liquid film thickness are studied. Results show that the relationship between film thickness and Reynolds number conforms to Nusselt theory. Nevertheless, the results show deviation from Nusselt as well as Karapantsios estimation. When Reynolds number is in the range of 600 to 3000 and surface roughness is 0.03, the fluctuation of the power spectrum of the liquid film thickness caused by gravity can be ignored, which provides a reference for study on steam-water separation.


Background: Fast and accurate chest pain risk stratification in the Emergency Department (ED) is critical. The HEART score predicts the short-term incidence of major cardiac events (MACE) in this population and divides them into three risk categories. Our aim was to describe the chest pain population, to characterize the subset of patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS), and to assess the prognostic value of the Manchester triage system and the HEART score.Chest pain is a common symptom in all health care settings and may be due to a extensive variety of disease conditions. Some of those will be because of treatable causes, including musculoskeletal problems with favorable outcomes; others will be because of probably deadly life-threatening conditions, inclusive of acute coronary syndrome. Methods: Descriptive research design was adopted to conduct the study with( n=60) samples who met the inclusion criteria at Saveetha Medical College and Hospital. Samples were selected by convenience sampling Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Chennai. A total of 60 Samples who met the inclusion criteria is selected by using convenience sampling technique. After selecting the sample, the investigator introduced him-self and explained the purpose of the study to the participants. Informed consent was obtained from the participants after assured confidentiality. The demographic and clinical variables were collected by using multiple choice questionnaires. Assess the risk level of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) by using HEART score immediately after receiving the chest pain patients with emergency. The data were collected, and score evaluation will take 10 -15 minutes after The data were tabulated and analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics Result: The risk level of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) among patients with chest pain in emergency department. Study finding shows that out of 60 samples in risk level of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) among patients with chest pain in emergency department by using HEART Score 36(60%) had high risk, 13(21.7%) had intermediate risk and11(18.3%)had low risk. Conclusion: The chest pain is the most associate feature of major adverse cardiac events in the conditions. Chest pain is a common presentation at the Emergency Room. Rapid identification level of risk acute coronary syndrome (ACS)isacrucial component of thetriage. HEART Score is an efficient score in triaging acute chest pain patients at the Emergency Department


Abstract : The ultimate goal of the work in the Gulf of Lions was to understand the relationships between sediment transport and accumulation in shelf and slope environments, and how they lead to the formation and preservation of sedimentary strata in the seabed. The goal of the tidal-flats project during the past year was to initiate pilot studies in tidal mud flats (Willapa Bay) and sand flats (Skagit Bay). The objectives of research during FY08 were to: 1) submit and publish papers about: Rhone flood deposits; off-shelf transport into Cap Creus and Lacaze-Duthiers canyons; and an integrated evaluation of the Gulf of Lions sediment dispersal system; 2) collect samples and data regarding sedimentation in Willapa and Skagit Bays, and use these to collaboratively design more complex field/lab studies for FY09; 3) provide logistical support for the community of ONR-funded scientists working in Willapa and Skagit Bays.


To evaluate the effect of different kinds and dripper spacings used in the melon cultivation, under two plant densities, a study was conducted at 'Sao Joao' farm, in the municipal district of Mossoro, RN, during the period of September to November, 1998. The experimental design was a completely randomized block in a split-plot layout, with three replications. The different dripper lines were installed in main plots (Katif 2.3 L h-1 at 0.40 and 0.60 m; Katif 3.75 L h-1 at 0.60 and 0.80 m; Hydrodrip II 2.3 L h-1 at 0.30 and 0.50 m; Netafim ST - 125 1.65 L h-1 at 0.50 m; Chapin 15 Mil 1.12 L h-1 at 0.30 m and Queen gil 1.42 L h-1 at 0.30 m) and, in subplots, the populations of 15,000 and 20,000 plants ha-1. The results showed that the stand percentage was higher in the dripper of smaller spacing and discharge and for higher plant density. The dripper lines Queen gil 1.42 L h-1 at 0.30 m and Hydrodrip II 2.3 L h-1 at 0.30 m presented higher melon yield although statistically differing only to Chapin 15 Mil 1.12 L h-1 at 0.30 m.


The possibility of massive catalysts synthesis using the mechanochemical activation (MCA), which is the basis for a non-waste technology of production of catalysts with particle sizes less than 10 microns is shown in the work. The predecessors of Ni-Mo catalysts for hydrogenation processes were synthesized by MCA. The chemical, phase composition and specific surface area of mechanically-activated composites with an atomic ratio of Ni: Mo = 1,0 and 1,4 were studied using the methods of DTA, XRD, TPR and low-temperature adsorption. It was established that during a joint MCA of salts containing Ni-and Mo-, solid-state reactions take place with the formation of complex X-ray amorphous compounds, which, after heating at 520 °С form nickel molybdates, which almost entirely composed of highly modified β-NiMoO4, sulfide which leads to the formation of phases MoS2, Ni3S2. There is comparative testing of sulfide catalysts – massive (Ni : Mo = 1,4), and commercial supported in the model conversion reactions of 1-methylnaphthalene and dibenzothiophene at 350 °C, 3,5 MPa pressure, mass flow rate of feed 2 h–1, the ratio of hydrogen/materials equal 600. The conclusion about the higher hydrogenating activity of the massive catalyst is made by composition of the conversion products of 1-methylnaphthalene and dibenzothiophene.


During the development of embedded software, the system context (mechanical, electronical, business, etc.) has to be considered. Typically, this context is diverse and highly complex. Moreover, the context in which the system is embedded can vary. For example, the system can be used in different technical environments or in different countries. This variability in the context influences the software to be developed and typically leads to system variability. This paper systematically analyses the impact of context variability on the system development, more precisely, on the variability of the system. Related work is discussed and an example from the automotive domain is presented to identify open issues that need to be addressed.


The escalation of fake news and images during times of crisis and uncertainty is not a new phenomenon, but something quantitatively and qualitatively different is happening now. This chapter adopts an aesthetic approach to locate fake images in the gap between a form of representation and the representation itself. Anxiety with fake images deployed by the radical right during the refugee crisis is about a politics of manipulation within that gap, which enables an image to be re-appropriated or altered fundamentally in ways that reorder the range of possible interpretations to fit a pre-determined narrative. While fake images are not their exclusive preserve, the radical right is widely associated with them, and this chapter explores an aesthetic conceptualisation of fake images through an analysis of the La Vlora fake image, which was used to buttress their invasion narrative. The chapter argues that the affective power of re-imaging was derived from a nativist ideology and a storyline that echoed a dystopic, anti-immigration novel that has assumed cult status in extremist circles.


