The article outlines three lexical-semantic fields of word-formation rows with the suffix -ment. The aim of the paper is to investigate three lexical-semantic fields which consist of the lexical-semantic field denoting improvement, confinement and feelings. To achieve this aim, the following tasks should be completed such as investigating motivation relations in derived words with the suffix -ment and analyzing their structure with the help of the applicative generative model. The methods of componential and comparative analysis and the relator language of the applicative generative model were applied for fulfilling the above-mentioned tasks. To build word-formation rows, the words are segmented according to their motivation relations. Etymological aspect is not taken into account. Every field consists of lexical-semantic groups. The lexical-semantic field denoting the action of improvement consists of fifty-eight words, which are classified into seven lexical-semantic groups. This field is represented by thirteen R-structures. The lexical-semantic field of feelings includes two lexicalsemantic groups which contain six R-structures. The lexical-semantic field of confinement includes twenty-one words represented by six R-structures. Paradigmatic relations in lexical-semantic groups were analyzed in order to illustrate interfiled connections. Synonymic rows and antonymic pairs in lexical-semantic groups and hyperonyms distinguished in lexical-semantic fields prove paradigmatic relations. Lexical-semantic fields consist of nouns because the suffix -ment generates, mainly, nomina actionis. The term word-formation row is described in the paper as this notion which is a complex unit of word-formation hasn't been studied thoroughly yet. The word-formation row in every lexicalsemantic field is highlighted in the article. The more lexical-semantic groups comprise the lexical-semantic field, the more R-structures the word-formation row has in a lexical-semantic field. Besides, this fact proves that English words with the suffix -ment are polysemous and variable. The polysemy of these words is illustrated via interfiled connections, e.g., the word fulfillment with the meaning "a feeling of satisfaction" belongs to the lexical-semantic field of feelings, and with the meaning "the act of doing smth. that you have promised or intended to do" this word can be involved in the lexical-semantic group of achievement which belongs to the lexical-semantic field of improvement. The relator language of the applicative generative model is used to investigate R-structure of English words with the suffix -ment. This analysis helps to create word-formation rows. R=rows of artificial language and L=rows of natural language are described. The research results lead to the conclusion that three lexical-semantic fields can be characterized by polysemous character of English words with the suffix -ment which are represented by interfiled connections. The variety of R-structures comprising wordformation rows shows the variativity of the investigated words and proves the idea that words may be derived not only from verbs but also nouns and adjectives. Interfield connections in three lexicalsemantic fields demonstrate that all words with the suffix -ment can be grouped into lexical-semantic fields. It can be useful and significant for linguists to create different English dictionaries. So, the aim of the further study is to arrange all existing words with the suffix -ment into lexical-semantic fields and make an attempt to create the dictionary of R-words and L=words with the suffix -ment.


The invention relates to high-strength Al-Mg-Si-Cu alloy and a preparation method thereof. The alloy comprises 0.8-1.4wt% of Mg, 0.8-1.6wt% of Si, 0.2-0.8wt% of Cu, 0.2-1.0wt% of Mn, 0.1-0.4wt% of Cr, 0.01-0.1wt% of Ti, not more than 0.25wt% of Fe, not more than 0.15wt% of all inevitable impurities and the balance of Al. The preparation method of the alloy comprises the following steps of: preparing an alloy cast ingot by adopting a semi-continuous casting mode, heating the semi-continuous cast ingot along with the furnace to 300-350 DEG C, then heating to 520-570 DEG C at a heating rate of 1-10 DEG C/min, carrying out heat insulation for 4-10 hours, cooling in air, heating the homogenized cast ingot again to 450-500 DEG C, and forging, wherein the final forging temperature is not lower than 350 DEG C; and carrying out T6 heat treatment on the forged piece.


The importance of television, as a complex means and as a member of the so-called multimedia affects the system of the Right of Information. Even though, through the Law Principles, there are stabilizing elements which refer lo subjects and messages that must have introduced specific rules which concern television, being considered as a mass medium and through programming it becomes information means as well. In any case, if Law is able lo manage its positive aspects and its dangers; television is a great means lo make the natural Right lo Information efficient.


We are delighted to present the third special issue on small wild cats. The authors of this special issue worked on seven small wild cats in eight countries and provide important updates on their distribution, behaviour and their plights.


SILVER SPRING, MD—The Oncologic Drugs Advisory Committee (ODAC) to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration cast a unanimous vote here at its meeting last month recommending that the agency approve EP2006, a proposed "biosimilar" to the biologic drug filgrastim (Neupogen). Neupogen binds to the granulocyte colonystimulating factor (G-CSF) receptor, and is widely prescr ibed to t rea t neutropenia. The 14-0 ODAC vote is historic because it represents the first time a biologic agent was brought before an FDA advisory committee as a biosimilar drug under a new regulatory pathway. If approved, EP2006 would become the first biosimilar approved in the United States, and would likely pave the way for others. While the FDA does not have to take ODAC's advice, it frequently does. Continued on page 12 PERIODICALS @OncologyTimes


Nonlinear measurement models pose a challenge to linear filters. The ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) is a popular choice despite its tendency to diverge in systems with highly accurate, highly nonlinear measurements. In this work, we present the Bayesian Recursive Update EnKF (BRUEnKF): a novel EnKF that employs the Bayesian Recursive Update Filter (BRUF) measurement update. The BRUF divides the the extended Kalman filter (EKF) update into an integer number of steps, allowing for the recomputation of the measurement Jacobian at regular intervals. We adapt the BRUF update for an ensemble filter, taking advantage of the EnKF's numerical covariance computation at each update step. The BRUEnKF is shown to outperform the EnKF for systems with range measurements.


The dominance of social media has made religious authority temporary and fragmentised. Tariq Ramadan's rise to fame in Morocco cannot be disconnected from the particular position he had in France as a controversial figure who spoke up for Muslims in many heated debates. Fieldwork in Morocco shows that the religious practices and points of view of fans of Tariq Ramadan bear similarities to those of youngsters in other countries. Although Islam is a shared interest, politics and postcoloniality play an important role in his popularity.
The article demonstrates the importance of engagement with social, cultural and political issues as an indispensable constituent of authority, and argues that Moroccan fans of Ramadan are sensitive to the manner in which he criticises postcolonial power structures. The need to deconstruct neo-colonial structures and discourses is felt by French and Moroccan Muslims alike.


Communication cables, when the cable is extended close to each other, comprising a matrix tape for attenuating alien crosstalk. Matrix tape comprises a conductive portion. Conductive portions are preferably arranged on two layers of matrix tape. In one embodiment, the conductive portion is attached to the film with an adhesive. Barrier tape is preferably disposed between the cable core, the matrix tape.


We have performed x-ray photoemission spectroscopy on the system of noncentrosymmetric superconductor, Li 2 (Pd x Pt 1- x ) 3 B. For Li 2 Pt 3 B, we found two major peaks with two other weak components, and the band calculations were in agreement with the observation. The assignment of valence band features using the calculated partial density of states determined that Pt 5 d and B 2 p contribute to the density of states at the Fermi level. The effect of antisymmetric spin–orbit coupling on the band structure might have been probed, and the analysis on the effect of Pt incorporation into the system indicates the smooth evolution of electronic structures. We presented the measurements of core levels (Pd 3 d , Pt 4 f , and B 1 s ) and discussed the chemical bonding states and electronic structures from them.


Three Representatives Thought" aims to meet the needs of mankind and to help a healthy and comprehensive development of mankind and holds that the common people are the main force and creator of history, which is a scientific application of Marxist historical materialism and reveals the theoretical nature of "keep pace with the times".


The purpose of this article is to investigate the efficacy of Sandplay Therapy (SPT) in reducing children's kindergarten entrance anxiety in an effort to provide front-line preschool teachers with insights and strategies for addressing the emotional distress of children in their first days of nursery school. As a case study, the application of SPT to a 3-year-old boy who struggled with his transition into kindergarten was cited. The differences in his emotions and behaviors before and after six sessions of SPT were evaluated, revealing that the intervention through SPT significantly decreased his anxiety level while increasing his willingness to attend nursery school and that he finally developed a sound adaptation to the school, according to the comments of the observers. Findings showed that SPT could help kids feel less nervous about starting kindergarten and adjust better to new situations.


PURPOSE: A body marker providing method and an ultrasonic wave diagnosis device therefor are provided to accurately display a target by generating a body marker by using a real image of the target. CONSTITUTION: An examinee image acquisition unit (110) acquires the image of examinee. The image includes the location information of a probe. A body marker generation unit (120) generates a body marker indicating the location of a target. A storage unit (130) stores the ultrasonic wave image for the target and the generated body marker. A control unit (140) controls the examinee image acquisition unit, the body marker generation unit, and the storage unit. [Reference numerals] (100) Ultrasonic wave diagnosis device; (110) Examinee image acquisition unit; (111) Image sensor; (113) Infrared sensor; (115) Thermal image sensor; (120) Body marker generation unit; (130) Storage unit; (140) Control unit; (150) Display unit


We show that the existential theory of the recursively enumerable degrees in the language L containing predicates for order andn-jump comparability for alln, and constant symbols for least and greatest elements, is decidable. The decidability follows from our main theorem, where we show that any finite L-structure which is consistent with the order relation, the order-preserving property of the jump operator, and the property of the jump operator that the jump of an element is strictly greater than the element, can be embedded into the r.e. degrees.


