The issue of optimizing the span structure of road bridges is considered. The proposed method is excluding reinforced concrete from stretched zones and replacing it with steel. The combined work of reinforced concrete in a compressed zone and steel in a stretched zone makes it possible to achieve the most rational solution in terms of material consumption, but leads to additional costs. The article describes the history and experience of using steel-reinforced concrete beams with the span length varying from 12 to 33 m. The advantages of the proposed structure over the typical design of non-diaphragm beam spans are confirmed. Comparison of typical and proposed cross sections of span structures is given. Advanced design of steel-reinforced concrete beams was developed, excluding monolithic seam on concrete slab, which simplifies installation and reduces the complexity of spans. Design solutions are verified by patents of the Russian Federation. Photos of steel-reinforced concrete beams and bridge structures are provided-both built and under construction.


The purpose of this study was to evaluate summer camp counselors' perceived competency prior to and after an 8-day training at an independent for-profit overnight camp. The participants in this study were 101 camp counselors who were employed at an overnight summer camp in the northeastern United States. Counselors' perceived competency was measured with a 21-item survey with seven subscales including typical day routine, conflict management, counselor expectations, safe camp environment, relationships, develop camper skills, and behavior management, prior to and following staff training. Results from the survey indicate increases across all constructs were significant, and the three factors with the largest increase after the orientation training were typical day routine, counselor expectations, and developing camper skills. The two factors with the smallest increase were behavior management and creating a safe camp environment. Devoting additional time teaching tangible methods on how to handle conflict and cultivate camp skills may similarly lead to stronger competency in staff. In the future, integrating video module training for staff prior to training may be beneficial. Subscribe to JOREL


In this work we investigate the performance of recently proposed location-based QoS routing protocols for wireless networks. More specifically, we investigate the performance of location-based QoS routing protocols built on the notion of Collision-Free Sets (CFS) in the presence of realistic position error information. Our main aim is to determine the level of position error that renders the use of location-based CFS routing ineffective in comparison to other spatial reuse QoS routing protocols. Based on our simulations of CFS routing we find that position errors of order 1m in small scale home networks, and 10 m in medium size networks (of range 100 m), represent the level of position errors above which CFS becomes ineffective. In this context, we discuss the density of access points required to ensure CFS routing remains effective. The results reported here will be useful for construction of optimized hybrid QoS routing protocols that aim to make maximum use of all position information available to the network.


Abstract The underachievement of young white United Kingdom males in the face of globalisation is a source of political and educational concern. This ethnographic study of 12 white males in their final year of school in Manchester, England examines attitudes to post-compulsory education. Their decision to participate in post-compulsory education involves family members suggesting the potential usefulness of Household Labour Supply theory as opposed to the more individualistic Human Capital Theory. Aspects of compulsory education appear to be inadequate in preparing school leavers for the labour market. Student awareness of labour market conditions was poor. The marketisation of post-compulsory education following the 1992 Further and Higher Education Act, appears to have brought benefits and danger for students, although marketing seems to have made only a limited impact. There was little evidence of consumerist behaviour in choosing a post-16 destination, despite evidence of such behaviour at the seconda...


This article aims at investigating the nature of the causal relationship between immigration and economic development measured by GDP per capita in Norway using Granger causality test. The results on the unit root test indicate that all the series are non-stationary and are in I(1) process. The Johansen cointegration test reveals that there is no cointegration among the data sets. The Granger causality test shows that when the level of immigration increases, GDP per capita also increases. It has also been found that immigration has no impact on unemployment, and vice versa.


The objective of warehousing function is either to maximize resources utilization while satisfying customer requirements or to maximize customer service subject to a resource constraint. These resources constraint including space, equipment, labor, accessibility and protection of all material, in other word, material handling has become crucial part in warehousing function. Inefficiently space also become the problem in Indah Kiat Pulp & Paper Company, especially in its pulp warehouse, because an issue for allocating one of the main item from pulp warehouse into new warehouse. Therefore, there will be new arrangement to reallocate some items into that blank space. There are five storage policies in material handling that can be used to arrange items into efficiency manner, two of them are dedicated storage policy and cube per order index storage. The efficiency of these policies can be measure using MHES (Material Handling Evaluation Sheet). Comparing those two policies with the study case in Indah Kiat Pulp & Paper Company, it can save up to 14% per month than before.


Four Hamamatsu H6528 Photomultiplier Tube (PMT) assemblies were purchased by the University of Regina, to be used on the SHMS Heavy Gas Cherenkov detector. Despite the excellent gain, the H6528 signal output has two disturbing characteristics: discharges and ringing tails. In this report, we offer solutions to overcome these issues.


There are two fluoride salts of ammonia: ammonium fluoride, principally a laboratory reagent, and ammonium bifluoride, used primarily as a less hazardous substitute for hydrofluoric acid. In addition to frosting glass, uses of the bifluoride include removing scale from boiler tubes and defouling oil wells. Properties, manufacture, and applications are described.

Lithium fluoride resembles the alkaline-earth fluorides more closely than the alkali metal fluorides. It is used primarily in the ceramics industry. Properties and manufacture are described.

Magnesium fluoride has a very low chemical reactivity and high optical transparency. It finds application in uv windows. Properties and manufacture are described.

The two stable potassium fluoride salts, potassium fluoride and potassium bifluoride, both have commercial value. The former as a flux, in electroplating, and in synthesis; the latter as a flux and in the manufacture of fluorine. Properties and manufacture are described.


This research focuses on students with learning disorder stuttering. At present there are students that when you talk or read a text are wrong, they get nervous and they even stutter, is by these factors has been necessary to make a diagnosis to identify the causes and consequences caused stuttering. In this research, this issue will be discussed with a deep approach to visualize clearly and objectively the Dysphemia and its impact on the poor academic performance of students in the Eighth, Ninth and Tenth Year Technical College "May 19", by systematic approach allows us to know the factors causing this disorder, raising hypotheses about the given problem, conducting surveys, interviews, with questions on the subject, taking into account specific aspects, through research will focus on workshops and training to educational community to generate ideas to improve education. The results of this research were favorable to develop curriculum adaptation, counted with the participation of teachers, parents and students are immersed in the educational problem, the role to be met by parents to overcome learning disabilities should be coordinated with teachers who in turn should motivate students doing reading activities, to reduce Dysphemia and raise the level of education. With this research project twenty-three students, Eighth, Ninth and Tenth Year a principal, three teachers and eighty parents Technical school "19 May" will benefit generating workshops, training sessions, to learn more about stuttering and its impact on learning.


By means of field sampling , laboratory test , field survey and data collection methods. The characteristics of expansive soil were studied. After analyzing the reasons for deformation and failure of expansive soil to buildings, effective treatment methods were put forward. Under the extreme drought climate condition, the buried depth of the foundation should be appropriately increased.


The design of the rudder folding mechanism and rudder shaft has a great influence on the aerodynamic characteristics of the rudder. The dynamic finite element modeling and calibration of the rudder is based on the modal parameters which can are obtained from rudder modal test. On this basis, adjust the corresponding finite element model parameters which stand for the connection and multiple connection stiffness between the folding mechanism and the rudder shaft. Through the research of the changing tendency of the rudder system modal frequency with the connection stiffness parameters of the finite element model of adjustment, meaningful conclusions can be obtained, which can be used as a guidance of the folding mechanism design and structure optimization design of the connection between rudder shaft and the body.


In 1992, a cosmic particle with an incredible energy of approximately 3x10 20 eV struck the Fly's Eye detector in Utah with a speed of


Introduction Infrared analysis – is a universal physial method that is applied in the research of structural features of different organic and inorganic compounds. Its peculiarity is possibility to carry out the research without previous sample processing that is very important during the work with moisture-retentive chemicals. During the molecule is irradiated by infrared light only those quanta are absorbed frequency of which agree with frequency of valence, deformational and vibrational motion of the molecules [2,3]. Investigation methods Were studied: lot 20515 (pattern №1 that was got under the environmental humidity of 15%), lot 10314 (pattern №2, environmental humidity 20%), lot 10513 (pattern №3, environmental humidity 30%) and lot 11113 (pattern №4, environmental humidity 40%). Received pills were being investigated with the help of absorption infrared spectroscopy (AIR spectroscopy) in the intermediate infrared band (4000-400 cm -1 ). During the researches apparatus Thermo Nicolet IS50 with ATR module. Results and discussions This way, in accordance with the results of our researches the mechanisms  of transformation of  ademetionine structure under the influence of water or –OH groups. Received data confirm that optimized climatic conditions for the production of pills on the basis of the substance ademetionine 1,4 butandisulfonate is environmental humidity not higher than 20%, and the temperature 20 °С. Conclusions Comparative analysis of ademetionine 1,4 butandisulfonate pills of different series and reference listed drug   «Heptral»  was carried out with the help of infrared spectroscopy. It is shown that infrared absorption spectroscopy as operational method of the analysis allows to study the influence of the humidity on structural-informative qualities of the substance ademetionine 1,4 butandisulfonate in developing preparations. It's experimentally determined and confirmed that optimized climatic parameters of getting pills, environmental humidity not higher than 20% and the temperature 20°С.


Cf. also Andromache 827. Euripides, with his love for decorative adjectives, makes the contrast between the white fingernail and the red blood spurting from the wounds. Sophocles notes the defilement (alxv6vE) of the cheeks from the falling tears mingling with the drops of blood. Jebb's translation is an example of the "beautification characteristic of the nineteenth century" (Richard Krautheimer).