Abstract Let $M$ be a closed, oriented, and connected Riemannian $n$ -manifold, for $n\geq 2$ , which is not a rational homology sphere. We show that, for a non-constant and non-injective uniformly quasiregular self-map $f:M\rightarrow M$ , the topological entropy $h(f)$ is $\log \deg f$ . This proves Shub's entropy conjecture in this case.


Abstract Currently, unhealthy food environments are a major influence on food and beverage choices and nutritional status throughout Europe. Improving population diets for both public health and environmental sustainability requires a comprehensive response from multiple stakeholders, including governments, private sector organisations, non-government organisations, and consumers. Amongst these groups, companies across the food industry have been highlighted by the World Health Organization (WHO) and other international organizations as having an important role in addressing obesity and chronic diseases (NCDs) as well as unsustainable food systems. The need for broad-based action has led to an increased focus on increasing the accountability of several sectors in the food industry for taking action to address the problem, including through rigorous monitoring and benchmarking of their commitments and performance against independent targets. The INFORMAS (International Network for Food and Obesity/NCDs Research, Monitoring and Action Support) developed the Business Impact Assessment on population nutrition and obesity (BIA-Obesity) and the Business Impact Assessment on sustainability (BIA-Sustainability) to assess the commitments and practices of several food industry sectors (packaged food and non-alcoholic beverages, quick service restaurants, supermarkets, caterers) in relation to both obesity prevention and sustainable food systems. The tools consist of a range of indicators across 6 action areas for BIA-Obesity (corporate nutrition strategy, product reformulation, product labeling, product and brand promotion, product accessibility and relationships with other organizations) and 11 action areas for BIA-Sustainability (packaging, energy use, emissions, water and discharge, biodiversity, climate change adaptation, food loss and waste, environmental compliance, relationships with other organisations, corporate sustainability strategy and reducing ruminant-based products). In addition, methods have been developed to assess the corporate political activities as well as the market structure and dynamics of several food industries. Corporate political activities of the food industry across sectors are generally assessed using a range of publicly available data sourced from the industry itself, governments, the media and other sources. The workshop will discuss the latest findings on the commitments, practices, market structure and dynamics and corporate political activities of the food industry in relation to both obesity prevention and sustainable food systems across food industry sectors in Europe, as well as the next steps, both in terms of innovations in methodologies, different target sectors as well as in terms of using the results for better holding to account these actors in order to address obesity as well as unsustainable food systems in Europe. Key messages • Monitoring and benchmarking the commitments and practices of the food industry across sectors is key to increase accountability for action. • Substantial changes to the structural and regulatory conditions of corporate food systems are needed to improve population and planetary health.


Insider threats significantly impact businesses as well as governments and military organizations. The focus of threats has shifted from external attack to within organizations where authorized users have become potential insider threats. Existing insider threats detection methods, such as the rule-based approach rely on expert knowledge making it not robust. An insider threat detection method is proposed based on email user behaviour and anomaly detection algorithms to overcome this limitation. An email content based on the IT administrator role is constructed from the CERT r6.2 dataset using natural language pre-processing modules. Topic modelling is performed on the dataset to generate a vector space, which serves as input to anomaly detection algorithms to detect malicious email contents. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed model has an 89% detection rate over the baseline model. A combination of K-means and PCA anomaly detection algorithms yielded a good detection rate of 89% for 1%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, and 30% cut-off values anomaly scores.


Thank you very much for downloading clashing views on controversial issues in drugs and society. As you may know, people have look numerous times for their favorite books like this clashing views on controversial issues in drugs and society, but end up in malicious downloads. Rather than reading a good book with a cup of coffee in the afternoon, instead they cope with some harmful bugs inside their laptop.


As environmental crises brought on by climate change and resource and biodiversity depletion gain in geopolitical importance, the capacity of states to manage nature has come under renewed scrutiny. Forests, in particular, have come to constitute both an area of strategic political and economic interest for states, corporations, and international organizations and a symbol of shrinking wilderness in need of conservation and protection. The capacity for producing transparent knowledge about forests is central to efforts to assign them value as wildlife preserves, timber sources, or nodes in global carbon markets. Calls for greater transparency and more local participation in environmental governance are also shaping how states approach the ownership and management of forests. In Instituting Nature, Andrew S. Mathews presents a detailed "vertical slice" ethnography of the encounters between state bureaucrats and indigenous Zapotec communities in Mexico's Sierra Juarez, firmly grounded in the history of modern Mexican forestry as well as broader theoretical debates around the relationship between knowledge production and bureaucratic power. Projects for managing landscapes are also projects for managing populations, as well as for amassing wealth and political power. This means that in order to grasp how Zapotec communities come to adopt industrial forestry practices and eventually use them against the state to manage their forests autonomously, we need to first understand the nature of bureaucratic practice and scientific expertise. In addressing these questions, Mathews draws out two important themes: the history of dynamic interaction between human and forest communities in the Sierra Juarez of Oaxaca, and the relationship between state power and the production of environmental knowledge in twentieth-century Mexico. Mathews begins by considering how ideas about forests and forest management travel and how they come to serve as resources both for bureaucratic agents of the Mexican state and for their interlocutors in forest communities. He outlines


Fr. 7 of Diogenes of Oenoanda probably preserves a quotation from a letter by Epicurus on his shipwreck. This letter might have been known to Lucretius, inspiring the introduction to the second book of his poem De rerum natura.


Abstract. A shape descriptor and a complete shape-based recognition system using slice images as geometric feature descriptor for ladar range images are introduced. A slice image is a two-dimensional image generated by three-dimensional Hough transform and the corresponding mathematical transformation. The system consists of two processes, the model library construction and recognition. In the model library construction process, a series of range images are obtained after the model object is sampled at preset attitude angles. Then, all the range images are converted into slice images. The number of slice images is reduced by clustering analysis and finding a representation to reduce the size of the model library. In the recognition process, the slice image of the scene is compared with the slice image in the model library. The recognition results depend on the comparison. Simulated ladar range images are used to analyze the recognition and misjudgment rates, and comparison between the slice image representation method and moment invariants representation method is performed. The experimental results show that whether in conditions without noise or with ladar noise, the system has a high recognition rate and low misjudgment rate. The comparison experiment demonstrates that the slice image has better representation ability than moment invariants.