In the present investigation, we have reported the fabrication of a low-cost, magnetically separable, solar light active NiFe2–xNdxO4 photocatalyst with different neodymium contents. The synthesized photocatalyst samples were characterized by a combination of various physicochemical techniques such as PXRD, SEM, EDS, FTIR, and UV–vis spectroscopy. It was observed that Nd substitution can greatly enhance absorption in the whole visible region. With an increase in Nd concentration, NiFe2–xNdxO4 samples show a red shift in absorption. Interestingly, Nd substitution into nickel ferrite results in a dramatic conversion of the inert NiFe2O4 into a highly solar light active photocatalyst for the degradation of organic pollutants and also shows excellent recyclability and durability properties. The significant enhancement in photoactivity under solar light irradiation can be ascribed to the reduction of the nickel ferrite band gap by Nd3+ substitution. Therefore, these unusual properties of NiFe2–xNdxO4 encourage...


The role of e-Learning as a tool for education and training is broad, embracing both higher education and school education (K-12) and is an integral component for lifelong learning and continuous improvement. The main thrust of e-Learning in Jordan to date has naturally come from the Ministry of Education (MoE) and who as part of its overall strategy to employ Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in education established a facilitating body – the Queen Rania Al Abdullah Center for Information and Educational Technology. In view of that, the Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research (MoHESR) has established a National e-Learning Strategy for Higher Education institutions. In this paper, we present a vision of e-Learning for higher education institutions in Jordan, in general and for the University of Jordan, in particular. Additionally, in order for e-Learning to be truly successful, we provide several e-Learning objectives for developing e-Learning at the University of Jordan particularly. This study also seeks to examine and explore the main challenges associated with successful utilization of e-Learning systems in higher education in Jordan.


China occupies an important position in Serbia's actual diplomatic strategy. Considering that the prospect of joining the European Union is one of the four major challenges for the future development of China-Serbia cooperation, the research objectives of this article is to focus on the limitations and challenges of China-Serbia relations. The author puts forward four major challenges facing China-Serbia cooperation: EU membership, global politics, trade restrictions, and cultural differences. Collecting data from the secondary sources, research papers and interviews from people in decision-making structures, with a focus on Serbia, this paper offers a reading of the opportunities to be explored as to the major challenges ad restrictions of Sino-Serbian relations.


The present invention relates to a radiator fan arrangement for a vehicle (1) which is powered by a combustion engine (2). The radiator fan arrangement comprises at least one cooling element (9, 13, 19) for cooling a medium, and a first radiator fan (20, 26) adapted to continuously generating a forced air flow through at least one region of the cooling element (9, 13, 19) in order to cool said medium during operation of the combustion engine (2). The radiator fan arrangement also comprises at least one extra radiator fan (22, 29) adapted to being activated and to generating an increased air flow through at least one region of said cooling element (9, 13, 19) in situations where the first radiator fan (20, 26) cannot provide sufficient air flow to cool as necessary the medium in the cooling element (9, 13, 19).


Power flow studies are very important in the planning or expansion of power system. With the integration of distributed generation (DG), micro-grids are becoming attractive. So, it is important to study the power flow of micro-grids. In grid connected mode, the power flow of the system can be solved in a conventional manner. In islanded mode, the conventional method (like Gauss Seidel) cannot be applied to solve power flow analysis. Hence some modifications are required to implement the conventional Gauss Seidel method to islanded micro-grids. This paper proposes a Modified Gauss Seidel (MGS) method, which is an extension of the conventional Gauss Seidel (GS) method. The proposed method is simple, easy to implement and accurate in solving the power flow analysis for islanded microgrids. The MGS algorithm is implemented on a 6 bus test system. The results are compared against the simulations results obtained from PSCAD/EMTDC which proves the accuracy of the proposed MGS algorithm.


Ferns are especially useful for the study of certain biogeographic problems of migration and speciation because the species have a high and nearly equivalent capacity for spore dispersal by air transport. Dispersal can bring spores of many species to an island from a source area; the ones that become cstablished are not a random assortment of the source species. Island floras have a major element of widely distributed source area species, although these are a minor element in the source area. The endemics on islands are mostly related to narrowly distributed source species, although these are a minor element in the island flora. In an archipelago the endemics are nearly always related to source species rather than to other species of the insular flora. Establishment of a species on an island is an individual, rather than a population, phenomenon because dispersal cannot bring the variability of a source population to the island. Adaptability of the genotype-phenotype of the single spore to a new environment and sensitivity to selection are characteristics that dominate success in migration and evolutionary potential under geographic isolation. Widely and narrowly distributed source species differ in these characteristics, and these differences account for the relative proportions of the two source groups in the insular flora and their relations to insular endemics. Re-immigration can maintain gene-flow between islands and is a deterrent to the evolution of species-flocks in an archipelago. INTEREST IN ISLAND biogeography has increased with the modern orientation toward the biology, ecology, and evolution of insular biotas (Carlquist 1965, 1967; MacArthur and Wilson 1967). This Symposium is an example of the heightened interest in islands, and its main theme reflects the new perspective on island studies. The ferns are a partictularly important groutp of plants to consider in relation to insular problems because of their high dispersibility. They comprise the Class Filicopsida (Polypodiophyta, Filicineae) with 10 major farnilies, some 200 genera, and about 10,000 species. I have restricted my discussion to the smaller and more isolated islands because it is among these that migration and endemism, as they relate to dispersal, can be examined to the best advantage. Large islands such as New Guinea, Madagascar, and New Zealand present special problems because of their size, and the West Indies and smaller islands of the IndoMalayan region are so close that their fern floras do not have attribtutes of instularity. Figure 1 provides the location of the islands referred to in this paper. The degree of geographic isolation and the age of the islands have not been considered in the context of historical geology. The existence of previotus high islands, for cxample, in the Pacific (Menard and Hamilton 1963) provides an historical background for present distribtutions withotut altering their instular nature. The biota of the present Pacific islands shows evidence of its devclopment tunder strong geographic isolation. The ages of all of the islands disctussed are sufficient to allow angiosperm endemics to have differentiated (rmany of them also have fern endemics) which wotuld also be sufficient time for the operation of the processes discussed in this paper. Dispersal and migration are distinct but complcmcntary processes. Dispersal is the transport (in ferns) of spores from one place to another; migration is the successful establishment of a species in a new area after dispersal. Migration cannot take place without dispersal, btut dispersal may occur (sometimes with high frequency) without migra-


Radiological monitoring installations are needed, and are most useful, in all parts of the nuclear fuel cycle, in radioactive waste management, and in decommissioning nuclear plants. Plant-specific systems are used especially to characterize and identify radioactive substances and waste, and in the operation of waste treatment centers. Greater efficiency is achieved by using this equipment for specific plant-dependent measurements on which decisions are based. Points in case are the higher throughputs attainable in waste treatment plants bysupporting data management by an additional plant-specific data tracking system. For this purpose, RWE NUKEM GmbH developed a comprehensive range of monitoring systems over the past few years. They can be modified as a function of requirements and can be tailored to specific applications. These systems mainly include facilities for identifying fissile material and determining the burnup of spent fuel, systems for waste classification and waste separation, and for characterizing radioactive waste or conducting clearance measurements of potentially radioactive waste. The measuring techniques employed in these systems have been known and proven for a long time. They are the basis also of present monitoring systems. However, specific requirements and the need for optimized plant-specific designs have led to advanced measuring techniques. Especially the skillful combination of measurement systems and the use of fast PCs have produced powerful monitoring systems for a variety of routine applications.


The article analyses data collected from the associative experimentin Novosibirsk in May 2008. A comparative analysis of the results collected with respect to age differences allowed to reveal several tendencies in the dynamics of the associative field since the 1990s. (A comparative analysis of the results reveal differences in the responses by different age groups and several tendencies in the dynamics of the associative field since the 1990s).


Subepithelial mucinous corneal dystrophy (SMCD) is a very rare form of superficial corneal dystrophy characterized by frequent recurrent corneal erosions in the first decade of life, with progressive loss of vision.


Objective To explore the value of brain natriuretic peptide(BNP)to the assessment of the treatment and prognosis of acute pancreatitis(AP).Methods Sixty-six patients with AP were divided into mild AP(MAP)group(n=36)and severe AP(SAP)group(n=30).The serum BNP was detected on the first and fifth days after admission to SICU and the results were compared between two groups.Results The serum BNP level before treatment((407.239±71.353)ng/L)was significantly higher than that after treatment((245.309±64.358)ng/L)(P0.05).The serum BNP level was significantly higher in SAP group((445.810±77.864)ng/L)than that in MAP group((375.097±45.760)ng/L)before treatment,and higher in SAP group((291.373±51.848)ng/L)than that in MAP group((206.922±46.157)ng/L)after treatment(P0.05),significantly lower after treatment than those before treatment in both two groups(P0.05).Conclusion The dynamic detection of serum BNP plays an important role in assessing disease development,guiding treatment and judging prognosis of AP.


Elastomers present a stress softening phenomenon known as the Mullins effect. The main difficulty is to determine a model based on physical hypothesis with an analytical form usable in finite element codes. An attempt to reconcile the two approaches is presented. The alteration model proposed by Marckmann et al. (2002) is successful in the simulation of the stress softening phenomenon but has a complex analytical form because of the eight-chain model formulation. Thanks to the use of equivalences between different hyperelastic energy densities, a new stress softening model is built thanks to the Gent hyperelastic energy density.


