IntroductionAccording to Sigmund Freud (A General Introduction to Psychoanalysis 90), dreams can be seen as a "substitute for something else, unknown to the dreamer". In Freud's theory, dreams are regarded as a "depiction of the subconscious, a screen onto which the subconscious projects its suppressed desires and hallucinations about their fulfilment" (Khapaeva & Tweddle 6). It is likely due to these aspects that dreams and dreaming have become prevalent in contemporary literature, film and television, and an outlet for a greater examination of Freud's work on the origins and nature of these "desires and hallucinations" (Eberwein). While considerable discussion exists on Freud's psychoanalytical approach to dreams (Eberwein; Khapaeva & Tweddle; Moore Jr.), as well as the theoretical parallels between dreams and the mediums of storytelling, literature and film (Rheinschmiedt; Perlmutter; Khapeava & Tweddle), there has been limited research and representation of dreams in Gothic television. The Gothic is a "malleable notion" that is able to remould itself into various narrative forms and media (Piatti-Farnell & Brien 1), and is also "about the return of the past, of the repressed and denied, the buried secret that subverts and corrodes the present, whatever the culture does not want to know or admit" (Lloyd-Smith, 1). Given that in Freudian theory, dreams are generally regarded as a vehicle for the return of suppressed desires and the unconscious, dreams and nightmares themselves can be seen as inherently Gothic. Dreams and nightmares are often spaces where characters must confront the unfamiliar, the unknown, and the unseen future, and yet, these spaces also seem to contain aspects of the familiar, the known, and the previously seen past (Moore Jr.). Taking the inherent Gothic nature of dreams and nightmares into account, this article will critically examine the representation of dreams and nightmares in "Chapter Five: Dreams in a Witch House" in Netflix's The Chilling Adventures of Sabrina (2018-present). At the end of the previous episode, "Chapter Four: Witch Academy", Sabrina inadvertently frees the sleep demon, Batibat, from her prison. In Chapter five, Batibat, in an effort to force them to release her from the house, places Sabrina, Ambrose, Zelda and Hilda into a deep sleep curse where they are tortured in their dream-turned nightmares. The episode features a number of Gothic tropes and conventions, including the return of the repressed and the unconscious, the uncanny and the double, and the blurring of the boundaries between reality and fantasy. This article will primarily focus on Ambrose, whose dream sequence highlights how dreams in Gothic texts are often spaces where the boundaries between everyday reality and fantasy scenarios become blurred, producing uncanny interactions. This can be seen in Ambrose's experience of a dream loop, where he is compelled to repeat his death over and over again; this repetition produces a blurring of the boundary between the past, present and future. Additionally, this article will discuss how the episode uses both the "aesthetics and the politics of horror and the Gothic" (Piatti-Farnell and Mercer 1), in order illustrate how the realisation of our deepest fears and anxieties in dreams and nightmares are both terrifying and horrifying. Uncanny Doubles and the Repressed Unconscious According to Royle, the uncanny is "concerned with the strange, weird, and mysterious, with a flickering sense (but not conviction) of something supernatural" (1). The uncanny is a crisis of the proper as it entails a critical disturbance of what is proper (including names, places, people), and is concerned with the familiar becoming unfamiliar. Royle argues that the uncanny is described in terms of making things uncertain and the sense that things are not as they have come to appear through habit and familiarity, which often challenges rationality or logic. According to Wheatley (3), Gothic television narratives often involve a "proclivity towards the structures and images of the uncanny" including repetitions, déjà vu, doppelgangers and the double, and severed body parts. Ambrose's dream, in particular, support's Wheatley's claim that Gothic television has a proclivity towards the images of the uncanny, as it includes a number of key features of the uncanny, including repetitions, the double, and severed body parts, are used to evoke the terror of Ambrose's pain and death. At the start of Ambrose's dream, he is in the Spellman Mortuary with Hilda opening a body bag – upon opening the bag, the corpse is revealed to be Ambrose's body. This revelation produces an uncanny effect, as the double operates as a figure of displacement in that it characteristically appears out of place to displace its host (Webber). This displacement of both self and time can be seen with Ambrose's reaction, who struggles too come to terms with seeing his double on the Mortuary table. According to Babicka, the doppelganger is perceived as both self and other, and the uncanny element is the fact that they are both familiar and strange. The encounter with other selves opens up possibilities for the uncanny, as any attempt at "a reflexive grasp of this mutual imbrication of self … involves a potential for precisely those uncanny figurations that people experience from the Gothic" (Collins & Jervis 6). After the body on the Mortuary table is revealed to be Ambrose's double, Ambrose questions his aunt Hilda about the corpse, asking "doesn't he remind you of someone, Auntie?" Collins and Jervis's claim that the doppelganger is perceived as both self and other is supported by this interaction, as Ambrose's question indicates that he recognises the corpse as himself, but given that the corpse appears to be his double, he also regards it as other. Furthermore, the uncanny resemblance between Ambrose and the corpse evokes a sense of terror and awe in him. Morris (307) argues that the uncanny "derives its terror not from something external, alien, or unknown but … something that is strangely familiar and defeats our efforts to separate ourselves from it". Terror has the potential to freeze the mind and body, and derives from whatever evokes in us an apprehension of pain or death. This apprehension of pain and death can be seen with Ambrose, as open seeing the body, a close up shot of Ambrose reveals his shock and terror of his own mortality.   Moreover, the existential threat of death which the double poses can be connected to a key theme within the Gothic and the uncanny – our compulsion to return to the repressed moment or act. According to Mishra (294), the double can be regarded as the uncanny harbinger of death, and "death is the always recurring or repeating presence that threatens the subject to which it compulsively returns". In Ambrose's dream, while his double is a direct visualisation of his death, he cannot seem to remember or understand how is body came to be on the table, as its presence appears to avoid all rational logic. In his discussion of the Gothic and psychoanalysis, Punter (307) argues that we work "continuously to maintain a simulacrum of congruence between fantasy and reality". However, those boundaries frequently blur in the most routine of everyday events, such as daydreams or dissonance between what other people mean as opposed to what we want to hear. When we can't fill in this gap in knowledge, Punter argues that this gap can call forth the uncanny which is produced when the distinction between imagination and reality is effaced. This dissonance between reality and fantasy can be seen with Ambrose's reaction, as although his double's corpse is right in front of him, he struggles to understand the gravity of the situation, and how he died.  Unlike Ambrose's dream, where the return of the repressed, his corpse, is a symbol of his desire to be free of house arrest, the return of the repressed in Sabrina's dream is more literal as Harvey remembers a memory he had previously forgotten. Botting (107) argues that the uncanny is "easily produced when the distinction between imagination and reality is effaced and occurs when infantile complexes which have been repressed are once more revived by some impression". The uncanny is the recurrence or return of the repressed – something which is familiar and old established in the mind and which has become alienated from it only through processes of repression. The return of repressed memories can be seen in Sabrina's dream, where she reveals to her then-boyfriend, Harvey, her identity as half-witch and half-mortal. This revelation causes a moment of déjà vu for Harvey who, in the dream, remembers when Sabrina had cast a spell causing Harvey to forget about Sabrina's identity. According to Royle (173), déjà vu can be defined as the "peculiar feeling or sensation that we have, in certain moments of situations, of having had exactly the same experience once before, or of having once before been in the same place". However, Royle argues that despite our best efforts, we never succeed in clearly remembering the previous occasion, and therefore the feeling of déjà vu corresponds to the recollection of an unconscious phantasy – we can never consciously remember it because it has never been conscious. In response to Sabrina's revelation, Harvey asks "why am I suddenly having a strange sense of déjà vu?" Sabrina answers: "because I told you once, in the woods, and then I made you forget". Harvey reveals that, despite Sabrina's memory spell "a part of me remembers, even when you made me forget". This revelation produces another uncanny moment where a repressed or 'forgotten' memory comes back to haunt the past. In Freud's understanding of the uncanny, everything that was intended to remain a secret comes into the open, and the uncanny manifests itself when the repressed aspects buried in our unconscious suddenly return. By revealing her secret, the past event, the me


The paper discusses one of the last articles written by Ficher Black - "The Plan Sponsor's Goal." The author believes that the ideas presented in the paper have not received the attention they deserve and attempts to jump-start a discussion of these ideas. In particular, F. Black emphasized that the identification of the investor's goal is of paramount importance, as different goals lead to different optimal asset allocation solutions.


A connector connected to the inner shell has a circuit board by reflow soldering, the inner slide back and forth in a housing shell and a cover covering the surface of a housing arranged on a CPU. The lid has a plated metal shield on the surface thereof, and connected to a heat sink through a conductive clip electrically. When the lid covers the CPU and the heat sink mounted on the CPU, the lid disposed between the radiator and the CPU. Since the cover covering the CPU, the radiator can be removed without imposing a burden on the CPU from the CPU. Shield cover capable of effectively blocking the electromagnetic waves generated by the CPU.


This thesis analyzes the advantage of the location of National Geological Park,Chongming Island;and the opportunity it can bring to the local society and economy after building the Park.Then we discuss the problem during the period of construction and development and give some pertinent suggestions.


Planar Gunn diodes operating above 100 GHz fabricated in GaAs/AlGaAs heterojunction structures with single and double ddoping layers on each side of GaAs channel are numerically studied and experimentally demonstrated. The results show enhanced RF power and oscillation frequency when double d-doping technique was used. By using a two-dimensional numerical simulation tool, the conduction band profile, electron concentration in the epitaxy layers and current-voltage characteristics are investigated. Simulation results indicate that extra ddoping layers increase electron confinement in the conducting channel, therefore higher current levels are obtained. Simulated current-voltage characteristics in both cases agree well with experimental results. VC 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 53:1624– 1626, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26071


In the next generation optical data storage systems, the lens-disk interface gap and the tolerance of the focus error will reduce dramatically, however, the rotation of the spindle motor could produce sinusoidal disturbances to the focus actuator system due to the skew of the disk and system mechanical vibrations, which consequently affect the focus precision and even cause the lens-disk collision. In order to avoid the lens-disk collision and increase the focus control precision, an optimal Q -parameterized controller is proposed in this paper. The parameter of the controller is solved based on some properly formulated linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). Simulation results show that the designed controller has an effective anti-collision capability with a good focus precision.