GaoFen (GF) series are the space-based system as part of the China High-Resolution Earth Observation System (CHEOS), which is established as one of the Chinese National Science and Technology Major Project. Three satellites of the series are already launched till now, and providing near-real time Earth observation with high spatial resolution of 1m and high spectral resolution reaching nanometer level. Data acquired from all these satellites has served a wide range of applications covering many topics. In particular, data of GF-1 is applied in monitoring land cover, soil salinization, sea ice, marine oil spill and so on. And GF-2, with high spatial resolution of 1m, has been used to monitor urban changes and survey the coastline. In addition, all users can access all available data through the data service platform of CHEOS, where also all practical applications cases are detailed.


Objective To explore the potential risks of the night nursing in patients with Brugada syndrome and to analyze the corresponding prevention and management measures.Methods 12 patients with Brugada syndrome were randomly divided into two control group and experimental group,6 cases in each group.The control group was only treated with conventional therapy,while the experimental group was treated with reinforced night observation and nursing on the basis of conventional therapy.Results The efficacy of the experimental group was significantly better than that of the control group,and there was significant difference between two groups(P0.05).Conclusion When the patients with Brugada syndrome are treated in the hospital,a classification of risks about the conditions of diseases should be adopted.Monitoring of electrolyte,temperature and ECG should be implemented at night in order to timely detect the high-risk factors of Brugada syndrome and take the related solution as soon as possible.As a result,the frequency of nocturnal occurrence of Brugada syndrome can be decreased.


Management Science is not unique to any particular country or set of countries. It is comprised of processes, techniques and tools that are potentially applicable to problems found in a wide range of social and economic systems. The scope and style of management science practices vary from country to country. In Canada the community of Operational Research/Management Science (OR/MS) practitioners has grown to approximately 1200, according to the membership lists of professional societies. The time has come to take stock. It is with this goal in mind that we accepted the challenge of editing and contributing to Management Science in Canada.


Accounts of air reconnaissance in Britain have already been printed in this Journal (XLI, for north Britain; XLIII, for south Britain): the present paper records recent discoveries, bringing the previous records up to date. Of the last five summers only in 1955 was there a marked drought favourable to the development of crop marks; but it has been possible to observe different parts of the country under a wide variety of conditions. These have allowed advantage to be taken of different combinations of weather, crops, and soil, so that a buried site invisible one year might be seen in another. Moreover, opportunities for reconnaissance in March and April have meant that large areas could be observed soon after spring ploughing, when soil-patterns in bare fields often reveal disturbances in the ground. These conditions have been particularly valuable for studying Celtic field-systems on the chalk downs and traces of ancient agriculture in the Fenland. In the north, reconnaissance has revealed an interesting new group of military works, apparently of early date, at Troutbeck on the margin of the Lake District, besides yielding much fresh information at sites already known. This is particularly true of the extensive Roman sites in Scotland that often now lie within several different fields, not all of which are under suitable crops in any one year. Two forts, two signal-stations, and some sixteen temporary camps may be added to the list of discoveries given in JRS XLI.


The words of the Psalmist reflect an attitude often present in the Psalms of Lament. The Psalmist expresses the sense of abandonment with which many among the community of faith in any generation can identify. Where is God in our time of great trouble? How can our gracious God allow such terrible things to happen to those who are God's people? Hosea's message offers at least one response which must be heard as a balance to such a cry of pain and frustration. Hosea 6:4-6 provides a rather different perspective upon pain and frustration. This time it is God who voices frustration and pain at the abandonment God experiences by those who are supposedly God's people. "What shall I do to you, O Ephraim? What shall I do to you, O Judah? For your hesed is like a morning cloud, and goes away like early rising dew." Those who bear the name of people of God are guilty of living faithlessly. In this verse, both Israel and Judah are accused of losing that basic quality which is essential for the people of God, the quality of hesed, covenant love. Hesed is a word which defies simple definition as it appears in the Old Testament. There are several crucial features which are consistently present in its usage. Hesed is clearly a relationship word. It is used of intra-family relationships such as that of husband and wife, though this quality of relationship is not limited to family. Hesed is also a concept which implies action. Hesed is something which is "done." Finally, hesed assumes a mutuality of response. Hesed is the proper response of one to whom hesed has been shown. Hesed is what God has shown consistently to Israel from her earliest days. It is the response which God asks of Israel in return. The corruption of worship and lifestyle described in the larger message of Hosea underscores the absence of hesed in the community. Hesed should be reflected in the way the people relate to God, but it is also an issue in the way they relate to one another. The dual sense of relationship must never be lost. It is not possible to be rightly related to God without right relationship with persons. Hosea, like his prophetic peers, is emphatic in denouncing acts of injustice and oppression as antithetical to the authentic life of faith in God.


This commentary piece reflects on the range of contributions to this Special Issue, considering the ways in which the European context fails to offer more inclusionary notions of citizenship in the current era. A long-term decline in state legitimacy in Europe and in the UK cannot be offset by the intensified policing of insecurity that is known as the War on Terror. The Global Social Justice movement is considered as an alternative framework for what security might mean in the absence of state violence. The importance of diasporic identities to such movements comes across in the research project that underpins this Special Issue. States in Europe and the British state, which is focused on here, are experiencing what can be called a 'beseiged legitimacy'. The relative disbelief in official accounts of events by many citizens, such as those interviewed by researchers involved in this Special Issue, combines with a global economy that increasingly resembles a casino.


The present paper aims to provide an assessment of the touristic potential value from the two adjoined counties of Satu Mare (Romania) and Szabolcs-Szatmar-Bereg (Hungary). The endeavour has pursued to create an image of the regional tourism assets, granting scores for the three major categories of resources involved (namely the natural and anthropic touristic potential, as well as the related infrastructure). Cumulatively, the scores achieved by all micro-regions give an accurate image of the existent situation in the territory. Thus, the proposed assessment framework has lead to establishing different levels of touristic attractiveness, accessibility and infrastructural development in the analysed area. Hence, the application of this quantification model has revealed that the two county seats, Satu Mare and Nyiregyhaza, due to their well-preserved cultural heritage values and adapted balneary establishments, represent defining elements in creating the region's touristic offer.


Multispectral imaging coupled with Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning and Signal Processing techniques work as a feasible alternative for laboratory testing, especially in food quality control. Most of the recent related research has been focused on reflectance multispectral imaging but a system with both reflectance, transmittance capabilities would be ideal for a wide array of specimen types including solid and liquid samples. In this paper, a device which includes a dedicated reflectance mode and a dedicated transmittance mode is proposed. Dual mode operation where fast switching between two modes is facilitated. An innovative merged mode is introduced in which both reflectance and transmittance information of a specimen are combined to form a higher dimensional dataset with more features. Spatial and temporal variations of measurements are analyzed to ensure the quality of measurements. The concept is validated using a standard color palette and specific case studies are done for standard food samples such as turmeric powder and coconut oil proving the validity of proposed contributions. The classification accuracy of standard color palette testing was over 90% and the accuracy of coconut oil adulteration was over 95%. while the merged mode was able to provide the best accuracy of 99% for the turmeric adulteration. A linear functional mapping was done for coconut oil adulteration with an R2 value of 0.9558.


Continuous Deionization (CDI) - also known as electrodeionization - is a hybrid separation process combining ion-exchange resins and ion-exchange membranes. A voltage gradient is used as the driving force for separations. The process is capable of achieving high levels of purification and concentration of dissolved ionic solutes without the use of chemical regenerants. Early research in the field focused on the removal and concentration of trace metals from effluent streams. In CDI equipment, the electrical conductivity of only the diluting compartments is enhanced by the ion-exchange packing. For this reason, purification levels often improve as the water recovery increases. Examples of improved performance are provided as measured by water conductivity, and levels of dissolved carbon dioxide. In high purity water production, concentration ratios of 1,000 to over 10,000 are achieved at high electrical efficiency. The process is therefore well-suited for liquid purification applications requiring a high extent of deionization coupled with a high concentration, low volume concentrate stream with no net chemical additives. Using a municipal water source, purification levels, as measured by electrical conductivity, of 10 to 0.1 microsiemens/cm are achievable at 75-80% water recovery. Recovery is limited primarily by the precipitation of solids in the concentrating stream. Inmore » specialized applications, e.g., for production of less than 0.1 microsiemens/cm ultra-pure water downstream of reverse osmosis (RO), CDI product water recoveries of 95% are achievable. Typical flow diagrams are provided and described.« less


Abstract : A new approach to the description of Army officer duty positions is to cluster functionally related tasks into duty modules. This report assesses the efficacy of this approach. Task-analysis data were collected from 403 Infantry officers and 74 Quartermaster officers in representative duty positions described by 93 duty modules; data reflected duties both under actual or simulated combat conditions and under garrison conditions. These data were factor analyzed by the principal components method and the factors were rotated by the varimax method. Results indicate that Army officer duty positions can be divided into six factors that describe the functions of: Unit command, operations and training, manpower and personnel, logistics, intelligence, and troop welfare. The duty module concept is confirmed as a logical and parsimonious strategy for defining Army duty positions and determining relationships among these positions; this approach can be used to develop career progression models and to relate officers' training to their assignments, for the Officer Personnel Management System.


This article is an attempt to bring healing to one of the many lives that has been deeply affected by the events of September 11, 2001. The author believes that her father's narrative from that day in New York is similar to what Arthur Frank called a "chaos narrative," and the author gives voice to her father's pain and frustration to help heal him and to enrich their relationship. The author's father's narrative of that day introduces the article; next, the author contrasts her own relatively muted experience with his. Frank's chaos narrative concept is discussed as well as the author's reasons why she believes her father's narrative is a "postchaos" narrative. The article concludes with a short update on how the author's father is today and how this article has affected their relationship.


This article presents a way to evaluate the bleed-through defect on very old document images. We design measures to quantify and evaluate the verso ink bleeding through the paper onto the recto side. Measuring the bleed-through defect alows us to perform statistical analysis that are able to predict the feasibility of different post-scan tasks. In this article we choose to illustrate our measures by creating two OCR error rate predicting models based bleed-through evaluation. Two models are proposed, one for Abbyy FineReader * which is a very power-full commercial OCR and OCRopus † which is sponsored by Google. Both prediction models appears to be very accurate when calculating various statistic indicators.


