s of 16th Annual Meeting 365 reduction in the number of mature B lymphocytes and greatly reduced levels of serum immunoglobulin making him more susceptible to infectious diseases. The patient's virus was eventually identified at the Center for Disease Control with the anticipation that an effective antibody would be found and subsequently kill the virus with resulting improvement of the patient. Data from our subsequent testing conducted 6 months later will be presented. There is no research available documenting the impact of this virus or the neuropsychological effects of a possible anti-viral treatment. The purpose of this study is to determine the nature of the patient's neuropsychological deficits, monitor the degenerative course of this virus and the effectiveness of the anti-viral treatment. Data document continuing decline evident across standard measures as well as daily functioning abilities. McCarthy, F. M., Sellers, A. H., Burns, W. J., Smith, G., lvnik, R. J., & Malec, J. F. A Comparison of the Distributions of Demographically Estimated IQ Scores Using the Mayo Norms for Elderly Subjects. Using the Mayo Older Adult Normative sample (lvnik et al., 1992) as our data base we developed a regression model for predicting premorbid FSIQs for elderly adults. A number of the usual predictor demographic variables (i.e., occupation, race, and region) had no variability in the sample, and were not used. Age, years of education and gender were the only demographic variables which indeed showed variability, and hence were used as predictor variables in a stepwise procedure. The Mayo Norms Full Scale IQ served as the dependent variable. Education and gender both added significantly to the accounting of variance of IQ (p < .001). This model produced a statistically significant multiple R of .54 (p < .0001). The standard error of estimate for this model is 9.02, yielding a coefficient of alienation of .84. This is only slightly larger than the .81 produced by the Barona et al. (1984) model which was designed to predict traditional WAIS-R FSIQ, and used live predictor variables. However, the mean difference between lQs predicted by the Barona model and Mayo IQs was only .75 (SD = 9.05). This argues in favor of the continued use of the Barona model, even when assessing people older than the WAIS-R norm sample. McCarthy, K. J., Dralle, P. W., Baison, P. M., & Cambre, K. Classification Congruence Using Clinical Psychiatric Interview, Neuropsychological Tests, and MMP1 Personality Assessment in an HIV-I Seropositive Population. This multidisciplinary study examined the diagnostic congruence between clinical psychiatric interview, neuropsychological evaluation and personality assessment in an HIVI positive sample of 61 patients. At clinical interview all patients were classified into one of three diagnostic categories, A) HIV-related psychopathology, B) Non-HIV-related psychopathology or C) no psychopathology. Subsequent neuropsychological evaluation included indices of cognitive, memory and motoric impairment specifically the; Verbal Fluency Task (FAS): Trails Making Part A and B; Finger Tapping Test; Digit Symbol Test; The Shipley, Vocabulary, Abstraction and Conceptual Quotient Scores, as well as an age-adjusted neuropsychological deficit composite score. Indicators of psychopathology were assessed with the MMPI which included the validity and clinical scales and several subscales. ANOVA was utilized to examine the differences among diagnostic category, neuropsychological evaluation outcome and MMPI data. Duncan's Multiple Range Tests were also computed to further delineate significant differences. Participants were classified as follows: A) 18 subjects had HIVrelated psychiatric pathology; B) 18 subjects had non-HIV-related psychopathology; C) 25 subjects had no psychopathology. Trails (B), an indicator of mental flexibility and speed of information processing, was the only neuropsychological test which reached significance. This reflects agreement with other reports describing these functions as sensitive to HIVDownloaded from https://academic.oup.com/acn/article-abstract/12/4/365/4196 by guest on 29 July 2018 366 Abstracts of 16th Annual Meeting related impairment. The Duncan differentiated between Group A (HIV related psychopathology) and Group C (no psychopathology). Group B (non-HIV-related psychopathology) fell between Groups A and C. Other tasks approaching significance included the Trails (A) and the Shipley Conceptual Quotient scores. MMPI scores differentiating membership in Groups A and B (HIV-related and non-HIV related psychopathology) from membership in Group C (no psychopathology), included elevations on the following scales; (2) Depression; (7) Psychasthenia; (8) Schizophrenia; (0) Social Introversion; (Ca) Caudality; and (Dy) Dependency. Scores approaching significance included (A) Anxiety and (Es) Ego Strength. In summary, there appears to be little congruence between psychiatric classification and neuropsychological evaluation: however, personality assessment offered confirmation of psychopathology. McCrea, M., Randolph, C., Kelly, J., Kluge, J., & Aekley, B. A Standardized Approach to Assessment of Concussion in Football Players: Project Sideline The current study involved an investigation of the empirical validity and clinical utility of a brief standardized examination designed for use by athletic trainers and similar personnel in immediate, sideline assessment of football players suspected of sustaining a concussion during practice or games. Performance by concussive players on the examination was compared to that of a large group of nonconcussive controls. One-hundred forty-six high school varsity football players were studied. Of these, six players identified as having suffered a Grade 1 concussion, all during actual games, were tested by an athletic trainer immediately following the injury, while 141 players making up the control group were randomly selected by trainers and tests during the 1995 season. The sideline exam is designed to assess orientation, immediate memory, concentration, neurological functions (pupils, coordination, sensation), and delayed memory. Three forms of the exam were designed to allow follow-up testing to concussive players free of practice effects in order to track post-concussion recovery. The exam required approximately 5-10 minutes. Concussive players scored significantly poorer than controls on the immediate memory and delayed recall portions of the exam, as well as overall total exam score. No significant group effects were detected on the orientation, concentration, or neurological subtests. This study demonstrated the feasibility and clinical validity of a brief but comprehensive examination designed for the immediate sideline screening of football players suspected of concussion. Specifically, memory testing appears to be the most sensitive cognitive measure in detecting concussion, while more orientation testing in the classic sense of asking a player "where are you?" or "what is your name?" is not diagnostically informative in the case of mild concussion. Special considerations for testing of memory and concentration are discussed. Further study of larger samples of players on all competitive levels is necessary. Access to many teams within a single study is essential to assuring an adequate sample of concussive players. McDonough, M., Mahalick, D., & Greenberg, J.P. The Relationship of MRl Confirmation to the Presence and Pattern of Neuro-Psychological Deficits in a Case of Carbon Monoxide Toxicity. The purpose of this study is to illustrate the relationship of MRI supported ischemic changes in the globus pallidus bilaterally to the anticipated pattern of neuropsychological deficits, consequential to toxic levels of carbon monoxide (CO). A 75-year-old woman suffered CO exposure when a faulty exhaust pipe spewed fumes into the patient's apartment. The patient was found unresponsive and received direct oxygen (Of) on route to the hospital, where blood carboxyhemoglobin levels later revealed a significant CO elevation. An MRI scan revealed ischemic changes in the globus pallidus bilaterally, frequently seen in this type of exposure. The patient was discharged the same day, following return of blood levels to within Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/acn/article-abstract/12/4/365/4196 by guest on 29 July 2018


In the field of minimally invasive surgery, medical robotics has always been a hot research topic. In this paper, targeted puncture surgery is taken as the research object and a complete master-slave remote operation puncture system is constructed for the lack of force feedback information of the operator during the operation. The master-slave mapping and control system of the modification system were designed, and then a complete puncture force model was established in the puncture process. Finally, the effectiveness of the system was proved by master-slave following experiment and simulated puncture experiment, and the operator could perceive the precise feedback puncture force.


This article presents a measurement system enabling very low DC current detection/measurement over imposed on high AC current. The presented idea was realized and verified with laboratory measurements. The described DC current measurement system allows to detect mA direct currents in presence of (kA) alternating current amplitude. (Current detection/measurement system dedicated for high current power converters – compensation of alternating flux in magnetic circuit). The main purpose of the described DC current detection system, is to be applicable to industrial environment and manufacturing, providing clear information for the protection system. At this stage of development, the system is not designed and optimized for precise DC current measurement.


This study has as main objective to verify whether a relationship exists between the change in
stock price and accounting measures in sports bodies. In the theoretical basis is described the
importance of a football team, because it is no longer seen as just a sport but a number of
major corporations involved in negotiations millionaires. The IPO of some of these clubs can
generate foreign currency long-term capital, establishing new levels of revenue and helping to
strengthen the organization for their competitions. However, the behavior of the stock price of
a football team can not be parsed as an entity. Concerning the methodological procedures, this
study classifies descriptive, and the technique of data collection and analysis of documents,
which refers to the analysis of financial statements from 2002 to 2009 Juventus Football Club.
For treatment of the data, we used Excel in order to establish by simple and multiple linear
regression, a function that predicts this variation in relation to accounting issues or qualitative
measures (dummies), as sports performance in particular championship. From the use of this
procedure, it was found that the regression for this case was not satisfactory in any of the
hypotheses tested, each with different accounting variables, which can be considered for
sports bodies there are other factors that may influence variation in stock price.


. Anthropogenicdisturbancesduetoincreasingindustrialization,human population, and urbanization are reducing biodiversity worldwide. Over the past decades,Indonesiahasinvestedsignificanteffortinreforestationtocompensatefor thelossofforestresources,suchasthroughBiodiversityPark(TamanKEHATI) intheurbanareas.However,thespecificimpactofrevegetationonecological communitiesneedstobebetterunderstood.Toaddressthisknowledgegap,we investigatedbutterflies(Lepidoptera:Papilionoidea)communitiesintheKiara-PayungBiodiversityPark,quantifyingbothfunctionalandspeciesdiversity.We surveyed4transectsalongtheparkandfound41speciesfrom5familiesofbut-terflies.Transect3hasthemostdiversebutterflycommunityaccordingtothe Shannon-Wiener (3.12) and Simpson index (0.95). Meanwhile, functional diversity richness revealed that transect 3 has higher values than other transects. These results confirm the fact that transect 3 has the most successful revegetation area along the KiaraPayung Biodiversity Park.


he Synergy between Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) with Taxus and Cardiac Surgery (SYNTAX) score was developed to guide revascularization. It is computed using a sophisticated statistical model based on anatomical complexity and consists of the following 9 features: number of diseased vessels, location, left main lesion, triplevessel disease, chronic total occlusion (CTO), tortuosity, bi-/ trifurcation lesion, calcification, dominancy, and thrombus.1 Therefore, the score may correlate with the ischemic burden, but its degree depends on the component anatomical features.