Migrants who live in Switzerland without valid residence papers find themselves in a complex and contradictory legal position. Even though they are entitled to a great number of rights, they are rarely able to claim them in practice. This paper analyzes the challenges that migrants with irregular status face when enforcing their rights. Furthermore, a strategy that could potentially serve as a remedy to their lacking access to justice is explored; the approach of urban citizenship and the introduction of city ID cards.


Objective The long-term efficacy of endoscopic ligation for bleeding esophageal varices (EV) was assessed. Methods Multiple rubber band ligator ( Wilson-Cook's or Microvasive Co's product ) was used to ligatebleeding EV in 58 patients who were followed up for 50 months. Results The rates of complete and incomplete elimination of EV attained 77.6 and 22.4 percent respectively. The rate of recurrence of EV reached 44.8 percent, mostly seen between 5 and 24 month after ligation. Rebleeding and death occurred in 24.1 and 22.4 percent of cases respectively. Conclusion Though EV ligation is a method ofchoice for bleeding EV,the recurrence rate maintained still high in follow-ups. The long-term consequences are to be improved


A numerical case study of stub type abutment consist of square wall pile and retaining wall has been done for its possible application. The FEM analysis using 3 dimensional elements is performed for defining its characteristic behaviors with respect to its construction sequence. The results indicate that the pre-construction of reinforced wall before installation of the square wall pile is more effective in the view point of the displacement and stress.


This research article exhibits grounded memristor emulator circuit. It includes a single Differential Voltage Current Conveyor Transconductance Amplifier (DVCCTA) as an active block with few grounded passive components. The incremental and decremental configurations for the proposed memristor can be achieved through a simple flip of the input ports. The proposed model also provides a resistor-based controllability feature. The workability of the proposed memristor has been demonstrated using PSPICE simulation with CMOS 0.18 μm TSMC technology parameter. The operating frequency and tunability responses in the current-voltage (I-V) plane have been verified in the simulation section and can operate in the megahertz range, showing acceptable accord with the theory. Furthermore, Monte Carlo process analysis, as well as the single and parallel-connected structure, have been analyzed to examine the robustness of the proposed ME model. The proposed emulator circuit is grounded, straightforward and prohibits the use of extra sub-circuit elements making it suitable for integrated circuits implementation.


A novel antifreeze protein from wheat bran(wb AFP) was purified and the amino acid composition and the secondary structure were studied. This AFP was purified by four steps:crude extracted,ammonium sulfate precipitation, anion- exchange chromatography on a DEAE- cellulose- 26 column, and size- exclusion chromatography on a Sephadex G75 column. As a result,wb AFP was purified 449.99 fold,yielding a productivity of 4.17%. The molecular weight was 11.2 ku and the thermal hysteresis activity(THA) was 0.169 ℃ at a concentration of 5 mg/m L. The result of amino acid composition of wb AFP showed that it was glycine-rich(52.08 mol%) and had a relatively high hydrophilicity. Compared with several common antifreeze glycoproteins(AFGPs) it was inferred that wb AFP was related with cold-inducible protein. The secondary structure was determined by FT-IR spectra. The results were summarized as α-helix of 25.96%~26.52%,β-sheet of 21.69%~23.78%,β-turn of 35.31%~37.61% and random coil of 13.69%~15.08%.


This paper aims to establish outer space as a mainstream concern of critical geography. More than half a century after humans first cast their instruments into orbit, contemporary human geography has been slow to explore the myriad connections that tie social life on Earth to the celestial realm. My starting point is a return to an early-modern geographical imagination that acknowledges the reciprocity between heaven and earth. Although other disciplinary engagements are discussed, this project represents the first systematic attempt to explore how outer space both challenges and reanimates the `geo' of geography. The example of Global Satellite Navigation Systems is used to illustrate what is currently at stake in the military contest for geopolitical control of Earth's orbit. Nigel Thrift's work on the technological refashioning of precognitive sociality is contextualized within those systems of state geopower that sustain the everyday uplinking and downlinking to and from space hardware. Lastly, the paper offers a critique of the application of classical geopolitics to outer space in the form of `astropolitics' and its will-to-power variant of Astropolitik.


A child with ambiguous genitalia at birth was studied over 17 years. Both a penis with hypospadias and a vagina was shown to be present. Laparotomy at the age of one year showed an uterus - on the right side no gonad, but a hypoplastic fallopian tube could be seen - on the left side a gonad, shown to be infantile testis and a normal fallopian tube. The sex of rearing changed during time: girl/boy/girl. At the age of 14 hormonal study showed a very raised FSH and LH, in spite of the presence of a testis producing testosterone causing progressive virilisation. The left testis was removed, it showed Sertoli cells and a few germinative cells in the tubules and Leydig cell hyperplasia. A biopsy from the place of the ovary on the right side showed ovarian stroma, no primordial follicles. This sort of hermaphroditism with a dysgenetic testis and a "streak gonad" is called mixed gonadal dysgenesis or asymmetrical gonadal dysgenesis. Chromosome analysis showed a mosaic of 71% 46 XY and 29% 45 XO (blood) cells. Further analysis on the patient and the parents made a structurally abnormal Y-chromosome, a chimera and mosaicism due to simple non-disjunction improbable. It is concluded, that this case of asymmetrical gonadal dysgenesis must be due to anaphase lag. The course and the sex of rearing is discussed.


T his article is a survey of China's conventional military power and its implications. It examines China's contemporary conventional capabilities, especially in fighting territorial conflicts in the post-Cold War era.' This article focuses on the Chinese conventional military moving toward advanced technology, technocratic orientation, and cutting-edge military applications, such as cyberspace warfare or space-based weapons, and away from the ideological orientation and dependence on massed tactics and low-tech approaches. This article is divided into several sections People's Liberation Army (PLA), the People's Liberation Army Air Force (PLAAF), and the People's Liberation Army Navy (PLAN), which are followed by an analysis of regional military alliances, China's relationship with the United States, and technological trends and projections, including that the Chinese view hi-tech, all dimensional warfare (including cyberspace and outer space) as their best deterrent in the current East Asian security environment. Several trends are discernible: there are clear anxieties regarding the possibility of local territorial conflicts, whether in Taiwan or the contested offshore islands, as well as the perceived need to balance U.S. power in East Asia.