The objective of this work was to investigate the efficiency of a partly pit ventilation system with cleaning of the air exhausted from the pit. The analysis, including Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) methods, showed that evacuating and cleaning of 10% of the total ventilation capacity from a pit may reduce the ammonia emission of the system by 73%, and the ammonia concentration in the room was significantly reduced. In a similar production system without pit ventilation cleaning of 10% of the ventilation capacity reduced the ammonia emission by 41% compared to no cleaning. A drawback of the pit ventilation system is that it increases the ammonia release from the slurry surface by 26% and, consequently, may increase the operating cost of a cleaning system in order to remove this extra ammonia.


Abstract - Our idea is to improve the performance and efficiency of multicore processors. Using piezoelectric materials, the power supply to each core can be cut off if the load is low. This way, the number of cores running for performing light tasks is less. Improving efficiency and improving performance drastically. The piezoelectric material can be used between the processor cores. Once a processor reaches it's peak load, the change in current and voltage can change the dimensions of the piezoelectric material. The piezoelectric material is used as the power source connection for the cores in the microprocessor. The connections are made in a mesh design. This connection provides power for the next core and hence the load is shared instantly. Based on the load, multiple cores can be switched on or off. This way, battery life can be theoretically doubled using the same components used in current generation systems


Three sensitive and validated chromatographic methods were developed for determination of Agomelatine (AGO) in the presence of its degradation products in drug substance and drug product. The first and second methods were normal thin layer chromatographic (NP-TLC) and reversed phase thin layer chromatographic (RP-TLC) methods. Mobile phase consisting of ethyl acetate-ammonia (33%)-methanol (8.5:0.5:1, v/v/v) was used for NP-TLC while for RP-TLC using 0.1% triethylamine (TEA): acetonitrile (60:40 v/v) at pH=2. The chromatograms were scanned at 230 and 280 nm and determined in the range of 0.1-4 and 0.3-4 μg/spot with mean percentage recovery of 99.89 ± 1.141 and 100.01 ± 1.062 for NP-TLC and RP-TLC respectively. The third method was Micellar Liquid Chromatographic (MLC) method using C18 column and a mobile phase consisting of 0.1 M Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate (SDS), 15% butan-1-ol, 0.2% TEA in water adjusted to pH=3. The UV detection was achieved at 230 nm and determined in the range of 0.5-5 μg/mL with mean percentage recovery of 100.13 ± 0.970. The proposed methods were successfully applied as stability indicating methods under different stressed conditions according to the International Conference of Harmonization (ICH) guidelines. The methods showed good selectivity, repeatability, linearity and sensitivity according to the evaluation of the validation parameters.


Environmental education is a type of education activity which takes the relationship between human beings and the environment as the core. This article takes Shandong province as an example to carry out environmental education and compulsory education equalization issue research, combine environmental education with compulsory education, analyze equal education development countermeasures and provide some suggestions. Questionnaire showed that the environmental education have some problems, such as environmental consciousness lag, the lack of the knowledge of environmental protection, the shortage of teachers on environmental education and fewer environment education methods. we should draw lessons from the abroad and strengthen the implementation of laws and regulations, perfect the effective security system and the construction of evaluation system, perfect the education of the public finance system, perfect the education funds supervision and audit system, accelerate the construction of environmental education and integrate of urban and rural education information, so as to promote the all-round development of primary and middle school environment education and compulsory education, promote environmental awareness, to lay a good foundation for the control of environmental pollution and human health


The structure and function of the testis and epididymis are described, emphasizing the general similarities and specific differences between various species and humans. Current concepts of spermatogenesis are reviewed and the developmental stages of the germinal epithelium are discussed, as well as the complex hormonal interactions that take place. It is crucial to recognize that the efficiency of sperm production and the epididymal reserves in the human are considerably lower than those of conventional animal models. Therefore, the human male is more susceptible to a decline in fertility caused by a specific decrement in spermatogenesis than is an animal model.


The purpose of this study is to explain and analyse the body positivity movement in the social media platform Instagram, as well as its empowering effects on women active in this movement. The phen ...


Magnetoelastic changes in magnetization, ΔM σ , were measured in weak magnetic fields H ≤ H c (where H c is the coercive force). Measurements were made in carbon steel specimens under heavy cyclic tensile or compressive loads F for F ∥ H (the collinear case) and for F ⊥ H. The amplitude of stress induced by the load F was greater than the average internal stress, σ 1 > σ i . It is shown that, given the same constant internal magnetic field, the value of ΔM σ in the F ⊥ H case [that is, ΔM σ ⊥(H,σ∥)] is exactly equal to its value, ΔM σ , in the collinear case, provided that the collinear elastic stress σ∥ takes the sign opposite that of the acting stress σ∥, and its magnitude is equal to vσ∥ (where v is Poisson's ratio). That is, ΔM σ ⊥(H, σ∥) = ΔM σ ∥(H, -vσ∥). For low and medium carbon steels, v = 0.3 (accurate to within ±5%). This conclusion is found to hold for both tensile stress (σ∥ > 0) and compressive stress (σ∥ < 0). Amplitude and field dependences were also derived for the regular (quasi-reversible) and the irreversible terms of the total magnetoelastic change in magnetization.


In the absence of detailed broad-scale studies, both spatially and temporally, the overall status (disturbed, recovering, or in decline) of many of the reefs that make up the Great Barrier Reef remains uncertain. Moreover, of the numerous and varied threats, their relative role in impacting individual reefs is generally unclear. Here, we adopt a novel approach to reliably reconstruct historical disturbance events at Rib and Davies Reefs, two mid-shelf reefs, using uranium-thorium (U-Th) dating of dead corals. Corrected 230Th ages obtained from dead Acropora spp. bracket time periods of lowest coral cover observed during independent ecological surveys in the late 1980s and 2000s at 1988.2 ± 1.3 and 2003.9 ± 6.2 CE, shortly after the arrival of crown-of-thorns starfish (CoTS) at Rib Reef in 1983−1985 and 2000−2002, respectively. At Davies Reef, 230Th ages dated to 1999.2 ± 1.2 CE when coral cover was halved as a result of Cyclone Tessi and an "unknown" disturbance in 2000−2001. Prior to modern surveys, there is remarkable overlap in 230Th ages between reefs, with repeated peaks in the age distribution having a return period of ∼10−15 years, akin to the periodicity of modern CoTS outbreaks. Our findings suggest that U-Th dating of dead corals can provide a robust foundation for understanding disturbance history and show promise in contributing to the effective monitoring of coral communities by providing a reliable benchmark with which to assess recovery.


Current U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) and Air Force strategic guidance anticipates fully autonomous robotic teammates operating alongside airman on the battlefield of the future (e.g., Endsley, 2015). It is anticipated that these robots will possess highly developed computational capabilities, allowing them to act in sophisticated roles in mixed human-machine teams. Furthermore, it is expected that these machines will have some degree of autonomous decision-making capabilities, and that humans will consult with and rely on the advice and guidance of their robotic teammates. To understand how operators will work alongside these sophisticated robot teammates, it is necessary to understand the factors that influence human-robot interactions (HRI). Two dimensions that have been found to influence HRI are embodiment and anthropomorphism. Humans report higher engagement, helpfulness, and persuasiveness (Bainbridge et al., 2011; Lee, Takehasi, Nagai, Obinata, & Stefanov, 2012; Wainer et al., 2007) when interacting with a robot with a physical body. Additionally, a robot that utilizes anthropomorphic behaviors leads to increased trust, liking, and persuasiveness (Chidambraram, Chiang, & Mutlu, 2012; Powers & Kiesler, 2006). A persuasive robot that is well-liked may promote positive outcomes; however, one potential negative outcome is undue compliance, defined as acquiescence to another's request for action of some sort (Cialdini & Trost, 1998). Research by Milgram (1963; 1974) and Asch (1951) have demonstrated that under some circumstances people may conform their behavior to perceived norms and authority figures. These effects may also hold true in human-robot interactions where the robot is perceived as possessing some degree of authority. In the future, robots are anticipated to be given responsibilities, such as administrating medication or judging training performance, whereby the robot possesses a degree of authority to decide outcomes. The goal of this experiment was to investigate how factors that influence HRI, specifically embodiment and anthropomorphism, may lead to compliance in a training scenario involving a coach with a degree of delegated authority. The experiment involved a human "learner" who was being "coached" while initially learning a difficult visual search task. Participants interacted with one of three coaches that differed in anthropomorphism: iRobot Roomba, Aldebaran Robotics Nao, and a human coach who served as a control. Embodiment was manipulated in this experiment by whether the coach was co-located with the participant or located in an adjacent room and displayed through a webcam in a live-video. During the experimental task participants viewed synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images to detect hostile vehicles and were told that the experiment would include two phases: a practice phase and a testing phase. They were told to become proficient at the task during the practice phase, during which the coach would provide feedback regarding their performance. Participants were told to keep practicing until they felt they were ready to advance to the testing phase. However, this was a deception – there was no testing phase in the experiment. The true purpose of the experiment was to determine how long participants would perseverate at the practice task after they indicated they were ready to advance to the testing phase, influenced by the embodiment and anthropomorphism of the coach. During the practice, the coach provided accurate performance feedback regarding the number of hostile vehicles detected in each image. However, once a participant indicated they wanted to advance to the testing phase, the coach provided verbal feedback suggesting the participant continue practicing. Regardless of how the participant performed, the coach always suggested they continue with practice the first four times they tried to advance. Adapted from Milgram (1963), the feedback increased in severity for each of the four attempts to advance. On the participant's fifth attempt to advance to the testing phase, the practice phase would end. Compliance was measured as the cumulative time and number of images participants inspected from their first attempt to advance to the test phase until their fifth attempt. Our results indicated that participants complied for a longer duration to a human coach compared to both the Nao and Roomba coaches. Participants also examined more images with a human coach compared to both the Nao and Roomba coaches. However, on average, participants spent the same duration inspecting individual SAR images and were equally accurate at detecting hostile vehicles, suggesting participants were working diligently in all conditions. Overall, embodiment had a very weak effect on compliance in this study (though in the same direction as those of Milgram, 1974). In addition, the effects of anthropomorphism were not as initially hypothesized – participants complied most to the requests of the human coach, and to a much lesser extent with those of either robot coach. However, our results regarding inspection Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 2019 Annual Meeting


