In this paper we show a platform which allows for education and training of a number of essential embedded skills. The Java optimized processor (JOP) is open source and has been used in several educational and training sessions and we cover how each setting has trained a special skill set. The experience covers basics from undergraduate education to Ph.D. level education. At each level different properties of the system are emphasized. Our emphasis on the interdisciplinary of embedded systems education is based on referenced research findings. This way we provide empirical findings and couple it with academic frameworks.


We report the first measurement of the magnetic penetration depth lambda(T,theta) in single crystals of YBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7-//sub delta/ (delta/similar to/0.1). Results are consistent with conventional s-wave pairing, and yield penetration depths of lambda/sub a//sub b/(0) = 1415 +- 30 A and lambda/sub c/(0)>7000 A, parallel and perpendicular to the basal plane, respectively. Comparative data on sintered YBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7/ also shown to be consistent with the single-crystal results. The ..mu../sup +/ spin rotation data, together with specific-heat results, indicate a two-dimensional carrier density of eta/sub 2//sub d/approx. =8 x 10/sup 14/ carriers cm/sup -2/ and a basal-plane effective mass of m/sub a//sub b//sup *//m/sub e/approx. =10. .AE


Each of the main power supply systems for the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) consists of a power module, a digital regulator and an output circuit compartment. The sextant test provided an opportunity to test the prototype main power supply system. This test indicated areas where improvements could be made in the system. Changes were incorporated into the design. Testing of the system, using the actual ring as a load, is expected to be complete by March 1999. The performance of this completed system is presented and discussed.


We determine the absorption spectra of a gas due to evanescent plasmonic electromagnetic fields in a system where surface interactions (physisorption and chemisorption) are demonstrably negligible. The plasmonic host material, degenerate semiconductor CdO:Dy, has high mobility (366 - 450 cm2/Vs) and carrier density (0.6 - 3.5 x 1020 cm-3) and therefore supports low-loss surface plasmon resonances in the mid-IR. This high mobility layer gives the highest resolution observed in a plasmonic conducting layer in the infrared, higher than gold and rivaling silver at optical frequencies in the resolution of spectral features relative to the plasmon energy. This high resolution permits new understanding of the nature of the interaction of emerging fields with molecular transitions. Using different carrier concentrations, the resonance condition of the surface plasmon polariton (SPP) frequency (ω_SPP) and N2O vibrational absorption spectral frequency (ω_(N_2 O)) can be controlled, thereby allowing a critical test of field-molecule interactions. Experiment and theory both indicate a dispersive N2O line shape for ω_SPPω_(N_2 O) and an abrupt change between the two when the resonance condition ω_SPP=ω_(N_2 O) is reached. A first-order expansion of the Airy equation describes this behavior analytically. The SPP surface enhancement is 6.8±0.5 on resonance, less than enhancements observed in other systems, but in agreement with recent quantitative reports of surface enhanced infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (SEIRA). Our results show that interactions of infrared SPPs with molecular vibrations are in the weak coupling limit, and that enhancements comparable those reported for noble metals are achievable.


KAMALIKA MAJUMDER Research Scholar, JNU; Assistant Professor, Shaheed Bhagat Singh College, University of Delhi Delhi (India) Abstract: This article has examined the nature of the lease market and its resultant impact on the institution of tenancy. It has been observed that till the present day, the lease market is dominated by marginal and small farms both as lessors and lessees. The concentration of tenancy in favor of relatively better-off tenants which was observed during 1991-92 is reversed in favor of marginal and small farmers during 2002-03. It has also been seen that the phenomenon of 'reverse tenancy' which was predominant in Haryana and Punjab during 1991-92 has completely disappeared during 2002-03. Moreover, the concentrations in the ownership and operational holdings which were observed during 1991-92 have come down considerably during 2002-03 and the distribution of land has moved in favor of marginal and small farms.


IN the previous article in this series, mention was made of the Agricultural Industry Service (AIS), a long-range rehabilitation program for basic industrial development of China planned prior to the Red conquest. Established in 1946 under UNRRA and later (1948) under the Board of Trustees for Rehabilitation AfFairs (BOTRA) of the Nationalist government this Point Four type of program was an extension of similar programs previously tried out in South America through the office of Inter-American Affairs of the U. S. State Department (1). A development center containing laboratories, machine shop, and foundry was established in Hunan province (population 28 million), central China. Rich in raw materials but battered by years of front-line warfare, this area was thought to be admirably suited to serve as a test case for small-scale industrialization. Some $2 million was spent here during the three years of AIS's existence. Very early in the program it was decided to ...


Nuclear 18S rDNA gene fragments were amplified and sequenced by special primers in crabs Grapsus albolineatus,Varuna litterata and Ocypode ceratophthalmus.The length of 18S rDNA sequences in the crabs was 826 bp,825 bp and 833 bp with almost the same average A+T of 49.3%,slightly lower than the G+C of 50.7%.There were 20 variable sites(13 deletions or insertions,4 transitions and 3 transversions) among the three sequences.And the secondary structure of 18S rDNA sequence from 601 to 836 sites was also predicted with RNA structure software.


The widespread use of fiber reinforced composites (FRP) in outdoor applications has prompted the question that whether ultraviolet radiation could wreak havoc on their lifespan. The main objective of this study is to investigate mechanical degradation of FRPs exposed to sunlight under natural circumstances on the long-term basis. On the one hand, experimental study is performed, before and after exposure, on laminated composites with different lay-up configurations cut from FRP pipes stored in outdoor space for a 1 year. On the other hand, a simple theoretical modeling in the form of user-friendly engineering tool is developed to estimate the residual ultimate tensile strength of laminated composites after exposure to sunlight. The destructive influence of sunlight on the mechanical performance of polymeric composites is taken into account through three different stochastic scenarios. Thus, stochastic modeling is implemented and the results are compared with experimental observations.


OBJECTIVE To explore the clinical efficacy of Tingli Dazao Xiefei Tang and Daotan Tang combined with chemotherapy in treatment of phlegm-stasis blocking lung cancer and in control of infections.METHODS A total of114patients with advanced lung cancer who were hospitalized for treatment from Jan 2007to Jan 2010were recruited in the study and randomly divided into the observation group with 64cases and the control group with 50cases,both groups received the same chemotherapy program,the observation group was treated with additional Chinese medicine on the basis of chemotherapy,the efficacy,immune function,and incidence of pulmonary infections were observed and compared between the two groups.RESULTS As compared with the short-term efficacy,the total effective rate was 54.0%in the control group,79.7%in the observation group,and there was significant difference(P0.05).The survival rate was 92.2%in the observation group after the treatment for one year,76.0%in the control group;the survival rate was 69.9%in the observation group after the treatment for three years,34.0%in the control group,and the differences between the two groups were significant(P0.05).There was significant difference in immune function levels of the observation group between before and after the chemotherapy(P0.05).The incidence of adverse reactions was 50.0%in the observation group,significantly lower than 80.0%in the control group(P0.05);the incidence of pulmonary infections was 46.9%in the observation group,significantly lower than 74.0%in the control group(P0.05).CONCLUSION Tingli Dazao Xiefei Tang and Daotan Tang can significantly improve the effect of chemotherapy on the patients with phlegm-stasis blocking lung cancer,raise the survival rate,enhance the immune function of the patients,and reduce the incidence of chemotherapy-induced adverse reactions as well as the incidence of pulmonary infections.


According to the user's interest model and the characteristics of information resources, personalized recommendation strategy is used to select the appropriate information resources from the database for users. The system provides feedback to the guiding teacher on the student's learning experiences and learning diary. Also, a customer satisfaction evaluation model of the system has been constructed and the investigation has been made. The results of the investigation demonstrate that most users are satisfied with the use of a personalized information resource services system for assisting their graduation design.


Significance Molecular dynamics simulations can provide mechanistic understanding of biomolecular processes. However, direct simulation of slow transitions such as protein conformational transitions or protein–ligand dissociation are unfeasible with commonly available computational resources. Two typical strategies are (i) conducting large ensembles of short simulations and estimating the long-term kinetics with a Markov state model, and (ii) speeding up rare events by bias potentials or higher temperatures and estimating the unbiased thermodynamics with reweighting estimators. In this work, we introduce the transition-based reweighting analysis method (TRAM), a statistically optimal approach that combines the best of both worlds and estimates a multiensemble Markov model (MEMM) with full thermodynamic and kinetic information at all simulated ensembles. We introduce the general transition-based reweighting analysis method (TRAM), a statistically optimal approach to integrate both unbiased and biased molecular dynamics simulations, such as umbrella sampling or replica exchange. TRAM estimates a multiensemble Markov model (MEMM) with full thermodynamic and kinetic information at all ensembles. The approach combines the benefits of Markov state models—clustering of high-dimensional spaces and modeling of complex many-state systems—with those of the multistate Bennett acceptance ratio of exploiting biased or high-temperature ensembles to accelerate rare-event sampling. TRAM does not depend on any rate model in addition to the widely used Markov state model approximation, but uses only fundamental relations such as detailed balance and binless reweighting of configurations between ensembles. Previous methods, including the multistate Bennett acceptance ratio, discrete TRAM, and Markov state models are special cases and can be derived from the TRAM equations. TRAM is demonstrated by efficiently computing MEMMs in cases where other estimators break down, including the full thermodynamics and rare-event kinetics from high-dimensional simulation data of an all-atom protein–ligand binding model.