The halal industry has experienced substantial growth in recent years, with an estimated value of USD 2.3 trillion. This rapid expansion has positioned the halal market as a promising sector with significant potential in the global economy. Interestingly, the market has transcended its traditional Muslim consumer base, attracting non-Muslims as well. This paper aims to provide an in-depth analysis of the global halal industry, focusing on the potencies and opportunities it presents within the worldwide market. Specifically, it seeks to identify the factors that drive the demand for halal products in Malaysia and Indonesia and examine the potential for these countries to become leaders in meeting global halal requirements. The research methodology employed in this study relies on secondary data from reputable journals and proceedings. The findings indicate that the GDP of Malaysia and Indonesia exerts a positive and significant influence on the halal market. Both countries exhibit similar potentials and opportunities in the halal sector, although their rates of expansion may vary based on market-specific factors and duration of market presence. The insights derived from this research aim to inform future researchers, scholars, practitioners, and policymakers, aiding them in making informed decisions regarding the strategic development of the halal market. By understanding the realities and opportunities of the global halal industry, stakeholders can navigate a path towards sustainable growth and capitalize on the emerging prospects within the halal market.


Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), an important forage grass species in temperate regions, is genetically improved by population breeding. Although valued for their broad genetic base, the resulting synthetic varieties only partially exploit heterosis. Hybrid breeding offers opportunities to fix beneficial heterotic patterns more effectively and, hence, to increase the yield potential. A suspected bottleneck in the production of perennial ryegrass hybrids is the genetic intermixture of existing germplasm, impeding the definition of heterotic groups. In this study, selected parental populations of a diploid and tetraploid cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS)-based hybrid breeding program were characterized using genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS). Hybrid populations, derived from 26 parental combinations of the tetraploid breeding program, were tested for yield performance and compared to synthetic varieties at five sites over four growing seasons. The hybrids significantly outperformed the synthetics by 4.15% on average for total dry matter yield. Additionally, GBS revealed the existence of sub-populations within the tetraploid CMS germplasm. This sub-population structure represents the untapped potential that could be exploited for heterosis to further increase biomass yields. Here, we show that CMS hybrids generate substantial yield gains in perennial ryegrass and provide a method to further improve hybrid breeding, using GBS to select for heterotic groups.


Dividend policy is a profit decision whether the profits to be obtained by the company at the end of the period will be distributed to shareholders or will be retained as retained earnings. Dividend policy in this study uses the Dividend Payout Ratio (DPR) formula. To see how the influence of debt and profitability policies on dividend policy on food and beverage companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2014-2016. The research used is a quantitative approach which includes the type of research exploratory research. The population in this study were 18 companies and a sample of 9 companies. The results of the analysis show that Debt and Profitability Policy influences the dividend policy on Food and Beverage Companies listed on the Stock Exchange in 2014-2016. Characteristics of food and beverage companies tend to finance companies by using debt for dividend distribution. Keywords : debt policy, profitability and dividend policy


It is well-known that neutron detectors generally suffer from dead-time effects and have strong limitations when measuring in pulsed radiation fields. An active neutron monitor based on a BF3 proportional counter and logarithmic electronics was developed to withstand pulsed fields with high intensity, very short duration and high repetition rate. This paper discusses results of preliminary measurements carried out at the Italian National Hadrontherapy Center (CNAO) in Pavia and at the San Raffaele Hospital in Milan. In the first case neutrons were produced by 7 MeV protons accelerated by a LINAC and impinging on a copper Faraday cup. In the second case an electron radiotherapy LINAC produced energy-tunable bremsstrahlung x-rays beams up to 18 MV with an associated neutron component. The neutron monitor was capable to withstand neutron reaction rates up to 2·10 6 s -1 without showing saturation effects. A promising technique is also shown to reject very intense, pulsed gamma fields, due to the innovative operating principle of the detector.


Today many countries are participating in the implementation of the sustainable development goals in the framework of the global agenda 2030. The G-7 countries, having significant economic and political potential, play a special role in ensuring the sustainable development of the world. Despite the similarity of the political positions of the world's largest economies on many pressing problems, each of them acts in its own way in the sphere of sustainable national development. The authors of the article intend to find similarities and differences in the actions of the G-7 countries to achieve the sustainable development goals. In this regard, a review of the G-7 national sustainable development strategies was carried out. As a result of the study, regularities are revealed and the features of the policies of these countries in the implementation of sustainable development goals in the period from 2010 to 2020 are presented.


Abstract : This research project is designed to facilitate an understanding of Soviet tactics at the regimental level and below and to draw attention to material available for additional study of Soviet tactics. This paper is the result of analyzing numerous primary and secondary sources to ascertain which forms of tactics the Soviets use and which forms we, as US authors, say they use. A review of recent Soviet tactical exercises was used to confirm their implementation of espoused tactical doctrine. The meeting engagement, the offense, the defense, and the withdrawal are the forms of tactics. A chapter is devoted to each form and possible implementation under given circumstances if postulated. Organization for combat and necessary support elements are included to serve as an aid to wargamers.


The invention provides a street lamp control system, comprising a street lamp monitor center and a plurality of street lamp groups. Each street lamp group comprises a plurality of sequentially adjacent street lamps, one street lamp in each street lamp group is a main street lamp and the residual street lamps in each street lamp group are sub street lamps. Each street lamp comprises a light emitting diode, a power supply change-over module, a drive module, a control module and a radio-frequency module. The main street lamp in each street lamp group comprises an outer control interface and each main street lamp is communicated with the street lamp monitor center by the outer control interface itself, an outer control signal is sent to each main street lamp by the street lamp monitor center, the main street lamp sends the outer control signal to the adjacent sub street lamp in same group in a wireless way by the radio-frequency module itself and each street lamp controls the light emitting diode itself according to the outer control signal. Thus the centralized control of the street lamp groups is realized.


The Moulin-Shenker rule (Sprumont (1998)) is a nonlinear solution concept for solving heterogeneous cost sharing problems. The first part of the paper shows an axiomatic characterization of this solution using bounds on cost shares and consistency. The second part is devoted to differential games for heterogeneous production problems. It is shown for 2-player games that by an appropriate choice of the game dynamics there is essentially a unique Markov perfect Nash equilibrium. An axiomatic analysis follows for the appropriate game dynamics, which leads in turn to a strategic characterization of the Moulin-Shenker rule.


Objective To observe the changes of antipaternal lymphocyte antibody (APLA) after the therapy and investigate the effect of the treatment of recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) by active immunotherapy. Methods Seventy-eight unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion (URSA) women were immunized by their husband's lymphocytes for 3 months.Results The their anti-paternal lymphocyte antibody (APLA) positive rate was 6.54% before immunization,After immunization,the APLA positive rate increased to 94.87%.positive rate were significanty different from that of before the active immunotherapy (P0.01).The successful pregnancy rate was 90.77% following immunization.Significantly higher than that of the control group (43.75%).Conclusion The third party and their husband' s lymphocytes immunization could effectively stimulate the aborters of lowered APLA to produce blocking abtibodies,leading to successful pregnancy.