We present a new adaptive fluid simulation method that captures a high resolution surface with precise dynamics, without an inefficient fine discretization of the entire fluid volume. Prior adaptive methods using octrees or unstructured meshes carry large overheads and implementation complexity. We instead stick with coarse regular Cartesian grids, using detailed cut cells at boundaries, and discretize the dynamics with a p-adaptive Discontinuous Galerkin (DG) method. This retains much of the data structure simplicity of regular grids, more efficiently captures smooth parts of the flow, and offers the flexibility to easily increase resolving power where needed without geometric refinement.


Although there is abundant evidence on individual preferences for policies that reduce national inequality, there is very little evidence on preferences for policies addressing global inequality. To investigate the latter, we conducted a two-year, face-to-face survey experiment on a representative sample of Germans. We measure how individuals form perceptions of their ranks in the national and global income distributions and how these perceptions relate to their national and global policy preferences. We find that Germans systematically underestimate their true place in the world's income distribution but that correcting those misperceptions does not affect their support for policies related to global inequality. (JEL D12, D31, D63, H23)


The main idea of the Particle Finite Element Method in both versions: with moving mesh or with fixed mesh, are to have a set of particles that move in a Lagrangian frame convecting all the physical and mathematical variables (for instance, the density, the viscosity or the conductivity, but also the velocity, the pressure or/and the temperature). These physical and mathematical values are projected at the end of each time-step on a moving mesh or on a fixed mesh. The second possibility has been named PFEM-Second Generation or simply PFEM-2. One of the main drawback of the time integrations using Eulerian formulations are the restricted time-step size that is necessary to use due to the lack of accuracy of the convective terms. Both time integrations, explicit or implicit are, in most cases, limited to small CFL numbers. The cases in which the problem to be solved include free-surfaces or moving internal interfaces, like multi-fluids of fluid-structure interactions this time-step limitation is even worse. The objective of this presentation is to make an overview of recent examples solved using PFEM-2 and to demonstrate why this method based on particles that move in a Lagrangian frame projecting the results on a fixed mesh is faster than a classical Eulerian Finite Element Method. The authors claim that nowadays, the best way to improve the efficiency of the majority of the CFD problems is the use of a particle-based method like PFEM-2.


Using 381 testimonies of Baluchi slaves recorded between 1921 and 1950, this article aims to locate these individuals within the context of the Indian Ocean world. The detailed information in these testimonies reveals various modes of enslavement, including marriage. This article claims that Baluchi slaves shared a common destiny with other groups of people and were far from being the marginal phenomenon that they are often assumed to have been.


approved: Stephen E. Binney Re-occlusion of arteries following percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) remains a post-operative issue in the treatment of artery blockage. This renarrowing of the luminal cavity, a condition called restenosis, has been attributed to the injury induced by PTCA balloon insertion. While arterial recoil can be completely prevented by a coronary stent, this device is ineffective in halting neointimal hyperplasia or vascular remodeling. However, recent studies have demonstrated that stenting in conjunction with radiation therapy to the injured artery can reduce smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation and the subsequent effects of the added extracellular matrix. Human and animal trial studies have shown that 32P ion-implanted stainless steel stents are effective in reducing restenosis. Concerns regarding a non-uniform dose distribution from the short-range beta particles emitted from a stent's open geometry have resulted in the development of techniques to adequately determine stent surface activity distributions. Current methods rely on autoradiographic techniques using radiochromic foil exposure analysis. The purpose of this research was to determine the efficacy of employing electronically based detection methods for determining activity uniformity rather than foil exposure. A highly collimated solid organic scintillating plastic was optically coupled to a photomultiplier Redacted for Privacy tube in order to detect beta emission from selected surface regions of a neutron-activated 31 6L stainless steel Guidant Multi1ink' stent. Irradiation of the stent activated Mn, producing high energy, beta-emitting 56Mn as a substitute for 32P. Both Monte Carlo computer modeling and experimental results demonstrated that inconsistencies in activity attributed to stent geometry could be detected. Because a stent is comprised of repeating structures, this technique may be used to detect deficiencies in activity not associated with the predicted irregularities of activity caused by geometry. Such a detection device may be more appropriate and efficient in the industrial setting for quality assurance than current techniques using radiochromic film exposure. ©Copyright by Joshua I Bergman June 23, 2000 All Rights Reserved Determining the Activity Distribution on a Radioactive Stent Using Plastic Scintillation Techniques by Joshua J. Bergman


A primer on how to ensure dilution of fume hood exhaust and avoid re-entry of chemical emissions into the building


This paper presents a simple method for the detection and diagnosis of saturation faults in actuators for closed loop control systems. These faults are regarded as unexpected changes of the saturation level of the actuators. Assuming that there is a unknown nonlinear function which represents the relationship between the saturation and closed loop system performance such as overshoot and rise time, etc., a neural network is applied to approximate the nonlinear function. This neural network accepts the inputs as the performance parameters of the closed loop system and generates outputs as the estimated saturation faults. In the paper, the status of the actuator is represented by a parameter f. As a result, the estimated f (namely, f) produces the results for the fault detection and diagnosis of actuators. The status of the actuator is defined as "healthy" if f=1. Otherwise, a saturation fault in the actuator has occurred. A simulated example is included to demonstrate the use of the method and desired results have been obtained.


In this manuscript, we provide a concise review of the concept of metric dimension for both deterministic as well as random graphs. Algorithms to approximate this quantity, as well as potential applications, are also reviewed. This work has been partially funded by the NSF IIS grant 1836914.


Writing and browsing education blogs has become one of the important methods of e-learning. Learners can search the interesting resources from these education blogs. However, the traditional blog search only provides keyword-based matching, lacking automatic extraction of learner interests and further interest-related blog recommendation. It describes the design and implementation of an interest mining and learning resources recommendation system. The system adopts interest mining technology and can automatically identify the learner¿s interests and recommend interest-related blog initiatively. Experimental result shows that the system is effective.


Hirt's law is now, by communis opinio, considered as one of the first and important accentual laws in Balto-Slavic. The history of the research is not as complicated and controversial as the history of other accentual laws. The reason is that Hirt's law started to be accepted almost from the beginning and incorporated into the conception of classical accentology together with all-purpose Fortunatov-de Saussure's law. Although the data supporting Hirt's law are relatively small (originally included more examples), there have rarely been attempts to controvert the law.


The spatial distribution of the volcanoes in Central and East sections of Java arc denotes the widest and the narrowest of Java Island. Central Java section corresponds to the largest range and depth of Wadati-Benioff Zone along the island (180-360 km), whereas East Java section shows the narrowest range (190-220 km). However, both sections equally show wide geochemical variation with the function of slab-depth. Both also mark the appearance of the rear-arc alkaline suites in a different slab depth (360 km for Central Java, and 220 km for East Java). Geochemical datasets of basalt to basaltic andesite (further screened on Zr/Nb basis) from these sections were compiled to evaluate the contributions of slab-derived fluid to the mantle sources, and to assess the possible mantle sources of these magmas.


Charles Davenant was one of the leading economic pamphleteers of the 1690s. He frequently developed general principles, some of which sound almost like the early writings of Adam Smith. He was, however, a Mercantilist in the sense that he underlined the advantages of a favourable balance of trade as a source of political power, favoured population growth and decried luxury spending.


The web of things is a new technology,whose application could better people's living standards and protect their benefits so as to promote the improvement and decelopment of the society. However,the development would arouse some negtive effects. A good solution to these problems is beneficial to the long-term development of the web of things.


Indonesian cultural resources according to the World Economic Forum is ranked 38 of 140 countries. One of the tourist destinations in Indonesia that use cultural resources as tourist attraction is Taman Mini Indonesia Indah (TMII). Along with the modernization of tourist interest, TMII establish cooperation to develop new tourist attractions. However, activities of majority tourists during their visit to TMII is just walking around, take pictures, recreation, or sport.  Tourists cultural tourism experience are lack, whereas TMII have vision to be the leading of cultural tourism destination. This research aimed to identify the concept of cultural tourism products that can be applied in TMII based on tourists motivation, tourism attraction in TMII, and activities in demand by tourists. This research used  descriptive method with qualitative approach.  Results of data analysis show that the physical or physiological motivation is the highest motivation chosen by the respondents, tourism attraction that gets the highest score is the architecture, and the activity of interest is sightseeing activities. These three variables are matched with the criteria of socio-cultural tour and two things that forming total experience. Hence, this research proposed  a formula of tourism product that can be applied and promoted in TMII as a cultural tourism program, so that tourists can get physical activity in the spot that has architecture attraction, and provide more cultural tourism experience but still superficial. Indonesian cultural resources according to the World Economic Forum is ranked 38 of 140 countries. One of the tourist destinations in Indonesia that use cultural resources as tourist attraction is Taman Mini Indonesia Indah (TMII). Along with the modernization of tourist interest, TMII establish cooperation to develop new tourist attractions. However, activities of majority tourists during their visit to TMII is just walking around, take pictures, recreation, or sport.  Tourists cultural tourism experience are lack, whereas TMII have vision to be the leading of cultural tourism destination. This research aimed to identify the concept of cultural tourism products that can be applied in TMII based on tourists motivation, tourism attraction in TMII, and activities in demand by tourists. This research used  descriptive method with qualitative approach.  Results of data analysis show that the physical or physiological motivation is the highest motivation chosen by the respondents, tourism attraction that gets the highest score is the architecture, and the activity of interest is sightseeing activities. These three variables are matched with the criteria of socio-cultural tour and two things that forming total experience. Hence, this research proposed  a formula of tourism product that can be applied and promoted in TMII as a cultural tourism program, so that tourists can get physical activity in the spot that has architecture attraction, and provide more cultural tourism experience but still superficial.