Earthquake time-history analyses have been carried out for a buried gas pipeline of X65 which is of popular use in Korea. Parameters included are shape of a buried gas pipeline, soil characteristics, single and multiple earthquake input ground motions and burial depths. Predicted response of strain and relative displacement are then compared with allowable strain and displacement capacity calculated by Guidelines for the Seismic Design of Buried Gas Pipelines, KOGAS. Comparative studies show that strains are in general affected by the burial depths together with change of soil conditions. Regarding the relative displacement, while axial relative displacement is not influenced by the burial depths, transverse relative displacement is affected by both burial depths as well as soil conditions. In all, the current study is encouraged to give a useful information for healthy earthquake evaluation of a buried pipeline.


Background: Mouth bacterial flora in the form of plaque is the main requirement for the forming of caries. Streptococcus mutans is considered to have a vital role in causing caries. Miswak (Salvadora persica) has been known to be able to improve the oral hygiene and health through its mechanical and chemical components. This research used miswak extract solution which has antibacterial effect. Aim: To know the effect of the application of miswak extract solution at various concentrations on the growth of S. mutans and to determine the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC). Methods: This research is a quasi experimental research with post test only control group design. The sample used the colony of S. mutants. In this research there were 6 sample groups and one control group. The sample's given was by applying the miswak extract solutions with 100%, 50%, 25%, 12,5%, 6,2%, and 3,1% concentration levels towards the research samples. The data was obtained by visually observing the growth of S. mutans colonies in each sample groups. Statistical test was using Kruskal-Wallis test and continued with Mann-Whitney test. Results: In the treatment groups with the 50 % and 100% concentrations of miswak extract solution there were no visible growth of S. mutans, meanwhile in the sample groups with the 3,1 %, 6,2%, 12,5%, and 25% concentrations of miswak extract solution there were still visible growths of S. mutans although from the visual observation, the growths of S. mutants in the sample groups with the 3,1 %, 6,2%, 12,5%, and 25% concentrations of miswak extract solution were not as much if compared to the growths of S. mutans in the control group. The Kruskal-Wallis test obtained a significance difference (p=0,003), and the test was continued with Mann- Whitney test which obtained a significance difference (p=0,025). Conclusions : The usage of miswak extract solution could hinder the growth of S. mutans. Siwak extract solution with 50% concentration was the most effective in hindering the growth of S. mutans. Keywords: Streptococcus mutans, miswak extract solution, Salvadora persica


The project aims to demonstrate the opportunities and obstacles that exist to switch from air cooling to liquid cooling of data centers, with it being able to allow data centers to constitute as virtual heating plant in the district heating system. The specific cost of liquid cooling is normally more expensive compared to traditional air cooling, by selling the excess heat as district heating there are opportunities to repay that additional cost within a few years. A data collection from existing data centers and heat production plants shows that the specific power intensity of a data center can in some cases correspond to a heating plant a district heating system. With today's development towards more powerful servers and the use of GPUs for HPC calculations, the power intensity will increase and make data centers more competitive and attractive as heat sources. An evaluation of different possibilities for connections of the data center to the district heating network shows that the data center can be connected as a traditional heat production facility. Where water from the return line is extracted and heated to be returned to the supply line, to achieve the desired temperature, the flow through the plant is adjusted. At ICE data center research facility (RISE), a testbed has been established that enables the evaluation and development of liquid cooling techniques and products. The testbed to the property's the possible heat The highest on the excess 72 ° th compared to center. the recipient of the surplus heat.


It is common opinion that improving the efficiency of an energy source will result in a proportional reduction of energy consumption. However this may not be the case, and efficiency gains could lead to a less than proportional decrease in consumption, or even to a net increase. This phenomenon is known as the 'rebound effect' (with the case of an increase in energy consumption called 'backfire' or 'boomerang'), and it was analysed for the first time by the English economists William Stanley Jevons, who showed how the passage from Newcomen's to Watt's engine augmented consumption of coal despite the efficiency improvement. This somewhat counterintuitive effect has, then, become known as the 'Jevons' Paradox'. In more recent years the argument has been further analysed by many other authors, especially Daniel J. Khazzoom and Leonard Brookes, from whom it took the name of 'Khazzoom-Brookes postulate'. This study provides a review of the literature, presenting a theoretical analysis of the 'rebound' effect, based on price elasticity and energy demand elasticity, and some of the main empirical evidences. But also integrates it with the behavioural side, to see if some barriers there exist in terms of bounded rationality or behavioural fallacies of the consumers that limit the diffusion of energy conservation. More specifically it is be provided a deeper insight on the effect of hyperbolic discounting, 'magnitude effect' and relative thinking through two experiments focusing on consumption preferences and willingness to pay for LED bulbs.


The correlation of emission reduction and air quality changes in Jiangsu is analyzed according to the data from 2000 to 2007 on air pollutant emission and ambient air quality.The results show that SO2 emission and air quality changes are positively correlated in recent years,and it shows weak negative correlation between the dust emission and particulate concentration.The further study shows that the Environmental Kuznets curve is "inverted U" relationship in the province.It reveals that Jiangsu has entered the economic environment win-win range,but this relationship is affected by the policy in recent years.This study can make an important reference value to the Twelfth Five-Year Plan.


The crystal and molecular structure of the two new thiocyanatocadmate(II) complexes indicated in the title were determined by the single-crystal X-ray-diffraction technique. [(CH3)4N]2[Cd(SCN)4] is tri-clinic, with a space group of P\bar1; a=7.300(2), b=13.019(4), c=5.8920(9) A, α=96.32(2), β=93.080(18), γ=104.63(2)°, and Z=1, while [(CH3)4N][Cd(SCN)3] is orthorhombic with a space group of Pna21; a=10.506(3), b=13.797(5), c=9.4506(18) A, Z=4. In both complexes, the cadmium atom is in an octahedral geometry. In 1, the metal atom is at the center of symmetry, and respective pairs of side-by-side metal atoms are bridged by two thiocyanate (SCN) ions, where one SCN ion is S-coordinated and the other is N-coordinated to the same-side metal atom. Also bonded with two nitrogen atoms of unidentate SCN ions, the metal atom is 4N2S-hexa-coordinated, and they line up along the c-axis in a polymeric form. In 2, respective pairs of side-by-side metal atoms are bridged by three SCN ions, two of those SCN ions being S-c...


An attempt is made to distinguish experimentally between the amount wa of water held by molecular sorption, and that, wc, held by capillary retention on finely ground flour of Sitka spruce wood. The method used consists in flooding the evacuated flour with an evacuated aqueous solution of sucrose and measuring the change in concentration of the solution with an interferometer. Since capillary retention requires for its manifestation free liquid surfaces in the interstices of the wood, it is claimed that, when the vacuum method here described is used, only true molecular sorption will cause a change in concentration of the solution. Since there are indications that a certain small amount of sucrose also is adsorbed by the wood, it is impossible to arrive at the exact value of wa, but a minimum possible value wa (min.) is given which varies with the vapour pressure of the solution used, and amounts, on extrapolation to infinite dilution, to some 23 per cent of the dry weight of the wood. The difference between the total sorption W measured on the vapour-pressure isothermal and the values of wa (min.) here found is taken to represent the maximum possible value for wc. The question of the sorption of sucrose is discussed, and the suggestion is made that the moisture-content hysteresis in wa is smaller than that in W; thus a greater proportion of water is held by capillary forces on desorption than on adsorption.


In this paper we present a new framework for analysis and optimization of shared memory parallel programs. Our framework is based on two key concepts: (1) concurrency relation and (2) isolation semantics. Two statements are said to be concurrent if there is an execution in which two threads can execute the two statements simultaneously. Isolation semantics essentially treats critical sections as being isolated or atomic. The main contributions of this paper are as follows: • We present a simple algorithm for computing concurrency relation among two or more statements in a parallel program that includes cobegin/coend, parallel for, barrier, post/wait, and critical sections. • We propose a new framework for solving data flow problems by reifying two key concepts: concurrency relation and isolation semantics for critical sections. As an example we solve the pointer analysis problem using our framework To the best of our knowledge ours is the first work that directly incorporates isolation semantics for solving data flow analysis. • We formulate the lock assignment problem for assigning locks to critical sections. For a special class of non-interfering critical sections, we will show that the optimal lock assignment problem can be reduced to a graph coloring problem. In general, we conjecture that the optimal lock assignment problem is NP-hard. We present a simple algorithm that tries to assign the minimal set of locks to critical sections without reducing the fine-grained parallelism. To the best of our knowledge, ours is the first work that formulates and solves the problem of lock assignment for critical sections. • To study the feasibility and validity of our approach we implemented lock assignment and pointer analysis using the Omni [33] OpenMP Compiler. We present some preliminary experimental results of our implementation.


Critical collapse in General Relativity (GR) has been studied extensively, both numerically and analytically, for a wide variety of matter models including massive and massless scalar fields coupled to gravity, as well as a variety of gas models. Comparatively less work has been done towards the investigation of critical collapse in Newtonian gravity, although some progress has been made using an isothermal gas model. In this paper we numerically investigate critical collapse of a massive scalar field in spherical symmetry, coupled to gravity in the Newtonian limit. The evolution of such a field is described by the Schrödinger-Poisson (SP) system. A Crank-Nicolson finite-differencing approximation is coded using the Rapid Numerical Prototyping Language (RNPL), and the updates are coded in FORTRAN. The SP system is investigated using Gaussian initial data, centred at the origin. By varying the amplitude of the Gaussian data, no evidence for critical behaviour is found, and so the SP system is modified through the gravitational coupling in an attempt to induce critical behaviour. This modification is realized by making the exponent in the Poisson equation variable. Type I critical behaviour is found using the Gaussian initial data centred at the origin for an exponent 2 = 3. By performing a bisection search the critical value of the amplitude, A, is found to 15 digits of precision. The critical solution is found to be periodic in time, characteristic of Type I phenomena, with a period of T ≈ 0.02. By surveying the 1-dimensional parameter space of A, the Lyapunov exponent associated with the growing mode in Type I phenomena is found to 3 significant digits to be λ ≈ 163.