Alfiah Tri Hastutik
Relationship between Anxiety and Hope In Bidikmisi Students of Nursing Department, Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University, Semarang
xii + 131 pages + 6 tables + 2 Images + 13 Attachments

Bidikmisi students rely on received their scholarship. They hope to get a bachelor degree easily and quickly with it. In their learning process Bidikmisi students will encounter many problems that can cause anxiety situation. While hope is the positive and negative thoughts that are owned and can be built as well as believed. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between anxiety and hope in Bidikmisi students of Nursing Department, Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University. The populations of this study were 145 Bidikmisi students. The sampling technique used was total sampling technique. Method of data analysis used was Chi Square method. Measuring instruments used were SHS questionnaire (6 items) and HARS questionnaire (14 items). The Chi Square test results showed a relation between expectations with anxiety (rs = - 0.016; p <0.05). The higher of hope so the more light the students feel anxiety.

Keywords: Anxiety, Hope, Bidikmisi Students


Integral Imaging is a technique capable of reproducing a continuous parallax, full-color, continuous point of view, and real perspectives of the scene.Since the amount of information contained in an element image array(EIA) is far greater than ordinary image, the storage and transmission caused great difficulties. When the difference between the depths of most objects in the scene is not great, and the distance from the camera to the objects is not far. For the above case, this paper proposes a method to compress the element images(EIs) . Since the resolution of each element image(EI) is small, so the matching displacements of all pixels in one EI are nearly the same. For instance, one Integral Image is composed of 12×1 EIs, and each resolution of each EI is 20×20. If the matching displacement between adjacent EIs is 5 pixels, then pick out 1 EI from every 4 EIs at the same interval, so we can get 3 EIs. Next, splice the 3 EIs together to form one image. Processing the remaining EIs in the same way, at last we can get a total of 4 spliced images. Compress the 4 spliced images with video compression method.


Although it has not always been recognized that stress can cause both psychological and physiological symptoms, medical science does so today. Few events are more stressful than war, and a rich literature examines the relationship between combat-induced stress and various symptoms manifested by soldiers, sailors, and airmen. During and after every war this nation has fought, members of its armed forces have suffered ill effects from combat-related stress, and the Persian Gulf War was no exception. But the Gulf War was unusual. First, it was mostly an air war and against an overmatched enemy. After the first few days, coalition aircraft owned the skies, and the Iraqi air defenses posed only a marginal threat. Second, it was short. The air war lasted less than two months, and the ground war was even shorter, lasting a matter of days. The huge disparity between the coalition forces and those of Iraq not only translated into a short war but also into one of few casualties for the coalition. The United States sustained fewer than 200 killed, an unusually low number of casualties given the number of forces arrayed on both sides and the lethality of their equipment. But one of the most striking aspects of the Gulf War appeared after it was over. Thousands of veterans began reporting a wide variety of symptoms, ranging from sleeplessness, to aching joints, to memory loss that remained undiag-nosed. Many of the symptoms are evocative of those reported by veterans of previous wars and attributed to the psychological trauma of combat. While multiple pathways are being followed in an effort to determine the cause of these symptoms, the fact that at least some of the symptoms mirror those caused by combat-induced stress in previous wars raises the possibility that stress plays a role here as well. This report investigates that possibility (i.e., that stress might have played a role in some of the undiagnosed illnesses among Persian Gulf War veterans xviii Psychological and Psychosocial Consequences of Combat and Deployment (PGWV)), but the task is complex because the relationship between stress and physical and psychological symptoms is complex. The physical and psychological interact with each other, serving as both cause and effect. Individual differences make the task of teasing out cause from effect even more difficult. Two soldiers exposed to the same combat situation may react very differently. Also, how they react is shaped, in part, by …


Besides loudness, other psychoacoustic parameters like sharpness and roughness are important for sound quality evaluation. Sharpness considers the relationship between the loudness of high frequency components and total loudness, and roughness evaluates modulation characteristics. While loudness of stationary sounds has been standardized for decades, standards for sharpness of stationary sounds and for loudness of time-varying sounds have been published in 2009 (DIN 45692:2009-08) and 2010 (DIN 45631/A1:2010-03), respectively. In addition, there are several roughness models available, performing more or less well for synthetic and selected technical signals. Currently, a roughness standard is under discussion in a DIN working group. In recent listening tests, the subjects showed consistent overall roughness evaluation of synthetic signals but heterogeneous judgments concerning the more complex technical sounds containing distinct rough components. The results of the listening test will be discussed and compared with the evaluation by several models like the roughness calculation using the hearing model of Sottek and an approach based on a psychoacoustically weighted modulation spectrum.


Locating atoms with higher precision Two major problems that limit the resolution and interpretation of electron microscopy images are lens aberrations and multiple scattering. Chen et al. overcame these issues with ptychography, a technique that uses coherent scattering and multiple overlapping illumination spots to reconstruct an image from far-field diffraction patterns. This method works at a resolution that is limited, not by optics, but rather by the scattering strength of the sample, so it can work better with thicker samples. The authors achieved ultimate lateral resolution better than the thermal vibration of atoms in a PrScO3 sample and showed that it is theoretically possible to identify single dopant atoms. Science, abg2533, this issue p. 826 Electron ptychography can reach atomic resolution that is only limited by lattice vibrations. Transmission electron microscopes use electrons with wavelengths of a few picometers, potentially capable of imaging individual atoms in solids at a resolution ultimately set by the intrinsic size of an atom. However, owing to lens aberrations and multiple scattering of electrons in the sample, the image resolution is reduced by a factor of 3 to 10. By inversely solving the multiple scattering problem and overcoming the electron-probe aberrations using electron ptychography, we demonstrate an instrumental blurring of less than 20 picometers and a linear phase response in thick samples. The measured widths of atomic columns are limited by thermal fluctuations of the atoms. Our method is also capable of locating embedded atomic dopant atoms in all three dimensions with subnanometer precision from only a single projection measurement.


In the published paper titled "Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism Associated with Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telengiectasia," there are spelling mistakes in the title and the authors' names. Also, all authors' names and surnames are in reverse order. The corrected title and authors list are listed here.