Electric Vehicle (EV) is increasing day-by-day and replacing the conventional internal combustion engine in the transportation system. To charge the EVs multiple charging station is required. But charging of an EV is a challenging task mainly for the less availability of the electric vehicle charging station (EVCS) and its poor infrastructure. Hence, it is essential to find the optimal location of the EVCS and to determine its maximum permissible load (MPL) for those nodes of a radial distribution system (RDS) after satisfying the voltage security constraint. Allocation of the EVCS s affects the energy loss and voltage profile of the overall system. Therefore, solar distributed generation (DG) along with the EVCS is considered for reducing the energy loss. Therefore, in this paper, a modified forward backward sweep (MFBS) algorithm is proposed to find the MPL for a particular node for installing EVCS and simultaneously optimization is performed to determine the optimal location by minimizing the energy loss considering security constraints. As the load and solar PV output varies throughout the day, 2m-point estimation is applied for handling these uncertainties.


The County of Sacramento Transportation Division has been actively pursuing improved transportation management capabilities throughout the County. Through an established program, communication to the signalized intersections along major arterials and upgrade of the overall "core infrastructure" of the traffic operations system combined with a transportation management center (TMC) and improved field devices are envisioned. In addition, an advanced traveler information system, interface with other TMCS, as well as transit interface and integration are elements of this program. This program will result in fewer stops, reduced congestion and delay, as well as improved air quality. It will also improve the maintenance and incident response time significantly. The benefit for such improvements has been measured around the country for similar projects resulting in a "benefit-to-cost ratio" of more than 5 to 1 in most cases. A recent study in Los Angeles County revealed that an average traveler will save approximately $100/year in travel expense resulting from traffic operation improvements


Aiming at the importance of the cost management in projects,the paper analyzes some problems in some steps,such as the bidding,the evaluation,the construction and the examination by combining with the current situation of the cost management in projects,points out some measures to intensify the cost management in projects,so as to enhance the economic benefits and competitiveness of project enterprises.


Background: The Niger Delta region in Southern Nigeria is peculiar, not only for its oil and mineral resources, but also, for the adverse socio-environmental factors, which enhance the occurrence of communicable diseases like tuberculosis and Human Immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Because childhood tuberculous infection is a reflection of ongoing transmission in the community and can be reactivated as adult TB, which in turn maintains a chain of transmission, it is important to determine its incidence in this region.
Aims: To describe the pattern of paediatric tuberculosis at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital (UPTH), Port Harcourt, in the Niger Delta and the role, if any, of HIV co-infection in the cases.
Methods: A retrospective analysis of children diagnosed to have tuberculosis, using clinical data, tuberculin test and chest radiography, and managed at the UPTH from January 1, 2002 to October 31, 2005 was done.
Results: Out of 13,367 children aged 0-15 years who received care at UPTH during the period under review, 188 had tuberculosis. The median age of the tuberculosis cases was 2 years. Seventy six percent were under-fives and 53.2% HIV seropositive. Pulmonary tuberculosis (80.6%) was the commonest form of the disease. The proportional incidence of tuberculosis and HIV co-infection increased from 0.88% in 2002 to 87.5% in 2005.
Conclusions: Tuberculosis and HIV co-infection seems to be an emerging pattern of paediatric tuberculosis infection in Port Harcourt. There is therefore a need to screen all children with tuberculosis for the presence of HIV co-infection.
 Keywords : Childhood tuberculosis; HIV co-infection Port Harcourt Medical Journal Vol. 1 (2) 2007: pp.113-118


A load-bearing insulating structure for use in a high-temperature gas-cooled reactor (HTGR) was investigated. The structure was composed of dense ceramic materials in the form of circular pads arranged in a stack. Specifically, the test program was structured to investigate the isolation effectiveness of interface materials placed between the ceramic pads to reduce the effectiveness of mechanically induced loads. The tests were conducted at room temperature using tapered loading platens on single ceramic pads. Seventeen alumina specimens, representing two types of material and two thicknesses, were tested. Three interface material thicknesses were introduced using silica cloth and graphite foil. Pre- and post-test nondestructive examinations were conducted in an effort to identify potential damage-inducing anomalies in the ceramic pads. A total of 62 tests was conducted with all specimens eventually loaded to failure.


I Examination of complaints shows that the Division allocates its resources mainly to price fixing, with particular emphasis on collusion on bid rigging by small firms to developing cases of so-called shared monopoly, which frequently turned out to be price conspiracies. The shared monopoly concept has yet to prove itself in court. In addition, the Antitrust Division devotes perhaps 25 percent of its resources to challenging what it regards as anticompetitive policies of federal regulatory agencies. As Joel Davidow implied in 1968, the University of Chicago's second campus is in the Antitrust Division. Release, "Policy Planning at the Antitrust Division," June 16, 1968.


Conceptual bases and prospects of introduction of new forms of tax mutual relations of large business and fiscal bodies on the basis of introduction of a new model of cooperation – «horizontal monitoring» are considered. The main directions of the organization of introduction of this method in domestic tax practice are offered. The problem aspects regarding the full use of horizontal monitoring in the fiscal bodies of Ukraine are determined.


We present multifrequency VLBA observations of PMN J1632-0033, one of the few gravitationally lensed quasars suspected of having a central "odd" image. The central component has a different spectral index than the two bright quasar images. Therefore, either the central component is not a third image, and is instead the active nucleus of the lens galaxy, or else it is a third image whose spectrum is inverted by free-free absorption in the lens galaxy. In either case, we have more constraints on mass models than are usually available for a two-image lens, especially when combined with the observed orientations of the radio jets of the two bright quasars. If there is no third quasar image, the simplest permitted model is a singular isothermal sphere in an external shear field: β = 2.05 (2 σ), where ρ(r) ∝ r-β. If the central component is a third image, a hypothesis that can be tested with future high-frequency observations, then the density distribution is only slightly shallower than isothermal: β = 1.91 ± 0.02 (2 σ). We also derive limits on the size of a constant-density core, and the break radius and exponent of an inner density cusp.


API 546 3rd edition was written by users, consultants and manufacturers to provide a common performance standard for large Synchronous Machines. The standard is designed as a stand alone document listing the requirements of all aspects of a synchronous machine. When compared to earlier editions, this edition has various enhancements designed to make it easier to purchase or specify a more durable machine. It has new requirements in some areas such as excitation systems, frame vibration and insulation tests; plus improved sections concerning dynamic analysis and thermally induced vibration changes. To reduce the risk of confusion, it is required to be used with the supplied data sheets.


We describe a fast method for estimating flow through a porous medium with a heterogeneous permeability distribution. The main application is to contaminant transport in aquifers and recovery of oil by waterflooding, where such geological heterogeneities can result in regions of bypassed contaminants or oil. The extent of this bypassing is normally assessed by a numerical flow simulation that can take many hours of computer time. Ideally the impact of uncertainty in the geological description is then evaluated by the performing of many such simulations using different realizations of the permeability distribution. Obviously, a proper Monte Carlo evaluation may be impossible when the flow simulations are so computationally intensive. Consequently, methods from statistical mechanics, such as percolation theory and random walkers (such as diffusion-limited aggregation), have been proposed; however, these methods are limited to geological heterogeneities where the correlation lengths are smaller than the system size or to continuous permeability distributions. Here we describe a growth model that can be used to estimate the breakthrough time of the water (and hence the sweep efficiency) in most types of geologically heterogeneous rocks. We show how the model gives good estimates of the breakthrough time of water at the production well in a fraction of the time needed to perform a full flow simulation.


This paper presents the concepts, architecture, and features of a tool for instrumenting parallel and distributed systems. This capability will be useful in evaluating alternative architectures and strategies for distributing application software, detecting performance bottlenecks, quantifying and fine-tuning real-time performance, detecting and isolating behavior anomalies, and characterizing the behavior of specific algorithms under desired stimulation conditions. The Honeywell instrumentation system provides a flexible capability for selecting and customizing existing instrumentation functions, synthesizing new instrumentation functions, and tailoring/scaling instrumentation to a particular architecture or application domain.


[Objective] To explore the cellular location of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH),detect the gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor (GnRH-R) in hypophysis of Guangxi swamp buffaloes and provide a theoretical basis for cloning and sequence analysis of GnRH-R gene. [Method] The location and expression of GnRH in hypophysis of Guangxi swamp buffaloes were determined by using immunohistochemical ABC method and image analysis. The GnRH-R gene fragment was amplified by real-time PCR. [Result] Many positive GnRH cells were detected in adenohypophysis,the positive substances were mainly distributed in cytoplasm and it was negative in nuclei. There was no positive signal in neurohyppohsis. Meanwhile,the GnRH-R gene fragment was amplified with 1 008 bp in size. [Conclusion] A large number of GnRH and GnRH-R exist in the pars distalis of adenohypophysis,which indicates that the anterior hypophysis plays an important role in the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis and the interaction of multiple endocrine axes.