Abstract Fruits and seeds of the genus Chenopodium have been considered taxonomically important but have not been fully studied or utilized. We discuss the importance of describing fruit and seed morphology at low magnification to improve the identification and taxonomy of North American taxa of Chenopodium, which in a large part remains unresolved. A new species, Chenopodium nitens Benet-Pierce & M. G. Simpson, is described, integrating these reproductive characters with general vegetative characters.


Electro-discharge diamond grinding is a hybrid process of electro-discharge machining (EDM) and diamond grinding which is obtained by replacing the tool electrode of conventional EDM by a metal bonded diamond wheel. When face of the wheel is used for machining then the process is termed as electro-discharge diamond face grinding (EDDFG). In this study, modelling and optimisation of EDDFG of cemented carbide-cobalt composite has been done using a hybrid methodology comprising of Taguchi methodology (TM) and response surface methodology (RSM) with material removal rate (MRR), wheel wear rate (WWR) and average surface roughness (ASR) as the objective functions. The approach first uses the TM for finding the optimum level of input machining parameters such as wheel speed, current, pulse on-time and duty factor. The optimum input parameter values are further used as the central values in the RSM to develop second-order response model for MRR, WWR and ASR after conducting experiments using central composite rotatable design matrix. The simultaneous optimisation of weighted response has been obtained using MINITAB software. The results show considerable improvement in three quality characteristics when the hybrid approach is used, as compared with the results of only a TM approach.


Fields studies were conducted in 1984 through 1986 to investigate the release of inorganic N to corn (Zea mays L.) following a winter annual green manure crop of hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth) that had either been plowed down to 22 cm (conventional tillage, CT), or killed and left on the surface (no-till, NT). Soil samples were taken regularly throughout the season at three depths (0-7.5 cm, 7.5-22 cm and 22-45 cm) and analyzed for organic N. Crop growth and N uptake, as well as various other plant, soil and environmental parameters were also monitored (...)


A mathematical model was presented to calculate phosphorus flux across water-soil interface of construc- ted wetlands by employing hydrodynamic dispersion and sorption theory.A critical value of inflow phosphorus con- centration(C_R)was derived from the model.The critical value can be used to indicate the shift condition as nutri- ents sink or source of wetlands.According to the model,removal of phosphorus is a joint effect of hydrodynamic dispersion and sorption.During the first few years after construction of wetlands,the sorption process is dominant resulting in a low value of C_R.During that period,the condition of the wetland as a nutrient sink can be easily sat- isfied,which make the wetland effectively remove phosphorus.After several years' running,the wetland soil may become sorption-saturated,which make the hydrodynamic dispersion process dominant.This further results in an increased value of C_R.At that stage,the condition of the wetland as a nutrient sink may be hardly met,and the wetland may function as a nutrient source rather than a sink.The model presented in this paper is physically based and can explain the decline of phosphorus removal efficiency of a wetland with time and the shift condition as a sink or a source.The model was used to interpret the observation data of a constructed wetland right upstream of Fuxian- hu Lake,Yunnan Province.It was concluded that the wetland did not have apparent phosphorus removal effects af- ter two years' operating with a value of 0.58 mg/L for C_R.


PTB 59 'Samyuktha' specifically bred for koottumundakan system of cultivation in Kerala, is a pureline, selected from Culture C3-2 developed through hybridization and selection, with M 210 (the dwarf mutant of traditional tall indica rice variety PTB 10) and PTB 28 as parents. Samyuktha is a photo-period insensitive, medium tillering variety of 112 – 117 days duration, growing to an average height of 123 cm with a yield potential of 3600 kg ha-1 under koottumundakan system. This short-bold red kernelled rice variety is moderately resistant to major pests of rice crop. It is non-lodging in the koottumundakan system of cultivation, with non-shattering grains and moderate dormancy. Considering its qualities, PTB 59 'Samyuktha' was released as a variety for cultivation in koottumundakan system during 2010 .


Reinforcement is one of the widely used practices in today's educational environments. Teachers often use reinforcement as a form of discipline in the classroom, and these reinforcements allow students to learn new ideas, skills, and rules. Reinforcers can be used effectively in teaching of the social and academic skills as well as in reducing or eliminating problem behaviors. Therefore, this study aims at identifying how pre-school teachers in inclusive classes employ secondary reinforcers for the students with special needs. The study is designed as a descriptive research. The participants of the study are four pre-school teachers working in Ankara who teach students with special needs. In this study, the data were collected through the Teacher and Student Information Form and Learned Reinforcement Checklist which was developed by the author. The findings of the study indicate that the participants mostly use social reinforcers. In other words, they all prefer to use social reinforcers such as praise words and applauding for the students with special needs. The findings of the study indicate that the participants employ limited number of activity reinforcers and all teachers participated in the study employed token reinforcers for the students with special needs.


This paper is a report of the activities, discussions, and decisions of the process and Information Model Working Group of ECBS. The committee met periodically during the Stockholm meeting and included all present at the meeting who wished to participate. The deliberations focused on study, discussion, and modification of a set of information models presented at the conference. A goal of the committee is to establish an internationally acceptable process meta-model and a related information model for computer based systems engineering work. The two major sources of models have been the studies by the Complement team.<<ETX>>


In this paper the author indicates a certain class of planar curves such that any set of positive linear measure on them is a set of absolute convergence for double trigonometric series. Bibliography: 11 titles.


First of all,through specifying the concept of science and technology,this paper expounds the basic definition of management of science technology,and briefly analyses the history?status quo and factors of management of science technology. Based on the study of the concept and the theory of higher education institution's management of science technology, the author offers a thorough analysis of it's current status, presents that there are many problems in existing higher education institution's management of science technology, and analyses the causes of various problems.


In this study, the effects of blanching and spray drying processes on total flavonoid contents and DPPH radical scavenging activity of green asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.) spray-dried powder were investigated. Experiments were designed using one-factor-at-a-time in the blanching process and a threelevel factorial with two factors, including drying temperature and the dry matter concentration in spray drying. The results showed that suitable blanching conditions were at the temperature of 85 °C in 4 minutes and chosen drying conditions were at the temperature of 160 °C and 10% dry matter concentration using maltodextrin as a carrier. Total flavonoid contents and DPPH free radical scavenging activity of asparagus spray-dried powder were 26.97 mg RE/g and 53.64 μmol TE/g, respectively.


Editor—Several points relating to Knoll and Bell's meta-analysis of randomised trials comparing cyclosporin (Sandimmun) and tacrolimus may have a bearing on its conclusions.1 Unfortunately, the first study cited—that by Shapiro et al—does not have a minimum of one year's follow up; the "median follow-up is 1.12 years, with a range of 0.17 to 2.25 years."2 This trial by Shapiro et al should also be excluded on the grounds that it is not a randomised trial but compares a group of patients treated with tacrolimus with "a nearly concurrent group of patients treated with cyclosporine."

Drawing conclusions is also difficult because two of the studies routinely used antibody induction therapy and a third study did not detail whether it did or not. This is a practice not commonly adopted in the United Kingdom. Furthermore, the drug doses, routes of administration, drug monitoring, and treatment of rejection episodes differed considerably between studies. The fact that three of the studies were multicentre trials with allowances for local protocols leads to further potential variation.

All four studies evaluated the old cyclosporin preparation Sandimmun, which is no longer available in the United Kingdom. Its successor, Neoral, has improved absorption and a lower acute rejection rate than Sandimmun, so that any direct comparisons between the formulations are impossible.

In an attempt to compare cyclosporin (Neoral) and tacrolimus (Prograf) we are conducting a single centre randomised controlled trial for patients undergoing cadaveric renal transplantation. We have so far recruited 200 patients, 179 of whom (90 treated with tacrolimus and 89 treated with cyclosporin) have been followed up for a minimum of six months (median follow up 25 months). The acute rejection rate was 32% for patients treated with tacrolimus and 39% for patients treated with cyclosporin (NS).

Serum creatinine concentrations were better in the tacrolimus group at both one year (129 μmol/l v 153 μmol/l; P<0.05) and two years (129 μmol/l v 157 μmol/l; P<0.05). The use of muromonab-CD3 or antilymphocyte globulin was lower in the tacrolimus group, as was the need for conversion to mycophenolate mofetil. The incidence of glucose intolerance after transplantation was greater in the tacrolimus group (0% v 20%; P<0.05), while hypercholesterolaemia was more common in the cyclosporin group (5.8% v 5.0%; P<0.05).

Tacrolimus is more expensive than cyclosporin, but the additional costs of treatment with muromonab-CD3 and mycophenolate mofetil mean that in the short term the overall packages of care closely balance.3 Our study is continuing so as to evaluate the long term effects of these two calcineurin inhibitors.


Neuroinflammation seems to be involved in the pathophysiology of Huntington's Disease (HD), but its specific role on different stages of the disease, especially in later stages, remains to be understood. Here in, we investigated the concentrations of cytokines, chemokines and neurotrophic factors in striatum and frontal cortex of 24-month-old BACHD mice, a murine model of that displays several behavioral and pathological features of human HD. Our results revealed increased concentrations of the chemokine MCP-1 and the neurotrophin NGF in the striatum of BACHD mice alongside a reduction in the levels of the cytokine IL-6 and of the neurotrophin BDNF. In the frontal cortex, we found decreased levels of BDNF and MCP-1. We provide the first evidence that cytokines and neurotrophic factors may contribute to the pathophysiology of advanced HD.