An endochitinase encoding gene was cloned from the genome DNA of Trichoderma viride. The length of this DNA fragment is 1672 bp and contains a promoter and coding region for mRNA. After ligating it with the promoter and terminator of Trp synthetase from Aspergillus nidulan, this gene was introduced into Chaetomium globosum CG10. It was indicated about one third transformants increased their endochitinase activity significantly. This experiment lays some foundation and present a potential way for improvement of biocontrol activity of Chaetomium globosum with genetic engineering method.


The position and velocity errors are divergent of traditional navigation algorithms used in ballistic missile for it cannot estimate the bias of accelerometer precisely. To solve this problem, a novel SINS/CNS integrated navigation algorithm is proposed in this paper, which adds high angle error, azimuth angle error and height error on the basis of the traditional navigation method. As these three values are related to the position of missile, the proposed method can constrain the divergence of navigation errors. Meanwhile, a system model for ballistic missile is deduced. To verify the navigation precision of the proposed algorithm, the observable analysis and simulation experiments are performed. And the results show that the system state of proposed method is observable completely, and the divergence of navigation error can be restrained thoroughly.


Introduction Aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons are the major contaminant of the petroleum polluted sites, and among these compounds, the most of them are representative of low molecular weight molecules. Moreover, the hydrocarbons have been shown to be readily degraded by many microorganisms. However, long-chain alkanes, with the range of equivalent carbon number (C > 18) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) especially high molecular weight PAHs (HMW PAHs), consisting of two or more benzene rings were considered to be only slightly biodegradable [1, 2]. Many reports have indicated that bacteria play important roles in hydrocarbon mineralization despite the fact that fungi may also mineralize hydrocarbons. Many aliphatic hydrocarbons degrading organisms have been identified, and some of them have shown a broad substrate range, including those long chain aliphatic hydrocarbons that are solid at ambient temperature [1]. This study was designed to isolation of an efficient fungal strain in degradation of recalcitrant hydrocarbons based on the soil of aged polluted sites.


In this thesis I analyze the adventure of the changing work through the experience of the "Program Health, Gender and Working Formation at the Schools", with emphasis on the – central – participation of the workers and union members, whose narratives about the work at schools, tell us not only their difficulties, but also the potential of the transforming action related to the promotion of health. My primeval aim is to reconstruct this experience by means of the conceptual basis of a critical thought lineage (Marx, Gramsci, Freire, Odonne, Schwartz and others) that considers work itself an educational principle and the work experience a central reference to its understanding and transformation. Likewise, I pursue the
aim of a better understanding of the method of the Formation Program, focusing on its educational aspects. The results of the dialogues and the interviews with both, narratives of
accomplishments and obstacles, gave me the possibility of visualizing different ways of
analyzing and interfering in the work, as well as the multiple ways (individual and group oriented) of the educational professionals to be involved in their work activity, which was stated, for instance, from the narration of a (successful) managing experience in favor of the workers. Another discovery is related to the fact that the interviewed workers have referred, as the main changes, those that happened in the way of seeing and thinking of the work problems concerning to health. By means of it, I confirmed that the methodological principle, used in the Formation Program, transforms the subjective elaboration of the workers in relation to their own work, given to the fact that they don't perceive or think of it in the same way as they did before. Also, I verified that the Formation Program provided the union members a more qualified argumentation on the work conditions at school, which, as a
consequence, impelled them to feel better prepared to objecting governmental policies against the education workers' interests, and being especially harmful to the group's health.


Objectives Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is common disease in otorhinolaryngology and will lead to lower airway abnormality. However, the only lung function in CRS patients and associated factors have not been much studied. Methods One hundred patients with CRS with nasal polyps (CRSwNP group), 40 patients with CRS without nasal polyps (CRSsNP group), and 100 patients without CRS were enrolled. The difference in lung function was compared. Meanwhile, CRSwNP and CRSsNP group were required to undergo a bronchial provocation or dilation test. Additionally, subjective and objective outcomes were measured by the visual analogue scale (VAS), 20-item Sino-Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT-20), Lund-Mackay score, Lund-Kennedy endoscopic score. The correlation and regression methods were used to analyze the relationship between their lung function and the above parameters. Results The forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) and forced expiratory flow between 25% and 75% of forced vital capacity (FEF25-75) of CRSwNP group were significantly lower than other groups (P<0.05). On peak expiratory flow, there was no difference between three groups. In CRSwNP group, FEV1 was negatively correlated with peripheral blood eosinophil count (PBEC) and duration of disease (r=–0.348, P=0.013 and r=–0.344, P=0.014, respectively), FEF25-75 negatively with VAS, SNOT-20 (r=–0.490, P=0.028 and r=–0.478, P=0.033, respectively) in CRSsNP group. The incidence of positive bronchial provocation and dilation test was lower in CRSwNP group (10% and 0%, respectively), with both 0% in CRSsNP group. The multiple linear regression analysis indicated that change ratio of FEV1 before and after bronchial provocation or dilation test were correlated with PBEC in CRSwNP group (β=0.403, P=0.006). Conclusion CRS leading to impaired maximum ventilation and small airway is associated with the existence of nasal polyp. Lung function impairments can be reflected by PBEC, duration, VAS, and SNOT-20. In CRSwNP patients, PBEC is independent predictor of FEV1 change ratio.


This paper aims to present an insight into the introduction of an e-textbook's learning platform for online students residing in Asia by an English Business School. This platform also generated a range of data analytics that provided teachers with an understanding of how their students interact with learning materials.,This paper interrogated the data generated through students' interaction with the e-books learning platform, as well as students' feedback via a questionnaire. The data generated are presented in a series of diagrams.,This paper makes links between self-regulated theory and how e-textbooks are used by students. The findings also offer tentative support for the use of e-books platforms as both a learning resource and a mechanism to obtain learning analytics.,This paper contributes to the wider discourse of the use of learning analytics and how information technology may align with self-regulated learning.,This paper represents a contribution to the developing field of research related to learning analytics and how students manage their use of information technology.


The paper analyzed the method to determine the group capacity of 35 kV reactive compensating parallel capacitor banks at 500 kV substation, primary connecting mode of the capacitor bank and scheme for protective configuration. It defines that application of the double star connection and inner fuse protection is proper for the group capacity at 60 MVA within the breaking capacity of the breakers and explosion-resisting capacity of the capacitors at present. [


Objective:To evaluate the effects of comprehensive health education measures on diabetics to make them actively cooperate with the treatment,self-care and management for controlling the disease progression and complications occurrence,and increasing the quality of life and survival rate.Methods:60 improved and discharged cases of diabetes mellitus were randomly divided into the experimental group and the control group,30 cases in each group.The patients and their families were introduced the methods of diet therapy,exercise therapy and the matters needing attention to in the two groups.The experimental group received the personalized health guidance including the patients participating in the discussion of goal setting,telephone return visit,regular follow-up assessment in outpatient clinic and diabetic lectures.After 6 months,fasting blood glucose,2 h postprandial blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin were detected and compared between the two groups.Results:Comparing the indexes of fasting glucose,2 h postprandial blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin after 6 months in the two groups,the disease condition in the experimental group was better controlled than that in the control group(P0.05).Conclusion:The comprehensive health education measures can better control the disease condition of diabetes patients.


The main argument of this short book is one all secular liberals may wish to support and engage with to varying degrees. The problem is the central view of religion is so Christian and Eurocentric that it becomes in effect a call for a universal post-protestant secularity which suits only a small percentage of the global population. While granting individual rights, it does so against accepting the legitimacy or indeed the lived realities of the claims of other cultures, ethnicities and religious believers. Therefore the central problem is that Winfield presents us with a reductionist approach. For example, to reduce all acts of religious terrorism, in particular Islamic terrorism, to the status of criminality stresses a certain type of universalistic notion of crime and action to be solved with 'international police actions' (1). Central to such an approach is the qualification, from the opening paragraph, that 'the war on terror' is actually a war on terrorism. The focus of the book are those described as 'Islamist jihadists' who become presented as the enemy in what is a type of secular-Islamist Manichaeism. The result is an inherent confrontation presented between the secular west and Islam, yet the limitations of this book are due not least to a failure to engage with those who take a more balanced view on Islam and its possible engagements with secular, western society. For example, there is no mention of Tariq Ramadan. In fact this book presents a singularly American-Anglo approach. There is no mention of Baudrillard, Finkielkraut, Olivier Roy, Gianni Vattimo or Zizek. Of course the Hegelian focus of the argument most probably explains such oversights, but this does not excuse them. This is book argues for a particular American view of the world, a type of pax Americana, being basically a philosophical expression of the familiar neoconservative viewpoint. Once this is understood it is evident why little attention is paid to contemporary continental thinkers, for in the words of the infamous dismissal of TV's The Simpson's, being European they represent 'cheese eating surrender monkeys'. Therefore the response to this book will be determined as to whether one is or is not an American, for running throughout is a transcendent claim to democracy as expressed by America, a type of manifest destiny to 'save the world'. Consider the following statement from the introduction: What makes the United States the most formidable challenge to holy warriors is not just that America is the most economically dynamic, militarily pow-


In order to solve the existing manual system problem, we developed Mobile Financial Application System (MFAS). MFAS solution automated and computerized the manual process flow, errors are eliminated, reduce redundant manual work, paperless, generate report for decision making and increase data accuracy. Due to the PPC resource limitation such as processor, RAM and storage limitation, MFAS with conventional development approach; without applying Component Based Development (CBD), Multi Tier Design and HCI design concept will utilize 100% of the Pocket PC (PPC) device resources. This make MFAS slow in respond, easy hang and no multitasking. CBD advocates developing software systems by selecting reliable, reusable and robust software components and assembling them within appropriate software architectures. Multi Tier architecture is logically and physically separated by layers; presentation layer, business layer logic and storage layer. This thesis will point out the major issues to design, implement, deploy the PC development methodologies into PPC and explain implementation of architecture into PPC can enhance the application and optimize the performance of the system. Conclusion of this study is this is only a very first step to migrate all the high end development methodologies into PPC. We need to have more development with PPC other than PC and server because PPC have become a trend for most of the end user and also more affordable nowadays.