Direct numerical simulations (DNS) are used to examine the pressure fluctuations generated by a Mach 6 turbulent boundary layer with nominal freestream Mach number of 6 and Reynolds number of Re? ≈ 464. The emphasis is on comparing the primarily vortical pressure signal at the wall with the acoustic freestream signal under higher Mach number conditions. Moreover, the Mach-number dependence of pressure signals is demonstrated by comparing the current results with those of a supersonic boundary layer at Mach 2.5 and Re? ≈ 510. It is found that the freestream pressure intensity exhibits a strong Mach number dependence, irrespective of whether it is normalized by the mean wall shear stress or by the mean pressure, with the normalized fluctuation amplitude being significantly larger for the Mach 6 case. Spectral analysis shows that both the wall and freestream pressure fluctuations of the Mach 6 boundary layer have enhanced energy content at high frequencies, with the peak of the premultiplied frequency spectrum of freestream pressure fluctuations being at a frequency of !±/U1 ≈ 3.1, which is more than twice the corresponding frequency in the Mach 2.5 case. The space-time correlations indicate that the pressure-carrying eddies for the higher Mach number case are of smaller size, less elongated in the spanwise direction, and convect with higher convection speeds relative to the Mach 2.5 case. The demonstrated Mach-number dependence of the pressure field, including radiation intensity, directionality, and convection speed, is consistent with the trend exhibited in experimental data and can be qualitatively explained by the notion of 'eddy Mach wave' radiation.


There is a data message generation method for controlling at least one load module or a lamp (5, 11) by means of the phase conductor (L) of a supply voltage source is connected (8) control unit (1) via a load line (L ') is proposed, wherein the transmission of occurs brightness information by means of phase control or phase portion, and wherein the data message is modulated on this voltage signal, • wherein one bit of data per voltage full-wave is transmitted, • wherein the information data bits respectively by a symmetrical shift keying of the phase control angle or phase angle φ are imparted by a displacement angle Δ, • so that successive voltage half-waves at either φ - Δ are to be trimmed, depending on whether a data bit "1" or a data "0" is to be transmitted - Δ / Δ φ + φ + Δ or / φ. While the above cited data telegram generation method is particularly suitable for capacitive load types are for resistive load types • a data bit per voltage full wave transmitted • the information by a short burst (B) of pulses with the width of a shift angle Δ φ of the transmitted around the phase angle or phase angle of a voltage half-wave and an unmodulated on or cut other voltage half-cycle, • wherein the burst (B) at φ - Δ / 2 begins and ends at φ + Δ / 2.


The present Chinese education deviates its essential aim in the exam-oriented education.Without literature education, Chinese education will be carried on with difficulty. Composition teaching can embody the aims of Chinese education. Reading and reciting should be the essential and effective method for Chinese education. So all of them should be seeked back and emphasized again in the Chinese education.


In this paper we describe a new method for estimating origin–destination (OD) matrices for congested urban traffic networks. It is assumed that the input data includes incomplete, imprecise estimates of: link counts, trip table entries, numbers of departures from origins and numbers of arrivals at destinations. The method is based on a sequence of fuzzy linear programs and is designed especially for the particular characteristics of medium-to-large Brazilian cities. When there doesn't exist a user–equilibrium traffic assignment that corresponds to the input data, the method provides a range of traffic assignments and their related OD matrices, within the spectrum of (i) satisfaction of the inputted estimates and (ii) a user–equilibrium assignment. The method has been tested on two numerical examples, one proposed by the authors and the other a classic one from the literature.


The structures of Mandelbrot and Julia sets generated from a general complex cubic iteration are studied, and the relation of the critical points and Julia sets is analyzed. In this paper, we put forward the theorems on the range of the Mandelbrot and Julia sets generated from a general complex cubic iteration. These theorems are important for plotting of the sets.


In order to overcome the deficiency of traditional workflow management system,this paper designs prototype framework of workflow management system and builds core framework of lightweight workflow engine,also elaborates various components and functions of workflow engine.According to specific needs,the core framework allows flexible addition and reduction of various components to expand the workflow engine function,also flexibly customs to different areas of workflow management system.


Despite their widespread use for purification, our current methods for the development of solution crystallization processes lack a sufficient understanding on how impurities incorporate in growing crystals. This is, in...


The terminal antenna with dual-circular polarization reported here operates around 20 and 30 GHz, that is, in the down- and uplink frequency bands of current satellite communication systems. The passive array, this work focuses on, integrates the receive and the transmit (Rx/Tx) paths in a single aperture. This approach is shown to be advantageous compared to classical solutions with two separate antennas. The modules, the array consists of, are formed by a stack of eight linear subarrays that themselves are composed of an alternating series of four Tx-only and four combined Rx/Tx endfire antenna elements. The resulting brick architecture provides enough real estate for the future implementation of phased-array electronics. The array is implemented in substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW) technology. For improved matching, it is covered with a periodically shaped dielectric lens. A technique is proposed to mitigate cross-polarization in the pointing direction. A module is realized using standard technologies. The relevant array parameters are measured. The module patterns are synthesized from the individual element responses. They confirm the simulated results and, in particular, a bandwidth of more than 2.5 GHz for both Rx and Tx.


Abstract : The overall structure and individual FORTRAN subprograms of the SAINT simulation program are described. SAINT (Systems Analysis of Integrated Networks of Tasks) is a network modeling and simulation technique developed to assist in the design and analysis of complex man-machine systems. SAINT consists of a symbol set for modeling systems and a computer program for analyzing such models. SAINT provides the conceptual framework for representing systems that consist of discrete task elements, continuous state variables, and interactions between them. While SAINT was designed for modeling manned systems in which human performance is a major concern, it is potentially applicable to a broad class of systems--those in which discrete and continuous elements are to be portrayed and quantified and whose behavior exhibits time-varying properties. SAINT provides a mechanism for describing these dynamics so a systematic assessment can be made of the relative contribution system components make to overall system performance.


The Fort Hood Army base in central Texas has more than 5,200 buildings and can be considered as typical of large Department of Defense Army bases in the continental United States. The annual utility bill of the base exceeds $25 million. Baseline monthly models for electricity use, electricity demand, gas use, and water use for the three cantonment areas of Fort Hood have been developed. Such models can be used as screening tools for detecting changes in future utility bills and also to tracwevaluate the extent to which Presidential Executive Order 12902, mandating 30% decrease in energy utility bills from 1985 to 2005, is being met. In this analysis, 1990 has been selected as the baseline year to illustrate the predictive capability of the models. Since ascertaining the uncertainty of our predictions is very important for meaningful evaluations, we have also presented the relevant equations for computing the 95% prediction intervals of the regression models and illustrated their use with measured data over the period 1989 1993. This study also evaluated two different types of energy modeling softwarethe Princeton Scorekeeping method (PRISM) and EModelin order to ascertain which is more appropriate for baseline modeling of large Army installations such as Fort Hood. It was found that the EModel software, which has more flexibility to handle different types of linear single variate change point models, gave more accurate modeling results.


The aim of this paper is to investigate the conditions for the coexistence of phases in a Lennard Jones fluid. The calculation has been performed within the virial developement mathod and, as a result, a simple approximate relation has been obtained between the number densities of two coexisting densities and the interparticle potentials in them. The calculation is preliminary,in the sense that it does not take into account the equality of the chemical potentials. The results of this work may have implications for modelling of the giant planets. More than 300 exoplanets have been discovered, so this has become more important than ever.


Polyester/cotton blend fabric was dyed with Chemistron dye—a mixture of reactive/disperse dyes. Dyed fabrics were subjected to radiofrequency (RF) plasma treatment of different duration and were subsequently treated with metal salts. The effect of surface modification by plasma and dye–metal complex on colorfastness to light is discussed. Evaluation of the improvement in lightfastness was made using the CIE system of color measurement with a standard illuminant D65 and 10° standard observer. The color parameters and color deviations were obtained by Data flash–100 color measurement spectrophotometer with chroma QC 3.0 color quality control software. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 82: 292–299, 2001


The initiation and growth of α–Al_2O_3/metal composites by the directed oxidation of molten Al–Mg, Al–Si, and Al–Mg–Si alloys at 1373 and 1523 K were investigated. Spontaneous initiation and growth occurred only on the ternary Al–Mg–Si alloy. Growth also occurred on the Al-Mg binary alloy, but in this case initiation required the mechanical disruption of the protective oxide formed during initial heating to the growth temperature. In addition, mechanical disruption of the protective oxide scale on the Al–Mg–Si alloy enhanced growth initiation. Growth on the Al–Si alloy could not be induced under any conditions. From these observations it is concluded that, in the directed oxidation of Al–Mg–Si alloys, Mg is essential to the accelerated oxidation reaction, while Si appears to play a role in promoting the breakdown of the protective oxide layers. The most uniform initiation and growth results were obtained by providing a thin layer of SiO_2 particles at the initial growth surface of the alloy.