The utility model discloses a tube and shell type heat exchanger, comprising a shell (3), a plurality of heat exchange tubes (6) and a plurality of arch-shaped baffle plates (5), wherein the heat exchange tubes (6) and the arch-shaped baffle plates (5) are arranged in the shell (3); the heat exchange tubes (6) penetrate through all the baffle plates (5) which are distributed at intervals along the axial direction of the heat exchange tubes (6); and the plate surfaces of the baffle plates (5) are folding surfaces protruding out of the end part of the shell (3) close to a shell pass fluid inlet (7). The flow path of the shell pass fluid after being guided by the baffle plates tends to be smooth, and is consistent to the flow channel between the two arch-shaped baffle plates, so that the flow resistance is reduced, the flow speed distribution of the shell pass fluid is improved obviously, the flow area is effectively increased, and the dead area is reduced; simultaneously, in the tube and shell type heat exchanger, the heat transfer coefficient is also increased, so that the heat exchange effect is improved; and in addition, the tube and shell type heat exchanger also remains the advantages that the processing and the installation of the arch-shaped baffle plates are convenient, the standardization is suitable, and the cost is low.


The first in an initial order of 58 IC-2000 aluminum-bodied double-deck intercity coaches for Swiss Federal Railways (SBB) was unveiled at Schindler Waggon's Pratteln factory on 26 September. The IC-2000 is one of several significant rolling stock contracts now coming to fruition. The article describes this major element in the railway's Bahn 2000 program to increase system capacity.


Objeetive To study the clinical effect of allograft acellular dermal matrix(ADM)in the treatment of conjunctival sac narrow.Methods 26 cases(26 eyes)withconjunctival sac narrow post-operation hydroxyapatite(HA)implantation were treated with allografi acetlular dermal matrix.Follow-up ranged from 6 to 18 months(averaged 11 months).Results 26 cases all got satisfied clinical effect.ADM emerged the normal colour and outward appearance of conjunctiva post-operation 6 months.No infection,necrosis or exclusion took place and good cosmetic effect were got after artificial eyes used.Conclusion It was suggested that ADM was convenient and safe on the conjunctiva sac rebuild in the cases of conjunctival sca narrow,the curative effct was trustworthy.

Key words:
Allograft acellular dermal matrix; Conjunctival sac narrow; Plastic surgery


Magnetic resonance (MR) is a proven, nondestructive analytical technique in chemistry and medicine. The sensitivity of a MR experiment is principally dependent on the strength and homogeneity of a polarizing static magnetic field, termed B0. This requirement has traditionally limited MR experiments to a 'closed' configuration of magnets or wires generating a highly uniform B0, but limiting the size of the sample that can be investigated. To remove this size requirement, 'open' or unilateral sensors have been developed, in which a planar arrangement of magnets generates a suitable B0 at a location displaced from the sensor. This configuration increases the range of samples that can be examined, at the expense of B0 homogeneity. This paper presents the design of a portable, unilateral MR sensor suitable for nondestructive moisture detection. The sensor comprises an array of permanent magnets, designed using an inversion approach in which a target magnetic field is specified in a volume over the array. Using an analytical optimization, the magnet sizes, strengths, and positions are then determined to give the target field. The result is a large region of field homogeneity, displaced ~4.5cm from the array, suitable for MR. The sensor is demonstrated for the in situ detection of moisture within aircraft composites. The paper discusses the design and construction of the magnet array, and presents results of successful moisture detection


Thank you very much for downloading selections from shelley. As you may know, people have look numerous times for their chosen novels like this selections from shelley, but end up in infectious downloads. Rather than enjoying a good book with a cup of tea in the afternoon, instead they juggled with some harmful bugs inside their desktop computer. selections from shelley is available in our book collection an online access to it is set as public so you can download it instantly. Our books collection hosts in multiple locations, allowing you to get the most less latency time to download any of our books like this one. Merely said, the selections from shelley is universally compatible with any devices to read.


The Shannon-Wiener Index (H′), AZTI's Marine Biotic Index (AMBI), and multivariate AMBI (M-AMBI) of macrofauna communities were applied for comparing their applicability in assessing the status of ecological quality of sediment (EcoQ) of eight organic shrimp farming ponds (OSFP), Ca Mau province. There were obvious differences between the evaluation results of three indices in the eight OSFP through three seasons. The EcoQ given by the AMBI and MAMBI was higher than that given by the H' index. These indicated that H' index may also be more sensitive to environmental disturbances than the AMBI and M-AMBI. Furthermore, the EcoQ given by the M-AMBI was a neutralization between that given by the H' and AMBI indices. Because there are no environmental data available in this study, the H′ index was really more sensitive to environmental disturbances than the AMBI and M-AMBI, that have yet to be fully elucidated. Further investigation of these three indices with environmental data is needed to potentially increase the precise answer to this issue.


The Active Tracer High-resolution Atmospheric Model (ATHAM) has been adopted to examine the aerosol indirect e ff ect in contrasting clean and polluted cloudy boundary layers during the Second Aerosol Characterization Experiment (ACE-2). Model results are in good agreement with available in-situ observations, which provides confidence 5 in the results of ATHAM. Sensitivity tests have been conducted to examine the response of the cloud fraction (CF), cloud liquid water path (LWP), and cloud optical depth (COD) to changes in aerosols in the clean and polluted cases. It is shown for two cases that CF and LWP would decrease or remain nearly constant with an increase in aerosols, a result which 10 shows that the second aerosol indirect e ff ect is positive or negligibly small in these cases. Further investigation indicates that the background meteorological conditions play a critical role in the response of CF and LWP to aerosols. When large-scale subsidence is weak as in the clean case, the dry overlying air above the cloud is more e ffi ciently entrained into the cloud, and in so doing, removes cloud water more e ffi - 15 ciently, and results in lower CF and LWP when aerosol burden increases. However, when the large-scale subsidence is strong as in the polluted case, the growth of the cloud top is suppressed and the entrainment drying makes no significant di ff erence when aerosol burden increases. Therefore, the CF and LWP remain nearly constant. In both the clean and polluted cases, the COD tends to increase with aerosols, and 20 the total aerosol indirect e ff ect (AIE) is negative even when the CF and LWP decrease with an increase in aerosols. Therefore, the first AIE dominates the response of the cloud to aerosols.


Intrusion Detection System (IDS) is basically a system that monitors the system or network activities and detects the occurrence of malicious activities. Intrusion detection is important as it plays a significant role in developing an efficient system. Anomalies need to be identified as they can lead to the root cause of an issue or mishap by analyzing the data and also reduce the threats and vulnerabilities to the system. Machine learning algorithms work better as they are adaptive and can give time analysis and insights into the test data. The algorithms can be trained effectively for multiple data and can track the exploitation of the system. Numerous approaches can be followed for intrusion detection. This paper discusses and compares four major supervised machine learning algorithms and how they are effective in various test conditions. The paper aims to create an Intrusion Detection system comparing various ML techniques to distinguish between the normal (good connections) and the intrusions (bad connections), to recognize the best fit technique on which the further developments can be carried.


The present study aims to identify pathogenic/risky variants in the exomes of healthy young individuals predisposing to Alzheimer's disease (AD) by their validation in centenarian's exomes. The group of Bulgarian centenarians included 32 individuals (mean age 102.4) without AD diagnosis and the matched control group of 61 young healthy individuals (mean age 21.9). Two DNA pools were constructed with equimolar amounts of DNA from each participant and whole exome sequencing analysis (WES) was performed. We examined the WES data for pathogenic or risky SNPs predisposing to AD. Of altogether 1929 variants selected from DisGeNet database for association with AD, only 174 (9.02%) were detected in our WES data. One hundred and fifty-two (152) SNPs were present in both studied groups, 8 in centenarians and 14 in controls only. Seven variants have significantly higher frequency in young individuals or absence in centenarians. Based on sufficiently unambiguous literature data, we nominated rs63750264 in APP, rs429358 in APOE, rs1800562 in HFE variants for predisposition to AD in young individuals. To a lesser extent, the carriership of rs2070045 in SORL1, rs6265 in BDNF, rs769449 in APOE, rs4988514 in SST can increase the risk to AD development. These variants could find implication in the Alzheimer's disease estimation in young individuals before the onset of clinical symptoms.


Human evolution depends on behavior transmission for survival and learning. Previous research has shown that children are more likely to imitate when multiple people demonstrate an act compared to when only one person performs the act (Haun, Rekers, & Tomasello, 2012). This is true even if the children see the new act performed the same number of times. One explanation for this finding is that children presume behavior performed by multiple people is correct, whereas one person's behavior may be an individual choice. An alternative explanation is that children may pay more attention to the behavior performed by multiple versus one actor. This poster addresses these two possibilities.


The economic turndown in the last two decades resulted in higher
 unemployment rate than ever in Japan. Due to long-believed lifetime employment system in Japan,
 not much has been known for job search behaviors and their psychological correlates among
 unemployed individual. In an aim of exploring relationships among job search behaviors, work
 volition, and stigma for unemployment among unemployed adults, an online survey was conducted
 with 400 unemployed individuals. Participants were asked to rate scales of job search behaviors
 and support, stigma attached to unemployment, work volition, and mental health indices. Two
 hundred and eighty two adults (70.5%) reported that they had not engaged in any job search
 activities for the past three months. We thus sought to examine job search preparation,
 performing correlational analyses with these 282 individuals. It was revealed that job search
 preparation was weakly correlated with job search support. Work volition and job search
 self-efficacy were negatively correlated with stigma for unemployment and scores of GHQ. The
 findings suggested the need for changing stigma for unemployment as well as negative health
 states.