Plasma Immersion Ion Implantation is shown to be a promising candidate for low-energy, high-dose ultra large-scale integration (ULSI) applications like ultra-shallow junction processing. Junctions shallower than 65 nm at a background concentration of 1018 cm-3 have been made with BF3 PIII (p-type) and PH3/H2 PIII (n-type). Remaining concerns about PIII processing include impurity contamination, surface erosion, charging of thin oxide devices, and interaction with photoresist. Contamination can be reduced through proper machine design and cleaning. Surface erosion is minimized by using higher frequency implantation: although the erosion rate rises, the dose rate increases faster. Charging becomes severe at higher frequencies, so a moderate frequency (around 10–20 kHz) is recommended to minimize both effects. The effect of PIII-photoresist interaction on devices is comparable to that seen with conventional implantation.


It is inherent in the process of producing mechanical and hence electrical energy from a heat engine that much of the energy input is released as relatively low temperature heat. By various techniques it is possible to produce reject heat at a temperature useful for space heating or industrial process heating, giving a much higher overall efficiency of conversion and saving fuel over separate production of electricity and heat. Heat from combined heat and power (CHP) plant, or from another central source, can be piped in the form of hot water or steam to users' premises, in district heating (DH) networks.


Public apologies of former perpetrators for their wrongdoing are commonly taken to be an expression of respect for victims. Public apologies are said to involve recognition that the victim deserves redress in the form of an acknowledgment of the wrong done to him or her. This paper seeks to qualify this view by focusing on the case of the public exposure of informers for the infamous secret police or Stasi under the German Democratic Republic. It argues that public apologies may in fact be a way of circumventing the possibility of promoting respect for victims.


Purpose Cognition is essential to communication, yet this topic is often neglected in discussions with aging patients in most clinical settings. Audiologists, however, represent a crucial role in a...


The aim of multicriteria decision aiding is to give the decision maker a recommendation concerning a set of objects evaluated from multiple points of view called criteria. Since a rational decision maker acts with respect to his/her value system, in order to recommend the most-preferred decision, one must identify decision maker's preferences. In this paper, we focus on preference discovery from data concerning some past decisions of the decision maker. We consider the preference model in the form of a set of "if..., then..." decision rules discovered from the data by inductive learning. To structure the data prior to induction of rules, we use the Dominance-based Rough Set Approach (DRSA). DRSA is a methodology for reasoning about data, which handles ordinal evaluations of objects on considered criteria and monotonic relationships between these evaluations and the decision. We review applications of DRSA to a large variety of multicriteria decision problems.


The Internet of Things (IoT) environment's heterogeneous components make the distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attack a security challenge. The dependency on the network topology is one of the various drawbacks of the DDoS detection techniques currently in use. In this research work, a new variant of long-short term memory (LSTM) is proposed to detect DDoS attacks in the IoT environment. The proposed method uses a new hybrid method for optimizing the parameters of LSTM based on bacterial foraging optimization (BFO) with a firefly algorithm (FA) called BFOFA-LSTM. The performance of comparison algorithms is examined using two types of datasets including BoT-IoT and CICDDoS2019 and four different performance indicators are considered such as sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and F-Measure. The proposed BFOFALSTM detection method produced a high detection rate when compared with other literature algorithms.


To assess attitudes and intentions related to the COVID-19 vaccine during the pandemic, we surveyed adolescents aged 13–18 years and the parents of 13–18-year-olds using national research panels on three occasions or "waves": before the COVID-19 vaccine was available, after it was available for adults, and after it was available for ages ≥12 years. Data on experiences with COVID-19, the importance of adolescent vaccines, and intentions regarding COVID-19 vaccination were analyzed across time points. We found that parental concerns about vaccine safety significantly increased from Wave 1 to 2. Social media had a negative influence on parents' and adolescents' opinions about vaccine safety. Demographic variables were associated with vaccination rates reported in Wave 3, consistent with known inequities related to vaccine access. Parents (70%) were supportive of concomitant COVID-19 vaccination with other adolescent vaccines for teens. It is important to address variables associated with vaccine hesitancy to increase COVID-19 vaccine coverage rates in the US.


In the tide of reform and opening up,more and more female rural migrant workers rush into cites,but"dual economic structure of urban and rural areas" brings some practical problems which are still difficult to be solved.Female rural migrant workers depend on themselves and local social network to rebuild and construct city social network in order to acquire social support.The paper focuses on their local social network and city network and emphasize the analysis of the characteristics of social network and according to the source of housekeeping waiters,which comparative analysis based on their different places they have come from city.


Introduction: as a diagnostic method, the cytology for fine-needle aspiration is the fact-finding front line for the pulmonary peripheral opacities diagnosed by a simple chest X-ray. Objective: to determine the value of the cytology effectiveness indicators for fine-needle aspiration in the diagnosis of lung cancer of peripheral location. Method: an observational analytical study was carried out in adult patients of Pneumology Service of the Provincial General Teaching Hospital "Dr. Antonio Luaces Iraola" in Ciego de Avila from January 2012 to February 2013. The universe corresponded with the sample: 29 adult patients with suspicion of lung cancer of peripheral location, diagnosed in the period before referred, that they fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Results: this disease was more frequent in men (68,9 %) and the most affected ages corresponded to the group of 60-69 years (51,7%). The cytological variety more diagnosed was non-small cell carcinoma (34,4%) and the radiological kind of tumoral image (79,2 %) prevailed over the rest. The most frequent injuries were bigger than 2 cm (72,4%). Pneumothorax was the complication presented in patients with injuries under 2 cm (6,9%). Sensibility and specificity of the proof were 90,91 % and 100 % respectively; the predictive value oscillated between 78 % and 100%. Conclusions: The diagnostic effectiveness of the course of action was demonstrated.


In this contribution, we derive exact closed-form expressions for the average symbol error probability (SEP) of arbitrary rectangular quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) for single- and multichannel diversity reception over independent but not-necessarily identically distributed Nakagami-m fading channels. The diversity branches may hence exhibit identical or distinctive power levels and their associated Nakagami indexes need not be the same. Our work extends previous results pertaining to nondiversity reception of M-ary rectangular QAM over Rayleigh fading channels and multichannel reception of M-ary square QAM over Nakagami-m fading channels. For a given number L of diversity branches and a corresponding set of arbitrary real-valued Nakagami indexes not less than 1/2, our SEP results are expressed in terms of Gauss's hypergeometric function 2F1 and Lauricella's multivariate hypergeometric function FD (L) of L variables, both of which can be efficiently evaluated using standard numerical softwares.


Abstract In this study, eucalyptus wood was subjected to thermal treatment with super-heated steam under various conditions. The effects of temperature and exposure time on the functional groups an...


To improve the accuracy and practicality of harmonic state estimation,a particle swarm optimization-based integrated optimal configuration scheme for measuring point of harmonic state estimation is proposed.In this scheme,firstly the trace of covariance matrix of estimation error is chosen as objective function to attain the optimal configuration scheme suitable to each harmonic;secondly the average variation of trace value is re-chosen as objective function to obtain integrated optimal configuration scheme suitable to all orders of harmonics.To remedy the defect of choosing values of σ in objective function,the P-σ curve is defined to make the choosing value of σ normalized.The Matlab-based Simulation results of IEEE 14-bus system,IEEE 39-bus system and IEEE 145-bus system verify the effectiveness and practicality of the proposed integrated optimal configuration.


The rhizocephalan barnacleLoxothylacus panopaei, which parasitizes the mud crabRhithropanopeus harrisii, releases its larvae as nauplii. The nauplii develop through four stages to the cypris stage; both larval forms are lecithotrophs. Parasitized crabs were acclimated in 10‰, 15‰, and 20‰ water during August and the development of releasedL. panopaei larvae was monitored in a range of salinities. After 48–60 h, the nauplii and cyprids in each experimental salinity were counted and the numbers used to calculate a developmental index. The range of salinities in which successful development to cyprids occurred (developmental index >70%) could be shifted as a consequence of the acclimating salinity.L. panopaei larvae can develop successfully over a 10–30‰ salinity range, indicating that settlement onto host crabs and virgin externae is likely to take place in nature within this range.


Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) has been shown to be associated with psychological symptoms as well as physical. Despite this correlation, physicians are more likely to focus on and provide treatments primarily for the physical aspects of IBS, which may result in a less-than-ideal treatment of the disorder. This literature review examines many IBS-related studies which show the existence of psychological components of IBS and the efficacy of treatment methods based in psychology. The conclusion of this research is that the current medical treatments of IBS are insufficient, and patients would likely see more improvements if physicians were to create a more holistic, individualized treatment plan for each patient by assessing for and treating the psychological aspects of IBS in addition to the physical aspects.


The article presents the main stages of development of domestic ekranoplans created by R.E. Alexeyev and Central Design Bureau of Hydrofoil, under his leadership. We consider both military and civil variants of ekranoplans. From the first self-propelled models to combat ekranoplans and ekranolets.