Obese rodents are widely studied experimental models for human obesity. Their reproduction rate, offspring numbers, and degree of inbreeding are advantages over other mammals as research models for human obesity, Six single-gene obesity mutations have been identified in mice. Obese (ob), diabetes (db), fat va t ) , and tubby (tub) are inherited as autosomal recessive syndromes. The agouti (yellow) (AY) and Adipose (Ad) (now extinct) obese phenotypes are inherited as dominant traits. The obese phenotypes of all are associated with some degree of insulin resistance. Each mutation is associated with complex neuroendocrine disturbances. Homologous genes, but not mutations, have been identified in humans. Their genetic locations have been determined based upon synteny relationships between the mouse and human genomes.2 This review will emphasize ob and db early-onset obese phenotypes which in all strains exhibit elevated insulin secretion and insulin resistance. Also, reviews of the less insulin-resistant, later-onset obesity phenotypes of far, agouti yellow (Ay), and tub (a brief description) will be made. The mechanisms for obesity and related insulin resistance differ among the mutant genes. However, each includes elements of similarity at two levels: the overstimulation of insulin secretion and the apparent effects on hypothalamic centers influencing energy expenditure and food intake.


To understand Al toxicity and tolerant mechanisms in plants, several studies have been conducted, but they are inconclusive. In the present work, the alleviating effect of salicylic acid (SA) and malic acid (MA) on Al-induced toxic effects in two finger millet (Eleusine coracana L.) cultivars, IE 3618 (Al-resistant) and Ratnagiri (Al-sensitive) was evaluated. Two-week old seedlings were divided into different groups and grown in growth medium (1/10 Hoagland solution) alone or in the presence of Al or SA or SA+MA in the growth th medium for three days. Al treatment (100μM) caused 40% 65% drop in plant growth, relative water content (RWC) and 2-3 folds increase Al uptake, 2-5 folds raise in malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, 0.5-2 folds increase in proline content when compared to their normal control plants. Elevated activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and Peroxidase (POD) were observed while catalase (CAT) activity was reduced under Al stress. Al also caused 2-5 folds decrease in the plant concentrations of Ca, K, Mg and P. External supplementation of SA and MA together has greatly restored the Al-induced alterations in the said parameters than when SA was administered alone and our study confirmed that IE 3618 is Al-resistant than Ratnagiri.


The infrared and Raman spectra of 2‐bromocyclobutanone and 2‐bromo‐2,4,4‐trideuterocyclobutanone in the liquid state have been recorded. The far‐infrared spectra of both compounds have also been recorded from 33–300 cm−1 in both the vapor and liquid states. The assignment of the 27 normal vibrations is given. The interesting ring‐puckering vibration in 2‐bromocyclobutanone has been observed at 153 cm−1 in the Raman spectrum and at 141.5 cm−1 in the infrared spectrum of the vapor. For the deuterium compound the corresponding absorption bands have been observed in the Raman and infrared spectra at 152 and 141 cm−1, respectively. The data indicate that the potential function governing this vibration is only slightly anharmonic. No evidence has been found for the conformers previously reported for this molecule.


The Mg-6.0%Zn-2.0%Ca-1.5%Zr (mass%) alloy is suitable for a prematerial alloy in semi-solid forging because of its fine spherical structure and ignition-proof property. The tensile behavior dependent on the microstructural factors, such as size and form factor of primary α phase and the distance of crack propagation in the semi-solid forged alloys with solid fractions of 65 and 70% is clarified. The tensile properties are compared to those of the squeeze cast alloy as well. The size of primary α phase increases with an increase in holding time. In contrast, the size of remelted and resolidified α phase remains unchanged. The tensile strength and 0.2% proof stress of the semi-solid forged alloys decrease as the size of the ripened primary α phase increases, indicating the dependence of strength on the size of the ripened primary α phase. The elongation increases with an increase in holding time. The result is interpreted by the facts that the distance of crack propagation increases due to the increasing size of the ripened primary α phase and that the form factor of the ripened primary α phase is lowered by tensile deformation with an increasing holding time. The remelted and resolidified α phase has no effect on the tensile properties with an increase in holding time. The elongation of semi-solid forged alloy is approximately two times larger than that of the squeeze cast alloy.


We show that certain two-dimensional differential systems can be transformed to a system of Liénard type. This enables known criteria for the existence of a centre for Liénard systems to be exploited, so extending the range of techniques which are available for proving that conditions which are known to be necessary for a centre are also sufficient.


Localized turbulence bounded by non-turbulent flow in a uniformly stratified environment is studied with direct numerical simulations of stably stratified shear layers. Of particular interest is the turbulent/non-turbulent interfacial (TNTI) layer, which is detected by identifying the turbulent region in terms of its potential vorticity. Fluid near the outer edge of the turbulent region gains potential vorticity and becomes turbulent by diffusion arising from both viscous and molecular effects. The flow properties near the TNTI layer change depending on the buoyancy Reynolds number near the interface, $Re_{bI}$ . The TNTI layer thickness is approximately 13 times the Kolmogorov length scale for large $Re_{bI}$ ( $Re_{bI}\gtrsim 30$ ), consistent with non-stratified flows, whereas it is almost equal to the vertical length scale of the stratified flow, $l_{vI}=l_{hI}Re^{-1/2}$ (here $l_{hI}$ is the horizontal length scale near the TNTI layer, and $Re$ is the Reynolds number), in the low- $Re_{bI}$ regime ( $Re_{bI}\lesssim 2$ ). Turbulent fluid is vertically transported towards the TNTI layer when $Re_{bI}$ is large, sustaining the thin TNTI layer with large buoyancy frequency and mean shear. This sharpening effect is weakened as $Re_{bI}$ decreases and eventually becomes negligible for very low $Re_{bI}$ . Overturning motions occur near the TNTI layer for large $Re_{bI}$ . The dependence on buoyancy Reynolds number is related to the value of $Re_{bI}$ near the TNTI layer, which is smaller than the value deep inside the turbulent core region. An imprint of the internal gravity waves propagating in the non-turbulent region is found for vorticity within the TNTI layer, inferring an interaction between turbulence and internal gravity waves. The wave energy flux causes a net loss of the kinetic energy in the turbulent core region bounded to the TNTI layer, and the amount of kinetic energy extracted from the turbulent region by internal gravity waves is comparable to the amount dissipated in the turbulent region.


An overview of radioimmunoimaging, Samuel Halpern generation and characterization of monoclonal antibody B72.3 - experimental and preclinical studies, David Colcher, et al imaging of colorectal carcinoma with iodine-131 B72.3 monoclonal antibody, Jorge A. Carrasquillo monoclonal antibody B72.3 immunoscintography in the follow-up of patients with colorectal cancer, Secondo Lastoria and Marco Salvatore multicentre clinical trials of monoclonal antibody B72.3- GYK-DTPA-111In (CYT-103-111/in oncoscint CR103) in patients with colorectal carcinoma, Hani Abdel-Nabi and Ralph J. Doerr oncoscint CR-103 imaging in the surgical management of patients with colorectal cancer, Ralph J. Doerr and Hani Abdel-Nabi multicentre clinical trial of 111In-CYT-103 in patients with ovarian cancer, Donald G. Gallup impact of 111In-CYT 103 imaging on the surgical management of patients with ovarian cancer, Earl A. Surwit oncoscint image atlas, Robert T. Maguire immunopharmacokinetics of 111In-CYT-103 in ovarian cancer patients, William J. Jusko, et al a practical approach to planar and SPECT imaging of indium-111 CYT-103, B. David Collier, et al future directions in tumour radioimmunodetection, Thomas J. McKearn.


An original algorithm for identifying polyphonic piano sounds signals, based only on the use of frequential positions of note partials, has been developed by the authors [Rossi and Girolami, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 100, 2842(A) (1996)]. This paper presents a study of the evolution of the amplitude of piano notes' partials and their energy, carried out to see if these elements can be used to improve the identification of notes in cases like short notes, long notes, repeated notes, and polyphonic sounds. In the case of monophonic sounds, Doval [Ph.D. thesis, University of Paris VI (1994)] has shown that the evolution of the amplitude of piano notes' partials along with their frequency variations can be used to identify the fundamental frequency of signals. The case of polyphonic piano sounds (several notes played simultaneously on the same piano) is more difficult, but if a particular behavior of partials belonging to a given note could be detected, for example, synchronous variations or typical amplitude evolu...


African countries are particularly vulnerable to climate change because of their dependence on rain-fed agriculture, high levels of poverty, and poor infrastructure. Rain-fed agriculture accounts f...


Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) prepared from organic thiol molecules on metal substrates are known to exert substantial influence over mineralization and, as such, provide model systems for investigating the mechanisms of templated crystallization by organic matrices. Characterizing the structural evolution at the organic/inorganic interface in SAM/crystal systems is of paramount importance in understanding these mechanisms. In this study, X-ray absorption spectroscopy is used to characterize the structural evolution of SAMs prepared from purpose-synthesized organic thiols, with similar yet subtly different structures and compositions, during the course of mineralization at their surfaces. The studies reveal that the structure of the thiol molecules strongly affects their ability to reorient within the SAM. Complementary scanning electron microscopy measurements demonstrate that this feature of the SAMs is strongly correlated with the capability of the monolayers to induce preferential ordering among th...


Detecting falls and other mishaps using data from sensors worn by individuals is an important task with applications in healthcare. A related task is using such sensor data to detect routine activities of daily living. This paper models such detection of falls and routine activities as a classification problem. Using a publicly available dataset of real accelerometer traces generated by participants performing intentional falls and other activities, the efficacy and performance of several classifiers are studied experimentally.