Autopilot actuator includes a first and second motors, each motor includes a rotatable motor output shaft, such that any one or two motors can drive the actuator motor output shaft. Autopilot close to the main unit housing for cyclic pitch lever manner detachably mounted to the helicopter, and are typically housed autopilot actuator master autopilot and an electronic device. Periodic vibration isolators by the actuator shaft is detachably supported so as to rotate together with the actuator shaft, and a lever connected with cyclic pitch period to attenuate frequency of vibration at the shaft of the actuator, while the actuator under resonance frequency Periodic rotation of the output actuator shaft connected to the pitch lever. Force limiter comprises a variable length link between the first and second ends and a first end and second ends. When the force is less than a dislocation force is applied, the force limiter having a relaxed length of the link, when the applied force exceeds the force of dislocation, a variable length varied to allow the driver to override.


Despite the rich and fruitful history of the integrability approach to string theory on the $AdS_3\times S^3\times T^4$ background, it has not been possible to extract many concrete predictions from integrability, except in a strict asymptotic regime of large quantum numbers, due to the severity of wrapping effects. The situation changed radically with two independent and identical proposals for the Quantum Spectral Curve (QSC) for this system in a background of pure Ramond-Ramond flux. This formulation is expected to capture all wrapping effects exactly and describe the full planar spectrum. Massless modes conjecturally manifest themselves in a new property of this QSC: the non-quadratic nature of the branch-cut singularities of the QSC Q-functions. This feature implies new technical challenges in solving the QSC equations as compared to the well-studied case of N=4 SYM. In this paper we resolve these difficulties and obtain the first ever predictions for generic unprotected string excitations. We explain how to extract a systematic expansion around the analogue of the weak 't Hooft coupling limit in N=4 SYM and also obtain high-precision numerical results. This concrete data and others obtainable from the QSC could help to identify the so-far mysterious dual CFT.


The declining competitiveness of American industry and the increasing vulnerability of the U.S. economy have been major public policy issues since the 1970s. The U.S. political system has, however, produced little in the way of a coherent policy response. The absence of a sustained response is particularly perplexing to those who believe there are models of effective industrial policy in Japan and, to a lesser extent, in France and Germany. If the historical experiences of other countries reveal what sorts of industrial policies succeed, why are U.S. policymakers not responding? Both William Dietrich, whose In the Shadow of the Rising Sun analyzes the sources of Japanese success and American decline, and Otis Graham, who reviews the industrial policy debates of the 1980s in Losing Time, find the source of American failure in the politics of industrial policy. However, the inferences they draw from this shared conclusion differ in subtle, but very significant, ways.


The Latin Hypercube Sampling (LHS) method is a numerical simulation method of the Monte Carlo type convenient for realisation of probabilistic analyses. The paper is focused on brief characterisation of algorithm of LHS method. It deals with method modifications and implementation of statistical correlation among random variables based on the optimisation of the sequence of particular samples in the columns of input variable matrix. LHS converges to the correct solution significantly faster than the Monte Carlo method and in this way substantially reduces the number of simulations and thus calculation time-demands. At the same time LHS preserves high accuracy of estimates of statistical characteristics. Further paper summarizes the LHS applications on solutions of geotechnical problems in Czech Republic and shortly characterises prepared software focused on probabilistic analyses by LHS method. The software is based on LHS mean method cooperating with simulated annealing method to take the statistical dependency of input variables into consideration.


Patients with recurrent glioma have limited treatment options. The anti‒ PD-1 monoclonal antibody pembrolizumab demonstrated antitumor activity as monotherapy in a subset of patients with PD-L1–positive recurrent glioblastoma (GBM) in the KEYNOTE-028 study; and durable clinical benefit in patients with previously treated unresectable/metastatic MSI-H/dMMR non-colorectal tumors in the multicohort KEYNOTE-158 (NCT02628067) study. We report outcomes with pembrolizumab in patients with MSI-H/dMMR recurrent glioma enrolled in KEYNOTE-158.

 Adults with MSI-H/dMMR recurrent glioma, measurable disease per RECIST v1.1, ECOG PS 0/1, and tumor sample for biomarker analysis were eligible for cohort K (any MSI-H/dMMR advanced solid tumor, except colorectal cancer; local, prospective determination of MSI-H/dMMR status by PCR and/or IHC). Patients received pembrolizumab 200 mg Q3W for up to 35 cycles or until PD/unacceptable AEs (clinically stable patients could continue treatment until PD confirmed after ≥ 4 weeks). Primary endpoint was ORR per RECIST v1.1 by independent central review.

 Among 21 enrolled patients, all received prior temozolomide, 12 (57%) received prior bevacizumab, and 14 (67%) received ≥ 2 prior lines of therapy. 14 (67%) patients had GBM, 4 (19%) had oligodendroglioma/oligoastrocytoma, and 3 (14%) had glioma NOS. Median time from first dose to data cutoff (January 12, 2022): 50.0 months; 19 (90%) patients discontinued treatment. 1 patient with GBM had PR (ORR, 4.8% [95%CI, 0.1%‒23.8%]); duration of response was 18.9 months, PFS 29.2 months, and OS 32.7 months. 3 (14%) patients had SD; PFS was 23.2, 14.5, and 3.3 months; OS was 23.2, 15.1, and 9.1 months. Overall, median PFS and OS (95%CI) were 1.4 (1.0‒2.1) months and 5.6 (2.6‒16.2) months. Treatment-related AEs occurred in 7 (33%) patients (grade 3/4, n = 1; no grade 5) and led to discontinuation in 1 (5%) patient.

 Pembrolizumab demonstrated antitumor activity with manageable toxicity in a small subset of patients with relapsing/refractory MSI-H/dMMR glioma.


The transport of momentum, heat and pollutants over urban areas take place within an atmospheric boundary layer (ABL). The mixing properties of the ABL depend strongly on the ground-air interactions, and thus on the surface morphology. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) models of various degrees of description of involved physical processes are used in studies of the ABL processes over urban areas. In large-scale models the surface morphology is typically modeled by means of simple scalar measures of surface roughness. This is a highly simplified approach and cannot provide new insight into the details of the ground-air interactions processes taking place in the lowest part of urban ABL, the roughness layer. To understand these processes and to assess and further develop better simplified models for them, so called obstacle resolving numerical simulations are needed. This means that a morphology model of the urban area is required [1]. In this study a morphological database is created for the city of Paris, France, based mostly on remote sensed data. The database has two resolution levels and areas. A high resolution area is located in southern Paris in the vicinity of Place d'Itale and its area is 6x3 km. The coarse resolution area is the whole Paris inside beltway and its surroundings, an area of 13x10 km. The database is created using Optical images, digital maps and SAR interferometry. The sources of optical images and digital maps are public internet map services e.g. Google Maps and Microsoft Virtual Earth. SAR images are obtained from ESA's Envisat ASAR instrument. Another public source for the morphological database was NASA's SRTM database. The database consists of several layers. These layers hold information from streets and roads, parks and cemeteries, water bodies, buildings, trees, terrains digital elevation model as well as building height. The layer extraction and creation methods include supervised classification and interferometric coherence manipulation [2].