The major development of fingerprint technology in the form of wet-ink fingerprinting was initiated and improved for forensic applications by Scotland Yard about 100 years ago. In recent years, new fingerprinting methods such as live scan and contactless methods were developed and continue to evolve. Now-a-days, compatibility between three fingerprinting libraries, namely wet-ink, live-scan and contactless becomes to be a critical problem. The large numbers of people travelling and crossing the borders are subjected to fingerprinting. The database of travelers is much larger than criminal one. In this environment, the need to produce speedy comparison results starts to be problematic because it is done by human operator to provide reliable judgment. From the technical standpoint, fingerprinting methods have improved rapidly to an extent where wet-ink fingerprinting has now been replaced by computer scanner generated images of finger, i.e. digital imaging, and recently developed contactless line scan. In current study, we developed certain steps which will make contactless fingerprints comparable to fingerprints in the other two libraries. The proposed steps are applicable to any contactless fingerprinting technique. The rate of success in comparing these three libraries is 82%. The somewhat low accuracy is introduced by the fact that in the contactless methods the position of the finger is free and not necessarily repeatable. To the contrary, contact based wet-ink and digital imaging do handle a finger in the same repeatable position. Therefore, improving designs of holders for examined fingers in contactless setting should improve the rate of success.


Information support is the most important constituent that contributes to quality in agricultural education, research, extension and development. To support agricultural sector of the region, Kerala Agricultural University under the initiative of Dr. A.M. Michael the Vice Chancellor has developed during 1995-98 an information system named KAULIS which can pool and share traditional and digitised information resources available at various agricultural centres spread over the State as well as permit access to the resources from anywhere. The article presents the system which has built up information base in traditional and digital form on; genetic engineering, animal cell culture and virology, plant tissue culture, photosynthesis, and plant molecular biology, oncogenes, reproduction physiology, cell transformation, nucleic acid and protein sequences, immunology, enzyme engineering, immobilised biocatalysts, microbial fermentation and bioprocess engineering etc. The paper discusses in detail most important specialized section of the system meant for providing services to farmers.


When the RoCKIn project was conceived, the RoCKIn consortium decided to have a pool of external experts who will observe the project and provide feedback and advice. When we were asked to be part of this pool, we accepted enthusiastically. The reason for our enthusiasm was simple: benchmarking robots is a difficult task, but we must learn how to tackle it if we want to advance the field. The goal might be clear, but the methods to achieve the goal are open for interpretation. Adapting an existing benchmark is cumbersome. RoCKIn aimed to provide a way to explore possibilities and to provide a new way of thinking about benchmarking robots. Because of this, our intuition was that RoCKIn was one of those few projects that can contribute to redefine the fabric of robotic research, in order to align it both with our increased scientific expectations and with the new demands from the industry. We wanted to follow this adventure closely.


We consider a modified gravity model of the form $ f(R,\phi)=R e^{h(\phi)R} $, where $\phi$ is a non-interacting massive scalar field. We show that the conformal transformation of this model to Einstein frame leads to non-canonical kinetic term and negates the advantage of the Einstein frame. We obtain exact solutions for the background and show that the model leads to inflation with exit. We obtain scalar and tensor power-spectrum in Jordan frame and show that the model leads to blue-tilt. We discuss the implications of the same in the light of cosmological observations.


In the context of the information age, education should pay great attention to the application of information technology so that it can fully play its role in education and improve the effectiveness of education and teaching. However, based on the actual level, it analyzes the actual situation of college Japanese teaching at this stage, determines that the teaching effect is not good, which cannot meet the characteristics of the information age. Based on this, this paper focuses on the analysis of the necessity of Japanese teaching reform under the information age, discusses how to promote the reform of Japanese teaching in the age of informationization, and puts forward feasible opinions, hoping to help improve the level of Japanese teaching in universities.


Review of the trends in building energy modelling and simulation. Includes discussion on combined thermal/lighting and CFD simulation, advanced glazings, indoor air quality and photovoltaic components.


Recently, the ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes has produced world's first cloned buffalo in the field, named Sach-Gaurav, on 22 December 2017. In addition to being the world's first cloned buffalo born in the field, this is also India's first cloned calf of Assamese buffalo; earlier only Murrah breed of buffaloes was cloned. A small tail tissue of Assamese buffalo was airlifted from the College of Veterinary Science, Guwahati (which is 2000 km away from our cloning laboratory) to establish the cultures of donor cells. This proves that distant and remote animals can be cloned. A singlet method of embryo reconstruction has been used, with one recipient oocyte instead of two (a standard Indian version of animal cloning method). It is a step towards simplification of animal cloning technique, and this approach can reduce the mitochondrial heteroplasmy in cloned calves. Ovaries of Murrah buffalo were used as a source of recipient oocytes, indicating that oocytes from one breed of buffaloes can reprogramme donor cells of other breeds. Also, the Murrah buffalo can serve as a surrogate mother for other buffalo breeds. India is distinguished for its achievements in the field of buffalo cloning research and the country has produced more than 20 cloned buffaloes. The buffalo, popularly called India's Black Gold, is the only species in the country that has benefited from an emerging animal cloning technique. In 2009, India produced the first cloned buffalo at the ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute (NDRI), Karnal, Haryana. In 2015, the ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes (CIRB), Hisar, Haryana, cloned a buffalo-breeding bull to become the second centre to produce cloned buffalo. At present, CIRB and NDRI are the two institutes in India, which have demonstrated the success of animal cloning technique through which the world's first mammal (Dolly) was cloned. Buffalo cloning is an advanced assisted reproductive technique, in which a single somatic cell is electrically fused with an enucleated oocyte to produce the transferable blastocyst stage embryos. The laboratory-produced cloned blastocysts need to be transferred into recipient buffaloes to produce viable cloned calves. Earlier, all cloned buffaloes were produced in the animal farm associated with the research institute, close to the embryo production laboratory; therefore, stress-free transportation of highly sensitive cloned embryos was easy, before they were actually transferred into the womb of recipient buffaloes. In addition, the monitoring of recipients and pregnant buffaloes in the institute animal farm was easy as they are usually located close to the institute campus. Since the initiation of buffalo cloning in India from 2009 onwards, research is underway to transfer cloning technology to the farmer's doorstep. Keeping this in mind, we have worked on producing cloned buffaloes in the field. And, recently, we have produced a cloned buffalo at the Hi-tech Sach Dairy Farm, Sirsa, Haryana, which is about 100 km from our cloning laboratory (Figure 1). The produced clone maintains good health and its physiological parameters such as blood hematological parameters, respiration rate, body temperature and heart rate are within the recommended healthy range for buffalo. The calf's genotype was confirmed by microsatellite analysis (parentage verification) and no numerical chromosome abnormalities were detected (n = 50). The Hi-tech Sach Dairy Farm played a vital role by providing a sufficient number of recipient buffaloes for cloned embryo transfer, and also in the management of pregnant buffaloes and care of the cloned calf. This success has realized the concept of 'Lab-to-Land' to transfer agricultural and allied technologies to the farmer's field. Thus cloning technology can be used as a valuable breeding tool to complement the artificial insemination to improve buffalo germplasm in the country.


This thesis considers two major issues in the context of empirical research into the U K stock market: (i) what is the ability of five models (the naive market return, the market model, the CAPM, the APT, and the LAPT) for predicting the U K stock market price behaviour and (ii) does the U K stock market have long-term overreaction

Chapter 2 reviews the literature of some financial topics In Chapter 3, an asset pricing model called the Leveraged Asset Pricing Theory (LAPT) is developed Unifying the Arbitrage Pricing Theory and the Modigliani and Miller Theory of capital structure, the model allows the changes in the underlying leverage variable of each company at time t-l to have immediate impact on its beta estimated at time t. The predictive experimental procedures are designed, in Chapter 4, to examine the ability of the LAPT and other conventional models with different beta estimates to predict U K equity returns Through the estimation procedures, the Trade-to-Trade and the Discount Weighted Estimation methods, based on Bayesian Forecasting, are used to avoid the problems of the nontrading effect and variation in parameters, respectively. The results, in Chapter 5, showed that when the year 1987 is added to the test, the predictive ability of both the APT and the LAPT becomes higher and the LAPT, which makes explicit the leverage factor in its structure, does even better job than the APT in market valuations around that period as more common factors are extracted for the LAPT

Based on the controversial work of De Bondt and Thaler (1985), Chapter 6 examines the long-term overreaction behaviour of the U K stock market for the period 1965 to 1993. After relating the findings of this empirical study to the predictive ability of those benchmarks (the naive model, the market model, the CAPM, and the size-adjusted CAPM) used, the results indicate that the apparent evidence for overreaction depends upon the benchmark employed The better the benchmark in terms of high predictive power and low statistical measurement error the less we are unable to reject the null hypothesis of no overreaction We find that we are unable to reject the hypothesis of U K stock market efficiency with respect to the Contrarian Investment Strategy of De Bondt and Thaler.


The dynamic stability of electrically conducting beam-plates in transverse magnetic fields is considered in this paper. A concise theory of flexural vibration of magnetoelastic plates immersed in transverse magnetic fields is presented first. The dynamic stability of a beam-plate is then examined without making a priori assumptions about its magnetic property. In contrast to the writer's earlier work, where a beam plate is subjected to an external axial load in the presence of a longitudinal magnetic field, an axial force arises naturally from the magnetoelastic interaction in the form of surface traction. The magnetic damping due to the induced eddy current is also included in the analysis. Two nondimensional parameters are introduced and the stability of a simply supported beam-plate is examined as a function of these parameters. It is shown that three stability regions exist. Critical fields are obtained explicitly and discussed in some detail.