This paper proposes a computationaly-efficient procedure dedicated to time-domain phase noise (PN) modeling of a phase-locked loop (PLL)-based frequency synthesizer in a radio-frequency (RF) context. The structure proposed is able to describe any kind of PN including thermal and flicker noise regions using time-domain equations. The design process of the phase noise modeling process is detailed. An expression of the estimated mean square error (MSE) of the frequency response of the PN generating system is proposed and compared to a previously proposed PN generating system. The spectral behaviour of the simulated frequency synthesizer is compared to practical PN measurements obtained with a spectral analyzer.


This paper studies optimal auction for heterogenous objects when bidders have multidimensional independent types from continuous distributions. A new convergence result shows that the optimal auction mechanism can be obtained as a limit of multiproduct nonlinear pricing mechanisms of Rochet and Choné (1998). The reservation price excludes bidders with positive probabilities. Bunching is robust because of the con‡ict between participation constraints and incentive compatibility conditions and also from the quantity constraints. Numerical examples are presented.


Introducing an new kind of controller for Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine. The design scheme of the fuzzy control table and fuzzy ruler table are discussed for the use of the fuzzy controller with PID self-adjusting parameters. The simulation results prove that the method can overcome the defects of PID controller.


In order to obtain what might be a usable scheme for determining the actual prevailing standards of living for farm families, a study was made of 900 farm families in Wisconsin. Information was obtained on the receipts from all sources and the expenditures for all purposes for all purposes for one year by each family, and families were rated in five classes, from A to E, on the basis of general impressions on the appearance of the farmstead, interior of the house, and personality of the homemaker. Although average tocal cost of living declines quite regularly from the A to the E group, the decline is not distributed regularly among the different kinds of goods and services. The average cost of food decreases only slightly and very irregularly; clothing drops markedly and regularly to the D rating only; house rent and expenditures for "all other" purposes fall markedly an dregularly; average cost of purchased goods and services declines more pronouncedly than cost of the furnished.


Some devices not used for data communications radiate in the 2.4 GHz wireless-fidelity (Wi-Fi) band, thus causing unintentional interference that degrades the performance of IEEE 802.11 wireless systems. An analytical model for radio emissions from one of the most common unintentional interferers, the residential microwave oven, is developed from laboratory measurements. Simulation of the analytical model results in a power spectral density and spectrogram that are in good agreement with experimental data. An interference mitigation technique is proposed for the microwave oven emission


Dynamics of a diblock copolymer of deuterated styrene-ordinary styrene in semidilute solutions have been investigated by the spin-echo neutron-scattering technique. In the zero-average contrast conditions, the short-time interdiffusion mode has been analyzed as a function of the concentration. The results are discussed in the framework of the random phase approximation (RPA)


A WIDE RANGE OF EMPIRICAL STUDIES HAVE RECENTLY questioned the ability of monetary authorities to exercise monetary control in the sense that they cannot divorce their foreign exchange market intervention operations from their control of domestic money supplies. ' This paper will analyze the policy implications of this large literature on monetary control in the context of institutional constraints typically found in developing countries. In particular, it will investigate the balance of payments implications of central bank financing of major export crops. It will show that, in Costa Rica, E1 Salvador, and Nicaragua in the 1950s, the central banks' rediscounting of seasonal agricultural paper caused correspondingly seasonal foreign exchange reserve movements; the central banks' policy of liberally extending seasonal agricultural credit, in the environment where they had little monetary control, meant that official capital flows substituted for private capital flows. The predominant tool of monetary policy in most developing countries takes the form of rediscount of notes and securities, owing to the absence of well-developed financial institutions.2 Additionally, such rediscounting is often done in connection


This article describes a professional development course intended to improve the content understanding of middle school mathematics teachers. The design of the course included three professional learning strategies: problem solving, examination of student thinking, and discussion of research. The concepts studied in the course included multi-digit subtraction, multi-digit multiplication, operations with fractions, and concepts of area and perimeter. Results from pre- and post-tests administered to the nineteen participants indicate a significant increase in the mean score for each concept and document growth in the teachers' content understanding. In particular, their solutions moved from primarily procedural to more conceptual. Responses to an open-ended survey indicate other important aspects of the professional development. Examples of teachers' work and comments are included.


Abstract : That married male workers earn more than their unmarried co-workers is now well established in the labor economics literature. Traditional estimates of this marriage premium range from 10 to 40 percent. However, the source of this wage difference between married and unmarried men remains obscure. Some economists attribute this wage differential to differences in Job productivity between married and single workers. Other economists attribute the wage differential to unobserved characteristics of married workers, i.e., selection effects. This thesis seeks to examine the possible causes of differences in job performance between married and single employers using data on Navy officers. The analysis shows that married male officers receive higher supervisor evaluation scores and promote at higher rates than single male officers. The results also show that there is a positive correlation between supervisor evaluations and promotion. The analysis of the effects of marital status shows that married officers achieved better performance than single officers. Unrestricted line (URL) male officers who have been married longer receive higher performance scores. For both URL and Staff/Restricted Line (STF/RL) male officers performance also increase as the number of dependents increase. OLS regression models also show that male officers who are married have attained more graduate education than single officers. The analysis of selection bias shows that single male officers who will marry in the future perform better than single officers who will remain single in the future. Fixed-effects models that control unobservable individual characteristics support the higher performance of married males. Finally, Heckman style two-step models that control for selection bias due to retention decisions show that the measured effect of marriage is biased upward in single stage models, but that the bias is not large.


In this paper, we establish a new version of Siegel's fixed point
theorem in generating spaces of quasi-metric family. As consequences, we obtain
general versions of the Downing-Kirk's fixed point and Caristi's fixed point
theorem in the same spaces. Some applications of these results to fuzzy metric
spaces and probabilistic metric spaces are presented.


Thirty Korean, Chinese, Thai, American, and Spanish, subjects heard two‐syllable Japanese words including geminate or single stops in two pitch accent contexts. The subjects discriminated between geminate and single stops. Their discrimination ability was examined and compared among these different speakers. Five language groups were clearly separated into two groups according to the results. The first group (Korean, Chinese, and Thai) that had three‐way stop contrasts different in tense or aspiration, showed a lower correct ratio. Also pitch accent (LH, HL) and consonant type (/p/,/t/,/k/) of the stimuli appeared to influence the discrimination similarly in this group. The second American and Spanish group could perform the discrimination task better than the first group and little influence of accent and consonant contexts were observed. The second group seemed to depend more on the absolute closure duration of stop consonants in judging geminate or single. These results suggest that different language ...


Critical thinking ability is one of the higher-order thinking skills. Assessing critical thinking ability requires a valid and reliable instrument. The assessment instrument for critical thinking ability is a measurement tool used to test critical thinking skills based on predefined indicators. This research aims to examine the development of research on critical thinking ability instruments, including methods of development, instrument forms, indicators, analysis, and instrument validity. The research utilizes the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method. Data is 72 articles collected by documenting and reviewing articles in journals related to the development of instruments for assessing critical thinking ability using the Publish or Perish with the Google Scholar and Scopus databases from 2017 to 2023. The results of the study show that the assessment instrument for critical thinking ability can be developed through the R&D development model. The forms of the instruments used to measure critical thinking ability include Two-Tier Tests, Four-Tier Tests, Open-Ended, and Multiple Choice. The indicators developed in these critical thinking assessment instruments refer to the theories proposed by Ennis and Facione. Additionally, the feasibility of the critical thinking assessment instruments is evaluated through validity and reliability testing. The more research is conducted in this field, the more the understanding of the best ways to measure and develop critical thinking skills in physics lessons grows, which can also enhance the quality of physics learning.


With the development of the economy of village and various internet applications, the rural broadband demand has tremendous potential. The paper will introduce the scheme which achieves broadband coverage in rural areas by using high-power AP. Based on testing and user's feedback, the problem of the scheme will be summed up. Depend on the experimental data, the paper will do a comparative analysis about construction costs and revenues between high-power AP and FTTH, and made the estimate of business benefit under different user penetration rate. Finally, do the risk analysis and propose the suggestion.


PurposeThe role of conventional contracts in achieving sustainability goals in public–private partnership (PPP) projects has been questioned. From the multifunctional perspective of contract theory, joint-contract functions that combine contractual control, coordination and adaptation may be a potential approach for improving PPP project sustainability performance. This research intends to investigate the link between the joint-contract functions and PPP project sustainability performance, and their underlying mechanism, by analyzing the mediating role of relationship quality and moderating roles of environmental uncertainty and behavioral uncertainty.Design/methodology/approachBased on 170 valid survey data collected from the Chinese PPP professionals, partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was adopted to test the hypothesis.FindingsThe results reveal that joint-contract functions are positively associated with the PPP project sustainability performance. This relationship is strengthened by environmental and behavioral uncertainty. Moreover, the relationship between the joint-contract functions and PPP project sustainability performance is mediated by relationship quality.Research limitations/implicationsThis research extends contract governance theory and sustainability research in PPP projects. The research implications are as follows: (1) joint-contract functions are a second-order construct consisting of three first-order dimensions: control, coordination and adaptation and are positively associated with PPP project sustainability performance; (2) joint-contract functions enhance the sustainable benefits of PPP projects during environmental uncertainty and behavioral uncertainty; (3) informal relationships are a critical bridge connecting formal institutions with the sustainability performance of PPP projects.Practical implicationsIn general, these findings guide project participants who aim to achieve sustainable outcomes in PPP projects. (1) Project participants should consider the process of contract design and sign contracts that focus on joint-contract functions. (2) Project participants should investigate the degree of uncertainty of a PPP project before designing contracts, and design the contracts with corresponding complexity. (3) Project participants should work to enhance PPP sustainable benefits by improving the relationship between partners, such as encouraging mutual trust and joint problem-solving.Originality/valueThis research verifies the relationship between joint-contract functions and PPP project sustainability performance, and the boundary and intermediary conditions between them.