In India the spread of HIV has been predominantly attributed to heterosexual transmission with much higher seropositivity among patients with sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). However statistics from New Delhi reflect a lower seroprevalence of HIV among patients attending STD clinics compared with Mumbai. The authors undertook a study to determine the seroprevalence of HIV among patients with STDs at a hospital in New Delhi. They further assessed the relationship between HIV and syphilis among high-risk groups. From January to August 1999 serum from 305 patients with a suspected STD were tested for syphilis and HIV by the Venereal Disease Research Laboratory and by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay/rapid/simple assay respectively. Of the 305 screened 68 (22.3%) patients were positive for syphilis and 32 (10.5%) were HIV-1 antibody positive. Of those with positive syphilis serology 13 (19.1%) were HIV positive. HIV seropositivity was found to be significantly associated with positive syphilis serology (odds ratio 2.71; 95% confidence interval 1.27-5.76). These findings indicate that patients with primary syphilis were at higher risk of HIV suggesting that control of syphilis at an early stage may play an important role in controlling HIV infection in India.


Li-H2O primary battery has high specific energy. However, the research on Li-H2O reaction is still in primary stage, because of quick reaction of Li-H2O and high content of hydrogen evolution influenced severely the electrochemical properties of Li-H2O battery. In this paper,the inhibition effects of single-component and combined corrosion inhibitors in alkaline solution KOH and NaOH by methods of classic hydrogen evolution experiment were introduced in this paper. The results showed that the selected inhibitors had good corrosion-inhibited abilities.


We discuss results of 2D and 3D numerical simulations of gas accretion processes in binary stars of the T Tau type. Analysis of the obtained flow structure shows that in such systems following gas dynamic details are formed: inner gap, circumstellar disks, bow shocks before components, and gaseous "bridge" between the components. It is shown that the bow shocks govern the shape and size of the inner gap. We also analyze matter flows inside the gap and redistribution of the accreted matter among the components.


Evaluating environmental variables that vary stochastically is the principal topic for designing better environmental management and restoration schemes. Both the upper and lower estimates of these variables, such as water quality indices and flood and drought water levels, are important and should be consistently evaluated within a unified mathematical framework. We propose a novel pair of Orlicz regrets to consistently bound the statistics of random variables both from below and above. Here, consistency indicates that the upper and lower bounds are evaluated with common coefficients and parameter values being different from some of the risk measures proposed thus far. Orlicz regrets can flexibly evaluate the statistics of random variables based on their tail behavior. The explicit linkage between Orlicz regrets and divergence risk measures was exploited to better comprehend them. We obtain sufficient conditions to pose the Orlicz regrets as well as divergence risk measures, and further provide gradient descent-type numerical algorithms to compute them. Finally, we apply the proposed mathematical framework to the statistical evaluation of 31-year water quality data as key environmental indicators in a Japanese river environment.


Ways of kinematic opportunities expansion and load-carrying capacity increase of planetary eccentric gearing by the engagement modification are considered. The design procedure of planetary gear with modified teeth is stated. Internal gearing from a position of multipaired relationship is considered. Opportunities of reduction of the forces working on fingers which serve for transfer the rotating moment on the gearing conducted shaft are shown. The technique and results of experimental investigation of kinematic accuracy of a small-sized reducer pre-production model are stated, the area of rational use of the considered type engagement is designated.


Resin transfer molding (RTM) is an industrial process to produce structural composite parts. During manufacturing, a dry fiber preform is draped into a cavity and is compacted by a hydraulic press. Afterwards, the cavity is injected with a matrix material (e.g. epoxy resin) until the whole part cures and can be demolded. To be suitable for mass production, the process has to be more timeefficient and better designed. With an optimized injection strategy, it is possible to reduce the cycle time significantly and avoid potential air traps in the part. Numerical simulation tools provide efficient solutions to find the best injection strategy. However for a realistic modelling it is necessary to take into account the local fiber orientations and fiber volume fractions resulting from the preforming process. For woven fabrics, this is already state of the art. For unidirectional fabrics, like in this work, no robust method exists, which is able to determine the local fiber architecture from draping simulation. Therefore mesoscale-modelling for draping simulation is used in combination with experimental methods like ultrasonic incineration to consider the local fiber architecture in this work. To transfer these data to the mold filling simulation model a special interface is developed. In this work these methods are applied to the mold filling simulation of a complex formed composite part. To demonstrate the influence by considering the local fiber architecture, a reference model is created additionally, where the fiber architecture is defined globally, without considering the draping process. Finally both models are compared against each other.


Objective To investigate the expression of estrogen receptor (ER) α and β in human prostate cancer (PC), peri-cancer tissue and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) tissue, and to discuss the role of estrogen receptor in prostate cancer. Methods The expression of ERα and ERβ in PC (n=28), peri-cancer tissue (n=28) and BPH (n=29) were detected by immunohistochemistry with En vision method. The ERα and ERβ expression were compared among different tissues by chisquare. The relationship between ER expression and related clinicopathologic features was statistically analyzed by spearman rank collection. Results ERα was localized dominantly in the stromal cell of PC. There were significant differences of the expression of ERα in PC, peri-cancer tissue and BPH tissue (epithelial cell 0%, 14%, 24%, P<0. 05; stromal cell 57%, 68%, 31%,P<0. 05). ERβ was localized in both epithelial and stromal cell of PC. There were significant differences of the expression of ERβ in PC, peri-cancer tissue and BPH tissue (epithelial cell 39%, 64%, 29%, P<0.01; stromal cell 50%, 75%, 79%, P<0.05). There was a significant difference of the expression of ERβ in different Gleason scores of PC tissue. Conclusions ERα is localized in the stromal cell of PC tissue.ERβ is localized in both epithelial and stromal cell of PC tissue. The ERβ might be related to the tumor differentiation of PC.

Key words:
Estrogen receptor alpha;  Estrogen receptor beta;  Prostatic neoplasms;  Carcinoma;  Prostatic hyperplasia


make a noise," deriving estampida, "noise."13 Estampie is a variant of this in early French and is to be found ultimately in Louisiana estampie. A parallel usage developed in Spanish with estampido {REW 8223) "noise," "crash," whence Mexican estampido {estampida),14 "stampede." In Louisiana Frence partir d la corse exists as a synonym for partir d I'estampie. The association of estampie with tournaments and races (cf. Boethius above) adds extra meaning to the Louisiana expression. It also throws light on American stampede, which was prseumably coined by cowboys from border Spanish estampida'* or estampido, which seem more reasonably associated with the Provencal and French forms meaning "joust," "race" or "outburst," than with Provencal estampida, "dance" or "song." However that may be, it seems clear that Coquillart's use of estampie does not mean corbeau as in architecture. It should be translated, as in the case of a horse, "bolting," "dashing off" or "running away." As we pointed out, it is permissable to say, "Saillir par la fuite." Calvin Claudel St. Louis University


This essay aims to resume the discussion about the trajectory of juvenile justice in Brazil. Based on the dialogue with works already carried out in the scope of Sociology, Criminology and other areas, it is intended to reflect on the possible continuities and ruptures, throughout Brazilian history, of this justice. From the Codes of Minors of 1927 and 1979 to ECA, including the creation of the Assistance Service for Minors, Funabem etc., legal operators, sectors of political elites, specialists and researchers, social movements, the press and other actors have permanently redesigned this area, by mobilizing diverse knowledge and diagnoses. It seeks to recover the complexity of such a historical trajectory in order to better reflect on the paradoxes of juvenile justice even today.


Pollen morphology of two genera of Calochortus was studied under transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The shape of caput in Calochortus is oblate spheroidal, flattened-spheroidal, rectangular that similar to caput of columella in other genera in Liliales. Absent endexine of Calochortus is advanced features in Liliales order, as well as monocotyledon plants. Also Calochortus has three layers intine, which consists of exintine, mesintine and endexine. The microreliefs on the surface of the muri in studied species Calochortus are smooth. The tectum to foot layer ratio (T/F) in studied species Calochortus is 1.6–2.6. This species was different from each other by shape and thickness of caput, length and width of columella and T/F ratio. The minimal thickness foot layer was in the pollen grain C. albus Douglas ex Benth The elliptical (oblate-spheroidal) caput form is in C. eurycarpus Wats, but from the caput in C. albus is spheroidal to indeterminate. In additional to sporoderm feature in Calochortus was similar to some species of genera Tulipa and Fritillaria.


The multiethnic population of the Republic of Kazakhstan was formed during the pre- revolutionary and Soviet migration periods, but during the post-Soviet period, the outflow of the Russian-speaking population is recorded, which leads to a change in the ethnic composition of the country. These changes are particularly noticeable in the northern regions of Kazakhstan. The article provides a comprehensive analysis of the ethnic composition of the population and interethnic relations during the Soviet period on the territory of Ualikhanov district, which is located in the South-Eastern part of Northern Kazakhstan region of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The work is based on clerical documents, data from thematic interviews and media materials.


The kinetics of oxidation of indigo carmine (IC) by N-sodio-N-bromotoluenesulfonamide or bromamine-T (BAT) in pH 5 buffer medium has been investigated at 30°C using spectrophotometry at 610 nm. The reaction rate shows dependencies of first-order on [IC]0 second-order on [BAT]0, fractional order on [H+], and inverse first-order on [ρ-toluenesulfonamide]. The addition of chloride and bromide ions, and the variation of ionic strength of the medium have no influence on the reaction rate. There is a negative effect of the dielectric constant of the solvent. Activation parameters have been calculated. A single-pathway mechanism for the reaction, consistent with the kinetic data, has been proposed. © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 29: 453–459, 1997


The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of somatic cell counts on urea con- tent in the milk of Holstein-Friesian cows of Black-and-White (N = 390) and Red-White (N = 86) varieties kept on a farm in the Wielkopolska region. It was found that urea level in milk of the evaluated genotypes of cows was within the accepted standard, with higher values of this pa- rameter in Red-and-White cows. In Polish Holstein-Friesian of Black-and-White variety a de- crease in urea level was shown with an increase in somatic cell count in milk. Taking into consideration the daily yield of milk and fat corrected milk (4%-FCM) the most advantageous results were recorded for animals with the lowest somatic cell count in milk.