Chronic ossified epidural hematoma is an uncommon complication of ventricular shunt operation, and bilateral chronic ossified epidural hematoma was rare to reported in the literature. We report a 35-year-old man with triventricular hydrocephalus was treated with a ventriculoperitoneal shunt but presenting with chronic epidural hematoma at 3 days reexamination after operation. At that time, the doctors did not pay much attention and surgery for it. With 19 years severe headache, the epidural hematoma increasing gradually and calcification constantly, the chronic ossified epidural hematoma was removed after he arrived in our department. Although the use of high or medium pressure valves, valves with an antisiphon device, adjustable pressure valves or flow control valves have been recommended to prevent this complication in previous reports, it was seen that our case had been treated with a medium pressure flow control valve.


This paper presents a new wireless network sy.wm implemented on trains. This nehvork system provides communicatio~i sewices ,for data tran.sfir and system manugement roefiil Jbr infornrotion tran.~mi.ssion and train monitoring. It i . ~ hused on the Bliietrioth technolos. ~vhich i . ~ iised to inte~connecf the varions train cars to the locomotive. Every nehvork node is composed hy a powe~firl embedded sjsrem reqriired to control the Blnrtooth nehvork inrerfirce. We developed hoth hardware architecture and sojtx.are desigti of this emhedded sy.stem. which allows to 'achieve a,f& mid @cient implementation of'the protocols and a1gorith;is drsigned for the commiinication system management. Index terms Bluetooth technology, embedded system, logistics, wireless.


A hardware design scheme based on FPGA is presented to realize fuzzy-PID compound controller.The controller,which combines good flexibility built by fuzzy-PID controller with the real-time characters built by FPGA well,can be restructured as multi-channel controller to real-time solve the problem of multi-channel fuzzy-PID compound controller.By VHDL simulation,the improved version is proved to be effective.


The right of plea bargaining is naturally from the right of discretion possessed by the prosecution organs. The system of plea bargaining has well developed both in the USA which is from the Anglo-American Legal System, and in Germany, from the Continental Legal System. The recognition in Chinese Criminal Procedure Law of the doctrine of prosecuting discretion and the entitlement of the right to withdraw or change prosecution for prosecutorial organs has provided a sound theoretical foundation for the application of plea bargaining system which will possibly, in this author's point of view, be applied in future legal practice.


AC impedance spectroscopy was used to investigate the ionic conductivity of solution cast poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO)/poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) blends doped with lithium perchlorate. At low PEO contents (below overlap weight fraction w*), ionic conductivities are almost low. This could be due to nearly distant PEO chains in blend, which means ion transportation cannot be performed adequately. However, at weight fractions well above w*, a significant increase in ionic conductivity was observed. This enhanced ionic conductivity mimics the PEO segmental relaxation in rigid PMMA matrix, which can be attributed to the accelerated motions of confined PEO chains in PMMA matrix. At PEO content higher than 20 wt % the conductivity measured at room temperature drops due to crystallization of PEO. However by increasing temperature to temperatures well above the melting point of PEO, a sudden increase of conductivity was observed which was attributed to phase transition from crystalline to amorphous state. The results indicate that some PEO/PMMA blends with well enough PEO content, which are structurally solid, can be considered as an interesting candidate for usage as solid-state electrolytes in Lithium batteries.


This article is devoted to the analysis of the development of national traditional handicraft in Uzbekistan over the years of independence. During this period, the demand and interest in the scientific study of national handicrafts, as well as various areas and branches of arts and crafts as an integral part, increased significantly. All the necessary legal and material conditions created by the Government of the Republic are a powerful incentive for the development of this industry in an evolutionary way, and such provides for the topicality of its scientific research. The article deals with measures taken to restore handicrafts, develop national handicrafts in the region, create mentoring schools about some problems and ways to resolve them in the national handicraft industry, the impact of global progressive processes on this area, as well as the prospects for handicrafts. GJHSS-D Classification: FOR Code: 430111 ChangesinModernUzbekNationalCrafts Global Journal of HUMAN-SOCIAL SCIENCE: D History, Archaeology & Anthropology Volume 20 Issue 1 Version 1.0 Year 2020 Type: Double Blind Peer Reviewed International Research Journal Publisher: Global Journals Online ISSN: 2249-460x & Print ISSN: 0975-587X Strictly as per the compliance and regulations of: Changes in Modern Uzbek National Crafts


The Golden Bough written by Frazer was developed by an old custom,which appeared in the lakeside of NeiMi.Fraser cited folk customs and legends that appeared in the world as his examples.He explained the relationships among the magic,early human cultural life and religions in the book. The old custom is very important and is the foundation of the work's whole system.But it has a deadly mistake in the replace of the pontifex,thus makes the conclusions made by Fraser to be not convincing.


Recently,many network disputes events have exposed the imperfection of the legal system in network market.In this paper,a deep anlaysis of the problems of the network market combining with the theory of anitimonopy law is conducted,pointing out that define the two big monopoly constitutive requirements of dominant market position and abuse the control position of the shortcomings of the antimonopoly law provisions,and combined with the advanced legislative experience of Europe put forward some Suggestions on perfecting.


Early identification and management of aspiration associated with oral intake will help contribute to the best possible outcome for infants and children who have airway protection issues with swallowing. Though the incidence and prevalence of aspiration specifically related to swallowing dysfunction across medical conditions in the pediatric population is unknown, there is accumulating evidence of swallowing-related aspiration in infants and children with diagnoses that include structural abnormalities of the upper airway, central nervous system abnormalities, and progressive neurological disease. Chronic aspiration is associated with compromised respiratory health, progressive lung disease, bronchiectasis, and respiratory failure; thus, early detection and appropriate management is crucial. Determining the etiology and effect of aspiration is complex, and multiple evaluations are often required. This article will focus on instrumental studies of swallowing physiology used in the diagnosis and management ...


Concurrent engineering in product modelling aims at developing a comprehensive practical model capable of driving design, manufacturing, assembly, maintenance and recycling activities. In this paper, an application of fuzzy logic to a Design for Assembly methodology is introduced. The main objective is to compute the assembly efficiency of a product from boundary representation geometric models and a minimal technological database. This work is based on the well-known Boothroyd–Dewhurst methodology for studying manual and automated assemblies. The use of a fuzzy decision support system involves the representation of this method by fuzzy sets. Each part of a product has to undergo computation of its handling and insertion efficiencies, as well as an evaluation of its relevance to the assembly. This evaluation process depends on geometric and technological criteria. The designer may experience difficulties in making a choice when there are several adequate solutions for every part. This paper demonstrates that a decision support system approach significantly improves the Boothroyd–Dewhurst methodology. The proposed approach is flexible and it can be applied to specific products.


The use of platinum drugs in antitumour therapy is well established. An important drawback of these chemotherapeutics is the lack of selectivity for tumour cells, usually resulting in severe toxic side effects. A glucuronyl-platinum conjugate was designed and synthesised to test the compatibility of platinum compounds with beta-glucuronidase-based prodrug therapy. Instantaneous cleavage of the beta-glucuronic bond in the glucuronyl-platinum conjugate was observed upon addition of beta-glucuronidase resulting in Pt(II)(dach)(4-hydroxybenzylmalonate) and glucuronic acid.


Wyner-Ziv video coding is committed to the compression of video with low computing resources. Since the encoding may stop at any time for mobile devices with limited computing resources and bandwidth, it is also desirable to have the scalable Wyner-Ziv video coding. The bit-plane coding is an inherent solution of scalable video coding. However, the conventional bit-plane representation in hybrid video coding does not work well in the scenario of Wyner-Ziv coding. Since the bit-plane representation is closely related to quantization, we propose a new bit-plane representation with optimal quantization at any bit-plane in terms of Wyner-Ziv coding. In particular, for the DCT-domain Wyner-Ziv video coding, the distribution of DCT coefficients and the conditional distribution given side information can be modeled with symmetric Laplacian functions. Accordingly, a simplified adaptive bit-plane representation is proposed without pre-knowing the Laplacian distribution parameters. A DCT-domain scalable Wyner-Ziv video coding scheme is then developed, in which the encoding can stop at any bit-plane and the bit-stream can also be flexibly truncated. The testing has shown that there is no performance penalty due to the unpredicted bit-plane truncation.


Hyperspectral Image (HSI) is widely popular nowadays for its ability to contain huge information about a scene. Unlike RGB (Red-Green-Blue) image, HSI is an image with hundreds and more spectral bands, due to which it's possible to identify the smallest differences between objects. But the huge number of dimensions or spectrum leads to problem like "Hughes Phenomenon" or "Curse of Dimensionality". It causes if the amount of data doesn't increase with the increase of dimension. In this paper we used supervised Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA), a popular dimensionality reduction approach as a preprocessing step to remove irrelevant spectral information. Then for classification, we used a combination of 2D-3D CNN with mish activation function. With the rise of convolutional neural network, an immense improvement in image processing technology specially in the hyperspectral image processing sector has been brought. Most of the methods include 2D CNN which makes inter-band correlations of HSI underutilized. But HSI needs both spatial and spectral information to be monitored. For spectral information analysis, 3D CNN is the best option but it's costly. So we propose a method that has applied feature extraction method LDA on the dataset Indian Pine and University of Pavia and after that, classified the data using 2D-3D Convolutional Neural Network with mish activation function. The results are compared with other available alternatives. The experimental results indicate our model is best among these with the average accuracy of approximately 94% for Indian Pine and 98% for Pavia University dataset using 5% training data.