Contemporary disability cultural production is under-researched in feminist and cultural theory. Focusing on the film and digital video trilogy, Whole: A Trinity of Being, by South African visual poet Shelley Barry, this paper examines how her work theorizes disability and gender and critically interrogates possibilities for social justice. Resume La culture de la production de l'incapacite contemporaine est sous-recherchee dans la theorie culturelle feministe. En se concentrant sur le film et la trilogie video digitale, Whole: A Trinity of Being, par la poete visuelle sudafricaine Shelley Barry, cet article etudie la facon dont son oeuvre theorise l'handicap et le sexe, et interroge de facon critique les possibilities pour la justice sociale.


The objective of this study was to evaluate the outcomes of the Ponseti manipulation and casting method for clubfoot in a tertiary hospital in Zimbabwe and explore predictors of these outcomes.


Tom Slee What's Yours Is Mine: Against the Sharing Economy Toronto, Canada: Between the Lines, 2016From the sixteenth-century Levellers through the nineteenth-century utopian socialists and on to present-day dissenters from neoliberalism and globalization, idealists of every description have dreamed about and occasionally taken abortive steps to implement new, equitable and emancipatory social arrangements. They have sometimes championed not merely equality and equity, but the very existence of private and even personal property, preferring a society in which people would hold "all things common." In these circumstances, everyone would contribute to the common weal according to their abilities, and they would "make distribution unto every man according as he had need." The preceding quotations, by the way, are not from a tract by the ever-optimistic Karl Marx, though similar sentiments can be found in his far-famed Critique of the Gotha Program (1875); rather, they are from the fourth chapter of the Christian New Testament's Book of Acts, verses 32 and 35. Call it Early Christian Economics 101.Currently, somewhat less romantic, but nonetheless impressively ambitious efforts are once again being made to encourage a "sharing economy" (henceforth, I shall follow Slee's lead and refrain from the repetitive use of terms such as "alleged" or what he correctly calls "annoyingly frequent scare quotes; instead I will express my scepticism or, at least, my sensitivity to ambiguity by capitalizing the Sharing Economy.The phrase relates to proposed innovations or, perhaps, reclamations of earlier egalitarian principles that have been promoted in such up-to-date forms as "charity-style" food banks and volunteer medical clinics as well as in local lending societies in which neighbours purchase household appliances or gardening tools for common use. It also applies to more complex practices such as consumer co-ops, civic crowdfunding projects, resident-owned condominium apartments, worker-owned businesses, credit unions and other well-established institutions that fall far short of "commune"-ism, but that nonetheless provide producers and consumers with viable alternatives to "exploitative" private owners and "bureaucratic" state controllers of the means of production and distribution of goods and services.For the most part, efforts in support of sharing are motivated by the individual savings that can be accrued by pooling wealth, exercising participative management and "grass roots" control, and cutting out the "middle man" in programs of mutual assistance. The basic goal is to avoid providing profits to big business and submitting to government regulations by conducting transactions among a society of friends or, at least, putative equals. In some cases, modernized barter systems are in place. In others garage, yard or street sales achieve similar purposes on a small scale. Some participants, however, go several steps further and speak of the values of social justice, democracy and environmental sustainability as crucial aspects and aspirations of the Sharing Economy. So far, so good.Among the many examples of larger scale social innovations are the Japanese town of Kamikatsu, which will soon become the country's first Zero Waste community as a result of a local recycling and repurposing program (Johnson, 2016). It is complemented by Berkeley, California's achievement of 80% waste reduction due to grassroots mobilization (Johnson, 2016). Likewise, by combining apparently different, but largely complementary objectives, urban and even regional initiatives can revitalize the venerable notion of "laboratories for democracy." Even on this larger scale, however, there can be keen awareness of the inherent dangers of overgeneralization, routinization and what Kenneth Burke (1961) famously warned against: "the bureaucratization of the imaginative."So, as Gar Alperovitz (2016) writes, some of the most successful modern innovators are opting out of grand narratives with immense economic planning strategies and government welfare programs in favour of more manageable efforts to restructure both economic regulation and social relations on a more human scale. …


The article considers the Russian economy fs risks in the face of new challenges to the stability of its development, determined by the globalization and adoption of international economic sanctions. The internal and external factors of these risks are investigated. The authors determine the reasons which had led to a rapid depreciation of the national currency in November 2014 and an increase in demand for consumer goods, which caused a significant rise in prices on both imported and domestic products. The resolution of the current economic situation is possible by making amendments in the monetary policy of the country.


In container terminals, the planned berth schedules often have to be revised because of disruptions caused by severe weather, equipment failures, technical problems and other unforeseen events. In this paper, the problem of berth schedule recovery is studied to reduce the influences caused by disruptions. A multi-objective multi-stage model is proposed considering the characteristics of different customers and the trade off of all parties involved in the container terminal system. A method incorporating the lexicographic optimization is proposed to deal with the multi-criteria nature of the problem. Numerical experiments were provided to illustrate the validity of the proposed model and algorithms. Results indicate that the designed model and algorithm can tackle the berth plan recovery problem efficiently because the trade offs among all parties involved are considered. And, it is more flexible and feasible with the aspect of practical applications considering that the objective order can be adjusted by decision makers.


Na0.5Bi4.5−xErxTi4O15 (NBET-x, x = 0, 0.006, 0.012, 0.018, 0.025) lead-free piezoelectric ceramics, with high electrical resistivity were prepared by a solid-state reaction route. X-ray diffraction analysis suggested that all compositions have a bismuth-layered perovskite structure and revealed a lattice distortion for the NBET-x ceramics. FE-SEM study confirmed that the plate-like morphologies for the grains were clearly observed for all the samples. The phase transition temperature shifted to higher temperatures with increasing Er3+ content. The activation energy value of the ionic conductivity suggested that defects were related to oxygen vacancies. The excellent electrical properties (e.g., d33 ∼ 21 pC N−1, 2Pr ∼ 17.2 μC cm−2 and Tc ∼ 658 °C) are simultaneously obtained in the ceramics with x = 0.012. Additionally, the DC resistivity and thermal annealing behavior at elevated temperature indicated that the NBET-x ceramics exhibit good thermal stability, demonstrating that the NBET-x ceramics are promising candidates for high temperature piezoelectric applications.


The experiment was carried out on chia and quinoa plants at Fayoum governorate during 2019/2020 season, to study the effect of conventional and organic cultivation on diversity and abundance of spiders and other arthropods. Spiders and other arthropods in the soil were collected using pitfall traps, while arthropods on plant leaves were surveyed using the direct count. Number of spiders collected from organic cultivation were (486 - 251 indv.) higher than those collected from conventional cultivation (423 - 213 indv.) for chia and quinoa respectively. The most abundant family was Lycosidae. Pardosa spp. was the most abundant species in two cultivations. The results revealed that chia cultivation included the highest number of dominant species in both cultivations. The total number of arthropods collected by pitfall traps was recorded (5985 - 2812 indv.) in conventional cultivation and (6703 - 2951indv.) in organic cultivation of chia and quinoa respectively. Arthropods on leaves were recorded (643 - 488indiv. in chia) and (256 - 238indv. in quinoa) for conventional and organic cultivation, respectively. The mite Tetranychus urticae Koch and Phytoseiulus persimilis Athias-Henriot were recorded on chia plants only, while Liriomyza spp. and Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) were recorded on quinoa plants only. Tetranychus urtica and Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) were recorded as the highest dominant and abundant in chia, however, Aphis spp. and Thrips tabaci Lindeman were recorded in quinoa in both cultivations. A significant difference was found between chia and quinoa plants for the occurrence of arthropods, while an insignificant difference was found between conventional and organic cultivation.


Background Diarrhea is the second leading cause of death in children under five in developing countries and one of the nine causes of death in children worldwide. Mothers' knowledge is a very important factor that can participate in saving children's lives during incidence of diarrhea. The aim of this Study To assess mother's knowledge regarding management of diarrheal diseases among children under five years. Methods This is a descriptive cross-sectional, hospital-based study, conducted among 120 mothers who have children with diarrhea at pediatric departments at Mohammed AL amen Hamid [1] pediatrics teaching Hospital. Data was collected by using a designed questionnaire, which fulfilled by direct interview, then collected data was analyzed by using Statistical Package for Social Science, the result used frequency and percentage and findings were presented as Tables and Figures. Results This study reveals that most of the mother age (25-36) years and have primary level of education. More than half of the mothers they are not know what the diarrhea is mean (55.7 %) and what the causes (55.7%). Tow third of study population (62.7%) they did not know about complication 73%of the mothers, treated their children at home while 46% of the mother immediately going to the hospital if their child developed diarrhea. Most the mother have poor knowledge regarding the preparation of ORS (75%), and importance of given ORS after vomiting (50%). Mother they did not know how to evaluate the danger sign (29.2%). Most of the mother have good knowledge regarding prevention (66.6%), while (35%) they did not know Rota virus vaccine. The study conclude that


We introduce a novel dynamic optimization framework to analyze optimal portfolio allocations within an information driven default contagion model. The investor allocates his wealth across several defaultable stocks whose growth rates and default intensities are driven by a hidden Markov chain. We provide a rigorous analysis of default contagion arising through recursive dependence of the optimal strategies on the gradient of value functions. We establish uniform bounds for solutions to a sequence of approximation problems, show their convergence to the unique Sobolev solution of a recursive system of Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman partial differential equations (HJB PDEs), and prove the corresponding verification theorem. We provide a numerical study to illustrate the sensitivity of the strategies to default contagion, stock volatility, and risk aversion.