This guide provides information on female pioneers associated with Upstate and its predecessor institutions who left lasting impacts on medicine and science. Please check back regularly as we will continue to add influential women to this guide. Lynn M. Cleary MD is Professor of Medicine and Vice President for Academic Affairs at Upstate. Dr. Cleary has been a member of the faculty since 1985.


The feasibility of non-invasive visible and near infrared (VIS-NIR) spectroscopy for determining wine age (1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 years) of Chinese rice wine was investigated. Samples of Chinese rice wine were analyzed in 600 mL square brown glass bottles with side length of approximately 64 mm at room temperature. VIS-NIR spectra of 100 bottled Chinese rice wine samples were collected in transmission mode in the wavelength range of 350-1200 nm by a fiber spectrometer system. Discriminant models were developed based on discriminant analysis (DA) together with raw, first and second derivative spectra. The concentration of alcoholic degree, total acid, and °Brix was determined to validate the NIR results. The calibration result for raw spectra was better than that for first and second derivative spectra. The percentage of samples correctly classified for raw spectra was 98%. For 1-, 2-, and 3-year-old sample groups, the sample were all correctly classified, and for 4- and 5-year-old sample groups, the percentage of samples correctly classified was 92.9%, respectively. In validation analysis, the percentage of samples correctly classified was 100%. The results demonstrated that VIS-NIR spectroscopic technique could be used as a non-invasive, rapid and reliable method for predicting wine age of bottled Chinese rice wine.


The call center industry is booming in the Philippines. Around the year 2005, the country overtook India as the world's "voice capital," while industry revenues are now the second largest contributor to national GDP. This ethnographic study traces the assemblage of a global market for voice over the past two decades. New information technologies developed during the 1990s and 2000s fed Western firms' appetite for cheap, English-speaking workers in offshore locales. An initial attempt to build a stable labor market for voice in India failed, owing in large part to gendered norms regarding work and mobility. In the Philippines, in contrast, there is a remarkable affinity between workers and firms. Decades of failed development policies have produced for educated Filipinos a dismaying choice: migrate abroad in search of prosperity or stay at home as an impoverished professional. Offshored call centers, in this context, represent a middle path. Drawing upon case studies of sixty Filipino call center workers and two years of fieldwork in Manila, this book shows how call center jobs allow Filipinos to earn a decent living and stay at home. Filipina women and transgender Filipinos in particular use their voices as strategic resources. Call centers are for them lifelines and lifestyles. Taken as a whole, this study advances debates concerning global capitalism, the future of work, and the lives of those who labor in offshored jobs.


Background Protective effects of reduced beta 2 glycoprotein I (Rβ2GPI) against vascular injury of diabetes mellitus have been extensively investigated. However, the effects of Rβ2GPI on liver injury in diabetic animals have not been reported. Material/Methods A diabetic rat model of was produced by systemic injection of streptozotocin (STZ). Rats were divided into a normal control group, a model group, and an Rβ2GPI treatment group (N=6 in each group). After treatments, blood serum and liver tissue were collected to test the protection of Rβ2GPI. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) was detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. Results Our results revealed that Rβ2GPI reduced blood glucose, serum creatinine, and urea nitrogen levels, as well as serum inflammation cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-a and C-reactive protein in the diabetic rats. Importantly, Rβ2GPI prevented liver injury in the diabetic rats as confirmed by hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining, alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, and gamma-glutamyl transferase. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) were promoted by diabetic modeling and were attenuated by Rβ2GPI administration. Moreover, Rβ2GPI significantly reduced liver catalase, malondialdehyde, and superoxide dismutase levels in the diabetic rats. Rβ2GPI reduced liver glycolipid storage in STZ diabetic rats. Both immunohistochemistry and Western blotting demonstrated that Rβ2GPI promoted AMPK phosphorylation in the diabetic rats. Conclusions Our data proved that Rβ2GPI prevented liver injury in diabetic rats, likely through activating the AMPK signaling pathway.


Azelastine nasal spray, a topical second-generation antihistamine, was approved in the United States in 1996 for use in patients 12 years of age and older with seasonal allergic rhinitis. It was also recently approved for the treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis in children 5–11 years of age. The efficacy and safety in children with allergic rhinitis has been demonstrated in 2 European double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group trials. The objective of this study was to evaluate the clinical experience in the United States of a group of physicians treating patients <12 years of age with azelastine nasal spray. Three hundred physicians were sent a 1-page case report form which requested demographic characteristics, diagnosis of the rhinitis type, dosage and duration of therapy, assessment of symptom control, and any adverse drug reactions in these patients. Azelastine nasal spray was reported to be effective by the clinicians for the treatment of allergic rhinitis in children 5–11 years of age wit...


The long-term forecast of extreme response presents a daunting practical problem for offshore structures. These installations are subject to varying sea conditions, which amplify the need to account for the uncertainties of wave heights and periods across a given sea state. Analysis of each sea state involves numerically intensive non-linear dynamic analysis, leading to massive computational expense across the environmental scatter diagram. Recent research has proposed several effective solutions to predict long-term extreme responses, but not without drawbacks, such as the limitation to specific failure locations and the absence of error estimates. This paper explores the practical implementation of control variates as an efficiency enhancing post-processing technique. The model building framework exhibits the advantage of being fully defined from existing simulation results, without the need for external inputs to set up a control experiment. A composite machine learning regression model is developed and investigated for performance in correlating against Monte Carlo data. The sampling methodology presented possesses a crucial advantage of being independent of failure characteristics, allowing for the concurrent extreme response analyses of multiple components across the global structure without the need for re-analysis. The approach is applied on a simulated floating production storage and offloading unit in a site located in the hurricane-prone Gulf of Mexico, vulnerable to heavy-tailed extreme load events.


Integrated Circuit technology is reviewed by a survey of the characteristics of components available for both monolithic and hybrid construction. The component survey results in a list of guide lines to be used in designing linear integrated circuits; the guide lines are then employed to design a 60 mc IF amplifier.


The influence of typological features of autonomous regulation on the dimensions, structure, and blood supply of the rectum in chickens has been studied. The experimental group consisted of clinically healthy adult chickens of the Isa-Brown breed, divided into two groups using electrocardiography and variation pulsometry methods: chickens with sympathetic-tonic regulation and chickens with sympathetic-normotonic regulation. In each group, the length and diameter of the rectum, the branching of its arterial vessels, and the microscopic structure of the intestinal wall were examined. The corresponding artery provides the blood supply to the rectum, the branching of which showed no significant differences between the poultry groups. The peculiarities of autonomous regulation significantly influence the morphological structure of the intestinal wall's mucous and muscular membranes. The serous membrane does not respond to these features. Chickens with sympathetic-tonic regulation (ST chickens) are characterized by a greater thickness of all indicated membranes and, consequently, the entire intestinal wall. Chickens with sympathetic-normotonic regulation (ST-NT chickens) have a greater thickness only in the muscular plate of the mucous membrane and its longitudinal layer. Regarding the quantity of collagen and elastic fibers, ST chickens dominate the mucous membrane's crypt area, while ST-NT chickens dominate the muscular membrane. However, the density of connective tissue fibers in the mucous membrane is much lower than in the muscular one. The quantity and distribution of plasma cells have similar patterns in both groups. Specific morphometric compensation between two functionally related indicators is also an important aspect. In this case, larger values of one indicator are combined with smaller values of another. For example, a smaller diameter of the rectum in ST chickens is associated with its greater length; a smaller number of goblet cells on one villus corresponds to a larger area of their secretory section; a larger area of the nerve node of the intramuscular nerve plexus is combined with a smaller number of these nodes per 1 cm² of the intestinal wall. Thus, the structure of the rectum in chickens, adapting to the corresponding type of autonomous regulation, maintains the balance at the level of individual membranes and the entire intestinal wall.


Mass media have triumphed! The word is out. The name of the game (depending upon your own personal preference) may be dyslexia, learning disability, perceptual handicap, specific language disability, primary reading disability, vulnerable child, or interjacent child. And, if these are unsuitable, there are many more labels to choose from. (With the recent success of the lunar landing perhaps it would be appropriate to label the hyperactive child outerspacent since he appears to be in orbit most of the time anyway!) While all the current publicity certainly contains plus factors, it is unfortunately true that magazines, Sunday Supplements, and TV Specials have spread a wake of confusion. "Authorities" have left impressions which range from the idea that we are in the midst of a raging epidemic of exotic learning disabilities, to the notion that there is no need for concern since the self-contained classroom can adequately handle all problems. In addition to reflecting the spectrum of opinion that exists concerning the fact or fiction surrounding learning disabilities, massive publicity has also tended to create a climate which is favorable for glib opportunists, cultists, and assorted camp followers to set up shop and sell their "services" to concerned parents. There is little doubt that there is a r a p i d l y g r o w i n g p o p u l a t i o n o f


—As a result of the incredible growth and diversity of IoT systems and applications over the past several years, an enormous amount of sensing data has been generated, which is critical for developing IoT-based intelligent systems. So far, it has taken a significant amount of time and money to collect sufficient sensing data for these smart systems leading to demands of sharing or exchanging available and valuable data to reduce the time and money spent on the data collection process. However, ensuring the data sharing process's integrity, security, and fairness is fraught with challenges. This paper proposes a Blockchain-based model that supports a secure publish-subscribe protocol for data sharing management by addressing three criteria such as confidentiality, integrity, and availability. In addition, the proposed model adopts a re-encryption technique to optimize shared data storage with multiple users and enhance the security of the data exchange process in a transparent and public environment like Blockchain. We have developed a DApp to demonstrate the feasibility of our design and evaluate its performance.