Cargo transportation is no longer a narrow concern of those within the industry. Supply chain issues are being more widely debated. However, the real economic costs and risks of supply chain congestion in the global economy are not being tallied and are therefore understated as key inputs for policy makers. A greater awareness and understanding of the costs of supply chain congestion, disruption and uncertainty is needed by governments and the private sector to justify urgently needed transportation infrastructure investments, as well as the implementation of new operating practices that expand system capacity in a timely manner. This paper adopts a case study approach to examine the "congestion tax" on logistics. Many years have been spent transforming logistics from a "push" to a "pull" system to reduce inventories, drive down logistics costs and improve customer service. Modern logistics now critically depends on tight distribution schedules and reliable, consistent transportation performance. Yet supply chain bottlenecks increase inventories, cause production delays and add to the costs of imports/exports. This paper explores these impacts from the perspective of shippers and the Canadian economy and identifies some of the policy implications.


Microwave curing of repair patches provides an energy efficient technique for rapid concrete repair. It has serious economic potential due to time and energy saving especially for repairs in cold weather which can cause work stoppages. However, the high temperatures resulting from the combination of microwave exposure and accelerated hydration of cementitious repair materials need to be investigated to prevent potential durability problems in concrete patch repairs. This paper investigates the time and magnitude of the peak hydration temperature during microwave curing (MC) of six cement based concrete repair materials and a CEM II mortar. Repair material specimens were microwave cured to a surface temperature of 40-45 °C while their internal and surface temperatures were monitored. Their internal temperature was further monitored up to 24 hours in order to determine the effect of microwave curing on the heat of hydration. The results show that a short period of early age microwave curing increases the hydration temperature and brings forward the peak heat of hydration time relative to the control specimens which are continuously exposed to ambient conditions (20 °C, 60% RH). The peak heat of hydration of normal density, rapid hardening Portland cement based repair materials with either pfa or polymer addition almost merges with the end of microwave curing period. Similarly, lightweight polymer modified repair materials also develop heat of hydration rapidly which almost merges with the end of microwave curing period. The peak heat of hydration of normal density ordinary Portland cement based repair materials, with and without polymer addition, occurs during the post microwave curing period. The sum of the microwave curing and heat of hydration temperatures can easily exceed the limit of about 70 °C in some materials at very early age, which can cause durability problems.


In this paper,in 2008 the Third Symposium of "China-German dialogue",the main agenda and participants held a major point of view,the summary of the market economy order competition,antitrust practice,competition policy and antitrust,competition the role and performance,the context of globalization of Chinese competition policy issues.


Many osteoblastic cell lines are currently in use, but these have limitations either in terms of their relevance to adult human biology and disease or in terms of their suitability for biochemical and molecular analyses. Consequently, we undertook the development of conditionally transformed adult human osteoblastic cell lines. Osteoblasts were obtained from a normal explant cancellous bone chip culture. These cells were infected with adenovirus‐ori− SV40 tsA 209, which encodes a temperature‐sensitive large T‐antigen mutant. Cells immortalized with this virus express a transformed phenotype at the permissive temperature of 34°C but revert to a normal phenotype at the nonpermissive temperature of 40°C. Using this approach, we have isolated several cell clones and describe the characterization of one that was designated HOB‐02‐C1. Immunocytochemistry revealed that >95% of the cells express the large T‐antigen at both temperatures. These cells exponentially proliferate at 34°C with a doubling time of ˜2 days but irreversibly stop dividing at 40°C. However, cell volume increases >2‐fold when the cells are maintained for 6 days at the higher temperature. This clone expresses α1 type (I) procollagen mRNA and secretes type I procollagen C‐peptide at both temperatures, although the levels were slightly elevated at 40°C. The cell line expresses alkaline phosphatase activity at 34°C, and the basal level of this enzyme increases 2‐ to 6‐fold at 40°C. Alkaline phosphatase activity is induced 4‐ to 8‐fold by 1α,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D3 (vitamin D3) at both temperatures, but transforming growth factor‐β1 (TGF‐β1) suppresses enzyme expression >90% at 40°C. Vitamin D3 also induces a 10‐fold increase in osteocalcin secretion when the clone is maintained at 34°C, and this induction is enhanced > 8‐fold at 40°C. Parathyroid hormone and forskolin stimulate a 4‐ to 6‐fold increase in the production of intracellular cyclic AMP (cAMP) by the cells at 34°C, and this stimulation is enhanced 2‐ to 4‐fold at 40°C. In contrast, prostaglandin E2 stimulates a 7‐ to 8‐fold increase in cAMP only when the cells are maintained at 34°C. This cell line secretes TGF‐β1 and interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) at 34°C, but only the basal secretion of IL‐6 increases 70% at 40°C. Finally, alizarin red‐S histochemical staining demonstrates that these cells produce mineralized nodules at both temperatures. In summary, the results of this study indicate that the HOB‐02‐C1 cells have a mature osteoblastic phenotype. Consequently, this new cell line and others obtained in a similar fashion should be valuable in vitro tools for cellular, biochemical, and molecular studies of adult human osteoblast biology.


The transmission-type measurement of the Q-factor of a reentrant cavity is used to determine unloaded Q_u from the measured loaded Q_l by the 3 dB three frequencies method together with insertion loss at the maximum output.Also,the one-port reflection technique is used to determine unloaded Q_u from the resonant frequency and the bandwidth measured at the x dB point, as well as the magnitudes of the input reflection coefficient measured at both resonant frequency and x dB return loss for the same reentrant cavity.The arithmetic mean Q_u was evaluated to be 2519±34 tested under the 40 various couplings at frequency 500MHz by using transmission and reflection techniques.Finally,these techniques are applied to the realization and tuning of that the input and output couplings are identical to each other for a transmission-mode resonator.Meanwhile, the selection of Q-factor values in measurements of complex permittivity of dielectric materials is discussed.


Red palm weevil (RPW), Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Oliver is one of the insects that attack date palm trees directly and cause its death. This infection poses serious economical consequences in Saudi Arabia and other gulf countries. RPW assimilates the components of palm tree tissues. Significant amount of microbiota in the gut of RPW may contribute to success of its pathogenesis. This study explored the nature of microbiota in RPW by culture-dependent and molecular-based techniques using PCR and sequencing analysis. Larvae of RPW were fed on an artificial diet and were fixed before opening its gut for microbial cultivation on enrichment media. Pure cultures were obtained after incubating the plates at different atmospheric conditions (aerobic, and strictly anaerobic). The majority of isolated microbiota observed were aerobes and facultative anaerobes (Bacillus sp., Salmonella sp., Enterococcus sp., and Xanthomonas sp.). These qualitative differences of bacteria, suggest the presence of a complex ecosystem in the gut of RPW. Subsequently, bacterial DNAs were extracted from pure cultures for definitive molecular identifications. Hot start-touchdown PCR was performed to amplify regions within 16S rDNA. Amplicons were cloned into the TOPO-TA vector for sequencing. The data reveal to some extent that aerobic and facultative anaerobic bacteria are more distributed in the gut of RPW.


This article attempts a longer-term explanation of South Africa's transition from apartheid to democracy. The concept of a change in the balance of power in South Africa in the 20th century is utilised for this purpose. South Africa's transition is defined as the ultimate consequence of a clash between the political constructs (or 'ideological terms' in the words of Gerrit Viljoen) of apartheid and prevailing economic realities. It is argued here that the political superstructure of apartheid was implemented to impose certain strictly political interventionist measures over and above the general structural economic concerns (or the 'realistic and pragmatic terms' as described by Gerrit Viljoen) of the South African economy. In order therefore to explain the democratic transition in South Africa, this article outlines the crucial nexus between the regressive economic structures and performance of the South African economy and the overbearing political superstructures of apartheid.


Science is compared with religion as methodologically different means of knowledge of the world. A comparative evaluation of peculiarities of object, subject, purposes, methodology, types of verity being attained and ways of obtained results control in science and religion is made.


Abstract. High resolution WorldView-2 images were used for compiling maps of landscape-morphologic structure for the Southern part of Anapa sand bar at the Black Sea coastal zone. At the base of field and cameral stereoscopic interpretation of images in scale 1:2000 maps of landscape-morphological structure in scale 1:5000 were compiled for 8 parts of sand bar between settlements Vityazevo and Anapa. The maps show different degree of sand bar landscapes degradation coused by anthropogenic ipact and variations of aeolian processes.


Abstract Alkyl substituted chromium Fischer carbene complexes react with 1,1-diphenylallene in the presence of rhodium(I) catalysts (10 mol%) to yield highly substituted dienyl indenone derivatives. In this process a catalytic chromium(0)–rhodium(I) exchange occurs, four new C–C bonds are created, and four-components (two allenes, the carbene ligand and one CO ligand) are joined in a chemo- and regioselective manner.


Using game theory,this paper builds licensing game models respectively, and mainly analyzes licensing game problems between outside innovator and potential licensee with complete information and with moral hazard.Comparing equilibrium solution with expectable income,the paper makes a result that license contract with two-part tariff may be the optimal licensing strategy choosed by outside innovator and potential licensee in the case of moral hazard.


By now,track and field group curriculum has been replaced by self-chosen curriculum under the ideology of 'happy sports' and 'life sports'.However,the cultivating objectives in physical education universities are not on line with the current situation.So,how to create a multi-function curriculum to meet the need is important for graduates with physical education major.Through the contents and duration of athletic curriculum,arrangement and program training methods were applied in practice.


Schmitz, B., Specht, M., & Klemke, R. (2012). An Analysis of the Educational Potential of Augmented Reality Games for Learning. In M. Specht, J. Multisilta, & M. Sharples (Eds.), Proceedings of the 11th World Conference on Mobile and Contextual Learning 2012 (pp. 140-147). October, 16-18, 2012, Helsinki, Finland.