[Objective]To explore the prevention and control strategy toward the occupational chemical factors during the production process of chemical drug substances.[Methods]The prevention and control strategies toward the occupational chemical factors generated during the production process of BO-006 in a foreign chemical drug substances multifunctional production factory of Guangzhou City were investigated and analyzed.[Results]The factory has established the prevention and control measures toward the occupational chemical factors generated during the production process of BO-006. The detection results of chemical factors in workplace met the occupational exposure limits of GBZ 2. 1-2007.[Conclusion]The factory has established the occupational health risk control strategy with the whole life cycle mode according to the chemical factors. In China,the prevention and control strategies toward the chemical factors need to be standardized and improved in chemical drug substances manufacturing industry.


Novel modifications of H source designs have been proposed. A new source under development is an advanced version of a Penning DT SPS (Dudnikov-Type Penning Surface Plasma Source) which will generate brighter beam in noiseless discharge, deliver up to 20 mA average current with better electrode cooling using new materials, and have longer lifetime, fast beam chopping capability, and reduced cesium loss.


Objective To research the effect of recovery nursing path in breast cancer patient.Methods 80 patients of breast cancer were divided to control group 40 case and experimental group 40 case,control group using conventional nursing care,experimental group using recovery nursing path and separately observe the effect of two groups.Results Comparing in two group patients the incidence of postoperative complication and hospitalization and quality of life,differences have statistic significance.Conclusion To breast cancer patient implementation of the recovery nursing path can reduce postoperative complication and heighten quality of life and promote patient's recovery.


The time shift method for device of receiving program signal includes situations: for command of holding time shift for channel program signal, it is not related to channel change so as to continue storing transmission stream; for command of switching channel with time shift maintained, the method executes function of time shift, stores transmission stream of channel A received by tuner/demodulator; when inputting command of holding time shift, then the method stops tune of first tuner/demodulator, receives program signal through channel A by second tuner/demodulator, stores transmission stream of channel A right along, and executes function of time shift; when switching to channel B without command of holding time shift, first tuner/demodulator tunes program signal in channel B with available video and audio, second tuner/demodulator tunes channel A right along, and storing transmission stream; when inputting command for switching to channel A, the method executes related operations.


Background: Transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) inhibits osteocalcin (Ocn) transcription and osteoblast differentiation. Results: The inhibition of Ocn expression and osteoblast differentiation by TGFβ is blunted upon lack of Atf4 or vimentin knockdown. Conclusion: ATF4 and vimentin are novel downstream targets of TGFβ in osteoblasts. Significance: Understanding mechanisms by which transcription factors are regulated is crucial for developing effective anabolic drugs for bone. ATF4 is an osteoblast-enriched transcription factor of the leucine zipper family. We recently identified that vimentin, a leucine zipper-containing intermediate filament protein, suppresses ATF4-dependent osteocalcin (Ocn) transcription and osteoblast differentiation. Here we show that TGFβ inhibits ATF4-dependent activation of Ocn by up-regulation of vimentin expression. Osteoblasts lacking Atf4 (Atf4−/−) were less sensitive than wild-type (WT) cells to the inhibition by TGFβ on alkaline phosphatase activity, Ocn transcription and mineralization. Importantly, the anabolic effect of a monoclonal antibody neutralizing active TGFβ ligands on bone in WT mice was blunted in Atf4−/− mice. These data establish that ATF4 is required for TGFβ-related suppression of Ocn transcription and osteoblast differentiation in vitro and in vivo. Interestingly, TGFβ did not directly regulate the expression of ATF4; instead, it enhanced the expression of vimentin, a negative regulator of ATF4, at the post-transcriptional level. Accordingly, knockdown of endogenous vimentin in 2T3 osteoblasts abolished the inhibition of Ocn transcription by TGFβ, confirming an indirect mechanism by which TGFβ acts through vimentin to suppress ATF4-dependent Ocn activation. Furthermore, inhibition of PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling, but not canonical Smad signaling, downstream of TGFβ, blocked TGFβ-induced synthesis of vimentin, and inhibited ATF4-dependent Ocn transcription in osteoblasts. Thus, our study identifies that TGFβ stimulates vimentin production via PI3K-Akt-mTOR signaling, which leads to suppression of ATF4-dependent Ocn transcription and osteoblast differentiation.


This paper is intended as an investigation of the provisions concerning the Trust created by self-declaration under the revised Trust Act. There is a provision of a self-declaration among methods of creating trusts in this Act §3 ①. The self-declaration is a truster's declaration holding his identifiable property as a trustee. We call this trust creating by it the trust created by self-declaration. Because of it's useful, this self-declaration is adopted under the revised Trust Act and influenced the provisions of the Trust Law in Japan §3, and the Uniform Trust Code in U.S.A. §401, and the Draft Common Frame of Reference in U.K. Ⅹ-2:103. The trust created by selfdeclaration is special and unique, so it is necessary to make a comparison between these provisons of the countries mentioned above. I shall discuss, in detail, self-declaration classified 4 group, or ① a sole truster and a sole trustee, and ② a sole truster and co-trustee, and ③ co-truster and a sole trustee, and ④ co-truster and co-trustee. And I shall analyze ⅰ) a deed of creating Trusts, and a method of public notice in the self-declaration, and ⅱ) the status of a truster, and a trustee, and a beneficiary in the trust created by self-declaration, and ⅲ) the termination of the trust created by self-declaration.


The U.S. Naval Observatory (USNO) has provided timing for the Navy since 1830 and, in cooperation with other institutions, has also provided timing for the United States and the international community. Its Master Clock (MC) is the source of UTC (USNO), USNO's realization of Coordinated Universal Time (UTC), which has stayed within 5 ns rms of UTC since 1999 and within 3.1 ns rms in 2008. The data used to generate UTC (USNO) are based upon 70 cesium and 24 hydrogen maser frequency standards in four buildings at two sites. USNO disseminates time via voice, telephone modem, LORAN, Network Time Protocol (NTP), GPS, and Two-Way Satellite Time Transfer (TWSTT). This paper describes some of the changes being made to meet the future needs for precision, accuracy, and robustness. Further details and explanations of our services can be found online at http://tycho.usno.navy.mil, which will shortly be transformed to http://www.usno.navy.mil.


With an analysis on the bidding process for expressway survey and design work,the article points out some issues that shoul d be paid attention to during the bidding process and proposes some recommendati ons for improving tendering/bidding system.


Generalized simulated annealing (GSA) is an optimization technique for locating the global optimum. In this paper GSA was used as the optimization procedure in the constrained background bilinearization (CBBL) of two‐way bilinear data in order to reduce the possibility of sinking into local optima. The behaviour of the algorithm and its comparison with the modified Powell algorithm were studied by simulations and real fluorescence excitation–emission data for organic dye mixtures.


"In this succinct and well-written book, Francia analyzes the American labor movement's efforts to influence politics and legislation....This book is an excellent primer on the issue of organized labor's role in American politics. Summing Up: Highly recommended." -Paul F. Clark, Department Head and Professor, Department of Labor Studies and Industrial Relations at Penn State University, in Choice (July/August 2006), p. 2039.


Aimed at the difficulty in the track initiation of the quadric frequency difference continuous wave radar whose ranging error is circularly changing from big to small, it was proposed that a fuzzy range gate was used in track initiation, where the radial velocity and its difference gate and the sector gate was cooperatively employed, eliminating the false track resulted from the lower difference from target radial velocity. The simulation shows that the gate is of effectiveness.


Ergonomic design of a pushrim may improve wheelchair propulsion performance. To evaluate the possible benefits of a prototype ergonomic pushrim design, nine manual wheelchair users conducted a start-up propulsion trial while using their own standard pushrim (SP) and the prototype ergonomic pushrim (NEP). Biomechanics data were compared between start-up and steady-state phases of the trial. The results showed that the NEP minimized hand gripping moments (p<0.05) with having similar propulsive power output as the SP at both phases. This finding suggests that using the NEP may reduce potential secondary injuries to the hand.


increases the risk for edema; a clinical trial of rapid initial dose escalation of up to 40 mg per day of olanzapine versus usual clinical practice did not report treatment-emergent edema in 10% or greater in either group. As noted above, cases have included instances of edema at low olanzapine doses and short durations. A retrospective cohort study by Ng et al found that olanzapine-associated edema may be more common than previously thought. Of 49 patients on olanzapine identified by an electronic health record, the investigators found that 57% exhibited some form of edema on clinical examination. Transaminitis featured prominently in our patient, but has only been reported in oneother caseof olanzapine-associated edema. It is unclear if this occurred by chance or instead represents a hepatotoxic component of the olanzapine-associated edema syndrome. A score of 7 on the Naranjo Adverse Drug Reaction Probability Scale indicated a "probable" association between olanzapine and the patient's edema. Aswe did not rechallenge the patient with olanzapine, it is unknown if the event would recur. However, previous cases have shown recurrence with rechallenge without cross-reactivity to risperidone. Our patient also did not experience a recurrence of edema on risperidone. It is unclear if the structurally similar antipsychotics quetiapine or clozapine would exhibit cross-reactivity, although one case reported no cross-reactivity with quetiapine. Predicting the risk of recurrence is difficult without a detailed understanding of the mechanism. Additionally, it is unclear if the transaminitis our patient experienced was coincidental or part of a larger adverse effect syndrome. In the meantime, caution is advised when considering alternative antipsychotics. Transaminases and edema should be monitored upon switching. Themechanism for olanzapine-associated edema is unclear.Various hypotheses have been put forth, including alpha-1 adrenergic receptor and serotonin-2 receptor blockade, causing vasodilation, leading to third spacing of intravascular volume. Honma et al noted histopathological findings consistent with an allergic reaction to olanzapine, in addition to elevated C-reactive protein and eosinophilia. Further workup in our case may have included immunological testing and biopsy. In the case reported by Honma et al, the patient was reportedly taking lithium carbonate 600 mg by mouth per day, though no effect on lithium levels was noted. Lithium is an alkali metal formulated as the lithium carbonate or citrate salt for the treatment of bipolar disorder. Given an apparent volume of distribution (Vd) of 0.7 to 1 L/kg (yielding a nonanatomical 49–70 L in a 70 kg adult), lithium distribution and