Using known techniques of desingularization for singular plane projective curves over finite fields F/sub q/, q=2/sup m/, we found several new binary plane projective curves of genus 3, 4, and 5 with the maximal number of F/sub q/-rational points (q=2/sup m/, m=3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9) on their smooth projective models, which are close to or meet Serre's upper bound.


A minority of rabbits immunized daily with soluble preparations of heterologous serum albumin respond with the formation of non-precipitating antibodies. Precipitating and non-precipitating antibodies, in the present study, were similar with regard to electrophoretic distribution, molecular size, and elution appearing on DEAE Sephadex. Guinea-pig antisera against purified non-precipitating antibodies did not recognize unique antigenic determinants. The present studies suggest that non-precipitating antibodies result from a limited recognition of multiple antigenic determinants on complex antigens.


1 Lecturer in Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330 2 Ph.D. candidate in Biotechnology Program, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330 * Corresponding author: Phone: 0-2218-8073 Fax: 0-2253-3543 E-mail: email@example.com Significance of filamentous fungal fermentation The use of filamentous fungi for the production of commercially important products has increased rapidly due to an ability of fungi to produce and secrete extracellular enzymes to break down agricultural products, residues and plant biomass. In addition, filamentous fungi are competent to secrete a large amount of the heterologous protein. Due to the similar patterns of glycosylation and disulfide forming to the mammalian cell, filamentous fungi carry correct posttranslational modification processes for recombinant protein. However, filamentous fungal fermentation is widely distinguished as a complicated process due to the undesirable change in morphology during the cultivation. The change in morphology directly affects fungal growth and metabolism. Besides the genotype of the fungal strain, the environmental factors such as temperature, pH, nutrient, shear rate and oxygen transfer influence the fungal growth pattern and morphology. In this review article, we have attempted to comprehend these significant factors influencing fungal morphology and production rate under different cultivation methods.


Safety of viral vaccines; Poliovaccines as a model: ISAMU TAGAYA •c•c•c•c•c•c•c•c 296 On some problems of complications in the central nervous system due to vaccination: YASUYUKI EGASHIRA •c•c•c•c•c•c•c•c•c•c•c•c•c•c•c•c•c•c•c•c•c•c•c•c•c•c•c•c•c•c•c•c•c•c•c 297 Problems in safety of viral vaccines: AKIRA SHISHIDO •c•c•c•c•c•c•c•c•c•c•c•c•c•c•c•c 298 The safety of the toxoid of Habu (Trimeresurus flavoviriclis) venom: HI5A5HI KONDO AND RYOSUKE MURATA •c•c•c•c•c•c•c•c•c•c•c•c•c•c•c•c•c•c•c•c•c•c•c•c•c•c•c•c•c•c•c•c•c•c•c•c•c 299


Objective
To study the therapeutic effects of arthroscopic debridement combined with sodium hyaluronate injection in treatment of Kashin-Beck disease with ankle arthritis.

Methods
Using prospective study, Kashin-Beck disease patients with ankle arthritis, who had underwent arthroscopic debridement combined with sodium hyaluronate injection, were selected as study subjects. X-ray stratification was performed based on Kellgren-Lawrence grading method, grade 1, 2, 3 were studied, if there were fewer patients at grade 1, then merge with grade 2. Visual analogue scale (VAS), anterior and posterior ankle activity and ankle hindfoot score were used to evaluate the effects before and 3, 6, 12 months after the treatment.

Results
Totally 33 patients were collected, VAS scores (6.9 ± 0.2, 2.9 ± 0.2, 2.1 ± 0.1, 1.9 ± 0.1), anterior and posterior ankle activities (20.9 ± 0.6, 31.5 ± 0.6, 32.1 ± 0.6, 34.1 ± 0.4), and ankle hindfoot scores (51.3 ± 0.5, 70.8 ± 1.1, 76.0 ± 0.9, 77.0 ± 0.9) before and 3, 6, 12 months after the treatment, were compared, and the differences were statistically significant (F= 267.47, 703.09, 756.49, P < 0.01). VAS scores (7.0 ± 0.2, 2.8 ± 0.2, 1.7 ± 0.1, 1.7 ± 0.1; 7.0 ± 0.3, 3.2 ± 0.3, 2.8 ± 0.2, 2.2 ± 0.2), anterior and posterior ankle activities (22.4 ± 0.7, 32.5 ± 0.6, 33.1 ± 0.6, 51.3 ± 0.5; 18.1 ± 0.9, 29.6 ± 1.0, 30.2 ± 1.0, 31.4 ± 0.9), and ankle hindfoot scores (51.6 ± 0.9, 70.9 ± 0.5, 77.7 ± 0.9, 79.1 ± 1.0; 50.6 ± 0.5, 65.5 ± 1.8, 72.8 ± 1.4, 72.9 ± 1.4) in grade 1 + grade 2, and grade 3 patients before and 3, 6, 12 months after the treatment, were compared, and the differences were statistically significant (F= 244.80, 64.04; 379.94, 498.83; 1 393.07, 159.70, P < 0.01). Compared with those before the treatment, VAS scores of all, grade 1 + grade 2, and grade 3 patients in 3, 6, 12 months after the treatment significantly decreased, anterior and posterior ankle activities and ankle hindfoot scores significantly increased (P < 0.05).

Conclusion
Arthroscopic debridement combined with sodium hyaluronate injection is effective in the treatment of Kashin-Beck with disease ankle arthritis.

Key words:
Ankle joint; Kashin-Beck disease; Arthroscopes; Hyaluronic acid


As recent buildings become more air tight, the natural ventilation rate is significantly reduced and it leads to difficulty in removing accumulated moisture in buildings. Hot and humid weather in summer and the large amount of moisture caused by indoor activity are the major factors of moisture problem in Korea. The hygrothermal performance of building environment has to be considered carefully to reduce condensation risk and mold growth potential, and comfortable indoor environment. In this study, heat and moisture performance of two different wall structures mainly used in Korea were investigated using WUFI simulation program. The water content of the various building materials, hygrothermal behavior of the wall structure, condensation risk and mould growth potential were identified to design comfort building environment.