This panel session will feature a discussion of the challenges inherent in digital government research projects due to their interdisciplinary nature and practice-based settings. We aim to offer a future-oriented perspective that rests on an open discussion of past and current experiences, with a special focus on the key issues that make (or break) digital government research projects.


This paper synthesises the implications of recent statistical evidence regarding inflation persistence in the euro area. For aggregate data, the degree of inflation persistence appears to be very high for sample periods spanning multiple decades but falls dramatically once we allow for time variation in the mean level of inflation; furthermore, the timing of these breaks in mean generally coincides with observed shifts in the monetary policy regime. Finally, sectoral inflation series exhibit much less persistence than aggregate inflation, mainly because of the influence of transitory sector-specific shocks. (JEL: E31, C22, C43) (c) 2006 by the European Economic Association.


Measurement error causes a downward bias when estimating a panel data linear regression model. The panel data context offers various opportunities to derive moment conditions that result in consistent GMM estimators. We consider three sources of moment conditions: (i) restrictions on the intertemporal covariance matrix of the errors in the equations, (ii) heteroskedasticity and nonlinearity in the relation between the error-ridden covariate and another, error-free, covariate in the equation, and (iii) nonzero third moments of the covariates. In a simulation study we show that these approaches work well.


This study is aimed to present childrens pictorial possibility by comparison and analysis of modem arts. The sudden changes of the mid 20th century has caused arts to face the realm of the uncertain. Instead of a stable paradigm, a realization of extra dimensional images, modem art has challenged the existing tradition. The post-modem outlook has the tendency to deny logos-centered one. It replaces modernism which has the sense of a pivotal role. A series of movements has tried to destroy aura and originality. This study concentrates on contemporary pictorial possibilities by looking at the connection between the deconstruction and in childrens art and the tendencies of modem art, which reflect the current times. Accordingly, tins study tries to find a common pictorial homogeneity by the comparison of adults and childrens paintings. A homogeneity, but distinguished in content and formality. The theoretical basis for this study is childrens artistic elements which are postmodernism, deconstructionism and the theory of chaos. This study compares various phenomena of adult art and childrens arts. It presents desirable teaching methods for childrens art. This study tries to change our viewpoint regard to understanding modem art and childrens art through comparison and analysis.


A new service robot designed for cleaning tasks in home environments is introduced. Robot systems will work directly with people in this area, thus placing a central importance on making interactions between people and machines as natural as possible. The main focus of this paper is on the development of a gesture based intuitive programming approach which allows the robot to be easily used by nonexperts. As an application example the task of cleaning the workspace in a kitchen area is considered. Gesture recognition and context sensitive interpretation, complete coverage planning as well as motion planning of the mobile manipulator which are the key functionalities to perform the task are highlighted.


Objective To investigate the expressions of chemokine receptor CXCR4 and CCR7 in thyroid cancer and its clinicopathologic significance. Methods Fifty-five patients with thyroid cancer were selected in the Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College from 2006 to 2009,and 30 patients with thyroid adenoma were selected in the same hospital during 2009.The expressions of CXCR4 and CCR7 were detected in all the selected cases samples(including thyroid cancer and thyroid adenoma) by immunohistochemical SP technique. Results The positive expression rates of CXCR4 and CCR7 in the thyroid cancer were higher than those in the thyroid adenoma(P0.01),which in the thyroid cancer with clinical stage Ⅲ+Ⅳ were higher than those of the clinical stage Ⅰ+Ⅱ(P0.05).The positive expression rate of CCR7 in the thyroid cancer with lymph node metastasis was higher than that of the thyroid cancer without lymph node metastasis(P0.05),which of CXCR4 in the patients with thyroid cancer was independent of lymph node metastasis(P0.05),and which of CXCR4 and CCR7 were also independent of the age and gender of the patients with thyroid cancer(P0.05).The positive expressions of CCR7 and CXCR4 in all the patients with thyroid cancer was positively correlated(rs=0.491,P=0.000). Conclusions CXCR4 and CCR7 are involved in the coordination of thyroid cancer progression.They can be used as prognostic indicators of thyroid cancer.High expression of CCR7 is prone to lymph node metastasis of thyroid cancer.


A 1553B bus test device comprises a USB (Universal Serial Bus) communication module, a main control module, a 1553B bus interface module and a power module, wherein the USB communication module comprises a USB interface connected with a PC (personnel computer), and the USB communication module is used for realizing the data exchange between test software arranged in the PC and the main control module; the main control module is used for encoding the data downloaded by the test software, or sending error to a 1553B standard device, and decoding and checking the data downloaded by the 1553B standard device for giving the data to the test software; the 1553B bus interface module is used for converting the level of a 1553B bus so as to realize the data exchange between the main control module and the 1553B standard device; and the power module is used for supplying power for the whole device.


Purpose: To establish the reliability of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) as a prognostic factor for the onset and progression of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). Patients and Methods: We examined 51 preterm infants with a birth weight ≤ 1500 g. and gestational age ≤ 32 g.w. Two samples of venous blood were taken for IGF-1 testing the first sample: at birth and the second sample two weeks thereafter. We used a radioimmunoassay test to detect serum levels of IGF-1 (nmol / l). Screening examinations for ROPwere performed with binocular indirect ophthalmoscopy and were documented with RetCam imaging system. Results: 51 prematurely born babies were included, 42 (82.4%) did not develop signs of ROP, and the remaining 9 children (17.6%) were observed with – ROP grade I (5 children) and ROP grade II (4 children). All cases with ROP showed a spontaneous regression without the need for treatment. The children were divided into two groups without ROP and with signs of ROP. We did not detect a statistically significant decrease in IGF-1 serum levels in children with ROP in comparison to those who did not develop signs of the disease. Conclusion: Blood IGF-1 levels were not found to be significantly differentbetween premature infants with ROP and those without, and we have not proven the reliability of IGF-1 as a prognostic factor for the onset and progression of ROP.


The morphological description and illustrated description of 14 species of the genus Amanita in Shandong province are given,and the key to every species is listed in this paper.The voucher collections were deposited in Mycological Herbarium of Jilin Agricultural University(HMJAU) and Mycological Herbarium of Ludong University(HMLD).


Let {β(n)}∞n=−∞ be a sequence of positive numbers suchthatβ(0)=1andlet1<p<∞. Weconsiderthespaceof
all formal Laurent series f(z).
We investigate the supercyclicity with respect to a sequence on the Banach spaces of formal Laurent series.


The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of exercise type on body composition, estrogen, BDNF and amyloid-beta of elderly women. Subjects were 27 elderly women aged 65~75years, classified into three groups(9 in aquarobics group, 9 in coordination exercise group, 9 in walking group). Body composition, BDNF and amyloid-beta were measured at exercise program pre, after 8-week, after 16-week. Data were analyzed by repeated ANOVA method of SPSS/PC + (ver 18.0), Statistical significance level was a=.05. The results of this study were as follows. Interaction effect appeared within lean mass, percent body fat and estrogen. The differences between groups were not found by post-hoc. However, There were significant differences depending on time within groups. These results suggested that aquarobics exercise and coordination exercise had effects on body composition and, coordination exercise and walking had effects estrogen in brain function related hormones.


A representative work of American black humor literary school, Sometimes a Great Notion has revealed the uncertainty of life, the alienation of human beings, the incompetency of strength and the absurdity of the world in terms of illusionary scenes, the rotation of time and space, the horrible death, the unreasonable plots and humorous language.


The relations IVub/Vcbl = (mu/mc) 12 and IVid/V'tsl = (md/ms) 1 between the CKM matrix elements and the quark masses are shown to imply a remarkably precise determination of the CKM unitarity triangle or of the Wolfenstein parameters p, 1J consistent with the data so far. We view this as a clean test of a quark mass texture neatly arising from a hierarchical breaking of a U(2) flavour symmetry.


general Renaissance history, the treatment of the Copernican revolution will have to be supplemented. The chapter on "The study of nature in a changing world" is also disappointing, although Debus cannot be accused of falling below standards here, since this subject is badly treated in all surveys. But Debus' concern with the why of the Paracelsian approach produced such good commentary that I hoped he would offer similar insights for natural history. Unfortunately he does not, and the reader fails to learn why the Plinean approach was more popular than the Aristotelian, why so much attention was given to etymologies and correspondences, why indeed people studied the natural world at all. One need not be an adherent of Foucault to realize that the Renaissance approach requires explanation. This chapter is also one of the few to contain factual errors, and in some cases the selection of illustrative material (more space is given to Topsell than Gesner) is hard to justify. Some criticism should also be directed toward the use of quotations. Debus illustrates his text with numerous selections from Bacon, Descartes, etc., but he takes them usually from secondary sources, and the original locations of the quotations are often not even given. I see no reason for this tactic, since the original sources are readily accessible. Quoting Copernicus via Koyre or Galileo out of Rupert Hall is totally out of place in a study that is otherwise of such high quality. And I might add that many readers will not realize that any sources are provided for the quotations, since there is no indication in the text that the sources are to be found in an appendix. Such shortcomings notwithstanding, this work is very clearly a welcome addition to the field, if Wightman and Boas Hall can be considered a field. In my opinion Debus' book is the best of the group. It deserves to become the standard introduction to Renaissance science, and it probably will.