Under the action of seismic forces, joints of RC frame structures are subjected to large shear stresses in the core. The seismic performance of RC frame structures is often governed by the behavior of its beam-column connections. This is especially true for the case of non-seismically designed frame structures that were constructed following old and seismically poor detailing practices. For correct assessment of seismic performance of such structures, it is essential to consider inelastic behavior and distortion of the joint core. In this paper, the influence of joint modelling on seismic evaluation of nonseismically designed (NSD) RC frame structures is highlighted through examples at sub-assembly and structural level. It is clearly brought out that not considering the inelastic behaviour of beam-column joints can not only result in over-prediction of the failure loads, but also can lead to wrong prediction of failure modes and unrealistically high ductility. The examples clearly demonstrate the importance of modelling the joint inelastic behaviour in order to capture the realistic seismic behaviour of the NSD structures. Furthermore, it is shown that a relatively simple and practical lumped plasticity based model is able to capture the seismic response of the joints of the structures well. INTRODUCTION Traditionally, beam-column joints of the reinforced concrete (RC) frame structures were considered rigid, which was credited to the confining action of the members framing into the joint core. This approach works well to analyse structures subjected to gravity loads since the joint panel is not subjected to large forces in such cases. However, under the action of seismic forces, beam-column joints are subjected to large shear stresses in the core. These shear stresses in the joint are a result of moments of opposite signs on the member ends on either side of the joint core. Typically, high bond stress requirements are also imposed on reinforcement bars of beams framing into the joint. The axial and joint shear stresses result in principal tension and compression that leads to diagonal cracking and/or crushing of concrete in the joint core. These stresses in the joint core are resisted by the socalled strut and tie mechanism (Paulay and Priestley, 1992). To prevent the shear failure of the joint core by diagonal tension, joint shear reinforcement is needed, which is therefore prescribed by the newer design codes. Moreover, these codes prescribe a large anchorage length of the bars terminating in case of exterior joints, so that a bond failure may be avoided. It is now generally accepted that the design and detailing requirements laid by new codes ensure a better seismic performance as compared to those designed as per old codes. This is especially true for the performance of beam-column joints of structures. However, a majority of the structures 1 Post-Doctoral Research Engineer, Institute of Construction Materials, University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart email@example.com 2 Professor Emeritus, Institute of Construction Materials, University of Stuttgart, firstname.lastname@example.com 3 Professor, Institute of Construction Materials, University of Stuttgart, firstname.lastname@example.com


A Schottky gated field effect transistor (FET) has been prepared utilizing poly(3‐alkylthiophene) containing photodissociative diphenyliodonium hexafluoroarsenate (Ph2IAsF6). Upon irradiation of light on the FET, the FET characteristic has changed drastically which can be explained in terms of enhanced carrier density and carrier mobility due to the photodissociation of Ph2IAsF6. The relation between enhancement of carrier density and that of carrier mobility has been discussed. Monolithic field effect transistors composed of poly(3‐alkylthiophene) containing Ph2IAsF6 have been also proposed.


Targets that give rise to multiple measurements for each scan in high-resolution sensors are defined as extended targets. In general, existing algorithms based on the random finite set (RFS) theory assume that the number of measurements generated by an extended target follows a Poisson distribution; however, this assumption has been found to be inaccurate and inconsistent with actual situations. To address this problem, an extended target cardinality balanced multi-target multi-Bernoulli (ET-CBMeMBer) filter based on a binomial measurement model is proposed. Firstly, it is assumed that each extended target's measurement number is binomial distributed. Then, its updated equations are analytically derived and relevant proofs are provided. Finally, simulated results illustrate the proposed filter's effectiveness and superior tracking performance compared to the Poisson ET-CBMeMBer filter.


A method for performing a keyless access authorization control for a motor vehicle between a vehicle-side transmitting and receiving means (2) comprising an evaluation unit (9) and an identification transmitter (ID transmitter) (3, 4), in which method for performing a determination of the instantaneous ID licensors position encoded, sent motor car areas characterizing signals and action signals from the transmitter-receiver device (2) and the ID transmitter (3, 4) are received, characterized in that the position determination and a further evaluation of the received signals of the ID transmitter (3, 4) by the ID transmitter (3, 4) itself is carried out, - wherein the of the ID transmitter (3, 4) received and coded transmit signals are evaluated with respect to a statement as to whether the ID transmitter (3, 4) inside or outside the motor vehicle (1), and - following a position determination as a further evaluation in a first step, a plausibility check is performed on the of the ID transmitter (3, 4) received action signal as a function of its previously determined position, to determine whether the receiving the action signal ...


Creating non-classical states of light from simple quantum systems together with classical re-sources is a challenging problem. We show how chiral emitters under a coherent drive can generate non-classical photon states. For our analysis, we select a specific temporal mode in the transmitted light field, resulting in a coupled master equation for the relevant mode and the chiral emitters. We characterise the mode's state by its Wigner function and show that the emission from the system predominantly produces mixtures of few-photon-added coherent states. We argue that these non-classical states are experimentally accessible and show their application for quantum metrology.


In nineteenth-century Spain, the education of deaf students took shape through various contradictory philosophies and practices. Susan Plann depicts this ambivalence by profiling a select group of teachers and students in her detailed history "The Spanish National Deaf School: Portraits from the Nineteenth Century." Plann s subjects reveal the political, financial, and identity issues that dominated the operation of the National School for Deaf-Mutes and the Blind in Madrid from 1805 to1899. Roberto Francisco Pradez y Gautier, the first deaf teacher in Spain, taught art from 1805 36; he also was the last deaf teacher for the next 50 years. Juan Manuel Ballesteros, the hearing director from 1835 to1868, enacted an ableist policy that barred deaf professors. At the same time, another hearing teacher, Francisco Fernandez Villabrille, wrote the first Spanish Sign Language dictionary. In the 1870s, two deaf students, Manuel Tinoco and Patricio Garcia, resisted the physical abuse they received and set the stage for the growth of a Deaf identity that opposed the deprecating medical model of deafness. Marcelina Ruiz Ricote y Fernandez a hearing female teacher who taught from 1869 to 1897, combated the school s sexist polices. "The Spanish National Deaf School" concludes with Martin de Martin y Ruiz, the most famous deaf-blind student from the Madrid school. Through these portraits, Plann has brought life to the major issues that defined education in nineteenth-century Spain, themes that have influenced the status of deaf Spaniards today."


There is dearth of literature targeting the behavioral correlates to central auditory processing among individuals with Diabetes. As communication being crucial aspect of human existence and losing the skill to effectively communicate adversely affects quality of life (QoL).So the present study was undertaken with the aim to examine the effect of type II Diabetes on speech perception in noise. A total of 80 subjects equally divided in to experimental and control group participated in this research. Experimental group consisted of 40 individuals with  Diabetes (TYPE II) diagnosed for minimum five years between the age range of 28 – 60 years, with a mean age of 44years with equal gender representation. The effect of Diabetes on speech perception abilities among individuals with greater than 5 years of diabetic age, results revels a statistically significant difference between both the groups with p value < 0.01 for speech perception task and also there was association between the age of diabetes and the quick SIN scores for individuals with diabetes. We hypothesize that reduced sensory processing ability which could be due to involvement of various structures of central nervous system might have contributed to poor speech understanding abilities in diabetics individuals.


Plasma radiation near the second harmonic of the plasma frequency driven by the loss-cone instability of magnetically trapped energetic electrons in stellar coronae is considered. Growth rates of longitudinal waves near the upper hybrid frequency are determined for warm background plasma and sufficiently high plasma densities, ωp > ωc, where the electrostatic instability prevails over the electromagnetic cyclotron maser instability, with particular attention given to the intermediate magnetic field condition, 1 < ω/ω ≲ 5. The plasma turbulence level and the brightness temperature of the second-harmonic plasma radiation arising from the coalescence of upper hybrid waves are estimated. The brightness temperature can reach ~1014 K for spontaneous conversion of the waves and ~1016 K for induced conversion. The radiation pattern of the second-harmonic plasma emission is also calculated; it shows a prevalence of the extraordinary mode. Analyzing the problem of the escape of radiation from stellar coronae, it is found that the escape window is wider for the o-mode because the x-mode radiation is strongly absorbed by the warm background plasma at the low harmonic gyrolevels, and thus the observed radiation can be polarized in the ordinary sense in the intermediate magnetic field case. Because of the high temperature of the plasma in the coronae of X-ray-emitting stars, the characteristic length scale of the wave conversion and the efficiency of the plasma radiation mechanism can be much higher than on the Sun. The results are discussed in the context of nonthermal quiescent and flare radio emission from active stars.


This paper demonstrates an AlGaN/GaN ion-sensitive heterostructure field-effect transistors (ISHFETs)-based pH sensors with an aluminum oxide (Al2O3) to serve as a passivation layer and a sensing membrane at the same time. Al2O3 was deposited by the ultrasonic spray pyrolysis deposition (USPD) method. It was found that the ISHFET with Al2O3 showed a higher pH sensitivity of 55.6 mV/pH, a faster response speed of 3 s (from pH 4 to pH 7) and 7 s (from pH 7 to pH 10), a lower hysteresis voltage of 4.3 mV, and a smaller drift rate of 1.25 mV/h (at pH 7) compared with the ISHFET without passivation. In addition, the ISHFET with an Al2O3 passivation layer exhibited significant surface potential variation and low degradation rate. These results suggest that the performance of ISHFET improved using USPD-grown Al2O3.