We present a first-principles DFT investigation of the adsorption geometry on the anatase (101) surface of a prototypical di-branched organic dye based on the extended tetrathiafulvalene moiety, incorporating two anchoring cyanoacrylic acid units. Reduced model systems with one and two anchoring groups have been initially studied to investigate the vibrational frequencies related to TiO2 dye adsorption. Our calculations confirm that the reduced systems can be used as reliable models to study the anchoring modes and that the conclusions extracted from the reduced systems can be extrapolated to the entire molecule. A series of molecular structures have been investigated to simulate the anchoring environment in monodentate- and bidentate-like adsorption modes. The comparison between the theoretical results and the available experimental data suggests a di-anchored monodentate adsorption mode as the most probable adsorption structure. Geometry optimizations of the di-branched model system adsorbed on a periodic slab of anatase (101) allowed us to compare the relative stability of different adsorption conformations and led to a di-anchored monodentate mode as the most stable adsorption structure. Furthermore, ab initio molecular dynamics simulations confirmed this structure as the preferred one, providing additional stabilization by effective hydrogen-bonding to surface oxygens and structure distortion from planarity. The analysis of the partial density of states for the prototypical models confirms that the doubly anchored adsorption provides improved electronic properties compared to the singly anchored structures for dye-sensitized solar cell purposes.


patients failed recanalisation (group 3). rapid resolution of ST segment elevation in patients in groups 2, in patients with persistent coronary occlusion ST elevation considerably


Guilt and social fear as two negative emotions play important roles in children's social development.When children use internalized norms to evaluate their own wrong behaviors,they would experience guilt,but if children use external norms(such as teacher's norms)to evaluate their own wrong behaviors,they would experience fear.This study intended to reveal children's development of understanding of social fear and guilt emotion.The results suggest:(1)the understanding of guilt emotion increases with age among 9-11 years old children,but even 11 years olds can not understand the guilt emotion well.(2)compared with the obscure situation,in guilty situation,9-11 years old children express better ability of understanding three levels of guilt emotion.(3)9-11 years old children can understand social fear emotion very well.Thus,it is concluded that children's understanding of social fear emotion is better than their understanding of guilt emotion,and children seem to understand guilt emotion based on their understanding of social fear emotion.


By summarizing generation of 3D geosciences modeling,geological data model and software application,the present situation and development tendency are discussed in the paper.


S – SPEAKERS (in alphabetical order by first author surname) Characterization of Silica Mousterian Tools from Navalmaíllo Neanderthal Rockshelter (MadridSpain) Using Petrography, SEM-EDX and Portable XRF Ana Abrunhosa, M. A. Bustillo, Telmo Pereira, Belén Márquez, Alfredo Pérez-González, Juan Luis Arsuaga and Enrique Baquedano 1 ICArEHB Interdisciplinary Center for Archaeology and Evolution of Human Behaviour. Faculdade das Ciências Humanas e Sociais. Universidade do Algarve, Portugal 2 MNCNMuseo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales. Department of Geology, Madrid, Spain 3 MARMuseo Arqueológico Regional, MadridSpain 4 CENIEH Centro Nacional de Investigación sobre la Evolución Humana. Burgos (Spain) 5 Departamento de Paleontología, Facultad de Ciencias Geológicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain 6 Centro Universidad Complutense de Madrid-Instituto de Salud Carlos III de Investigación sobre la Evolución y Comportamiento Humanos, Spain 7 I.D.E.A. – Instituto de Evolución en África, Madrid, Spain This work reports the geoarchaeological combined analysis of siliceous raw materials used in Mousterian lithic tools from the Navalmaíllo Rockshelter by standard optical microscopy, SEM-EDX and portable XRF. Navalmaíllo Rockshelter is an Upper Pleistocene site in a karst complex of Upper Cretaceous dolomites intensely used by Neanderthals. It is located in the Lozoya river valley at about 1100 m.a.s.l. within the National Park of the Guadarrama Mountain Range in the Central System. This region is marked by a wide variety of lithic resources that are present in the archaeological context. The shelter measures c. 300 m and shows a stratigraphic sequence with successive hominin occupations. Level F represents the most intense one containing hearths, lithic tools and faunal remains in situ. Seven archaeological samples consisting mainly of quartz were analyzed by the first two methods and per their textures three rock types have been defined. Type 1 and 2 are silica rocks that can be traced to an origin in veins or dykes, and type 3 is recognized as a chert formed by silicification of Cretaceous dolomites. All of them are compatible to an origin in the Lozoya valley. A set of Mousterian lithic tools from different levels of the Navalmaíllo Rockshelter that correspond macroscopically with the seven samples were examined with a portable X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometer to evaluate if it was possible to differentiate the same three types. This multi-criteria process of combined analyses allowed to improve the characterization and lithological discrimination of the silica raw materials used in Pinilla del Valle and the recognition of probable geological sources to target on planned future surveys. With it we hope to better understand the extension of Neanderthal strategic and abstract thinking through the discovery of mental patterns, cognitive abilities, mobility, exploration and exploitation of the territory and the different ways of perceiving and occupying the landscape in the centre of the Iberian Peninsula. Blind Test Evaluation of Consistency in Macroscopic Lithic Raw Material Sorting Aviad Agam and Lucy Wilson 1 Department of Archaeology and Near Eastern Cultures, Tel Aviv University, Israel 2 Department of Science, Applied Science and Engineering, University of New Brunswick, Canada At the base of every lithic raw material archaeological study lies the macroscopic examination, wherein archaeological artefacts are sorted into petrographic (rock) types. For instance, flint artefacts can be sorted into types based on visual characteristics such as traits of the cortex, colour, and visible fossils. This process often serves as a platform for petrographic and/or geochemical analyses, aimed at accurately identifying the sources of these flints. However, as the human eye is a subjective tool, some inconsistencies in classification may rise. Since macroscopic classification is an essential stage in lithic raw material studies, a process for evaluating and increasing the reliability of macroscopic raw material analyses is needed. In this study, we undertook a blind test of raw material classification of archaeological material taken from the Acheulo-Yabrudian assemblages from Qesem Cave (Israel). Twelve students, with various degrees of experience and familiarity with the Qesem Cave material, but without prior experience in raw material classification, sorted 100 randomly-selected flint pieces into flint types, based on a previously established data base, which includes flinttype samples and their descriptions, after a brief tutorial process and a group-practice-classification of a sample of an additional 50 pieces. Also, L.W., who has regularly performed lithic raw material research for more than 30 years, and A.A., who has been studying raw materials since 2013 under the instruction of L.W., performed the same blind test. We then compared the 14 sets of results, using L.W.'s results as an anchor. Our results show that experience and practice significantly affect the degree of consistency, as the participants who were more experienced with the Qesem material (albeit from undertaking typo-technological studies) achieved higher correlations with L.W.'s results. Also, while some flint types are harder to identify, leading to heterogenous results, other flint types are easier to detect, resulting in a high correlation between participants. More generally, blind tests are demonstrated to be a valuable instrument in the process of raw material studies, pin-pointing repetitive inconsistencies, and thus improving the reliability of classification. Ciota Ciara Cave and the Monte Fenera Palaeolithic (Italy): New Data, New Views Diego E. Angelucci, Marta Arzarello, Maurizio Zambaldi 1 1 Dipartimento di Lettere e Filosofia, Università di Trento, Italy 2 Dipartimento di Studi Umanistici, Università di Ferrara, Italy Situated at the southern border of western Alps, Monte Fenera is a low, mostly carbonate-built hill, hosting several palaeontological and archaeological sites – among which karstic caves bearing evidence of Palaeolithic occupations. The Monte Fenera sites have a long history within Alpine archaeology: they have been extensively explored since the 19 century, but information on their stratigraphy, chronology, formation and function remains incomplete or even lacking. Being among the few Palaeolithic cave-sites prior to LGM in the area, their systematic study is crucial for understanding human peopling and environmental evolution of the region in the Pleistocene. We here focus on the Ciota Ciara site, a complex, active cave modelled in Triassic dolostone. Systematic fieldwork at this cave resumed in 2009, along with new analyses and dating that has allowed us to revise the site's archaeology and formation. Our contribution deals with the geoarchaeological analysis of the Palaeolithic succession that was unearthed at cave entrance. After accurate field description and sampling, we have performed routine sedimentological analyses, basic geochemical characterisation and micromorphological observation. Preliminary results suggest that the succession at the Ciota Ciara entrance is older than formerly assumed and may date to Middle Pleistocene – early Upper Pleistocene. Sediment accumulation in this sector of the cave results from consecutive events of concentrated flow and runoff from the inner karstic system, alternating with episodes of éboulis accumulation from wall/roof disintegration and short phases of surface stabilization. Post-depositional processes include frost action, hydromorphism and diagenesis, and weathering dynamics have selectively affected archaeological components, which thus show distinct degrees of preservation. We discuss the first results of the geoarchaeological revision of the Ciota Ciara site and set them in the context of Pleistocene cave archaeology and of the debate on the evolution of Neandertals in Mediterranean Europe. All Along the Watchtowers! Balancing Heritage Protection and Development of Castle Sites with Scientific Research Potential of Buried Archaeology Rowena Banerjea, Hans Huisman, Cristiano Nicosia, Quentin Borderie, Jesper Colenberg, Irène Béguier, Melinda Bizri, Guillermo García-Contreras Ruiz, Bénédicte Guillot, Aleks Pluskowski, Xavier van Dijk, Jan van Doesburg 1 University of Reading, UK 2 Cultural heritage agency of the Netherlands 3 CReAUniversité Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium 4 Département d'Eure-et-Loir, CNRS UMR 7041 ArScAn "Archéologies Environnementales", France 5 Independent, The Netherlands 6 Service départemental d'archéologie du Calvados, France 7 Université de Bourgogne / UMR 6298 ARTEHIS "Archéologie, Terre, Histoire et Sociétés", France 8 Universidad de Granada, Spain 9 Institut National de Recherches Archéologiques Préventitives (INRAP), France 10 RAAP, The Netherlands Successive waves of conquest and colonisation throughout the Middle Ages have shaped society and the cultural geography of modern Europe. Castles and their remains are iconic remnants from that period, and as such form an important part of our cultural heritage. Across Europe, only recently is the scientific potential of the buried archaeological deposits within castles being realised, which can be overlooked in favour of the protection and consolidation of standing remains, and developments such as reconstruction and rebuilding projects. This paper reviews the state of archaeological remains within medieval castle sites across Europe (Estonia, France, Latvia, Poland, Italy, Spain and The Netherlands), their scientific value and potential threats to the buried archaeology based on geoarchaeological research. No standing remains survive at Karksi and Elbląg (Estonia and Poland) but both sites contained exceptionally well preserved waterlogged occupation deposits dating to the initial colonisation during Crusades. In Caen, Gien (both in France), Elbląg, and Kessel (The Netherlands), excavations were done ahea


High-sensitive differential phase imaging has been performed with hard x-ray scanning transmission microscope optics and an imaging detector. A microbeam with the size of 60 nm at 8 keV x ray is generated by highly-coherent illuminated beam at x-ray undulalor beamline BL20XU of SPring-8. The differential phase image is reconstructed by data set consists of diffraction images of each scan position. Advantages for absorption imaging are shown with some objects.