The solvent extraction of copper by LIX84 in kerosene was investigated to separate and recover copper from solution containing copper, nickel and cobalt leached from matte, intermediate product of manganese nodules. Copper, nickel and cobalt concentrations in synthetic solution were 12 g/l, 15 g/l and 2 g/l respectively, and pH was 4.0, which is similar to those of real leaching solution. The effects of time, pH, extractant concentration and temperature on extraction ratio were investigated and scrubbing and stripping conditions are also tested. The extraction efficiencies of copper, nickel and cobalt were respectively 78.2%, 2.5% and 0.0% with 30% LIX84, O/A 1.0 and equilibrium pH of 1.09, and were increased to 98.9%, 12.3% and 9.5% with controlling equilibrium pH to 2.1. The McCabe Thiele diagram predicts that at an O/A ratio of 1, pH 1.15 with 30% LIX84, three stages are needed to extract the copper concentration from 12.0 g/l in the feed solution to 0.2 g/l in the raffinate, with a copper extraction of over 98%. On the other hand, two stages are required to strip over 95% copper from the solvent (12.0 g/lCu) at O/A ratio of 2 with 180 g/lH₂SO₄. Nickel (0/46 g/l) in the solvent could be scrubbed at A/O ratio of 1 with 2.0 g/l H₂SO₄.


Majority of the indigenous dairy products use three major milk based ingredients namely Khoa, Channa and Paneer in their manufacturing which have been termed as intermediate dairy products. The important wholesalemarkets of intermediate dairy products are Paneer market in Rohtak, Khoa market in Delhi, and Channa marketin Kolkata. The present study determines their market structure, conduct and performance. Based on the concentration ration, the study concluded that overall structure of these markets was oligopolistic. The low profit margin and perishability were the major barriers of entry. The open auction method was practiced only inkhoa market. All products were sold unpacked and quality was determined subjectively. The market margincharged was higher and producer's share in consumer's rupee was lower. The study concluded that marketing efficiency can still be improved by increasing the competition and specialization of the functions.


Groundwater quality regarding major anions and cations in the Birjand Plain located in the largest desert in Eastern Iran was monitored in this study. Fifteen boreholes were considered as sampling stations and the parameters pH, TDS, EC and major anions and cations were measured in groundwater samples. The dominant groundwater types can be introduced as sodium-chloride and magnesium-sulphate. The majority of samples were within the not-suitable category for drinking uses. Regarding agricultural use, around 80 and 50 per cent of samples indicated a very high salinity hazard and a very high sodium alkali hazard, respectively. Spatial distribution of salinity was also monitored within the study area. If the study area was considered to be a semicircle, the centre appeared to be the least polluted area, while towards the peripheral surroundings, an increasing behaviour was observed. Intrusion of salt water from eastern and western parts of the study area caused severe groundwater degradation. The relatively better quality of groundwater in southern areas may be attributed to a chain of mountains located along south of the study area. The prevention of uncontrolled groundwater withdrawal must be regarded to cease the salinization trend and to prepare the required infrastructure for implementing the artificial recharge projects.


The temperature dependence of the infrared reflectivity spectra of a single crystal of La 2 NiO 4 + Φ , with an oxygen excess δ = 0.11, is analyzed by both Kramers-Kronig analysis and an attempt to fit with optical conductivity models for the polarization within the basal plane. This oxygen excess corresponds to a composition of the phase diagram where stripe formation has been reported by other methods. In particular, highly anomalous low-frequency tails of incompletely screened phonon responses are suspected to be the signature of static charge stripes, treated here as multipolarons. By comparison with the positions of extra peaks and with the dispersion curve of phonons, a charge-order wave vector Q has been determined. More generally, the analysis allows us to discriminate trapped and mobile charge carriers. A change of regime from mohile to trapped polarons upon cooling is evidenced. Two thresholds in the temperature dependence of relevant parameters and/or data are evidenced for this sample. One is assigned to charge ordering and the other confirms the onset of combined charge and spin order reported at low temperature by other methods.


This study surveyed 320 faculty members from 10 business schools to examine the intrinsic and extrinsic rewards that motivate faculty to conduct research. Of the thirteen rewards studied, receiving or having tenure is the most important reward, while getting a possible administrative position was the least important. There were significant differences in the importance of these rewards between tenured-untenured and between male-female faculty members. Faculty perceives a strong link between research productivity and the attainment of the rewards of tenure and of promotion. However, in the minds of the faculty, the link between publications and the reward of salary increases is not strong. Associate professors reported lesser importance than either full professors or assistant professors on nine of the thirteen rewards and perceived a weaker link between research productivity and achieving the reward. This implies that the associate professors are the least motivated faculty rank to perform research. There was no significant difference in the number of journal articles either published or accepted for publication within the past 24 months by tenure status, gender, or faculty rank.


This paper deals with the reaction of al-Shinqīṭī towards this latter way of mystical vision, particularly in the case of Aḥmad al-Tijānī. For al-Shinqīṭī, sufis' claim of having a fully consciousness physical contact with the Prophet after his death is impossible because nothing, whether religious or rational proofs, can sustain it. The extreme case of such claim is expressed by Aḥmad al-Tijānī who, insists that a sufi (ṣūfī) can really see the Prophet with his physical eyes. In al-Tijānī's opinion, the ability of the physical eyes to see the Prophet when awake was a common trait of those who attained the status of pole (quṭb). DOI: 10.15408/ref.v13i3.902


ABSTRACT A discussion of computer authoring systems examines the uses and limitations of authoring systems and describes a multifunctional system designed for computer-assisted language instruction and learning. The section on authoring systems in general looks at their evoluzion and at misunderstandings of their potential and capacity. The system described, called DRILL, consists of three main modules that allow the teacher to write and organize exercises, allow the student to do them, and tabulate the results. It is language-independent and can be used at all educational levels. The main modules and their subfunctions are outlined, and some instructional features and advantages are noted. (MSE)


We observed, using the SEST 15-m telescope, the CO(2→1) line emission toward eight highly luminous infrared galaxies of the southern hemisphere which were previously detected in the CO(1→0) transition. While the shapes of the (2→1) and (1→0) line profiles (taken with angular resolutions of 24″ and 45″, respectively) are remarkably similar, the ratios of observed peak main-beam radiation temperatures vary between 1.2 and 2.6. The derived (2→1)/(1→0) ratios of velocity integrated brightness temperature range between 0.33 and 0.77, indicating that the physical conditions of the molecular gas varies from source to source


The paper deals with the experimental investigation aimed at the continual monitoring of the process of setting and early hardening in cement pastes and mortars using the measurement equipment Vikasonic. The measurement principle consists in measuring the time of ultrasonic pulses transit through a test specimen placed between two ultrasonic transducers. This innovative method of measurement could in the future suitably complement or, in some cases, completely substitute the measurement of setting in cement composites using the Vicat apparatus. The pilot measurement results performed on the cement pastes and mortars are presented in the paper.


At first,this paper described research significance of IETM based on Web Database;Then take the MIL-HDBK-511 standard of DOD as the reference,uses the method which the asp technology and the ODBC connection unifies to design and to visit the Web database,proposed concrete method of designing and realizing IETM based on the Web database. Thus,some exploring work in the IETM to the network development is done.


 Abstract —The development of integrated computing environments provides opportunities for the development of virtual production. Virtual simulation is crucial when the robot performs tasks that include some manufacturing processes. Virtual robots are used for program verification before sending it to the real robot and enable collision checking between robot segments themselves and the robot and its environment. Virtual models of industrial robots could be configured in different environments and ways. This paper presents the method for configuring virtual robots as an integral part of the control system. The virtual robot's configuration is realized under the LinuxCNC software environment and relies on OpenGL and several interface classes written in Python programming language. Developing a robot kinematic model to implement a virtual robot integrated with an open-architecture control system is necessary. Models of robot segments were imported in ASCII STL format and connected according to the robot kinematic model, and then the virtual robot was integrated within the LinuxCNC control system. The method for configuring a virtual robot as well as its kinematic model is presented in the example of the BiSCARA robot. Verifying the robot control system, virtual model, and kinematic model has been performed through several examples of drawing contours on the configured virtual robot.


Abstract The identification of previously undetected X-polysomy in a 12-year-old Caucasian girl is described. For this patient, identification of the chromosomal abnormality followed by supportive psychotherapy was moderately successful in improving her self-esteem, affect, academic performance, self-care, and interpersonal skills. Psychological gains were found to be stable 16 months after termination. The importance of a high index of suspicion for X chromosome polysemy is highlighted for children presenting with a combination of cognitive impairment, emotional immaturity, abnormal facial features, history of recurrent urinary tract infection, enuresis, skin abnormalities, and hematological abnormalities.


In the era of the Internet of Everything, edge computing is developing rapidly. Due to the heterogeneous and decentralized distribution of resources, virtualization technology is generally used to integrate and isolate various physical resources in the edge computing environment in order to shield the differences in resources. Firstly, this paper introduces the concept of edge computing and the application status of edge computing. Then, it describes two virtualization technologies in edge computing, and discusses the current research status of these two virtualization technologies. Finally, the research direction of resource virtualization in edge computing we proposes.


Geometric complexity theory (GCT) is an approach to the $P$ vs. $NP$ and related problems. A high level overview of this research plan and the results obtained so far was presented in a series of three lectures in the Institute of Advanced study, Princeton, Feb 9-11, 2009. This article contains the material covered in those lectures after some revision, and gives a mathematical overview of GCT. No background in algebraic geometry, representation theory or quantum groups is assumed.