Discusses the findings of a recent study into the development of women managers, in the field of information technology (IT). Addresses the key question as to why few women are entering IT. Provides an insight into the perception of women working in IT, and their role in this "fast‐growing" technological area. Identifies four obstacles – gender stereotypes and attitudes, family responsibility, working time constraints, and lack of confidence – that have had a restrictive impact on the careers of female managers employed in this field. Albeit each of these obstacles has an overlap of common characteristics, it was decided that it would be better to explore each in individual context for the purpose of clarity. Also evaluates evidence taken from "personal interviews" carried out with 46 female delegates enrolled on a specialised IT training course, and 17 female managers from various companies. Uses structured questionnaire to elicit and record this data.


A new improving algorithm of particle swarm optimization technique for the difficult problem of generation expansion planning is proposed.The calculation amount of generation expansion planning problem can be considerably reduced and the computational efficiency can also be improved based above method.The last case shows that the algorithm can solve the generation expansion planning problem smoothly and it has amplitude foreground of applying.


Dengue is a mosquito-borne viral infection endemic in Singapore. Its clinical course in the immunocompetent host is well characterised but its impact in renal transplantation is not well described. We aim to characterise the clinical presentation and outcomes of dengue virus infection in renal transplant recipients treated at a tertiary center in Singapore.

 We conducted a 15 year retrospective review of dengue in renal transplant patients treated at Singapore General Hospital between January 2005 to October 2019. The diagnosis of dengue was made if there were a compatible clinical syndrome and a positive dengue diagnostic assay, either Dengue NS1 antigen, IgM or PCR.

 Thirty-two renal transplant patients were diagnosed with dengue, 18 (56.3%) were deceased donor recipients. The median age at time of diagnosis was 53 [IQR 42,61] years; 16 (50%) were males. The median time to diagnosis of dengue was 95.5 [IQR 15.0,95.5] months from transplant; and the median duration of clinical illness was 7 [IQR 5,7] days. The most common clinical symptoms were fever (84.4%), myalgia (40.6%), gastrointestinal symptoms (37.5%) and headache (25.0%). Based on the WHO 2009 dengue classification, 20 (62.5%) had dengue without warning signs, 9 (28.1%) had dengue with warning signs, and 3 (9.4%) had severe dengue; 19 (59.3%) had graft dysfunction and 1 (3.1%) required dialysis. Of the patients who had graft dysfunction, 18 (94.7%) had recovery of graft function at time of dengue resolution. Dengue mortality rate was 3.1%. There were 2 possible cases of donor derived dengue infections, occurring within 2 weeks of deceased donor transplantation.

 Dengue in renal transplant is usually community acquired; donor derived infections are uncommon. The clinical presentation of dengue is similar to the immunocompetent host, however graft dysfunction is common and fluid management in this population is important. Severe dengue is less common.

 All Authors: No reported disclosures


Miller, Lauren Elizabeth. Ph.D., Purdue University, August 2016. The Acquisition of Bare Nominals by Three Populations of Spanish-English Bilingual Adults. Major Professor: Alejandro Cuza-Blanco. The present study contributes to our understanding of cross-linguistic influence by studying three different groups of Spanish-English speakers' knowledge of the distribution of definite articles in both of their languages using a battery of tests that require them to draw on different linguistic abilities. These three groups include native English speakers who learned Spanish after adolescence, native Spanish speakers who learned English after adolescence and simultaneous bilinguals who grew up in the United States speaking both English and Spanish from birth. Specifically, this study explores interpretation, production and intuition regarding the acceptability of definite articles in different contexts. Since the three bilingual groups differ in terms of dominant language and the age at which they learned each language, this study aimed to explore how these differences affect both the type and extent of cross-linguistic influence present and how this relates to the type of task. Results show that, while acquisition of a new assembly of syntax to semantic features in a second language and maintenance of minority language feature assembly is possible, the extent to which bilingual speakers inhibit the features of their first language varies


The density of moulding mixtures used in the foundry industry plays a significant role since it influences the strength, porosity, and permeability of moulds and cores. The latter is routinely tested in foundries using different solutions to control the properties of the moulding materials that are used to make moulds and cores. In this paper, the gas permeability of sand samples was measured using a custom-made setup to obtain the gas permeability in standard units instead of the usual permeability numbers (PN) with calibrated units. The aim of the work was to explore the effect of density variations in moulding materials on their gas permeabilities. Permeability in this work is quantified in SI units, square metres [m2]. The setup works based on Darcy's law and the numbers obtained from the measurements can be used to deduce the gas permeability, k, of a sample. Two furan resin bonded mixtures with the same grain size distribution were hand-rammed with varying compaction forces to obtain a variation in density. Cylindrical samples (50 × 50 mm) were prepared using a silica sand aggregate sourced from a Swedish lake. The results of the measurement provided the difference in gas permeability between the samples that have varying densities. The results of permeability were then extrapolated by modifying the viscosity value of the air passed through the sample. In order to find the effect of apparent density variation on the pore characteristics of the samples, mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) was also performed. The results were in line with the gas permeability measurements.


Atlantic salmon, Pacific salmon and rainbow trout, collectively known as salmonids, are the most farmed carnivorous fish species in the world, mainly because they are prized food fish and relatively easy to culture. Salmon and trout can survive in a variety of environmental conditions, such as water temperatures from 0C to as high as 28C for some trout strains. They spawn successfully in water temperatures from 2C to 15C, and grow at temperatures from 6C to 25C. Depending upon their diet, salmon and trout can have pigmented (red) or non-pigmented (white) flesh. Salmon and trout are sometimes thought of as freshwater fish and other times as marine fish, but they are very adaptable to a variety of saline conditions.


Work hardening in crystalline materials is related to the ac cumulation of statistically stored dislocations in low-energy structur es. We present here a model which includes dislocation dynamics in the rate-independe nt s tting for plasticity. Three basic physical features are taken into account: (i) th e role of dislocation densities in hardening; (ii) the relations between the slip velocities and the mobility of gliding dislocations; (iii)the energetics of self and mu tual interactions between dislocations. The model unifies a number of different approa ches to the problem presented in literature. Reaction-diffusion equation wit h mobility depending on the slip velocities are obtained for the evolution of the dis locations responsible of hardening.


Lack of experience and expertise in health services at a local level is hindering the purchase of cancer drugs, equipment, and services in the NHS in England, says a parliamentary report published this week.

The report, The Future of Cancer Services in England, found that recent government changes in the way that cancer services are funded and organised—with a shift to purchasing by primary care trusts—were hindering progress in reducing delays in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer and in eliminating variations in cancer treatment in different areas, so called postcode prescribing.

The report, published by …


CyberGIS-Jupyter is a cyberGIS framework for achieving data-intensive, reproducible, and scalable geospatial analytics using Jupyter Notebook based on advanced cyberinfrastructure. As a cutting-edge hydrological modeling framework, the Structure for Unifying Multiple Modeling Alternative (SUMMA) functions as a unified approach to process-based modeling. The purpose of this research is to investigate the feasibility of coupling CyberGIS-Jupyter with SUMMA to realize reproducible hydrological modeling. CyberGIS-Jupyter is employed to systematically integrate advanced cyberinfrastructure, including two high-performance computers -- Virtual ROGER and XSEDE Comet, data management, and execution and visualization of SUMMA-based modeling. By taking advantage of CyberGIS-Jupyter, users can easily tune different parameters for a SUMMA model and submit computational jobs for executing the model on HPC resources without having to possess in-depth technical knowledge about cyberGIS or cyberinfrastructure. Computational experiments demonstrate that the integration of CyberGIS-Jupyter and SUMMA achieves a high-performance and easy-to-use implementation for reproducible SUMMA-based hydrological modeling.


Based on the decomposed theory of planned behavior, this study used path analysis to examine the relative strength of the factors that influence teachers' use of instructional technology. The study focused on teachers' use of word processors, spreadsheets, presentation software, e-mail, and Web browsers. A path analysis was performed on self-reported data from 242 secondary science teachers in Taiwan. Results showed that the decomposed theory of planned behavior seriously over simplified the web of forces that influence teachers' use of this technology. Teachers' technology use and their inclination toward its use (attitude and intention) are primarily determined by the teacher-technology interface (ease-of-use, computer self-efficacy, and perceived usefulness). The teacher-technology interface is influenced by the objective environment for instructional technology (technical support, computer access, and to a limited extent professional development opportunities). The objective environment is itself weakly influenced by the subjective environment (administrative support, peer use, and subjective norms). The study provided useful information for policymakers and school administrators by helping them realize the complexity of the task of influencing teachers to increase their use of instructional technology.


This paper is concerned with evolution equations of fractional order D 𝛼 𝑢 ( 𝑡 ) = 𝐴 𝑢 ( 𝑡 ) ; 𝑢 ( 0 ) = 𝑢 0 , 𝑢 ′ ( 0 ) = 0 , where 𝐴 is a differential operator corresponding to a coercive polynomial taking values in a sector of angle less than 𝜋 and 1 𝛼 2 . We show that such equations are well posed in the sense that there always exists an 𝛼 -times resolvent family for the operator 𝐴 .


We introduce Clifford geometric algebra based multivector modeling of quartic and general quadric surfaces, Darboux cyclides, Dupin cyclies, tori and pairs of standard CGA objects. A computer visualization is briefly described.