Materials. Tetrahydrofuran (THF) (HPLC grade, >99.99%) was stirred over potassium/sodium alloy until a sky-blue color was observed and distilled in vacuo before use. NiBr2 (Fluka, 97%), Ph3P (Aldrich, 99%), and 1-bromonaphthalene (Aldrich, 98%) were used as received. Triphenylmethane (TPM) (Aldrich, 97%) was dried under high vacuum at 60 °C for 3 h. MMA was stirred over CaH2 for 24 h, distilled in vacuo, and then distilled twice over triethylaluminum. 1-Naphthyltriphenylphosphonium bromide (NTPP,Br, 1) was prepared by stirring NiBr2 ,P h 3P, and 1-bromonaphthalene mixture at 200 ° Cf or 3h . 15 The NTPP,Br was of high purity based on proton and 31P NMR: ‰H (400 MHz; CDCl3) 8.42 (Ha, 1H, d, J 8.4), 8.12 (Hb, 1H, d, J 7.6), 7.87 (Hj, 3H, t, J 7.4), 7.77-7.72 (Hi + Hg, 7H, m), 7.66-7.60 (Hh + Hc, 7H, m), 7.537.46 (Hf, 1H, m), 7.40-7.36 (Hd + He, 2H, m) with the structure and assignment in Figure 2A and Figure SI-2 (Supporting Information); ‰P (162 MHz; CDCl3): 22.2. TPP,Br (Aldrich, 97%) and NTPP,Br were dried under high vacuum at 190 °C for 3 h before use. TPM,K (2) was prepared from TPM using a potassium mirror in THF. Polymerizations. Polymerizations were carried out in THF at 25 °C in vacuo using break-seal techniques. In a typical procedure (Table 1, no. 4), compounds 1 (0.118 g, 0.250 mmol) and 2 (8.40 mL, 0.0173 mol/L in THF) were mixed in THF and stirred for various periods (Scheme 1, eq 1) before addition of an MMA/THF solution (5.10 mL, 1.43 mol/L). The NTPP ylide-mediated polymerizations were terminated by 1 mL acetic acid/methanol (1/3 V/V). Methanol (1 mL) was used to terminate the TPP,TPMinitiated polymerizations. The PMMA solutions were precipitated in hexanes, filtered, and dried in vacuo to constant weight. Characterization. NMR spectra were recorded in CDCl3 on a Varian Mercury-400 ( 1 H: 400 MHz; 13 C: 100 MHz; 31 P: 162 MHz) or a Bruker AMX-500 ( 1 H: 500 MHz; 2 H: 77 MHz) instrument. CDCl3 was used as an external standard for the 2 H NMR measurements. Size exclusion chromatography (SEC) analyses were carried out at 25 °C on a Waters-510 instrument using three "Polymer Laboratories" (10 I m1 0 4 A (10K -600K), 5 I m1 0 3 A (0.5K-60K), and 5 Im 50 A (up to 2K) columns and equipped with UV and RI detectors in THF at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min using PMMA standards. Molecular weights were also determined by proton NMR. UV-vis spectra were recorded on an HP 8453 UV-vis spectrophotometer.


Objective
To analysis the clinical outcome at discharge and its risk factors of extremely preterm infants.

Method
To retrospectively analysis the clinical outcome at discharge and it′s risk factors of extremely preterm infants (less than 28 weeks gestation) admitted from September 2008 to August 2014 in our Hospital.

Result
A total of 179 cases were enrolled. Survival rate was 59.2% (106/179). Unfavorable outcome rate was 74.3% (133/179), among them 73 cases died. The top five causes of death were severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) (28 cases), Ⅲ~Ⅳ° intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) (19 cases), sepsis (16 cases) and necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) (6 cases). Among the 60 survivals with unfavorable outcomes, 35 cases had either severe neurologic or ophthalmological sequela, and 25 cases had severe pulmonary sequela. Univariate analysis showed that, comparing with improved group, unfavorable outcome group had higher rates of not receiving prenatal steroids, placental abruption, male, small for gestation age, resuscitation with chest compression, admission age older than 72 hour, severe respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), without pulmonary surfactant (PS) usage, mechanical ventilation beyond 2 weeks and sepsis (P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that those without prenatal steroids (OR=9.402, P=0.002), small for gestational age (OR=8.271, P=0.018), resuscitation with chest compression (OR=6.325, P=0.023), admission age older than 72 hour (OR=4.174, P=0.028) were independent risk factors for unfavorable outcome of extremely premature at discharge.

Conclusion
Extremely preterm infants have a higher rate of unfavorable outcome at discharge. Avoid small for gestational age, transfer properly and in time both in utero and after birth, and conduct prenatal steroids could improve their clinical outcome at discharge.

Key words:
Infant, premature; Prognosis; Risk factors; Retrospective studies; Extremely preterm


The trade unions in the steel industry have faced two waves of restructuring, the first centring on closures, capacity reductions and mass redundancies, the second involving fundamental changes to patterns of work organization, labour utilization and industrial relations. Overall, the trade unions involved have failed to develop an adequate response to management-led change, relying instead on traditional methods and lines of interest representation. The challenges embodied in such developments as teamworking and craft restructuring are considered, together with union responses and the structural and ideological constraints on those responses. Contrasts are drawn with more successful union involvement in comparable changes in the German steel industry. In the conclusion, the authors review the dilemmas facing the UK unions in the steel industry and the main areas for a new agenda.


The paper analyzes sexism in both English and Chinese from four aspects: the origin of the word, word formation, usage, and the meaning of the word.


The invention discloses a multifunctional bracket for density value detecting of printing paper. The multifunctional bracket comprises a grab handle, wherein a connecting block is arranged at the end part of the grab handle and perpendicular to the grab handle; an inserting rod is arranged on the connecting block and connected with a fixing block; a fixing ring is arranged on the fixing block; the fixing ring and the fixing block are integrally formed; the inserting rod is perpendicular to the fixing ring in space; a positioning groove is formed in the connecting block; a positioning plate is arranged on the positioning groove; a spring pin is arranged between the positioning plate and the positioning groove; one end of the inserting rod is inserted in the fixing block, and the other end of the inserting rod is connected with the positioning plate; an open slot is formed in the fixing ring, and the open slot takes the shape of a half ring. According to the multifunctional bracket for density value detecting of the printing paper, a detection light source can be conveniently mounted, the mounted detection light source is firmer, the irradiation range of the detection light source can be conveniently adjusted; besides, a magnifying lens can be further mounted to observe the printing dots of paper.


Ritonavir and darunavir were examined using a ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) approach in pharmaceutical dosage forms. The small number of analytical studies that are currently available do not demonstrate the method's stability or nature. The study sought to assess both chemicals using a stability-indicating approach with a relatively short run time. The HSS C18 (100 × 2.1 mm), 2-mm column was used for the chromatographic separation, and isocratic elution was used to achieve this. In the mobile phase, methanol and 0.01 M phosphate buffer (pH 4.0) were included in a 60:40 (v/v) ratio. Throughout the analysis, the flow rate was kept at 0.2 mL min-1 , and a photodiode array detector set to 266 nm was used to find the major components. The proposed method showed a linear response (r2  > 0.999), and the accuracy was between 98.0% and 102.0%. The precision data showed relative standard deviation ≤1.0%. The UPLC method for quantification of ritonavir and darunavir in pharmaceutical dosage forms using a very short run time of under a minute is the subject of the proposed article. To meet current regulatory criteria, the quality by design idea was used in the method performance verification.


Submitted for the MAR09 Meeting of The American Physical Society Threading of Binuclear Ruthenium Complex Through DNA Bases THAYAPARAN PARAMANATHAN, Department of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA., FREDRIK WESTERLUND, Nano-Science Center, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark., MICAH MCCAULEY, Department of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA., PER LINCOLN, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Goteborg, Sweden., IOULIA ROUZINA, Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA., MARK WILLIAMS, Department of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA. — Due to steric constraints the dumb-bell shaped binuclear ruthenium complex can only intercalate DNA by threading, which requires local melting of the DNA to occur. By mechanically manipulating a single DNA molecule held with optical tweezers, we lower the barrier to threading compared to bulk experiments. Stretching single DNA molecules with different drug concentrations and holding a constant force allows the binding to reach equilibrium. We can obtain the equilibrium fractional ligand binding and length of DNA at saturation. Fitting these results yields quantitative measurements of the binding thermodynamics and kinetics. In addition, we obtain the minimum binding site size, which may be determined by either electrostatic repulsion or steric constraints. Thayaparan Paramanathan Department of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA. Date submitted: 28 Nov 2008 Electronic form version 1.4


The invention provides a household weight losing device and is applied to the field of weight losing instruments. The household weight losing device comprises a shell, a heat conduction device, a semiconductor chilling plate and a cooling fan, wherein the heat conduction device is used for making contact with skin and is arranged at the bottom of the shell; the semiconductor chilling plate is arranged in the shell above the heat conduction device, and the semiconductor chilling plate is attached to the end face where the upper portion of the heat conduction device is located; the cooling fan is arranged above the semiconductor chilling plate and is fixedly connected to the shell. According to the household weight losing device, the skin is evenly cooled and treated in the manner that the semiconductor chilling plate is used for refrigeration and through the heat conduction device; due to the fact that the semiconductor chilling plate can generate a great deal of heat during working, the cooling fan is needed to be arranged above the semiconductor chilling plate to dissipate heat; in addition, the household weight losing device is simple and practical in structure, convenient to carry, capable of being reused frequently, high in safety and especially suitable for private use, and extra time does not need to be spent.


Wavelength division multiplex has obvious advantages when it is used in fiber Bragg grating(FBG) sensing for simultaneous measurement of various quantities, but the number of sensors is usually restricted by the bandwidth of SLED and demodulator. The identical fiber Bragg grating is introduced for fire alarm system and the method of collecting signal of identical FBG sensors is described. The experiment result shows that with identical FBG sensing. The number of the sensors coupled in one fiber increases greatly and the precision can be ensured to meet the requirement for fire alarm system.