The present research project was undertaken to assess the opinions and perceptions of students, parents and community representatives of a number of aspects of a typical secondary school career guidance program. And, secondly, the study was designed to elicit opinionsof the ways in which career guidance could most effectively be improvedand facilitated. The responses to questionnaires and interviews completed by random samples of the three target populations indicated a wide distribution of opinion on certain aspects of the program and a marked consensus on other facets of the same career guidance program. In particular, it was found that there was little relationship between students' career choices and knowledge of the educational training required for the choice, as well as a vast difference between the proportion of parents who positively evaluated the guidance program with respect to academic counselling and the proportion of parents who positively evaluated theguidance program with respect to career counselling. There was, however, marked agreement between parents and community representatives with regard to the nomination of potentially effective methods for the improvement of career guidance programs. Le present projet de recherche voulut premierement determiner les vues et les opinions d'etudiants, de parents et de representants de bureaux de placement concernant plusieurs aspects d'un programme d'orientation professionnelle a l'ecole secondaire. En second lieu, cette etude fut menee afin de susciter des opinions chez ces personnes quant aux faconsselon lesquelles l'orientation professionnelle pourrait etre le plus efficacement facilitee et amelioree. Les reactions de ces trois groupes de personnes aux entrevues et aux questionnaires administres au hasard ont indique que l'opinion est diverse relativement a quelques aspects du programme et en harmonie relativement a d'autres aspects du memeprogramme. Notamment, on a trouve qu'il y avait peu de rapport entrele carriere choisie par l'etudiant et sa familiarite avec l'education etles qualifications requises pour cette profession. De plus, il y avaitune difference notable entre la proportion de parents qui faisaient uneevaluation positive du programme d'orientation en ce qui concerne laconsultation academique, et la proportion de parents qui en faisaient une evaluation positive en ce qui concerne l'orientation professionnelle.Il y avait, cependant, un accord prononce entre les parents etles representants de bureaux de placement en ce qui concerne l'identification de methodes qui pourraient ameliorer l'orientation professionnelle.


TO THE EDITOR: I read with interest the recent article by Craven and coworkers [1] regarding patients claiming undocumented human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive status. As the medical director at a county jail, I had the opportunity to evaluate several such patients during the past 6 years. All announced their serologic status on registration at the jail, before any medical evaluation. All were reluctant to reveal details of their history, and none would submit to confirmatory testing at our facility. Several common factors were identified. First, each patient demanded a private cell. Second, each demanded narcotic medications. Third, each insisted on being managed at a local university medical center (creating a need to leave the jail, as well as potentially causing a conflict between the specialist and jail physician regarding treatment). All made threats of legal action if the recommendations of consultants were not followed without question. We drew the following conclusions: Inmates in this population believed that special treatment, such as better housing, care by noncorrectional physicians, and access to desired medications, was associated with HIV-positive status. I suggest that any patient claiming to be HIV positive without documentation be screened carefully for evidence of malingering, especially in a high-risk population such as incarcerated persons.


We report a low-voltage-operated organic field-effect transistor that uses a hybrid gate insulator that has a high dielectric constant k. The gate insulator consists of a high-k polymer cyanoetylated pullulan (CEP) that can be efficiently cross-linked by glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane (GOPTMS) at low temperature (∼110 °C). The very low curing temperature is below the glass transition temperature T g of conventional plastic substrates for plastic electronics, and is therefore compatible with many plastic substrates for plastic electronics. The cross-linking is very efficient in that only 1/10 (w:w) GOPTMS: CEP produced densely cross-linked thin films with a smooth surface, good insulating property, high capacitance density and high k. The devices functioned at low voltage, and exhibited charge carrier mobility ∼1.83 cm2 V−1 s−1, and steep substheshold swing ∼88 mV dec−1. These results imply that high quality polymer gate insulators are achievable at low temperature with a very small fraction of blended crosslinking agents; this characteristic offers a method to achieve portable all-plastic flexible electronics that function at low voltage.


Methods: In a descriptive correlational study, 120 mothers of handicapped children who were referred to the rehabilitation clinics of the University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences (Rofeideh, Akhavan and Sina clinics) were selected through purposeful sampling and answered the Sanctification of Parents Scale (SPS), and Personal Views Survey (PVS). Data were analyzed by SPSS-20 software and statistical procedures including Pearson correlation and multiple regression analysis were used.


The axiological question of the role of economic values in the configuration of science is analyzed here following several steps: 1) the acceptance of the presence of values in science (among them, economic values in connection with scientific progress); 2) the clarification of the realms of values in science, which gives room for an "economics of science"; 3) the analysis of economic values in the internal perspective (cognitive and methodological), which is called "economy of research"; 4) the examination of external economic values of science as social activity and in the uses and applications of science; and 5) the assessment of the possibility of an "economic axiology of science" (i.e., the articulation of economic values as a system where economic dimension of rationality should have an important task). The paper seeks an alternative vision to those already available, insofar as it is looking for new aspects of economic values, such as those involved in scientific results or outcomes, in addition to those considered in scientific aims and processes.


• Firing systems construction • Filter technology • Energy management • Waste management and recycling industry • Utility companies • Plant construction • Environmental technology • Production plants The energetic utilization of biogenous residues, production residuals as well as waste material can reduce climatedamaging CO2 emissions and develop comprehensive economic potentials. Against this background Fraunhofer UMSICHT develops efficient and economic concepts for products and processes in the fields of combustion, pyrolysis, flue gas cleaning as well as their system integration. For a wide range of feedstocks we offer manifold applications and corresponding plant and process engineering. We will support you from the idea, the plant and process development, the design and construction, the pilot plant construction and operation through to the marketable product and the process implementation. Fraunhofer Institute for Environmental, Safety, and Energy Technology UMSICHT


Nicolaus Copernicus established a new theory of cosmological system-heliocentricism,and he is respected as the founder of modern astronomy.The author analyzes the performance of visual experience,which could enhance our recognition of the importance of this kind of non-logic factors in the establishment of scientific theories.


This paper tries to point out the resulting and development of new identity groups in the Quebrada de Humahuaca. The Modern Perspectives in Folclore and, specially the ritual concept let us to make out these new groups that they outline themselves in the organization and demonstration of their calendar celebrations. These expressive manifestations impose at first sight the play of identities in process; they show a strong differential and selfidentity content of celebrations of a locality and, at a time, of the interplaying groups in every celebration. Also, starting from obtained dates by interviews to the proper actors and by observation it is possible to note, furthermore, the presence of the andine/bolivian culture. This is assumed as a pride and replevying characteristic.


We propose the use of inverse scattering on the design of ultra wide band nonuniform coupled line directional couplers with a specified coupling response. The inverse scattering is performed using the layer peeling algorithm which is simple and of easy implementation as a computer routine. To validate the method a wide band directional coupler is designed and implemented.


The Certification Authority Authorization (CAA) RFC specifies a method
for users to restrict which Certificate Authorities (CAs) are
authorized to issue certificates for their DNS domain names. This
document extends that specification to provide a method for holders of
IP addresses to do the same.


The charge transport of planar organic field‐effect transistors
(FETs) occurs in the nearest molecular layer to the dielectric
layer. Therefore, organic monolayer FETs with two‐dimensional
transport properties have been widely studied, and is considered
to be promising for applications in bottom‐up integrated circuits.
Based on the semiconducting polymer PffBT4T‐2DT, we
fabricate the high‐performance monolayer FETs and unipolar
inverters. Resultant polymer monolayer FETs exhibited excellent
and uniform performance with a 107 on/off current ratio and
ultra‐low leakage current with a magnitude of 10‐12 A. More
importantly, the corresponding intrinsic gain of 1000 V/V is
achieved, which surpass Si MOSFET. Zero‐VGS inverters based
on these polymer monolayer FETs exhibit steep level transitions
with a voltage gain of 70 V/V, which is among the record for
inverters based on organic monolayer.


Nanosized barium titanate powders were synthesized by a hydrothermal method. The effect of titania precursors on the phase transition of BaTiO3 with respect to Ba/Ti ratio, reaction temperature, reaction time, and calcination temperature was investigated. The synthesized materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. BaTiO3 in pure cubic phase with spherical morphology was observed with a lower calcination temperature, Ba/Ti ratio, reaction temperature, and time. Increase in the tetragonal phase was ascertained in treatments at higher reaction temperature with a longer reaction time. The lattice hydroxyl release is believed to be the reason for tetragonality at high reaction and calcination temperatures. To prepare tetragonal BaTiO3 using HClO4-TiO2, the optimum synthesis conditions viz., Ba/Ti ratio, reaction temperature, and reaction time, are 1.2, 160 °C, and 3 h, respectively, at a calcination temperature of 1150 °C. The reaction ...


ABSTRACT
Renal metastasis from colon cancer is rare. We describe FDG PET/CT findings in a case with a right renal and a postcaval lymph node metastasis from colon cancer. Both the renal tumor and postcaval lymph node showed increased FDG uptake with SUVmax of 6.1 for the renal tumor and 5.5 for the postcaval lymph node. The imaging findings mimicked a primary renal cancer with postcaval lymph node metastasis.