This article is based on two American Indian cases that arose from aboriginal title claims to coastal Oregon in the U.S. Court of Claims, Coos Bay (1938) and Alcea (1946), both subsequently upheld by the U.S. Supreme Court. The cases set important precedents in judicial Indian law on the eve of the Indian Claims Commission. Coos Bay and Alcea also caused the creation of two distinct tribes of Coos Bay Indians: the Coos tribe included in the Confederated Tribes of Coos, Lower Umpqua, and Siuslaw (Coos Bay); and the Coos tribe included in the Coquille Indian Tribe (Alcea). The latter were the only Coos Indian plaintiffs eligible to join the Alcea victory after the Coos Bay loss in the Supreme Court. The division caused considerable enmity between the two tribes, an unfortunate result, which this article attempts to alleviate by examining the reasons behind the split.


This paper presents inbound tourism demand as the object of scientific research. From three aspects such as trend of international tourism demand,demand seasonality, trend of tourist prices to make a descriptive analysis on inbound tourism by listing external conditions and internal conditions of tour in Beijing,and then carry out the model analysis. The paper select data of seven origin countries to set up the model based double logarithmic on Beijing inbound tourism demand from 1996 to 2008(explanatory variables include PR_1 and PR_2).Use Eviews6.0 to estimate the model and select the equation which includes PR_1 as the model on inbound tourism demand in Beijing.The conclusion is the GDP of origin countries and relative prices are the most important impacts of Beijing inbound tourism demand in which the GDP of origin countries is the most significant impact,SRS in 2003 is also an impact,excluded the effect of Asian financial crisis struck in 1997,9.11 in 2001 and 2008 Beijing Olympics.


COURSE DESCRIPTION Objective of this course is to provide a thorough understanding of quantitative seismic interpretation used in hydrocarbon exploration and development. The participants will learn how to build an effective workflow to cope with the complex geology model, increasing data volumes, as well as the increasing complexity in the data itself. The topics range from calibration of seismic data using well logs to quantitative interpretation, the principles of volumetric interpretation and visualization techniques to reveal geological features inside a 2D or 3D volume of seismic data. By attending this course, participants will understand the following key works in seismic interpretation: • Concepts and key elements related to seismic interpretation • Complete procedure of the entire interpretation process : from acquisition, processing, interpretation to reservoir characterization • How to integrate seismic, log, rock-physics and petrophysics data • How to apply the latest principles of quantitative interpretation, volumetric seismic interpretation and visualization • How to increase the success ratio of hydrocarbon exploration, optimize reservoir development, save cost and capitalize more profits.


A new device for monitoring the environmental and operational stress profiles of products used in a wide range of environmental conditions has been developed. This device, as small as a typical credit card, is capable of recording and transmitting environmental and operational stress data. Prognostic and health monitoring models and algorithms can use this data to do prognostics of the monitored systems. This paper presents details of the construction and application of this monitoring device. Data of a field test are analyzed by sequential probability ratio test to demonstrate the failure prediction methodology.


Cotton stalk fibers were obtained through the steam-explosion pulping process and binderless fiberboards were produced from the fibers without any chemical additives. The effect of steam-exploded pressure on fiber dimension,chemistry components,and board properties was investigated in this paper. The results showed that higher steam pressure produced finer fibers with higher sugar,acids,and higher alcohol contents. It was also observed that the internal bonding strength of the binderless fiberboard was improved under higher steam exploded pressure. However,the mechanical property of the board decreased as steam pressure was increased.


ABSTRACT Daylight harvesting is a passive strategy that helps to increase occupants' productivity, mental and physical health as well as spatial quality and energy performance. Therefore, decisions regarding windows' size and placement are extremely important in the design process. Although beneficial in many ways, large windows are not an energy-efficient design decision in many climates. While daylight admitted through windows reduces the lighting load, it can cause excessive heat flow and increased cooling load. Energy standards limit the window-to-wall ratio (WWR) to 40% to balance the heat exchange and light gain. However, this general requirement does not account for climate, building type, lighting fixtures, etc. Advancements in the lighting industry have introduced efficient lighting fixtures that can change the WWR and lighting power density (LPD) code requirements for some climates. This study used a simulation method to investigate the impact of new lighting systems on facade design, WWR, energy performance, proposed changes to the code requirements, and daylight harvesting effectiveness in presence of efficient lighting fixtures. The results suggested a lower reliance on daylight and large windows with the use of efficient lighting fixtures and proposed a revision of the 40% prescriptive requirement due to the recent upgrades in lighting systems.


Objectives Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease with an average age of onset of ∼55 years. Given that aging affects many biological processes, including immunological, the patient profile and response to anti-TNF treatment may differ with age. The objective of this real-life observational Canadian study was to assess the influence of age on baseline characteristics as well as on response to treatment with Infliximab. Methods Data for this analysis were obtained from BioTRAC, an observational prospective registry of adult RA patients initiated on treatment with Infliximab since 2002 and managed as per routine care. Patients enrolled were biologic-naive or had initiated treatment with a biologic for a period of 70 years. Results Among the 545 patients comprising the study cohort, 14% were ≤40 years of age, 18% were 41-50 years-old, 31% were 61-70 years of age, while 23%, and 14% of patients belonged to the 61-70, >70 age subgroups, respectively. At baseline, a significantly higher proportion in the older subgroups were RF+ (60%, 68%, 79%, 77%, and 79% of patients, respectively) and of female gender (74%, 69%, 71%, 83%, 84% of patients, respectively). Furthermore, significant between-group differences were observed in disease duration (P Upon 6-months of treatment, remission achievement was significantly higher in younger subgroups with 41%/27%/15%/17%/13% of patients achieving DAS28-ESR remission, 31%/36%/16%/17%/17% achieving DAS28-CRP remission, 20%/27%/5.4%/11%/13% achieving SDAI remission, and 15%/13%/4%/6%/5% of patients achieving ACR/EULAR remission in the ≤40, 41-50, 51-60, 61-70, and >70 patient subgroups, respectively. However, regardless of age group, all parameters studied (morning stiffness, HAQ, ESR, CRP, TJC, SJC, SGA, PGA, SDAI, DAS28-ESR, and DAS28-CRP) significantly (P 70 years-of-age subgroup. Conclusions The results of this observational study have shown that Infliximab is effective in improving outcomes in rheumatoid arthritis over a three year period, regardless of age. However, significant variation in patient baseline characteristics and remission rates within various age groups is observed. Disclosure of Interest None Declared