Much research has been done in the speciality of cooking technology and nutrition,so the major has basically formed a training pattern,that is "Aimed at the requirement of society,the organizers decide students' future posts,draw up the majors' knowledge,abilities and qualities structure,train students' applied abilities,and build up course system centering on the students' applied abilities".The organizers strengthen practical teaching and explore teaching contents,teaching methods and ways of examinations.Theory and practice teaching have been effective and reached the aim and requirement of training scheme.


Dual compartment suppositories are being developed to prevent HIV and STIs. Such products, for use in either the rectum, the vagina, or both, could have a significant public health impact by decreasing global incidence of these diseases. In this study, 16 women each used two rheologically distinct suppositories in their vagina and rectum. User Sensory Perception and Experience (USPE) scales assessed sensory experiences during sexual activity to understand whether, and how, women perceive formulation properties in the vagina and rectum. Qualitative data from individual in-depth interviews captured women's descriptions and comparisons of the experiences. Significant differences and large Cohen's d effect sizes between vaginal and rectal experiences of suppository-A were found for three scales: Application: Product Awareness, Sex: Initial Penetration and Sex: Effortful. Qualitative data provided user experience details that credibly align with these score differences. Near significant differences and large effect sizes were found for two additional scales: Sex: Perceived Wetness with suppository-A and Sex: Messiness with suppository-B. In addition, other scale scores showed medium-to-large effect sizes which correspond to hypothesized sensations associated with biophysical properties of the suppositories. Statistical significance combined with large effect sizes and qualitative data accurately represent the hypothesized perceptibility of suppository properties and identifies performance characteristics relevant to acceptability and adherence; together these data provide discernment of factors which can guide the development of dual compartment products.


PURPOSE: A multi-axis complex processing machine is provided to improve productivity by reducing time required for replacing tools and to successively or simultaneously perform drilling, boring, tapping, and milling. CONSTITUTION: A multi-axis complex processing machine comprises a multi-axis transferring table(110), a first transferring unit, a second transferring unit(140), a first handle unit(130), a second guide(150), a workpiece fixing unit, a machining unit(170). First guides(112) are installed in four branch plates(111) of the multi-axis transferring table. The first transferring unit is coupled to the first guides. The first handle unit transfers the first transferring unit along the first guides. The second transferring unit is installed in the center of the multi-axis transferring table and is coupled to the second handle unit. The workpiece fixing unit has a jig for fixing a workpiece. The machining unit machines the fixed workpiece.


The bilirubin is a important reagent to the analysis chemistry and study of life chemistry.It's also a raw material of medicine which is short both in domestic and international countries.This paper not only discusses the improvement of the conditions of extracting the bilirubin and its mechanism,but also expounds the craft process and the method.The improvement of the technology is reasonable.It's suitable and beneficial for individual factories and those factories of small scale.


A preconditioned steepest descent (SD) method for solving very large (with dimensions up to 106 ) unconstrained optimization problems is presented. The basic idea is to incorpo1 rate the preconditioning technique in the framework of the SD method. The preconditioner, which is also a scaled memoryless BFGS updating matrix is selected despite the oftenly scaling strategy on SD method. Then the scaled memoryless BFGS preconditioned SD direction can be computed without any additional storage compared with a standard scaled SD direction. In very mild conditions it is shown that, for uniformly convex functions, the method is globally and linearly convergent. Numerical results are also given to illustrate the use of such preconditioning within the SD method. Our numerical study shows that the new proposed preconditioned SD method is significantly outperformed the SD method with Oren-Luenberger scaling and the conjugate gradient method, and comparable to the limited memory BFGS method


Objective To evaluate the feasibility of nasal endoscopic approach technique in optic canal decompression.Methods Twelve patients with optic trauma were treated by nasal endoscopic sphenoethmoidal approach for optic canal decompression.Results The optic improvement was in 9 cases,no effect in 3 cases.The reason of no effect was long time after trauma(over 5 days).Conclusion The nasal endoscopic sphenoidal technique for optic decompression have advantages of simple and minitraumatic approach,that is one of favorable of optic canal decompression.


In this paper, "Former, afterward comparison" of conventional economical evaluation methods is used; a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method and an analytic hierarchy process are introduced to assess the intelligence charging system of Chengdu city and a goal of evaluation rationalized is gained.