With technological advancement the properties required of conventional materials change leading to the appearing of materials able to meet the requisites expected of new technologies. Combination of chemical and structural materials produced a new class of engineering products. firstly, this article provides a brief historical presentation of an innovative group of materials that are increasingly required by many applications in industry. Along the same are set out the characteristics and properties of composite materials for a clearer view of the advantages that they have in relation to other materials needed for the same use. there is also an evolution of different applications over the time, in many areas of the industry in general. As the main objective this work presents an analysis of these materials when applied in maintenance, repair and rehabilita -


The principles of top-down programming (15) and step-wise refinement (28, 29) can be used to represent structured system development as a natural extension to structured programming. The proposed non-procedural language is based on a set of structural and procedural information system (IS) specification standards (22, 24). When refined to a precise level of detail, a non-procedural specification of a desired information system results. This is due to the facts that the IS specification standards (1) define what pieces are needed for the desired IS, (2) include descriptive and prescriptive elements for the combination of the pieces, and (3) collect the pieces of the IS design to form program specifications at a functional level and to specify program algorithms.


The study of solutions obtained during the leaching of zinc-containing raw materials makes it possible to solve environmental problems associated with the need for more complete processing of raw materials and the elimination of both new and previously accumulated waste, as well as additionally obtain valuable components. The purpose of this work was to study the solubility of zinc oxide in sodium hydroxide solutions at different ranges of temperature and concentrations.


It would be easy to dismiss Linden-which is powered by now-ubiquitous GE 7FA gas turbines and D11 steam turbines-as just another cookie-cutter combined-cycle plant. But its size (1,240 MW), key location near New York City, and use of reclaimed water for all cooling water needs makes Linden deserving of recognition as one of POWER's Top Plants of 2006. Perhaps its most interesting story is how the project survived more than five years from groundbreaking to commissionirig.


In recent years, the popularity of dietary supplements based on pine pollen has significantly increased due to over a thousand years of its use in Chinese traditional medicine and diverse biological activity. Microstrobili are harvested prior to flowering in order to obtain pine pollen, and, following its separation, waste comprising empty microstrobili in the amount of 90–95% of the mass of raw material is formed. In this work, the elemental composition of Pinus sylvestris, P. sibirica and P. pumila microstrobili obtained following the separation of pollen (empty microstrobili (EM) was determined and compared with pharmacopoeial raw material, i.e., P. sylvestris sprouts. The elemental composition was analysed using atomic absorption spectroscopy with preliminary acid mineralisation in a microwave system. A comparative analysis of the elemental composition showed that EM contains a significant amount of K (8710–10187 mg/kg), Mg (627–1079 mg/kg), Mn (129–179 mg/kg), as well as Zn (37–67 mg/kg) and Cu (7.4–10.3 mg/kg). The series of accumulation of chemical elements was identical for microstrobili and sprouts of the studied pine species (K>Mg>Ca>Mn>Fe~Zn>Na>Cu>Ni~Cr>Co>Pb>Cd>Hg). EM can be used to enrich the diet with macroand microelements such as K, Mg, Mn, Fe, Zn and Cu. The content of toxic Cd, Pb and Hg was below the maximum permissible standards for medicinal plant raw materials and dietary supplements thereof. Obtained for the first time, data on the elemental composition of EM of P. sylvestris, P. sibirica, P. pumila and sprouts of P. sibirica and P. pumila can be used for further sanitary measurements of a new type of raw material.


The competitiveness of group corporation belongs to the competitiveness between giant enterprises. The gruop company competitiveness come from both corporation itself and surroundings. Different competitive sources have different competitiveness, different competitive resources can form different competent essentials. Under the circumstance of market competition, the competitiveness resources in group corporations turn into a process of system conversion. Through a complete integration and conversion, these resources turn to group company.


* Moody's Preferred Stock Ratings for January 1982 show about 30 new issues of preferred stock during the preceding year, raising approximately $1 billion. Only four of these issues lacked a sinking fund. This is typical of the interval since December 1978, when a regulatory change made preferred stock having a sinking fund feature an attractive investment to property and casualty insurers, as well as an interesting financing alternative to some fund raisers. The emergence of sinking fund preferred (SFP) may be the result of a market segmentation: trade journals of the principal issuers, public utilities, claim that relatively low dividend yields are required on these securities, while trade journals of the principal buyers, property and casualty insurers, state that tax-adjusted rates of return are relatively high on SFP. This phenomenon merits a closer look. A recent note by Sorensen and Hawkins (S&H) 116], due to its brevity, only hints at several major issues in SFP financing (e.g., accumulators and seller motives). Their note shows that yield traits of SFP over a three-year period before a regulatory change of De-


Summary form only given. The RITS-6 inductive voltage adder (IVA) accelerator (3.5-8.5 MeV) at Sandia National Laboratories produces highpower (TW) focused electron beams (<; 3mm diameter) for flash x-ray radiography applications. The Self-Magnetic Pinch (SMP) diode utilizes a hollowed metal cathode to produce a pinched focus onto a high-Z metal anode converter. There is not a clear understanding as to the effects various contaminants such as: C, CO, H, H<;sub>2<;/sub>O, H<;sub>m<;/sub>C<;sub>n<;/sub>, O<;sub>2<;/sub>, and N<;sub>2<;/sub>, on the anode surface or in the bulk, may have on impedance dynamics, beam stability, beam spot size, and reproducibility.Various cleaning/outgassing methods have been explored such as: heating bulk Ta to temperatures of 1,000 °C for ~2000 s or more with and without thin films of pure Al or Au, pulse heating Ta foils (~100μm thick) to ~2,400 oC for ~1 s, and plasma glow discharge cleaning using an Argon-Oxygen 80/20 gas mixture for ~2000 s. The effects of in-situ cleaning were characterized via in-situ residual gas analysis, separate Temperature Programmed Desorption of witness samples, thermal modeling, and ultimately through radiographic and pulsed power performance of the diode. Initial experiments indicate a significant reduction in H and C as indicated by high-speed spectral analysis of plasmas at the converter and a reduction of back-streaming proton currents. Experiments are ongoing, and latest results will be reported.


Federal mortgage modification initiatives, targeting millions of borrowers, are intended to prevent foreclosures of underwater home mortgages. Those initiatives discourage principal reductions in favor of interest reductions, despite the possibility that the former would be a more durable foreclosure prevention tool. The programs also impose marginal income tax rates substantially in excess of 100 percent. Using the framework of optimal income taxation, this paper shows how alternative means-tested modification rules would simultaneously improve collections, efficiency, the number of foreclosures, and their total cost. As a result, lenders have an incentive to foreclose on borrowers deemed modification eligible by the federal programs.


Recent research has outlined important changes in partisanship among political elites in the United States. Specifically, the effect of partisanship on politicians' vote choice and other political behavior has risen, and the number of issue areas where partisan conflict is present has increased. This article examines whether similar changes have taken place among the general electorate. Using data from the NES Cumulative Datafile, the findings presented here do point to changes in partisanship among the mass public. Once thought to be in decline, mass partisanship has rebounded significantly in recent years. In a related development that is perhaps more important, partisanship has become more pervasive within the electorate, with partisan conflict now penetrating into a greater number of issue areas. Partisanship has become relevant in the areas of racial and cultural issues while retaining its importance for issues involving economic equality.


Summary The problem of different teaching methods is briefly discussed in the context of Bennett's work. An experiment involving four different teaching strategies carried out with about 200 senior primary school children is described. Results obtained on two appropriate tests are presented and analysed. The analysis suggests that there is no one uniformly best teaching method, though one appears to be uniformly weak. The other three are effective, or ineffective, insofar as they do, or do not, satisfy the criteria for memory set out by Craik.


This research paper deals with the loading of different wt.% of Montmorillonite (MMT) thermal properties of polypropylene (PP). PP/MMT nanocomposites have been manufactured by melt blending method using maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (MAH-g-PP) coupling agents. Melt blending was achieved by using twin screw extruder. The MAH-g-PP used as coupling agent and helped the good dispersion of the nanofiller in polymer matrix. The crystallization behavior of PP and its nanocomposites were studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). DSC isothermal curves showed an increase in the crystallization temperature along with increasing degree of crystallinity.Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) which indicated good thermal stability of PP matix in Na+-MMT nanocomposites.Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) indicated significant improvement in the storage modulus and loss modulus compared with neat PP.


On the 20th October 2016, at the United Nations Habitat III conference on Housing and Sustainable Urban Development, held in Quito, Ecuador, the New Urban Agenda (NUA) was adopted, providing a 20-year framework on how cities should be planned and managed to best promote sustainable urbanization globally. The document, as reported by Dr. Joan Clos, Secretary-General of the conference and Executive Director of the UN Human Settlements Programme (UN-Habitat), should be seen as an extension of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, agreed by 193 Member States of the United Nations in September 2015.After the first conference in Vancouver (1976) and the second in Istanbul (1996), the third Habitat major summit to discuss the future of cities was attended by around 36.000 people from 167 different countries.We officially launched The Journal of Public Space at the Habitat III Urban Library on the 19th October 2016, during a talk with our partners from UN Habitat Public Space Programme, Laura Petrella and Cecilia Andersson, and with our supporting partner at The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hendrik Tieben. The talk was very well received and was attended by more than 90 people. Interest in our new journal was high, many attendees have voiced the need of an independent, free and accessible platform to share ideas, researches, experiences and strategies to design, manage and appropriate public spaces.Public space, as a topic of research, still fascinates and challenges several academics, but often bottom-up tactics by community groups are the most incredible example of how people are always passionate about their cities and their environment. What was evident in Quito, is how academia, industry and community groups would highly benefit in working together and discussing together about public spaces.


Lean manufacturing begins with the first and highest priority principle - defining values in the eyes of the customer. This paper describes the process of applying this lean principle in software development processes with the example of a start up software company Palantir Technologies.