A common room acoustic measure in classrooms and other common public spaces is a suspended sound absorbing ceiling. However, the acoustical condition in the classroom not only depends on the suspended ceiling. The size and shape of the room as well as the properties of building material and the interior fittings and furniture will also affect the room acoustical conditions. Another circumstance is the non-fulfillment of the conditions for the classic diffuse field theory in rooms with absorbent ceiling treatment due to the non-uniform distribution of the absorbing material. This makes the calculation of room acoustic parameters more complex. This paper addresses the effect of different factors that are of importance for the acoustical conditions in a classroom. Outgoing from the unfurnished classroom without suspended ceiling the effect of introducing a suspended ceiling, adding furniture, adding wall panels, as well as extra low frequency absorption will be exemplified based on measurements in a full sca...


Steady, two-dimensional, free convection flows near an isothermal wall are considered downstream from a heat source at large Grashof numbers for cases when the temperature of the wall is maintained the same as that of the fluid far from the wall. The analyses are given for two cases: (A) for a vertical wall and (B) for a horizontal wall, when the thermal plume spreads along the wall horizontally. The study is based on the Boussinesq boundary layer equations. The solutions have been found in the self-similar form of the second kind. The asymptotic solutions for very large and small Prandtl numbers in the case of the vertical wall, and for very large Prandtl numbers in the case of the horizontal wall are presented. It was found that in the case of the horizontal wall the self-similar solution does not exist in the specific low Prandtl-number regime, σ<0.04218.


Procedure for obtaining alkynediols by reacting ketones with acetylenic hydrocarbons selected from acetylene and alquinmonoalcoholes, in an organic solvent in the presence of base, containing alcoholates potassium primary alcohols and / or secondary, with formation of adducts formed by alquinmonoalcoholes and / or alkynediols and base, is characterized in that, in the case of using acetylene as acetylenic hydrocarbon, the ratio of ketone employed is met regarding acetylene 1: 9 to 2, 1 to 1, and a ratio of alkoxide potassium to the ketone used was 0, 9 to 2, 1 to 1, and in the case of use of alquinmonoalcoholes as acetylenic hydrocarbon, the ratio of alquinmonoalcohol employee is fulfilled to the ketone used 1 about 0, 8 1, 2, and a ratio of potassium alkoxide employed to the ketone of 1, 5 to 2, 2 to 1, so that occur ducts gel type, having a spherical surface, whereby the reaction mixture remains stirrable during the entire reaction.


Using an electron microprobe, we measured and characterized the Nd3+ ion diffusion across a boundary between Nd doped and undoped ceramic yttrium aluminium garnet (YAG) for different temperature ramps and hold times and temperatures. The results show significant Nd ion diffusion on the order of micrometres to tens of micrometres depending on the time and temperature of sintering. The data fit well a model including bulk diffusion, grain boundary diffusion and grain growth. Grain boundary diffusion dominates and grain growth limits grain boundary diffusion by reducing the total cross-sectional area of grain boundaries.


This essay examines the rise of "ethics" in critical legal studies since the mid-1990s. A description of the contested meanings of ethics in relation to justice, including especially the ethical theories of Emmanuel Levinas, is included, as is an analysis of the significance of a radical conception of ethical responsibility for law, politics, and critical theory.


Nonmedical Prescription Drug Use in Rural Communities and Social Worker Roles by Izetta Briggs-Bolling MSW, Mary Wood University, 2009 MS, Organizational Leadership, Mercy College, 1998 BS, Behavioral Science, Mercy College, 1997 Project Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Social Work Walden University November 2017 Abstract This study explored the roles and responsibilities of social workers providing services to nonmedical prescription drug users (NMPDU). Researchers have indicated NMPDU disproportionately affects people living in rural communities. The overarching research question sought to explore the concerns of social workers when providing services to patients coping with NMPDU in the rural community of Ulster County, New York. The intention was to examine systemic challenges facing rural social workers when attempting to decrease morbidity risks and increase the health of Ulster County residents. A total of 7 social workers participated in 3 focus groups to explore their ideas for defining, clarifying, and identifying solutions to the problem. The social exchange theory was used to frame the roles and responsibilities of social workers within rural communities at the macro, mezzo, and micro levels. Qualitative content analysis identified 5 themes: roles and responsibilities, barriers, education, treatment interventions, NMPDU and illicit substances of use. The results of the study included advocating for the fair and equitable distribution of resources for all residents coping with NMPDU in Ulster County, their responsibility to collaborate on pressing matters and educate physicians, community service providers, local legislators, individuals, and families of the warning signs and harmful effects of NMPDU. Findings may effect social change by enhancing the role of social workers by reducing overdose and death rates of NMPDUs.This study explored the roles and responsibilities of social workers providing services to nonmedical prescription drug users (NMPDU). Researchers have indicated NMPDU disproportionately affects people living in rural communities. The overarching research question sought to explore the concerns of social workers when providing services to patients coping with NMPDU in the rural community of Ulster County, New York. The intention was to examine systemic challenges facing rural social workers when attempting to decrease morbidity risks and increase the health of Ulster County residents. A total of 7 social workers participated in 3 focus groups to explore their ideas for defining, clarifying, and identifying solutions to the problem. The social exchange theory was used to frame the roles and responsibilities of social workers within rural communities at the macro, mezzo, and micro levels. Qualitative content analysis identified 5 themes: roles and responsibilities, barriers, education, treatment interventions, NMPDU and illicit substances of use. The results of the study included advocating for the fair and equitable distribution of resources for all residents coping with NMPDU in Ulster County, their responsibility to collaborate on pressing matters and educate physicians, community service providers, local legislators, individuals, and families of the warning signs and harmful effects of NMPDU. Findings may effect social change by enhancing the role of social workers by reducing overdose and death rates of NMPDUs. Nonmedical Prescription Drug Use in Rural Communities and Social Worker Roles by Izetta Briggs-Bolling MSW, Mary Wood University, 2009 MS, Organizational Leadership, Mercy College, 1998 BS, Behavioral Science, Mercy College, 1997 Project Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Social Work Walden University November 2017


The technology has advanced but the vehicle industry has not evolved at the same pace. Mechanical constructions with a steering wheel are still being used to control the steering of cars. The mechanical construction makes it harder to implement autonomous features, it adds weight and takes up space. It is commonly known that the steering wheel has been along since the early days of the car but is it still, with all this technological development, the best way of steering a vehicle? In this thesis, a control system for an electrical steering of a vehicle was developed. The vehicle was using two joysticks to steer and since these two have a lower range of motion than a normal steering wheel a system that makes it possible to steer the vehicle in a safe way at various speeds was developed. The control system was created by analysing the physical system and approximating mathematical models. Since the dynamics changes when the friction between the wheels and the ground changes several models that operates in different speed intervals were made. Thereafter, a PID parameters were adapted to get optimal step responses. The implementation succeeded but it was proven that the servo that created the turning of the wheels was too weak to achieve a natural steering.
By analysing which angles of the wheels that are needed at different speeds and how cars today are constructed a mathematical function where the maximum angle of the wheels decreases with increased speed was developed. In addition, the closer the steering controllers are to the middle point of their range of motion the more is the sensitivity decreased when the speed is increased. This makes it possible to drive straight ahead without small unintended movements in the hands affecting the movement of the vehicle while it is also possible to make sudden evasive manoeuvres. A VR-environment made to scale was created to test this system. This test was successful but the system will however need to be tested in a real situation to be able to assure its suitability. To create a natural steering for the vehicle force feedback from the wheels to the steering controllers is necessary. This limits the positions of the steering controllers if the desired wheel angle cannot be achieved as well as making it possible for the driver to feel the road surface. A theoretical design was made but due to delays in the mechanical construction implemented by a mechanical engineer this could not be implemented within the frame of the thesis.
This thesis has mainly been focusing on functionality but some safety functions have been implemented and tested with successful results. In addition, a theoretical study regarding redundancy was performed to facilitate future implementation.


A growing evidence base has shown that plastics are widely distributed in soils and could have negative effects on soil functions. However, within international standards for soil description, plastics are handled so far as one part of human-made artefacts. With the ongoing plastic crisis, such a simple classification may no longer be sufficient to provide a satisfactory description of plastics in soils. Based on the latest research on plastics in soils, these foreign components can no longer be understood as relevant only for soils in urban, industrial, traffic, mining and military areas. This perspective therefore aims to suggest a possible approach towards a future and more comprehensive description of plastics in soil characterization. Based on the existing definitions within the international soil description standards, a description concept and a corresponding field guide are proposed. The proposed approach comprises a recent definition of plastics and guidelines for the description of visible plastic residues in soils during field work. Classification approaches are developed for plastics abundance and distribution as well as plastic characteristics. Furthermore, pitfalls during the description, as well as during the extraction of plastics from soils in the field, and further limitations are discussed. Basic soil description during soil surveys or soil mapping, are a strong tool of soil science to derive environmental data sets. The perspective and the field guide presented in this paper are intended to change this circumstance and enable soil scientists to describe plastic residues in soils simple, comparable and adapted to existing standards in future.


The backscattering coefficients for Black Spruce and Aspen at an incidence angle of 50 degrees obtained using a helicopter mounted C-band scatterometer are related to leaf area index and biomass for several dates while leaves are present. These data are compared with estimates obtained from the Fung disk model for aspen. Implications for spacecraft SAR (eg SIR-C) systems and their ability to determine biophysical characteristics of forest canopies are discussed in light of these results.