B818 Differing Neurologic Reports By Hospital and OPO Staff. B. Schleich,1 S. Yoon,1 M. Khasawneh,1 K. Srihari,1 J. Lewis,2 H. Irving,2 A. Friedman.2 1Systems Science and Industrial Engineering, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, NY; 2New York Organ Donor Network, New York, NY. At the time of triage by an Organ Procurement Organization (OPO), the neurologic status of patients referred for deceased organ donation is a key variable reported by hospital staff. This factor, though combined with others, is the most important in determining how personnel are dispatched for on-site patient assessment. After multiple incidents where our transplant coordinators found that the reported brain death status during triage differed from their onsite evaluation, a root-cause analysis was initiated. Consecutive new referrals of ventilator dependent patients (for whom a coordinator subsequently evaluated the patient in hospital) to our OPO were tracked from September to December 2013. Neurologic descriptions were divided into four categories; Not Brain Dead (NBD), Arefl exic (A), Brain Death Testing Initiated (BDTI) and Declared Brain Dead (BD). Overall, of the 347 observations on-site that had an average response time of 5.8 hours only 77.2% (N=268) completely matched the phone descriptions. Importantly, 1 patient (.003%) who was reported to be BD, was not. As shown, almost 9% (N=31) of referred patients were found to be in better neurologic condition than had been described. Most inaccurate reporting pertained to A (only 64.5% identical) and BDTI (only 52.0%) referrals. Neurological Status Identical Improved Worsened Total NBD 157 90.2% 0 0.0% 17 9.8% 174 A 89 64.5% 23 16.7% 26 18.8% 138 BDTI 13 52.0% 7 28.0% 5 20.0% 25 BD 9 90.0% 1 10.0% 0 0.0% 10 Total 268 77.2% 31 8.9% 48 13.8% 347 The difference between the accuracy of hospital staff reported neurologic status and that identifi ed by assessment of a trained transplant coordinator strongly suggests a need for caution in dealing with hospital reported data that infl uences OPOs' strategies and actions. Future investigations will include assessment of whether the identifi ed differences were caused by guided questioning at the time of referral or inadequate education on brain death status at the hospital staff level. Abstract# B819 Critical Care Providers' Knowledge and Attitudes About Donation After Circulatory Death. J. Rodrigue,1 R. Luskin,2 H. Nelson,2 G. Henderson,1 F. Delmonico.1,2 1Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; 2New England Organ Bank, Waltham, MA. Donation after circulatory death (DCD) has increased the number of transplantable organs in the USA. However, some critical care providers continue to have concerns about DCD. We surveyed 98 critical care providers (67% response rate) at one medical center using a DCD Knowledge Questionnaire (14 true-false items) and a DCD Attitudes Scale (37 statements, 5-point Likert scale, higher scores=more favorable DCD attitudes) to examine the relationship between knowledge, attitudes, and provider characteristics. Providers (52 physicians, 38 nurses, 8 allied health) were 40.1±12 yrs old, 67% female, and 80% white. DCD knowledge scores ranged from 5 to 12 (mean=9.4±1.6). More knowledge was associated with older age (r=0.27, p=0.01), more ICU experience (r=0.31, p=0.002), and more DCD experience (r=0.21, p=0.04). Most providers did not know (% incorrect) that patient or family consent is necessary for pre-mortem cannulation (62%), a patient must be on a ventilator to be considered for DCD (59%), 5 min of continuous pulselessness or asystole must occur before organ recovery can begin (57%), and death must occur within 2 hrs of ventilator withdrawal for donation to proceed (52%). The DCD Attitudes Scale had high internal consistency (Cronbach's α=0.90). Total DCD attitudes scores ranged from 77 to 159 (mean=129.9±16.4). More favorable attitudes were associated with white race (t=2.4, p=0.02) and more DCD experience (r=0.32, p=0.002). While DCD attitudes were generally positive overall (e.g., 89% felt that DCD allows something positive to come from the patient's death), compared to donation after brain death cases, some providers felt that DCD cases are more diffi cult and less predictable (67%) and place more stress on staff (52%), less comfortable talking to families about DCD (47%), and less comfortable with DCD overall (33%) and with DCD death criteria (39%). Higher knowledge of the institution's DCD policy was associated with more favorable DCD attitudes (r=0.48, p<0.001). Despite a long-standing practice of DCD (>40 years) in this OPO service area, our survey identifi ed knowledge gaps among critical care providers that must be addressed to enhance the acceptance of DCD as a standard of end-of-life care. As a result, the OPO has appointed two associate medical directors with intensivist expertise in DCD to improve the knowledge of critical care providers that can impact attitudes and affi rmative decisions enabling DCD. B819 Critical Care Providers' Knowledge and Attitudes About Donation After Circulatory Death. J. Rodrigue,1 R. Luskin,2 H. Nelson,2 G. Henderson,1 F. Delmonico.1,2 1Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; 2New England Organ Bank, Waltham, MA. Donation after circulatory death (DCD) has increased the number of transplantable organs in the USA. However, some critical care providers continue to have concerns about DCD. We surveyed 98 critical care providers (67% response rate) at one medical center using a DCD Knowledge Questionnaire (14 true-false items) and a DCD Attitudes Scale (37 statements, 5-point Likert scale, higher scores=more favorable DCD attitudes) to examine the relationship between knowledge, attitudes, and provider characteristics. Providers (52 physicians, 38 nurses, 8 allied health) were 40.1±12 yrs old, 67% female, and 80% white. DCD knowledge scores ranged from 5 to 12 (mean=9.4±1.6). More knowledge was associated with older age (r=0.27, p=0.01), more ICU experience (r=0.31, p=0.002), and more DCD experience (r=0.21, p=0.04). Most providers did not know (% incorrect) that patient or family consent is necessary for pre-mortem cannulation (62%), a patient must be on a ventilator to be considered for DCD (59%), 5 min of continuous pulselessness or asystole must occur before organ recovery can begin (57%), and death must occur within 2 hrs of ventilator withdrawal for donation to proceed (52%). The DCD Attitudes Scale had high internal consistency (Cronbach's α=0.90). Total DCD attitudes scores ranged from 77 to 159 (mean=129.9±16.4). More favorable attitudes were associated with white race (t=2.4, p=0.02) and more DCD experience (r=0.32, p=0.002). While DCD attitudes were generally positive overall (e.g., 89% felt that DCD allows something positive to come from the patient's death), compared to donation after brain death cases, some providers felt that DCD cases are more diffi cult and less predictable (67%) and place more stress on staff (52%), less comfortable talking to families about DCD (47%), and less comfortable with DCD overall (33%) and with DCD death criteria (39%). Higher knowledge of the institution's DCD policy was associated with more favorable DCD attitudes (r=0.48, p<0.001). Despite a long-standing practice of DCD (>40 years) in this OPO service area, our survey identifi ed knowledge gaps among critical care providers that must be addressed to enhance the acceptance of DCD as a standard of end-of-life care. As a result, the OPO has appointed two associate medical directors with intensivist expertise in DCD to improve the knowledge of critical care providers that can impact attitudes and affi rmative decisions enabling DCD. Abstract# B820 Analysis of Attitude of Medical Personnel and Care Givers in Determination of Brain Death in a Non-Western Society. B. Yildiz. Transplantation Surgery, Ankara Numune Teaching Hospital, Ankara, Turkey. Background: Living donor transplantations outnumber deceased donor transplantations in certain parts of the world. This is secondary to cultural and religious beliefs of society relating to after life. This brings certain issues in both determination brain death and getting consent for retrievel of organs of the deceased person. Aim:To analyze how physicians who take part in determination of brain death react to the process. To analyze the way donor's family react to brain death. Patients and Methods: 36 deceased donor cases were evaluated. Four (neurology, anesthesiology, neurosurgery,cardiology) physicians evaluate brain death. Brain dead patient's fi rst degree relatives decide whether they want to donate the organs or not. We evaluated physician reactions and attitude with questionnaires without putting names on the papers. We requested family members to fi ll a questionnaire asking why they donated/rejected donation. Results: It takes a median of 11 hours for all four physicians fi nalize their brain death report. Neurology, neurosurgery, cardiology physicians all asked for anesthesiology evaluation before fi nalizing their report for all cases. Median number of consultation notes fi lled in by these departments is two. Anesthesiology department requested a second work up other than apnea test before fi nalizing their report for all cases even when the apnea test was indicative of brain death. The second work up was computed tomography angiography of brain in 29 cases and transcranial doppler in 7 cases. In two of the angiographies result was equivocal not certain about loss of brain vascularity. According to physician questionnaires two doctors wrote they do not believe in brain death (cardiology and neurosurgery). Most common reason why family's did not consent was related with loss of body integrity. One patient B820 Analysis of Attitude of Medical Personnel and Care Givers in Determination of Brain Death in a Non-Western Society. B. Yildiz. Transplantation Surgery, Ankara Numune Teaching Hospital, Ankara, Turkey. Background


1061 scribe the presence of brain invasion as an important factor in recurrence risk . The distinction between atypical and typical meningiomas is clinically relevant because benign meningiomas have been shown to recur about 7-20% of the time, while atypical variants recur in 2940% of cases . Thus, prospectively grading meningiomas may have important clinical implications. The use of adjuvant therapy and its dose may vary depending on the grade. Addition of adjuvant therapy has been shown to be of proven benefit in improving disease-free survival .


This paper presents an analysis of the discipline Ethics and Teacher Training in the light of qualitative methodology. Its relevance is based on the certainty that the qualitative methodology inspires and promotes actions related to teacher professionalization aimed at social inclusion, from the perspective of ethical. The use of this methodological approach relates to its focus on the production of meanings that emerge in the teachers-participants interaction. The conclusions of this work are directed: (a) the qualitative methodology as guiding the pedagogical work, b) the revolutionary projects and narratives of themselves as products of discipline and c) the identity changes that were created by social interactions. The discipline fostered positioning related to responsibility for their lives and that of others.


Towards more sustainable rubber industry, natural-based compounding ingredients should be utilized including natural rubber (NR) and bio-based process oil. This work investigates epoxidized palm oil (EPO) and its amine-modified form (mEPO) as alternatives for petroleum-based process oil in silica-reinforced NR tire tread compounds. The properties of such compounds are compared to that of reference mixes with treated distillate aromatic extract (TDAE) and without oil. When compared to the compound with TDAE, the one with EPO shows a lower viscosity, lower filler-filler interaction and flocculation rate constant, but higher cure reaction rate constant as a result of interactions between the epoxide groups in EPO with the silanol groups on the silica surface that promote hydrophobicity on the polar surface. By increasing epoxide contents in the range of 1-3 mol% in EPO, the cure reaction, tensile properties and loss tangent at 60C are improved. The use of mEPO further enhances the vulcanization reaction due to an alkaline amino group in the mEPO oils, resulting in higher crosslink density and better mechanical properties as well as elastic response under dynamic conditions, compared to the mix with TDAE. The use of mEPO results in reduced loss tangent at 60C, an indication for lower rolling resistance of tire tread made thereof. Therefore, the perspective of more "green and sustainable" tires is fulfilled.


Presently a days human PC collaboration has turn into a major scope of uses for substance in feature examination, observation of action developments, and human cooperation with PC. In the Existing work human activities perceived by an arrangement of activity units which is called moderate ideas that can be considered from the preparation information. This work has exhibited a low name provincially weighted word setting descriptor for enhancing the interest-point-based representation which was utilized generally. Here, the proposed framework utilizes a descriptor that can fuse the data which are neighbour finely. In proposed work the GNMF-based activity units are utilizing to extension the semantic hole in representation of activity. Besides here another joint l2,1 -standard based inadequate model for activity unit choice in a style by separation where SVM is embraced as the premonition model for segregation word reference study and arrangement. It is the hyper plane based which can augment the detachment edge between two classes by utilizing the named specimens which are accessible. In any case, in some genuine applications, we are achieving marked examples which are excessive, while extensive estimated unlabeled specimens are effortlessly accessible. This is the reason we propose a Transductive Support vector machine, TSVMs are predominantly a calculations which is persistent and continually look the hyper plane of detachment in the element space with a transductive process by joining unlabeled examples in the preparation stage. The Scale Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT) is a calculation which is utilized to identify and portray scale-, interpretation and turn invariant neighbourhood highlights in pictures. The first SIFT calculation has been effectively connected by and large question recognition and acknowledgment assignments. One of its later uses additionally incorporates face acknowledgment, where it was demonstrated to convey empowering results. Filter based face acknowledgment strategies found in the writing depend vigorously on the supposed key point identifier, which finds interest focuses in the given picture that are eventually used to register the SIFT descriptors.


One of the most baffling phenomena that health practitioners face is Pain. Although modern medicine has acquired some success in understanding and alleviating pain as a symptom, it is still almost completely at a loss when pain itself is the problem.Something like 80% of people who visit a doctor do so because of pain. Yet no doctor can see, touch it or feel it in the same way as the patient does. No medical instrument or machine has been developed to measure it.


........................................................................................................3 Introduction .....................................................................................................4 Review of the Literature.......................................................................................8 Three-part Theoretical Framework .................................................................8 TAB Focus One: What do artists do?..............................................................8 TAB Focus Two: The Child is the Artist .........................................................11 TAB Focus Three: The Classroom is the Child's Studio ......................................13 Why a TAB Classroom Looks Different..........................................................15 What does a TAB Classroom look like?..........................................................17 TAB Impact: Creativity ............................................................................19 TAB Impact: Engagement/Motivation/Connection ............................................22 TAB Impact: Home vs. School ....................................................................24 TAB as a Democratic Education Idea: Meaning and Message ................................25 TAB as a Democratic Education Idea: Collaboration ..........................................26 Conclusion ....................................................................................................28 References ...................................................................................................30 CHOICE-BASED LEARNING IN THE ART ROOM 3