Background: Since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, mathematical models have been widely used to inform public health recommendations regarding COVID-19 control in healthcare settings. Objectives: To systematically review SARS-CoV-2 transmission models in healthcare settings, and summarise their contributions to understanding nosocomial COVID-19. Methods: Systematic search and review. Data sources: Published articles indexed in PubMed. Study eligibility criteria: Modelling studies describing dynamic inter-individual transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in healthcare settings, published by mid-February 2022. Participants and interventions: Any population and intervention described by included models. Assessment of risk of bias: Not appropriate for modelling studies. Methods of data synthesis: Structured narrative review. Results: Models have mostly focused on acute care and long-term care facilities in high-income countries. Models have quantified outbreak risk across different types of individuals and facilities, showing great variation across settings and pandemic periods. Regarding surveillance, routine testing - rather than symptom-based testing - was highlighted as essential for COVID-19 prevention due to high rates of silent transmission. Surveillance impacts were found to depend critically on testing frequency, diagnostic sensitivity, and turn-around time. Healthcare re-organization was also found to have large epidemiological impacts: beyond obvious benefits of isolating cases and limiting inter-individual contact, more complex strategies such as staggered staff scheduling and immune-based cohorting reduced infection risk. Finally, vaccination impact, while highly effective for limiting COVID-19 burden, varied substantially depending on assumed mechanistic impacts on infection acquisition, symptom onset and transmission. Studies were inconsistent regarding which individuals to prioritize for interventions, probably due to the high diversity of settings and populations investigated. Conclusions: Modelling results form an extensive evidence base that may inform control strategies for future waves of SARS-CoV-2 and other viral respiratory pathogens. We propose new avenues for future models of healthcare-associated outbreaks, with the aim of enhancing their efficiency and contributions to decision-making.


Summary Rats fed a lysine-deficient diet ad libitum and injected subcutaneously twice daily with a lysine solution grew at about half the rate of rats receiving lysine in the diet. Rats fed ad libitum an isoleucine-de-ficient diet failed to respond when they were injected twice daily with an isoleucine solution. If rats were fed the isoleucine-deficient diet for a period of only 2 hours daily and were given subcutaneous injections of isoleucine at the end of feeding period their rate of growth was about one-third that of rats receiving isoleucine in the diet. Under the same conditions, injection of rats fed a diet high in leucine with isoleucine and valine resulted in a comparable improvement of growth. These observations indicate that the rate of catabolism of isoleucine is much faster than that of lysine in the rat and that the amount of an amino acid catabolized depends upon mode of administration.


A cold wave was accrued in mostly part of Xinjiang from April 6to 9,2001.In this weather process,strong wind and sharp drop in temperature were occured in all parts of eight counties a nd one city belonged to Akesu Region.Due to the production of numerical weather pre diction was right interpretation,t his weather process was predicted su ccessfully.The advantage of numerical weather pred iction is proved.


. The toxic effect of carbamate insecticide carbaryl on Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) larvae was examined. Insects appeared to be highly sensitive to it; numerous malfunctions and malformations were observed. The first ultrastructural alterations, including biological membrane swelling, nuclear condensation, and disintegration, and abnormalities around the mitochondria were observed even before massive mortality was noted. Scanning electron microscopy revealed changes in cuticle. Carbaryl depleted the wet weight of fat body mass and changed (in most of the cases elevated) the activity of antioxidant enzymes. The majority of these malformations are rather non-specific and are common among animals exposed to xenobiotics. However, they all suggest serious disruptions in metabolism, in addition to indicating that reactive oxygen species may play an important role in the toxic effect of carbaryl.


The aim of the present study is to theoretically develop an educational technology for the formation ofstudents' health-saving behavior by means of physical education. The article analyzes the main components of the technology, such as the purpose, objectives, and principles, as well as psychological and pedagogical conditions, including the contents, forms, methods and means of formation of health-saving behavior of university students. The expected results, as well as the criteria for evaluating the efficiency of the test process are given.


Abstract Debunking arguments are arguments that seek to undermine a belief or doctrine by exposing its causal origins. Two prominent proponents of such arguments are the utilitarians Joshua Greene and Peter Singer. They draw on evidence from moral psychology, neuroscience, and evolutionary theory in an effort to show that there is something wrong with how deontological judgments are typically formed and with where our deontological intuitions come from. They offer debunking explanations of our emotion-driven deontological intuitions and dismiss complex deontological theories as products of confabulatory post hoc rationalization. Through my discussion of Greene and Singer's empirically informed debunking of deontology, I introduce the distinction between two different types of debunking arguments. The first type of debunking argument operates through regular undercutting defeat, whereas the second type relies on higher-order evidence. I argue that the latter type of debunking argument, of which the argument from confabulation is an example, is objectionably sloppy and therefore inadmissible in academic discussion.


There are no international rules of competition. With less state interference, airlines are increasingly seeking unfair advantages through market-distorting business practices. Hence, fair competition is nowadays becoming a hot, crucial topic. The increasing commercial influence of non-European carriers seems to have caused serious concerns in the European Union. The European Commission sanctions infringement of the rules on state aid by EU airlines regardless whether injury actually occurred. There is a presumption that state aid as such distorts the internal market. Consequently, as a matter of principle, state aid – especially on a massive, disruptive scale – is incompatible with fair competition when it comes to third country airlines operating in the EU market. In addition to government support, there are other factors distorting fair competition and the level playing field in the aviation industry, meaning an urgent solution to the problem is needed. An instrument more appropriate and effective than Regulation (EC) 868/2004 needs to be developed to safeguard fair and open competition in the EU's external aviation relations. Ultimately, as the aviation industry is becoming increasingly global, we should explore the possibility of creating an international, truly global airline regulatory policy covering competition between airlines and an institution which would regulate global airline competition and create a level playing field for all.


The present invention relates to an optical lens and a method for manufacturing an antistatic coating with multiple layers. The coating is applied to a lens element. The optical lens has a lens element and a coating for producing an antistatic effect, said coating being applied onto the lens element and having a plurality of layers. The antistatic effect is provided by two layers adjoining one another, wherein the two layers adjoining one another are provided by a first substoichiometrically formed layer of TiOx, with x<2, and a second layer of Al2O3. The second layer is positioned above the first layer. According to the invention, the antistatic coating can be integrated into an anti-reflection coating of an optical lens simply with high cost efficiency.


Objective: This quantitative study described psycho social wellbeing in the midlife mothers of children with multiple disabilities. Method: Data was collected using interview schedules with 60 midlife women. Results: There is no difference between the socio demographic characters of respondents and psychosocial wellbeing. Discussion: This study concludes that disability throws a devastating impact when the midlife mothers face psychosocial problems, because they are the primary care givers. A problem affecting the mothers can affect the whole family. The mothers have to handle lots of task such as household works, looking after the family, going for job despite their multitasking ability. So, it might become difficult to handle certain situations in their life.


PURPOSE: To release the air between a roller surface and a moving web by forming a surface provided with spherical recessed parts on a thin nickel layer on a steel roller, and forming grooves to be communicated with each other having at least 50% the area of the surface of the steel roller of spherical recessed parts in a duplicate manner. CONSTITUTION: A nickel layer is formed on an approximately cylindrical metallic roller 16, the surface of the nickel layer is blasted through the steel shot to have approximately uniform depth, and a deep texture 20 provided with spherical recessed parts 22 and pointed projecting parts 24 most of which are at least locally duplicated is formed on the surface. The blasted surface is cut so that more than 50% of the pattern depth formed by the blasting process is not removed, the sharp pointed projecting parts are removed to form a raised part 30 on the surface. The raised part is surrounded by the grooves communicated with each other by the duplicated spherical recessed parts.


Malcolm Boyd's essay is the poorest in the collection. It is a hodge-podge of opinionated statements about a variety of subjects. His attack on mass evangelism, for example, may be justified, but why should it be included in a work of this kind? His suggestion that the churches make use of Motivation Research, as it has . been developed by Madison Avenue, is fraught with many dangers, as he himself recognizes.


Thermal barrier coatings have been successfully applied to the internal combustion engine, in particular the combustion chamber in order to simulate adiabatic changes.  The objectives are not only for reduced in-cylinder heat rejection and thermal fatigue protection of underlying metallic surfaces, but also for possible reduction of engine emissions and brake specific fuel consumption. The application of TBC reduces the heat loss to the engine cooling-jacket through the surface exposed to the heat transfer such as the cylinder head, liner, piston crown and piston rings. The insulation of the combustion chamber with ceramic coating affects the combustion process and, hence, the performance and exhaust emissions characteristics of the engines improve. On the other hand, the desire of increasing the thermal efficiency or reduce fuel consumption of engines leads to the adoption of higher compression ratios, in particular for diesel engines, and reduced in-cylinder heat rejection. Both of these factors cause increased mechanical and thermal stresses of materials used in combustion chamber The application of TBC to the surfaces of these components enhances high temperature durability by reducing the heat transfer and lowering temperature of the underlying metal. Typical TBCs failure is by spalling of the ceramic top coat from the bond coat.  There are many factors that influence the overall performance of coatings and cause spalling of the coating. However oxidation and thermal mismatch are identified as two major factors influencing the life of the coating system. The coatings are permeable to the atmospheric gases and liquids resulting in the oxidation of the bond coat and spalling of the coating. The functionally graded coatings were used to reduce the mismatch effect. Therefore the thermal expansion and interfacial stresses are an alternative approach to conventional thermal barrier coatings.In  this project,  the  main  emphasis  is  placed  on  the  study  of  thermal behaviour  of  functionally  graded  coatings  obtained  by  means  of  using  a commercial code, ANSYS on aluminium and steel piston surfaces and the results are verified with numerical and experimental works.