Abstract One presents methodology and algorithms to prepare a causal system in order to achieve desired performances if only input–output data are known and when no other informations are available. This can be done with mean of evolutionnary programming and set inversion methods, such as -algorithm or SIvIA.


Measurements of the thermal conductivity and viscosity of n-heptane and n-octane in the gas phase were made at temperatures of 100° and 160°F. and at pressures below 1 atm. In addition, measurements of the viscosity and thermal conductivity of binary gas mixtures of nitrogen and n-heptane were made at 160°F. at pressures below 1 atm.


The restricted duration of wave records, usually 20 or 30 minutes, introduces sampling variability, the statistical uncertainty due to limited number of observations, in estimates of sea surface characteristics. This uncertainty may have significant impact on derived wave parameters commonly used in design and marine operations, and quantifying it is also of importance for wave forecasting purposes as well as for investigations of extreme wave events such as rogue waves. The study shows, using numerical simulations, effects of sampling variability on the measures of wave field nonlinearity, the skewness and kurtosis coefficients of sea surface elevation, and on the wave crest. Wave data are simulated by the nonlinear wave model HOSM (Higher Order Spectral Method). The Pierson-Moskowitz and the JONSWAP spectrum with different gamma parameters and different directional energy spreading functions are used in the analysis and their effect on sampling variability estimates is demonstrated. Sea states where rogue waves were recorded in nature are considered. The results are compared with the ones obtained from linear wave model simulations. Consequences of sampling variability on description of sea surface nonlinearity are discussed.


Collaborative machine learning (CML) techniques, such as federated learning, were proposed to collaboratively train deep learning models using multiple end-user devices and a server. CML techniques preserve the privacy of end-users as it does not require user data to be transferred to the server. Instead, local models are trained and shared with the server. However, the low resource utilisation of CML techniques makes the training process inefficient, thereby limiting the use of CML in the real world. Idling resources both on the server and devices due to sequential computation and communication is the principal cause of low resource utilisation. A novel framework PipeLearn that leverages pipeline parallelism for CML techniques is developed to improve resource utilisation substantially. A new training pipeline is designed to parallelise the computations on different hardware resources and communication on different bandwidth resources, thereby accelerating the training process in CML. The pipeline is further optimised to ensure maximum utilisation of available resources. The experimental results confirm the validity of the underlying approach of PipeLearn and highlight that when compared to federated learning: (i) the idle time of the server can be reduced by 2.2x - 28.5x, (ii) the network throughput can be increased by 56.6x - 321.3x, and (iii) the overall training time can be accelerated by 1.5x - 21.6x under varying network conditions for two popular convolutional models without sacrificing accuracy. PipeLearn is available for public download from https://github.com/blessonvar/PipeLearn.


The eastern part of the Xiaomaoling composite intrusives in the Qinling Mountains is considered to consist mainly of the early Songjiawuchang altered proterobase or bojite,the late Mihunzhen altered diorite,Mogouxia altered quartz diorite and Yejiawan altered monzodiorite.The LA-ICP-MS U-Pb isotope dating for zircons from the rock masses above yields four ages: 864.4Ma±1.7Ma from Songjiawuchang,846.7Ma±2.7Ma from Mihunzhen,859.4Ma±1.7Ma from Mogouxia and 861.1Ma±1.8Ma from Yejiawan.All the data suggest that the eastern part of the Xiaomaoling composite intrusives belongs to the Neoprotozoic in age.The metamorphic age obtained from the early Precambrian metamorphic rocks of the Xiaomaoling-Douling uplift belt is close to the age of the North Qinling orogenic event(1000Ma~848Ma) based on the previous materials and combining with the intrusives' own character,the authors infer that the eastern part of the Xiaomaoling composite intrusives forms in the post-collisional stress relaxation environment.


Until the 1980s, historians of Soviet Russia could be divided into those who subscribed to the totalitarian theory of Soviet history and those who subscribed to a more nuanced view. In his landmark book, Origins of the Great Purges (Cambridge, 1985), J. Arch Getty single-handedly split Russian historians into two new camps: those who were horrified by Getty's work and those who were not. At the root of the controversy was Getty's provocative challenge that historians "rethink Stalinism," taking into account that one man could in no way be solely responsible for the Terror of the 1930s. Getty turned his attention to provincial party officials, documenting the way the purges assumed their own momentum away from Moscow. In so doing, he seemed to minimize Stalin's role and, according to his critics, Stalin's culpability.


Space Telescope will not fly on schedule as originally proposed, but it will meet specifications, according to Administrator James Beggs of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) ( Nature, June 23, 1983). Late 1986 is now the target date for a Space Shuttle launch.

Space Telescope, whose recently opened earth-based laboratory is located on the Johns Hopkins University campus in Baltimore, Md., will have to perform to unusually exact tolerances in order to gain an advantage over the world's large telescopes. Even though clear of atmospheric sources of light contamination, Space Telescope must have high resolution and be free of any jitter while traversing earth orbit. Meeting these requirements has been difficult, as might be expected for such advanced design specifications.


Facial skin detection is an important step in facial surgical planning like as many other applications. There are many problems in facial skin detection. One of them is that the image features can be severely corrupted due to illumination, noise, and occlusion, where, shadows can cause numerous strong edges. Hence, in this paper, we present an automatic Expectation-Maximization (EM) algorithm for facial skin color segmentation that uses knowledge of chromatic space and varying illumination conditions to correct and segment frontal and lateral facial color images, simultaneously. The proposed EM algorithm leads to a method that allows for more robust and accurate segmentation of facial images. The initialization of the model parameters is very important in convergence of algorithm. For this purpose, we use a method for robust parameter estimation of Gaussian mixture components. Also, we use an additional class, which includes all pixels not modeled explicitly by Gaussian with small variance, by a uniform probability density, and amending the EM algorithm appropriately, in order to obtain significantly better results. Experimental results on facial color images show that accurate estimates of the Gaussian mixture parameters are computed. Also, other results on images presenting a wide range of variations in lighting conditions, demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed color skin segmentation algorithm compared to conventional EM algorithm.


The present invention discloses a method for Bulletin Board System (BBS) management. The method is carried out based on a Subscriber Identifier and Locator Separation Network. A BBS subscriber terminal has a unique Subscriber Identifier (SID) in a whole network. The method includes: when a BBS subscriber terminal performs forum registration, a BBS server reports registration information which includes an SID of the BBS subscriber terminal, forum registration name and domain name of the BBS server to a BBS management server; the BBS server simultaneously publishes the associated forum registration name when issuing the information; and the BBS management server manages the BBS subscriber terminal according to the registration information reported by the BBS server, the forum registration name supplied by an administrator and the domain name of the BBS server. The present invention also discloses an associated system and server. The present invention disengages a BBS administrator from the passive defence condition, and implements safer BBS information issue management.


We derive an explicit partial-wave (Mie) series for the image of a dielectric microsphere collected by a typical infinity-corrected microscope. We model the propagation of the illumination and scattered vector fields through the optical components of the microscope by using the angular-spectrum theorem with the help of Wigner rotation matrix elements, allowing us to identify the contribution from spin-orbit helicity reversal. We consider a high numerical aperture objective well beyond the validity range of the paraxial approximation. The spherical aberration introduced by refraction at the planar interface between the sample and the glass slide is fully taken into account. By comparing our theoretical model with images of colloidal particles placed at different positions with respect to the objective focal plane, we characterize their radii and refractive index. We employ polystyrene microspheres with a known refractive index in order to fit the transverse attenuation length describing the transmission loss of the scattered field. As an application, we measure the radius and refractive index of individual silica beads. We compare the result for the radius with an independent measurement using high-resolution scanning electron microscopy. To validate the result for the refractive index, we develop a second method, independent of the theoretical model, based on the image contrast in glycerin-water solutions. In all cases we find very good agreement between our method and the validation procedures. In addition, the nonparaxial theory provides a reliable description of the images found for all focal-plane positions and for both polystyrene and silica microspheres. Our approach allows a common optical microscope to be used to measure the refractive index and radius of spherical particles covering the entire size range from the Rayleigh regime to the ray optics one.


Some of the works of previous Australian and comparative legal historians who have commented on the colonial Australian Aboriginal evidence bill debates are presented. This would provide a more in depth account of a significant episode in the shift toward applying colonial criminal law to Indigenous peoples in nineteenth century British settler societies.


Purpose In AFP Journal Club, three presenters review an interesting journal article in a conversational manner. These articles involve "hot topics" that affect family physicians or "bust" commonly held medical myths. The presenters give their opinions about the clinical value of the individual study discussed. The opinions reflect the views of the presenters, not those of AFP or the AAFP.


We study the formation of Type-II singularities in mean curvature flows of rotationally symmetric noncompact embedded hypersurfaces. Using analytic techniques based on formal matched asymptotics and the construction of upper and lower barrier solutions enveloping formal solutions with prescribed behavior, we show that for each initial hypersurface considered, a mean curvature flow solution exhibits the following behavior near the first finite singular time $T$: (1) The highest curvature concentrates at the tip of the hypersurface (an umbilic point), and for each choice of the parameter $\gamma>1/2$, there is a solution with the highest curvature blowing up at the rate $(T-t)^{-(\gamma +1/2)}$. (2) In a neighborhood of the tip, the solution converges to a translating soliton which is a higher-dimensional analogue of the "Grim Reaper" solution for the curve-shortening flow. (3) Away from the tip, the flow surface approaches a collapsing cylinder at a characteristic rate dependent on the parameter $\gamma$.