This dissertation focuses on the theory and the experimental implementation of novel phenomena and devices related to thin layered semiconductor quantum structures, especially in new material systems. We explore quantum cascade (QC) structures in III-nitride material systems with large conduction band offsets and high longitudinal optical (LO) phonon energy. The first midinfrared (mid-IR) intersubband (ISB) emission in III-nitride QC structures is demonstrated. The emission is purely transverse magnetic polarized, which verifies its ISB origin. The center of emission at 5 μm is clearly separated from the blackbody radiation, and agrees very well with the design. We also report the first QC detector in metal organic chemical vapor deposition grown III-nitride superlattices. A current responsivity of up to ∼ 100 μA/W and a specific detectivity of up to ∼ 1 × 10 Jones are recorded. The non-equilibrium Green's function (NEGF) theory is employed for a profound understanding of the subband structure in layered semiconductors. A general model for handling the effects of the interface roughness in thin layered semiconductors is developed within the framework of NEGF. The model predicts an effective grading in the interfaces and an extraordinary fast roughness scattering lifetime (< 0.1 ps), both of which are re-affirmed by the experimentally observed energy shift and unusual broadening in the ISB transitions in IIInitride superlattices. These quantitative results are included in the design of the III-nitride QC emitters and detectors. The ultra fast ISB scattering lifetime (sub-ps) is detrimental for ultra-short pulsed lasing, thus we explore other routes to this goal. We study light emission from a Fe:ZnSe polycrystal with QC laser pumping. Photoluminescence is achieved with its spectral and time-dependent characteristics examined. Effectively, energy stored in the upper state of the QC laser is transferred to the upper manifold of Fe:ZnSe with a 10 10 times longer lifetime.


With the underlying IPv6 network of the differential computing system, there are differences within the network. The security detection has various blind zone. The difference of the underlying IPv6 network within the automatic data processing system is analyzed comprehensively. On the idea of this, an improved underlying IPv6 network security detection module design method is proposed for the multicomputer system. The detailed module design plan is obtained. Within the network security detection system, the new technologies like receiving thread domain, object forwarding domain and file buffer are taken into consideration. It can solve the difficulty in security detection caused by the IPv6 network differences in underlying computing system. Thus, the number of blind zones in the IPv6 networks is reduced to a great extent.


The objective of this paper is to present a new method to control the TNPC inverter with output LC filter based on the Predictive controller. Furthermore, the balance voltage capacitors is also obtained with the proposed method. The model of the system is used to establish the equations, which can be applied to calculate the future values of the load voltage and the dc-link capacitor voltages at the next sampling time. After that, the optimal voltage vectors that minimize both the load voltage and the dc-link capacitor voltages error which are chosen for the next switching state of the TNPC inverter. Obtained simulation and experimental results verified the theoretical analysis and demonstrated that the load voltage is almost sinusoidal in steady-state operation regardless the load is linear or not.


This study focuses on the reflection of millennial women's lifestyles in metropop novels by female authors. The lifestyle of women studied in this paper is taken from the novel entitled Divortiare by Ika Natassa and analyzed using gynocritical theory and approach. The results found from the gynocritic analysis are, first, the apartment as a choice of place for women to live shows the expression of millennial women's freedom. Second, millennial women show their success through the work they do. Third, the café is a symbol of the financial stability achieved by millennial women. Fourth, a friendship between women is a source of strength among millennial women. And fifth, divorce is no longer a taboo for women, but a choice from the form of freedom of women's rights in choosing their way of life. These five aspects voice the experiences of millennial women who can achieve freedom and stability in their lives, as well as the experiences of women who are no longer dependent on men.


We prove that for any $\ell_p$-norm in the plane with $1<p<\infty$ and for every infinite $\mathcal{M} \subset \mathbb{R}^2$, there exists a two-colouring of the plane such that no isometric copy of $\mathcal{M}$ is monochromatic. On the contrary, we show that for every polygonal norm (that is, the unit ball is a polygon) in the plane, there exists an infinite $\mathcal{M} \subset \mathbb{R}^2$ such that for every two-colouring of the plane there exists a monochromatic isometric copy of $\mathcal{M}$.


In this paper the problem of verbal humour and irony is approached from a sociolinguistic perspective, starting from the Semantic Script Theory of Humour (Raskin 1985), which establishes that all humour involves a semantic-pragmatic process. Humour should be understood and appreciated shared sociocultural knowledge; a common code should exist between speaker and recipient. As humour is subjective, this is especially true for the humour of nations, the root of which is hiding in national or ethnic stereotypes, in close relationship with ethnic and national prejudices. All these theoretical issues are put into practice in the analysis of G.B. Shaw's humour as displayed in Caesar and Cleopatra. Concentrating on the target as one of the knowledge resources, it is concluded that choice of the target person has an effect on the identity of the person uttering the humorous remark.


The work contained in this thesis was aimed at isolation of quiescent stem cells from both normal and CML samples and characterisation of the properties of these rare populations.

To isolate these specific cell populations, enrichment of the stem cell fraction was achieved by selection methods based on the stem cell marker CD34. Positive or negative CD34 selection yielded up to 99% pure CD34+ cell populations. A fluorescent activated cell-sorting (FACS) strategy was developed to allow isolation of quiescent and cycling stem cells. Using Hoechst (HST) and Pyronin Y (Py) to stain the DNA and RNA respectively and gating on the viable, Propidium lodide- (PI)-, CD34+ population, it was possible to isolate viable stem cells in G0, G1 and S/G2/M phases of the cell cycle.

Success of the sorting strategy was demonstrated by PCR analysis of differential cell cycle gene expression in the sorted populations. Further development of FACS methodology allowed the division history and stem cell status, as defined by CD34 expression, to be monitored under a range of conditions.

Using this experimental strategy, it was shown that a number of CML stem cells were able to survive exposure to concentrations of ST1 in excess of those achievable in vivo, and that the surviving cells were undivided or quiescent.

In an effort to further characterise quiescent stem cells, the HST/Py FACS strategy was used to isolate quiescent and cycling stem cell populations from both normal and CML samples, which were then processed for microarray studies.

The results have shown a differential gene expression profile between normal G0 and cycling cells that fully validates the sorting strategy. The most significant different gene expression was in a set of chemokine genes, which were up-regulated in both normal and CML G0 cells compared to cycling cells. This has not been previously reported and represents a novel finding. Additional data analysis is ongoing and may, in time, yield therapeutic targets for CML disease eradication.


In the current scenario, it is noticed that when a server reached to its threshold value then there is situation of packet flooding. Flooding can arise in two ways first when many user make request to the server at same instant of time and other when a single user makes a huge number of requests intentionally to jam the network traffic for that particular server. This intentionally arise situation is called as Denial of Service (DoS) attack. DoS attacks are gigantic threat to internet users and websites. Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) is an improvised approach for restricting the legitimate users to use intended service. DDoS attacker uses software vulnerabilities of other computer system on the network in order to setup the attacking network for the victim. In this paper, the focus will be on the behavior of server or victim machine regarding various parameters under DoS attack by using LAN network simulated on OPNET Modeler. It provides model families, that can be used


With the passage of time, the importance of human factor in the accomplishment of organisational objectives has increased considerably because of increasing competition and globalisation of management. Now a days, the people at work are considered the most important factor of production and sewices in organisation from the point of view of management. In the rapidly changing management scenario, HRM has an important role to play The success of HRM is dependent on proper recruitment and selection of employees and executives of an organisation. If an organisation fails to select the right person in right place, it suffers as long as those persons stay in an organisation. Moreover, the quality of service is strongly influenced by the R&S process of the concerned organisation. The present study attempts to review the value-added and non-value added activities within the recruitment and selection process. It also highlights the strategic manpower planning of an organisation, training and development programme, performance appraisal, compensation and reward system and industrial relations etc. that interfaces with R&S process. Finally this paper suggests some policy measures for improving as well as long term success of the R&S process in HRM through initiating necessary changes of the concerned organisation.


Service Report Books from Trade Printing UK's FREE printed Service Report Book Templates. We can also print NCR Service Report Books and Service Books


Magnetically-responsive electrostatographic nickel car rier particles having semi-conductive and lower tribo electric charging properties are prepared by heat treat ing nickel particles in an ambient atmosphere as to pro vide the carrier particles with an oxide coating. More particularly, commercially available nickel particles are placed in a furnace and the particles are heat treated at a temperature of between about 600 C. and about 1,000 C. for a period of time of between about 5 and 10 minutes. When employed with finely-divided toner particles to develop electrostatic latent images in a mag netic-brush development apparatus, the treated carriers have been found to alleviate shorting problems and to provide developed images having lower background densities and higher resolution than prior carrier materi als.


Census data can say a lot about the living conditions of a population and are widely used in
the formulation and implementation of public social policies. The higher the quality of
census data, the more reliable will be the picture of the reality of the population. Based on
microdata from the 2000 Demographic Census, this study describes the frequency of households whose heads self-classified as indigenous and which were classified as collective or improvised by the enumerators in rural municipalities. For households in these categories, additional data are not collected to characterize the households with respect to such aspects as socioeconomic profile and sanitation. In the analysis of color and race categories, indigenous people were those with the highest frequency of households
classified as collective (4.4%) compared to non-indigenous people (0.1%). Classification as
a collective was more frequent in the Central-West macro-region, specifically in the state of
Mato Grosso (over 40% of households classified as collective nationally occurred in only
five municipalities of MT). The number of indigenous households classified as improvised
(3.5%) was also higher than for non-Indigenous households (1.3%). Unlike collective
households, improvised households occurred in different regions of Brazil, especially in
municipalities in the South macro-region (6.6% ) and in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul (17.9%). There were 1.5 times more households classified as improvised in municipalities located inside than outside the Legal Amazon. In this region, it was found that the more developed the municipality, the greater the median proportions of indigenous improvised households and the smaller the area of indigenous lands. It was concluded that there is need for a specific census, with proper training of enumerators, to take into consideration the differences and particularities of each indigenous community. It is believed that merely considering the ethnic diversity of Brazil will reduce inequalities and, therefore, the demographic and epidemiological invisibility that stubbornly accompanies indigenous people.