Based on experimental data and computer modelling, a novel
method of assessment the electrical restitution in cardiac
tissue is suggested. The crutial parameter is electric charge.


Robust control aims to account for model uncertainty in design. Traditional methods for robust control typically assume knowledge of hard bounds on the system frequency response. However, this does not match system identification procedures which typically yield statistical confidence bounds on the estimated model. Recent work in this area has proposed a procedure for obtaining a better match between robust control and system identification by using statistical confidence bounds for robust control design. The results presented here are a generalization of these results to the case of open loop unstable plants.


The usual holographic interferometric techniques do not make it possible to compare the deformations or the shapes of two similar but different objects in direct interferometric way. The DHI technique overcomes this limitation by using holographically reconstructed illumination wavefronts in the usual holographic interferometric techniques. Experimental results have proved the applicability of the technique in both the deformation and the shape measurements. Although many practical problems are to be solved yet DHI can be expected to become a routine control measurement in an assembly line.


ence of a nation depends on its natural resources, economy, and labor force. Although China has an abundance of natural resources, it holds no superiority in this area when the resources are apportioned over the large population. China has not yet reached the conditions necessary to make full and efficient use of its resources. The labor force is its best resource. With 20% of the world's population, China is often called "a nation of manpower." However, the education received by most Chinese people is below the average of developed countries, a scenario that has been an important factor contributing to the relative poverty in China. Since joining the World Trade Organization in 2001, China has made many social and economic reforms aimed at strengthening the nation. These reforms include improving science and technology, improving education systems, and adopting sustainable educational practices. Through its laws of education, China has enacted educational reforms to promote the sustained development of various educational programs and establish and perfect the "whole-life" educational system to better meet the demands for developing the socialist market economy and social progress. Yang (1997) points out that China is transitioning from a traditional planned economy to a socialist market economy. This transition has a crucial impact on the labor market, and its success depends very much on the quality of the labor force. Vocational education is an important part of the whole-life educational system and is important in the strategy of both building a labor force and strengthening China in science and education. China has entered the era of knowledge economy, which involves the possession, allocation, production, and distribution of knowledge resources. It is an economic form based on new technology and the distillation of human knowledge. In this era, as the pace of technical development increases and industrial configuration and techniques are upgraded, the traditional "one for all" school educational structure cannot fully meet the needs of economic construction and social progress. The working person must continue to enrich and rejuvenate his or her knowledge base after receiving the basic edu-


As a case study of the Piatyhorivka area of the Dnieper-Donets Depression with a level terrain is given to characterize the technology of computerized processing and structural identification of multiband remote sensing data. Its application enables to visualize the components of the terrestrial landscape for the research area more clearly. Moreover, as a result the identification of elements of a weakly incised (low-amplitude) erosion network, the differentiation of soils by spectral features, etc. became possible. On the basis of a combined analysis of a complex of landscape components, the structural interpretation of remote sensing data together with a priori data of geological and geophysical studies, the elements of the fault-block structure of the research area were refined. The zones of tectonic activation at the current stage of the development of the earth's crust were found within its limits.


We report an outbreak of botulism that occurred in July 2002 in a group of 12 Alaskan Yu'pik Eskimos who ate blubber and skin from a beached beluga whale. Botulism death rates among Alaska Natives have declined in the last 20 years, yet incidence has increased.


Democracy Day Act of 2003 - Requires the Tuesday next after the first Monday in November in 2004 and in each even-number year thereafter (Election Day) to be treated in the same manner as November 11 (Veterans Day) for purposes of any laws relating to Federal employment. Urges private employers to give their employees that day off to enable them to vote.Directs the Comptroller General to conduct a study of the impact of such requirement on voter participation.


The presence of heavy metals in municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) fly ash is of environmental concern due to their leaching potential in landfill environments. Acid extraction is a conventional method of safe treatment of fly ash. In this work, nitric acid was used as the extraction acid to leach Ni, Zn, Pb and Cu out from the ash. In addition, influence of nitric acid concentration and liquid to solid ratio on removal ratio of the four heavy metals was studied. It was found that removal ratio followed the decreasing sequence of Pb > Cd > Cu > Zn for acid extraction using nitric acid. The optimal extraction condition was 5.3 mol/L of nitric concentration at 20 liquid to solid ratio, which resulted in a removal ratio of 98% for Pb, 86% for Cd, around 73% for Cu and around 42% for Zn.


The emergence of antimicrobial resistance has necessitate the new approaches. The peppermint (Mentha piperita L.) (PEO) oil is known for its antimicrobial and antifungal activities. However, the employing of it in practial applications is troublesome because of the sensitivity to the environmental conditions. Thus, it was immolized into chitosan to eliminate the difficulties in its use and increase its activity. It was observed that the immobilization of the PEO into the chitosan (PEO@Chitosan) influenced the biological activities resulting in less minimum Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) values in addition to protecting the essential oil by the chitosan as environment-friendly biomaterial. The determined MIC values of the target product (PEO@Chitosan) are between 0.001-0.95 mg/mL for the studied bacterial strains and 0.006-0.36 mg/mL for the studied fungi isolates, which led us to consider them as new therapeutic alternative. In vitro antiviral studies gave us that even if the encapsulation of the essential oil into the chitosan made the prepared product still promising as acandidate for the antiviral therapy treatment.


This chapter reviews the alliance linking Athens with Argos, Mantineia, and Elis and their aim to destroy the foundations of Lacedaemon's power. It looks into the four cities' intention to break up Sparta's Peloponnesian alliance, knowing full well that it could only be settled on the battlefield. The chapter highlights Olympic Games that was held under the presidency of Elis in August 420, which provided an occasion for ritually humiliating and provoking the Lacedaemonians. It describes the Lacedaemonians' attack of Fort Phyrcus in Triphylia and dispatch of some of their hoplites to Lepreum shortly after the Olympic truce had been proclaimed in Elis. It also discusses how the Eleans charged the Spartans with a breach of the truce, which barred attacks on the presiding city in the general period of the Olympic festival.


In order to reduce the residual drift of a structure in structural engineering field, a combined structural system (dual) consisting of steel buckling-restrained braced frame (BRBF) along with shear wall is proposed. In this paper, BRBFs are used with special reinforced concrete shear walls as combined systems. Some prototype models of the proposed combined systems as well as steel BRBF-only systems (without walls) are designed according to the code recommendations. Then, the nonlinear model of the systems is prepared using fiber elements for the reinforced concrete wall and appropriate elements for the BRBs. Seismic responses of the combined systems subjected to ground motions at maximum considered earthquake level are investigated and compared to those obtained from BRBFs. Results showed that the maximum residual inter-story drift from the combined systems is, on average, less than half of the corresponding value of the BRBFs. In this research, mean of absolute values of the maximum inter-story drift ratio demand obtained from combined systems is less than the 3% limitation, while this criterion has not been fulfilled by BRBF systems.


The light-thermal sensitive microcapsule was synthesized with interfacial polymerization method,which was a new type of optical information recording function material.It was investigated that the dye ODB-2 effects on the excitation state of photoinitiator and the polymerization property in microcapsule by fluorescence spectrum and infrared spectrum.The results show that photo-absorption of dye precursor in ultraviolet region causes the fluorescence spectrum intensity of photoinitiator to decrease,and make the number of molecules in excited state reduce.The quantum yield of primary radical and proceeding of photopolymerization is affected by the dye precursor.The speed and extent of polymerization in microcapsule decreases as dye precursor concentration increases.The degree of influences of different kinds of dye on photo-polymerization is different.


The objectives of this research are (1) to find out whether Graphic Organizers can improve writing skill of Eight Grade students of SMP N 4 Sukoharjo in 2017/ 2018 Academic Year (2) to find out how is the class condition when Graphic Organizers is implemented in writing class at Eight Grade of SMP N 4 Sukoharjo in 2017/2018 Academic Year. This researcher held from January 2017 to January 2018. In this research, the researcher conducted two cycles. Each cycle consisted of two meetings and one posttest. Each cycle had four steps: planning, action, observation, and reflection.  In  collecting  the  data,  the  researcher  used  observation,  interview, document, and test. In analyzing the data, the researcher used quantitative and qualitative data analysis. The researcher conducted pre-test, post-test 1 and post-test 2 to get raw data. After the researcher had the data, the researcher calculated the mean score from the pretest, post test1 and posttest 2. The researcher also calculated t-value using t-test. The result of this research shows that there was improvement in students' writing  skill.  Based  on  the  mean  score  of  the  students  in  pre-test  was  19,34, meanwhile in the post-test I of cycle I, it increased to 60,5. In the post-test II of cycle II the value had increased to average value 72,9. Besides, the class condition was better where the students' enthusiasm was increased to learn English. The students were able to transform their idea into written form using graphic organizers. Based on the  result  above,  it  can  be  concluded  that  (1)  Graphic  Organizers  strategy  can improve  students'  writing  skill  in  class  VIII  G  of  SMP  Negeri  4  Sukoharjo  in 2017/2018   Academic   Year   and   (2)   class   condition   was   better   after   the implementation of Graphic Organizers strategy. Graphic Organizers strategy can be new way in teaching learning to improve students' writing skill.


The excess heats of mixing were determined for the three systems isopropylbenzene-o-xylene, isopropylbenzene-m-xylene, and isopropylbenzene-p-xylene at 298.15 K using a Tronac-1250 calorimeter. The UNIFAC and ASOG-two group contribution models have been used to predict the enthalpies of mixing